第一篇：大學(xué)英語電子教案1

第一章 交際用語

第一節(jié) 基本介紹

考試的第一部分交際用語是通過10個對話的形式來測試考生掌握日常生活常見情景中的基本交際用語的能力。具體考查如下

1.英語中功能性用語，如：問候語，感謝語，請求/提供幫助，征求意見語，告別，道歉、接受、拒絕等。

2.西方社會生活中常見的情景對話，如：打電話、購物、問路、借東西、銀行等等。3.西方社會人們交際的基本禮節(jié)。4.中西方交際習(xí)慣的差異 5 容易混淆的一些表達(dá)

根據(jù)統(tǒng)計，按?？嫉念l率排序為：

參考范圍如下：

功能性的日常對話用語

1.問候與應(yīng)答

2.感謝與應(yīng)答3.道歉與應(yīng)答 4.邀請與應(yīng)答 5．道別與應(yīng)答6.請求幫助與應(yīng)答

7.提供幫助與應(yīng)答

8.祝愿與應(yīng)答

9.恭維贊美與應(yīng)答

10.安慰與應(yīng)答

11.詢問時間和日期

12.征詢意見與應(yīng)答

日常生活情景對話用語

1.打電話 2.問路3.問詢事務(wù) 4.約會 5.購物 6.就餐7.旅游 8.學(xué)校生活 9.家庭生活 10.健康 11.天氣

第二節(jié)

語言重點講解

第一部分 功能性的日常對話用語 以下提供按不同功能分類的12種日常對話用語

1．問候與應(yīng)答 問候：

How are you/ your kid（孩子）?

How is everything with you?/ How is it going?/How are you doing ? / How are you getting along?/ What?s going on? 最近怎樣?。?/p>

Haven?t seen you for ages!What are you busy doing now? 好久不見了，忙什么了？ What?re you up to? 你在忙些什么？

What?s new? / What?s up? 怎么樣??？ Long time no see!好久沒見

What brings you here? 是什么風(fēng)把你吹來了？ 回答

I?m fine, thank you.Just fine.Nothing to complain 沒啥可抱怨的/挺好的 Not bad, thank you.Not very well.I?ve got a cold.不是很好，我感冒了。

As usual./ Same old stuff / Not much./ Nothing special./ Nothing in particular.老樣子

注意事項：

1).打招呼用語應(yīng)熟悉程度而正式非正式而不同。比如初次見面有第三者介紹后再致問候，就比較正式。

介紹類 自我介紹

My name is Carlos.我的名字是Carlos。Hello.I'm Kim.您好。我是Kim。

Let me introduce myself.請讓我來做自我介紹。介紹他人 This is Mr.…

May I introduce you to …? Allow me to introduce … 介紹后問候 How do you do?

Nice /Glad/ Pleased to meet you.Hi, my name is Tom Green.Call me Tom.注意事項：

1）老熟人之間的問候可以只是簡單的 Hi!

2).問候后可以寒暄聊天，聊聊天氣，家人，近況。但要避免打聽對方的私事。回避中方的傳統(tǒng)問候如： Where are you going?

Did you have meal? 3).也可以關(guān)心對方的身體，通常是：How are you?

如果發(fā)現(xiàn)對方狀態(tài)不好，要委婉的問“You look tired, are you OK?”

而要回避中方的習(xí)慣“Are you sick?”此類直譯說法。

另外探望病人時用 “How are you feeling?”

例子說明

1．---How are you, Bob?(Test1)

---_______.A.How are you?

B.I?m fine.Thank you.C.How do you do?

D.Nice to meet you.選B.對于how are you 的問候回答，就可以具體來回答是好還是壞，比如 fine，not bad, not good 等，但是對于how do you do 的問候，就必須是回答how do you do.這是第一次見面時的用語。

2.答謝與應(yīng)答

西方交際中“謝”不離口。對于別人提供的舉手之勞，對于夸贊，對于別人的邀請不管接受與否都要先表達(dá)謝意再說。

表達(dá)謝意 Thank you.Thanks a lot.I really appreciate what you?ve done.我很感激你為我所做的一切。

appreciate 感激 Thank you for the book you gave to me.Thank you all/just the same.(當(dāng)別人未能提供實質(zhì)性的幫助時候。比如問路，別人說不知道,沒能給你幫上忙，但你還是要說 “Thank you all the same.(還是謝謝你)回應(yīng)感謝

Don?t mention it.It?s/ That?s all right.That?s okay.It?s my pleasure./ My pleasure.I?m glad you like it.You?re welcome.注意事項：

1).不要把中文的答謝語“沒關(guān)系”和“不要緊” 套用為It doesn?t matter./Never mind.2).不要套用中文的“這是我應(yīng)該做的”（This is my duty.This is what I should do）.3).That?s very kind of you.是別人在幫助你后你表達(dá)對對方的感謝。不用You?re so kind.例子說明

——Wow!This is a marvelous room!I?ve never known you?re so artistic!（Test 6）——_______.A.Great, I?m very art-conscious.B.Don?t mention it C.Thanks for your compliments.D.It?s fine.“This is a marvelous room!” 這個房間真棒！

對于此類的夸贊(compliment)的話，都要 3 先表示謝謝。B的don?t mention it 是用來回應(yīng)別人的謝意時的用法。

3.道歉與應(yīng)答 表達(dá)歉意

I?m terribly sorry for keeping you waiting.(terribly, 程度副詞，意思是“非常地”)Excuse me for my interruption.很抱歉打擾你 I?m sorry that I?m late.Sorry to call you so late.I beg your pardon../Pardon me.（沒聽清，請對方重復(fù)時）

Excuse me.（打斷別人談話，需要提前離開時，或請人讓路時）回應(yīng)道歉

It doesn?t matter.Never mind.Don?t keep it in mind.That?s OK.That?s all right.注意事項

excuse me/ us 作為開頭問話語，通常在說或做可能令人不悅的事情之前使用?；貞?yīng)的人不必理會excuse me/ us, 只需回應(yīng)excuse me/us后的說話內(nèi)容。例子說明

1）---I?m sorry.I lost the key.---_______.A.Well, it?s ok.B.No, It?s all right.C.You are welcome

D.You are wrong.選A.對于對方的歉意，可以回答it?s ok./ It?s all right.但是B項中的NO 是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。A項中的well是個感嘆詞，做接話詞之用（應(yīng)對之際，答話之前使用）。也可表示同意，猶豫等情感。

2）---Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office?(test 6)

---____ Oh yes!The two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue.You can?t miss it.A.I beg your pardon?

B.What do you mean?

C.You?re welcome.D.Mm, let me think.選D.speaker A 中的excuse me是在打擾別人問別人問題時候慣常加的一句禮貌表達(dá)。對此speaker B 不需要做專門回應(yīng)。此題中從oh yes 這個下文可以感到回答者對于此問題做了一番思考，所以選D合適。A是沒聽懂或聽清時候請對方重述的表達(dá)；B是請對方解釋或者反問時的表達(dá)； C是對于對方的致謝時候的回復(fù)。

4.邀請與應(yīng)答

邀請

Would you like to come with me? I?d like to invite you to dinner tonight.We?d like to invite you to join us.Would you mind if I ask you to sit with me? I wonder if you can… 接受邀請的應(yīng)答 Yes, I?d love to.Thanks for your invitation.It?s my pleasure.拒絕邀請的應(yīng)答

I?d love to, but...(后面補(bǔ)充不能接受邀請的原因)I?m afraid I am busy.I?m afraid I can?t.But thank you all the same.I am sorry to turn you down.我很抱歉必須拒絕你.turn.down 拒絕

注意事項：

1).在西方對于對方的邀請，不管是接受或拒絕都會表達(dá)對對方的邀請的謝意。因此在回答時候，要避免只是簡單的“Thank you”，而不附加接受或謝絕的語句，這樣容易表達(dá)不清，讓對方不明白你到底是拒絕還是接受了。2).要注意禮貌委婉。

別人邀請你參加他們的活動, 就算你不想去, 也不要直接了當(dāng)?shù)卣f “No, I don't want to…” 這樣子別人下次可能就不會找你了.試著用這種比較好的說法.先說 “I really want to…” , 或是 “I really love to…”, 再來才接著說 “but I got hundreds of things to do”.這樣感覺上比較禮貌, 也比較不會讓別人覺得沒面子.3)要回避一些中文式的表達(dá)。

如，中文里拒絕別人常會說，“我有事“，這里不能直接翻譯成 “Sorry,I have something to do”,而應(yīng)該說“I?m afraid I?m busy/ I?m engaged.” 另外，最好是說出你那個時間短具體還有什么事情要做，以表誠意。

例子說明

1）---We are going to have a singing party tonight.Would you like to join us?(Test 4)---________ A.I?m afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.B.Of course not.I have no idea.C.No, I can?t.D.That?s all set.選A.對于別人的邀請拒絕時候一定要委婉，像A中的 I?m afraid not 就要比C中的No 有禮貌，另外還要說明原因以示真誠。D 表示“一切都搞定了”。2）---Can you go to the concert with us this evening?（Test 4）

---___________

A.No, I already have plans.B.I?d love to, but I?m busy tonight.C.No, I really don?t like being with you.D.I?m ill, so I shouldn?t go out.選B.同樣也是要委婉拒絕，A，C的硬邦邦的No來拒絕要排除。D里也缺了寒暄套語，不符合西方文化，所以還是選擇B。

5．道別與應(yīng)答

I'd better go now.我最好現(xiàn)在就走。Sorry, I must be off.I have to go now./I have to get going./ I have to run.我必須走了。/我得走了。

I?m afraid I must be going/ leaving.I?m afraid I must go now.Thank you for your dinner.回應(yīng)

表示挽留的回應(yīng)

Are you already leaving? Do you really have to go？/ Couldn?t you at least stay for another cup of tea? 不挽留的回應(yīng)

Bye./

Bye-bye./Good-bye.See you soon.希望很快再見 So long.再見。

Speak to you soon.稍后再交談。

See you./ See you later.Take care.保重。

Take it easy.再見,祝你過得輕松愉快。Have a nice day.祝您全天愉快。I'll call back later.稍后我將回電話。I'll call you soon.我很快將給您打電話。

It's been really nice seeing you again.能與您再次見面我真高興。Let's get together soon.讓我們不久后再相聚。Let's keep [stay] in touch.讓我們保持聯(lián)系。

I won?t keep/ hold up you, then.It was nice of you to come.Nice talking with you.I?ll be seeing you.I'll walk you out.我送你出去吧.注意事項：

1).中文的告別客套話像主人的“請慢走（Walk slowly）“,客人的“請留步（Stay where you are）”,“不要送了（Don?t come any further）” 不能生硬的加以套用。英文中相似含義的表達(dá)是 “Take it easy”/ “Drive safely/carefully”

2).主人可以問 Do you have a good time today? 今天玩的高興嗎? 或者可以囑咐Take care.例子說明：

---Marilyn，I?m afraid I have to be leaving now.(Test 1)

---__________.A.That sounds wonderful.B.Oh, so early? C.Not at all.D.Good luck.選B.對話中Speaker A 表明要告辭了，只有B表明是想挽留的含義。

6.請求幫助與應(yīng)答

I wonder if you could …?

I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to … Do you mind doing something for me? 應(yīng)答

提供幫助

Sure./ Certainly./Of course./ No problem./ All right./ With pleasure.Yes/ Sure，here you are.(遞給對方物品的時候)拒絕幫助

No.I am afraid I can?t … I?m sorry.I need to … I?d like to say yes, but…

注意事項：

拒絕他人的請求時候，拒絕方式一定要禮貌，而且要說明無法滿足請求的原因與理由。

例子說明：

---Would you mind changing seats with me?(Test 4)---_______

A.Yes, you can.B.Of course, I like to

C.No ,I don?t mind

D.Certainly, please do.選C.此句為請求的回應(yīng)。對于英語中mind一詞的回答，如果介意，就用yes;如果不介意，就用no.7.提供幫助與應(yīng)答

提供幫助What can I do for you? Let me do it for you.Do you need me to do it for you? 應(yīng)答 接受幫助 Please.Thank you for your help.拒絕幫助 No, thank you.Thank you all the same.8.祝愿與應(yīng)答

祝福Congratulations!Good luck to you!I?m glad to hear that.（聽到對方的好消息時）Many happy returns of the day!（生日祝福時）

Have a nice trip.Wish you success!應(yīng)答

Thank you.Same to you.You too.9.恭維贊美與應(yīng)答 You?re so pretty today.Good job./ Well done!（干得好?。?/p>

You speak English quite well.You?re a great cook.The food are delicious!That's excellent/ awesome/ terrific.那真是太棒了 Good for you.真替你高興（聽到好消息時候，如對方提到I'm getting married this month.你就可以說, ”Good for you.“ 或是 ”Good to hear.“）應(yīng)答 Thanks!It?s very nice of you to say so.Do you really think so?

注意事項：

對于夸贊，英語國家的人是傾向于接受，而中國人是傾向于不接受或不正面接受，總是習(xí)慣使用謙辭，如，“ 哪里”，“ 差得遠(yuǎn)”“ 過獎了，比不上你”等。若真想表達(dá)謙虛，就可用 That?s quite a compliment coming from you./ I?m flattered./ You?re flattering me.而不要生硬翻譯。另外，對于這謙虛的回答，夸贊方可以再來一句“Own it!”來強(qiáng)調(diào)，表明“你確實如此”之意。

10.安慰與應(yīng)答 個人心情

I?m really tired.What a day!

Dear me!哎呀！真糟糕！詢問關(guān)心

What?s happened? 怎么啦？ What?s the matter with you? What?s wrong with you? What?s up ?

You do look tired.How come? 怎么回事??？ 寬慰勸解

I?m sorry to hear it.很遺憾聽到這 Come on!沒事！

No more hard feelings!別傷心了！

別難過了！Cheer up!開心點！振作起來！

That?s not the end of the world.這不是世界末日。.詢問時間與日期 What time is it?

Excuse me , do you have the time? Do you have the watch with you? What does your watch say? What date is it today? It?s time for us to … 應(yīng)答

Three past nine.I?m sorry.I don?t have a watch./I don?t have the time.12.征詢意見與應(yīng)答

Do you mind my smoking here? 介意時：Yes, I do 不介意時： No, go ahead.No, I don?t mind.Not at all.例1.May I use your bike for a moment? 答應(yīng)時:Sure./ By all means.不答應(yīng)時:

I?d like to say yes, but I need to go to the library by bike now.例2.What would you like to have, meat or fish---Either will do(都可以)---Whatever.(隨便)

---I prefer fish to meat.(我更喜歡魚而不是肉)

表示個人意見類日常用語 I think you should do that.I believe it is right.I guess he is right.You are right.I agree with you.I think so.I am afraid you are wrong.Maybe not.第二部分 日常生活情景對話用語 以下共11個常用生活情景對話用語 1． 打電話 呼叫方

May I speak to Kathy ? Is Kathy at home ? Is Kathy available?

I?d like to talk to your manager.我找。。。

This is Liu speaking.May I speak to …?

我是劉，我找。。I?m sorry to bother you at this hour.不好意思，這時候打擾你。I hope I didn?t catch u at a bad time.回應(yīng)方

He's not in at the moment.He?s away from desk.他走了。He is tied up at the moment.有點忙

He is stuck at work.他手頭有事走不開

He ?s on another phone / He is busy on an phone。他在打電話（注意介詞是 on）He's out for lunch.Would you like to try again an hour later? 他出去吃午餐了, 你要不要一小時后再打來?(be out for lunch/ be on lunch/ be on(lunch)break.” 不說He went out for lunch.went 是多余的)

Please hold.Hold on, please / Would you like to hold?/ Would you mind holding for one minute?等會兒，別掛了

May I ask who?s speaking/ calling? /Who?s that speaking?/ And you are? 你是?請問你是誰？

I?ll get you through.我?guī)湍憬油? 轉(zhuǎn)過去。

I?ll get your party to you.我把你要找的人叫來。

I'll put her on the phone.Just a second.我會請她聽電話, 請等一下。I?ll connect you to extension.幫你轉(zhuǎn)到分機(jī)。I got through./ I can't get through.You?re wanted on the phone.有人找你。Sorry, wrong number.不好意思打錯了。

I?ve got the wrong number.She even hung me up!她竟然掛我電話。She hung up on me.注意事項

1).英語打電話時候，接聽人喜歡自報家門 Hello, this is Jack speaking.或者先報自家電話號碼。而中文電話時是對方不問則不說，通常是問打電話的，“你是誰？”

2).問對方是誰的時候，不要直譯成“ Who are you?”

也不要問打電話者有什么事或者干什么“What?s your business??這類生硬直譯。而應(yīng)該是 Who is speaking/ calling, please? Who is that speaking, please May I know who is that speaking? 3).如果接聽電話的正是對方要找的人可以說： This is …speaking.Speaking, please.請講

4).如果別人要找的人不在, 有二種選擇, 第一種是請別人晚點再打來, 用 try again/ call again或者 call back/ try back。第二種選擇就是請對方留言, 客氣一點的講法是, “May I take your message?” 或是 “Would you like to leave a message?”(你想留言嗎 ?)

2.問路 問路 Excuse me.Is this the way to the square? Excuse me, sir.Where is the post office?

Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station? 回應(yīng)

Certainly/Sure.Go down this street.You won?t miss it.I am not sure.Why don?t you ask the man over there.我不太清楚，問那邊的那個先生吧。I?m sorry.I am a stranger here.3．問詢事務(wù)

Excuse me.May I ask where I can find a restroom? Could you tell me what time it is now? Is the booking office here?

Are those seats taken/ occupied? 這位子有人嗎？ 例：

1.--Excuse me.Where is the restroom?

--It?s around the corner.2.--Is the booking office here?

--It is upstairs.3.--Are those seats taken?

--I?m sorry.They are taken.4.約會 邀請方

I?d like to meet you on Monday.Shall we make an appointment? How about Tuesday afternoon? Will Sunday do? 回應(yīng) OK.That will do.Sure.例：

1.--Shall we meet at the school gate after class?

--OK.2.--How about Friday afternoon?

--Could we change another time.I?ll be busy then.3.--When do you think you can come?--Will Sunday do?

5.購物

服務(wù)人員

May I help you?

What can I do for you, sir? Is there anything I can help? Are you interested in anything? 顧客

Yes, I?d like to buy a TV set.Do you have any fresh apple? I?m looking for …

我在找??

Just looking/ browsing.隨便看看。I?m just check things out.我轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)看看。

6.就餐 服務(wù)人員

How many are there in your party? 你們一起幾位?。浚ㄗ⒁猓簆arty此處不是指晚會而是指一個團(tuán)體，即一起）

Would you like to sit at the window? Are you ready to order? / May I take your order?

可以點菜了嗎? What would you like to drink? Would you like a refill? 需要續(xù)杯嗎？

Are you guys OK? 您還需要些什么東西嗎？ For here or to go? 這兒吃還是帶走？

顧客

A table for two, please.請安排一下兩個人的桌子。What would you recommend? 你推薦什么菜？ To go.帶走

We are in a hurry.Please rush our order.請快點上菜。Will you bring the bill? 把賬單來過來。/買單。

7.旅游

Would you please check out? 請您結(jié)賬

Do you need room service? 需要客房服務(wù)嗎？

Do you need a single ticket or return ticket? 要單程票還是往返票？ Do you take credit card?

I?m sorry.We only take cash.只收現(xiàn)金 例：

1.– I?d like to book a flight to Beijing?

--One way or round trip?(Single or return?)是單程票還是往返票?

2.--May I cash some money?

--Show your ID card.3.--Are you checking out today? 今天退房嗎？

--No, I?ll stay until Tuesday.8.學(xué)校生活 教職工

Class is over.Let?s call it a day.今天就到這兒 English Listening is in Room 405.The homework is due next Monday.作業(yè)下周一交。Hand in your homework before Monday.Any questions？

What?s the holdup? 為什么遲交作業(yè)？

The library is open from 8 : 00 a.m.to 9 :00 p.m.例：

1.--The deadline for your paper is next Sunday.--Could I hand in next Tuesday?

2.--Read aloud, so that every one can hear you?

--I?m sorry.I have a bad cold.3.--The library will be closed on Sunday.--Shall we study in the dormitory?

9.家庭生活

Will you please help me with the dishes? What?s happening next door? My mother is not feeling well.I?m getting married.It?s getting late.Turn down the radio.Turn down the volume of the TV.10.健康 醫(yī)生

What?s wrong with you?

Take this medicine and drink a lot of water.病人

I?m feeling terrible.I have pain in my stomach.How many bills should I take? 例句

---I don?t feel quite well today.---Did you see the doctor?

11.天氣

What?s the weather like today? How is the weather in Shanghai? A fine day, isn?t it? It looks like rain.It?s getting cloudy.例：

1.--How?s the weather like in your city now?

--Very cold.2.– It?s getting cloudy.--Looks like rain.3.--A fine day, isn?t it?

第三部分 重難點講解

此部分針對一些含義豐富的口頭表達(dá)短語 和一些容易混淆的表達(dá)做重點詳解

Come on!含義非常豐富，在不同的場合配不同的語氣就會有含有不同的意思。

例一： 在大熱天你看到人家穿了一件毛衣, 你就可以說 come on, dude。就是說大哥, 拜托你喔.(有點受不了人家的意思)

例二： 你老爸一個勁嘮叨你的不是，你可以說Come on, daddy.其意思是拜托您請您別講了好不好？

例三：跟同學(xué)約好了五點出門, 結(jié)果他四點五十九分了, 他還在磨蹭，你也可以催他, Come on, it's five already.例四：Come on 也可以當(dāng)作叫人家過來的意思, 例如你看到你同學(xué)在走路, 你就可以說, Come on, I'll give you a ride.例五： 同學(xué)考砸了，在哭哭啼啼，你也可以說，Come on , it is not a

big deal.此處就是安慰別人。

另外給人人打氣加油的意思。

What's up? 什么事? 1.“What's up?” 是很常用的一種打招呼方式.這就是問對方近來怎樣, 有什么事嗎? 通常如果沒什么事人家就會說 “Not much.” 不過還有一種情況也很常見, 你先跟人家說 “Hey!What's up?” 那別人也不說 “Not much”, 反而反問一句, “What's up?” 所以 “What's up?” 已經(jīng)變成有點 Hello!的味道在里面了.2.“What's up?” 也常被用來問人家有什么事? 例如有人登門拜訪, 你就會說 “What's up?” 到底有何貴干啊?

How Come 為什么?(怎么會這樣?)

How come 的用法大部分就等于 why 但是它的用法沒有像 why 那么廣, 它通常是用在你覺得奇怪, 而問為什么的時候, 比如說有人早上一大早要去 supermarket 你就會問他.“How come?”

另外, 當(dāng)別人問你一個問題, 而你不想回答時可以說 “How come?” 相當(dāng)于, “Why do you ask that?” 也就是說 “It's none of your business!”

雖然 how come 跟 why 的用法上差不多, 但二者的問法不同, 例如上句, “Why is our oven broken?” 換成 how come 的話, 要說成, “How come our oven is broken?” 注意一下, 這二句的 be 動詞位置是不一樣的

Same here.我也是.例如上網(wǎng)聊天最后大家常會說, “All right.I have to go to bed now.”(好吧, 我該去睡覺了.)這時對方就可以回答, “same here.” 表示我也該睡覺了.另外 ditto 這個用法也流行過好一陣子.它的意思是, “同上”。例如 在電影 人鬼情未了(Ghost)里, Demi Moore 和 Patrick Swayze 的對話, “I love you.” “Ditto.”

You are set.你完成了.That’s all set.All set!做好了。準(zhǔn)備好了。（見《大學(xué)英語》Test 4，NO5）

就是做完一件事就叫 set.比如你租用了雙人自行車環(huán)東湖騎行后，在歸還時候, 出租方要檢查，如果都沒問題, 就可以說, Everything is all right, you are set.意思是說, 沒問題, 你可以走了.一般 set 是單指一件事, 如果不單只有一件事, 則用 all set.又例如說,大家一起分工完成一些事情, 當(dāng)leader問你完成了沒, 而你也已經(jīng)完成你負(fù)責(zé)部分的時候，就可以講 all set, sir!就是說全部完成了

也可以以反問的語氣說, all set? 就是問“都做完了嗎？”

That's that.與That's it.That's that 通常是接在否定句后, 意思是, 就這樣了, 不必再多說了.這樣的語氣是很強(qiáng)烈的, 通常聽的人可能會不太高興.比如有時面對粘人的電話推銷員也許一開始你只是很客氣地說, “I am not interested.” 可是有些人就會不識相地一直說, “What do you want me to do to change your mind?” 這時就可不客氣地說, “I don't want it, and that's that.” 表達(dá)厭煩了的語氣。.That's it.的意思是就這樣吧, 就這些吧, 在點餐時會用到，表示結(jié)束，沒有不耐煩的語氣。

That's OK.與OK “That's OK.” 和 “OK.” 指的是完全不同的意思.“That's OK.” 其實有“沒關(guān)系, 無所謂”的味道在里面。Ok表示是“可以”。

比如如果別人問你要不要先洗個澡啊? 你答, “That's OK.” 就是不要的意思, 相當(dāng)于 “I'm fine.” “ 我很好, 你不用操心”的意思, 言下之意就是“你不用麻煩了, 我會照顧我自己”。

如果回答用的 “OK.” 卻是要洗澡的意思.第三節(jié) 總結(jié)

1.要熟悉英語中的各種功能性的表達(dá)并熟悉各種情景的對話用語，這樣可以在短時間內(nèi)，判斷對話發(fā)生的地點和場景。

2.要熟悉西方人們?nèi)粘５慕浑H習(xí)慣，禮貌規(guī)則。了解中西方的交際習(xí)慣差異。特別提醒大家注意：我們是在說英語，不是用英語的句型套用漢語的習(xí)慣。在交際用語中，考生應(yīng)該選擇符合西方文化的語言，特別注意 Thank you和Sorry 的使用。

3.在做交際用語題題目時候。要注意答案不是明顯的對錯問題，它是指是否符合英語口語習(xí)慣的問題。答題時，不是尋找錯誤，而是判斷語言的使用是否規(guī)范。所以通過多做多說多了解文化培養(yǎng)自己的英語語感。

4.建議找一本中級程度的英語口語書作為平時交際應(yīng)用學(xué)習(xí)的參考與輔導(dǎo)。

第二篇：大學(xué)英語(全新版)第四冊電子教案

(全新版)第四冊電子教案

Unit three Job Interview I.Teaching objectives Students will be able to: 1.grasp the main idea(Man changes nature in order to live.However, man must also be careful not to disregard the law of nature.)

and

structure

of

the

text

（A comparison-and-contrast analysis of the two invasions);2.realize the importance of examples in illustrating one’s points;3.master key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4.conduct a series of reading, listening , speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II.Text Analysis

According to the Writing Strategy in Unit 4, there are usually five ways to begin an essay: using a quotation , stating the time and place of the event to be described , providing relevant background information, and giving a surprising or interesting fact.Text A of this unit starts with a personal story , which could also be very appealing to readers.Personal experiences sound the reader.Then the author offers four keys to getting hired.All are instructive yet each is begun in a way different from the rest stylistically.Let’s have a closer look at them one by one.Key 1 starts with a quotation—― If you miss one day of practice, you notice the difference,‖ the saying goes among musicians.― If you miss two days of practice, the critics notice the difference.If you miss three days of practice, the audience notices the difference.‖

Key 2 starts with a surprising fact—―Recently I played a doubles tennis match paired with a 90-year-old.‖

Key 3 begins with a question—―Do you remember the four –minute mile?‖

Key 4 begins with a personal opinion—―In my opinion, the majority of New York cabdrivers are unfriendly , in not downright rude.Most of the cabs are filthy, and almost all of them sport an impenetrable, bulletproof partition‖.All this makes the article more appealing to the reader.III.Cultural Notes: IV.Language Study 1.applicant

求職者，申請人

e.g.Graduate schools generally require applicants to submit scores on the Graduate Record Exam(GRE).2.supplier: n.a business that supplies goods to services to a purchaser 供應(yīng)廠商;供應(yīng)者

e.g.They used to be a leading supplier of military equipment.他們曾是軍用設(shè)備的供應(yīng)商.I’ll contact the supplier and see if I can get the paint you want by Friday.我會和供應(yīng)廠商聯(lián)系,看能不能在星期五之前搞到你要的涂料.3.interview

vt.question to decide if sb.is right for a job 面試

e.g.John is being interviewed next week for the Chief Executive's job.4.grill vt.(infml)question intensely;cook under or over direct heat 盤問；燒烤

e.g.Tom was grilled by customs officers for several hours.After being grilled by the police for two days, Johnson signed a confession.被警方盤問了兩天之后, 約翰遜在招供書上簽了字.uld grill her about where she’d been.她父母會盤問她去過什么地方.I decided to grill the sausages rather than fry them.我決定把這些香腸烤一烤, 而不是油炸.5.mock: a.simulated;artificial, but similar to the original 模擬的;仿制的

e.g.Mock interviews and tape-recording answers will pay handsome dividends at the interview itself.做模擬面試并錄下回答會使你在真正面試時大獲裨益.―Might be true,‖ said Harry with a look of mock horror on his face.―也許是真的,‖哈里說道, 臉上帶著裝出來的恐怖表情..6.follow up

take additional steps to further(a previous action)采取進(jìn)一步行動

e.g.If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation.The idea sounded interesting and I decided to follow it up.這個想法很有意思,我決定進(jìn)一步深入研究.nitial research and write a book.他決定對初步研究作進(jìn)一步拓展,寫成一本書.7.in sb's hands

in sb.'s possession 在某人手中，為某人所擁有

e.g.His father's company has been in his hands for some years.The affair is no longer in my hands.這事已經(jīng)不歸我管了.Unless I receive a satisfactory response from you within a month I shall put this matter in the hands of my solicitor.除非在一個月之內(nèi)收到滿意的答復(fù), 不然我會把這件事交給我的律師去管.8.prospective

a.likely to become or be 可能成為的；預(yù)期的

e.g.The chief function of direct-mail advertising is to familiarize prospective buyers

with a product.We’ve had three sets of prospective buyers looking round the house.已經(jīng)有三批想買房子的顧客來這兒看過了.We have received letters of application from several

我們已經(jīng)收到了好幾位投考者的申請信.9.as I see it

in my opinion 在我看來

e.g.As I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever had.As I see it , this is the best book on the subject.10.(as)the saying goes 俗話說，常言道

e.g.As an old English saying goes, “If you want to live and thrive, let a spider run alive!”

As the saying goes, ―He who laughs last laughs longest.‖ 11.endeavor

n.an effort or attempt to do sth.努力，盡力

v.try(to do sth.)努力（做某事），盡力（做某事）e.g.Please make every endeavor to arrive punctually.In spite of our endeavors , it has proven impossible to contact her.盡管我們盡了最大的努力,結(jié)果還是聯(lián)系不上她.Crossing the North Pole foot was an amazing feat of human endeavor.徒步穿越北極是人類的一大壯舉.ngineering are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem.工程師們正努力尋找問題的癥結(jié)所在.12.do one’s homework: make preparation beforehand 事先做好準(zhǔn)備

e.g.It was obvious that she had done her homework and thoroughly prepared for her interview.顯然她為面試作了充分的準(zhǔn)備.The politician had clearly not done his homework for the conference.那個政客會前顯然沒有做準(zhǔn)備工作.He had done his homework before he delivered the speech.13.go after

try hard to obtain 努力爭取，追求

e.g.Are you planning to go after Peter's job when he leaves?

14.wander: v.walk around slowly in a relaxed way or without any clear purpose or

direction 漫游;閑逛 e.g.I’ll just wander around the mall for half an hour.我就在商城里逛半小時.He was here a moment ago but he’s wandered off

他剛才還在這兒, 不過現(xiàn)在走了.15.work on: spend time working in order to produce something;try hard to produce

improve something 從事于;至力于;努力改進(jìn)

e.g.She’s based in the lab, working full-time on a cure for SARS.她就住在實驗室,全部時間都至力于找出治療 ―非典‖的方法.His dancing technique is good, but he needs to work on his fitness.他的舞技不錯,但需要增進(jìn)體能.16.incidentally

ad.by the way(used when adding more information to what was said before, or when you want to talk about sth.else you have just thought of)順便提起地，附帶地

e.g.Incidentally, this wine goes particularly well with cheese.Incidentally, if you want to see her again , let me know.17.chuckle

vi.咯咯地笑

e.g.The professor chuckled when we told her that we were afraid of her.Chuckle 輕聲地笑;暗自笑(通常是低聲或無聲的,也可以是獨(dú)自閱讀或思考時的反應(yīng).Chortle大聲地笑;咯咯地笑(通常聲音較大,而且多是當(dāng)眾的)

e.g.He chuckled to himself when he remembered the trick he’d played on them.他想起捉弄他們的事就忍俊不禁.When I told them what had happened to me, they all chortled with mirth.我把我的事告訴他們以后,他們?nèi)伎┛┑匦α?18.physically

ad.with regard to the body;according to the laws of nature 身體上地；按自然法則地

physical a.of or concerning the body;of or concerning the laws of nature 身體的；按自然法則的

e.g.Physically I find him very attractive, but we don't have the same outlook on life.Human populations differ in their skin color, eye color and shape, hair color and other physical characteristics.Regular exercise enhances people’s sense of mental well being along with their general physical health.crack

n.an attempt or try;a sharp snapping sound 嘗試；噼啪聲

take/have a crack(at)try to do(sth.)嘗試

e.g.They have decided to have a crack at the doubles championship.It’s not something I’ve done before , but I’ll have /take a crack at it.這事我從沒干過,可是我要試試.Have another crack at solving this puzzle.再試試解這個謎吧.20.deadline

n.a time limit by which sth.must be done 最終期限

e.g.Tomorrow is the deadline for the students to hand in their term paper.21.identifiable

capable of being identified 可識別的，可確認(rèn)的 identify vt.識別，鑒別

e.g.In her bright yellow coat, she was easily identifiable in the crowd.22.make a difference

change the situation or outlook;have an effect 改變現(xiàn)狀或觀點； 產(chǎn)生影響

ade all the difference for Alex.Where you live can make such a difference to the way you feel.Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.鍛煉可以使你的健康狀況大為改觀.Putting up some new wallpaper in the bedroom has made a difference.臥室里貼上新墻紙后看起來不一樣了.23.filthy: a.extremely or unpleasantly dirty 非常骯臟的, 污穢的

e.g.Wash your hands—they are filthy.I’ve never smoked – it’s filthy habit.我從未抽過煙---抽煙是個壞習(xí)慣.The boys were filthy when they came in from football.男孩們踢完球后進(jìn)來時身上都很臟.24.sport: v.exhibit;display 展示,顯示

e.g.The front of the car sported a German flag.車前面掛著一面德國國旗.Back in the 1960s he sported bell-bottom trousers, platform heels and hair down past his shoulders.60年代時,他神氣活現(xiàn)地穿著喇叭褲, 厚底鞋,留著披肩長發(fā).25.partition : a thin wall or screen that divides a room or other indoor space e.g.Glass partition divided the room into individual office.Her taxicab has a thick Perspex partition between the passenger’s seat and the drive.26.blurt

vt.utter abruptly and thoughtlessly 未加思索地沖口說出

e.g.As soon as the teacher put forward the question, he blurted the answer out.He blurted everything out about the baby, though we’d agreed to keep it a secret for a while.Peter blurted the secret out before we could stop him.27.pry

vi.try to look into private facts about a person 窺探，探究

e.g.We don't want people prying into our affairs.Some reporters like to pry into film stars’ private life.28.in the neighborhood of about 大約

e.g.He has an annual salary in the neighborhood of $40,000.I am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of

29.beyond anyone's/one's wildest dreams

more than anyone /one can ever imagine 無論如何也想不到的，做夢也不敢想的

e.g.Ten years ago it was beyond my wildest dreams that I could afford a car.Scientists have made an invention which is to change our lives beyond our wildest dreams.The scheme succeeded beyond my wildest dreams.我做夢也想不到這個計劃居然成功了.30.sparkle

vi.閃爍，閃耀

e.g.The diamond ring sparkled in the sunlight.31.standpoint n.立場, 觀點

from one's/the standpoint(of):from one's/the viewpoint(of)從…的觀點來看

e.g.From humans standpoint, all of the world's physical resources are in finite supply.In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語1教案

New Horizon College English 1.1

Unit 1 Preview The days of a “one-size-fits-all” education system have passed.Traditional classrooms no longer provide the only means of meeting one?s learning needs.Some students are taking courses online and finding advantages to this new way of learning.The number one advantage is that online learning is more convenient.Students can choose when and where they learn.Another advantage is that students do not feel intimidated by teachers who lack patience or by students with higher skill levels.Students can take time to think through answers before making a reply.There are still many advantages to the traditional classroom, ?out if a student studies well independently, he or she might do well to try learning online.Section A Pre-reading Activity The Internet may be able to help you overcome your frustrations with learning English.I started learning English when I was in junior middle school.I didn?t, however, gain command of the language in the classroom.It was only when I tried learning English through an online course that I finally became proficient.The online course was just as difficult as classroom study, but it provided better results.There were many other advantages to online learning as well.It taught me how to manage my time better to include my online studies in my busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.1.The speaker started to learn English when he was in junior middle school.He gained command of the language after he took English through an online course.2.Online learning has taught the speaker to better manage his time so that he could include his online studies in his busy schedule.Learning better time management has paid many rewards since.Text: Learning a Foreign Language

New Words

<1>reward vt.give sth.in return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報 He was rewarded handsomely for his efforts.|他的努力得到了可觀的回報。

It is often necessary to reward people for their hard work, if you want them to continue working hard for you.|如果你想要人們繼續(xù)努力工作，就有必要獎勵他們的工作。

n.|[C, U] sth.as a return for good and valuable doings |獎賞；回報

As a reward for passing the exams, she got a new bike from her parents.|因為通過了考試，父母獎勵給她一輛新自行車。

She got no reward for all the hard work she did.|她辛苦的工作并沒有得到嘉獎

<2>rewarding a.|giving sb.satisfaction, pleasure, or profit |值得做的，有益的，有意義的 Doing exercise can be very rewarding for everyone.|鍛煉身體對每個人都會有好處。She finds her career very rewarding.|她覺得自己的工作很有意義。

<3>frustrate

vt.1.cause sb.to have feelings of disappointment |使沮喪，使灰心

The lack of evidence in this case is frustrating the police.|警方因案件缺乏證據(jù)而感到傷腦筋。The difficulties of learning a new language frustrated the students who wanted to use the language right away.|學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言的困難使那些想立即使用那種語言的學(xué)生沮喪不已。

2.cause the failure of sth.|使挫敗，使受挫折

The bad weather frustrated our hopes of going out.|壞天氣使我們打消了外出的念頭。The police frustrated his attempt to escape.|警方挫敗了他逃跑的企圖。

<4>junior |a.|having a low position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較低的

She started work as a junior reporter on a local newspaper before working her way up to higher positions.|她從本地一家報社當(dāng)初級記者干起，通過努力職位不斷上升。

Students spend six years in elementary education and three years in junior middle school.|學(xué)生在小學(xué)上六年，初中上三年。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is younger |年少者 He is my junior by several years.|他比我小幾歲。

She married a man seven years her junior.|她跟一個比自己小7歲的男人結(jié)了婚。

2.[C] sb.of low or lower position |（地位或等級）較低者；晚輩

She joined the firm a year ago and is now my junior.|她一年前到公司工作，現(xiàn)在是我的下屬。

The senior officer should have been aware of what his juniors were doing.|那位上司早該清楚自己下屬的所作所為。

<5>positive |a.|1.helpful and encouraging in achieving sth.|積極的

Everyone went to Mary for advice, because Mary was known for having a positive attitude and being able to make other people feel good.|大家都向瑪麗討教，因為眾所周知她總是態(tài)度積極, 會使大家感覺良好。

We need to take positive steps to improve the situation of families in poverty.|我們必須采取積極措施改善貧困家庭的處境。

2.definite;allowing no room for doubt |確實的，明確的

It seems unlikely to me, but she seemed very positive.|這在我看來是不可能的，但她卻非?？隙?。

I'm absolutely positive I haven't made a mistake.|我沒有錯，這一點我絕對肯定。

<6>senior |a.|having a higher position, level, or rank |（地位、水平、層次）較高的 Students leave middle school at the end of their senior year.|學(xué)生在中學(xué)高年級結(jié)束之后離校。The delegation consists of senior figures from education and business.|代表團(tuán)由教育界和工商界的資深人士組成。

n.|1.[C] sb.who is older |較年長者

Seniors can get a 10% discount in this department store.|老人在該百貨店可得到九折的優(yōu)惠。Her husband was nine years her senior.|她丈夫比她大9歲。

2.[C] sb.of high or higher position |（地位或等級）較高者；長輩 Only the seniors made the decisions among us.|在我們中間只有年資較高的人才有決定權(quán)。The three vice ministers are my seniors.|三位副部長都是我的上司。

<7>former |a.|of an earlier period |在前的，以前的，舊時的

In former times, people were hanged for stealing in Britain.|以前，在英國小偷被處以絞刑。

The park has been reduced to half its former size.|公園的規(guī)模已被縮減到以前的一半大了。

n.|(the ~)the first of the two people or things just mentioned |前者

Between small changes and big changes, the former is more likely.|在小變化和大變化兩者之中，前者的可能性更大。

Given the choice between a white T-shirt and a green one, most people would choose the former because green is not popular.|如果讓大家選擇是要白T恤還是綠T恤，大多數(shù)會選擇前者，因為綠色不流行。

<8>unlike |prep.|not like;different from |不像；和...不同

He was firm and steady unlike other men she knew.|他堅毅、穩(wěn)健，跟她認(rèn)識的其他男人不一樣。

Her recent report is quite unlike her earlier work.|她最近的報告與以前的大不相同。

<9>intimidate |vt.|create a feeling of fear |恐嚇，威脅

They intimidated him into doing what they wanted.|他們脅迫他干他們要干的事。

John intimidated his brother into not telling their parents the truth.|約翰威脅他弟弟，不準(zhǔn)他把真相告訴父母。

<10>opportunity |n.|[C, U] a good moment or chance for doing sth.|機(jī)會，時機(jī)

He loved music, but because his family was poor, he didn't have an opportunity to take lessons.|他喜愛音樂，但因家里太窮，他沒有機(jī)會去學(xué)。

All he needs is an opportunity to show his ability.|他需要的只是展現(xiàn)自己才能的機(jī)會。

<11>online |a.|connected to other computers through the Internet |聯(lián)線的；聯(lián)網(wǎng)的；在線的

He took an online course to improve his English.|他選了網(wǎng)上課程以提高英語水平。The result of the online survey has proved to be positive.|在線調(diào)查結(jié)果證明是積極的。

ad.|doing sth.online |聯(lián)線地；聯(lián)網(wǎng)地

I'll just go online and look up her address.|我剛好要上網(wǎng)查她的地址。

Today more than 80% of customer's questions are answered online.| 現(xiàn)今，顧客80%以上的咨詢都給予在線答復(fù)。

<12>communication |n.|[U] the action of sending and exchanging information |交流；交際；通訊

Mobile phone is an important means of communication.|手機(jī)是重要的通訊工具。

Generation gap arises from a lack of communication between the young and the old.|代溝的產(chǎn)生是由于青老年間缺乏交流。

<13>medium |n.|[C](pl.media or mediums)a method for giving information |媒介，媒體 TV is a medium for giving information and opinions.|電視是傳遞消息和觀點的媒體。Light travels through the medium of air.|光通過空氣傳送。

a.|of middle size, amount, or quality |中等的

They have a medium-sized house in the heart of the city.|他們在市中心有幢中等大小的房子。

What size shirt does he wear—medium or large? |他適合穿哪個尺碼的襯衣——大號還是中

號？

<14>modem |n.|[C] |調(diào)制解調(diào)器

He forgot to get a modem when he bought his computer.|他買計算機(jī)時忘記拿調(diào)制解調(diào)器了。A modem is necessary for connecting to the Internet.|連接因特網(wǎng)必須用調(diào)制解調(diào)器。

<15>access |n.|1.[U] the right to have or use sth.|享用權(quán)

The people in the school have access to that computer lab for free.|這個學(xué)校里的人可以免費(fèi)使用那間電腦室。

Students have access to many different courses to satisfy their individual interests and career plans.|學(xué)生可以選擇多種課程以滿足他們的個人興趣和職業(yè)規(guī)劃。

2.[U] the means of entering a place |通道；入口 That is the only access into the building.|這是通向大樓的唯一通道。

The road was the only access into and out of the small village.|這條路是進(jìn)出這個小村子的唯一通道。

<16>participate |vi.|take part |參與，參加

Some members refused to participate.|有些成員拒絕參加。

Only persons aged 8 years or over may participate in the spelling contest.|只有年滿8歲或8歲以上的人才可參加拼寫比賽。

<17>virtual |a.|1.created by the computer to be similar to the experience of real life |虛擬的

This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.|該設(shè)備有助于提高虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)的實用性和易用性。

Their recent online studies began with an introduction to the demands of the virtual classroom.|他們新近的在線研究是以對虛擬教室需求介紹開始的。

2.almost what is stated |實質(zhì)上的；實際上的

It is a virtual certainty that you will become the best student in this class;you've always been the best in everything.|事實上已肯定你將是班上最好的學(xué)生； 你一直在各方面都是最棒的。Finding a parking space in the busy season is a virtual impossibility.|想在旺季找到停車位是不現(xiàn)實的。

<18>commitment |n.1.[U] the hard work and loyalty that sb.gives to an organization, activity, etc.|投入, 致力，獻(xiàn)身

My commitment to study has made me the most successful person in my small town.|我對學(xué)習(xí)的投入使我成為小鎮(zhèn)上最成功的人。

It's a part-time program, but it's still a big time commitment.|這雖然不是個全職項目，但卻需要投入大量的時間。

2.[C] a promise to follow certain beliefs or actions |承諾，許諾，保證 Marriage is a lifelong commitment.|婚姻是終生的承諾。

The governor has made a strong commitment to creating more jobs in the state.|州長信誓旦旦地保證要給州里創(chuàng)造更多工作機(jī)會。

<19>discipline |n.|1.[U] a state of order and control;self-control |紀(jì)律；自制能力 He did not like the army because of the strict discipline.|因為紀(jì)律太嚴(yán)，他不喜歡軍隊生活。It takes a lot of discipline to eat less and lose weight.|要做到少吃減肥得遵守許多清規(guī)戒律。

2.[C] a branch of learning |學(xué)科

She has not yet decided which discipline to take at college, but she might study history.|她沒有決定在大學(xué)選修哪門學(xué)科，但她可能學(xué)歷史。

The traditional academic disciplines are less popular among students, who now prefer subjects such as business studies.|傳統(tǒng)的學(xué)術(shù)科目受學(xué)生歡迎的程度有所降低，而今工商類的課程更受他們青睞。

<20>minimum |a.|the least, or the smallest possible |最低的，最小的 The minimum age to buy cigarettes is 18.|購買香煙最低年齡是18歲。

The minimum amount of money to open an account at that bank is ten dollars.|在那個銀行開戶至少要有10美元。

n.|[sing.] the smallest amount |最低限度；最少量 You have to stay for a minimum of seven days.|你起碼要呆上7天。

The price is her minimum;she refuses to lower it any more.|這是她開的最低價，她拒絕再降價。

<21>assignment |n.|[C] a piece of work given to a particular person |任務(wù)；作業(yè)

Half the workers were given different assignments.|有一半的工人被分配到不同的任務(wù)中。The teacher asked her students to finish their assignments every day.|老師要求學(xué)生每天完成作業(yè)。

<22>embarrass |vt.|make sb.feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable |使尷尬，使難堪 Getting up on stage without knowing what to say embarrassed me.|上臺不知道說什么使我感到尷尬。

I hope I didn't embarrass you in front of your friends.|但愿我沒有讓你在朋友面前感到尷尬。

<23> embarrassing a.|making sb.feel embarrassed |使人尷尬的；令人難堪的 Don't ask me such embarrassing questions.|別問我這種尷尬的問題。The situation is embarrassing.|這種情形令人很尷尬。

<24>frustration n.[C, U] the feeling of being disappointed, annoyed, or upset |沮喪；不安；灰心

Poetry helps me express some of the frustrations I feel at the world.|詩歌一定程度上表達(dá)了我對世事的挫折感。

I was close to tears with frustration while trying to complete the difficult math exam, but I held back.|數(shù)學(xué)考試很難，做題時我沮喪得差點掉淚，但還是忍住了。

<25>post |vt.|put up sth.on a screen, wall, or notice board |發(fā)帖子；張貼

Could you photocopy the advertisement and post it on the notice board for us? |你能不能幫我們把廣告復(fù)印一份貼到公告欄里？

They post notices on the Internet, recommending that all users, whether frequent or casual, have

their disks checked.|他們在網(wǎng)上貼出通知，告誡所有用戶檢查自己的軟盤。

<26>continual |a.|1.continuing without stopping |不間斷的，不停的 The continual noise is making me angry.|噪音不斷，我很生氣。

Despite continual pain, he refused all drugs.|盡管疼痛不止，他仍然拒絕使用任何藥物。

2.happening again and again |多次重復(fù)的；頻繁的

There have been continual requests for improved working conditions.|人們不斷要求改善工作環(huán)境。

The continual news reports about the economy have scared many manufacturers.|有關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的頻繁新聞報道使很多生產(chǎn)廠家擔(dān)心不已。

<27>continually ad.1.continuing for a long time without stopping |不間斷地，不停地 The Museum is continually developing—there's something new to see every year.|博物館不斷地擴(kuò)展——年年都可看到新東西。

No matter how hard you try not to think about past failures, they continually cross your mind.|不管你怎樣努力不去想以往的失敗，這些事老在心頭縈繞。

2.repeatedly for many times and over a long period of time |多次重復(fù)地;頻頻地 The child was continually changing his mind.|小孩的想法老是在變。

<28>reap vt.1.get sth., esp.sth.good, as a result of what one has done|獲得，得到

Now they have come to reap the benefits of their hard work.|現(xiàn)在他們該摘取他們的勞動成果了。

Those who take risks often reap great rewards.|肯冒風(fēng)險，才有大收獲。

2.cut and gather a crop of grain |收割；收獲

The women were all out reaping the fields.|婦女們都出去收割莊稼了。

Summer is the time for reaping a harvest of fruits and vegetables.|夏天是收獲水果和蔬菜的季節(jié)。

<29>benefit n.[C] anything that brings help or profit |益處，好處

Some countries offer newcomers many benefits, such as job training and language lessons.|有些國家為初來者提供許多優(yōu)惠，如工作培訓(xùn)和語言課程。

Tourism has brought many benefits to the area.|旅游業(yè)給這個地區(qū)帶來了豐厚的收益。

v.be useful or helpful to |有益于

The new teaching program will benefit many students.|這個新的教學(xué)項目會使許多學(xué)生受益。He expects stocks to continue to rise higher, benefiting from falling interest rates.|他指望股票還能持續(xù)漲高，這樣就可從下跌利率中賺上一把。

<30>insight n.[C, U] an accurate or deep understanding of sth.|洞悉；深刻的見解 The lecture provides new insights into the way we process language.|這次講座使我們對語言處理有了新的認(rèn)識。

Her research has given us some insight into what sparks a child's curiosity.|她的研究使我們對誘發(fā)孩子好奇心的因素有所了解。

<31>communicate vi.exchange feelings, opinions, or information with other people |交

流；交際

He is slow in speaking and cannot communicate with other people very well.|他說話慢慢吞吞，與人交流能力比較差。

They couldn't communicate in writing, because William was illiterate.|他們不能書信交流，因為威廉不識字。

vt.|make(opinions, feelings, or information)known or understood by others |傳達(dá)；傳播

Our teachers communicate their ideas very clearly.|我們的老師表達(dá)思想非常清楚。She tried to communicate her fears to her mother.|她盡力向母親表明自己的擔(dān)憂。

<32>favorite a.(BrE favourite)best liked or most enjoyed |最喜歡的

Of the many colors in nature, red is my favorite color because it is the most beautiful.|在自然界的諸多顏色中，我最喜歡紅色，它最美。

Most people at the stadium will be cheering on their favorite players.|在運(yùn)動場上，大多數(shù)人都會為自己喜愛的運(yùn)動員加油。

n.|[C] sb.or sth.that is loved above all others |特別喜愛的人或物 I like all her books but this is my favorite.|她寫的書我都喜歡，但最喜歡這本。

Conflicts in the home often result from one child being thought of as his parents' favorite.|父母視其中一個孩子為掌上明珠常會引發(fā)家庭沖突。

<33>gap n.[C] a big difference between two amounts, situations, or groups of people|差距；分歧

There's a ten-year gap between Kay's two children.|凱的兩個小孩年齡相差10歲。

The age gap between us didn't seem to matter until we decided to have children.|在我們決定要孩子以前，年齡差距對我們似乎沒什么影響。

Phrases and Expressions

<34>at times

|sometimes but not usually |有時，偶爾

He used to go to the theater at times.|他以前偶爾會去看看戲。At times he feels that he wants to leave his job.|有時他真想辭職。

<35>be worth sth./doing sth.|be rewarding enough for the time, effort, money, etc.|值得...的

The watch is worth more than the price.|這表的價值超出標(biāo)價。

Doing morning exercises is worth the time.|花點時間做早操是值得的。

<36>not only...but also...|不僅...而且...Not only did I find the game very boring, but I also felt it was meaningless.|我覺得這場比賽非?？菰锒覜]什么意義。

Not only the story is interesting to us but also the English is good for us to learn.|這故事不僅有趣，而且其英語地道，值得一學(xué)。

<37>far from

| not...at all;rather than |一點都不

The composition is far from perfect.|這篇作文太糟了。

I know he was hurt, but he was far from being the person who was hurt most.|我知道他受了傷害，但他還不是受傷害最深的人。

<38>a couple of| two;a small number of |兩個；一些，幾個

I will need a couple of minutes to complete the report to my boss.|我還需要幾分鐘時間完成給老板的報告。

I met him a couple of times last year.|去年我遇見過他幾次。

<39>get/have/obtain access to

|have the right to have or use sth.|有權(quán)享用；可以使用 People living here have access to that swimming pool for free.|住在這里的人可以免費(fèi)去那個游泳池游泳。

If I could get access to the head offices, I could tell the management my new ideas about how to improve this company.|如果我可以到總部辦公室去，我就能向管理部門提出改善公司狀況的新主意。

<40>participate in

|take part in |參加

We are expected to participate actively in English class.|我們要積極參與英語課的活動。

She participated in several sports in senior middle school.|在高中時，她參加過好幾項運(yùn)動項目。

<41>keep up with

|keep the same speed as |趕上；不落后

The small child had to run in order to keep up with his brother.|這小孩為了趕上他哥哥只好跑了起來。

I'm having trouble keeping up with the rest of the class.|我要趕上班上其他人還有困難。

<42>feel like sth./doing sth.|want to have or do sth.|想要；想做 I feel like a cup of tea.|我想要杯咖啡。

I just don't feel like doing anything tonight.|今晚我什么事情都不想干。

<43>give up |stop doing or stop trying to do sth.|停止，放棄

My teacher told me not to give up no matter how difficult things become.|老師要我無論如何困難都不要放棄。

I've given up trying to get her to change her mind.|我已不再爭取讓她改變主意。

<44>think out |consider all the aspects and details of sth.before doing it |仔細(xì)考慮；推敲；琢磨

I need time to think things out.|我需要時間好好想一下。

She hadn't thought out what she was going to say at the party.|她還沒有想清楚自己在聚會上要說些什么。

<45>come across |meet, find, or discover sb.or sth.by chance |偶然遇到；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn) I've never come across anyone like her father before.|我從來沒有遇到像她父親那樣的人。While I was cleaning the house, I came across some old baby pictures of my father that I had

never seen before.|在打掃房間時，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾張我父親還是嬰兒時的老照片，這些照片我過去從未見過。

<46>reap the benefit(s)|get sth.as a reward for sth.done |獲得益處，得到好處

Only a part of the people have reaped the benefits from the new policy.|只有一部分人從新政策中受益。

But the teenagers should reap the benefits of a more personal, better-run service.|然而青少年應(yīng)該享受到更加個性化、實施質(zhì)量更好的服務(wù)。

<47>trade for |exchange for |用...換...I traded my old car for a new one.|我把舊車換成了新車。

In order to pay off his debts, he had to trade his piano for money.|為了還債，他只好把鋼琴拿去換錢。

<48>give sb.insight(s)into |give sb.a deep understanding of sth.|深刻理解

The discussion gave us a real insight into the causes of the present economic crisis.|這場討論使我們對當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的原因有了真正的認(rèn)識。

The story gave us insight into his determination to win and his desire to become the best.|這件事使我們對他決心獲勝、渴望完美的心情有了深刻的認(rèn)識。

<49>now that

|because of sth.or as a result of sth.|既然，由于

Now that you have come, you may stay here.|你既然來了，就留在這里吧。

Now that we know each other better, we get along fine.|既然大家相互了解更深了，相處也就融洽了。

<50>instead of |而不是；代替

They raised prices and cut production instead of cutting costs.|他們又是提價，又是減產(chǎn)，卻沒有降低成本。

He took English as his major instead of Japanese.|他選擇學(xué)英語，而沒選日語。

<51>reach out to |communicate with;contact |接觸，聯(lián)系

Online learning helps us reach out to new friends.|網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)使我們接觸新朋友。

I realized at the same time he was reaching out to me；he was also asking for help.|我同時也察覺到他正在聯(lián)系我；他在尋求幫助。

學(xué)外語

學(xué)習(xí)外語是我一生中最艱苦也是最有意義的經(jīng)歷之一。雖然時常遭遇挫折，但卻非常有價值。

我學(xué)外語的經(jīng)歷始于初中的第一堂英語課。老師很慈祥耐心，時常表揚(yáng)學(xué)生。由于這種積極的教學(xué)方法，我踴躍回答各種問題，從不怕答錯。兩年中，我的成績一直名列前茅。

到了高中后，我渴望繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)英語。然而，高中時的經(jīng)歷與以前大不相同。以前，老師對所有的學(xué)生都很耐心，而新老師則總是懲罰答錯的學(xué)生。每當(dāng)有誰回答錯了，她就會

用長教鞭指著我們，上下?lián)]舞大喊：“錯！錯！錯！”沒有多久，我便不再渴望回答問題了。我不僅失去了回答問題的樂趣，而且根本就不想再用英語說半個字。

好在這種情況沒持續(xù)多久。到了大學(xué)，我了解到所有學(xué)生必須上英語課。與高中老師不同，大學(xué)英語老師非常耐心和藹，而且從來不帶教鞭！不過情況卻遠(yuǎn)不盡如人意。由于班大，每堂課能輪到我回答的問題寥寥無幾。上了幾周課后，我還發(fā)現(xiàn)許多同學(xué)的英語說得比我要好得多。我開始產(chǎn)生一種畏懼感。雖然原因與高中時不同，但我卻又一次不敢開口了。

看來我的英語水平要永遠(yuǎn)停步不前了。

直到幾年后我有機(jī)會參加遠(yuǎn)程英語課程，情況才有所改善。這種課程的媒介是一臺電腦、一條電話線和一個調(diào)制解調(diào)器。我很快配齊了必要的設(shè)備并跟一個朋友學(xué)會了電腦操作技術(shù)，于是我每周用5到7天在網(wǎng)上的虛擬課堂里學(xué)習(xí)英語。

網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)并不比普通的課堂學(xué)習(xí)容易。它需要花許多的時間，需要學(xué)習(xí)者專心自律，以跟上課程進(jìn)度。我盡力達(dá)到課程的最低要求，并按時完成作業(yè)。

我隨時隨地都在學(xué)習(xí)。不管去哪里，我都隨身攜帶一本袖珍字典和筆記本，筆記本上記著我遇到的生詞。我學(xué)習(xí)中出過許多錯，有時是令人尷尬的錯誤。有時我會因挫折而哭泣，有時甚至想放棄。但我從未因別的同學(xué)英語說得比我快而感到畏懼，因為在電腦屏幕上作出回答之前，我可以根據(jù)自己的需要花時間去琢磨自己的想法。突然有一天我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己什么都懂了，更重要的是，我說起英語來靈活自如。盡管我還是常常出錯，還有很多東西要學(xué)，但我已嘗到了刻苦學(xué)習(xí)的甜頭。

學(xué)習(xí)外語對我來說是非常艱辛的經(jīng)歷，但它又無比珍貴。它不僅使我懂得了艱苦努力的意義，而且讓我了解了不同的文化，讓我以一種全新的思維去看待事物。學(xué)習(xí)一門外語最令人興奮的收獲是我能與更多的人交流。與人交談是我最喜歡的一項活動，新的語言使我能與陌生人交往，參與他們的談話，并建立新的難以忘懷的友誼。由于我已能說英語，別人講英語時我不再茫然不解了。我能夠參與其中，并結(jié)交朋友。我能與人交流，并能夠彌合我所說的語言和所處的文化與他們的語言和文化之間的鴻溝。Exercises IX.1．我永遠(yuǎn)都不會忘記那位老師，是他告訴我學(xué)外語是有趣的、有價值的。如果沒有他，我的英語說得不會像現(xiàn)在這樣好。

2．沒有任何其他語言能像英語那樣讓你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了過硬的英語知識，你就可以體驗奇妙的文化之旅。

3．寫作不僅僅要寫老師布置的話題，而且要寫自己感興趣的東西，例如，給朋友寫電子郵件。

4．遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程是指授課者與學(xué)生通過計算機(jī)通信技術(shù)進(jìn)行交流的課程。

5．語不但是世界上最有用的語言，也是世界上最易學(xué)、易用的語言之一。

6．遠(yuǎn)程教學(xué)課程在時間安排止給予學(xué)生更多的自由，但與其他課程比，這些課程要求學(xué)生有更強(qiáng)的自律能力。XI．

The topic of the paragraph-My learning experience in junior middle school.The cause: I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.The effect:I eagerly answered all the questions I could, never worrying much about making mistakes.I was at the top of my class for two years.XII.I am proud to say that I succeeded in learning a foreign language.It was a real challenge and, needless to say,it took a lot of practice.I carried a small dictionary with me everywhere I went as well as a notebook in which I listed new words I came across.I also managed my time carefully so that I met the standards of the course and finished assignments on time.After years of persistence, I reaped the benefits of all my hard work.Section B Reading Skills: Finding Out Word Meanings Text: Keys to Successful Online Learning

New Words

<1>community n.1.[C] a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race, etc.|團(tuán)體；界

There are four ways you can help provide this important service to our academic community.你可以通過四種方式協(xié)助向我們學(xué)會提供這項重要服務(wù)。

According to Mr.Ellison, business online will quickly evolve into a Web-based business community.|艾立森先生認(rèn)為，網(wǎng)上交易會很快演變?yōu)榛诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)的商務(wù)社團(tuán)。

2.[C] the people who live in the same area, town, etc.|社區(qū)居民；社區(qū)

The murder has shocked the local community who never expected such a thing to happen in their small town.|這樁兇殺案讓當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈苷痼@, 他們誰都沒想到在這小鎮(zhèn)上會發(fā)生這樣的事。They made regulations to better manage the community.|他們確立規(guī)章制度，以更好地管理社區(qū)。

<2>expand v.make or become larger in size, number, or amount |（使）變大；（使）擴(kuò)張；（使）膨脹

Ever since he started school, he has tried to expand his mind with new information.|從開始上學(xué)起，他就想用新知識充實頭腦。

Pepsi has aggressive plans to expand overseas.|百事可樂雄心勃勃，計劃拓展海外市場。

<3>aware

a.having knowledge or understanding |意識到的；知道的

New babies are sometimes not aware of other people.|新生兒有時意識不到他人的存在。We were not aware of the rain until we went outside.|直到我們走出門才意識到下雨了。

<4>unique a.1.unusually good and special |極不尋常的，極好的

We have developed a unique method for preparing beef.|我們發(fā)明了一種加工牛肉的好方法。The exhibition provided a unique opportunity to see the artist's work.|這次展覽是一次欣賞該藝術(shù)家作品的好機(jī)會。

2.being the only one of its type |唯一的，獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無二的 The music is unique to that country.|這是那個國家特有的音樂。

Each person's fingerprints are unique.|每個人的指紋都是獨(dú)一無二的。

<5>ideal a.1.the best or most suitable that sth.could possibly be |最好的；理想的 An ideal place for a home would be near a park.|理想的家居應(yīng)靠近公園。

I'm afraid the working conditions here are far from ideal.|恐怕這里的工作條件不夠理想。

2.as good as one can imagine, but not likely to be real |想象的；理想化的 The ideal design would never be put into practice.|脫離實際的設(shè)計永遠(yuǎn)不會付諸實施。Plato dreamed of an ideal society.|柏拉圖夢想有一個理想社會。

<6>forum n.[C] a place where people publicly discuss sth.|論壇；討論會

The association began as a forum for sharing ideas about management problems.|那個協(xié)會開始時是個論壇，交流關(guān)于管理方面的問題。

It also provided a forum for the latest research results.|它還為最新研究成果提供了一個論壇。

<7>remove vt.1.get rid of sth.so that it does not exist any longer|消除 I can't remove this stain from the carpet.|我去不掉地毯上的污漬。

It would be best for the government to remove, rather than reduce, the tax burden placed on poor farmers.|最好是由政府免除貧困農(nóng)民的繳稅負(fù)擔(dān)，而不是減輕負(fù)擔(dān)。

2.take sth.away from the place where it is |移開，挪走 Tom paused to remove his sunglasses.|湯姆略作停頓，取下了太陽鏡。

Remove the pot from the heat and allow it to cool.|把罐子從火上拿開，使其冷卻。

<8>visual a.relating to seeing |視覺的

Children learn to read by understanding visual symbols.|兒童是通過理解視覺符號來學(xué)會閱讀的。

Even if you don't buy anything, shopping is enjoyable for the visual experience alone.|你就是不買東西，逛逛商場也大飽眼福。

<9>barrier n.[C] sth.that prevents sb.from doing sth., or limits what they can do 障礙 Dance is an entertainment without a language barrier.|舞蹈是一種沒有語言障礙的娛樂形式。A lack of education is a barrier to a good job.|受教育程度不夠是找好工作的一大障礙。

<10>hinder vt.make it difficult for sb.to do sth., or for sth.to develop |阻礙，妨礙，阻止 The high cost of the vaccine has severely hindered its use.|疫苗價格昂貴嚴(yán)重影響了它的使用。The project has been somewhat hindered by financial restraints and much remains to be done.|項目在一定程度上受到資金限制，許多事仍然沒做。

<11>addition

n.1.[U] the act of adding sth.to sth.else |添加

The addition of more meat into my diet has caused me to gain weight.|在飲食中添加肉食使我體重增加。

In 1987, the house was rebuilt with the addition of a second floor.|1987年房子翻修了一次，增加了一個樓層。

2.[C] sth.that is added to sth.else |增加物

A bottle of wine would make a pleasant addition to the meal.|這頓飯要再有一瓶葡萄酒可就錦上添花了。

Additions are made to the name list from time to time.|那份名單在不斷進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。

<12>reflect v.1.think quietly and deeply |深思，考慮，反省

Things were very different before the war, he reflected.|他想，戰(zhàn)前的局勢真是大不一樣。She reflected for a moment and then decided to change her mind about getting married at such a young age.|她考慮了一陣子，最后決定改變主意, 不那么年輕就結(jié)婚。

2.show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling |反映, 體現(xiàn) After listening to her friends, she believed that their anger did not reflect their real attitudes.|聽了朋友的話后，她相信他們生氣并不說明他們的真正態(tài)度。

His ideas reflected the influence of his family background.|他的想法反映了家庭背景的影響。

<13>environment|n.[C, U] the physical and social conditions in which people live |環(huán)境；周邊狀況；自然環(huán)境

Do girls learn better in an all-female environment? |女孩在純女性的環(huán)境下學(xué)習(xí)狀況是否會更好呢？

It's not a very safe environment for children there.|兒童處在那樣的環(huán)境下不太安全。

<14>critical

a.|1.very important |極為重要的，關(guān)鍵性的

His help is critical to our success.|他的幫助對我們的成功非常關(guān)鍵。

Practice is a critical factor in learning a language.|練習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)一門語言的關(guān)鍵因素。

2.giving a careful judgment of the qualities of sth.|評論的

His assignment was to write a 20-page critical review of Jane Austin.|他的作業(yè)是寫一篇20頁的文章評論簡·奧斯汀。

He made a critical analysis of the event.|他對這一事件作了評論性的分析。

<15>perspective|n.|[C] a way of thinking about sth.|視角；觀點

Lawyers and economists often approach problems from different perspectives.|律師與經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家看待問題的角度往往是不同的。

We must look at the problem in the right perspective if we are to make positive change in the way we do things.|如果要積極地改變我們做事的辦法, 必須以正確的眼光看待這個問題。

<16>peer n.[C] a person of the same age, class, or position |同齡人；同等地位的人 The boy was popular with his peers.|那個男孩很受同齡人的歡迎。

American children did not do as well in math as their peers in China.|美國兒童在數(shù)學(xué)方面的表現(xiàn)不如中國兒童。

<17>instruct vt.1.teach sb.sth., or show them how to do sth.|教育，指導(dǎo)

Without anyone to instruct me on values, I learned the difference between right and wrong by myself.|沒有人教，我自己就學(xué)會了判斷價值的正誤。

He was sent to instruct the workers in operating the new machine.|他被派去教工人們操作新機(jī)器。

2.officially tell sb.what to do |指示，命令；通知

Tourists are instructed not to take pictures inside the building.|游客被告知樓內(nèi)禁止拍照。The manager instructed his secretary to cancel all his appointments.|經(jīng)理要秘書取消他所有的預(yù)約。

<18> instructor |n.|[C] a teacher |教師；指導(dǎo)者

He worked as a dance instructor in London.|他在倫敦?fù)?dān)任舞蹈教師。

Teaching methods and techniques may vary by instructors.|教授方法和技巧因教師而異。

<19>arise vi.(arose, arisen)1.come into being;appear;happen|出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生

What can teachers do when legal problems arise? |如果出現(xiàn)法律問題，老師們能做些什么呢？ All staff members are expected to work overtime, if the need arises.|如果有需要，全體員工都要加班工作。

2.(from)come from |（由...）引起，（由...）產(chǎn)生

Errors and mistakes often arise from poor judgment.|差錯與過失往往來自于判斷失誤。The civil war arose from the social injustices present in the country.|內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)是因為該國存在社會不公現(xiàn)象。

<20>absolute a.complete or total|完全的；十足的

There was absolute certainty in his voice and no doubt about the actions he should take next.|他的口氣絕對的肯定，下一步怎么辦是不容置疑的。

He has absolute confidence in what was about to happen.|他對即將發(fā)生的事完全有信心。

<21>

absolutely ad.completely and in every way|完全地；十足地

This statement should be absolutely clear in the minds of everyone concerned and should not be misunderstood under any circumstances.|所有相關(guān)人員必須對該聲明做到心中完全有數(shù)，在任何情況下都不允許曲解。

The work of the sales team was absolutely critical to the mission of the company.|銷售組的工作對完成公司的任務(wù)至關(guān)重要。

<22>explicit

a.expressed in a clear and direct way |清楚的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

He's not being very explicit about his plans, is he? |他對他的計劃有意含糊其辭，是嗎？

Mr.Smith left explicit instructions that he wasn't to be disturbed.|史密斯先生明確指示不允許任何人打擾他。

<23>comment n.[C] an opinion about sb.or sth.|意見；評論

The author gives useful comment on many of the ideas discussed.|作者對于許多議題都給予了有用的意見。

He was new to the team and wasn't sure whether or not he should give his comments on their direction.|他是新來的，不知道是否應(yīng)該對他們的指示發(fā)表意見。

vi.express an opinion about sb.or sth.|評論

Officials for those companies refused to comment on this issue.|負(fù)責(zé)那些公司事務(wù)的官員拒絕對此事發(fā)表評論。

I am in no position to comment on the matter.|我無權(quán)對此事發(fā)表評論。

<24>reinforce vt.make sth.stronger |強(qiáng)化；加固

Cultural and family values often reinforce traditional beliefs.|文化和家庭價值觀往往強(qiáng)化傳統(tǒng)信仰。

When the wall began to fall apart, it became clear that somebody should reinforce it with new materials.|大墻開始倒塌，顯然要用新材料來加固。

<25>requirement|n.sth.that is needed or necessary |要求；要求的東西

I knew that concentration was the first requirement for learning.|我知道專心致志是學(xué)習(xí)的首要條件。

The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.|系里同意對要求進(jìn)行修改。

<26>likely ad.probably |可能地

He very likely does not understand the nature of the risk that he describes.|他很有可能并不理解自己所談的風(fēng)險的實質(zhì)。

Profit will most likely have risen by about $25 million.|利潤極有可能要增加2,500萬美元左右。

a.probably going to happen, or probably true |可能的；有希望的 It is likely that investors will face losses.|投資者有可能受到損失。

An unsuitable bed is the most likely cause of back trouble.|背部的不適極有可能是因為床鋪選用不當(dāng)。

<27>commit vt.1.decide to use for a particular purpose |使用；用于

They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poor nations.|他們呼吁西方國家向貧窮國家投入更多資金。

A lot of money and time has been committed to this project.| 大量資金和時間都已投入到該項目。

2.do sth.wrong or illegal |犯（錯誤、罪行等）；干（蠢事、壞事等）The crime had been committed in cold blood.|這宗犯罪真是殘酷。

He said this was the worst mistake that he had ever committed.|他說這是他犯的最大的錯誤。

<28>assimilate vt.take in new ideas, information, etc.| 吸收，理解，掌握 It will take time to assimilate all these new ideas.|消化吸收這些新想法需要時間。

The person we are looking for must be flexible, creative, and able to assimilate new ideas.|我們在物色的人必須能隨機(jī)應(yīng)變，有創(chuàng)造力，能吸收新想法。

<29>provide

vt.give sth.to sb.or make sth.available to sb.|提供

New Horizon College English provides a new way of learning English and its Web site is definitely worth visiting.| 新視野大學(xué)英語教材為英語學(xué)習(xí)提供了新模式，其網(wǎng)站無疑值得訪問。

The money will be used to provide the school with new computer equipment.|這筆資金將用于為學(xué)校添置新的計算機(jī)設(shè)備。

<30>input n.[U] information or some other kinds of resources that are put in/into |輸入；投入

Any information that you put into a computer is taken as input.|輸進(jìn)計算機(jī)的任何信息均被視為輸入。

Almost everyone involved had some input into what went wrong, so they should all share the

blame.|幾乎所有人都參與了，所以都要對出現(xiàn)的錯誤承擔(dān)一定責(zé)任。

<31>essential a.completely necessary |必不可少的，非常重要的 It is essential to remember every detail.|記住每個細(xì)節(jié)非常重要。

Summarize your essential points on one page.|把你的要點總結(jié)在一張紙上。

n.[C](usu.pl.)sth.necessary |要素；要點 the essentials of English grammar |英語語法要點

Details may hide the essentials.|細(xì)節(jié)會使要點難以辨認(rèn)。

<32>challenge vt.1.question the rightness of sth.|質(zhì)疑，對...表示懷疑

They challenged the authority of what he said.|他們對其發(fā)言的權(quán)威性提出了質(zhì)疑。

Six states have challenged the law in federal court.|有六個州已就該法律向聯(lián)邦法院提出質(zhì)疑。

2.invite sb.to compete against oneself |向...挑戰(zhàn)

To prove that he was faster than his friend, John challenged him to a race.|為了證明他比他的朋友跑得快，約翰提出與他賽跑。

Growing forces of opposition are challenging this government.|反對派力量不斷增長，對這屆政府正形成威脅。

n.[C, U] sth.that needs a lot of skill, effort and determination to achieve |挑戰(zhàn)，考驗

I like the challenge of learning new things.|我喜歡了解新事物要面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

You may find your first couple of months on the job quite a challenge.|在工作的頭幾個月，你會感到巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。

<33>normally

ad.in the usual way or to the usual degree |通常；正常地 The museum isn't normally as crowded as this.|博物館通常不像這樣擁擠。

Although they normally work a 40-hour week, much overtime is often required.|盡管他們一般一周工作40小時，還是常常被要求加班。

<34>sequence n.1.[C, U] a series of related events, actions, etc.that happen or are done in a particular order |連續(xù)；一連串

a sequence of good news |一連串的好消息

the sequence of events leading to the war |導(dǎo)致戰(zhàn)爭的一連串事件

2.[C, U] the order that sth.happens or exists in |次序，順序 The chairs are numbered in sequence.|椅子按順序編號。The numbers are out of sequence.|這些號碼順序亂了。

<35>sequential a.connected with or happening in a particular order |連續(xù)的 The numbers are arranged in sequential order.|這些號碼是按順序排列的。It's not sequential;it's more like a web.|這不是連續(xù)的，而更像一個網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

<36>vital a.1.very important |極其重要的

His evidence was vital to the defense case.|他的證詞對辯護(hù)案件極其重要。

In this job, the ability to remain calm is vital.|在這個工作崗位上，保持鎮(zhèn)靜的能力非常重要。

2.full of life and force |有生命的，充滿生機(jī)的

He is a strong, vital man.|他是一個身體強(qiáng)壯、充滿活力的人。

The music sounds fresh and vital.|這種音樂聽起來清新且富有活力。

<37>personally ad.by oneself |親自

The President wrote to us personally to thank us for our hard work.|總統(tǒng)親自寫信給我們，感謝我們所付出的艱辛勞動。

The teacher wants to talk to you personally.|老師想親自和你談?wù)劇?/p>

<38>effective a.1.producing the desired result |有效的，起作用的

Effective communication is vital in problem solving.|有效溝通對解決問題十分重要。

The advertisement was simple but remarkably effective.|廣告雖然簡單，但效果卻非常顯著。

2.being put into practice |生效的

The effective date of the agreement has been delayed to January 1 next year.|這個協(xié)議的生效日期推遲到了明年的1月1號。

The new law will be effective from April 16th.|這部新法律要從4月16號起生效。

<39>facilitate vt.make it easier for sth.to happen |使容易；有助

With modern technology, the process of communication is greatly facilitated.|有了現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備，交流的過程大大便利了。

Guests take advantage of local transportation in order to facilitate cultural exchanges.|旅客利用當(dāng)?shù)氐倪\(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)促進(jìn)文化交流。

<40> facilitator n.[C] sb.who helps people do things effectively |促進(jìn)者，推動者

The tutor is the facilitator of learning, while the learner is active.|家教固然能促進(jìn)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)習(xí)者自身才起主動作用。

I hope that we will continue to have the same facilitator as last semester;she was a lot of help.|我想繼續(xù)聘用上學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)員；她有很大幫助。

Phrases and Expressions

<41>play a role |1.do sth.and have an influence on it |起作用

Online learning is playing a very important role in education.|網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)在教育中起著重要的作用。

Clearly there are many factors that play a role in the decision-making process.|顯然，在決策的過程中，有許多因素在起作用。

2.act a role in a play or film |扮演一個角色

Many famous actors dreamed of playing the role of Hamlet.|很多著名的演員夢想著能夠扮演哈姆雷特這一角色。

<42>be/become aware of

|know about a situation or a fact |認(rèn)識到，知道，覺察到 Are you aware of my coming? |你知道我要來嗎？

I was not aware that you had already heard of the news.|我不知道你們已經(jīng)聽說了這個消息。

<43>in addition |what is more;moreover |另外，加之

In addition, we usually spend a week of the first term in Paris.|此外，我們通常會在春季去巴黎呆上一周。

In addition to the 40,000 students taking class on campus, the University has over 300 students on distance-learning.|除了在校的40,000名學(xué)生外，該校還有300多名遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生。

<44>reflect on

|think carefully about sth.|深思，考慮

She sat reflecting on how much had changed since she'd bought the farm.|她坐在那里，想著自從自己買下農(nóng)場后所發(fā)生的變化。

He had time to reflect on his successes and failures.|他有時間對自己的成功和失敗進(jìn)行反思。

<45>speak up

|1.say sth., esp.to express an opinion |說出意見或看法

There was a brief silence, then he spoke up.|先是短暫的沉默；接著他發(fā)了言。

If you never speak up, people will not know how you feel.|如果不把想法說出來，大家不會知道你是怎么想的。

2.speak louder |大聲說

Could you speak up so I can hear you, please? |麻煩您聲音大點好么？ Speak up so grandma can hear you.|說大聲點, 祖母才會聽得到。

<46>be finished with |complete the job that one was doing |做完，完成 Aren't you finished with the wash up yet? |你還沒把餐具洗完嗎？

When you are finished with the book, give it back to me.|書看完后就還給我吧。

<47>allow for |consider sth.when making a plan or decision |為...留出余地；考慮到

We must start early to allow for troubles we might have in finding her house.|考慮到她的房子不好找，我們得早點出發(fā)。

It will take you an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.|把路上耽擱的時間算進(jìn)去，你要用一個小時才能到車站。

<48>on sb.'s part/on the part of sb.|done or experienced by sb.|某人所做的；就某人而言 It was the mistake on my part.|這是我的錯。

There are still doubts on the part of the students.|這些學(xué)生仍然心存疑慮。

<49>catch up(with)|improve and reach the same standard as other people |趕上，追上 He is studying hard to catch up with his classmates.|他正努力學(xué)習(xí)以趕上其他同學(xué)。Run faster!They are catching up with us.|跑快點！他們快追上咱們了。

<50>remind sb.of sth.|make sb.remember sth |使想起；提醒

The photo always reminds me of college days.|這張相片總讓我想起大學(xué)里的日子。

She never forgets to remind her husband of his promises.|她從不忘記提醒丈夫他曾許下的諾言。

網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)習(xí)的成功秘訣

雖然常規(guī)的學(xué)校依然存在，但虛擬課堂在今天的教學(xué)領(lǐng)域中起著重要的作用。隨著學(xué)生就業(yè)機(jī)會的迅速增多，越來越多不同年齡層的人開始意識到這種在家就學(xué)的網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)方

式。然而，網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生需要具備一些特別的素質(zhì)才能取得成功。以下是網(wǎng)上學(xué)生要取得成功必備的一些理想素質(zhì)。

1.與人分享生活、工作及學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗，這些是網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。許多人發(fā)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)需要他們運(yùn)用各自的經(jīng)驗，同時又為他們提供了相互交流的場所。這一交流場所消除了一些學(xué)生自我表達(dá)的視覺障礙。此外，學(xué)生在答題之前有時間進(jìn)行思考，這就使得網(wǎng)上環(huán)境開放而友好。

2.能通過書寫進(jìn)行交流。虛擬課堂的交流幾乎都是書面形式。因而很重要的一點是學(xué)生要具有書面表達(dá)能力。有些學(xué)生書面表達(dá)能力差，有待提高，可以在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)之前提高或?qū)⑵渥鳛榫W(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。這常常需要他們加倍努力。不管是單獨(dú)學(xué)習(xí)還是小組學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生們就學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容交流觀點和見解，并展開討論，同時了解其他同學(xué)的意見。這樣，學(xué)生可以從同齡人那里得到啟發(fā)，既跟老師學(xué)，又互相學(xué)習(xí)。

3.說出你的困難。記住，虛擬課堂里老師看不見學(xué)生。這就意味學(xué)生必須直接明了地表達(dá)自己的看法和要求。如果碰到技術(shù)方面的問題，或在理解課程中遇到困難，必須大膽說出來，否則任何人都無從知曉問題所在。如果某人不理解某個問題，或許別人也有同樣的問題。如果有哪個學(xué)生能解決，他(她)也許就會幫助你。學(xué)生在給他人解釋問題時，自己對該問題的認(rèn)識也加深了。

4.認(rèn)真對待課程。網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)并不比課堂學(xué)習(xí)容易。事實上，許多學(xué)生說它需要花更多的時間和努力。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程的要求不低于其他任何一種優(yōu)質(zhì)課程。然而，取得成功的學(xué)生認(rèn)為網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)是一種便捷的受教育方式，但并不容易。晚上或周末，為了完成作業(yè)，許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生在電腦前一坐就是幾個小時。別人已完成作業(yè)和學(xué)習(xí)，開始玩耍，而此時網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生卻很可能還在上課。他們每門課程每周要上4到15小時。

5.把批判性思維和決策作為網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的一部分。網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程要求學(xué)生根據(jù)事實和經(jīng)驗做出決定。對學(xué)生來講，理解并消化信息，并通過批判性思維做出正確的決定是十分必要的。在積極的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，學(xué)生從老師、同學(xué)那里感受到自己的價值，對自己的學(xué)習(xí)也感到滿意。

6.三思而后答。在虛擬課堂上做出有意義、高質(zhì)量的回答是網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)的重要部分。要花時間斟酌并仔細(xì)作答，提倡對不同觀點進(jìn)行驗證和質(zhì)疑。網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生往往并不總是對的；他們應(yīng)做好準(zhǔn)備，迎接挑戰(zhàn)。

7.跟上課程進(jìn)度。網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)通常是循序漸進(jìn)的，要求學(xué)生專心投入。與網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程保持同步，并按時完成所有功課至關(guān)重要。一旦落后就很難趕上。學(xué)生要有成功的欲望，而且也要渴望這種經(jīng)歷。老師可能會與學(xué)生面對面交流，提供幫助并提醒他們跟上進(jìn)度的必要性。

正如許多優(yōu)秀教師并不能有效地用網(wǎng)絡(luò)輔助教學(xué)一樣，并不是所有學(xué)生都具備在網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)中取得成功所需的素質(zhì)。具備上述素質(zhì)的人通常能夠成為優(yōu)秀的網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)生。一旦擁有這些素質(zhì)，網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)說不定將是你最有價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一。

Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 2 Preview Do you ever have difficulty talking to your parents? You?re not alone.Young people and their parents usually fail in their attempts to communicate with each other.As a result, their two different worlds can move in separate directions or collide head-on.This is what is known as the “generation gap”

What can be done about this problem? The best solution is for both sides to practice better listening skills.Hearing what has been said and actually listening are entirely different matters.Listening means making the effort to truly understand and connect with what someone else is trying to say, and it is the key to effective communication.Section A Pre-reading Activity You are about to read an early morning exchange between daughter and her parents.From the exchange, you will find that they think about the same things in very different ways.You will also find how they misunderstand each other.They seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap between the older and the younger generations.Yet, from another point of view, the exchange also shows the parents? deep concern for their daughter, who doesn?t seem to know it.1.They have an early morning exchange.2.2.They misunderstand each other and seem to be blind to what is important in each other?s lives.This creates the so-called gap.Text: Deep Concern

Language Point

Language Point 1 | The radio clicked on.Rock music blasted forth.(Para.1)|Meaning: As soon as the radio turned on with a short, sharp sound, rock music began playing loudly.Language Point 2 | Sandy sang along with the words as she lay listening to her favorite radio station.(Para.1)| Meaning: Sandy sang the song that was playing on her favorite radio station while she was still in bed.Language Point 3 | Sandy, turn that music off!(Para.2)| Meaning: Sandy, stop that music!

Language Point 4 | Steve Finch burst into her room.(Para.2)| Meaning: Steve Finch entered her room suddenly.Language Point 5 | Why do you have to listen to such horrible stuff?(Para.2)| Meaning: Why do you have to listen to such bad music?

|Language Point 6 |...though it does have rhythm.(Para.2)| Meaning:...though it really has rhythm.Here “does” is used for emphasis(強(qiáng)調(diào))and should be followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb.More examples:| He does have a brother in England.他的確有個弟弟在英國。She did go to

see the doctor yesterday.她昨天的確去看病了。

Language Point 7 | I can't stand it.(Para.4)| Meaning: It is too much for me to bear.Language Point 8 | Then she grabbed the soap and washed thoroughly, including her hair.(Para.5)| Meaning: Then she took the soap suddenly and washed herself all over, including her hair.Language Point 9 | It isn't healthy to eat standing up.(Para.7)| Meaning: It isn't good for your health if you have your breakfast while standing up.Language Point 10 | I'll brush my teeth when I'm done.(Para.12)| Meaning: I'll brush my teeth when I have finished my breakfast.|Language Point 11 | It's disgusting.(Para.13)| Meaning: It's bad, and I don't like it.Language Point 12 | Stop bugging me.(Para.16)| Meaning: Stop bothering me.Language Point 13 | Sandy Finch, you're too young to wear that much makeup.(Para.19)| Meaning: Sandy Finch, you're not old enough to wear so much makeup.Notice that the mother greeted the daughter by full name, which means the mother was very firm in her opinion and/or wanted to be sure to get her daughter's full attention.Language Point 14 |...and bolted out of the house.(Para.20)| Meaning:...and left the house quickly.Language Point 15 | After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down in peace and quiet to drink her coffee.(Para.21)| Meaning: After Sandy had left for school, Jane Finch sat down calmly to drink her coffee.Language Point 16 | No, thanks, honey.My stomach feels upset—like its full of knots.(Para.23)| Meaning: No, thanks, dear.I am not feeling well in stomach.It seems full of knots.Notice that the expression “it's full of knots” may come from the idiom “knots in ones stomach”, which means a tight uncomfortable feeling caused by a strong emotion such as fear or anger.Language Point 17 | I don't think I'm old-fashioned, but hearing those tuneless, offensive lyrics repeatedly makes my blood boil.(Para.23)| Meaning: I don't think I am unwilling to accept new ideas, but hearing those unpleasant songs over and over makes me angry.Language Point 18 |...different music appeals to different generations...(Para.24)| Meaning:...people of different age groups like different types of music...Language Point 19 | Maybe eating breakfast will help me get rid of some of the knots in my stomach.(Para.25)| Meaning: Maybe eating breakfast will help me feel better.Language Point 20 |...that music could have a negative influence on Sandy.(Para.27)| Meaning:...the music could have a bad effect on Sandy.Language Point 21 |...she and Sandy could still talk things over.(Para.29)| Meaning:...she could still have a good discussion with Sandy about these things.Language Point 22 | She knew she had to have patience and keep the lines of communication with her daughter open.(Para.29)| Meaning: She knew she had to be patient and keep communication with her daughter effective.Language Point 23 | She wanted to be there as an anchor for her, but at the same time she would give her freedom to find her own identity.(Para.29)| Meaning: She wanted to be a person who can make her feel safe and supported but at the same time let her find out who she is by herself.New Words

<1>concern n.1.[U] a feeling of worry |擔(dān)心；憂慮

In the story the parents show their great concern for their daughter.|故事里，父母對他們的女兒表現(xiàn)出極大的擔(dān)心。

The recent rise in crime is a matter of great public concern.|近來犯罪的增多是公眾非常擔(dān)憂的事情。

2.[C] sth.that makes sb.worried |關(guān)心的事；擔(dān)心的事

His main concern is to be able to provide money for his family.|他主要關(guān)心的是為家里賺錢。Your private life is not my concern.|你的私生活與我無關(guān)。

vt.|1.make sb.feel worried |使擔(dān)心；使憂慮

It isn't your problem—don't concern yourself with it.|這不是你的問題，你用不著擔(dān)心。

What concerns me most is that despite pay increases, production has not improved.|最令我擔(dān)心的是雖然工資增加了，生產(chǎn)卻沒有上去。

2.be about sth.|涉及，與...有關(guān)系

This article concerns the issue of generation gap.|這篇文章講的是代溝問題。

This study concerns couples' expectations of marriage.|這項研究涉及夫妻對婚姻的期待。

<2>click vi.make a short, sharp sound |發(fā)出咔嗒聲 The key clicked in the lock.|鑰匙在瑣里咔嗒響了一聲。

Her shoes clicked against the floor as she walked.|她走動時，鞋在地板上咔噔咔噔作響。

n.|[C] a short, sharp sound |咔嗒聲

The door opened with a click.|門咔嗒一聲開了。

I heard a click, and then the phone went dead.|我聽到咔嗒一聲電話就掛了。

<3>blast vi.produce a lot of noise, esp.music |發(fā)出響亮的聲音（尤指音樂）Music blasted from the radio.|收音機(jī)里猛地響起了音樂。

A machine gun blasted just outside the tent.|帳篷外，機(jī)關(guān)槍突然嘟嘟嘟地響起來。

vt.|break up by explosion |爆破

They had to blast their way through the mountainside.|他們不得不沿著山坡炸出一條路來。The first shot missed and blasted a hole in the wall.|第一槍打偏了，在墻上炸出了一個洞。

n.|[C] an explosion |爆炸

The blast completely destroyed the building.|爆炸徹底摧毀了這棟建筑。

The blast killed 168 people and hurt hundreds.|爆炸炸死了168人，炸傷了數(shù)百人。

<4>forth ad.out;forward |出來；向外

The sun came forth from behind the clouds.|太陽從云后出來。

The house was still burning with thick black smoke pouring forth.|房子還在燃燒，冒出濃濃的黑煙。

<5>burst vi.(burst, burst)move somewhere suddenly or quickly, esp.into or out of a place |沖，闖

Several students burst into the schoolmaster's office just as he was about to leave.|校長正要離開時，幾個學(xué)生闖進(jìn)了他的辦公室。

She burst out of the room without saying a single word.|她什么也沒說，沖出了房間。

<6>horrible a.1.very bad or unpleasant |糟糕的；使人不愉快的 This tastes horrible!|真難吃！

The weather has been really horrible all week.|這一周天氣真是糟糕透了。

2.shocking;frightening |可怕的；令人恐懼的

What a horrible story!|可怕的故事!It's horrible to hear that so many people in the world are hungry and don't have food.|聽到世界上有這么多人挨餓，沒東西吃，感到很可怕。

<7>stuff n.[U] sth.that one does not know the correct name |東西

What's the green stuff at the bottom of the bottle? |瓶底上那綠色的是什么東西？

I don't know how we're going to get all this stuff into the car.|我不知道我們?nèi)绾螌⑦@些東西全部搬進(jìn)車?yán)锶ァ?/p>

vt.|push sth.into a space |填；塞

The pillow was stuffed with feathers.|枕頭里塞滿了羽毛。

The rooms are stuffed with antiques and priceless treasures.|這幾間房子都塞滿了古董和無價之寶。

<8>rhythm n.[C, U] a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements |節(jié)奏 I'm not keen on the tune but I love the rhythm.|我不特別喜歡那曲調(diào)，但喜歡它的節(jié)奏。You need to feel the rhythm of the music in order to dance properly.|為了跳好舞，你需要感受音樂的節(jié)奏。

<9>grab vt.take sth.suddenly or roughly |抓住，奪得

Helen grabbed the toy car from her little brother.|海倫搶去了弟弟手上的玩具汽車。

She grabbed her clothes and ran out when the alarm went off.|警報響起時，她抓起衣服就往外跑。

<10>thorough a.including every possible detail |全面的，徹底的 The doctor gave the patient a thorough check-up.|醫(yī)生為病人做了全面檢查。

The police made a thorough search of the house and found the child hiding under a chair.|警察徹底搜查了那所房子，發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子藏在椅子下。

<11> thoroughly ad.carefully and completely |完全地；徹底地 We thoroughly enjoyed our holiday.|我們假期玩得非常開心。

Eating only thoroughly cooked foods will reduce your risk of illness.|只吃完全煮熟的食物可以減少生病的危險。

<12>makeup n.[U] paint, powder, creams, etc.that people put on their face |化妝品 She hadn't taken off her stage makeup yet when I saw her.|我見到她時她還沒有缷去戲妝。After I put on my makeup, I'll be ready to go with you to the restaurant.|我化好妝后，就準(zhǔn)備和你去飯館。

<13>toast n.1.[U] bread made brown by heating |烤面包 He had toast for breakfast.|他早餐吃了烤面包。

She had a slice of toast and a cup of coffee.|她吃了一塊烤面包，喝了一杯咖啡。

2.[C] an act of drinking, esp.in order to thank sb., wish sb.luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

We drank a toast to our teacher's health.|我們干杯祝老師身體健康。

I'd like to propose a toast to the bride and groom.|我提議為新娘新郎干杯。

vt.|hold up one's glass and wish sb.success, happiness, luck, etc.|祝酒，干杯

Let's toast the friendship between our two countries.|讓我們?yōu)閮蓢挠颜x干杯。Let's toast Edward for a job well done.|讓我們?yōu)閻鄣氯A出色的工作干杯。

<14>disgusting a.very unpleasant |令人厭惡的，令人反感的 A bad egg has a disgusting smell.|臭蛋味道很難聞。

Rubbish was piled everywhere—it was disgusting.|到處堆著垃圾，真叫人惡心。

<15>bug vt.(infml.)bother;annoy;trouble |打擾；使煩惱

It really bugs me when people come around without calling first.|有些人不先打電話就來，實在討厭。

It just bugs me that I have to work so many extra hours for no extra money.|我必須加班加點地干這么多小時，卻沒有額外的工錢，實在讓人煩惱。

<16>eyeliner n.[C] |描眼膏；眼線筆

French eye-liners are well-known to the world.|法國眼線筆世界有名。She was wearing thick, black eyeliner.|她描了濃濃的黑色眼線。

<17>tattoo n.[C] patterns made by putting ink into the skin |文身

She said she hated to see the tattoo on his arm.| 她說她討厭看見他手臂上的刺紋。He has a tattoo of a snake on his left arm.|他的左臂刺了一條蛇。

vt.|have patterns made by putting ink into the skin |在身上刺文身

He had the words “I love you” tattooed on his chest.|他胸前文著“我愛你”的字樣。The man's left arm was tattooed with a snake.|這男人的左臂刺了一條蛇。

<18>pierce vt.make a hole in |穿孔于，打眼于

Many women have pierced their ears.|很多女士都扎了耳朵眼。

Rose underwent emergency surgery after a bullet pierced her lung.|一顆子彈穿了她的肺后，羅斯做了緊急手術(shù)。

<19>bolt vi.move fast or run away suddenly |奔；竄

The noise of the explosion made the horses bolt.|一聲爆響，把那些馬嚇跑了。

Before I could say a word, she turned and bolted out the front door.|不等我說話，她轉(zhuǎn)身就竄出了前門。

<20>upset a.feeling ill, worried, or anxious |不適的；心煩的；苦惱的

Phone and tell the teacher that you get an upset stomach.|打電話告訴老師你的胃不舒服。I was quite upset at losing my purse.|我丟了錢包，心里非常不快。

vt.|(upset, upset)make sb.worried, anxious, or ill |使心煩；使苦惱；使不適

The news of his son's disappearance upset him.|他兒子失蹤的消息使他心煩意亂。What upsets me most is the fact that she told a lie.|最讓我不安的是她撒了謊。

<21>knot n.1.[C] an uncomfortable feeling, esp.in the stomach, caused by fear, anger, etc.|緊張（感）；心窩揪緊 a knot of fear |一陣恐懼

There was a knot of tension in his stomach.|他感到一陣緊張。

2.[C] a join made by tying rope, cloth, etc.|（繩索、布條等打成的）結(jié)

Please tie a knot at the end of rope.|請在繩子的一端打個結(jié)。Can you help me undo the knot? |幫我打開這個結(jié)好嗎？

<22>awful a.very bad or unpleasant;terrible |糟糕的；可怕的 It would be awful if they found out.|如果他們知道了真相，那就糟了。I felt awful about not being able to help.|我?guī)筒簧厦?，心里很難受。

<23> tune n.[C] a number of musical notes that form a pleasing pattern of sound |曲調(diào)；旋律

I can't remember the tune of that song.|我記不起那首歌的調(diào)子。

I've heard that tune before, but I don't know the words to the song.|我聽過這個曲子，但記不起歌詞了。

<24>tuneless a.without tune;not having a pleasant tune |不成調(diào)的；不悅耳的

A young man walked by, singing a tuneless song.|一個年輕人從身邊走過，哼著不成調(diào)的歌。The song is tuneful, but her voice is tuneless.|歌很有旋律，可她的嗓子不動聽。

<25>offensive

a.causing offense;unpleasant |討厭的；令人不快的

There are complaints that the advertisement was offensive to women.|有人投訴說這則廣告是對女性的冒犯。

There is an offensive smell in the room.|房間里有難聞的氣味。

<26>lyric n.[C](~s)words of a song, esp.a popular song |歌詞 I like the lyrics of this song.|我喜歡這首歌的歌詞。

He wrote some great music, but the lyrics he wrote weren't that good.|他創(chuàng)作了一些好音樂，但他寫的歌詞不怎么樣。

<27>appeal vi.1.(to)attract;interest |使喜歡；吸引

This music is too old-fashioned to appeal to young people any longer.|這音樂太老，不能再吸引年輕人。

The idea of working abroad really appeals to me.|到國外工作對我真的有吸引力。

2.make a strong request for help, support, etc.|懇請；呼吁

The police are appealing to the public for any information about the murder victim.|警方呼吁公眾提供有關(guān)被害者的情況。

The police have appealed to anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.|警察呼吁所有知情的人來和他們談?wù)劇?/p>

<28>rid a.no longer annoyed by sb.or sth.unpleasant or unwanted |擺脫...的 Just give him the money and you can be rid of him.|給他點錢，你就可以擺脫他了。Take the medicine, and you can get rid of this cold.|把藥吃了，感冒就好了。

vt.|(rid, rid)make sb.or sth.free from sth.unpleasant or unwanted |使擺脫，使去掉

You must rid yourself of these old-fashioned ideas.|你必須拋掉這些陳舊的觀念。Will science finally rid us of this disease? |科學(xué)最終會讓我們根除這種疾病嗎？

<29> piercing n.[C] a hole made through part of one's body in order to wear jewelry there |刺穿的孔

She has piercings in both of her ears.|她兩耳都打了耳朵眼。

Body massage and ear piercing are offered at the small shop.|這家小店提供身體按摩和穿耳孔服務(wù)。

<30>negative a.1.bad or harmful |不好的；負(fù)面的；消極的

I'm feeling very negative about my job—in fact I'm thinking about finding a new one.|我覺得我的工作很沒勁，事實上我正考慮找一份新工作。

All this had a negative effect on my work.|所有這些對我的工作都產(chǎn)生了負(fù)面影響。

2.saying or meaning no |否定的

What is the negative form of this word? |這個詞的否定形式是什么？

He gave a negative answer without any explanation.|他沒有解釋，只是給了否定回答。

<31>influence n.[C, U] an effect on sb.or sth.|影響；作用

The fact that he's rich and famous had no influence on our decision.|他有錢有名氣，但這不會影響我們的決定。

The parents were worried about the influence of Western films and TV programs on their children.|父母們擔(dān)心西方電影和電視節(jié)目會影響孩子。

vt.|have an effect on |影響

You must decide for yourself.Don't let anyone else influence you.|你必須自己決定，別受他人 的影響。

How much does TV advertising really influence what people buy?| 電視廣告對人們購物的影響到底有多少？

<32>patience n.[U] the quality of being able to remain calm, esp.when there is a difficulty or one has to wait a long time |耐心；忍耐（性）

I'm sorry.I've got no patience with people who don't even try.|對不起，我不能容忍那些連試一下都不肯的人。

This type of medical research requires great patience.|這種醫(yī)學(xué)研究需要極大的耐心。

<33>anchor n.1.[C] sb.or sth.that provides support and a feeling of safety |依靠，靠山 Parents need to be an anchor for their children.|父母應(yīng)當(dāng)是孩子的靠山。

Dad was the anchor of the family and I could always go to him for help.|爸爸是家里人的依靠，我隨時可以去找他幫忙。

2.[C] a heavy metal object that is dropped into the water from a boat in order

to keep the boat in one place |錨

In the morning we weighed anchor and sailed on.|清晨我們起錨繼續(xù)航行。We dropped anchor a few yards offshore.|我們在離岸幾碼遠(yuǎn)的地方拋錨。

<34>identity n.[C] who or what a person or thing is |身份；本體

To escape the police, he had to conceal his identity.|為了躲避警方，他不得不隱瞞身份。She applied for a teaching job under a false identity.|她用假身份申請從事教書工作。

Phrases and Expressions <35>along with |together with |一起，一道

Along with hundreds of others, she lost her job when the factory closed.|工廠倒閉，她和其他幾百名工人一起失去了工作。

The mother was saved from the fire along with her baby.|母親和嬰兒都被從火中救了出來。

<36>turn off |stop using a piece of equipment by moving a switch |關(guān)閉

Please turn all the lights off as you leave the building;we can't afford to waste power.|離開時請將所有的燈關(guān)掉，我們浪費(fèi)不起電。

She turned off the water, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt.|她把水關(guān)掉，擦干身上的水，然后穿上牛仔褲和襯衫。

<37>burst into |1.enter a place suddenly |闖入

She burst into the manager's office and demanded to speak to him.|她沖入經(jīng)理辦公室，要求當(dāng)面跟他說話。

His partner was so excited about the news that he burst into the room to tell him.|他的伙伴聽到這消息非常激動，沖進(jìn)房間去告訴他。

2.start suddenly |突然開始

She burst into laughter.|她突然笑了起來。

Afterwards, she went straight to the ladies' room and burst into tears.|然后，她徑直走進(jìn)衛(wèi)生間

哭了起來。

<38>over and over | again and again;repeatedly |一再，反復(fù)

Read the word over and over until you can say it correctly.|一遍一遍地讀這個單詞，直到你讀對了為止。

They kept asking the same question over and over again.|他們反復(fù)問同一個問題。

<39>reach for |move one's hand or arm in order to touch or hold sth.|伸手去摸；伸手去取 There was no time for me to reach for my gun.|我來不及伸手掏槍。

There was a noise outside, so Bill reached for his flashlight.|比爾聽到外面的聲響，便伸手去拿手電筒。

<40>turn up |increase the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)大，開大 He turned the heat up because it was very cold inside the house.|他把暖氣開大了點，因為屋里非常冷。

Is the sound turned up too loud for you? |你看這聲音是否開得太大了？

<41>turn down |reduce the amount of heat, sound, etc.by moving a switch |調(diào)小，開小 She could not bear the music and turned down the volume.|她受不了這種音樂，于是把音量關(guān)小了。

Can you turn the TV down? I'm trying to work.|你能把電視的聲音開小點嗎？我正想靜心工作呢。

<42>as well as |in addition to |除...之外；和

He's worked in Japan as well as Italy.| 他在日本工作過，也在意大利工作過。

Flowers are chosen for their scent as well as their look.|選花既要聞其香，又要觀其色。

<43>turn on |cause water, gas, etc.to flow or equipment to operate |打開開關(guān) Please turn on the light for me;it's getting dark.|天黑了，請給我開開燈。

Jack turned on his computer and checked his email.|杰克打開電腦，查看電子郵件。

<44>as usual

|in the way that happens most of the time |像往常一樣，照例

Everything went on as usual, as if nothing had happened.|一切照常進(jìn)行，好像什么也沒發(fā)生過。

As usual, they'd left the children at home with the babysitter.|像往常一樣，他們將孩子留在家里由保姆看管。

<45>in peace and quiet |calmly;in a peaceful state |平靜地

I'm tired—can't you just leave me in peace and quiet? |我累了，你不能讓我靜一靜嗎？

I wish she would just leave me in peace and quiet so that I can think about the problem without interruption.|我希望她能讓我靜一靜，這樣我可以不受干擾，好好想一想這個問題。

<46>wake up |(cause to)stop sleeping |（使）醒來 Wake up, Jimmy, it's 8: 00.|醒醒，吉米，八點鐘了！

I'll wake you up when it's time to leave.|到了走的時候我會叫醒你。

<47>make one's blood boil | make sb.angry |使某人生氣

Her tuneless music made her father's blood boil.|她那難聽的音樂使她父親很生氣。Whenever I think about it, it makes my blood boil.|我一想起它就生氣。

<48>get rid of

|1.free oneself from sth.unwanted or unpleasant |擺脫；除去

I've tried all sorts of medicines to get rid of this cold.|為了治好感冒，我已經(jīng)試了各種藥物。This is an effective way to get rid of weeds.|這是一種除草的有效方法。

2.throw away or destroy sth.that one does not want|丟棄；扔掉

We're moving, so we have to get rid of a lot of our old furniture.|我們要搬家，不得不扔掉很多舊家具。

We should encourage the governments of the world to get rid of all nuclear weapons.|我們應(yīng)該鼓勵各國政府銷毀所有的核武器。

<49>knots in one's stomach |an unpleasant tight feeling |緊張，不安 He said he felt knots in his stomach.|他說他感到不安。

She had knots in her stomach before meeting his parents for the first time.|她第一次見他的父母時感到緊張。

<50>in any case |no matter what happens |無論如何；不管怎樣

The cost may be lower than we first thought, but in any case it will still be a lot.|費(fèi)用也許比我們當(dāng)初想象的低，但無論如何仍相當(dāng)可觀。

I don't understand why you're against it.In any case, I'm going to try.|我不明白為什么你不同意，無論如何我要試一試。

<51>talk sth.over |talk about sth.thoroughly and seriously, esp.in order to settle a problem or reach a decision |商議；討論

If you're worried about this change of career, why don't you talk it over with your family? |如果你對這次變換職業(yè)擔(dān)心的話，為什么不和家人商量一下呢？

She wanted me to go to her office to talk things over.|她要我到她辦公室把事情談清楚。

深深的憂慮

收音機(jī)“咔嗒”一聲，搖滾樂就大聲地響開了。音樂像槍聲似的將桑迪吵醒。她看了一下鐘，早上6點一刻。她躺在床上，聽著她喜歡的電臺廣播，嘴里哼著歌詞。

“桑迪，” 她父親喊道，“桑迪，把音樂關(guān)了！”史蒂夫·芬奇沖進(jìn)她的臥室。“你為什么一定要聽這么糟糕的音樂？ 還聽了一遍又一遍。雖然有節(jié)奏，可恐怕不是真正的音樂?！?/p>

“我喜歡這種音樂，爸爸。這是我最喜歡的。您聽一下吧，您肯定會喜歡的?！?桑迪伸手把音樂開得更響。

“別，別開那么響，我受不了。把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)低點，這樣我和你媽媽就聽不到了。我敢肯定，那音樂既傷你的耳朵，又傷你的大腦?！?/p>

桑迪走進(jìn)浴室，打開淋浴噴頭。然后她抓起香皂，渾身上下洗個遍，連頭發(fā)也洗了。

淋浴后，桑迪梳了梳頭發(fā)，穿上一件舊的綠色圓領(lǐng)衫和一條牛仔褲。接著她化好妝，走進(jìn)了廚房。和往常一樣，她不知道早餐該吃什么，便抓了杯牛奶，站在洗滌槽旁吃烤面包。就在此時，她媽媽簡走進(jìn)了廚房。

“桑迪，你怎么不坐下吃飯？ 站著吃飯對身體不好?！?“我知道，媽媽，可我沒時間坐著吃?！?“昨天做作業(yè)了吧，寶貝？” “做了。”

“刷過牙了？”

“媽媽，我還沒吃完飯呢。吃完了再刷。”

“桑迪，你怎么穿那件舊圓領(lǐng)衫呢？ 難看死了?！?“媽媽，請別這樣。” “別怎么樣？” “別這樣煩我。”

“桑迪，你怎么描起眼線來了？”

“我是描了，媽媽。我都描了幾個月了。難道不漂亮？” “桑迪·芬奇，你還小，不能化這么濃的妝?！?/p>

“媽媽，我都15歲了，到了可以化妝的年齡了。給您說實話吧，學(xué)校的女孩子都化妝有些還文身，有的還戴耳環(huán)、鼻環(huán)、舌環(huán)呢。媽媽，我現(xiàn)在沒時間給您說，我快遲到了，得走了。再見。” 桑迪匆匆吻了一下媽媽的臉頰，拿起書沖出了屋子。

桑迪離家上學(xué)后，簡·芬奇平靜地坐下來喝咖啡。沒過一會兒，她丈夫走了進(jìn)來。

“史蒂夫，喝點咖啡吧？”簡問道。

“不，謝謝，親愛的。我胃不舒服，心亂如麻?？赡苁且驗槟怯憛挼囊魳访刻煸缟习盐页承选Ｎ蚁胛疫€不至于老得落伍吧，可沒完沒了地聽那毫無韻律、令人討厭的歌曲實在讓我生氣?！?/p>

“你知道，親愛的，不同年齡的人喜歡不同的音樂，” 簡勸說道?！斑€記得我們聽過的一些音樂嗎？”

史蒂夫笑了，“你說得有道理。也許吃點早飯能讓我感覺好一點。” “你注意到了嗎，今天早晨我們15歲的女兒都化了什么樣的妝？我真不敢相信自己以前沒有注意到。我想我們應(yīng)該感到幸運(yùn)，因為我們女兒的最大問題還只是化妝。我看到其他年輕人在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑，還文身，渾身穿了許多洞。”

“令我擔(dān)心的是，”史蒂夫說，“那種音樂對桑迪可能有負(fù)面的影響。我不知道我們的女兒到底怎么回事。她在變，我很擔(dān)心她?；瘖y品，糟糕的音樂，誰知道以后還會有什么花樣？

我們得和她談?wù)劇Ｐ侣劺飯蟮赖谋M是惹上麻煩的青少年，可他們的父母卻不知道自己的孩子有什么問題?！?/p>

“哦，我倒不認(rèn)為她的音樂如此糟糕。但不管怎么說，你還是說得對，我們需要和桑

迪談?wù)?，?簡說道。

去上班的路上，簡·芬奇一面開著車，一面想著她的桑迪。她知道自己想說什么，得對桑迪說什么。她和桑迪之間還可以進(jìn)行交流，這令她很高興。她知道自己得有耐心，得保持自己和桑迪之間溝通的渠道暢通。她想在桑迪的身邊，做她的保護(hù)人，同時又給她尋找自我的自由。Exercises IX．

1．我認(rèn)為那些在鎮(zhèn)上游手好閑、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表達(dá)他們的個性。

2．因特網(wǎng)提供了一種更快捷的方式，讓我們與全球的新老客戶取得聯(lián)系，并保持溝通渠道暢通無阻。

3．父母與自己十多歲的孩子的溝通問題不僅僅在于“代溝”，而且還在于雙方都不完全理解對方的思想。

4．當(dāng)父母與子女間有了這類溝通障礙時，青少年面臨的問題可能更大。

5．青少年常常要經(jīng)歷這么一個階段，在這個階段，他們覺得父母會讓他們沒面子，害怕他們達(dá)不到自己朋友的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

6．比如，青少年希望在外呆到很睌，但是當(dāng)?shù)诙煸缟弦鸫采蠈W(xué)時，那又是另一回事了。

Structured Writing XII.The first thing you should do to make tea is to boil water.While waiting for it to boil, you can get your teapot out and put the right amount of tea leaves into it.When the water has come to boil, pour it into the teapot.Then wait for a few minutes to 1et the leaves steep.Next? Enjoy the tea.Section B Reading Skills: Distinguishing Between Facts and Opinions Text: Is There a Generation Gap? Language Point Language Point 1 | As a result, many parents fear that peer opinions will become more highly valued and that they in turn will lose influence.(Para.1)| Meaning: Because of this, many parents worry that their children will pay more attention to peers' opinions than to theirs.Language Point 2 | Several questions were asked to tap into basic beliefs and values...(Para.2)| Meaning: Several questions were asked to learn about people's basic beliefs and values...Language Point 3 | Across the generations, there was great consistency in the responses.(Para.2)| Meaning: All four generations have nearly the same answers.Language Point 4 | These studies show that while young people tend to value their peers' evaluations over parents on things like music, clothing and what's “cool”...(Para.3)| Meaning: These studies show that while young people are more likely to prefer their peers' opinions to their parents about such things as music, clothing, and what's “cool”...Language Point 5 |...they continue to look to parents for basic values and guidance in the more important areas of life, such as career and lifetime goals.(Para.3)| Meaning:...they continue to

depend on their parents for basic values, help, and advice in the more important areas of life, such as profession and lifetime goals.Language Point 6 | Perhaps, though, the problem does not lie in a difference of opinions or values, but in the way we relate to and communicate with each other.(Para.4)| Meaning: Perhaps, though, the problem is not that there is a difference of opinions or values between the old and the young, but that they have different ways of understanding and communicating with each other.Language Point 7 | Here are some tips from an article entitled “Bridging the Generation Gap” that might help.(Para.4)| Meaning: Here are some pieces of useful advice taken from an article with the title “Bridging the Generation Gap”.Language Point 8 | An attitude of respect and trust can be contagious.(Para.5)| Meaning: An attitude of respect and trust can bring about the same feelings in other people.In other words, if you respect and trust others, others will respect and trust you.Language Point 9 | Questioning can sound like interrogation.(Para.6)| Meaning: To children the questions parents ask may seem to be questions police ask criminals.Language Point 10 | Instead, adopt an attitude of curiosity rather than control.(Para.6)| Meaning: Instead, you should show your desire to know about your child, not to control him or her.Language Point 11 | If your object is only to listen, you should be careful not to be preparing your response while your teen is still talking.(Para.6)| Meaning: If you just want to listen to your child, you should pay attention to what he or she says rather than think about how to give a reply.Language Point 12 | Ask whether your child wants to hear it before sharing your point of view.(Para.7)| Meaning: Ask whether your child wants to hear your opinion before telling him or her about your ideas on that particular subject.Language Point 13 | If you state your case with a “This is what makes sense to me” attitude as opposed to “This is the right way to see things”, he or she can listen more openly instead of planning rebellion.(Para.7)| Meaning: If you tell your story with a friendly attitude instead of a commanding one, he or she will listen more willingly to you rather than rebel against you.
Notice that “This is what makes sense to me” is taken as a modifier that describes attitude.Language Point 14 | Any way you can get across the message “We're in this together” can help bridge gaps that conflicts might otherwise create.(Para.8)| Meaning: Any method by which you make your teen understand “We shall work on this together” can help bridge gaps that might be caused by other differences between you and your teen.
Note that “you get across the message” is a clause that modifies “any way” while “that conflicts can otherwise create” is a clause that modifies gaps.“We're in this together” is in apposition(同位)to “the message”.The word “in” here means involved in.32

Language Point 15 | Instead of “You're ruining your life!”, say “I'm concerned about what might happen if...” “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”(Para.9)| Meaning: Do not say “You're ruining your life!” Just say “I worry about what might happen if...” or “What do you think you might do in a situation like that?”

Language Point 16 | Whether it's about checking in by the phone, putting things away, or drinking out of the milk carton, “Do as I say and not as I do” will not improve the relationship.(Para.10)| Meaning: Whether it is about reporting ones arrival at a place by the phone, about putting things where they are usually kept, or about drinking out of the milk carton, parents will not make the relationship better if they themselves do not follow the rules that they give to their children.
The implied meaning of this sentence is that whatever the rule is about, parents should follow it before asking their teens to obey it.Language Point 17 | Showing self-acceptance and tolerance for imperfection is very encouraging to teenagers(as well as other people around you)and tends to make you easier to approach with questions, regrets, and challenges.(Para.11)| Meaning: Accepting yourself and admitting that you are not perfect is very encouraging to teenagers(and to other people around you)and is likely to make you an easier person for other people to ask questions, express regrets, and present challenges.Language Point 18 |...like losing your cool or saying something hurtful during an argument.(Para.11)| Meaning:...like losing your self-control or saying something hurtful during a discussion.Language Point 19 | The humor, energy and sense of possibility teenagers often have can awaken parents to positive sides of themselves they had forgotten or neglected.(Para.12)| Meaning: Teenagers are full of humor and energy, and they think that everything is possible.This can make parents aware of their own strong points which they had forgotten or given little attention to.
Note that “teenagers often have” is a clause modifying “the humor, energy and sense of possibility”.New Word

<1>concept

n.[C] a thought, idea, or principle |概念；觀念

The concept that “big is beautiful” is no longer as popular as it was.|“大就是美”這種觀念不再那么流行了。

This section has introduced some of the basic concepts used by many sociologists.|本節(jié)介紹了許多社會學(xué)家使用的某些基本概念。

<2>consistency n.[U] the quality of always being the same |一致性；連貫性

Your work lacks consistency.Sometimes it's excellent but at other times it's full of mistakes.|你的工作缺乏穩(wěn)定性，有時做得很好，有時則錯誤百出。

Consistency of performance depends on several factors.|表演的穩(wěn)定依賴于幾種因素。

<3>response

n.1.[C] a reply |回答

I've sent out 20 letters of inquiry but I haven't had any responses yet.|我發(fā)出了20封詢問信，但還沒有收到回復(fù)。

Her response was to leave the room and slam the door.|她的反應(yīng)是離開房間把門砰地關(guān)上。

2.[C, U] an action done as a reaction to sth.|反應(yīng)，回應(yīng) She opened the door in response to the knock.|聽到敲門后她便開了門。

The report has aroused a strong response from the readers.|這篇報道引起了讀者的強(qiáng)烈反應(yīng)。

<4>refute

vt.prove that sb.or sth.is not correct |反駁，駁斥

I knew he was lying but I had no evidence with which to refute his story.|我知道他在撒謊，但我沒有證據(jù)反駁他。

<5>tend vi.be likely to do sth.|傾向于，趨于

People tend to need less sleep as they grow older.|隨著年齡增長，人們對睡眠的需求往往在減少。

It tends to rain here a lot in the spring.|這里春天往往雨水很多。vt.|take care of;look after |照料，照顧

She tended her husband during his long illness.|丈夫長期臥病，她一直照料他。

ane was outside tending the garden when the fire broke out.|發(fā)生火災(zāi)時，簡在外面護(hù)理花園。

<6>evaluate vt.judge the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評價；評估

|The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard to evaluate its success.|該學(xué)校僅開辦了六個月，現(xiàn)在很難估計其成績。

It can be difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments.|很難評估不同治療方法的效果。

<7> evaluation n.[C, U] a judgment about the value, quality, or degree of sth.|評估；評價 We need to carry out a proper evaluation of the new system.|我們需要對這個新的系統(tǒng)做適當(dāng)評估。

They took some samples of products for evaluation.|他們?nèi)×艘恍悠愤M(jìn)行評估。

<8>guidance n.[U] help and advice |指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)

They offer practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.|他們給開始自己創(chuàng)業(yè)的人提供切實可行的指導(dǎo)。

Your teacher can give you guidance on choosing a career and writing a job application.|你的老師可以指導(dǎo)你如何選擇職業(yè)和寫就業(yè)申請。

<9>career n.[C] a job or profession one is trained for and intends to follow for part or the whole of one's life |職業(yè)；一生的事業(yè)

His career in politics is rather successful.|他的政治生涯很成功。

Overall, I am very pleased about this new turn in my career.|總的說來，我對自己事業(yè)中的轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)很滿意。

<10>trend n.[C] a change toward sth.new or different |趨勢；傾向

Lately there has been a trend towards hiring younger employees.|近來的一種趨勢是雇用年輕的員工。

A lot of the students don't think for themselves;they just follow the latest trends.|很多學(xué)生不用腦思考，他們只會跟隨最新潮流。

<11>apply vt.use sth.such as a method, idea, etc.|使用，應(yīng)用

New technology is being applied to almost every industrial field.|新技術(shù)被應(yīng)用到幾乎每個工業(yè)領(lǐng)域。

These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice.|這些思想在實踐中往往難以應(yīng)用。

vi.|request sth., esp.in writing |申請

She said she would apply to the department for a computer.|她說她會向系里申請要部電腦。How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one? |在得到這份工作之前，你申請了多少工作？

<12>individual a.single or particular |單個的；個別的

The education department decides on general teaching policies, but the exact details are left to the individual schools.|教育部門決定總的教育方針，但確切的細(xì)節(jié)留待各個學(xué)校自己處理。He has his own individual method of organizing his work.|他以自己獨(dú)特的方式組織自己的工作。

n.[C] one single person or thing |個人；個體

Are the needs of society more important than the rights of the individual? |社會的需求比個人的權(quán)利更重要嗎？

Effects of the drug vary from individual to individual.|這藥的效果因人而異。

<13>teen n.[C](infml.)a teenager |少年，十幾歲的孩子

Many teens continue to look to their parents for guidance in their studies.|許多十多歲的孩子學(xué)習(xí)時依然依賴父母給予幫助。

Seeing the police, the teens ran away.|一看到警察，這些少年就跑開了。

<14>relate vi.(to)be able to understand a situation or the way sb.feels or thinks |理解；適應(yīng)；和睦相處

The magazine deals with scientific subjects that ordinary people can relate to.|該雜志討論的科學(xué)話題一般人都能看懂。

Laurie finds it difficult to relate to children.|勞利感到很難與孩子溝通。

V.show or make a connection between two different things |把...聯(lián)系起來

I don't understand how the two ideas relate.|我不明白這兩個觀點之間有什么聯(lián)系。

The report relates heart disease to high levels of stress.|這篇報告認(rèn)為心臟病與精神壓力過大有關(guān)。

<15>entitle vt.1.give a title to a book, play, etc.|給（書、劇本等）題名；定名

Have you read the novel entitled Crime and Punishment? |你讀過《罪與罰》這部小說嗎？

The last song is entitled “Into the Woods”.|最后一首歌叫《走進(jìn)森林》。

2.give sb.the right to have or do sth.|使有權(quán)做；給予...的資格

Only members of the company are entitled to use the facilities.|只有公司職員有權(quán)享用這些設(shè)施。

Being a member entitles you to discounts on tickets.|成為會員可以使你享受折扣票。

<16>attitude n.[C] a way of feeling or thinking about sb.or sth.|態(tài)度；心態(tài) She shows a very positive attitude to her work.|她的工作態(tài)度很積極。

Officials took the attitude that the problem was not their responsibility.|官員的態(tài)度是，這問題不是他們的責(zé)任。

<17>contagious a.1.(of an action, thought, etc.)that is likely to cause a similar response in others |有感染力的

Her contagious smile impressed me most.| 她的微笑富有感染力，給我留下深刻印象。

Trust is contagious.You trust other people and they will trust you.|信任是有感染力的。你信任他人，他人就信任你。

2.(of a disease)that can be passed from one person to another |傳染的

Measles is highly contagious.|麻疹的傳染性很強(qiáng)。

Most eye infections are contagious.|多數(shù)眼睛感染是會傳染的。

<18>confidence n.1.[U] the belief that one can do sth.well |信心，把握

The company is looking forward with confidence to the next five years.|那家公司對未來五年充滿信心。

I developed much more confidence in my ability and I've pushed my grades up.|我對自己的能力信心更足，而且我的成績也提高了。

2.[U] the belief that sb.or sth.is good and one can trust them |信任，信賴

We have complete confidence in your ability to do the job.|我們完全相信你有能力做這項工作。

What is most important is to maintain the customers' confidence in our product.|最重要的是要保持消費(fèi)者對我們產(chǎn)品的信賴。

<19>self-confidence n.[U] confidence in oneself |自信

Passing the test helped her gain self-confidence.|她通過了考試，這幫助她獲得了自信。

He's new on the job, but he has plenty of self-confidence.|他干這項工作是個新手，但是他非常自信。

<20>sound vi.(linking verb)seem |聽起來；好像

This proposal sounds good to me, and I'm interested in seeing how it actually works.|這個建議聽起來很好，而且我很想看如何實施它。

It sounds to me as if he needs professional help.|我覺得他好像需要職業(yè)幫助。

<21>interrogation n.[C, U] the process of asking sb.questions for information, sometimes using threats |審問，盤問

He said he had the right to silence during the police interrogations.|他說警察審問時他有權(quán)保持沉默。

The interrogation of terrorist suspects gave the police a lot of information.|通過審問恐怖分子嫌

疑犯警察獲得了很多信息。

<22>adopt vt.1.decide to use sth.|采用；采取

She decided not to adopt her husband's name when she got married.|她決定婚后不從夫姓。These standards have been adopted by many cities;others have established their own standards.|很多城市采用了這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；其他城市建立了自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

2.take sb.else's child into one's family and legally become its parent |收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)

The couple adopted a baby boy.|那對夫婦領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了一個男嬰。She was adopted when she was four.|他四歲時被人領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了。

<23>curiosity n.[U] the desire to know or learn |好奇心；求知欲 She asked the question out of curiosity.|她問這個問題是出于好奇心。

The news aroused a lot of curiosity among local people.|這條新聞引起了當(dāng)?shù)厝说臉O大好奇心。

<24>view n.1.[C] an opinion or idea about sth.|觀點，意見 In my view, she has done nothing wrong.|依我看，她沒有做錯。

I don't agree with the view that longer prison sentences stop people from committing crime.|我不同意判重刑會阻止人們犯罪這一觀點。

2.[U] ability to see sth.;sight |視力；視線

The car turned the corner and was no longer in our view.| 那輛車拐過街角就從我們的視線中消失了。

Frank hit him in full view of all the guests.|弗蘭克當(dāng)著所有客人的面打了他。

<25>oppose vt.disagree with sth.such as a plan or idea and try to change or stop it |反對 Some people oppose the use of death penalty.|有的人反對使用死刑。

The local people opposed the building of an airport nearby.|當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳υ诟浇藿C(jī)場。

<26>rebellion n.[C, U] opposition to sb.in authority;refusal to obey |反抗；反對；對（權(quán)威等的）蔑視

As a result of the workers' rebellion, their working conditions have been improved.|工人們反抗的結(jié)果是，他們的工作條件得到了改善。

Teenage rebellion is something that many parents are concerned about.|青少年叛逆是很多父母關(guān)心的事情。

<27>chore n.[C] a regular piece of work or job, esp.in a house |家庭雜務(wù)；日常零星工作 Everyday chores like shopping and housework take much of her time.|購物、家務(wù)等日常雜務(wù)占去了她很多時間。

Husbands should do their share of the household chores.|丈夫也應(yīng)該承擔(dān)部分家務(wù)活。

<28>conflict

n.[C, U] a state of disagreement or argument between people or groups |沖突；爭論

There is a conflict between what they are doing and what we need.|他們所做的事與我們的需要有沖突。

I came into conflict with one of my key managers.|我與我的一個重要經(jīng)理發(fā)生了沖突。

vi.(of ideas, beliefs, etc.)cannot exist together or both be true |沖突；抵觸

His statement and yours conflict.|他的話和你的話相互矛盾。

The company's desire to make large profits often conflicts with consumers' interests.|公司想賺大錢，這往往與顧客的利益沖突。

<29>credibility n.[U] the quality of deserving belief and trust |可信性；可靠性

The accident has damaged the credibility of the nuclear power industry.|這一事故損壞了核能工業(yè)的可信度。

There are questions about the credibility of these reports.|對于這些報道的可靠性，有人提出了質(zhì)疑。

<30>ruin vt.|destroy or spoil completely |毀壞，毀掉 The war ruined the ancient city.|戰(zhàn)爭毀掉了那座古城。

A long strike would ruin the company.|長期罷工會毀掉這家公司。

<31>carton n.[C] a box made from stiff paper or plastic |硬紙盒；塑料盒 a carton of orange juice |一盒橙汁

I took a ballpoint pen and punched a hole in the carton.|我拿了一支圓珠筆，在盒子上戳了個洞。

<32>admit vt.accept or agree that sth.is true or sb.is right |接受；承認(rèn) He admitted his guilt.|他承認(rèn)有罪。

You may not like her, but you have to admit that she's good at her job.|你可能不喜歡她，但你得承認(rèn)她工作很出色。

<33>acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting or being accepted |接受；認(rèn)可

The new theory is gaining acceptance among the experts.|這一新理論正被專家所接受。His calm acceptance of whatever comes his way surprised us.|無論發(fā)生什么，他都能冷靜接受，這使我們很吃驚。

<34>Self-acceptance n.[U] the act of accepting oneself |自我接受

Self-acceptance may be even more difficult than getting other people to accept you.|自我接受也許比讓別人接受你更難。

Self-acceptance is important to most youngsters.|自我接受對多數(shù)青少年來說很重要。

<35>tolerance n.[U] the ability to accept or allow sth.that one does not like or agree with |包容；寬容

We should have tolerance for those with different views.|我們應(yīng)該包容不同意見的人。

My biggest weakness was my lack of tolerance for any error.|我最大的缺點是我不能容忍任何錯誤。

<36>perfection n.[U] the state of being perfect or without fault |完美 He aims at perfection in everything he does.|他做事樣樣追求完美。

The perfection of a person's looks is only skin deep.True beauty comes from the inside.|外貌的完美是膚淺之美。真正的美來自內(nèi)心。

<37>imperfection n.[C, U] the state or quality of not being perfect |不完美

He admits that there are imperfections in the social system.|他承認(rèn)社會制度有不完美的地方。The design of the test has some imperfections.|這一考試的設(shè)計有不完美的地方。

<38>approach v.move closer |接近，靠近

She heard footsteps approaching from behind.|她聽到身后有腳步聲向她靠近。As I approached the house, I noticed a light on upstairs.|在我靠近房子時，我注意到樓上有盞燈亮著。

vt.begin to consider or deal with |處理

What is the best way to approach this problem? |著手處理這個難題的最好辦法是什么？

It might be possible to approach the issue in a different way.|或許可以用另一種方式來處理這個問題。

n.1.[C] a method of doing sth.or dealing with a problem |方法；途徑

Parents don't always know what approach to take with teenage children.|父母往往不知道怎樣對待十多歲的孩子。

The company needs to adopt a different approach to this matter.|處理這個問題，公司需要一種不同的方法。

2.[U] the act of moving closer |接近，靠近

With the approach of winter, animals begin collecting food.|冬天來臨，動物開始儲藏食物。At their approach the boy ran away.|他們走近時，小男孩跑開了。

<39>hurtful a.painful to the feelings |傷感情的；刻薄的 His words were hurtful.|他的話很傷感情。

Don't say such hurtful things to your friend.|別對你的朋友說這樣傷感情的話。

<40>argument n.1.[C] a disagreement, esp.one that is noisy |爭論，爭吵

She had an argument with her father about music.|她和她父親為了音樂問題而爭吵。She told the police that she and her husband had an argument before he left.|她告訴警察，在丈夫離開前，她和他吵了架。

2.[C] a reason given to support or oppose sth.|論據(jù)；論點

His argument was that if they bought a smaller car, they would save money.|他的理由是，如果買輛小的車，他們就可以省點錢。

Do you agree with the argument that violence on TV makes people behave violently? |電視里的暴力使人們行為充滿暴力，你同意這種觀點嗎？

<41>humor n.[U](BrE humour)the quality of causing fun |幽默；詼諧

|It's an awful situation but at least you can see the humor in it.|處境雖然尷尬，但你至少可看到其中的幽默。

Do the best you can, hope for the best, and try to keep a sense of humor.|盡力干，往好的方面想，力求保持幽默感。

<42>possibility n.[C, U] sth.that might happen or be true |可能（發(fā)生）的事；可能性 There is a strong possibility that they will win the election.|他們很有可能在選舉中獲勝。

What's the possibility of the weather getting better before the weekend? |周末之前天氣好轉(zhuǎn)的可能性有多大？

<43>awaken v.wake up or make sb.wake up |醒來；喚醒

He awakened to see it was already 10 in the morning.|他醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)已是上午10點。We were awakened by a loud knock at the door.|敲門聲音很大，把我們吵醒了。

<44>neglect vt.give little or no attention to |忽視，忽略

The garden has been neglected for a long time.|花園已很久沒有人照管了。

Four security guards were accused of neglecting their duties.|四位保安人員被指控失職。

n.[U] failure to look after sth.or sb.properly |忽略，疏忽

The accident was caused by neglect of duty.|事故是由于玩忽職守引起的。

After years of neglect, the road was in poor condition.|由于幾年無人維護(hù)，這條路的路況很糟糕。

Phrases and Expressions <45>as a result |because of sth.that has happened |結(jié)果是

There was a heavy snow and, as a result, she was late.|她由于下大雪而遲到了。

A terrible earthquake took place last week.As a result, 2,500 people were killed.|上周發(fā)生了可怕的地震，結(jié)果死了2,500人。

<46>in turn |1.as a result of sth.|因此，轉(zhuǎn)而

One of the members told the story to his friend who, in turn, leaked it to a reporter.|一名成員將情況告訴了他的朋友，這個朋友轉(zhuǎn)而將消息告訴了記者。

Stressful environment leads to unhealthy behavior, which in turn increase the risk of heart disease.2.one after the other, esp.in a particular order |依次；輪流

There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke in turn.|女士們依次發(fā)言，聽眾對每個人報以歡呼。

We drove in turn so that each of us could rest a bit.|我們輪流開車，以便大家都能休息一會。

<47>tap into |understand sth.such as people's ideas, beliefs or attitudes |了解

The survey is aimed to tap into people's attitudes toward the new policy.|這項調(diào)查旨在了解人們對新政策的態(tài)度。

The program helps people tap into more job opportunities.|這個項目幫助人們了解更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會。

<48>get ahead |make progress or be successful |取得進(jìn)步；成功

The best way to get ahead is through hard work.|成功的最佳途徑是努力工作。

She soon found that it wasn't easy to get ahead in the movie business.|她很快發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在電影業(yè)發(fā)展。

<49>look to |depend on sb.to do sth.|依賴；指望

He always looked to his father for advice.|他經(jīng)常依靠父親給他提供意見。

They're looking to the new manager to make the company profitable.|他們正指望新經(jīng)理能使公司贏利。

<50>feel like |feel as if |感覺好像；似乎

They felt like they were giving away company secrets.|他們覺得好像在泄露公司秘密。I stayed there two days, but it felt like a week.|我在那里呆了兩天，但覺得好像呆了一周。

<51>the way |(used to introduce a clause)in the way that |以...方式，以...方法

He does not bother about small matters the way his elder brother does.|他不像他哥哥常為瑣事而操心。

He tried to decorate his house the way we did.|他盡力像我們一樣裝修房子。

<52>sound like |seem |聽起來；似乎

Becoming a doctor sounds like a good idea.|當(dāng)醫(yī)生似乎是個好主意。

Malta sounds like a great place for a holiday.|馬耳他似乎是個度假的好地方。

<53>rather than |instead of |而不是

It was what he meant rather than what he said that annoyed me.|讓我生氣的是他話中的意思，而不是他所說的話。

Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.|發(fā)展核科學(xué)應(yīng)該是為了造福人類而不是傷害人類。

<54>point of view |a particular way of seeing or judging a situation, person, event, etc.|觀點，意見

He always put his point of view with courage.|他總是大膽地說出自己的觀點。

From an economic point of view, the new development will benefit the town greatly.|從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度看，新的發(fā)展大大有利于這個城鎮(zhèn)。

<55>as opposed to |used to compare two things and show they are different from each other |與...對照；而不是

This is a book about business practice as opposed to theory.|這本書講的商業(yè)實務(wù)而不是理論。Students have discussions as opposed to just listening to the teacher.|學(xué)生們展開討論，而不是單純地聽老師講。

<56>get across |(cause to)become understood or accepted |（被）理解；（被）接受

It is hard to get some Chinese jokes across to foreigners because of cultural gap.|由于文化差異，一些中國笑話很難被外國人理解。

We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous.|我們必須讓人知道這個簡單的事實：毒品是很危險的。

<57>be concerned about

|give one's attention to or worry about sb.or sth.|擔(dān)心

If you are concerned about your baby's health you should consult a doctor immediately.|如果你

擔(dān)心嬰兒的健康，就立刻帶他去看醫(yī)生。

She is concerned about her son's performance at school.|她很擔(dān)心兒子在學(xué)校的成績。

<58>check in |1.(AmE)call a person to say where one is and what one is doing |打電話報平安

He called to check in and tell us how he was doing.|他打電話報平安，告訴我們他的情況。She checks in with her mother at least once a week.|她一個星期至少打一次電話給媽媽報平安。

2.report one's arrival, as at a hotel desk, airport, etc.|登記入住；辦登機(jī)手續(xù)

We've checked in at a local hotel.|我們已在當(dāng)?shù)匾患衣灭^辦理了入住手續(xù)。

Passengers should check in two hours before the time their plane leaves.|旅客要在起飛前兩小時辦理登機(jī)手續(xù)。

<59>put sth.Away |put sth.where one usually keeps it |把某物收好或放好 Put the books away on the bookshelf.|把書放回到書架上。He put his toys away every night.|他每晚都把玩具收拾好。

<60>lose one's cool

|lose one's calmness and self-control |失去冷靜

His teacher lost his cool when the boy was late again.|男孩又遲到了，他的老師很生氣。

I should not have lost my cool and behaved in that manner.|我真不該生氣，做出那樣的行為。

<61>awaken sb.to sth.|make sb.aware of sth.|使某人意識到某事

We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment.|我們必須使人們認(rèn)識到保護(hù)環(huán)境的必要性。

The program awakens us to the danger of pollution.|這個節(jié)目讓我們認(rèn)識到污染的危害。

有代溝嗎？

“代溝”這一術(shù)語出現(xiàn)于20世紀(jì)60年代。代溝的概念之一是指父母和孩子有不同的價值觀和信仰。因此，很多父母害怕孩子贊成伙伴的觀點，父母轉(zhuǎn)而失去影響力。雖然這個術(shù)語還是常常被使用，有人卻開始問這個問題：“今天的社會還有代溝嗎？”

有一項研究比較了四代人：18-30歲的人，31-48歲的人，49-62歲的人，63歲和63歲以上的人，問了幾個問題以了解人們對一些問題的基本信仰和價值觀，如“努力工作是成功之道”，“美國是世界上最佳的生活地”。四代人給出的答案非常接近。

許多對年輕人的研究駁斥了代溝這一觀念的存在。這些研究顯示，較之父母對音樂、服裝和何為“酷”的評價，年輕人更趨于贊同伙伴的見解，與此同時，在生活中更重要的方面，如職業(yè)生涯、終身目標(biāo)等，他們還是繼續(xù)依賴父母的基本價值觀和指導(dǎo)。

當(dāng)然，總趨勢是不能時時用于個例的。覺得在我們和我們的十多歲孩子之間好像存在令人不快的“代溝”，需要彌合它，這是自然的。然而，問題也許不在于見解和價值觀的不同，而在于我們相互理解和溝通的方式。下面的建議摘自于一篇題為“彌合代溝”的文章，也許對彌合代溝有所幫助。

尊重他人。尊重與信任是能感染人的。年輕人往往以父母看待他們的方式看待自己。反過來，當(dāng)你表示你尊重他們有能力決策和從錯誤中學(xué)習(xí)時，他們會因此而獲得自信和自尊。

多聽少說。詢問聽起來可能像審問，不要這樣。應(yīng)該抱有好奇的態(tài)度而不是控制之心。問些這樣的問題：“怎么會這樣？你現(xiàn)在怎么看？當(dāng)時吃驚嗎？現(xiàn)在打算怎么做？你有什么計劃？這事你是不是需要幫助？”如果你的目的只是聽，在孩子說話時，你就需小心別在心里琢磨怎么回答。這樣你會聽得更好，而孩子也會受到鼓勵說得更多。

先問孩子是否想聽，然后才說你的觀點。只有當(dāng)孩子說“是”時才繼續(xù)說下去，而且要簡潔。不要說教，不要期待孩子同意你的觀點。說話時，如果你的態(tài)度是“我是這樣理解的”，而不是“這樣看問題才對”，孩子就可能更愿意聽，而不會有逆反心理。

用“我們”而不用“你”。“離開家之前我們要做家務(wù)，我們怎么料理必須做的事呢？” 不論你用什么方式，只要能將“這是我們共同的事”這一信息傳達(dá)給孩子，就有助于彌合本可能由沖突帶來的鴻溝。

保持冷靜。交談時生氣或者太激動，你就可能輕易地毀了自己的可信度。不要說“你毀了你的一生！”而要說“我擔(dān)心如果......會怎么樣。在這種情況下，你想你可能怎么辦？”

不要使用雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。青少年非常警惕雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。別指望他們遵守你自己都不遵守的規(guī)則。無論是打電話報平安，還是叫他們收拾東西，或用奶盒喝牛奶，“照我說的做”而不是“照我做的做”是不會改善關(guān)系的。

承認(rèn)自己的錯誤，說說你從他們身上學(xué)到了什么。表現(xiàn)出自我接受和對不完美的容忍能很好地鼓勵青少年（以及你身邊的其他人），也往往能讓他們更容易接近你，向你提出問題、表達(dá)遺憾甚至對你提出挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)你認(rèn)為自己做錯了事或說錯了話，比如發(fā)了脾氣或爭論時說了令人傷心的話，就道歉。

有欣賞之心。青少年常有幽默感，充滿活力，看什么事都覺得可能，這些能使父母意識到自己身上已被忘記或忽略的好的方面。當(dāng)十多歲的孩子體驗到被人愛時，他們通常表現(xiàn)得更可愛。Exercises

Section C Comprehensive Exercises

Unit 3 Preview When we are faced with a problem that we are unable to solve, a simple act of kindness from a stranger may provide a solution, lift our spirits, and even change our lives.Further, their actions may give us an example to follow in our own lives.Even when facing personal problems of our own, we need to choose to make other people?s lives better with our courage, imagination, and generosity.We should live our daily lives with the goal of helping others, and provide support without thinking of our own gains.If we live our lives in this way, we will find the satisfaction and purpose that we seek.Section A Pre-reading Activity In this story, a man describes that he felt ashamed when walking down the street with his crippled father when he was younger.He did not like the way people stared at the two of them.His father, on the other hand, never showed that he noticed others? reactions to his disability.He was very active and often took part in activities with his son.Over time, the son learned that his father had a very good heart.His father has been gone for many years now and he regrets not telling him how much he admired him.He often remembers the example his father set 1.Because his father was crippled.2.2.He felt ashamed to be with his father when he was younger.Now he regrets not telling his father how much he admired him.Text: A Good Heart to Lean On

Language Point

Language Point 1 | More than I realized, Dad has helped me keep my balance.| Meaning: Dad supported me emotionally and mentally more than I knew.Language Point 2 | He was severely crippled and very short...(Para.1)| Cultural Notes: Whereas at one time it might have been acceptable to call a person a “cripple” if injuries or deformities kept him from walking properly, it is no longer so.Nowadays we use the terms “handicapped person” or “disabled person”/individual instead of “cripple”.Some especially sensitive people prefer the terms “handi-capable person” and “specially-abled person”.Language Point 3 | I would inwardly struggle at the unwanted attention.(Para.1)| Meaning: I tried to overcome my feelings of embarrassment caused by the people who watched us;I did not want them to watch us.Language Point 4 | If he ever noticed or was bothered, he never let on.(Para.1)| Meaning: He never showed that he was aware of it or troubled.Note that the conjunction “if” is used here to mean “although”.| More examples:| If she's poor, at least she's honest.
她雖然窮，至少她是誠實的。
It was a nice meal, if a little expensive.
那是一頓美餐，雖然貴了點。

Language Point 5 | It was difficult to coordinate our steps—his halting, mine impatient...(Para.2)| Meaning: We had difficulty walking together at the same speed because he was slow and unsteady and I walked quickly, having no patience to wait for him...Language Point 6 | But as we started out, he always said, “You set the pace.I will try to adjust to you.”(Para.2)| Meaning: But when we began our walk, he always said, “You set the speed of our walk and I will try to change my speed to keep up.”

Language Point 7 | He went to work sick...(Para.3)| Meaning: He went to work even when he was ill...| Here the adjective “sick” indicates a clause “even when he was sick”.| More examples:| He went to bed hungry last night.
他昨晚是餓著肚子上床睡覺的。
The tomatoes should be picked green.
這些西紅柿應(yīng)該青的時候摘。

Language Point 8 |...despite nasty weather.(Para.3)| Meaning:...although the weather was very bad.Language Point 9 |...and would make it to the office even if others could not.(Para.3)| Meaning:...and he would arrive on time at the office even if others could not.Language Point 10 | It was a matter of pride.(Para.3)| Meaning: It(getting to the office on time)was something that my father was proud of.Language Point 11 | Once there, he would cling to the handrail...(Para.4)| Meaning: As soon as he got there, he would hold on to the handrail for support...| “Once” as a conjunction introduces an adverbial clause in which the subject and the verb “be” can often be omitted.| More examples:| Once(they are)in bed, the children usually go to sleep very quickly.
一上床，這些孩子通常很快就睡著了。
Once(it is)damaged, it takes many years for the environment to recover.
環(huán)境一旦遭到破壞，需要許多年才能恢復(fù)（正常）。

Language Point 12 |...the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(Para.4)| Meaning:...the lower steps that had no ice on them because of the warm air from the tunnel.Language Point 13 | When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken...(Para.5)| Meaning: When I think of it now, I am surprised at how brave he must have been...Language Point 14 |...subject himself to such shame and stress.(Para.5)| Meaning:...make him experience such shame and stress.Language Point 15 | And at how he did it—without bitterness or complaint.(Para.5)| Meaning:(I am amazed)at how he subjected himself to shame and stress without pain or complaining.45

Language Point 16 | He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.(Para.6)| Meaning: He never said that other people should feel sorry for him.And he didn't show any jealousy of those who were luckier or could do things he could not.| “Nor” is used after a negative statement in order to add something else that the negative statement applies to.Note the use of the past auxiliary “did” and the reversed order.| More examples:| I have never been dishonest, nor do I plan to start being so now.
我從來沒撒過謊，現(xiàn)在我也不打算開始破這個例。
I have never been to Paris, nor has my wife.
我從未去過巴黎，我妻子也沒去過。

Language Point 17 | What he looked for in others was a good heart...(Para.6)| Meaning: He tried to find qualities of, kindness, honest, etc.in other people...| Note that “good heart” is used to refer to the kind, honest, and generous nature of a person.|

Language Point 18 |...I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people...(Para.7)| Meaning:...I believe that it is suitable to judge whether a person is good or bad by whether he or she has a good heart or not...Language Point 19 | But I know at times I don't have one myself.(Para.7)| Meaning: But I know sometimes I don't have a “good heart”.Language Point 20 | Unable to engage in many activities...(Para.8)| Meaning: Although he was unable to take part in many activities...| Here “unable to...” is used to show concession.In English, adjectives or adjectival phrases are often used, especially at the beginning of a sentence, to show reason, concession, etc.| More examples:| Glad to accept, the boy nodded his agreement.
那男孩樂意接受，點頭表示同意。
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.
主席急于作出決定，要求投票表決。
Rather nervous, the man opened the letter.
那個人很緊張，拆開了信。

Language Point 21 |...my father still tried to participate in some way.(Para.8)| Meaning:...my father still tried to take part in some activities in one way or another.Language Point 22 | When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para.8)| Meaning: When a local baseball team had no manager, my father managed to make it run smoothly.| Pay attention to the structure of “find oneself + prep./V-ing/V-ed”.| More examples:| At dusk, they found themselves at a valley.
黃昏時，他們來到一個山谷。
I found myself agreeing with everything she says.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)她說什么我都同意。
They woke up to find themselves surrounded by water.
他們醒來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)被水包圍了。|

Language Point 23 |...where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para.8)| Meaning:...where he could enjoy himself by just sitting and watching.| In English, “have a good(hard, difficult, etc.)time” is usually followed directly by

-ing verb phrases without using any preposition.|

More examples:| I had a hard time finding you.
我費(fèi)了好大勁才找到你。
She had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.
她好不容易勸說他接受了那份工作。
In Spain she had a good time swimming and sunbathing on the beach.
在西班牙，她又游泳又在海灘上曬太陽，過得很愉快。

Language Point 24 | On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving.(Para.9)| Meaning: Once a fight suddenly started at a beach party and everyone at the party struck and pushed each other.Language Point 25 | He wasn't content to sit and watch...(Para.9)| Meaning: He wasn't satisfied just sitting and watching...Language Point 26 |...but he couldn't stand unaided on the soft sand.(Para.9)| Meaning:...but he couldn't stand on the soft sand without help.| The adjective “unaided” is used here to show the condition of being without help.|

Language Point 27 | But the next day people kidded him by saying...(Para.10)| Meaning: But the following day people made fun of him and said...Language Point 28 |...it was the first time any fighter was urged to take a dive before the fight began.(Para.10)| Meaning:...it was the first time any fighter was asked to admit defeat before the fight started.Language Point 29 | And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.(Para.11)| Meaning: And when I came home from the Navy for a holiday, he made sure that I visited his office.Language Point 30 |...and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.(Para.11)| Meaning:...and I could have done the same thing too, if I had not been severely crippled like this.| Pay attention to the subjunctive mood used in the sentence.|

Language Point 31 | He has been gone many years now...(Para.12)| Meaning: He has been dead for many years now...| “Be gone” is a more pleasant, less direct way of saying “be dead”.This use of language is called euphemism(委婉語).| Another example:| His father passed away(= died)last year.
他父親是去年過世的。

Language Point 32 | I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks.(Para.12)| Meaning: I don't know(even today)whether he realized that I was unwilling to be seen with him during our walks.Language Point 33 | If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was，47

how I regretted it.(Para.12)| Meaning: If he did realize that I was embarrassed, I regret not telling him that I was sorry, and that I didn't deserve to be his son, and that I regretted having behaved that way.Language Point 34 | I think of him when I complain about trifles...(Para.12)| Meaning: I think of him when I express feelings of unhappiness about unimportant things...|Language Point 35 |...I am envious of another's good fortune...(Para.12)| Meaning:...I wish I had another person's good luck...New Words

<1>lean vi.1.be against a wall or other surface |倚，靠

There is a ladder leaning against the wall.| 有一架梯子靠在墻上。

The old man leaning upon his stick at the gate is John's grandfather.| 那位在大門邊倚著拐杖的老人是約翰的祖父。

2.bend in a certain direction |傾斜，傾向，偏向

Don't lean out of the window when the bus is moving.|公共汽車開出時，別把身子探出窗外。Just lean forward for a moment, please.|請向前靠一會兒。

<2>balance n.1.[U] mental or emotional calm |平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜

She soon recovered her balance after she lost her temper.|她發(fā)脾氣后不久就恢復(fù)了平靜。His wife helped him keep his balance during difficult times.|他的妻子在他困難時候幫助他保持沉著心態(tài)。

2.[U] a state in which all weights and forces are evenly spread so as not to fall |平衡，均衡

Horse riders need a good sense of balance.|騎馬的人需要有良好的平衡感。

It's difficult to keep one's balance on an icy street.|在結(jié)冰的街道上保持平衡是不容易的。

v.(cause to)be even and keep in balance |（使）平衡，（使）均衡

When you ride a bicycle you must learn to balance.|騎自行車必須學(xué)會保持平衡。

Balancing my cup of coffee in one hand, I managed to open the door.|我拿穩(wěn)手中的咖啡杯，設(shè)法打開了門。

vt.|consider in relation to sth.else;compare |權(quán)衡，比較

You have to balance the positive points of living in a big city against the negative ones.|你必須權(quán)衡居住在大城市的利弊。

They balanced the profit and loss to see what had been gained.|他們比較盈虧情況，看看賺了多少。

<3>severe a.1.very bad or serious |惡劣的，嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的 She is suffering from a severe headache.|她頭疼得厲害。

The dry season is becoming more and more severe.|旱災(zāi)日益嚴(yán)重。

2.strict or hard in thinking or treatment|嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)厲的

Drug dealers face a severe punishment.|販毒者會受到嚴(yán)厲的懲罰。

The president came under severe criticism for the new tax policy.|新的稅收政策使總統(tǒng)受到嚴(yán)厲抨擊。

<4> severely ad.in a strict way |嚴(yán)重地；嚴(yán)格地，嚴(yán)厲地

The house was severely damaged in the hurricane.|房屋在颶風(fēng)中遭受嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞。My mother was suffering severely from a cold.|我母親正患重感冒。

<5>cripple vt.make sb.unable to walk or move properly |使跛，使殘廢 He was crippled in an accident.|他在一次事故中變成了殘廢。He has been crippled with pain.|他感覺很疼，走路一瘸一拐。

n.[C] sb.who is physically disabled, esp.unable to walk |跛子，瘸子

Though he is a cripple, he supports his family by working hard.|雖然腿腳不便, 他還是努力干活養(yǎng)家。

She has gone from being a healthy young woman to being a cripple.|她從一個健康的年輕女子變成了殘疾人。

<6>inward a.1.located within;inside, esp.in the mind or spirit |在內(nèi)的，內(nèi)部的（尤指頭腦中、精神上）

inward doubts |內(nèi)心的懷疑

He helped others to achieve inward peace.|他幫助別人以獲得自己內(nèi)心的平靜。

2.going toward the inside |向內(nèi)的

an inward curve |向內(nèi)的弧線 an inward movement |向內(nèi)移動

<7> inwardly ad.in mind or spirit |內(nèi)心（或精神）方面

She was inwardly sad but she would not say anything about it.|她內(nèi)心痛苦，卻不會在言辭中表現(xiàn)出來。

She hates him inwardly.|她從心底恨他。

<8>bother vt.make sb.feel worried or upset |使苦惱

What bothers me most is my inability to keep up with others.|令我煩心的是我跟不上其他人。His rudeness bothers me.|我討厭他的粗魯。

vi.|make an effort to do sth.|盡力，費(fèi)心

Few people ever bothered to talk to him.|很少有人費(fèi)心和他講話。

I never bother to iron my shirts, so they're often a bit wrinkled.|我從不愿意花精力去熨襯衣，所以它們常常有點皺。

<9>coordinate vt.cause different parts, body parts, etc.to work together very well |使協(xié)調(diào) The plan was not very well coordinated.|那項計劃協(xié)調(diào)得不好。

We must coordinate our efforts to help people who have been affected by the flood.|我們必須齊心協(xié)力去幫助遭受水災(zāi)的災(zāi)民。

<10>halt v.stop |暫停，中斷，中止

The project halted for lack of fund.|那個項目因缺乏資金而停了下來。No one can halt the advance of history.|誰也阻擋不了歷史的前進(jìn)。

n.|[sing.] a stop or pause |暫停，中斷，中止

The car came to a halt in time to prevent an accident.|汽車及時剎住，避免了一場事故。Production was brought to a halt by a strike.|由于罷工，生產(chǎn)停頓了。

<11>impatient a.1.easily annoyed;not patient |不耐煩的，沒有耐心的

Don't be so impatient!The bus will be here soon.|別這樣不耐煩！公共汽車很快就來。You're too impatient with her.She's only a child.|你對她太沒耐心了，她還只是個孩子。

2.very eager to do sth.or for sth.to happen;anxious |急切的，渴望的

They were already impatient to try.|他們已經(jīng)迫不及待，躍躍欲試了。

Many business students are impatient to become managers.|許多商科學(xué)生急切地想成為經(jīng)理。

<12>pace n.1.[sing.] speed of walking or running |步速；走（跑）的速度

They quickened their pace as they approached their cars.|他們接近汽車時加快了步伐。She slowed down her pace so I could keep up with her.|她放慢了速度，以便我能跟上她。

2.[sing.] the speed at which sth.happens |速度，速率；節(jié)奏

The pace of change in the computer industry is very fast.|計算機(jī)工業(yè)發(fā)展變化速度很快。I like the pace of life in the city.| 我喜歡這個城市的生活節(jié)奏。

vi.walk with slow, regular, even steps |踱步，慢步走

The policeman paced up and down the street.|警察在街上踱來踱去。

Sarah paced back and forth in the hallway, waiting for the doctor to come back.|莎拉沿著走廊走來走去，等醫(yī)生回來。

<13>adjust v.(to)become or make suited(to new conditions)|（使）適應(yīng)

The former soldiers had difficulty in adjusting to ordinary life.|退役軍人難以適應(yīng)普通人的生活。

The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature.|人體能很快自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)氣溫變化。

<14>subway n.1.[C](AmE)a railway under the ground in a city |地鐵 He travels to work by subway every day.|他每天乘地鐵上班。I don't ride the subway late at night.|夜間太晚時我不乘地鐵。

2.[C](BrE)a path for walking under a road or railway|地下通道，人行隧道

The subway to the other side of the road was under repair.|過街地下通道正在維修。

|People are advised to walk through a subway to cross a street.|人們過馬路時應(yīng)走地下通道。

<15>despite prep.in spite of |盡管，不管

They had a wonderful holiday despite the bad weather.|盡管天氣不好, 他們的假日仍然過得很愉快。

Despite the fact that she wants to see him, she turned down his invitation.|盡管想看到他，她還是拒絕了他的邀請。

<16>nasty a.1.unpleasant;horrible;disgusting |令人不快的，令人厭惡的 She could never forget that nasty sight.|她永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了那令人作嘔的情景。I'm so glad you didn't get that nasty flu.|你沒染上那討厭的感冒，我很高興。

2.unkind|不友善的，惡意的

第四篇：大學(xué)英語1

大學(xué)英語1

1-5.ABCAD6-10.ADBCA

11-15.DADBC21-25.ACCAD26-30.CBCDB 31-35.DABBC36-40.DBACC

51-55.ADABC61-65.CBBBB66-70.DBCDD

71.他是一個合格的機(jī)械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

72.在會議上，雙方就兩國關(guān)系方面交換了各自的觀點。

73.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

74.她收拾好她的東西然后俏銷地離開了家。

75.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象，人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品 與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)聯(lián)系在一起。

大學(xué)英語1

1-5.ABCAD6-10.ADBCA

11-15.DADBC21-25.ACCAD26-30.CBCDB 31-35.DABBC36-40.DBACC

51-55.ADABC61-65.CBBBB66-70.DBCDD

71.他是一個合格的機(jī)械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

72.在會議上，雙方就兩國關(guān)系方面交換了各自的觀點。

73.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

74.她收拾好她的東西然后俏銷地離開了家。

75.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象，人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品 與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)聯(lián)系在一起。

大學(xué)英語1

1-5.ABCAD6-10.ADBCA

11-15.DADBC21-25.ACCAD26-30.CBCDB 31-35.DABBC36-40.DBACC

51-55.ADABC61-65.CBBBB66-70.DBCDD

71.他是一個合格的機(jī)械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

72.在會議上，雙方就兩國關(guān)系方面交換了各自的觀點。

73.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

74.她收拾好她的東西然后俏銷地離開了家。

75.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象，人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品 與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)聯(lián)系在一起。

大學(xué)英語1

1-5.ABCAD6-10.ADBCA

11-15.DADBC21-25.ACCAD26-30.CBCDB 31-35.DABBC36-40.DBACC

51-55.ADABC61-65.CBBBB66-70.DBCDD

71.他是一個合格的機(jī)械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

72.在會議上，雙方就兩國關(guān)系方面交換了各自的觀點。

73.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

74.她收拾好她的東西然后俏銷地離開了家。

75.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象，人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品 與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)聯(lián)系在一起。

大學(xué)英語1

1-5.ABCAD6-10.ADBCA

11-15.DADBC21-25.ACCAD26-30.CBCDB 31-35.DABBC36-40.DBACC

51-55.ADABC61-65.CBBBB66-70.DBCDD

71.他是一個合格的機(jī)械師，但他后來卻搞起了國際貿(mào)易。

72.在會議上，雙方就兩國關(guān)系方面交換了各自的觀點。

73.在會議期間，請各位關(guān)閉手機(jī)或?qū)⑵湔{(diào)整至靜音狀態(tài)。

74.她收拾好她的東西然后俏銷地離開了家。

75.這個公司有著很好的公眾形象，人們總是將它的產(chǎn)品 與高質(zhì)量和優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)聯(lián)系在一起。

第五篇：小學(xué)英語電子教案

小學(xué)英語電子教案

（三年級

上冊）

學(xué)校：德惠市實驗小學(xué)

教師： 王秋實

課題：Unit6

Happy Birthday 重點：能聽說，認(rèn)讀數(shù)字1—10。并能按指令語做相應(yīng)的動作。最后達(dá)到熟練運(yùn)用。

難點：數(shù)字的準(zhǔn)確發(fā)音，尤其是3、5、9 三個數(shù)字的發(fā)音要到位。

教具準(zhǔn)備： 教師和學(xué)生都準(zhǔn)備撲克牌中的數(shù)字1—10。

教師準(zhǔn)備教學(xué)錄音帶，單詞卡片。

教師準(zhǔn)備Let’s learn部分的教學(xué)課件。

教學(xué)過程：

一，熱身、復(fù)習(xí)(Warm-up/Revision)

師生共同演唱歌曲《Ten Little Indian Boys》，讓學(xué)生分別扮演角色，邊唱邊表演。

二，呈現(xiàn)新課(Presentation)1（激情引趣，導(dǎo)入新課）

教師為學(xué)生制定自學(xué)任務(wù)。讓學(xué)生以小組為單位，在組長的帶領(lǐng)下自 由制定學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)字的內(nèi)容?？蓪W(xué)習(xí)任意一個或幾個數(shù)字，但要求每位組員都會說。教師可讓學(xué)過英語的

學(xué)生做組長工作，每組并設(shè)一名聲音監(jiān)控員。教師展開綜合性的數(shù)字練習(xí)，反饋學(xué)生自學(xué)效果，注意糾正學(xué)生的發(fā)音。尤其是3、5、9 三個數(shù)字的發(fā)音。

步驟：（1）教師用手指數(shù)數(shù)字1—10，全體學(xué)生說數(shù)字。

（2）教師用撲克牌表示不同的數(shù)字，找個別學(xué)生說數(shù)字。（3）教師出示單詞卡片，學(xué)生認(rèn)讀數(shù)字單詞。

（4）教師播放Let’s learn部分的課件，學(xué)生跟讀學(xué)習(xí)。

（5）讓學(xué)生聽錄音，跟讀Let’s learn 的詞匯，要求學(xué)生用手指指出相應(yīng)的內(nèi)容。力求做到“眼到，手到，口到，心到。

趣味操練(Practice)（1）游戲： 報數(shù)

結(jié)合學(xué)生平時上體育課的要求，請兩組學(xué)生上臺，要求他們大聲報數(shù)1—10，比一比看哪一組報數(shù)響亮，準(zhǔn)確。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的快速反應(yīng)能力。

（2）小組比賽：

教師不出聲音說單詞，讓學(xué)生根據(jù)教師的口型舉牌。各組有幾個人猜對加幾分。（此活動既培養(yǎng)了團(tuán)結(jié)互助精神，又有利于復(fù)習(xí)詞匯。）

（3）游戲： Follow me 讓一個學(xué)生任意說一個數(shù)字如：3，并做一個動作如：跺腳，其他同學(xué)就要做跺腳的動作3次。(通過說說做做，培養(yǎng)了語感，增強(qiáng)了興趣。)

（4）讓學(xué)生聽錄音，邊說邊做Let’s do 部分的指令活動。

課堂評價(Assessment)

做活動手冊本單元第2部分的練習(xí)。

擴(kuò)展性活動(Add-activities)游戲： 用英語報算式

如：two and five , 讓學(xué)生快速說出和，并在單詞卡中找到相應(yīng)的單詞，正確者可為本組贏得一 分或得到一張貼紙作為獎勵。

板書設(shè)計：

Unit Six Happy Birthday

（板書貼有數(shù)字1—10 的卡片）