第一篇：雅思寫作基礎詞匯

Peter 雅思寫作

雅思寫作基礎詞匯

加號詞匯

1offer a sense of …給予…感覺 2build up the experience積累經驗 3cut down the expenditure削減支出 4generate the opportunities創造機會 5meet the needs滿足需求 6promote the exchanges促進交流 7improve the skills

8enhance the development

9lay the foundation

10pave the way

11foster awareness

12cultivate the spirit

13master the skills

14widen the knowledge

15enrich the experience

16broaden the horizon

17realize the value of life

18overcome the difficulties

19grasp the opportunities

20remove the misunderstanding

21balance the work and family

22raise the living standard

23stimulate the imagination

24promote the integration

25dispel the conflict

26better the competence

27strengthen the relationship

28relieve the pressure

29establish the platform

30maintain the health

31make full use of

32stimulate the demands

33intensify the cooperation

34realize the dream

35achieve the goal

提高技能推動發展奠定基礎鋪平道路 培養意識 培養精神 掌握技術拓寬知識面豐富經歷拓寬視野實現人生價值克服困難抓住機遇消除誤解平衡事業與家庭提高生活水平激發想象力促進融合消除矛盾提高能力加強關系緩解壓力搭建平臺保持健康充分利用刺激需求加強合作實現夢想達到目標1

Peter 雅思寫作

36speed up the progress加速進程

37fulfill the duty履行職責

38improve the facility改善設施

39bring the benefits帶來利益

40protect the interests保護利益

減號詞匯

1impede the development阻礙發展

2lack a sense of …缺乏…感覺 3impose the pressure施加壓力

4mislead the children誤導孩子

5evade the responsibility逃避責任

6violate the rights侵犯自由7undermine the stability破壞穩定 8restrain the freedom限制自由 9arouse the resentment觸發怨恨 10break the rules破壞規矩 11trigger the dispute觸發糾紛12go astray誤入歧途 13undermine the culture破環文化 14endanger the safety威脅安全 15set a bad example to樹立壞的榜樣

16result in shortage of energy and natural resources17lead to the isolation導致疏遠

18bring the disgrace帶來恥辱

19suffer the loss遭受損失

20cause the illnesses導致疾病

21lack the infrastructure缺乏基礎設施 22break the equilibrium破環平衡

23waste the time浪費時間

24lead to the degradation導致惡化

25widen the gap擴大差距

26contaminate environment污染環境

27jeopardize the health危害健康

28deceive the people欺騙別人

29aggravate the traffic惡化交通

30pay the price付出代價

導致能源和自然資源的短缺 2

第二篇：雅思寫作高分詞匯

雅思寫作高分的取得并不是一件容易的事，大家需要掌握一定的寫作技巧，詞匯的應用就是最基礎的。下面為大家搜集整理了兩個關于詞匯應用方面的雅思寫作高分技巧，供大家在寫作備考的過程中進行適當的參考和借鑒。

詞匯語序不準確是導致大家不能拿到雅思寫作高分的重要因素。

因為中文和英文的敘述方式的不同，詞匯的搭配順序也有很大的區別，所以在雅思寫作中，常常會造成一些中式英語的文章，也就是說會寫一些完全按照中文語序逐字翻譯的錯句。這樣的語言表達會給考官閱讀帶來困難，會對句意理解出現分歧，如此一來，當然會大大影響作文的得分。

例如：“競爭合作意識”應當被翻成“the sense of competition and cooperation”。

許多考生在情急之下，往往會翻成“competition and cooperation sense”

這樣的表達一旦出現比例較高，便會給考官造成語言不地道的感覺，也就難以取得雅思寫作高分。想要掌握正確的詞匯的表達順序這個雅思寫作技巧，大家需要在備考雅思寫作的過程中接觸更多的英語讀物，形成英語寫作的思維。

書寫上存在簡寫或縮寫也是倒是大家不能拿到雅思寫作高分的因素。

很多考生在備考雅思寫作考試的時候，不能區分口語用詞和書面用詞的區別，以至于把一些不用在書面表達的方式用在了寫作上。口語與寫作的最大區別便是口語較隨意，而寫作比較嚴謹。為了凸顯作文的書面感，建議考生應盡量避免明顯的或者大量的簡寫和縮寫形式。一來可以讓卷面看起來更加清爽，二來也可以給考官留下認真嚴謹的好印象。

典型的易寫縮寫的表達有：

It’s 應該寫成it is

What’s more應該寫成what is more,Can’t應該寫成cannot

以上就是這兩個雅思寫作高分技巧的全部內容，包括了詞匯的語序和詞匯的簡寫和縮寫兩個部分。大家在自己的雅思寫作備考的過程中，一定要注意這兩個方面，只要不按照自己思考中文的思維方式來寫作，就能大大減少這些可能性了。

第三篇：雅思寫作高分詞匯

雅思寫作高分詞匯

1解決: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle

2損害： Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize

3給與：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford

4培養：：Develop, cultivate, foster

5優勢：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative認為：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced保護：Protect, conserve, preserve

11確保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge有害的： Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental要求 ：Request, demand, needs, requisition消除 ：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away導致： Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this增長至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascend to，jump to，shoot to

18降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to

19保持穩定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out急劇地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably

21平穩地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly宣稱：Allege, assert, declare, claim發生：Happen, occur, take place原因：Reason, factor, cause發展：Development, advance, progress有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous影響：Influence, impact, effect

28明顯的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear

29占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose

30與…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to

31對比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe 33 大約：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly

34波動：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation 35事實上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that

36換言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle

第四篇：雅思寫作分類詞匯

雅思寫作分類詞匯

Education 類詞匯

培養（某種素質）cultivate/ foster/ nurture(vts)促進學生身心發展 promote the student‘s physical, mental(或者用intellectual)and emotional development 心理健康 psychological soundness/ well-being/ welfare(nouns)

學習能力（先天就有的）aptitude/talent 學習能力

（后天學習到的）ability/ skill 學生接受的學校教育（名詞）schooling(noun)兒童接受的家庭教育（名詞）upbringing(noun)

給學生以動力give the students motivation to do something 或者 motivate(vt)the student to do something 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/ youths

傳授知識 impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge 灌輸高尚的道德觀念 instill(vt)high moral values(注以values 復數比試價值觀)給學生以靈感 stimulate the students;thought 或者 give the students inspiration 家長教育子女的方式（名詞）parenting/upbringing 教學法 teaching methodology/ pedagogical methodology

適應（動詞）adapt to do something/adjust oneself to do something/ become accustomed to do something 適應能力 adaptability

就業技能employable/ marketable skill 學生對老師所教授的知識的掌握 students‘ grasp/ command(nouns)of what has been taught 限制創造力的發展 extinguish(vt)/ stifle(vt)/ constrain(vt)creativity(noun)

打擊學生的積極性dampen/sap(vts)the students‘ enthusiasm 或者frustrate the students 產生不不要的壓力beget/ create undue pressure

塑造某人的性格 mould(BrE,vt)one‘s character

責任感 a sense of obligation

學生不應該只是被動的接收簡單知識的容器 student should not be treated as passive receptacles of predigested ideas.死記硬背 learn thing by rote.記憶方程式，公式，定理，定律 memorize equations, formulas, theorems and laws(nouns)

應用apply(vt)

盲從 follow something blindly/ indiscriminately（adv）

用填壓式教學教育學生 force-feed(vt)the students

來自于其他同學的壓力 peer pressure

獨立思考： think independently(adv)逆境 adverse circumstances /

團隊精神 team spirit(noun)在理解的基礎上學習learn things through understanding

鼓勵學生用辨證的眼光看問題 encourage students to think critically(adv)學生的反饋 students‘ feedback 或者students‘ input

學生評價老師的教學students appraise / evaluate their teachers‘ performance 課外活動 extra-curricular activity

學校是社會的縮影 A school is society in miniature 不遵守紀律（名詞）indiscipline/ misbehavior/ mischief(nouns)不遵守紀律的（形容詞）學生 disruptive/ unruly students 通才 generalist

專才 specialist

全面發展的well-rounded /versatile

理論知識theoretical knowledge

為社會健康發展做貢獻 contribute to societal well-being/welfare(注意這里welfare 不是―福利‖的意思)人文學科（文學、歷史、語言學等）humanities

社會科學（政治、經濟、社會學等）social sciences 藝術（音樂、雕塑等）arts

文科的總稱

liberal arts 或者liberal studies 理科（物理、化學、生物等）sciences

工科（工程，自動化等）engineering 大學里的任何一個學科都可以叫做一個discipline

基礎科學basic sciences

應用科學applied sciences

小學教育primary-level education

中學教育 secondary-level education 大學教育 tertiary-leveleducation

職業教育 vocational education/ training 青少年adolescents/ youngsters/youths Technology & media 詞匯

尖端的技術 cutting-edged(adj)technology

信息爆炸 information explosion/information overload 信息時代 the information age/ the information era 無聯網被廣泛的使用 the proliferation of the Internet

科技創新及發展 technological innovations/inventions/ advances/ progressions(nouns)提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)efficiency

提高生產效率 augment/ enhance/ boost(vts)productivity 減少人力的機器 labor-saving machinery 取代人力的機器 labor-replacing machinery

自動化 automation(noun)/ automated(adj)生物技術 biotechnology

克隆cloning(noun)clone(verb)

遠程通訊telecommunications(noun)

太空探索（名詞）space exploration 人的基因構成 one‘s genetic makeup/ one‘s DNA programming

實事current affairs

新聞界 the press

印刷媒體（如報紙、雜志）the print media

報道新聞的機構 news outlets

電子媒體 the electronic media

無處不在的 prevalent/ubiquitous/ pervasive 審查 censor

刪除 delete/eliminate/ excise(vts)過多的暴力與色情內容excessive/ gratuitous violent and pornographic contents 有誤導性的 misleading/ misrepresented/ distorted

詐騙性的 fraudulent

虛假的false/ bogus

報道非常詳細的細節 report something in graphic detail 媒體炒作 media hype

夸大事實 exaggerate things/ blow things out of all proportion(最后一個口語化說法，但作文也可用)客觀公正的 objective and balanced

揭露 expose/reveal 侵犯隱私 violate/intrude on/ infringe on /someone ? s privacy 毀壞某人的名譽tarnish/sully/smear/besmirch one‘s reputation 名人 a celebrity/ celebrities(plural)

丑聞 scandals

掩蓋（丑聞或罪行等）cover up/gloss over/whitewash 不客觀的，不公正的 biased/skewed/unobjective

如實描寫 factual accounts

可信的reliable/trustworthy/dependable

及時的 up-to-date/ up-to –the-minute（后者比前者更及時）信息量大的 informative

娛樂性強的 entertaining

有新聞價值 newsworthy

道德準則 code of ethic 或者code of conduct Tourism 類詞匯

旅游景點 tourist attraction/ spots/ places of interest

開闊眼界 broaden one‘s horizon 游客與當地人互動Tourists can interact with the locals

促進文化交流 promote cultural communication

親身體驗（名詞）first-hand experience(noun)吸引 draw/ attract/ appeal to(vts)/ be a magnet for somebody 多種感觀體驗的（如聽覺、觸覺等）multi-sensory(adj)

沖突 conflict(noun, vi+with)

爭端 discord/ dissension 把游客和當地人隔絕 seclude / isolate(vts)the tourists from the locals

商業化commercialize/ commodify（vts）

欺騙游客的手段 tourist traps 間接體驗（比如通過電視或者互聯網，名詞）second-hand experience/ vicarious experience

文化遺產cultural heritage

互聯網不會讓旅游業過時The Internet will not render tourism Government 類詞匯

當局 authorities

老百姓 citizens/ the citizenry(全體公民，不可數)

規范，管理regulate/ administer/ oversee(vts)

實施implement

立法 legislate/make laws

嚴禁strictly prohibit/ ban altogether

嚴格的法律 stringent laws/ legislation

監督scrutiny(noun)/ scrutinize(vt)/ monitor(vt)為…撥款 allocate money to subsidize(vt)/ be a patron of / invest in/finance(vt)/ fund(vt)dedicate money to something

預算budget

稅收tax revenue

削減curtail 政府在某方面的開支 the government spending/ expenditure on something

增加augment

責任obligation/ responsibility 當務之急 priority

把…當成當務之急 give priority to something.軍備競賽 arms race

自衛 self-defense

國土安全 national security/ homeland security

缺乏遠見的政策 short-sighted policy 擴張 expansion/ aggression

謀求霸權 seek/pursue(vts)hegemony 惡性循環 a vicious circle

地區不穩定因素 destabilizing factor 規章制度 rules and regulations

太空競賽 space race

武器 arms/ weapons/ armaments

下崗工人 lay-off workers/downsize workers

失業 unemployment/ joblessness

基礎設施infrastructure—比如public transport system 公共交通系統，power grid

電網pipelines

給排水系統等water supply and drainage system

民主與開放的政府 a democratic and progressive government Animals 類詞匯

動物權益保護主義者 animal rights activists

醫學研究 medical research 殘忍的cruel/merciless/ inhuman/ callous/ brutal

活體解剖 vivisection

麻醉anaesthetic

減輕動物的痛苦 alleviate/ ease animals‘ pain 寵物是主人的伙伴 pets are companions of their masters

偷獵poach(vi,vt)/poaching(noun)給主人心理安慰 afford their masters consolation and comfort

某一種事物是沒有替代物的 there are no replacement/ substitutes/ alternatives(單數則去掉s)for something.Language & Culture 必備詞匯

一種可以通用的語言（比如英語）a lingua franca /a universal language/ a global language 英語的廣泛應用 the proliferation of English

英語的統治地位 the dominant role/ the ascendancy / the hegemony of English 方言 dialect/vernacular/the indigenous language

小語種將會消亡 Lesser-known language will become extinct/obsolete 小語種的消亡 the extinction/ demise of lesser-known languages 文化遺產包括有形跟無形兩種，有形的入歷史遺跡，無形的入風俗，儀式，傳統道德觀念等

Cultural heritage can be divided into two groups, tangible cultural heritage, such as historic sites and intangible heritage, such as customs, rites, rituals and mores, etc.保護 preserve

祖先 forefathers/ ancestors 后代 descendants/posterity(后一個是不可數名詞)

少數民族 ethnic minorities 民族團結 the harmony between ethnic group/ race

文化融合 cultural integration and synthesis 相互影響 interaction

文化多元性 cultural diversity 狹隘的觀念 insular/provincial/parochial mentality

豐富 enrich 貶低 deprecated/ denigrate/minimize the importance of /disparage/discredit 某事不是一成不變的 something is not set/carved in stone Development類常用詞匯

生活節奏加速 the tempo/pace of life has accelerated

疲勞 fatigue 導致人與人的疏遠create alienation between people

交通堵塞 traffic 過于功利的 materialistic/ mercenary/money-worshipping

扶貧poverty alleviation 追求最大限度利潤 pursue maximum profit jams/traffic congestions/grid block(最后一個是不可數名詞)

阻礙impede/ hinder/hamper/obstruct/inhibit(vts)

富裕的 affluent/ wealthy/ well-off 就業機會 job opportunity/employment opportunity 貧窮的needy/ poverty-stricken/ deprived/destitute

撞車car wrecks/ car accidents

行人pedestrians 交通肇事者 traffic accident perpetrators

特殊審美價值的老房子 old buildings of special aesthetic values(注意審美觀的英文說法是 aesthetic values 復數)有歷史特殊意義的老房子 buildings of historic significance

民居 vernacular dwellings 讓城市更美觀 beautify the cities/ better the cityscape

摩天樓skyscrapers 破舊的房子 decrepit/rundown/rickety/dilapidated

搬遷 relocate(vi,vt)拆除tear down a building/demolish a building/raze a building/ knock down a building

城鄉差距the disparity between the city and countryside

城市化 urbanization

城市的 urban

鄉村的 rural

在家上班（動詞）telecommute

休閑leisure/recreation

精神上的享受 amusement and enjoyment

娛樂 entertainment/diversion 寬松的管理laissez-faire management

雇用 recruit 運營成本 operating costs/overhead costs

會導致效率降低的counterproductive 勞動力資源 labor pool

抑郁癥 depression

失眠 sleeplessness/sleep-deprivation/insomnia

愛慕虛榮的 pretentious/ ostentatious 人口爆炸population explosion/population boom

營養過剩 over nourishment 控制人口birth control/family planning

缺少運動的生活方式 sedentary lifestyle Environment 類常用詞匯

生態平衡 ecological balance / ecological equilibrium

節約使用 conserve(vt)可持續發展 sustainable development

再利用（動詞）reuse/recycle 環保主義者 environmentalists/ conservationists

保護preserve 對環境無害的environmentally-friendly

污染pollute/ contaminate 必須攜手解決環境問題： must make a concerted effort resolve/address environmental problems.破壞自然資源 wreak havoc on natural resources

短缺 shortage/ scarcity/ dearth/ lack 增強公眾關于…的意識 raise the public awareness of something

毒的 poisonous/ toxic 給資源造成很大壓力 put a strain on the already stretched resource

增加農產品產量 boost crop yield

可再生資源 renewable resource

不可再生資源non-renewable resource(金屬metal, 礦產 minerals, 石油 petroleum, 天然氣natural gas, 煤coal 等，后三種可以總稱為fossil fuels)

消耗（某種資源）consume/deplete 用盡 use up/ exhaust

嚴厲的措施 harsh action/ measures 生態系統 ecosystem/ ecological system

生物多樣性 biodiversity 某一地區所有的生物的總稱 the wildlife in a region/the biota(=flora + fauna)of a region 污水effluent/sewage

排放discharge

溫室效應 greenhouse effect /global warming

嚴重的severe /grave

白色污染產生的垃圾 non-biodegradable garbage / wastes that cannot decompose or break down/ inorganic trash 譴責而不是縱容 condemn rather than condone(vts)something

臭氧層ozone layer

耕地 arable land/ farmland 肥沃的土壤 fertile soil

貧瘠的土壤infertile soil Crime 類常用詞匯

觸犯法律 break/ violate/ flout/ disobey the law

犯罪 commit a crime

罪行offences/crimes/ criminal acts

罪犯 criminal/ offender/ perpetrator 從犯 accomplice /accessory(noun)

囚犯 inmate/convicts 憎恨社會 resent society/ hold a grudge against society

牢房cell 受害者 victim

心理創傷 trauma 被繩之以法be brought to justice

監禁 imprison

寬容的 lenient

執法部門 law enforcement 改造罪犯 reform/ rehabilitate criminals agencies

重罪 heinous crime/ flagitious crime/ felony

輕罪 petty crime /misdemeanor

初犯的人 first-time offender

慣犯 hardened criminals/ repeat criminals

再次犯罪revert to crime

守法的公民 law-abiding citizens

遵守法律 abide by/ comply with the law

無視… disregard

給某人造成心理創傷 traumatize someone

抓捕 track down/ hunt down/ capture 犯罪傾向 criminal tendency Globalization 類常用詞匯

(一個國家或者地區的)文化特性（national or regional）cultural identity

全球文化同一化過程（名詞，即地區文化特征的消失）global cultural homogenization 文化同一性（或者叫文化均質性，名詞）cultural homogeneity/cultural uniformity 全球化是一把雙刃劍Globalization is a two-edge sword.Women & Family 類常用詞匯

兩性平等 gender equality

性別歧視 sexism/ gender discrimination 一個開明的社會a progressive/ enlightened society 被家務事拖累 be tied down by household chores 生育孩子 child bearing(noun)

撫養孩子 child rearing(noun)母性的本能 maternal instinct

家務 housework / household chores 老年人 elderly people/ senior citizens

家庭成員間的情感紐帶 family bonds/ family ties

歸屬感 a sense of belonging

對…的依戀 an attachment to an affinity for something 貧窮的家庭 deprived families

富裕的家庭 affluent families 單親家庭 single-parent household

虐待 mistreat/ abuse

家庭暴力 domestic violence

毒品上癮 addiction to drugs/ be addicted to drugs

第五篇：雅思寫作話題詞匯(全)

雅思寫作話題分類詞匯

教育與學業

考試頻率：★★★★★

Education and study 教育與學業

1、Teaching methods 教學方法

7、Generation gap 代溝

2、Educational facilities 教育設施

8、Adolescents’/Teenagers’ problems 青少年問題

3、Academic subjects 學校科目

9、Studying abroad 留學話題

4、Computer and learning(teaching)電腦與學習（教學）

10、Taking a part-time job 兼職工作

5、Personal development 個人發展

11、Parents’/Teachers’ responsibilities 父母/教師責任

6、Physical and mental growth 身心成長

12、Functions/tuition of university 大學功能/學費

真題重現

In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects.What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed?

Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as a good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.scope of knowledge 知識面 2.lighten the burden of 減輕了…的負擔

3.comprehensive knowledge 廣博的知識 4.long-distance education 遠程教育 5.enrich the teaching method 豐富教育手段

6.teachingpedagogical methodology 教學方法

7.schooling 學校教育 parenting、upbringing 家庭教育 8.impartinculcate knowledge 傳授知識

9.multi-media teaching 多媒體教學 10.vocational education 職業教育 11.down-to-earth, practical 切合實際的 12.enlightening 予以人啟迪的 13.perplexing 令人困惑的

14.the cultural diversity 文化的多元性 15.insightful 富有洞察力的,有深刻見解的 16.undertake the due obligations 承擔責任 17.exam-oriented education 應試教育

18.develop our creative mind 培養我們創造性思維 19.widen one’s knowledge 拓展知識面 20.realize the value of life 實現生命價值 21.grasp good communication skills 掌握良好交流技能 22.cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培養了強 烈的責任感

23.cultivate logical thinking 培養邏輯思維 24.rote learning、learn things by rote 死記硬背

25.cultivate，foster，nurture 培養

26.promote the student’s physical, mental intellectual and emotional development 促進學生身心發展 27.psychological soundnesswell-being 心理健康28.aptitude，talent 學習能力（先天）29.ability，skill 學習能力（后天）30.tap one’s potential 挖掘某人的潛能

31.go astray 誤入歧途;indiscipline、misbehavior、mischief 不 遵 守 紀 律;disruptive students、unruly students 違反紀律的學生;commit crimes 犯罪 32.theoretical knowledge 理 論 知 識;practical knowledge 實踐知識 33.university education 大學教育;vocational education

職 業 教 育;primary-level education 小 學 教育;secondary-level education 中學教育

youngsters、adolescents 青少年 35.develop linguistic skills 培養語言技能 36.comprehensive knowledge 全面的知識 37.face-to-face communication 面對面交流 38.stimulate one’s interest 激發了…的興趣 39.increase efficiency 提高效率

40.enrich the teaching and learning methods 豐富了教學手段

41.be fully aware of…充分意識到…

科學與技術

考試頻率：★★★★★

Science and Technology 科學與技術

1、Technological 科技產品

7、Medical advancement 醫學進步

2、Information technology 信息與技術

8、Technology VS.arts 科技與藝術

3、Discoveries and inventions 發現與創造

9、Animal experiments 動物實驗

4、Science VS.culture 科學與文化

10、Space research 太空研究

5、High-tech entertainment 高科技娛樂

11、Extending human life 延長壽命

6、Producing contaminants/resources 制造污染/資源

12、Genetically modified food 轉基因食品

真題重現

With computer technology becoming cheaper and more accessible, more adults work from home and more children study from home.Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers.What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?

分類詞匯加油站

1.exert a far-reaching impact on 產生一種深遠的影響

2.cutting-edge technology 尖端科技 information explosionoverload 信息爆炸 depletion of resources 能源消耗

5.sophisticated equipment 尖端設備

6.technical innovation 科技創新

7.enhanceaugmentboost the efficiency 提高效率

8.the proliferation of Internet 互聯網的廣泛使用

9.technological innovations 科技創新及發展 10.labor-saving 省力的 labor-replacing 代替人力的

11.biotechnology 生物技術

12.a fatal breakdown 致命故障

13.potential hazards 潛在危險

14.pose a threat to…對…有一種威脅

15.promote relative industries 促進相關產業發展

16.accelerate 加速…

17.transportation tools 交通工具

18.environmentally-friendly resources 環保的能源

19alternative fuel 可替代燃料

20.sustainable development 可持續性發展

21.scientific exploration 科學探索

22.substitute 取代

23.overcome difficulties 克服困難

24.unprecedented 前所未有的

25.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性進展

26.aggravate 使惡化

27.levy the tax 征稅

28.be viewed as …被視為是…

29.be concerned about …對…擔憂/關注…

30.pollution-free fuel 無污染燃料

31.luxury 奢侈品

32.chronic lead poisoning 慢性鉛中毒

33.lay more emphasis on…把重心放在…

34.settle down effective laws 制定出積極有效的法律

35.Impose restrictions on …對…實施限制

36.short-sighted 目光短淺的

37.non-renewable resources 不可再生資源 38.telecommunications 遠程通信 39.a pillar industry 支柱產業 40.make full use of …充分利用

41.speed limits 限速

42.enhance the quality of life 提高生活質量

43.pay a heavy price 付出慘痛的代價

44.call for …需要…

45.overcrowded 過度擁擠的

46.headache 令人頭痛的事

47.traffic accidents 交通事故

48.head-way 進展

49.conflict with …與…相沖突

50.major cause 主要原因

傳媒與網絡考試頻率：★★★★

Media and the Internet 傳媒與網絡

1、TV and learning 電視與學習

7、Internet shopping 網絡購物

2、Computer games 電腦游戲

8、Computer illiteracy 電腦文盲

3、Online communication 網絡交際

9、Media and consumption 傳媒與消費

4、Computers VS.teachers 電腦與老師

10、Children and advertising 兒童與廣告

5、Nature of journalism 新聞本質

11、Global VS.local 全球與本地

6、Media and crime 傳媒與犯罪

12、Virtuality and isolation 虛擬與孤獨

真題重現

We are surrounded by all kinds of advertising, which significantly influence our lives.Do the positive effects of advertising outweigh its negative effects?

Some think that computer games are dangerous for children in every way;others think that computer games help children’s development.Discuss both views and give your opinion

分類詞匯加油站

1.paparazzi 狗仔隊 27.sitcom 情景喜劇

2.mass media 大眾媒體 28.soap opera 肥皂劇 3.entertainment 娛樂 29.affair 緋聞 4.journalism 新聞業 30.celebrity 名人

5.the latest news 最新消息 31.rise to fame 聲名鵲起

6.exclusive news 獨家新聞 32.invade one's privacy 侵擾了…的隱私

7.endanger social stability and safety 危害社會穩 33.misleading 誤導性的 定和安全 34.cheating 欺騙性的

8.news agency 新聞社 35.popularity 知名度 9.news block-out 新聞封鎖 36.scandal 丑聞

10.news censorship 新聞審查 37.sensational 轟動的

11.freedom of the press 新聞自由 38.prevalent 普遍的、流行的 12.coverage 新聞報道 39.imperative 重要的、必要的

13.do reportage on … 報導… 40.audience ratings 收視率 14.hit the headlines 上頭條 41.propaganda 宣傳 15.issue 出版、發行 42.be abducted by 受…誘導 16.newsstand 報攤 43.purify one's soul 凈化心靈 17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 44.live in virtual would 生活在一個虛擬世界中 18.chief editor 總編 45.be a great comfort to somebody 對…來說是 19.editorial 社論 一個巨大安慰 20.newsworthy 值得報道的 46.meet different tastes 滿足不同口味 21.barometer 晴雨表 47.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐時尚

22.the barometer of public opinion 輿論晴雨表 48.be inconceivable to somebody 對來說是難以

23.live broadcast 直播 想象的 24.quiz show 智力競爭節目 49.impressive 給人印象深刻的 25.right to know 知情權 50.in the disguise of … 打著…的幌子 26.variety show 綜合節目

國家與政府考試頻率：★★★★

Nation and government 國家與政府

1、Government’s responsibility 政府職責

7、Funding arts 資助藝術

2、Educational policy 教育政策

8、Healthcare system 醫療福利體系

3、Assisting poor countries 幫助貧困國家

9、Housing shortage 住房問題

4、Measuring a country’s success 成功國家標準

10、Legal system 司法體系

5、Financially-aiding sports 體育投資

11、Space research 太空研究

6、Developing public transport 發展公共交通

12、Military defense 軍事防御

真題重現 Some people think that government should only spend money on the construction of public services rather than waste on the arts such as music and painting.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

The number of people who watch foreign films is much more than people who watch local films, describ the reasons and should the government provide financial support to the local film industries

分類詞匯加油站

1.unemployment；joblessness 失業 2.infrastructure 基礎設施

3.social security 社會保障 4.medical care system 醫療保健 5.public transportation 公共交通 6.public service 公共服務 7.essential sectors 關鍵行業 8.non-essential sectors 非緊要行業 9.private sector 私人企業 10.general interest 公眾利益 11.welfare 福利

12.financial assistance 經濟援助 13.shake offget rid of poverty 擺脫貧窮 14.authorities 當局

15.citizens;the citizenry 老百姓 16.regulate;administe;oversee 規范，管理 17.implement 實施

18.legislate;make laws 立法 19.strictly prohibit;ban altogether 嚴禁

20.stringent laws/legislation 嚴格的法律 21.scrutiny(n.);scrutinize(v.)monitor(v.)監督

22.allocate money to sth;be a patron of;invest in;fund;dedicate money to sth.為……撥款

23.budget(n.)預算 24.tax revenue 稅收

25.the government spending/expenditure on sth.政府

開支

26.curtail 削減 27.augment 增加

28.give priority to sth.把當作當務之急 29.responsibility;obligation 責任 30.arms race 軍備競賽 31.self-defense 自衛

32.national security;homeland security 國土安全 33.short-sighted policy 缺乏遠見的政策 34.expansion(n.)aggression(n.)擴張 35.seekpursue hegemony 謀求霸權

36.a vicious circle 惡性循環 37.destabilizing factors 地區不穩定因素 38.rules and regulations 規章制度 39.space race 太空競賽

40.arms(n.)weapons(n.)armaments(n.)武器 41.laid-off workers;downsized workers 下崗工人 42.power grid 電網

43.democratic 民主的 democracy 民主

44.民主與開明的政府 a democratic and progressive government

生活與城市考試頻率：★★★

Life and city 生活與城市

1、Life-altering inventions 發明改變生活

7、Keeping pets in cities 城市養寵物

2、Police and guns 警察佩戴槍支

8、Lifestyle decisions 生活方式

3、Relocation of enterprises 企業搬遷

9、Money VS.happiness 金錢與幸福

4、Housing problems 住房問題

10、Teenagers VS.adults 青少年與成年人

5、Protecting people’s privacy 保護隱私

11、Fast-paced modern life 現代快節奏生活

6、Popularity of fast foods 快餐現象

12、City plan 城市布局

真題重現

Some people think that a police force carrying guns can educate higher level of volience.to what extent do you agree or disagree？

In many cities, planners have separated schools, homes, shops, offices in specific areas which were widely separated from each other.Do you think advantages of this policy overweigh disadvantages to the city residents?

分類詞匯加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 從長遠角度而言 5.infrastructure 基礎設施 6.booming 繁榮發展的

7.tertiary industry 第三產業 9.revenue 稅收 10.commercialization 商業化 11.traffic congestion 交通擁擠 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 環境污染 14.over-industrialization 過度工業化 15.over-crowdedness 過度擁擠 16.unemployment 失業

17.wealth distribution 財富分配 18.social instability 社會動蕩 19.urban construction 城市建設 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和資源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就業機會 24.a rapid pace of life 快節奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 與壓力有關的疾病 26.high cost of living 高額生活費用

27.pastoral life 田園生活

28.class polarization 階級兩極分化 29.social welfare 社會福利

30.give special care to … 給予…特殊關照 31.urban sprawl 城市擴張

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的醫療服務 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活壓力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔爐

37.on the brink of … 處于…邊緣 38.pollutant 污染性物質 39.waste disposal 廢物處理 40.put the blame on … 歸咎于… 41.be attributable to … 歸因為…

42.ways of consumption 消費方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大損失 44.citizen 居民

45.be confronted with… 面臨著… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 惡性循環

48.a feasible measure 一種可行的措施 49.give priority to … 優先考慮… 50.city planners 城市規劃

工作與職業考試頻率：★★★

Career and occupation 工作與職業

1、Interpersonal skills 人際交流技能

7、Changing jobs/careers 跳槽與工作改變

2、Stress management 減壓

8、Part-time positions 兼職工作

3、Safty and health hazards 安全及健康危害

9、Graduate unemployment 畢業生失業

4、Telecommuting 遠程辦公

10、Work vs.family 工作與家庭

5、Women at workplace 女性參加工作

11、Qualification vs.experience 資歷與經驗

6、Job satisfaction 工作的滿意度

12、Working in rural areas 去鄉村工作

真題重現

Some people think that people working at home can benefit the employees a lot, not the employers.To what extent do you agree or disagree？

Nowadays, many people change their jobs frequently, some believe it is good for their development while others hold different opinions.What is your opinion?

分類詞匯加油站

1.the tempopace of life has increased 生活節奏加速 2.social settings 社會環境

3.religious belief 宗教信仰 4.educational level 教育程度 5.a sense of belonging 歸屬感

6.sedentary lifestyle 缺少運動的生活方式 7.live a high-pressured and fast-paced lifestyle 高壓力

和快節奏的生活方式

8.nurture a good state of mind 養成良好的心態 9.block out worries 爭取減少憂慮 10.balance work and family平衡工作和生活

11.a means of self-expression 自我表達的一種方式 12.follow blindly 盲目追求 13.root in daily life 源于生活 14.over nourishment 營養過剩

15.create alienation between people 人與人之間疏遠16.money-worshiping、mercenary、materialistic 過于 功利的

17.pursue maximum profit 追求最大限度利潤 18.poverty alleviation 扶貧

19.job opportunity、employment opportunity 就業機會 20.promotion opportunity 提升機會 21.switching jobs、job-hopping 換工作跳槽 22.acquire a wide array of skills 發展多種技能 23.lack of self-motivation 缺乏動力 24.directionlessaimless 沒有目標 25.egoism 利己主義altruism 利他主義 26.soothe the soul平緩情緒

27.utilised as a form of propaganda 用做一種宣傳手段 28.enrich cultural life 豐富文化生活 29.enhance the quality of life 提高生活質量 30.conform the existing rules 墨守成規 31.satisfied with material comforts 滿足于物質 32.spiritual needs 精神享受

33.achieve a balance between work and pleasure 勞

逸結合

34.time-conscious people 時間觀念很強的人35.impoverished、destitute、indigent 貧窮的36.affluent、wealthy、well-off 富裕的 37.urban 城市的 rural 鄉村的 38.urbanization 城市化

39.the disparity between the city and the countryside 城鄉差距

40.relocate 搬遷 41.telecommute 在家上班

42.leisure、recreation、entertainment 休閑、娛樂 43.laissez-faire management 寬松的管理 44.operating costs、overhead costs 運營成本 45.labor pool 勞動力資源

46.depression 抑郁癥/insomnia 失眠癥 47.population explosion 人口爆炸 48.gender equality 兩性平等

49.gender discrimination、sexism 性別歧視 50.child bearing 生育孩子/child rearing 撫養孩子 51.elderly people、senior citizens 老年人 52.family bondsties 家庭成員間的情感紐帶

語言與文化考試頻率：★★

Language and culture 語言與文化

1、Language and age 語言與年齡

7、Tourism and culture 旅游與文化

2、Learning a foreign language 學習外語

8、Pressing local culture 保護本地文化

3、International language 國際語言

9、Traditional architecture 傳統建筑

4、Dominance of English 英語的主導地位

10、Cultural facilities 文化設施

5、Assisting artists 資助藝術

11、Culture vs business 文化與貿易

6、Cultural gap 文化差距

12、Working overseas 海外工作

真題重現

Some people think that international tourism has brought great benefit to the world’s economy, some others hold that it ruin the culture and the ecosystem.Discuss both and give your opinion.In some cities, the old buildings are replaced by many modern buildings.Some people think it brings more disadvantages.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.tourist attractions、tourist spots、places of interest

旅游景點

2.maitain、protect、preserve(v.)保護3.forefathers、ancestors 祖先 4.descendants 后代

5.ethnic minorities 少數民族

6.the harmony between ethnic groups/races 民族團結 7.cultural diversity 文化融合 8.interaction 互相影響 9.cultural diversity 文化多元性

10.insular/provincial/parochial mentality 狹隘的觀念 11.deprecate/denigrate/minimize the importance of 貶 低

12.push back/expand one’s vision/ horizons 開闊眼界

13.promote cultural communication 促進文化交流 14.draw/attract/appeal to/ be a magnet for sb.吸引 15.first-hand experience 親身體驗

second-hand experience/vicarious experience 間接體

驗

16.multi-sensory 多種感官體驗的 17.conflict 沖突 18.discord/dissension 爭端

19.isolate the tourist from the locals 把游客和當地人隔

離

20.commercialize 商業化 21.cultural heritage 文化遺產

22.the Internet will not render tourism obsoletes 互聯

網不會讓旅游業過時

環境與生態考試頻率：★★★★ Environment and ecology 環境與生態

1、Environmental pollution 環境污染

7、Awareness raising 環保意識提高

2、Ecotourism 生態旅游

8、Transport and environment 交通與環境

3、Curbing car-using 限制汽車使用

9、International cooperation 國際合作（環境）

4、Endangered species 瀕臨滅絕物種

10、Sustainable development 可持續發展

5、Throw-away society 浪費型社會

11、Agriculture and ecology 農業與生態

6、Environmental improvement 環境改善

12、Biodiversity 生物多樣性

真題重現

Many people hold that only international cooperation can solve the environmental problems, single person or country can not deal with such big problem.To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Some people think it is not necessary to invest money on protecting the wild animals.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.ecosystemecological system 生態系統 2.cological balanceequilibrium 生態平衡 3.sustainable development 可持續發展 4.biodiversity 生物的多樣性 5.environmentalistsconservationists 環 保 主 義 者 animal right activists 動物權益保護主義者6.environmentally-friendly（adj.）對環境無害的 7.conservation 節約

8.recyclereuse(v.)再利用 10.benefit from 從中受益

11.enhanceelevateraise the public awareness of …

增強公眾的……意識

12.put forward valuable suggestions 提出寶貴建議13.shortagescarcitydearthlack（n.）短缺 14.participate in the reconstruction of the city 參與城市 重建

15.raise the environmental management level 提高環境管理水平16.create a pleasant ecological environment 創造出一

種和諧的生態環境

17.give priority to 優先關注

18.catch much attention 引起很大關注 19.deforestation(n.)砍伐森林 20.greenhouse effect、global warming 溫室效應 21.discharge effluentsewage 排放污水 22.non-biodegradable garbage、inorganic trash 白色污染產生的垃圾/bio-degradable plastic bags 可降解一次性塑料袋

23.afford their masters consolation and comfort 給主人

心理安慰

24.infertile soil 貧瘠的土壤 25.fertile soil 肥沃的土壤 26.arable land、farmland 耕地 27.pollutecontaminate(v.)污染 28.poisonoustoxic(adj.)有毒的

29.consumedeplete(v.)消耗(某種資源)30.use upexhaust（v.）用盡(某種資源)31.harsh measuresactions 嚴厲措施

32.condemn rather than condone sth.譴責而不是縱容 33.combat desertification 防治荒漠化

34.curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 治理環境污染 35.industrial solid wastes 工業固體廢物

36.organic pollutions 有機污染物 37.environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 生 態農業

38.water resource conservation zone 水資源保護區 39.establish nature reserve 建立自然保護區 40.endangered wildlife 瀕危野生動物

41.medical research 醫學研究 42.cruelmercilessinhumancallousbrutal 殘忍的 43.vivisection 活體解剖

44.easealleviaterelieve animals’ pain 減輕動物的痛苦

個人與社會考試頻率：★★★

Individual and society 個人與社會

1、Personal health 個人健康

7、Stressful life 壓力生活

2、Age of machine 機器時代

8、Healthcare and education 醫療與教育

3、Social responsibility 社會責任

9、Environmental responsibility 環保責任

4、Money and happiness 金錢與幸福

10、Disasters and violence 災難與暴力

5、Saving for retirement 養老儲蓄

11、Housing problems 住房問題

6、Team activities 團隊活動

12、Law and order 法律與秩序

真題重現

Many people are busy with work and have less time to spend with families and friends.Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?

Some people say that it is the responsibility of individuals to save money for their own care after they retire.Do you agree or disagree?

分類詞匯加油站

1.urbanization 城市化

2.centralization 集中化 3.imbalance 不平衡 4.in the long run 從長遠角度而言 5.infrastructure 基礎設施 6.booming 繁榮發展的

7.tertiary industry 第三產業 9.revenue 稅收 10.commercialization 商業化 11.traffic congestion 交通擁擠 12.water scarcity 水短缺

13.the environmental pollution 環境污染 14.over-industrialization 過度工業化 15.over-crowdedness 過度擁擠 16.unemployment 失業

17.wealth distribution 財富分配 18.social instability 社會動蕩 19.urban construction 城市建設 20.population explosion 人口激增 21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升

22.drain of energy and resources 能源和資源消耗 23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就業機會 24.a rapid pace of life 快節奏生活

25.stress-related illnesses 與壓力有關的疾病 26.high cost of living 高額生活費用

27.pastoral life 田園生活

28.class polarization 階級兩極分化 29.social welfare 社會福利

30.give special care to … 給予…特殊關照 31.urban sprawl 城市擴張

32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具 33.better medical services 更好的醫療服務 34.pressure of modern life in city 城市生活壓力 35.be vulnerable to … 易于患上…

36.melting pot 熔爐

37.on the brink of … 處于…邊緣 38.pollutant 污染性物質 39.waste disposal 廢物處理 40.put the blame on … 歸咎于… 41.be attributable to … 歸因為…

42.ways of consumption 消費方式 43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大損失 44.citizen 居民 45.be confronted with… 面臨著… 46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪 47.vicious cycle 惡性循環

48.a feasible measure 一種可行的措施 49.give priority to … 優先考慮… 50.city planners 城市規劃

能源與交通考試頻率：★★★

Energy and Transportation 能源與交通

1、Public transport expansion 發展公共交通

7、Food export 食品出口

2、Increasing private cars 私家車增多

8、Space travelling 太空旅游

3、Traffic congestion 交通擁堵

9、Producing pollution 制造污染

4、Road security 道路安全

10、Cheap flight 低價飛行

5、Water scarcity 水源短缺

11、Resource consumption 能源消耗

6、Overuse of fuel 燃料過度使用

12、International tourism 國際旅游

真題重現

In some countries, air travel has become a much cheaper form of transport than in the past.Is this a positive or negative trend?

The number of cars in many large cities is increasing significantly nowadays.What are the problems it may bring? How to solve this problem?

分類詞匯加油站

1.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善

城市基礎設施建設

2.implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定嚴

格的汽車排放標準

3.reduce waste 減少浪費

4.eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除貧窮落后 5.prevent and control pollution 預防和控制污染 6.reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加強水土 保護

7.keep ecological balance 維護生態平衡

8.adopt environmental protection technique 環保技術 9.strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加強監督和 管理

10.enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干預

性措施

11.promote legislative regulations 促進立法管理 12.establish and perfect the social security system 建

立和完善社會的安全體系

13.impose some restrictions on 對…實施限制 14.arouse people’s awareness of 喚醒人們的…意識 15.take some preventive(remedial)measures 采取一 些預防（補救）措施

16.enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即懲罰性措施 17.take proper guidance and support 恰當引導和支持 18.impose heavier penalty on 對…實施嚴格的懲罰 19.set down effective laws 制定積極有效的法律

20.urban planning 城市規劃

21.break the ecological balance 破壞了生態的平衡 22.contaminate the environment 污染環境

23.promote the sustainable development of the city 促

進城市的可持續性發展

24.greenhouse effect 溫室效應 25.strengthen pollution control 加強污染控制 26.popularize environmental protection knowledge 普

及環保知識

27.burning 迫在眉睫的 28.environmental degradation 環境惡化

29.at the cost of environment 以環境污染為代價 30.uncontrolled urbanization 城市化失控 31.motor vehicle exhaust、car emission 汽車尾氣排放 32.exhaust purifier 尾氣凈化器 33.urban refuse 城市垃圾 34.protect …from overexploitation 防止過度開發 35.conservation of water and soil 水土保持 36.lead-free gasoline 無鉛汽油

37.gas-fueled vehicles 天然氣汽車 38.cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 電動汽車 39.slow down the rate of resource degradation 降低資

源消耗率

40.develop renewable resources 開發可再生資源 29.renewable resources 可再生資源 30.non-renewable resources 不可再生資源

人口與經濟考試頻率：★★★

Population and economy 人口與經濟

1、Overpopulation 人口爆炸

7、Feminism 女權主義

2、Population ageing 人口老齡化

8、Industrial locations 工業選址

3、Governmental pension 政府養老

9、Global trade 國際貿易

4、Juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

10、Economic gaps 經濟差距

5、Crimes 犯罪

11、Youth unemployment 年輕人失業

6、Agricultural development 農業發展

12、Consumption patterns 消費方式

真題重現

In some countries, governments are encouraging industries and businesses to move out of large cities into regional areas.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?

The proportion of older people in many countries is steadily increasing.Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?

分類詞匯加油站

1.saving 儲蓄 2.investment 投資 3.expenditure 支出 花費 4.capital 資本資金資產 5.currency 通貨通用 市價 7.demand 需求、需求量

8.supply 補給、供給、供應品

9.purchase 購買 10.inflation 通貨膨脹 11.monetary 貨幣的金錢的 12.consume 消費消耗

13.distribution 分配、分發、配給物

14.taxation 課稅、征稅、稅收、稅款、估定的稅額

15.externality 外部因素

16.trademark 商標 copyright 版權 著作權 17.restrict freedom 限制自由

18.invade privacy 侵犯隱私 19.depression 蕭條 不景氣 20.discount 折扣 21.financial 財政的 金融的 22.commit a crime 犯罪

23.breakviolatefloutdisobey the law 觸犯法律24.offence、crimes、criminal acts 罪行25.criminal、offenders、culprit、perpetrator 罪犯26accomplice、accessory 從犯

27.resent society、hold a grudge against society 憎恨

社會

28.trauma 心理創傷 29.prison 監獄

30.imprisonincarcerate someone 監禁 31.victims 受害者

32.be brought to justice 被繩之以法 33.reformrehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯 34.law enforcement agencies 執法部門 35.heinousflagitious crime、felony 重罪 36.petty crime 輕罪

37.first-time offenders 初犯者 38.hardened offenders 慣犯 39.revert to crime 再次犯罪 40.hunt down、capture 抓捕

41.abide by the law、comply with the law 遵守法律 42.law-abiding citizens 守法公民

43.boost the sense of safety 增強安全意識 44.reinforce the police force and increase patrol 增強

警力和巡邏

45.miscarriges of justice 執法不公 46.deterrent effect 震懾作用

47.being closely monitored 受到嚴格監控 48.fear of reprisal 擔心報復的心理 49.alert people to the risk of being victimized by crime

提高人們對于犯罪的警惕