第一篇:高中英語閱讀教學案例與分析
高中英語閱讀教學案例與分析
三臺縣蘆溪中學
一、背景(1)案例背景: 現(xiàn)行外研版高中英語教材具有很多的優(yōu)點,但由于學生認知水平的發(fā)展具有規(guī)律性,教師只有充分認識和掌握這種規(guī)律,并結(jié)合 教學實際,合理設(shè)計教學程序,充分發(fā)揮學生的主體作用,教學相長,才能達到教學效果的最優(yōu)化。本文以外研版高中英語必修六 Module 1“How Good Are Your Soc
ial Skills”的閱讀部分為例來探究小組活動在閱讀課中的應(yīng)用和如何通過小組活動把閱讀課設(shè)計一堂有 效有趣的課堂。根據(jù)課程標準,學生是課堂的中心,所以本節(jié)閱讀課將通過多種多樣的課堂活動來培養(yǎng)學生的英語綜合能力,讓學生 主動說、主動做,老師只做一個引導(dǎo)者。在這個過程中,主要采用交際教學法 communicative methods 和任務(wù)型教學法 task based teaching methods,培養(yǎng)學生自主、合作及探究的學習方法。進行本節(jié)閱讀課例設(shè)計與反思的重要意義主要表現(xiàn)在三方面:激勵學生的閱讀興趣和動機,提高高中英語閱讀教學的效率及效果,并 且為學生綜合語言應(yīng)用能力奠定基礎(chǔ)。教學背景 這是一節(jié)英語閱讀課,教學的內(nèi)容是 how to use social skills to communicate and the practice of reading skills like skimming and scanning.本著教學問題目標化,目標情境化,情境活動化的,活動思維化,學習結(jié)果評價化的設(shè)計理念,我把教學的 重點和難點:詞匯量大,長難句復(fù)雜,結(jié)合英語任務(wù)型教學的特點,設(shè)計了 mind map 和 discussion groups 的活動,把模擬現(xiàn)實社 會交際 communicative skills 和 body language 為課堂學習的大情景,通過 acting the gestures、pair work、group work and mind map 活動讓學生在模擬場景中學習,體現(xiàn)語言在“用”中學的特點,體現(xiàn)了學生是“學習主人”的高中英語多元學習課堂。
二、教材分析 申繼萍
Teaching goals ① To let the students know more about social skills ②To train the students’ ability of reading comprehension ③ To master some useful words and phrasesrelated to small talk Learning goals ①Tolearn the main idea of this passage ②To learn more details about social skills ③ To learn to use some useful words and phrasesrelated to small talk Teachingimportant points: ①To train the students’ ability of reading comprehension ②To let the students master some useful wordsandphrases.Teaching difficult points: ① How to train the students’ ability of reading comprehension by individual work , pair work or group work ②How to make a comment on a small group to make the students active in the class
三、教學過程
Teaching steps:
1.Lead in
2.Words review
3.Fast reading 6.Homework
4.Careful reading 5.Summary We/ human beings/live in society.We will meet /some social events.We need/ some social skills.設(shè)計思路:
Step I.Lead-in(Train the students to read the sentences with passion.)
以三個簡潔和話題有關(guān)句子進入,可以活躍課堂氣氛,調(diào)動學生課堂學習積極性,并且很自然地進入話題閱讀。另外,在大聲朗 讀過程中,也鍛煉了學生的口語水平,勇于大聲說出英語的能力。
Step II.Words review 1.Learn some words and phrases by themselves 2.Challenge their memory.(Students read some words and phrases together).設(shè)計目的:
toreduce the words obstacles in reading for students and build students’ confidence in reading.教學反思: 針對上述教學設(shè)計和課堂教學活動,教師有以下三點體會:(1)本活動在設(shè)計上比較符合學生的認知水平,能激發(fā)學生完成任務(wù)的興趣和參與活動的熱情。(2)能使閱讀前的“l(fā)ead-in activities”真正發(fā)揮“熱身”的作用。這就為順利開展之后的多個活動打下了基礎(chǔ)。(3)上課伊始就順利切入主題,中間過渡自然,言語富有鼓勵性和啟發(fā)性,能使學生產(chǎn)生強烈的共鳴。(4)在閱讀課前處理部分單詞,利用軟件教學,激起學生的學習興趣,讓詞匯和閱讀自然的銜接,做到對閱讀文本起重要作用的詞匯,在課前先教,然學生心中有數(shù)。
Step III.Fast reading Read the title(標題),the subtitles(小標題)and the first three paragraphs of the passage.Finish the following three tasks.Task 1.Answer the following questions Q:How many tips are given in this passage? What are they? __________________________________________________________________________ Task 2.What ’s the main idea of this passage?()A.Learn how to do small talk B.Develop your listening skills C.Learn the rules D.Some tips for social skills Task 3.Decide what kind of book it is from.()A.an English teaching book.B.abusiness course C.a book which tells you what to do at social events D.a book to help you prepare for a speaking examination 設(shè)計思路:(1)聽和讀都是學生獲取信息的有效途徑。通過讓學生邊聽邊讀(默讀)可以培養(yǎng)其快速閱讀的能力。(2)通過有目的地進行任務(wù)型閱讀,讓學生初步了解課文大意(3)通過快速閱讀讓學生掌握閱讀中尋找 main idea 的方法。
Seventy-five percent of the students can use fast reading skills to finish the tasks and they grasp the main idea of the passage.Many students even can tell what is the passage about to partners and help their partners to solve reading problems.Step IV.Careful reading: Read the rest parts of this passage and finish the following three tasks.Task 1: Read “Learn how to do small talk” and Choose the topics we can/shouldn’t talk about from the box.age, music, salary(工資), sport, films, a film star , sports stars, travel , weather, food, ? We can talk about?? We shouldn’t talk about??
Task 2: Read “Develop your listening skills” and finish the following “true or false” questions 1.We can often change the topics according to our own interest.()2.We should keep good eye contact.()3.We can yawn and sigh while listening.()4.We should smile and nod while listening.()Task 3 : Read “Learn the rules” and answer the following questions.Q1:When in another country, you have to __________ A.arrive on time at a party in any country.B.stay as long as you can.C.take flowers of any color.D.learn and follow their rules.Q2:What conclusion can we draw from this part? A.Rome was not built in one day.B.When in Rome, do as the Romans do.C.All roads lead to Rome.D.Seeing is believing.設(shè)計思路:
1、進一步有目的地讀,可以讓學生更好地了解課文細節(jié)。同時,通過學生自主完成,小組討論,學生能夠個人展示,搶答加分的方式,進一步激發(fā)學生的主動參與性。
2、讓學生進一步閱讀課文,了解文章的內(nèi)容,通過 pair work 和 group work 培養(yǎng)學生交流與合作能力。
3、通過文章改寫與復(fù)述培 養(yǎng)學生運用語言的能力。教學反思:針對上述教學設(shè)計和課堂教學活動,教師有以下三點體會:(1)pair work 和 group work 是學生比較喜歡的學習方式。以小組討論形式貫穿整個教學活動是該部分教學設(shè)計的亮點。在討論過 程中,學生反應(yīng)積極,討論熱烈,思維活躍,競爭激烈,教學效果比較令人滿意。在教學過程中,充分并合理安排學生的合作活動,讓他們在合作探究中共同提高,收到了較好的效果。(2)只有通過閱讀才能讓學生理解課文內(nèi)容,并形成一定的閱讀技能。本環(huán)節(jié)通過“提煉大意,細節(jié)捕捉,合作探究和延伸訓(xùn)練” 四個步驟,培養(yǎng)學生概括主題、捕捉細節(jié)和再現(xiàn)閱讀內(nèi)容的技能。教師同時能注意設(shè)計合適的銜接語言,使各個教學環(huán)節(jié)自然過渡,讓學生在不知不覺中進入學習狀態(tài)并開展活動。(3)教師在教學過程中積極調(diào)動學生,讓學生自己來組織并完成任務(wù),真正體現(xiàn)了學生的主體地位。
Step V.Summary.Summarize this passage by finishing the following mind map(思維導(dǎo)圖).Mind Map Talk skills Be ________________!_______-risk conversation keep ________ eye contact ask for more information yawn look away from? __________ other people’s sentences
use____________ noises and gestures
We should Listening skills We shouldn’t use_____________ body language look ____ your watch sigh ________ your subject
Step VII.Step VI: Homework Fill in the blanks according to the passage.If you want________(have)good small talk, you need some social skills.It includestalk skills, listening skills and some social rules.Small talk is very important and _________(prepare)you for more serious conversations, ______you should be prepared and have low-risk conversations ready.When you talk to strangers, you should remember ____________(communicate)is a two-way process,it involves speaking and________(listen),so youmust be a good listener as well as a ________(talk).At the same time, you should remember that social rules can be ___________(difference)in different countries.For example, in some countries, you have to arrive on time at a party, ___________, in other countries, you don ’t need to.In addition, in some places, you can take things such as flowers or _____small gift.But in some countries, you mustn’t take flowers of a certain color, because they are________(lucky).So whatever it is, you should find out first.設(shè)計思路:
1、學以致用,自己交流的話題會讓他們產(chǎn)生更大的興趣。同時,通過這項活動可以充分訓(xùn)練學生的綜合技能。
Social skills
Social rules
The rules can be ___________ in different countries.2、讓學生進一步思考 the structure of the passage and the mind map of the passage,了解文章的行文思路,進一步揣摩作者 寫此文的意圖,通過小組活動培養(yǎng)學生交流與合作能力。
3、通過文章改寫的語法填空培養(yǎng)學生運用語言的能力且與高考試題接軌,來源于教材又高于教材。【案例點評】 在教學實踐中,閱讀教學應(yīng)處理好以下四個關(guān)系: 1:教師的“教”和學生的“學”的關(guān)系。教師應(yīng)更多地關(guān)注如何教會學生閱讀,而不是僅向?qū)W生灌輸大量的語言知識。教學過程是 學生在教師的幫助和指導(dǎo)下掌握知識和形成技能的過程。教師應(yīng)讓學生在活動中發(fā)揮其主體地位,讓學生自己去發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題 和解決問題。2、在教學設(shè)計過程中,要盡最大可能考慮學生情感在教學中的重要性,要設(shè)法讓學生在快樂中學習。但教師不能片面地追求所謂的 “快樂”,一味強調(diào)熱鬧課堂,氣氛是活躍了,但忽視了學生對知識的掌握和能力的培養(yǎng)。3、閱讀過程與結(jié)果的關(guān)系。任務(wù)型教學要求教師在教學中不僅要關(guān)注學習的結(jié)果,還要關(guān)注學習的過程。學生完成任務(wù)的過程就是 學生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題和解決問題的過程。同時也是逐步提升閱讀技巧,提高閱讀能力的過程。4、實踐和反思的關(guān)系。反思是實踐的一面鏡子,每次的教學反思都能折射出實踐中的成功和不足之處。在教學中應(yīng)該不斷借鑒成功,改進不足,把培養(yǎng)學生學會閱讀、學會自主學習作為追求的目標。
第二篇:英語教學反思與案例分析
英語教學反思與案例分析
余慶縣沙堆小學萬從云
實行新課改已經(jīng)有幾年的時間了,我認真鉆研課改,在組內(nèi)經(jīng)常進行集體備課,我們的備課不僅包括備教材,更主要的是備學生,我每節(jié)課后經(jīng)常進行反思,對一些教學案例經(jīng)常進行思考,這樣下來,的確收到了一定的效果,我認為一個教師不斷進行教學反思并且對教學案例加以分析,這對于一個教師教學水平的提高會有很大的幫助。好的教法是開展好教學活動的基本保證,在教學活動中善于總結(jié),善于應(yīng)用,才能不斷的推進教學活動的開展。教師要明確教學任務(wù),熟悉教學內(nèi)容,能夠做到承上啟下,準確授課。不僅備教材,還要備學生,為準確制定目標奠定基礎(chǔ)。該“會運用”,就要能當堂運用,不能人為地降低或提高要求。讓學生在上課時就明確學習目標,使其學習有方向,激發(fā)其學習動機,調(diào)動其學習積極性,從而促進學生在以后各個環(huán)節(jié)里主動地圍繞目標探索、追求。案例片段一 :思考的問題:在單詞教學中如何變單一為多樣,變死板為生動?我在教授單詞的過程中十分注重單詞的使用語境, 如在教授cook和cooker這兩個單詞的時候,我分別出示了幾張圖片(一些櫥具和兩位櫥師),讓學生通過對圖片的直觀感知,從第一印象開始就對他們有一個清晰而明確的認識, 從而避免了對這兩個詞匯的混淆.然后再通過“He is a good cook, he has a lot of cookers.”這樣的例句加深學生對他們的理解和運用.再例如:在學dessert這個單詞時,同時給學生出示desert這個單詞,這樣在今后的學習中不僅不會混淆,而且還拓展了學生的單詞量。
教學反思:現(xiàn)在的新教材詞匯量大,單詞長,生僻詞較多,自然也就增加了教學的難度,但我們又必須讓學生掌握,否則難以適應(yīng)新教材的要求。那么我們該采取什么方式來教學單詞呢?美國學者埃克斯雷指出:"能夠引起學生學習興趣的方法就是最好的方法."實踐證明,拼圖法,數(shù)字游戲,單詞接龍游戲,小歌訣,順口溜等傳統(tǒng)教學方法并不過時,教師再輔以現(xiàn)代化的教學手段,借助圖片,幻燈片,動漫等手段,真正達到重情景,重趣味,重運用,使單詞具有語言的意義,使其在特定的語境中被引出,這樣既便于學生理解,印象也深刻,從而達到學以致用的效果。在英語教學中適時地加入這些美味的"作料",無疑是一種優(yōu)化組合的創(chuàng)新,它不但能極大的激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,更能提高學生的學習積極性.再有在英語的學習中,我們一定要注重檢查,例如單詞的檢查,我每天在課前把學生的名字都放在一個小的瓶子里,第二天上課時用抽簽的形式進行單詞的檢查,這樣收到了很好的效果,班里不背單詞的現(xiàn)象幾乎不見了。在教學中,我們一定要提醒自己,我們共同學習的對象必定還有一些被動,我們?nèi)绻茉谡n上吸引孩子們的興趣,再加上適當?shù)臋z查,相信一定會收到好的教學效果的。
案例片段二: 思考的問題:如何把英語對話教學引入到生活中,達到學以致用?現(xiàn)在學生的英語學習現(xiàn)狀是往往學習了幾年,甚至是十幾年的英語,還不能開口說英語,而只能紙上談兵.我在教學中十分注重學生對對話的理解和運用,但在實際的操作中效果
并不理想.如我在教授“A:Are you free this Sunday ?B: No, I'm afraid I have no time.A: How about tomorrow?B: OK, I have time then.What's up?A: Let's go to the zoo.B: Sounds great.A: What animals do you like best?B: I like lions.They are strong.A: How about you ?B: I like pandas , they are cute.” 這個對話,在第二天提問時,學生的背誦情況很好,但當我要求他們重新組織一個對話時,效果不盡人意.要么兩人一組的搭配不合適,按照固定的座位進行操練,有的搭配過于懸殊,開展不了對話;要么只會運用近期的知識點,稍微久遠的就遺忘.
教學反思:針對以上所出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象,我認為創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,營造英語氛圍,充分發(fā)揮學生學習的主動性是至關(guān)重要的.從單詞教學到對話獨立運用,整個過程處處注意創(chuàng)設(shè)情景,營造輕松愉快的課堂氛圍;充分發(fā)揮道具和肢體動作,進入角色對話.在操練過程中,充分注意到對不同層次的學生提出不同的要求,因材施教。改變按照固定座位進行操練的傳統(tǒng)做法,讓學生自由搭配,這樣就滿足了不同層次學生的需要.對于基礎(chǔ)較差的學生,讓好學生做示范,反復(fù)操練,這樣就避免了會出現(xiàn)好學生越好,差學生越差的現(xiàn)象."每節(jié)課堂五分鐘,英語口語帶回家",短短的五分鐘,不但讓學生張開了嘴,還讓他們爭先恐后的去嘗試,去演練,去表演,極大地幫助他們樹立了學好英語的信心,創(chuàng)設(shè)機會讓他們?nèi)ンw驗成功的快樂."沒有什么東西比成功更能增加滿足的感覺,也沒有什么東西比成功更能鼓起進一
步追求成功的努力."在創(chuàng)設(shè)情境時,我是這樣做的,在學習Why donˊ you get her a scarf ?一課時,為了達到練習目的,我創(chuàng)設(shè)了如下情境:1,父親節(jié)快到了,為了感謝爸爸對你的愛,你要給爸爸買些什么禮物?2,你最好的朋友快過生日了,他邀請了除了你以外的很多人,你很苦惱,不知道該帶什么禮物去才合適。有了這兩個情境后,學生練習對話的積極性被激發(fā)了,達到了練習口語的目的。英語課程是一門思想性很強的學科,英語能直接反映人們的思想感情和傳播科學文化知識,并體現(xiàn)出中西方文化的差異.因此,英語教學要充分發(fā)揮起思想情感的教育作用,挖掘教材內(nèi)在的思想教育因素,使學生在思想上、價值觀上受到很好的教育和熏陶.充分調(diào)動和發(fā)揮學生的主體作用,讓學生樂于開口,勇于實踐,讓每個層次的學生都有所收獲,以達到實施素質(zhì)教育的目的.今后的路還很長,我還要進行不斷地教學反思,不斷地進行案例分析,這有這樣才能不斷提高自己的教學水平。
第三篇:英語教學設(shè)計與案例分析
1.本課程主要包括課程的導(dǎo)入、語言知識(語音、詞匯、語法)、語言技能(聽、說、讀、寫)、課堂管理和教學反思等方面的內(nèi)容,共分為十個教學專題。每個專題都將引導(dǎo)學生對英語課堂教學的各層面與環(huán)節(jié)進行系統(tǒng)的探討與學習,通過理論學習與案例分析相結(jié)合的方法,使學生學會根據(jù)具體的教學目標、教學內(nèi)容與教學對象,在相關(guān)理論的指導(dǎo)下進行科學合理的單元整體設(shè)計和分課設(shè)計,有效組織課堂教學,靈活應(yīng)對和處理課堂教學中的問題。
2.【教學目標】
1.了解導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)對一節(jié)課的成功與失敗起著重要的作用,掌握各種教學導(dǎo)入的方式和方法。
2.了解語音教學貫穿整個中學的英語學習階段,包括發(fā)語音、語調(diào)、重音等多個方面的內(nèi)容。掌握語音教學的技能和方法。
3.了解詞匯教學的具體內(nèi)容和呈現(xiàn)方式,學會使用最恰當方法進行詞匯的講解和教學活動的設(shè)計。
4.了解語法教學的基本教學模式,學會使用歸納法進行語法教學的講解和教學活動的設(shè)計。
5.了解并掌握聽力教學的三個教學階段和聽力理解的學習策略,并能針對三個不同階段的教學任務(wù)設(shè)計恰當?shù)慕虒W活動。
6.了解口語教學的策略與方法,能夠掌握口語教學活動設(shè)計的方法。
7.了解閱讀教學的模式與訓(xùn)練學生閱讀策略的方法,能夠根據(jù)不同的文章體裁進行不同閱讀教學活動的設(shè)計。
8.了解寫作教學不同教學模式,掌握過程寫作具體教學活動的設(shè)計方法。9.了解課堂教學管理的基本原理,學會使用恰當?shù)姆绞竭M行課堂管理。10.了解并掌握教學反思的各種方式與方法,學會對自已的教學進行系統(tǒng)的反思
Teaching pronunciation: 2.6 Teaching Steps of a Single Sound Generally speaking, there are seven steps in teaching pronunciation, which can be arranged in the following order.(1)Say the sound alone.(2)Get the students to repeat the sound in chorus.(3)Get individual students to repeat the sound.(4)Explain how to make the sound.(5)Say the sound in a word.(6)Contrast it with other sounds.(7)Say the sound in meaningful context.2.7 Types of Pronunciation Practice Activities
2.7.1 Consonants and Vowels In the teaching of consonants and vowels, it is important to introduce characteristic aspects of their articulation(e.g.voiced vs.voiceless, stops vs.fricatives, aspiration, etc.).The realization of these articulatory features can be practiced through a variety of communicative activities such as those presented below.1.Information-gap activities
One of the easiest techniques for practising consonants and consonant contrasts in a communicative way is to use “information-gap” activities.For example, if students are confusing /b/ and /v/, the following activity can be used.Choose a topic such as food and have students brainstorm and think of as many food words as possible which contain the /b/ and /v/ sounds.It is best for the students to work in groups so that they have more opportunity to generate these words in a communicative fashion.If students are beginners, clues or pictures can be provided to help them with the generation of words.Students might come up with 'berry', 'veal', 'liver', 'brown bread', 'vegetables', 'vitamins', 'vanilla', 'beans', 'bacon', etc.Students may also be asked to generate examples of names containing these two sounds.In this case, students might come up with Bill, Bob, Vickie, Barbara, Steve, and Virginia.It may be necessary to provide students, especially beginners, with some of these names.3 When enough words have been generated, the teacher can number the names and foods on slips of paper and hand out even-numbered foods and odd-numbered names to one group and odd-numbered foods and even-numbered names to the other group.Blank grids can be handed out and students can work in pairs or in groups questioning each other about 'Who bought what' at the store.Once the grids are filled out, the result of the activity can be presented to the class.In so doing, the students gain further communicative practice with these sounds.Role plays which incorporate some of the food words and names identified above can be used as a follow-up to this activity.2.Matching exercises
Another way of practicing a sound contrast such as /b/ and /v/ involves the use of matching exercises.Divide the class into two groups.Group A has a written description of several people.Group B has a picture containing all of the people for which there are descriptions.The object of this activity is to match the written descriptions with the appropriate people.Some sample descriptions might be: Becky has big boots.Vicky has a velvet vest.Barbara is carrying a big bag.Virginia is wearing gloves.Bill has a shiny belt-buckle.In attempting to match the descriptor with the appropriate person, the students gain practice producing the relevant sounds.A variation on this activity has these descriptors generated by the students themselves.Creating such descriptors, especially in groups, provides additional communicative practice of these consonant and vowel sounds.3.Chain stories
Each student receives a phrase containing the sound contrasts being practiced.The first student must embed that phrase in a short story(or string of related sentences)of no longer than four sentences.The task of the other students is to guess the embedded phrase based on the correct pronunciation of the relevant sound or sound contrasts.The next student continues the story using the phrase that he or she received.Sample phrases might include: big beautiful baby oven gloves very bad brakes broken bracelet lovely building seventy vehicles 4 Teaching grammar 3.2 The Aspects of English Grammar
(1)inflection
e.g.plural of nouns, tenses of verbs…(2)structure or function words e.g.articles: the, a/an prepositions: of , to, by, for, …(3)word order
e.g.a lexical item: chocolate mild, milk chocolate functional item: He is … Is he… Where is he? I know where he is…
(4)derivation or word formation e.g.They put on a drama.The dramatic changes have taken place recently.They wanted to dramatize their novel.(5)concord or agreement e.g.The teacher reads a lot.The teachers read a lot.this man;these men;(6)government e.g.I gave him a book.He gave me a book.(7)stress and intonation
3.4.1簡練+容易+效能(材料讓學生感興趣)3.4.2方法適合所教學生 針對特點(1)Age(2)Language level(3)The size of class
(4)The makeup of the class, for example, monolingual or multilingual(5)The specific needs, for example, needs to pass a public examination(6)Interests(7)Usable materials and resources(8)Prior experiences and current expectations(9)The cultural factors which may affect their learning attitude, for example, their attitude toward the function and status of teachers(10)The educational background, such as the public school or the private school, and at home or abroad
演繹法(傳統(tǒng));歸納法
Deductive method應(yīng)該(1)Authenticity.(2)Clear range of application.(3)Clear grammatical rules.(4)Brevity(5)Familiarity.(6)Relevant.演繹法優(yōu)缺點The demerits of the deductive method
(1)It teaches grammar in an isolated way.(2)Little attention is paid to meaning.(3)Practice is often mechanical.The merits of the deductive method
(1)It could be very successful with selected and motivated students.(2)It could save time when students are confronted with a grammar rule which is complex but which has to be learned.(3)It may help increase students' confidence in those examinations which are written with accuracy as the main criterion of success.8
4.teaching vocabulary Teaching listening listening is a complex cognitive process which needs listeners not only have background knowledge of the related listening materials but also that listeners should be conscious to use some strategies to grasp the meaning of the listening material to achieve right comprehension of the text.5.2.1 逐字逐句
5.2.2 根據(jù)背景 先前知識
5.3 Micro-skills of Listening
According to the English Curriculum Standards(2003), the micro-skills of listening should including the followings:
(1)Suppress interference of accent and background noise(2)Detect key words
(3)Listen and carry out instructions(4)Identify gist and themes(5)Establish the sequence or logical relationship of events(6)Predict what people are going to talk about(7)Understand the speaker’s intention and attitude(8)Evaluate what has been heard(9)Infer the implied meaning 12
focus:1.repeating what they have heard 2.words…bottom up processing 3.require interaction of listener.;one-sided
4.not to process everything that has been said but rather to ‘scan’ the material selectively for certain information.5.to develop a top-down, global understanding of spoken language.6.the listener actively participates in discussions, debates, conversations, role-plays and other pair and group work.7.The listener has no difficulty whatever in understanding the whole message.The comprehension process is so natural and smooth that it is exactly like that of a native speaker.(1)text characteristics(variation in a listening passage/ text or associated visual support);(2)interlocutor characteristics(variation in the speaker’s personal characteristics);(3)task characteristics(variation in the purpose for listening and associated response);(4)listener characteristics(variation in the listener’s personal characteristics);
(5)process characteristics(variation in the listener’s cognitive activities and in the nature of the interaction between speaker and listener).5.7 Principles for Teaching Listening
1.Focus on process
2.Combine listening with other skills 3.Focus on comprehending meaning 4.Grade difficulty level appropriately 5.Combine intensive listening with extensive listening 5.8 Principles for Selecting and Using Listening Activities
(1)The listening activity must have a real, communicative purpose.(2)The activity must use authentic language without significantly slower or simpler speech than would normally be used in everyday life.(3)Pre-listening tasks(e.g.discussing the topic, brainstorming, presenting vocabulary, sharing of related articles)must be used to stimulate the appropriate background knowledge and help learners identify the purpose of the listening activity.(4)The listening text must offer content that is personally interesting and motivating to 15 learners.(5)To allow listeners to infer meaning from body language and related context clues, the speaker must be visible whenever possible(unless the explicit purpose is to help students understand radio programs or audiotapes)(6)The listening activity must offer many environmental clues to meaning, just as in real-life listening.(7)When possible, the whole listening text should be given, and then it should be divided into parts that can be repeated.This sequence gives listeners time to think and rethink their hypotheses about the meaning of what is said.(8)At the end, the whole text should be given again, and learners should have the opportunity to discuss their hypotheses and how they tested and altered them.(9)The listening activity must require listeners to respond in some meaningful fashion, either individually or in small groups or pairs by saying something, following a command or request, asking a question, taking notes, and so on.(10)The listening activity must be fashioned so that listeners with normal background knowledge are able to understand the topic without doing specialized research, unless the class is focused on language for special purposes.(11)The text of the listening activity must by typical for its own speech type;that is, an informal conversation must have short, redundant, rapid chunks of speech, while a lecture must be more formalized and orderly.(12)The classroom climate surrounding the listening activity must be non-threatening and positive, and simple affective strategies should be used to reduce anxiety if it is present before or during the listening activity.16 5.9 Activities in the Three Teaching Stages
5.9.1.Pre-listening(1)Looking at pictures before listening(2)Looking at a list of items/thoughts/etc before listening(3)Making lists of possibilities / ideas / suggestions / etc(4)Reading a text before listening(5)Reading through questions(to be answered while listening)(6)Labeling a picture(8)Predicting / speculating(9)Previewing the language which will be heard in the listening text(10)Informal teacher talk and class discussion 17
第四篇:英語教學案例分析
英語教學案例分析
如果教好初中英語課堂教學,我們只有認真地反思我們的教育教學現(xiàn)狀和我們的教學實踐,才能不斷地發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、分析問題、解決問題。因此,科學的、有效的教學反思可以減少遺憾。所以,好的教法是開展好教學活動的基本保證,在教學活動中善于總結(jié),善于應(yīng)用,才能不斷地推進教學活動的開展。教師要明確教學任務(wù),熟悉教學內(nèi)容,能夠做到承上啟下,準確授課。不僅備教材,還要備學生,為準確制定目標奠定基礎(chǔ)。該“會運用”,就要能當堂運用,不能人為地降低或提高要求。讓學生在上課時就明確學習目標,使其學習有方向,激發(fā)其學習動機,調(diào)動其學習積極性,從而促進學生在以后各個環(huán)節(jié)里主動地圍繞目標探索、追求。
案例片段(一)思考的問題:在單詞教學中如何變單一為多樣,變死板為生動?我在教授單詞的過程中十分注重單詞的使用語境,如在教授cook和cooker這兩個單詞的時候,我分別出示了幾張圖片(一些櫥具和兩位櫥師),讓學生通過對圖片的直觀感知,從第一印象開始就對他們有一個清晰而明確的認識,從而避免了對這兩個詞匯的混淆。然后再通過“He is a good cook,he has a lot of cookers.”這樣的例句加深學生對他們的理解和運用。教學反思:新目標(人教版)的教材詞匯量大,單詞長,生僻詞較多,自然也就增加了教學的難度,但我們又必須讓學生掌握,否則難以適應(yīng)教材的要求。那么我們該采取什么方式來教學單詞呢?美國學者埃克斯雷指出:“能夠引起學生學習興趣的方法就是最好的方法。”實踐證明,拼圖法,數(shù)字游戲,單詞接龍游戲,小歌訣,順口溜等傳統(tǒng)教學方法并不過時,教師再輔以現(xiàn)代化的教學手段,借助圖片,課件。動漫等手段,真正達到重情景,重趣味.重運用,使單詞具有語言的意義,使其在特定的語境中被引出,這樣既便于學生理解,印象也深刻,從而達到學以致用的效果。在英語教學中適時地加入這些美味的“作料”,無疑是一種優(yōu)化組合的創(chuàng)新,它不但能極大地激發(fā)學生的學習興趣,更能提高學生的學習積極性。案例片段(二)思考的問題:如何把英語對話教學引入到生活中,達到學以致用?中國學生的英語學習現(xiàn)狀是往往學習了幾年。甚至是十幾年的英語,還不能開口說英語,而只能紙上談兵。我在教學中十分注重學生對對話的理解和運用,但在實際的操作中效果并不理想。如我在教授:
Sandra:Hi,Gina!Gina:Hi,Sandra!How?s it going? Sandra:I。m in France.Ifm calling to see how you are. Gina:Oh。thanks!Sandra:How?it going? Gina:Pretty good!I'm just doing my homework.How are you? Sandra:Great!I'm with my pen pal.She?s from Paris. We ale having lunch.
Gina:Cool!How?s the weather there? Sandra:Great!Hot and sunny.How?s the weather in Shanghai? Gina:Also hot.And really humid.
這個對話,在第二天提問時。學生的背誦情況很好,但當我要求他們重新組織一個對話時,效果不盡人意。要么兩人一組的搭配不合適,按照固定的座位進行操練,有的搭配過于懸殊。開展不了對話;要么只會運用近期的知識點,稍微久遠的就遺忘。1.問題之源起
學生迸行一個單元的知識整理作業(yè)。之前的預(yù)習雖然也給了除了要求,但是考慮到學生是初學者,學習能力還不夠強,對整理作業(yè)的要求不高。整理時只要他們整理出新學的單詞、詞組、旬捌和語法知識即可,并沒有對整理到什么程度作出細致的要求。機緣巧合,同事由于接班。對其班級的整理作業(yè)進行了新的要求,非常詳細,具體到名詞要分出可數(shù)不可數(shù),形容詞要給出比較級、最高級,動詞要給出其第三人稱單數(shù)、進行時、過去式等.考慮到這個單元剛好學習形容詞的比較級和最高級形式,而且之前已經(jīng)對這個知識點有了初步的學習.我決定也從這個單元開始對他們的事理進行細致的系統(tǒng)的要求。因此,一次系統(tǒng)的整理作業(yè)出爐了。但就是這次作業(yè)卻讓我得到了意想不到的收獲,讓我對初中英語教學又有了新的認識。真正體驗到了“教學相長”的涵義。問題出現(xiàn)在第二天的作業(yè)批改中。在我進行批改之前。同事張老師已經(jīng)開始批改,她碰到了疑問,就問我:“honest的比較級是加-er呢還是用more呢?opposite呢?”我快速的思考了一下。然后在電腦上進行查詢,很快確定了honest的比較級是用more+opposite等部分形容詞沒有比較級。但是因為自己在做別的事情,就沒有進行進一步思考:哪些形容詞沒有比較級,為什么沒有。發(fā)現(xiàn)幾乎所有的學生在形容詞這個部分把本單元的形容詞整理進去以后,非常想當然的寫下了“opposite—more opposite—the most opposite”.我開始認真考慮這個問題,并希望能夠給出一個系統(tǒng)的確切的解答。
第五篇:英語教學案例分析
英語教學案例分析
摘要:
聽力教學案例反思,初中學生聽力目標的完成,需要老師的率先垂范、鼓勵,教師應(yīng)該積極營造環(huán)境,培養(yǎng)學生聽得習慣。在日常教學中訓(xùn)練學生的速記能力和推斷能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:
聽力 交流 培養(yǎng) 訓(xùn)練 速記 推斷
由于多年來一直教畢業(yè)班,身邊發(fā)生了很多的教學案例,感觸最深的是聽力教學。總是為了應(yīng)付考試而去完成聽力內(nèi)容,有一天聽到兩個學生嘮嗑:這英語不怕筆試,就怕聽力,老師能不能想點辦法呢?是啊,孩子學英語是為了終身的發(fā)展,我們的英語教學應(yīng)為壯大學生的生命力而教。《英語新課程標準》提到初中學生在英語學習中聽的目標為: “能抓住所聽語段中的關(guān)鍵詞,理解句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系;能從聽力材料、簡單演講或討論中提取信息和觀點;能聽懂正常語速的故事或記敘文,了解其中主要人物和事件以及他們的關(guān)系;能聽懂日常的要求和指令,并能根據(jù)要求和指令完成任務(wù)。”眾所周知,農(nóng)村的英語教學缺少語境、資源匱乏,那么在日常教學中該怎樣提高學生的聽力水平呢?
一、克服困難 老師敢于用英語交流
作為一名農(nóng)村英語教師,自己也有很多的困頓。首先,自己不是英語專業(yè)出身,總感覺不如別人,總是羞于開口,總怕自己的發(fā)音招來同事們的恥笑。其次,農(nóng)村英語教學資源匱乏,家長、社會重視程度不夠。基于種種原因,開口說英語對于我來說真是件難事,每到期末時,總是拎著錄音機給學生來一頓惡補,讓學生臨時過關(guān)。作為一名有責任心的老師這樣教英語是感到愧疚的,于是我首先克服困難,上課多用英語口語,課下,班級的日常雜事多用英語與同學們交流。如:Who is on duty today ? Who isn’t here? Where is he/she? Why ?Who didn’t hand in homework?等等,當然剛開始學生也制作簡單回答,慢慢地就能回答好了。只有老師率先垂范,學生才能勇往直前。其次,作為一名英語教師利用業(yè)余時間多向同行學習,多對網(wǎng)上的英語視頻課學習、揣摩。漸漸地自己的英語口語能力也有了很大的提高,也就不怕給學生一碗水了。
二、營造環(huán)境 培養(yǎng)學生聽的習慣
語言首先是有聲的,只有在有聲的語言環(huán)境中學習語言,才能更好地激起學習興趣。因此,英語課要為學生營造盡可能多的聽說環(huán)境。每堂英語課(復(fù)習課除外)除了完成課本的英語聽力材料外,我都要給學生播放一個小故事,聽兩遍,然后讓學生進行復(fù)述,剛開始只要求一知半解就可以,能聽懂就行。不要過分糾正學生的語言錯誤,使每個學生在耳濡目染中自然地形成聽覺記憶,促進聽說能力的提高。教師在教授課文、介紹新單詞時,應(yīng)讓學生合上書本聽老師介紹課文背景及故事情節(jié),利用學生的好奇心激發(fā)學生的興趣,然后聽課文錄音,并根據(jù)所聽內(nèi)容簡要回答問題,最后再打開書本閱讀課文,經(jīng)過聽和讀學生對所學知識就能熟記于心了。這樣,能讓學生養(yǎng)成仔細聽的習慣。
三、訓(xùn)練學生的速記能力和推斷能力
在聽力教學中,總是要求同學們先把材料讀兩遍,做到心中有數(shù)。對話理解題告訴同學們它是一個小故事,可以通過幾個選擇題來推斷這個故事,反復(fù)考察的就是本文的中心句子。因此對學生進行聽說能力訓(xùn)練就是培養(yǎng)聽力記憶。平時的課文聽力材料的某些句子,我在播放后要求同學們用筆寫下來,再進行口述。但“好記性不如爛筆頭”,尤其在聽短文或較長對話時更是如此。速記時要用自己最簡便、最迅速的方法。邊聽邊記下與主題有關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞、短語、時間、數(shù)據(jù)等。這樣學生可以為自己創(chuàng)造追憶的條件。雖然此舉很費時間,而且需要老師的大量備課,但效果是事半功倍的。
學生聽力的總體水平的提高,不是一朝一夕的訓(xùn)練就可以了,而是要堅持長久的訓(xùn)練。學生在聽的過程中,教師要多鼓勵、多方法,可以讓學生通過對讀音規(guī)則的領(lǐng)會,學會去猜測,判斷出有關(guān)的單詞和詞組。在教學中還要加強數(shù)字的推算訓(xùn)練,象日期、生日、數(shù)字的加減法等。聽完后根據(jù)平時的語法要求再檢查一下答案。
對那些顯而易見的答案要當機立斷,相信第一感覺。而對于沒把握的題目,等錄音播完后,要求學生認真校對答案。再看看所記錄的內(nèi)容,再回憶一下所聽到的錄音。然后從語法、邏輯等方面再印證一下答案是否正確,以免失分。
英語聽的能力的培養(yǎng)是一個漸進的過程,老師在教學中要多說口語,多借助多媒體教學,多進行對話演練。培養(yǎng)英語聽的能力,只有堅持不懈、持之以恒,不斷地反復(fù)練習和實踐,才能使英語聽的能力不斷提高。
作為一名英語教師要多學習,多思考,多探究。對身邊的教學案例及時交流、及時分析、及時歸納,對教學起指導(dǎo)作用,少走彎路,為教育事業(yè)多“桃李”而奮斗。
九三分局鶴山中學:趙路美
2009年12月
參考文獻:《初中英語新課程標準》
《中小學外語教學》國家教育部主管、北京師范大學主辦