第一篇：淺談孩子教育常見的幾個話題

淺談孩子教育常見的幾個話題

一、孩子要東西時，家長應該如何做好思想工作？ 這個是我們常見的問題，一般情況下，家長們會有兩種反應，一是嚴加訓斥，一口拒絕；一是有求必應，或是被糾纏不過，委曲求全。其實這兩種反應嚴格來說都是特別恰當，缺乏正確的思想引導，而應該對孩子要的“東西”區別對待，如果孩子是購買學習用品，這種情況一般都當做是“正當”需求，一般都會滿足孩子。關于孩子需要購買一些與學習無關的東西的時候，首先我們要在日常生活中培養孩子勤奮學習和勤儉節約的好習慣，潛移默化的給孩子一個“好孩子”的形象，讓孩子自己要形成自己的標準。其次，遇到孩子提出無理要求的時候，提醒或暗示孩子的行為方式是錯了，讓孩子能意識到錯誤。再次，孩子始終不依不饒，窮追不舍的時候，我們可以以沉默來對孩子略施懲罰，因為對一個孩子而言，家長沉默的力量是巨大的，直到孩子承認自己的錯誤，我們再給孩子鼓勵和褒獎，如此才能加強孩子辨別是非的能力。

二、孩子和別人打架時，家長該如何處理? 我們要明白，孩子之間打架純粹是因為童言無忌或玩游戲時候產生的一些不愉快，所以要了解事情的真相，如果是自己的孩子錯了，一定不要覺得沒面子，必須批評自己的孩子，并真誠地向對方家長道歉。如果是對方錯了，我們也要告訴他不對的地方，切記語氣不能兇，而是以講道理的方式，畢竟孩子還小，要保護孩子幼小的自尊心。當然面對孩子也可以做個和事老，分別給兩個孩子一份禮物，撮合他們重新和好，化解孩子的矛盾，以達到教育孩子與人相處要和睦相處的目的。

三、孩子撒謊怎么辦？

孩子是這個世界上最誠實的人了，他們心靈純潔，心里的一切都是善的，當發現孩子撒謊的時候，正說明孩子在智力發展的過程中，父母一定要正確的引導。撒謊沒有任何原因和理由，那一定是錯的，所以必須對孩子進行嚴厲的批評，并肯定的告訴孩子這個行為的錯誤以及對未來的影響，別以為孩子聽不懂，請記住：良好的家庭教育從來都是“有教就有，沒有教一輩子都沒有”。

以上三個問題都是孩子常見的問題，只要我們用正確的方式給予孩子教育，孩子未來就會形成正確的價值觀，在此，也提醒所有的爸爸媽媽們，千萬要記住教育孩子的真諦“耳濡目染，言傳身教”。

第二篇：英語演講常見話題

1.What are the responsibilities of college students?

2.True friendship

3．How should you prepare for a job interview?

4.Learn to walk before you can run

5.The difficulties of finding a job after college graduation

6.My views on the expansion of college enrollment

7.My ideal English teacher

8.In life, it is attitude that matters most.9.Who should be responsible for environmental protection?

10.Look before you leap.11.Smile and the world smiles with you.12.The importance of recycling

13.Is money equal to success?

14.China in 20 years

15.If I had a time machine, …

16.Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do today.17.The role of the Internet for college students

18.My ideal university

19.My views on TV pop shows like “Super Girls” and “Happy Boys”

20.Smoking should be banned in public places.

第三篇：商務英語口試常見話題

In this part each candidate’s task is to choose one topic from a set of three, and to talk about it for one minute.Candidates have one minute in which to prepare and should use this time to make brief notes.The other candidate listens to the talk and is invited to ask one or two questions at the end.Candidates may make notes while listening to their partner.Each candidate is given a different set of three tasks from which to choose.General procedure

A choice of three different topics One minute preparation while making notes A/B starts with the other listening---one minute Question asked

1.Customer relation: the importance of offering incentives to customers

Offering incentives to customers can help you to strengthen your customer base and enhance customer loyalty.If you offer incentives such as vouchers, complementary tickets, miles, gifts in the promotion or sales, you will attractive more customers and get them buy your products or services.At the same time the image of your company will be improved and your brands are more likely to be known by customers.2.Product promotion: how to ensure that products are promoted effectively at international trade fairs

You should send a professional team of experts to arrange the promotion at the trade fair.They must be familiar with the products you want to promote at the fair.Meanwhile they must be good at dealing with clients especially foreign clients.You should use advanced technology to display your products at the fair.Necessary equipments such as DVD, overhead projector, high-definition screen can help you demonstrate the quality, function and specification of your products.You should design your show room and stand carefully to attract more customers.Your stand should be put up at an obvious place so that every customer can get an easy access to your products.3.How to reduce labor turnover rates

In order to reduce labor turnover rates we must take the following effective measures: Set up a clear staff appraisal process to make sure that the performance of every staff can be evaluated openly and honestly and their promotion is based on their contribution to the company.Thus no one will complaint about unfair promotion which once forced some of your staff to leave their jobs.If permits enhance the staff benefits including their base pay annual bonus and other benefits.An incentive system should also be necessary to encourage the staff to work with the company longer.Improve the work environment of your company or factory.Try to foster a spirit of mutual help among your staff and let them understand that the company or factory is far more than just a workplace.It’s a family where all members are supported and valued.4.Career development: the importance of being willing to acquire new skills throughout your career

With the unceasing development of science and technology the workplace is now undertaking profound changes.The way you do your work and the equipment you use in your work will definitely change or upgrade in the future, which means you have to learn new skills to deal with these changes.Remember: you are never too old to learn.New skills will make you keep up with the latest technology and help develop yourself throughout your work life.5.International sales: how to research foreign markets effectively

You should notice the difference between foreign and domestic market and set your target according to specific situation of foreign market.For example: given the different state of living standard the purchasing power of your target market may be higher or lower than the domestic market.If you ignore the difference you are likely to make mistakes in products’ pricing in foreign market.You should ensure that your research team is excellent at carrying out research in a foreign country.That means every member of the team should mater the native language and be familiar with the specific culture of the target market.6.Production management: how to implement an effective just-in-time system What is a JIT production system? JIT is an approach to achieving excellence in a manufacturing company based on the continuing elimination of waste(waste being considered as those things that do not add value to the product).A repetitive production system in which both the movement of goods during production, and deliveries from suppliers, are carefully timed so that at each step of the process, the next(usually small)batch arrives for processing just as needed.The logic behind JIT: Nothing will be produced until it is needed.7.Travel: the importance of being able to speak foreign languages in international business

8.Marketing: how to assess whether there is a market for a new product

You should carry out a research on the customer demands to see if there is a read need in the market for your new product.The feedback or result will help you to decide whether to launch the new product on the market.You should pay special attention to your competitors.Detect whether they are going to launch their new product onto the market.if the answer if yes that probably means there is a demand in the market for some new product.Then be quick and put on your rival product to coincide with them.9.Human resources: how to use staff appraisal schemes

You should see to it that the staff appraisal schemes be a chance for management and employees to come together and exchange ideas, set joint targets and improve the way decisions are reached.The scheme should have a clear appeal process and any negative feedback should be accompanied by evidence such as dates, times and outcomes.Most importantly ratings should reflect measurable element of the job requirements.10.Advertising: the importance of television and cinema advertisement

In fact television and cinema advertising both function as a kind of media which tells or even guides people to buy products or services.With the development of the telecommunication television has become the most important carrier of advertisement and as a result of that TV advertising has the largest amount of audience all over the world.They have penetrated into people’s daily life and persuaded them to buy whenever they turn on them.On the other hand the popularity of the movie make every audience be under the influence of cinema advertising at the beginning and end of the movie.11.Staff management: how to ensure effective lines of communication between the workforce and management

As the leader of the company you should open up a channel for the workforce and management to communicate directly.For example you can hold a monthly meeting within the company, which is attended by both the reps from workforce and management.They are allowed to talk with each other openly and freely to exchange views and opinions.They can also set common objectives.You should achieve this effectiveness by making use of up-to-date technologies.For example you can set up a forum on the intranet of your company so that every member can air and exchange their views on the forum.In this way a effective line of communication will be set up.You should set up an incentive system to make your staff talk with their line managers.12.Finance: how to ensure accurate cashflow forecasts

you should establish a monitor system in the first place to detect any possible cashflow gap which will occur during your production and operation.This system can calculate the balance between your income and expenditure on a daily base.And should there be any sign of cashflow problems the system will warn your staff to do something about it before hand.In order to achieve the accuracy you must set up a report system which demands every manager report the current financial status of his or her departments.The information will be collected everyday for you to take consideration.13.International sales: how to decide which sales incentives to offer a new foreign customer(本題做為思考題，請大家自行考慮一下。)

14.Recruitment: how to ensure that the best applicant for a job is selected(how to ensure that the best candidate for a post is selected)

During the selection process we should pay attention to the candidates’ quality and attribute.Quality refers to the candidate’s ability to conduct his or her future work.During the interview candidates will have to be asked to demonstrate their ability to solve problems and deal with emergencies.In addition the other important factor should also be considered.That is the attribute of the candidate.It has something to do with the candidate’s character and value.Those whose value is in the conflict of the company’s ethics will not be considered as best candidate even if they demonstrate remarkable ability in their work.15.How to decide whether to float a company on the stock market

A: we should check the policy concerning listing a company onto the stock market.Different stock exchanges have different policies and requirements.We should check these policies or requirements to see that if our company meets the demand so as to be listed on the stock market.For example according to the policy of many SEs, the total capital of a company should meet a certain level before it can be listed.Besides, its after-tax profits should also reach a certain level.So check these policies to see if our company is qualified to be listed onto the stock market.Second, we should understand and are willing to take the responsibilities that a listing company has to bear such as disclosure director’s duty all kinds of expenses tax and so on.16.Training: the importance of training staff to use new technology

A: it is a very important step to train your staff in how to use the new technology.First of all most of your staff won’t be familiar with this technology since it is new and unless you train them they will spend much more time in getting used to it.Therefore your training is worthy in getting your staff to understand the new technology.Secondly you still won’t enjoy the high efficiency brought up by the new technology if you can’t achieve the perfect combination of your staff and the new technology which is only possible through training.The last but not the least you can improve your staff’s ability to harness the new technology through your training program and make them more confident in their work, which will definitely enhance the efficiency of your company.17.The importance of selecting appropriate members of staff to attend exhibitions

A: your aim of exhibiting your products at the trade fair is to show your customers the high quality of your products through fine demonstration and careful explanation, which will only be achieved by selecting right staff to attend the trade fair.The staff you select should at least have a good understanding of the products you display.They must know the quality function description production packing and other important fields of your products.Besides they must have strong ability of promoting and marketing.These elaborately-selected staff can answer any kind of question produced by the customers about your products and can secure contracts with them skillfully, which will make your display a complete success.18.Production management: how to organize an effective stock control system

A: there are three important steps: first step up a monitoring system in the company to watch closely the level of inventory so that the inventory can be maintained at an appropriate level.Second set up a reporting system to inform the manager of any possible changes in the level of inventory.If the level is too low try to improve it and reduce its negative effect on the production.If the level is too high try to reduce it and pay attention to the lack of capital and difficulties it will exert on the management.Third make everyone in the company clear about the importance of stock control so that every part of this system is operating effectively and altogether achieve a high proficiency of the whole.注釋：stock control system 存貨控制（對各種物資庫存量的管理。目的在于使各種物料的庫存量保持在適當的水平，既不會因庫存過低而使生產收到影響，也不會因庫存過多而占壓資金并增加管理上的困難。）

19.Meeting: the importance of regular meeting with suppliers

A: first improve your cooperation with your supplier.It is not just a simple deal you make with your supplier.That is to say you should do your business with your supplier on the basis of equality mutual respect and mutual benefit.Second try to let your suppliers know that you are willing to establish the long-term relationship with them so that they are more confident in the current business with your company.Third it is your PR department’s job to communicate with your suppliers on the regular basis and enhance the friendly relationships between you and your suppliers.20.The importance of teamwork for the effective management of projects

A: to manage projects involves heavy workload and requires much of the company’s energy and human resource.However by using teamwork we can make this complicated work become simple and easy.First when we set up a project-oriented teamwork all members of the projects are united and work in a teamwork spirit.That means they work more systemically and coordinate more with each other.As leaders we won’t worry about the time we will have to waste on the coordinating procedures anymore.Second by using teamwork we can create a sound and effective communication with the project and monitor the communication between members as well as the communication between boss and subordinates.Third in a team everyone tries to help others in their work and a lot of problems can be solved quickly after they occur.The managers can thus save the energy and time for trouble-shooting.21.The importance of providing employees with clear job descriptions

A: if you give your employees clear job descriptions they will have a better understanding of what their jobs are and what their bosses expect from them.Then they can work according to their aims without any misunderstanding of their jobs which will definitely improve the efficiency of your employees’ work.In addition for managers clear job description can enable them to know their subordinates’ work better and to monitor and control their work effectively.22.The importance of understanding cultural differences when working in an international environment

A:(請根據課本第七課所劃之內容進行回答)

23.How to ensure that company growth proceeds at the optimum rate A: first we should control the expansion of our company which if not appropriate can cause too much bubble and give a false impression of prosperity.Second plan our company’s future carefully.This includes considering in detail the budget of our company;opening more markets for the company’s products and gearing our company towards a right direction in which its development can be sustainable sound and rapid.Third make sure that we can get all the resources needed for our company’s development including the materials we need to produce our products the capital we need to make investments and the human resource we need to keep our staff highly-qualified.24.How to manage a heavy workload effectively

A: first we should have a timetable illustrating all the details about the work of every staff within a day, a month or even a year.We can deal with more workload while shouldering more responsibility if we can arrange our work in advance.Second make sure that we can communicate with our colleagues effectively so that we can make use of their advice or ideas to help us solve the problems or unexpected things occurring in our work.Third as for ourselves we should keep ourselves physically sound to handle the stress a heavy workload might bring about.25.The importance to a company of having a Health and Safety policy

A: as a kind of legal document Health and Safety policy can help a company to reduce the possible injuries or accidents that may happen in the process of production or office work as it explains in detail what the staff should and should not do in order to keep themselves safe in their work.If those accidents or injuries do happen the Policy made by the company can also be used as reference in case of civil liability.Besides the Health and Safety policy can serve as a record which will be very useful if an inspector questions the company’s precautions on health and safety.26.How to ensure that staff at all levels receive appropriate feedback on individual performance

A: we should establish a complete set of evaluating system within the whole company to monitor individual performance of every employee and to report their performance to the board and the department they belong to.Their performance is judged on the basis of their position and responsibility and in accordance with their personal abilities.Of course any other factors that will affect their performance directly or indirectly will also be taken into consideration.Besides the feedback will be sent directly to our employees’ mailbox immediately after their performance is evaluated.27.How to maintain customer interest in a company’s products A: usually customers are interested in the products which have high reputation or world-wide brand names.Therefore a company should try to keep the fame of their products and develop its products into a global brand in order to attract its customers.And of course customers are often concerned about the quality of the products they are intended to buy.In this regard a company should make their products reliable to use.In addition a company should upgrade their products in a direction that will lead to a multi-functional and user-friendly kind of products.Try to show your customers that your products have great potentials so that they will keep their interest in your products.28.The importance of having a career plan in order to achieve high levels of success at work

A: a career plan is very important for employees.If you plan your career in advance you will have a better idea of what you should do and what you have to achieve at the different stages of your career, which will make you more realistic at work.The plan will guide you throughout your career and make you easier to climb the ladder within the framework of your company.Every time you start your work you will find there is a clear goal before you and every time you achieve your goal another goal has already been set for you to continue.You will never feel lost in the complicated environment and can gain advantage among the tense competition with your colleagues.Gradually you will find yourself moving steadily towards your success and finally reach the top of your career.All of these are not your dreams and they can be realized if you have your career plan.29.The importance of product diversification to the success of a business

A: in today’s increasingly-competitive market product diversification is crucial to the success of a business.Today’s market is becoming more and more diversified which means a single range of products produced by a certain company cannot survive since the competition is extremely high.And even if you survive you will find your earnings via a single product won’t cover even a small fraction of your cost.Therefore a business should diversify its product range.A diversified product range will make you avoid the tense competition in the specific area and give you more opportunities to open up more potential markets which will reduce to a large extent the risks due to the high competition.(還可從吸引顧客的角度來說)

30.The importance in business of maintaining personal contact with clients

A: some of your clients are your important suppliers and others are your distributors.Therefore keeping contact with them means you keep a good communication with your suppliers or distributors whose information is crucial to your production and sales.Any information you gain from your client can be used to test the popularity of your products.Usually formal or official contact with your clients won’t give you much more opportunities to get the information you need.Personal contact however can be developed into a very useful contact since it can produce a sound environment in which you talk to your clients personally.And you can even get some information about your revival through personal contact which you can use to take the advantage in the competition.And of course you will know better what your clients think of your products and what they expect from you since most of your clients are reluctant to tell you because of the strict environment of formal contact.31.How to balance company growth with production capacity

A: in order to balance company growth with production capacity we must keep our production capacity at an appropriate level so that it can promote the growth of our company.If we pay too much attention to the development of production capacity while neglecting the possible harms it can cause we will have to face the stagnation in the grow of our company or the growth bubble which will eventually burst.If we accelerate our production capacity without any consideration of the current market demand or current situation of the company’s sales we will definitely increase our inventory which will cause the break of the cash flow.32.How to achieve and maintain high motivation among a workforce

A: first set up an incentive mechanism within the company to ensure that every highly-motivated employee is awarded.Second try to produce a healthy and sound environment within the company to ensure that every employee know the importance and benefit of keeping high motivation in his or her job.Third help very employee to plan his or her future career within the company to make them sure that they are paid close attention to by the company and they will have a better future if they stay with the company.33.The importance of training staff in how to use new technology when introducing it into the workplace

A: it is a very important step to train your staff in how to use the new technology.First of all most of your staff won’t be familiar with this technology since it is new and unless you train them they will spend much more time in getting used to it.Therefore your training is worthy in getting your staff to understand the new technology.Secondly you still won’t enjoy the high efficiency brought up by the new technology if you can’t achieve the perfect combination of your staff and the new technology which is only possible through training.The last but not the least you can improve your staff’s ability to harness the new technology through your training program and make them more confident in their work, which will definitely enhance the efficiency of your company.34.How to maintain good relationships with suppliers

A: first improve your cooperation with your supplier.It is not just a simple deal you make with your supplier.That is to say you should do your business with your supplier on the basis of equality mutual respect and mutual benefit.Second try to let your suppliers know that you are willing to establish the long-term relationship with them so that they are more confident with the current business with your company.Third it is your PR department’s job to communicate with your suppliers on the regular basis and enhance the friendly relationships between you and your suppliers.35.How to achieve a strong visual impact in advertising

A: first we should use an impressive and unique color design or slogan in our advertising.Each of them is expected to achieve strong visual impact which will make your advertisement a complete one-off.In addition, we can apply multi-media technology to our ad to achieve some special visual effects such as 3D animation.36.The importance of being able to cope with the stress in a job

A: as today’s businessmen we shoulder more and more responsibilities and experience more intensive stress which if not appropriately deal with will lead to mental fatigue or other mental illnesses or even worse the total breakdown.Therefore the ability to cope with the stress in our jobs is one of the most important skills we should acquire in today’s business world.Furthermore, we will inevitably encounter some stress in our daily work.Without appropriately dealing with these stresses we cannot continue our work in a normal way and the stagnation will appear to offset any achievement we have made in the previous work.

第四篇：中考作文常見話題

寫寫幫文秘助手(www.tmdps.cn)之中考作文常見話題大全

近幾年全國中考作文均為話題作文，這是因為話題作文既能很好地為考生創設便于自由發揮的寫作空間，又能綜合考查考生的語文基本功和創新能力，特別是考查考生的聯想、想像、描寫、抒情和論述等多種能力。那么，當今時代的話題作文中，熱點“話題”有哪些呢?

初中畢業生應該具備了一定的感悟能力，感悟人生的真諦對初中生來說意義重大。感悟人生，就要感悟生活、感悟生命、感悟快樂和幸福、感悟友情、感悟親情、感悟人格、感悟自我、感悟成敗等。因而，人的自控與他控、自尊與自愛、自信與自強、自戒與自省、自卑與自棄以及青春、快樂、幸福、人與人、正直、真誠、信任、信仰、機遇、人格、個性、毅力、從容、失敗、滿足與不滿足、奮進與競爭、堅忍與忍耐、追求與超越等等，都有可能成為中考作文的話題。

朝氣蓬勃的初中生，應該有五大追求：追求心中的太陽——理想，追求終身的財富——知識，追求生命的保護神——品格，追求人生的希望——完美，追求生活中的明燈——友情，那么，青春的路標、人生的目標、靈魂的坐標、真知的探索、美的體味與欣賞、美的創造與追求、人生貴相知、信仰和追求等等，都是很好的作文話題。

不少考生的中考作文選擇了書信體。書信體作文，一般地應對對方提出一些忠告。下列話題都可以成為“忠告”的話題：人生、認真、奮斗、成才、微笑、寬容、容納、回報、夢想、機遇、理智、品行、名聲、未來、善良、沉默、創造、苦樂、存在、良心、角色、比較、交友、激情、熱情、渴望、攀登、友誼、逢時、高雅、流言、諾言、后悔、美麗、朋友、樸素、關懷、勇氣、擁有、幫助、做人、待人、看人、相處、挫折、逃避、歲月、寄托、希望、支點、充實、時髦、頓悟、純潔、享受、獨處、普通、體驗、信譽、獨特、隱私、寧靜、距離、魅力、人緣、敬佩、平凡、價值、真心、真情、驕傲、坦然、愧疚、模仿、承諾、境界、自勉、批評、體諒、謙虛、完美……建議同學們在作文備考中加以思索，并盡可能練練筆。

續寫式作文也能很好地為考生創設便于自由發揮的寫作情境，同時還能與話題作文結合起來。如閱讀下列材料，完成兩道作文題：

一家事務所想購買一塊地皮，但被地皮的主人——一位性格倔強的孀居老太太一口拒絕。一個天寒地凍的下午，老太太恰好經過這家事務所的門前，她想順便勸總經理“死了這條心”。她推開門，發現里面收拾得十分整齊干凈。她覺得自己穿著臟木屐走進去很不合適。正猶豫不決時，一位年輕姑娘笑容滿面地迎上來。姑娘毫不猶豫地脫下自己的拖鞋給老太太穿，然后像親孫女一樣攙扶著老太太慢慢上樓。穿著帶有姑娘體溫的拖鞋，老太太……

(1)據文段續寫一篇300字的短文，使這個故事有一個結局。

(2)根據這個故事，以“愛心的力量”為話題，寫一篇800字左右的文章，題目自擬，文體自選。

上文對一些熱點“話題”進行了羅列，供同學們復習參考。鑒于同學們的中考復習已步入沖刺階段，筆者再挑出一批重點話題，請同學們也來個“重點”關注、思考。這些話題是：如果、成功者從不等待時機成熟、做時代的弄潮兒、敗給悲觀、讀懂失敗、今天我們該怎樣做學生、造就與迷失、“自信者強”與“自強者勝”、一念之間、抬起頭來做人、解讀幸福、善良是寶、道德建設、人生價值、與時俱進、簡單與平凡、爭取與放棄、進取與超越、忍耐與等待、偉大的人格、生命是一張畫布。

第五篇：話題作文常見錯誤

話題作文常見錯誤

學生寫話題作文，通常容易出現以下幾種跑題情況——

第一，對話題中的詞語或話題短語理解不準確或不全面。比如，把“誠信”理解成“信任”，把“和諧”理解成“團結”，把“堅韌”理解成“忍耐”，把話題“語言與溝通”理解為“做事必須從實際出發”，把“心靈的選擇”理解成單純的“選擇”，把“感情親疏和對事物的認知”理解成單純的“感情親疏”。第二，由話題一步步蔓延開去。他還是由話題寫起，但寫著寫著就偏離到另外的事情上去了。比如，有一個作文話題為“根”。有同學就寫“根”，樹根的根，那樹根的根它就跟樹干有關系，樹根它滋養了樹干啊，于是他就接著寫樹干了，說樹干如何如何筆直，如何如何有價值，可以做大梁，可以做枕木等等。還沒完，他接著寫，樹干它跟樹枝有關系啊，于是就又寫樹干上面的那個樹枝如何如何茂盛，那個樹枝上面的樹葉如何迎著風嘩啦嘩啦作響，那個小鳥也隨著樹葉一起歡唱??就這樣越寫越遠，然后寫到小鳥在蔚藍的天空自由地飛翔。他在寫什么呢？寫到天空上去了。而我們的話題是什么？是“根”。可他偏偏就這么一環套一環，套走了，走到不知哪座山上去了。

第三，畫蛇添足，使作文部分跑題。比如“感情親疏和對事物的認知”這個話題，有學生寫道：“一位母親來到幼兒園，她手里有一顆糖，只有一顆。她想，這顆糖應該給幼兒園最漂亮、最聰明的小朋友。這位母親觀察了半天，最后把這顆糖給了自己的兒子。事實上，她的兒子未見得是這個幼兒園最漂亮最聰明的。然而，相對來講，在情感上，這位母親對其他小朋友是疏的，對自己的兒子是親的，這種親疏關系影響到了她對事實的認知。”本來到這里就該收了，然而，他又生發出許多別的感慨：“可憐天下父母心啊，天下的父母，有誰不愛自己的孩子呢？當我們饑餓的時候，為我們送上雞蛋的是誰？是父母。當我們受凍的時候，為我們送上棉衣的是誰？是父母。作為子女，我們哪有理由不回報父母的養育之恩呢？”感情倒是很充沛，可是已經遠離了話題。

第四，文章和話題之間若即若離，懸在半空，沒落到實處。比如，以“位置”為話題，有個同學這樣寫道：“人活世上，演繹的角色不一樣。世人又何必站在墻外，跂腳仰望墻里的風花雪月，又何必徘徊門外側耳傾聽屋內的歡聲笑語？當你走進墻內，也許是一片腐朽與狼藉；當你走進門內，也許是一片凄厲哀吟。人啊，為何只看見袍子外表上的高貴，而看不見里面虱子爬過所留下的斑駁血跡？”這段話跟“位置”似乎是相關的，作者想要說的大概是，各人在社會上所處的位置不同，各個位置都有它自己的精彩，不必老是渴望別人的位置。但這樣的意思在文段中又沒有明確地表述出來。讀者完全可以把它理解成規勸人們要安分守己，或是要善于把握屬于自己的幸福等等。如果我們再在原文后面加上這樣一些話，它就跟“位置”緊密聯系起來了：“其實，我們不必艷羨和追求他人的位置，或許我們自身所處的位置就是一片樂土，只要我們以一顆平常、寬廣、憐愛、知足的心活在這個殘缺的世界上。”

第五，只從材料引申出觀點來，不顧話題本身。以2004年江蘇高考題為例。水有水的性格——靈動，山有山的性情——沉穩。水的靈動給人以聰慧，山的沉穩給人以敦厚。然而，靈動的海水卻常年保持著一色的蔚藍，沉穩的大山卻在四季中變化出不同的色彩。請以“水的靈動，山的沉穩”為話題，寫一篇文章。面對這個話題，有考生就從材料出發引申出這樣的觀點來：任何事物都存在對立統一的兩面。接著，他就展開來寫，人有長處也有短處，人生中有痛苦也有快樂，有災禍也有福祉，事物有大有小，有里有外，有善有惡，有明有暗，等等。這樣的文章不能說跟材料沒有關系，但它已經脫離了話題本身，給出的話題是“水的靈動，山的沉穩”。你可以寫事物都存在著對立統一的兩面，但這兩面只能是“靈動”和“沉穩”，不能是任何別的兩面。

再以2004年青海題為例。

一個富人去請教一位哲學家，為什么自己有錢以后很多人不喜歡他了。哲學家將他帶到窗前，說：“向外看，你看到了什么？”富人說：“我看到外面有很多人。”哲學家又將他帶到鏡子前，問：“現在你又看到了什么?”富人回答：“我自己。”哲學家一笑，說：“窗子和鏡子都是玻璃做的，區別只在于鏡子多了一層薄薄的水銀。但就是因為這一點銀子，便叫你只看到自己而看不到別人了。”請以“看到自己與看到別人”為話題，自定立意，自選文體，自擬標題，寫一篇不少于800字的文章。所寫內容必須在話題范圍之內。

面對這個話題，也有考生僅從材料出發，在文章中大談特談金錢對人的腐蝕和毒害，最后告誡人們在金錢面前一定要保持冷靜，樹立正確的金錢觀。而話題是什么？是“看到自己與看到別人”！顯然，該考生的文章已經偏離了話題。第六，在材料作文中，抓了枝葉，丟了主干。以2005年廣州二模作文第二題為例。

據《廣州日報》3月18日報道，稱提供建造海珠橋的鋼材的英國某企業向市政部門發來傳真，提醒海珠橋的鋼材已經有100年歷史，現已進入疲勞期，如繼續使用則建議進行疲勞測試，并根據測試結果進行加固。又據介紹，海珠橋一直都是廣州市工程安全質量監督的重點，已納入廣州市橋梁安全檢測網，橋梁上都設有數據采集點，進行24小時檢測。目前，市政部門正加緊制定疲勞測試方案。

這則報道給了你什么聯想？或你對此有什么看法？請寫一篇800字以上的文章，題目自擬，文體不限。

有部分同學以為像這種沒有明確給定一個話題的作文，只要從材料中任意一點引申開來都算符合要求。所以，有人就從材料中的“已經有100年歷史”這個信息點出發，寫100年前中國正處于滿清政府末期。那時政府無能，經濟衰頹，綱紀廢弛；而我們現在必須吸取歷史的教訓，奮力發展經濟，增強綜合競爭力，避免挨打。這種觀點顯然并不是這段材料的主要意旨。如果談責任心，談居安思危，談對生命的珍愛，就應該算是吻合材料的主要涵義了。還有人談鋼筋的作用，談橋梁的用途，這些也非常明顯地偏離了材料的中心意思，該算跑題作文。