第一篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第三版第二冊(cè)U4教案
Unit 4 The Professor and the Yo-Yo Teaching Time: 8 hours Students’ level: non-English majors of the second semester of the 1st year.Teaching Objectives: 1.Make students have an idea about the Einstein’s unusual personality whether as a scientist or as an average man.1).Analyze the personal characteristics of Einstein.2).Understand the way of life of Einstein.2.About the text, Ss should grasp the text content, text structure, basic vocabularies and required grammar points of the section.Words: ambition, application, approach, argue, bewilder, capable, correspond, display, exclusively, mainly, fortune, function, immune, impress, modest, observe, present, profound, pursue, puzzle, relatively, series
Phrases & Expressions: at ease, off balance, come to terms with, as far as, mean nothing to, believe in, so much so that, a series of, take apart, work out, capable of, single out Grammar: be made to, that clause 3.About the reading, Ss should acquire the skill—reading beyond lines.4.About the writing, Ss should get to know the paragraph developing —writing in logical order.5.About the listening, Ss finish Unit 4 directed by the teacher.Teaching Procedures: I.Pre-reading Activities 1.Background information: Einstein & his achievements Introductory remarks: Einstein is one of the greatest scientists of all time.His ideas and theories have, directly or indirectly, influenced many areas of the modern world ——science, art, and philosophy.In spite of his great achievements and fame, he always remained a simple man: he was honest and open, very easy to get along with;he lived a plain life and had simple habits, caring very little for material well-being.And the text The Professor and the Yo-Yo, whose author is the son of a close friend of Einstein’s, sheds more light on Einstein’s personality both as a scientist and as a man.2.Key words and expressions: 1).modest: a.having, showing, not a too high opinion of one’s merits, abilities, etc.For example: Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force.b.moderate;not large in size or amount-For example: The police came to suspect the man who lived a luxurious life on a modest income.2).balance: Useful phrases: keep one's balance;lose one s balance: be in balance;be out of balance;off balance.Special attention: “in the balance”, means 'undecided'.For example: Though her life was in the balance, she thought only of the safety of her fellows.3)impress:
a)have a strong effect on the mind or feeling of.For example: I was deeply impressed by the scenery there.He impressed me as a modest scholar.My parents impress on me the importance of honesty time and again.b)fix(sth.)deeply or firmly on the mind or memory E.g.His words were strongly impressed on my memory.4)immune:
be immune to: be free from or unaffected by.For example: Vaccination makes people immune to smallpox.It seems to me that few people are immune to vanity or jealousy.5)exclusively:
only;completely.For example: Eton college is an exclusively male public school in Britain.The report is written exclusively for the country's top leaders.6).pursue: v.a)follow, go on steadily with(study or other activity)E.g.He consistently pursued his task no matter how bad the situation was.b)follow in order to catch or do harm to E.g.The policeman pursued the thief.c)
vt.a)cause(sb.)to have feeling of annoyed, upset disappointment E.g.Staying at home all day frustrated her because she had been a brilliant scientist before her marriage.b)make(plan, effort etc)useless, defeat E.g.The bad weather frustrated all our hopes of going out.10)bitter :
adj.a)filled with anger or hatred E.g.You shouldn't have said those bitter remarks about him.b)having a sharp unpleasant taste, causing sorry E.g.They have learned a bitter lesson in the accident.c)
with ease;E.g.The teacher has a good way to put his nervous students at ease.The doctor soon made the worried patient at ease.He solved the problem with ease.15).come to terms with:
accept(sth.usually disagreeable)as it is;reach an agreement with.It has taken me a long time to come to terms with the fact that I’ll never be a good writer.It seems that the two sides will never come to terms(with each other).We have come to terms with them that the meeting will be delayed until next month.Later she had to come to terms with the difficult situation.16)as far as:
to the extent that.For example: As far as I know he will be away for three months.He will help you as far as he can.17)so much so that: to such an extent that;so that… For example: He longed to visit Paris, so much so that he often dreamed about it.I was worn out, so much so that I thought I would never recover.18)single out:
separate or choose from a group for special treatment or notice.All of us did a very good job but the teacher singled out for praise.It is an honour for him to have been singled out to represent the school at the celebration ceremony.20)point out :
draw attention to, explain E.g.It was pointed out to us that it was getting very late.21)off balance
a)not in balance, not bale to keep from turning over or falling E.g.Don't rock the boat, you will throw it off balance and get it turned over.b)
exchange letters with E.g.Will you correspond with me while I am away? 24)mean nothing / every thing to : be of no / great importance or value to E.g.Material things meant nothing to Einstein, but to some people they mean everything.25)revert to : go back to E.g.My thought reverted to my childhood days.26)take apart : separate sth.into parts E.g.The professor spent the whole afternoon taking apart his old car.Ⅱ.While-reading Activities 1.Ss have the silent reading on the text(10 mins)2.T explains the text in detail.Lines 1--9 1.Language Points
…I display my few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string had thrown the toy off balance.= …I showed of my skills of handling the Yo-yo and explained to him that the toy had turned over instead of rolling up the string because it had not been looped in a proper way.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What do you think are some of the way to make a shy young visitor feel at ease?---Being friendly and hospitable, offering sth.to play with, choosing a topic he or she is interested in, telling a joke, offering him or her chance to show off, etc.(2)From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was?---He was kind, considerate, interested in children.(3)How do you understand Einstein's nodding?---He was not upset about the fact that the young man pointed out his wrong way of playing, He was modest and easy to get along with.(4)Do you think that daily matter show a person's character? Lines 10--16 1.Language Points the personality that was Einstein = the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.a)
the military genius that was Napoleon He was the only person O knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him.= Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach.= He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual capabilities were.He was content to go as far as he could.= He was satisfied with what he could achieve and would desire nothing beyond his reach.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know how personality is formed?---It depends on many factors, e.g.genetic background, education, living surroundings, influential persons, etc.(2)What does “ he had come to terms with the would around him” mean?---He accepted the world as it was and didn't fight against things he couldn't change.(3)What does “be content to go as far as one could ” mean?---Work hard and go as far as one can, be satisfied with what one could achieve.This is a philosophy of life.Lines 17--21 1.Language Points He was beyond any pretension.= He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do you know why he was free from these emotions?---He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.He was interested only in his work, and not in these worldly distractions.(2)How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off.He used inexpensive stationary to write to people of high rank, without feeling ashamed.Lines 22--34 1.Language Points Material things meant nothing to him.= Material things were of no important to him.The razor and water do the job.= The razor and water will do.2.Questions for Discussion(1)Do material things mean nothing to you? What's your point of view?---Material things include necessities of life.In this sense, they mean much to most human beings.They also depend on people's concept of value as we discussed earlier.(2)What does it mean when a person shrugs?---It may mean “I don't care”, “It doesn't matter”.“I don't believe”, “I can't do it”, “I won't do it” and so on.(3)Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream?---He accepted the tube of cream as a gift and used it, but wouldn't go out and buy one for himself.Lines 35--52 1.Language Points He didn't have the slightest interest in the practical application… a)not…the slightest : not…any;no E.g.He didn't feel the slightest pain when the needle went into hie wrist....that's not it.= That's not right./ That's not what is expected.2.Questions for Discussion(1)What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here?---He wanted to know things by reasoning.He believed and was interested only in theory and he refused to take short cuts.(2)What do you think of the example?---He was sort of stubborn, impractical, odd, unique and true to his ideas.Lines 53--61 1.Language Points His name was a household world.= His name was well-known to everyone.2.Questions for Discussion(1)His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word?---The significance of a theory lies in its real value.Although average people didn't understand his theories, they owed many useful things to his contributions, such as TV.His ideas were put to practical uses.Above all, his ideas created a revolution in science that excited even people who were not scientists.(2)How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people's admiration?---He was very modest.He regarded himself as an ordinary man.He thought he had done no more than many other men.Language Points: make sb.feel at ease;when my turn came;throw sth.off balance.Questions: a.From this example do you know what kind of person Einstein was? b.How do you understand Einstein's nodding? Paragraph Two: Language Points: a.the personality that was Einstein: the personality which was the most striking characteristic of Einstein.b.He was the only person I knew who had come to terms with himself and the world around him: Of all the persons I knew he was the only one who was at peace with himself and the outside world because he accepted the world as it was and knew his limits as a human being.c.He knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach: He knew that the universe had more mysteries than he could ever hope to solve, great as his intellectual abilities were.Questions: a.What does 4% he had come to terms with himself and the world around him“ mean? b.What does ”be content to go as far as one could^ mean?(be satisfied with what one could achieve-)Paragraph Three: Language Point: He was beyond any pretension: He was completely sincere and honest without the slightest intention to show off.Questions: a.Why he was free from these emotions? b.How do you know that he was a great person who disliked showing off? Paragraph Four, Five and Six: Language Points: a.Material things meant nothing to him: material things are of no importance to him.b.finally: at last For example: The detective finally tracked down the suspect.c.present sb.with sth.;a tube of(cream, toothpaste, etc.)d.revert to : go back to(a former condition or habit).For example: The stress lie felt made him revert to the old habit of smoking.Questions: a.Do material things mean nothing to you? What’s your point of view? b.Why did Einstein shrug? What does it mean when a person shrug? c.Why did he revert to using plain water to shave after finishing the shaving cream? Paragraph Seven, Eight and Nine: Language Points: a.E=mc2: Einstein’s special theory of relativity proposes，among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light;that mass appears to increase with speed;that the rate of a clock moving through space will decrease as its speed increases;and that energy and mass are equal and interchangeable.The last point was expressed in the famous formula E=mc2(energy equals mass times the square of speed of light)and was later proved by atomic fission.b.have curiosity in doing sth.c.take apart: separate(sth.)into parts.For example: Nick took apart the dock and spread the bits all over the carpet.d.work out: solve;find the answer to.For example: John worked out the math problems all by himself.Questions: a.What did Einstein think of his photoelectric theory? Did it prove to be of any practical value? b.What does “his quick expression of disapproval” tell us here? c.From this example, what kind of people was Einstein?(He was sort of stubborn，impractical，odd, unique and true to his ideas.)Paragraph Ten: Language Points: a.profound: deep;needing much thought or study to understand.For example: Philosophy is profound and beyond the reach of ordinary people.b.capable of: having the ability or power for: for example: He is capable of doing such a difficult job.Some airplanes are capable of going beyond 1,000 miles an hour.c.a household word: word known far and wide.Questions: a.His theories were capable of exciting relatively few scientists.Why do you think his name was a household word? b.How do you understand what he said about his achievement? Why was he bewildered about people’s admiration? 3.T asks Ss to come out the main idea, structure of the text(10 mins)4.T summarizes the main idea and structure of the text(5 mins)Ⅲ.Summary Questions and Concluding Remarks Summary Questions 1.What do you think of Einstein? Can you tell why he is so respected?---He was one of the greatest scientists in history.He created a revolution in science.2.Can you sum up his personality and life style?---(1)Einstein was a modest man.a)When the boy pointed out his mistake in playing with the toy Yo-yo, he nodded.b)When he received great attention, he thought he was fortunate rather than deserving.---(2)He was a man without personal ambition.a)He had come to terms with himself and the world around him.b)He wanted only to understand the universe within his intellectual reach.c)He was content to go as far as he could.d)He was never seen to show personal ambition.e)He cared little for fame.---(3)He believed in simplicity.a)He used inexpensive stationary to correspond with the world most important people.b)He used only a safety razor and water to shave.---(4)He was purely and exclusively a theorist.a)He wouldn't walk down a street to se a reactor create atomic energy.b)He didn't have the slightest interest in observing how his theory made TV possible.c)He would rather give up than use a practical approach to discover the operating principle of the toy bird.Concluding Remarks---As a scientist, Einstein was so great, so extraordinary and distinguished but as a man, he was modest, simple and ordinary.After studying the text, we can learn a lot from him both as a scientist and as a man..Ⅳ.Post-reading Activities 1.Let the students do the exercises in the textbook which arc related to the new words.2.Ss hand in the summary of the text.3.Ss discuss the questions on the topic related to the text.4.Let Ss do the exercises in the text book which are mainly related to the new words and topic.
第二篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)英語翻譯整理
1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。
Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國人威嚴(yán)的語氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長(zhǎng)大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.當(dāng)全部乘客都向出口處(exit)走去時(shí)，他卻獨(dú)自留在座位上，好像不愿意離開這架飛機(jī)似的。While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.獵人一看見有只狐貍從樹叢中出現(xiàn)并向他設(shè)下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，臉上頓時(shí)閃出了興奮的表情。The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來制定新章程。It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改進(jìn)。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行事，但他沒有這樣做，因?yàn)樽鳛檐娙怂梅拿睢?/p>
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果讓我來決定我們是要一個(gè)沒有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒有汽車的城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.1.She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱
職而被解雇了。
2.It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營(yíng)這家書店。
3.No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。
4.Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.比爾已向哈佛大學(xué)申請(qǐng)助教職位，但他得到它的可能性很小。5.Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。
6.The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。
7.As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.就業(yè)余愛好而言，珍妮和她妹妹幾乎沒有什么共同之處。8.It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)給我留下了很深印象，但我對(duì)他那些深?yuàn)W的理論絲毫不感興趣。I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千萬別說可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，這個(gè)復(fù)雜問題使他們感到灰心喪氣，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思考后他們終于研究出了解決辦法。At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)這學(xué)期我們都學(xué)習(xí)得不錯(cuò)，我真不明白為什么我們的英語老師單單表揚(yáng)了班長(zhǎng)一個(gè)人。
I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的|（lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來|（develop from）|的這一學(xué)說。I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.1)如果富有的國家多花些錢搞綠色工業(yè)，而不是去建立軍事機(jī)器和制造核武器，當(dāng)今許多廣泛存在的污染問題將會(huì)逐漸消失。
If the rich countries spent more money on green industries, instead of on building up military machines and nuclear weapons, many of today's widespread pollution problems would gradually disappear.2)燒煤的時(shí)候，不僅消耗房子里面的氧氣，而且還散發(fā)出有毒的氣體。
The burning of coal not only consumes the oxygen in the house but also gives out poisonous gases.3)顯然，找到替代能源對(duì)我們經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展是至關(guān)重要的。
Apparently, finding alternative energy sources is essential to the steady development of our economy.4)太陽能電池（solar cell）能吸收陽光并把它變成電。Solar cells can absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity.5)如果地球上的溫度繼續(xù)年復(fù)一年地上升，極地的冰帽將會(huì)開始融化，沿海城市中一半的建筑物很可能會(huì)消失在劈啪飛濺的海浪下面。
If the temperature on the Earth continues to go up from year to year, the polar ice caps will begin to melt and, in all likelihood, half of the buildings in coastal cities will disappear beneath splashing sea waves.6)因?yàn)檫@些生物很小并且常常躲在葉子茂密的植物下面，肉眼并不都可以看見。
Because these creatures are small and tend to hide beneath leafy plants, they are not always visible to the naked eye.7)由于受到原子輻射，他最終在工作時(shí)倒下了。
As a result of exposure to atomic radiation, he finally collapsed at work.8)有明顯的證據(jù)表明工作上的重壓與身體的某些毛病有聯(lián)系。
There is distinct evidence of the connection between heavy pressure of work and some disorders of the body.1)只要你不斷努力，你遲早會(huì)解決這個(gè)難題的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我們預(yù)料我們的計(jì)劃會(huì)受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety?
8)你不必再去多想那些判斷上的失誤了。重要的是盡量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.
第三篇：翻譯答案大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)
Unit1 1.她砰地關(guān)上門，一聲不吭地走了，他們之間那場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)執(zhí)就此結(jié)束。Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.2.出席晚宴的客人對(duì)那個(gè)美國人威嚴(yán)的語氣感到有點(diǎn)意外。
The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at the commanding tone of the American.3.約翰尼已長(zhǎng)大成熟，不再害怕獨(dú)自呆在家里了。Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone.4.當(dāng)全部乘客都向出口處(exit)走去時(shí)，他卻獨(dú)自留在座位上，好像不愿意離開這架飛機(jī)似的。
While all the other passengers made for the exit, he alone remained in his seat as if unwilling to leave the plane.5.這封信必須交給威爾遜博士本人。
The letter is to be handed to Dr.Wilson himself.6.南希雖然很想?yún)⒓愚q論，但靦腆得不敢開口。
While she felt like joining in the argument, Nancy was too shy to open her mouth.7.你覺得什么時(shí)候最有可能在家里找到他？
What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 8.獵人一看見有只狐貍從樹叢中出現(xiàn)并向他設(shè)下(lay)的陷阱(trap)方向跑去，臉上頓時(shí)閃出了興奮的表情。
The hunter’s face lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the direction of / make for the trap he had laid.Unit2 1)會(huì)上有人建議任命一個(gè)十一人委員會(huì)來制定新章程。
It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution.2)這些青年科學(xué)家通過現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀察，獲得了研究工作所需的第一手資料。
By making on-the-spot observations, the young scientists obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.3)他很可能會(huì)因視力不好而被拒收入伍。
It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because of his bad eyesight.4)委員會(huì)成員在新機(jī)場(chǎng)最佳選址(location)這一問題上持有不同意見。
The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the best location of the new airport.5)亨利創(chuàng)作的藝術(shù)品在許多方面比他兄弟的要好。
Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of his brother's.6)我們產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的穩(wěn)步提高在很大程度上是由于設(shè)備有所改進(jìn)。
The steady rise in the quality of our products owes much to the improvement of our equipment.7)吉姆本想按照自己的判斷行事，但他沒有這樣做，因?yàn)樽鳛檐娙怂梅拿睢?/p>
Jim would have preferred to act on his own judgment, but he didn't because as a soldier he had to obey the order.8)如果讓我來決定我們是要一個(gè)沒有自行車的城市呢，還是要一個(gè)沒有汽車的城市，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。
Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bikes or one without cars, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.Unit3
1)她在當(dāng)?shù)匾患毅y行找到一份出納員的工作，但不久因不稱職而被解雇了。
She got a post as a cashier at a local bank.But she was soon fired because she proved to be incompetent.2)很明顯是他的年輕助手在經(jīng)營(yíng)這家書店。
It is obviously/clearly his young assistant who is running the book store.3)這項(xiàng)建議在會(huì)上一宣布，她就站起來提出異議。
No sooner had the proposal been announced at the meeting than she got to her feet to protest.4)比爾已向哈佛大學(xué)申請(qǐng)助教職位，但他得到它的可能性很小。
Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.5)由于缺乏資金，他們正在想辦法吸引外資。
Being short of funds, they are trying to attract foreign capital.6)這個(gè)房間有股霉味，一定是好久沒人住了。
The room smells of stale air.It must have been vacant for a long time.7)就業(yè)余愛好而言，珍妮和她妹妹幾乎沒有什么共同之處。
As far as hobbies are concerned, Jane and her sister have little in common.8)不言而喻，青年人的教育對(duì)于一個(gè)國家的未來是至關(guān)重要的。
It is self-evident that the education of the young is vital to the future of a country.Unit4
1)那小女孩跑得太快，身體一下失去平衡，跌倒了。
The little girl ran so fast that she was thrown off balance and fell over / down.2)他致力于研究工作的精神(devotion to research)給我留下了很深印象，但我對(duì)他那些深?yuàn)W的理論絲毫不感興趣。
I was impressed by his devotion to research but I did not have the slightest interest in his profound theories.3)千萬別說可能會(huì)被人誤解的話。
Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4)我被他們互相矛盾的意見搞糊涂了，不知如何去做才是。
I was so bewildered by their conflicting advice that I did not know how to act/what to do.5)起初，這個(gè)復(fù)雜問題使他們感到灰心喪氣，但經(jīng)過仔細(xì)思考后他們終于研究出了解決辦法。
At first this complicated problem frustrated them, but after thinking it over carefully they finally worked out a solution.6)體育代表團(tuán)團(tuán)長(zhǎng)在少先隊(duì)員向他獻(xiàn)上一束鮮花時(shí)愉快地笑了。
The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneer presented him with a bunch of flowers.7)這學(xué)期我們都學(xué)習(xí)得不錯(cuò)，我真不明白為什么我們的英語老師單單表揚(yáng)了班長(zhǎng)一個(gè)人。I really don't see why our English teacher should single out our monitor for praise since we have all done quite well this term.8)我相信比較高級(jí)的|(higher)|動(dòng)物是由比較低級(jí)的（|lower）|動(dòng)物進(jìn)化而來（|develop from）的這一學(xué)說。
I believe in the theory that the higher animals developed from the lower ones.Unit6 1)只要你不斷努力，你遲早會(huì)解決這個(gè)難題的。
If / As long as you keep(on)trying, you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.2)我們預(yù)料我們的計(jì)劃會(huì)受到抵制(resistance)。
We anticipate encountering / that we will encounter resistance to our plan / our plan will meet with resistance.3)吉姆的朋友說，他們那個(gè)城市的噪音污染十分嚴(yán)重，但是他們只好忍著。
Jim's friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible, but they had to live with it.4)湯姆起初認(rèn)為，憑他的知識(shí)、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一定能夠找到一份稱心如意的工作。
At first Tom thought that with his knowledge, skill and experience he was bound to find a satisfactory job.5)冷靜耐心地處理這個(gè)微妙(delicate)問題是明智的。
It would be wise / advisable to handle this delicate problem with calmness and patience.6)迪克以為，如果他拆不開那臺(tái)機(jī)器，那么很可能廠里別的工人也拆不開。
Dick thought that if he wasn't able to take the machine apart, chances were that no other worker in the plant could, either.7)你是否認(rèn)為公共汽車司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)乘客的安全負(fù)完全的責(zé)任？
Do you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers' safety? 8)你不必再去多想那些判斷上的失誤了。重要的是盡量避免再犯。
You needn't dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.What's important is to try your best to avoid repeating them
Unit8 1)巨額投資(investment)使這一地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)得以迅速發(fā)展。
Vast amounts of investment have enabled the economy of the area to grow rapidly.2)他們?yōu)樾陆ㄒ凰t(yī)院開展了一場(chǎng)籌款運(yùn)動(dòng)。
They launched a campaign to raise money for a new hospital.3)成功在于勤奮(diligence)，諾蘭醫(yī)生就是一個(gè)很好的例證。Success lies in diligence.Dr.Nolen is a case in point.4)他們都具有很高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，決不會(huì)受誘惑接受如此貴重的禮品。
Men of high moral standards, they are never to be tempted into taking such expensive gifts.5)有跡象表明，不少工廠正面臨著十分困難的局面。
There are indications that numerous factories are faced with a very difficult situation.6)警方找到誰是罪犯的重要線索后，在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)就以武裝搶劫罪拘捕了他。
The police arrested the criminal on a charge of armed robbery several hours after they found an important clue to his identity.7)調(diào)查顯示，對(duì)某些人來說，退休往往會(huì)造成心理上的病痛。
Investigation has revealed that retirement tends to cause psychological troubles for some people.8)醫(yī)療隊(duì)并沒有一味抱怨當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院較差的工作條件。比如，好幾位醫(yī)生就曾用自己的錢購置了簡(jiǎn)單的醫(yī)療器械。
The medical team did more than complain about the relatively poor working conditions at the local hospital.For instance, several doctors bought simple medical instruments with their own money
Unit9 1)一切都表明他的計(jì)劃出了毛病。
Everything points to the fact / indicates that something has gone wrong with his project / plan.2)作者認(rèn)為，我們不應(yīng)想當(dāng)然地以為那些智力測(cè)驗(yàn)得分高的人在實(shí)際工作中就一定能干得好。
The author argues that we should not take it for granted that those who score high on intelligence tests will naturally do well in practical work.3)我挑出幾條英語習(xí)語（idiom），考了一下我的同班同學(xué)。I picked out some English idioms and tried them on my classmates.4)三位教授被請(qǐng)來對(duì)新教員設(shè)計(jì)的教案作出評(píng)估。
Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.5)這對(duì)我們來說是個(gè)很小的損失，不要大驚小怪。
It is a very small loss to / for us.Don't make such a fuss over it.6)他比任何對(duì)手的得分都高得多，證明他不愧為一個(gè)勝利者。
He scored far more points / much higher than any of his rivals and proved himself a worthy winner.7)這兩只動(dòng)物外貌很相似，但它們屬于不同的種類。
The two animals are similar in appearance, but they belong to different species.8)我并不確切知道他申請(qǐng)的貸款（loan）銀行是否會(huì)給他。
I don't know for sure whether the bank will grant him the loan he has applied for.
第四篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)課文翻譯（范文模版）
第一單元 晚宴
我最初聽到這個(gè)故事是在印度，那兒的人們今天講起它來仍好像確有其事似的----盡管任何一位博物學(xué)家都認(rèn)為這不可能是真的。后來有人告訴我，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之前不久，一家雜志社曾刊登過這個(gè)故事。但登在雜志上的那篇故事以及寫故事的人，我卻一直未能找到。
故事發(fā)生在印度。某殖民地官員和他的夫人正舉行盛大的晚宴。筵席設(shè)在他們家寬敞的餐室里，室內(nèi)大理石地板上沒有鋪地毯；屋頂明椽裸露；寬大的玻璃門外便是走廊。跟他們一起就坐的客人有軍官和他們的夫人，另外還有一位美國來訪的博物學(xué)家。
席間，一位年輕的女士同一位少校展開了激烈的討論。年輕女士認(rèn)為，婦女已經(jīng)有所進(jìn)步，不像以前那樣一見到老鼠就嚇得跳到椅子上；少校則不以為然。
他說：“一遇到危機(jī)情況，女人的反應(yīng)便是尖叫。而男人雖然也可能想叫，但比起女人來，自制力卻略勝一籌。這多出來的一點(diǎn)自制力就是真正起作用的東西?！?/p>
那個(gè)美國人沒有參加這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，他只是注視著在座的其他客人。在他這樣觀察時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人臉上顯出一種奇異的表情。她兩眼盯著正前方，臉部肌肉在微微抽搐，她向站在他座椅后面的印度男仆做了個(gè)手勢(shì)，對(duì)他耳語了幾句，男仆的眼睛睜得大大的，迅速的離開了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美國人誰也沒注意到這一幕，也沒有人看到那個(gè)男仆把一碗牛奶放在緊靠門邊的走廊上。
那個(gè)美國人突然醒悟過來。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一個(gè)意思----引蛇的誘餌。他意識(shí)到餐室里一定有條眼鏡蛇。他抬頭看了看屋頂上的椽子----那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方。----但那上面空蕩蕩的。室內(nèi)的三個(gè)角落里也是空的。而在第四個(gè)角落里，仆人們正在等著上下一道。這樣，剩下就只有一個(gè)地方了----餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人發(fā)出警告，但他知道這樣會(huì)引起騷亂，致使眼鏡蛇受驚咬人。于是他很快講了一通話，其語氣非常的威嚴(yán)，竟使得所有的人都安靜了下來。
“我想了解一下在座的諸位到底有多大的克制能力，我數(shù)三百下----也就是五分鐘----你們誰都不許動(dòng)一動(dòng)，動(dòng)者罰款五十盧比，準(zhǔn)備好！”
在他數(shù)數(shù)的過程中，那二十個(gè)人一個(gè)個(gè)都像石雕一樣蹲坐在那兒，當(dāng)他數(shù)到“??二百八十??”時(shí)，突然從眼角處看到那條眼鏡蛇鉆了出來，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起來把通往通道的門通通關(guān)上時(shí)，室內(nèi)想起了一片尖叫聲。
“你剛才說的很對(duì)，少校！”男主人大聲說?！耙粋€(gè)男子剛剛為我們顯示了從容不迫，鎮(zhèn)定自若的范例?！?/p>
“且慢！”那位美國人一邊說著一邊轉(zhuǎn)向女主人?！皽仄澨窃趺粗滥菞l眼鏡蛇是在屋子里呢？”
女主人臉上顯出一絲淡淡的微笑，回答說：“因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)它正從我的腳背上爬過去。”
第二單元 杰文遜的遺訓(xùn)
美國的第三任總統(tǒng)托馬斯·杰文遜也許不像喬治·華盛頓和亞伯拉罕·林肯那樣著名，但大多數(shù)人至少記得有關(guān)他的一件事實(shí)：是他寫的《獨(dú)立宣言》。
雖然杰文遜生活在二百多年以前，但今天我們?nèi)阅軓乃砩蠈W(xué)到很多東西。他的許多思想對(duì)當(dāng)代青年來說特別有意義。下面就是他講過和寫過的一些觀點(diǎn): 自己去看。杰文遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人除了從書本中獲取知識(shí)外，還可以從許多別的來源獲得知；他認(rèn)為，親自做調(diào)查時(shí)很重要的。在他很年輕的時(shí)候，他就被任命為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，去調(diào)查詹姆斯河南部的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委員會(huì)的其他成員都坐在州議會(huì)大廈內(nèi)研究有關(guān)這一問題的文件，而杰文遜卻跳進(jìn)一只獨(dú)木舟去做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)。
你可以向任何人學(xué)習(xí)。按階層和所受的教育，杰文遜皆屬于最高的社會(huì)階層。然而，在那個(gè)貴族們除了發(fā)號(hào)施令以外很少跟出身卑賤的人說話的年代，杰文遜卻常破例跟園丁，仆人，和侍者交談。有一次杰文遜曾這樣對(duì)法國貴族拉菲特說過：“你必須像我那樣到貧民百姓的家里去，看看他們的鍋里煮些什么，吃吃他們的面包。只要你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什么會(huì)不滿意，你就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國的革命。
自己做判斷。未經(jīng)過認(rèn)真的思考，杰文遜絕不接受別人的意見。他在給侄子的信中寫道：“不要因?yàn)閯e的人相信或拒絕了什么東西，你就也去相信或拒絕它。上帝賜予你一個(gè)用來判斷真理與謬誤的頭腦。那你就運(yùn)用它吧?！?/p>
杰文遜覺得，人民“是完全可以信賴的，應(yīng)該讓他們聽到一切真實(shí)和虛偽的東西，然后做出正確的判斷。倘使讓我來決定，我們是應(yīng)該有一個(gè)政府而不要報(bào)紙呢還是應(yīng)該有報(bào)紙而不要政府，我會(huì)毫不猶豫的選擇后者。”
做你認(rèn)為是正確的事。在一個(gè)自由的國家里總會(huì)有各種相互沖突的思想，而這正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。雖然有好多年杰文遜一直受到激烈的批評(píng)，但他從不回應(yīng)那些批評(píng)他的人。他在寫給一位朋友的信中表達(dá)了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：“每個(gè)問題都有兩面。如果你堅(jiān)決站在一面并根據(jù)它有效的采取行動(dòng)，那么，站在另一面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)你的行動(dòng)怨恨不滿。”
相信未來，相信青年。杰文遜認(rèn)為，絕不可以用那些已經(jīng)無用的習(xí)俗束縛住“現(xiàn)在”的手腳。他說：“沒有哪個(gè)社會(huì)可以制定一部永遠(yuǎn)適用的憲法，甚至連一條永遠(yuǎn)適用的法律也制定不出來。地球是屬于活著的一代的?！彼缓ε滦滤枷耄膊粦峙挛磥?。他評(píng)論說：“有多少痛苦是由一些沒發(fā)生過的災(zāi)難引起的啊！我期待的是最好的東西，而不是最壞的東西。我滿懷希望的駕駛著自己的航船，而把恐懼拋在后面?！?/p>
杰文遜的勇氣和理想主義是以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的。他懂得的東西也許比同時(shí)代的任何人都要多。在農(nóng)業(yè)、考古學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)方面他都是專家。在人們普遍采用農(nóng)作物輪作和土壤保持的做法之前一個(gè)世紀(jì)，他就這樣做了。他還發(fā)明了一種比當(dāng)時(shí)任何一種都好的耕犁。他影響了整個(gè)美國的建筑業(yè)。他還不斷地制造出各種機(jī)械裝置，使日常生活中需要做的許多工作都變得更加容易。
在杰文遜的眾多才能中，有一種是最重要的：他首先是一位優(yōu)秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前
正在第一次出版的他的全集將超過五十卷。他作為一個(gè)作家的才能很快就被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，所以在1776年在費(fèi)城要撰寫《獨(dú)立宣言》的時(shí)刻來到時(shí)，這一任務(wù)就落在了他肩上。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們讀到他的下列詞句都激動(dòng)不已：“我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生來就是平等的??”
1826年7月4日，正值美國獨(dú)立五十周年紀(jì)念日之際，杰文遜與世長(zhǎng)辭了。他給他的同胞留下了一份豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)和眾多的榜樣。托馬斯·杰文遜對(duì)美國的教育事業(yè)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，他認(rèn)為，只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由。
第三單元 我的第一份工作
羅伯特·貝斯特
在我等著進(jìn)大學(xué)期間，我在一份地方報(bào)紙上看到一則廣告，說是在離我住處大約十英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)，有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。我因?yàn)槭诸^很拮據(jù)，同時(shí)也想做點(diǎn)有用的事，于是便提出了申請(qǐng)，但在提出申請(qǐng)的同時(shí)我也擔(dān)心，自己一無學(xué)位，二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后卻來了一封信，叫我到克羅伊登去面試。這一路去那還真麻煩：先乘火車到克羅一頓車站，再乘十分鐘的公共汽車，然后至少還要步行四分之一英里。結(jié)果，我在六月一個(gè)炎熱的上午到了那，因?yàn)樾那榉浅＞趩?，竟感覺不到緊張了。
學(xué)校是一座裝著大窗戶的紅磚房子，前庭院是個(gè)鋪著沙礫的正方形：四個(gè)角上各有一叢冬青灌木，他們經(jīng)受著從繁忙大街上吹來的塵煙，掙扎著活下去。
開門的顯然是校長(zhǎng)本人。他又矮又胖，留著沙色的小胡子，前額上布滿了皺紋，頭發(fā)差不多已經(jīng)禿光。
他帶著一種吃驚的、不以為然的神態(tài)看著我，就像一位上校看著一位靴袋沒系好的二等兵一樣?！芭叮彼緡佒f，“你最好到里面來?！蹦仟M窄的，不見陽光的走廊中散發(fā)出一股腐爛的卷心菜味，聞上去很不舒服；墻上墨跡斑斑，顯得很臟；周圍一片靜寂。根據(jù)地毯上的面包屑來判斷，他的書房也是他的餐室。“你最好先坐下，”接著便問了我許多問題，為了得到普通學(xué)校證書我學(xué)過哪些課程；我多大歲數(shù)了；我會(huì)玩哪些游戲；問到這里他突然用他那雙充滿血絲的眼睛盯著我，問我是否認(rèn)為游戲是兒童教育的一個(gè)極為重要的組成部分。我含含糊糊的說了些不必太重視游戲之類的話。他咕噥了幾句。我說了錯(cuò)話。我和校長(zhǎng)顯然沒有多少共同語言。
他說，學(xué)校只有一個(gè)班，二十四名男生，年齡從7歲到13歲不等，除了美術(shù)課他親自教以外，其余所有的課程都得有我來教。星期三和星期六下午要到一英里以外的公園去踢足球，打板球。
整個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃把我嚇壞了。我得把全班學(xué)生分成三個(gè)組，按三個(gè)不同的程度輪流給他們上課；想到要交代數(shù)和幾何這兩門我讀書時(shí)學(xué)的極差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也許是星期六下午打板球的安排，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)候我的朋友大多會(huì)在悠閑地自得其樂。
我怯生生的問：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中飯”還沒等我來得及提出異議，他
已經(jīng)站了起來，“好了，”他說，“你最好見見我得妻子，她才是這所學(xué)校真正的主管人。”
我再也無法忍受了。我當(dāng)時(shí)很年輕：在一個(gè)女人手下工作的前景構(gòu)成了最大的侮辱。
第四單元 教授與溜溜球
我父親是阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的密友。小時(shí)候有一次我去愛因斯坦家拜訪時(shí)很靦腆，他說：“我有樣?xùn)|西拿給你看?！庇谑俏冶愀械綗o拘無束了。他走到書桌旁，拿回來一只溜溜球。他試圖做給我看這種玩具怎么個(gè)玩法，但他沒法使他順著線再轉(zhuǎn)上去。輪到我時(shí)，我露了幾手，并向他指出，繞錯(cuò)的線圈使玩具失去了平衡。愛因斯坦點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭，我的技能和知識(shí)給他留下了深刻的印象。后來，我買了一只溜溜球，把他作為圣誕禮物送給了教授。并收到他一首表示感謝的詩。
作為一個(gè)孩子，以后又作為一個(gè)成人，我一直對(duì)愛因斯坦的個(gè)性驚嘆不已。他是我認(rèn)識(shí)的人中唯一能跟自己和周圍世界達(dá)成妥協(xié)的人。他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作為一個(gè)人的能力范圍之內(nèi)理解宇宙的性質(zhì)以及宇宙運(yùn)行的邏輯和單純。他知道很多問題的答案超出了他智力所及的范圍。但這并不使他感到灰心喪氣。只要在能力所及的范圍取得最大的成功就使他心滿意足了。
在我們二十三年的友誼中，我從未見他表現(xiàn)出嫉妒、虛榮、痛苦、憤怒或個(gè)人野心。他好像對(duì)這些感情有免疫能力似的。他毫無矯飾之心，虛榮之意。雖然他與世界上的許多要人通信，他用的卻是W水印字母的信箋。W水印字母-----五分錢商店伍爾沃思的縮寫。
為了他的工作他只需要一支筆和一本拍紙簿。物質(zhì)的東西對(duì)他毫無意義。我知道他身上從不帶錢，因?yàn)樗麖膩聿恍枰缅X。他信奉簡(jiǎn)樸，甚至于只用一把安全剃刀和清水刮胡子。當(dāng)我建議他用下刮胡膏時(shí)，他說：“剃刀和水就夠了?！?/p>
“但是，教授，為什么你就不能僅僅試用一次刮胡膏呢？”我爭(zhēng)辯說?！八梢宰屇愎纹鸷觼砥交植煌础！?/p>
他聳了聳肩，最后，我終于送給他一管刮胡膏。第二天早上，當(dāng)他下樓來用早餐時(shí)，他因?yàn)橛辛艘淮笮掳l(fā)現(xiàn)而滿臉含笑?！澳阒?，那種刮胡膏還真有效，”他說，“他不扯胡子，感覺好極了?！贝蚰且院螅刻煸绯慷加霉魏?，直到那一管用完為止，然后他又回到了只用清水刮胡子了。
愛因斯坦完完全全是個(gè)理論家。他對(duì)自己的思想和理論的應(yīng)用絲毫不感興趣。他提出的E=MC2也許是有史以來最著名的公式----然而愛因斯坦卻不愿費(fèi)舉足之勞去看反應(yīng)堆產(chǎn)生原子能。他因其光電理論----他認(rèn)為這是一些比較次要的一系列公式----而獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金，但對(duì)于觀察他的理論怎樣使得電視得以產(chǎn)生卻沒有一點(diǎn)好奇心。
我兄弟曾送給教授一個(gè)玩具，那是一只立在盛水的碗邊可以保持平衡并反復(fù)把頭浸入水中的鳥。愛因斯坦高興的注視著他，試圖推斷出他的運(yùn)動(dòng)原理，但他沒能推斷出。
第二天早晨他宣布說：“關(guān)于那只鳥我睡覺前思索了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，他一定是這樣運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的??”他開始做起了長(zhǎng)篇的解釋。后來他意識(shí)到自己推理中的一個(gè)漏洞便停了下來。“不，我想不是那
么回事?！彼B續(xù)幾天試著用各種理論來加以解釋。后來我建議他把玩具拆開來看看他是怎樣運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的，他迅速顯出的不贊成的表情告訴我，他并不同意這種切實(shí)可行的做法，他一直沒有研究出這個(gè)問題的答案。
愛因斯坦一直沒能理解的另一個(gè)謎是他自己的名望。他提出的這些理論都是些非常深?yuàn)W的、只能使很少的科學(xué)家感興趣的理論。然而他的名字卻在整個(gè)文明世界家喻戶曉，盡人皆知。有一次他說：“我有一些很好的思想，別人也有一些很好的思想。只是只是由于我運(yùn)氣好，我的思想才被人接受了。”他的名望使他感到迷惑不解：人們都想見他；陌生的人在街上盯著他看；科學(xué)家、政治家、學(xué)生和家庭主婦都給他寫信。他一直不能理解，他為什么會(huì)受到這種注意。為什么單單把他跳出來當(dāng)特殊人物對(duì)待。
第五單元 大氣層中的惡棍 大氣層中的惡棍乃是二氧化碳。
二氧化碳看上去不像一個(gè)惡棍。他毒性不大，在大氣層中的含量極小----只占0.034%----不會(huì)對(duì)我們?cè)斐扇魏蝹Α?/p>
再者，空氣中的那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)二氧化碳對(duì)生命至關(guān)重要。植物吸收二氧化碳并將其轉(zhuǎn)化成為他們自己的組織。充當(dāng)所有動(dòng)物（當(dāng)然也包括人類）的基本食物供給。在這一過程中，植物釋放氧氣，而氧氣是所有動(dòng)物生命所不可缺少的。
然而，這一看上去無害而無疑又必不可少的氣體卻正在對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生影響。
年復(fù)一年，海平面正在上升。他很可能繼續(xù)上升，而在今后數(shù)百年間，會(huì)以更快的速度上升。在那些低洼的沿海地區(qū)（在這一地區(qū)居住著世界上很大一部分人口），海水會(huì)穩(wěn)步向前推進(jìn)，迫使人們向內(nèi)陸退居。
最后，海水將會(huì)高出目前海平面兩百英尺。一陣陣海浪將會(huì)拍打曼哈頓摩天大樓二十層樓的窗戶。佛羅里達(dá)將會(huì)沉沒在海浪之下。英倫三島的大部分，人口稠密的尼羅河流域，還有中國、印度和俄羅斯的低洼地區(qū)也將遭遇到同樣的命運(yùn)。
不僅許多城市會(huì)被淹沒，而且世界上大部分盛產(chǎn)糧食的地區(qū)也將會(huì)失去。由于食品供應(yīng)下降，到處都會(huì)出現(xiàn)饑荒，在這種壓力下，社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)有可能崩潰。
而這一切都是因?yàn)槎趸??？稍趺磿?huì)出現(xiàn)這種狀況呢？?jī)烧咧g又有什么聯(lián)系呢？ 首先是太陽光，大氣層中的各種氣體（包括二氧化碳）對(duì)于太陽光來說是透明的。太陽光照射大氣層的頂部，徑直透過數(shù)英里的大氣層，溫暖著地球的表面。在夜間，地球以紅外線的形式放射到外層空間而冷卻下來。
然而，大氣層對(duì)紅外線來說卻不像他對(duì)可見光那樣透明。二氧化碳特別會(huì)阻擋這樣的熱量輻射。因此，在夜間失去的熱量要比大氣中沒有二氧化碳的情況下失去的要少。要是沒有少量的二氧化碳的存在，地球就會(huì)明顯要冷得多，說不定就會(huì)冷的不舒服了。
我們?cè)摳械叫牢俊６趸冀o我們溫暖使我們舒舒服服，但是大氣中二氧化碳的濃度正在穩(wěn)
步升高，其惡跡也就由此而生。1958年，二氧化碳只占大氣總量的0.0316%，此后，其濃度逐年悄悄攀升，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)達(dá)到0.0340%，據(jù)估算，到2020年，二氧化碳的濃度將接近現(xiàn)在的兩倍。
這就意味著，在未來幾十年間，地球的溫度將要稍許升高。極地冰蓋將因此開始融化。世界上90%的冰斗聚集在巨大的南極冰蓋上，另外8%在格陵蘭冰蓋。如果這些冰蓋開始融化，海平面將會(huì)升高，其結(jié)果就是我上面描述的那個(gè)樣子。
可是大氣中的二氧化碳濃度為什么會(huì)在不斷升高呢？
難辭其咎的有兩個(gè)因素。首先，在近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中，先是煤，然后是石油和天然氣，以快速增長(zhǎng)的態(tài)勢(shì)作為燃料獲取能量。這些燃料中所含的碳，在過去數(shù)百萬年的歲月里一直被埋在地下，而現(xiàn)在正在被燒成二氧化碳，并以每天數(shù)噸的速率排放到大氣中。
更糟糕的是，地球上的森林在不斷消失，起先是慢慢消失，但在近一兩個(gè)世紀(jì)里其消失的速度相當(dāng)快?，F(xiàn)在，森林消失的速度是每分鐘64英畝。
不管取代森林的是農(nóng)田，草地，還是灌木叢，其生產(chǎn)的植物消耗二氧化碳的速率與森林是不相等的。因此，不僅是通過燃料的燃燒使二氧化碳釋放到大氣中，而且，隨著森林的消失，植物從大氣中吸收的二氧化碳也減少了。
但是這也給了我們一個(gè)新的視角來考察這個(gè)問題。大氣中的二氧化碳并不是自行上升的。是人在燒煤，燒油，和燒氣。是人在砍伐森林。所以，人才是真正的元兇。
怎么辦呢？
首先，我們必須拯救森林，乃至重植森林。
第二，我們必須有新的不產(chǎn)生二氧化碳的燃料源，核能就是其中之一，如果認(rèn)為核能太危險(xiǎn)，也還有其他選擇。有波浪能，風(fēng)能，潮汐能，還有地球內(nèi)部的熱能。尤其是，還可以直接利用太陽能。
誠然，這一切將需要時(shí)間，努力，和金錢，但是，更多的國家卻把更多的時(shí)間，努力和金錢花在了對(duì)抗性的軍事器械上。而這些軍備只能毀滅我們大家。為了拯救大家而減少在這方面時(shí)間，努力和金錢上的花費(fèi)，難道我們應(yīng)該反對(duì)嗎？
第六單元 外科醫(yī)師的成功之道
一位醫(yī)生怎樣辨認(rèn)自己終于成為一名“外科醫(yī)師”的那一時(shí)刻呢？在我任住院主任醫(yī)師的那一年快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，我曾不止一次的問過自己這個(gè)問題。
我最后決定，問題的答案在于“自信”二字。當(dāng)你能夠?qū)ψ约赫f：“任何外科病人我都能勝任進(jìn)行治療，我的治療跟其他外科醫(yī)生一樣高明，甚至比任何外科醫(yī)生都更為高明?！薄菚r(shí)，而且只有到了那時(shí)，你才真正成了一名外科醫(yī)師。當(dāng)時(shí) 我正接近那個(gè)時(shí)刻。
就以我們每晚都會(huì)碰到的急診情況為例吧。就在那一年的最初幾個(gè)月，我一直害怕電話鈴響。我知道電話鈴聲意味著又要做出一個(gè)生死攸關(guān)的決定。事情往往是這樣：在我告訴沃爾特或拉里對(duì)于某一特殊情況應(yīng)如何處理之后，我就很難再重新入睡了。我會(huì)重溫那位急診病人的整個(gè)病情，常常會(huì)懷疑自己是否做出了不妥的決定。不止一次，在我躺了一個(gè)小時(shí)還睡不著之后，我會(huì)在凌晨?jī)扇c(diǎn)鐘從床上跳起來穿好衣服，駕車去醫(yī)院親自探視病人。唯有這樣我才能找到安心休息所需要的內(nèi)心平靜。
然而，在我做住院醫(yī)生的最后一個(gè)月，睡眠已不再是個(gè)問題了。在有些情況下我仍然不能確定自己的決定是否正確，但我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)把這看做一個(gè)外科醫(yī)師會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到的問題，一個(gè)永遠(yuǎn)也不能完全解決的問題----我已經(jīng)能適應(yīng)他了。所以，我一旦經(jīng)過深思熟慮做出某個(gè)決定，就不再去多想他了。多想也不會(huì)有什么幫助，而且我知道，憑我的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我做出的任何決定肯定都是穩(wěn)妥的。這是一種令人愉快的感覺。
在手術(shù)室里我也同樣充滿信心。我知道自己的只是、技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)足以對(duì)付我在開業(yè)行醫(yī)中將會(huì)碰到的任何病例。當(dāng)我切開病人的腹部或胸腔時(shí)，我不再緊張的瑟瑟發(fā)抖了。我知道，即使碰到事先無法預(yù)見其問題所在的病例，我也能處置我發(fā)現(xiàn)的任何情況。我戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的處理過竟在我手上的腹部刺傷，肺部穿孔以及復(fù)合型骨折等病例。這種外科手術(shù)我已經(jīng)戰(zhàn)戰(zhàn)兢兢的干了五年，我再也不必?fù)?dān)驚受怕了。
而且，我也不再怕犯錯(cuò)誤了。我知道在我出去開業(yè)行醫(yī)時(shí)，說不定什么時(shí)候我就會(huì)不可避免的出差錯(cuò)；我會(huì)給不需要手術(shù)治療的病人開刀，也可能會(huì)把需要?jiǎng)邮中g(shù)的病人忽略過去。五年前----甚至一年前----如果我不得不為一次判斷上的失誤負(fù)全部責(zé)任的話，我是沒法容忍自己的?，F(xiàn)在我能了。我仍然害怕犯錯(cuò)誤----愿意竭盡全力避免出錯(cuò)----但我知道這是外科醫(yī)師生活的一部分。我之所以能夠平靜的接受這一事實(shí)，是因?yàn)槲抑溃喝绻也荒鼙苊獬霾铄e(cuò)，那么換了任何別的外科醫(yī)生很可能也不能避免。
這些話聽上去很自負(fù)，而且我以為這的確是自負(fù)----但外科醫(yī)師就是需要這種自負(fù)。當(dāng)他收到行醫(yī)中必定會(huì)遇到的重重疑慮的煎熬時(shí)，他需要“自負(fù)”來支撐自己度過這些難受的時(shí)刻。他必須覺得，他與世上任何一位外科醫(yī)生比都毫不遜色，甚至還技高一籌。你管這叫自負(fù)也好，叫自信也罷；不管你叫他什么，反正我是有了。
第七單元 離開我這個(gè)街區(qū)
埃塞爾·阿姆斯特德一下子就喜歡上了那棟灰色的聯(lián)房。房子里多出了一間臥室，還有一個(gè)很大的后院。可以讓他的小外孫和外孫女在那里玩耍。那個(gè)大理石的門廊將是夏天夜晚坐著乘涼的理想場(chǎng)所。
但搬進(jìn)來后的第一個(gè)晚上，當(dāng)阿姆斯特德下班回到家時(shí)，她卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有一群樣子很兇的人坐在她家門前的臺(tái)階上。
她大吃一驚，說道：“請(qǐng)?jiān)彛易≡谶@兒?！蹦且粠推邆€(gè)年輕人不情愿的站了起來，用冷酷無情的目光盯著她看。一走進(jìn)去，阿姆斯特德就鎖上門，從窗戶往外看。她吃驚的發(fā)現(xiàn)那幾個(gè)年輕人已經(jīng)又坐在了她家臺(tái)階上。
在以后的幾個(gè)星期里，阿姆斯特德了解到她那座房子過去常年空關(guān)時(shí)，曾被一些毒品販子在前面臺(tái)階下面藏過毒品。當(dāng)川流不息的車輛和行人經(jīng)過時(shí)，毒品販子就在門廊上做生意。吸毒成
癮的人就在房子后面的小路上注射毒品，并在后院里隨地撒尿。
阿姆斯特德對(duì)占用她家前門的那些人不報(bào)有任何幻想。在東那爾的摩那個(gè)充滿犯罪與 暴力的奧利佛居住的十年間，幾乎每個(gè)晚上，她躺在床上都能聽到毒品戰(zhàn)激流進(jìn)行時(shí)的槍擊聲。但是在這棟房子，有毒品販子經(jīng)常出沒于她的門廊是非常糟糕的。
有時(shí)候她一天要報(bào)警好幾次，懇請(qǐng)警察把這些毒品販子驅(qū)散。但警車一旦在街角消失，那些毒品販子又會(huì)陸陸續(xù)續(xù)的回來。
作為一位五十多歲，子女已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大成人的母親，阿姆斯特德從未想象過要進(jìn)行這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗。但這并不是他第一次奮起應(yīng)付突如其來的挑戰(zhàn)了。在二十世紀(jì)就是年代中期，當(dāng)他自己的女兒染上毒癮，她的小外孫和外孫女需要人撫養(yǎng)時(shí)，阿姆斯特德就把那三個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩領(lǐng)來找管了。
2000年9月的一個(gè)晚上，在她遷入新居后大約一個(gè)月的時(shí)候，阿姆斯特德向上帝祈禱：“明天我要跟那些家伙談一談，請(qǐng)幫助我。”
第二天早上，她直接找到那幫人的頭，一個(gè)身穿牛仔褲，白色體恤衫的年輕人。阿姆斯特德的五臟六腑在翻滾，但她知道她決不能露出恐懼的樣子。
“這里是我的地方，”她平靜而溫和的說，臉上一直掛著裝出來的微笑，“我本不需要在進(jìn)自己家時(shí)還要說一聲‘請(qǐng)?jiān)彙?”
她對(duì)那個(gè)年輕人說，她不希望他和他的朋友在當(dāng)著她小外孫和外孫女的面販賣毒品。他們必須離開那個(gè)住宅，離開隔壁空關(guān)的住宅，離開那個(gè)街角。
那人一聲不響，阿姆斯特德的心已跳到喉嚨口。隨后那人點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。那伙人離開了。但過了幾天，他們又回來了。阿姆斯特德把他的要求又說了一遍，第二天，第三天又重說了一遍。
隨后，一件有趣的事情發(fā)生了。那伙人開始聽話了。他們轉(zhuǎn)移到了下一個(gè)街區(qū)，冬天來了，他們把他房前的積雪掃干凈。她生病的時(shí)候，他們還回來看望她。不久，他們就開始喊他“大媽”了。
她的外孫，外孫女悶可以在街上打球了。有時(shí)候，那些年輕人也會(huì)和他們一起玩。如果哪個(gè)孩子跟外婆頂嘴，某個(gè)年輕人就會(huì)說：“你不可以這樣講話，她是你外婆?！?/p>
阿姆斯特德不停地“嘀咕”，警告他們輕易得來的錢有危險(xiǎn)。“你們會(huì)被殺頭的?！彼龑?duì)他們說?！斑€是干點(diǎn)正經(jīng)事吧！”
人們對(duì)她說，她對(duì)那幫惡棍這樣講話真實(shí)太蠢了。尤其是在僅僅五個(gè)街區(qū)外另一個(gè)表明立場(chǎng)的大媽被殺之后。這個(gè)大媽叫安吉拉·道森。她置身與另一伙毒品販子進(jìn)行了戰(zhàn)斗----結(jié)果失敗了。道森家的房子被人放火燒了，安吉拉、她的丈夫卡內(nèi)爾和她的五個(gè)孩子都死了，這一悲劇成了震驚全國的新聞。鄰近地區(qū)內(nèi)的一名男子受到指控。阿姆斯特德不認(rèn)識(shí)安吉拉·道森，但她認(rèn)識(shí)她的孩子。在這場(chǎng)致死的大火后，她更加擔(dān)心了，但她并沒有停止。
而且她不僅僅限于談話。她一直是社區(qū)組織巴爾的摩發(fā)展領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能聯(lián)合會(huì)的推動(dòng)力。他們一起把毒品販子從一塊空地上趕走，在那里建了一個(gè)兒童游樂場(chǎng)。他們?cè)趯W(xué)校里開辦了一項(xiàng)放學(xué)后的校內(nèi)活動(dòng)，讓孩子們不要到街上去。他們促使市里和當(dāng)?shù)氐慕烫眉涌炝酥亟壏康牟椒ァ?/p>
前不久，阿姆斯特德偶然碰見了過去常在她前門臺(tái)階蕩來蕩去的那伙人中的一個(gè)。“嗨，大媽！”那人大喊了一聲，一邊緊緊的擁抱著她。他告訴她，他已經(jīng)找到一份工作，接著又說：“我真謝謝當(dāng)年你給我們嘀咕的那些話。”
阿姆斯特德對(duì)她產(chǎn)生的影響很是謙虛，她只是說：“知道自己的那番話至少說服了一個(gè)年輕人，這樣我就很開心了?！?/p>
第五篇：大學(xué)英語精讀第二冊(cè)u(píng)1-3翻譯
Unit1 The Dinner Party 關(guān)于男人是否比女人更勇敢的一場(chǎng)激烈爭(zhēng)論以一種頗為出人意料的方式解決了。
晚宴 莫娜·加德納
我最初聽到這個(gè)故事是在印度，那兒的人們今天講起它來仍好像確有其事似的——盡管任何一位博物學(xué)家都知道這不可能是真的。后來有人告訴我，在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之前不久，一家雜志曾刊登過這個(gè)故事。但登在雜志上的那篇故事以及寫那篇故事的人，我卻一直未能找到。
故事發(fā)生在印度。某殖民地官員和他的夫人正舉行盛大的晚宴。筵席設(shè)在他們家寬敞的餐室里，室內(nèi)大理石地板上沒有鋪地毯；屋頂明椽裸露；寬大的玻璃門外便是走廊。跟他們一起就坐的客人有軍官和他們的夫人，另外還有一位來訪的美國博物學(xué)家。
席間，一位年輕的女士同一位少校展開了熱烈的討論。年輕的女士認(rèn)為，婦女已經(jīng)有所進(jìn)步，不再像過去那樣一見到老鼠就嚇得跳到椅子上；少校則不以為然。
他說：“一遇到危急情況，女人的反應(yīng)便是尖叫。而男人雖然也可能想叫，但比起女人來，自制力卻略勝一籌。這多出來的一點(diǎn)自制力正是真正起作用的東西?！?/p>
那個(gè)美國人沒有參加這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，他只是注視著在座的其他客人。在他這樣觀察時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)女主人的臉上顯出一種奇異的表情。她兩眼盯著正前方，臉部肌肉在微微抽搐。她向站在座椅后面的印度男仆做了個(gè)手勢(shì)，對(duì)他耳語了幾句。男仆兩眼睜得大大的，迅速地離開了餐室。
在座的客人中除了那位美國人以外誰也沒注意到這一幕，也沒有看到那個(gè)男仆把一碗牛奶放在緊靠門邊的走廊上。
那個(gè)美國人突然醒悟過來。在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一個(gè)意思——引蛇的誘餌。他意識(shí)到餐室里一定有條眼鏡蛇。他抬頭看了看屋頂上的椽子——那是最可能有蛇藏身的地方——但那上面空蕩蕩的。室內(nèi)的三個(gè)角落里也是空的，而在第四個(gè)角落里，仆人們正在等著上下一道菜。這樣，剩下的就只有一個(gè)地方了——餐桌下面。
他首先想到的是往后一跳，并向其他人發(fā)出警告。但他知道這樣會(huì)引起騷亂，致使眼鏡蛇受驚咬人。于是他很快講了一通話，其語氣非常威嚴(yán)，竟使得所有的人都安靜了下來。
“我想了解一下在座的諸位到底有多大的克制能力，我數(shù)三百下——也就是五分鐘——你們誰都不許動(dòng)一動(dòng)。動(dòng)者將罰款五十盧比。準(zhǔn)備好！” 在他數(shù)數(shù)的過程中，那二十個(gè)人都像一尊尊石雕一樣端坐在那兒。當(dāng)他數(shù)到 “??二百八十??”時(shí)，突然從眼角處看到那條眼鏡蛇鉆了出來，向那碗牛奶爬去。在他跳起來把通往走廊的門全都砰砰地牢牢關(guān)上時(shí)，室內(nèi)響起了一片尖叫聲。
“你剛才說得很對(duì)，少校！” 男主人大聲說?！耙粋€(gè)男子剛剛為我們顯示了從容不迫、鎮(zhèn)定自若的范例。”
“且慢，” 那位美國人一邊說著一邊轉(zhuǎn)向女主人?！皽仄澨阍趺粗滥菞l眼鏡蛇是在屋子里呢？”
女主人臉上閃出一絲淡淡的微笑，回答說：“因?yàn)樗?dāng)時(shí)正從我的腳背上爬過去?！?/p>
Unit2 Lessons from Jefferson 杰斐遜已謝世很久，但他的許多思想仍使我們很感興趣。
杰斐遜的遺訓(xùn) 布魯斯·布利文
美國第三任總統(tǒng)托馬斯·杰斐遜也許不像喬治·華盛頓和亞伯拉罕·林肯那樣著名，但大多數(shù)人至少記得有關(guān)他的一件事實(shí)：是他寫的《獨(dú)立宣言》。雖然杰斐遜生活在二百多年以前，但我們今天仍可以從他身上學(xué)到很多東西。他的許多思想對(duì)當(dāng)代青年來說特別有意義。下面就是他講過和寫過的一些觀點(diǎn)：
自己去看。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，一個(gè)自由的人除了從書本中獲取知識(shí)外，還可以從許多別的來源獲得知識(shí)；他認(rèn)為，親自做調(diào)查是很重要的。在他還很年輕的時(shí)候，他就被任命為一個(gè)委員會(huì)的成員，去調(diào)查詹姆斯河南部支流的水深是否足以通行大型船只。委員會(huì)的其他成員都坐在州議會(huì)大廈內(nèi)研究有關(guān)這一問題的文件，而杰斐遜卻跳進(jìn)一只獨(dú)木舟去做現(xiàn)場(chǎng)觀測(cè)。
你可以向任何人學(xué)習(xí)。按出身及其所受的教育，杰斐遜均屬于最高的社會(huì)階層。然而，在那個(gè)貴人們除了發(fā)號(hào)施令以外很少跟出身卑賤的人說話的年代，杰斐遜卻常破例跟園丁、仆人和侍者交談。有一次杰斐遜曾這樣對(duì)法國貴族拉斐特說過：“你必須像我那樣到平民百姓的家里去，看看他們的鍋里煮些什么，吃吃他們的面包。只要你肯這樣做，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)老百姓為什么會(huì)不滿意，你就會(huì)理解正在威脅著法國的革命?！?/p>
自己作判斷。未經(jīng)過認(rèn)真的思考，杰斐遜絕不接受別人的意見。他在給侄子的信中寫道：“不要因?yàn)閯e的人相信或拒絕了什么東西，你也就去相信它或拒絕它。上帝賜予你一個(gè)用來判斷真理和謬誤的頭腦。那你就運(yùn)用它吧。” 杰斐遜覺得，人民“是完全可以信賴的，應(yīng)該讓他們聽到一切真實(shí)和虛偽的東西，然后作出正確的判斷。倘使讓我來決定，我們是應(yīng)該有一個(gè)政府而不要報(bào)紙呢還是應(yīng)該有報(bào)紙而不要政府，我會(huì)毫不猶豫地選擇后者。”
做你認(rèn)為是正確的事。在一個(gè)自由的國家里總會(huì)有各種相互沖突的思想，而這正是力量的源泉。使自由保持活力的是沖突而不是絕對(duì)的一致。雖然有好多年杰斐遜一直受到激烈的批評(píng)，但他從不回應(yīng)那些批評(píng)他的人。他在寫給一位朋友的信中表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)：“每個(gè)問題都有兩面。如果你堅(jiān)決站在一面并根據(jù)它有效地采取行動(dòng)，那么，站在另一面的那些人當(dāng)然會(huì)對(duì)你的行動(dòng)怨恨不滿?！?相信未來，相信青年。杰斐遜認(rèn)為，絕不可以用那些已經(jīng)無用的習(xí)俗來束縛住“現(xiàn)在”的手腳。他說：“沒有哪個(gè)社會(huì)可以制訂一部永遠(yuǎn)適用的憲法，甚至連一條永遠(yuǎn)適用的法律也制訂不出來。地球是屬于活著的一代的?！彼缓ε滦滤枷?，也不懼怕未來。他評(píng)論說：“有多少痛苦是由一些從未發(fā)生過的災(zāi)難引起的?。∥移诖氖亲詈玫臇|西，而不是最壞的東西。我滿懷希望地駕駛著自己的航船，而把恐懼拋在后面?！?/p>
杰斐遜的勇氣和理想主義是以知識(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的。他懂得的東西也許比同時(shí)代的任何人都要多。在農(nóng)業(yè)、考古學(xué)和醫(yī)學(xué)方面他都是專家。在人們普遍采用農(nóng)作物輪作和土壤保持的做法之前一個(gè)世紀(jì)，他就這樣做了。他還發(fā)明了一種比當(dāng)時(shí)任何一種都好的耕犁。他影響了整個(gè)美國的建筑業(yè)，他還不斷地制造出各種機(jī)械裝置，使日常生活中需要做的許多工作變得更加容易。
在杰斐遜的眾多才能中，有一種是最主要的：他首先是一位優(yōu)秀的、不知疲倦的作家。目前正在第一次出版的他的全集將超過五十卷。他作為一個(gè)作家的才能很快便被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，所以，當(dāng)1776年在費(fèi)城要撰寫《獨(dú)立宣言》的時(shí)刻來到時(shí)，這一任務(wù)便落在了他肩上。數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的人們讀到他寫的下列詞句都激動(dòng)不已：“我們認(rèn)為這些真理是不言而喻的：一切人生來就是平等的??”
1826年7月4日，正值美國獨(dú)立五十周年紀(jì)念日之際，杰斐遜與世長(zhǎng)辭了。他給他的同胞留下了一份豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)和眾多的榜樣。托馬斯·杰斐遜對(duì)美國的教育事業(yè)作出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)，他認(rèn)為，只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由。
Unit3 My First Job 為了想在進(jìn)大學(xué)前賺些錢，作者申請(qǐng)了一份教職。但面試情況卻越來越糟??
我的第一份工作 羅伯特·貝斯特
在我等著進(jìn)大學(xué)期間，我在一份地方報(bào)紙上看到一則廣告，說是在離我住處大約十英里的倫敦某郊區(qū)，有所學(xué)校要招聘一名教師。我因?yàn)槭诸^很拮據(jù)，同時(shí)也想做點(diǎn)有用的事，于是便提出了申請(qǐng)，但在提出申請(qǐng)的同時(shí)我也擔(dān)心，自己一無學(xué)位，二無教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
然而，三天之后，卻來了一封信，叫我到克羅伊登去面試。這一路去那兒原來還真麻煩：先乘火車到克羅伊頓車站，再乘十分鐘的公共汽車，然后還要至少步行四分之一英里。結(jié)果，我在六月一個(gè)炎熱的上午到了那兒，因?yàn)樾那榉浅＞趩?，竟不感到緊張了。
學(xué)校是一座裝著大窗戶的紅磚房子。前庭園是個(gè)鋪著沙礫的正方形：四個(gè)角上各有一叢冬青灌木，它們經(jīng)受著從繁忙的大街上吹來的塵煙，掙扎著活下去。開門的顯然是校長(zhǎng)本人。他又矮又胖，留著沙色的小胡子，前額上布滿皺紋，頭發(fā)差不多已經(jīng)禿光。
他帶著一種吃驚的、不以為然的神態(tài)看著我，就像一位上?？粗幻麤]系好靴帶的二等兵一樣。“哦，”他咕噥著說，“你最好到里面來。”那狹窄的、不見陽光的走廊里散發(fā)出一股腐爛的卷心菜味，聞上去很不舒服；墻上墨跡斑斑，顯得很臟；周圍一片靜寂。根據(jù)地毯上的面包屑來判斷，他的書房也是他的餐室?！澳阕詈米拢彼f，接著便問了我許多問題：為了得到普通學(xué)校證書我學(xué)過哪些課程；我多大歲數(shù)了；我會(huì)玩些什么游戲；問到這里他突然用他那雙充滿血絲的眼睛盯住我，問我是否認(rèn)為游戲是兒童教育的一個(gè)極為重要的組成部分。我含含糊糊地說了些不必太重視游戲之類的話。他咕噥了幾句。我說了錯(cuò)話。我和校長(zhǎng)顯然沒有多少共同語言。
他說，學(xué)校只有一個(gè)班，二十四名男生，年齡從七歲到十三歲不等，除了美術(shù)課他親自教以外，其余所有的課程都得由我來教。星期三和星期六的下午要到一英里以外的公園去踢足球，打板球。
整個(gè)教學(xué)計(jì)劃把我嚇壞了。我得把全班學(xué)生分成三個(gè)組，按三種不同的程度輪流給他們上課；想到要教代數(shù)和幾何這兩門我在讀書時(shí)學(xué)得極差的科目，我感到很害怕。更糟糕的也許是星期六下午打板球的安排，因?yàn)檫@時(shí)候我的朋友大都會(huì)在悠閑地自得其樂。
我怯生生地問：“我的薪水是多少？”“每周十二磅外加中飯?！边€沒等我來得及提出異議，他已經(jīng)站了起來。“好了，”他說，“你最好見見我的妻子。她才是這所學(xué)校真正的主管人。”
我再也無法忍受了。我當(dāng)時(shí)很年輕：在一個(gè)女人手下工作的前景構(gòu)成了最大的侮辱。
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