第一篇：關于英譯漢的幾點感想

關于英譯漢的幾點感想

翻譯是一門藝術，也是一種再創作。嚴復在《天演論·譯例言》里首次提出了“信、達、雅”的翻譯標準，奠定了我國翻譯的理論基石。信，即忠實（faithfulness）。我非常同意這一點，因為這是一個譯者基本素質的體現，亦是對原創作者的一種尊重。但翻譯僅僅做到“信”是不夠的，“達”，即流暢（expressiveness）是翻譯的基本要求，而“雅”，即文字優美典雅（gracefulness）是譯者翻譯水平高低的集中體現。要做到“達”，就要看譯者遣詞造句的功力，要做到“雅”，則需要譯者對目標語的文化、社會有相當的了解。要做到達、雅，則不可避免的凝聚了譯者本人對相關問題的理解和看法，無疑是對原著的一種再創作。所以，好的譯者在做到達、雅的同時，盡可能的貼近作者原本的意思。

英譯漢是有相當難度的，因為這是兩種完全不同類型的文字。漢字是一種象形文字，英文則是一種音節文字。漢語重“意合”，句子結構松散，多短句，富有音韻美；英語重“形和”，因而句子結構嚴密，層次整齊，邏輯性強。但同時，英譯漢卻有著相當大的創作空間，因為漢語是如此的美麗，同樣的意思，用英文表達可能只有一種表示方法，但用中文卻可以有多種不同意境下的表達方式。如死，用英語，即die，中文則可用“駕鶴西去”、“仙逝’”、“翹辮子”等。作為一名翻譯的初入門者，我不求達到“雅”，但求做到“信”、“達”。下面我會從“遣詞”、“造句”兩個方面，以吳象嬰、梁赤民對《全球通史》中“中國文明”的翻譯為例，提出我的幾點想法。

一、遣詞

我所看的這幾段英文原著，主要介紹了中國的儒學、道學、和法學。吳象嬰和梁赤民翻譯的最大特點是appropriateness（合適），他們的翻譯在保持譯文通順的基礎上，極大地貼合中文的語言習慣。如let the ruler be a ruler and the subject a subject;let the father be a father and the son a son，這里被巧妙地被翻譯為“君君、臣臣、父父、子子”，而不是“統治者就是統治者，被統治者就是被統治者；爸爸就是爸爸，兒子就是兒子”。

第二大優點是細致，不漏掉任何一個英文單詞可能會表達的意思。如while taoism,absorbing all sorts of popular superstitions and demon lore,became the religion of the uneducated masses and was tolerantly despised by the Confucion literati.對于該句，我的翻譯是“然而道學，吸收各種社會流傳的迷信和鬼怪說法，成為無知大眾推崇的宗教，并被儒家學者所蔑視?！蔽曳噶笋R虎大意的毛病，漏譯了tolerantly這個詞，還有“無知大眾”這種譯法有侮辱大眾的嫌疑，而吳、梁的譯法卻沒有這些問題，“道教因為吸收了民間流傳的各種迷信和有關精靈、惡魔的傳說，成為未受過教育的群眾的宗教，雖然受到儒家文人學士的鄙視，但也得到了一定的寬容”。此種譯法簡單明了，讓人聽著也舒服。

吳、梁翻譯的另一大優點是diversification（多樣性），多樣性其中一個方面就是詞性的活用。如they viewed the nobility as an anachronism to be replaced by state military force，吳、梁翻譯為“他們認為貴族的存在已不合時宜，要用國家的軍事力量予以清除”，這里將 anachronism 譯為“不合時宜的”，而實際上這個詞是名詞，意思是“時代的錯誤”，此處體現的一個翻譯技巧就是詞性轉換。

兩位前輩還讓我欣賞的一點則是他們對單詞時態的把握。如Legalism was discredited and Confucianism,as noted,was enthroned permanently as the official creed.正譯為“法家學說信譽掃地，而儒家學說則如前所述，被長期推崇為官方的教義”。這里值得一提的是譯者對noted的翻譯，照顧到note的過去分詞形式。

二、造句

為了讓翻譯出來的中文可以有“意合”的效果，所以吳象嬰、梁赤民在翻譯中特別注重將長句子分譯，將幾個短句子合譯，使得翻譯出來的句子通順，富有中文特有的美感。

翻譯長句子時，首先要弄清原文的句法結構，找出整個句子的中心內容及各層次的意思，然后分析各層之間的邏輯關系，再按口語的特點和表達方式，正確地譯出原文的意思，不拘泥于原文的形式。如They were practicing stetesmen rather than philosophers and were interested in reorganising society in order to strengthen the princes they served and to enable them to wage war and unite the country by force,該句很長，光and就有三個，共包含著五層意思，譯者也是將一個長句分為五個短句來翻譯的，即“法家人物都是些注重實踐的政治家，而不是哲學家；他們關心的是改革社會，以加強他們所奉事的諸侯的力量，使諸侯們能進行戰爭，用武力統一國家”，意思清楚，卻又不顯得冗長。

翻譯幾個短句子時，可以分析短句之間的內部聯系，達到整合翻譯句子的目的。分譯法和合譯法其實是一致的，所以在這里就不再贅述。

誠然，吳、梁的翻譯已經很棒了，但我還是想對譯文提出我的幾點疑問。第一點就出自like Plato,he wanted the kings to be sages,and this they could be if they could be if they possesed the five virtues of a gentlemen—integrity,righteousness,loyalty,altruism,and love,or human-heartedness.該句中，譯者將gentlemen翻譯為“紳士”，這點本沒有錯，但我覺得此處最好翻譯為“君子”，因為在中國古代是沒有“紳士”這種說法的，世人一般以君子的行為規范來要求自己，紳士是歐美的說法。第二點疑問出自while the ideal ruler “keeps the people without knowledge and without desire?and fills their stomachs?By non-action nothing is ungoverned.對于該句，吳、梁的譯法是“而理想的統治者則是‘清心寡欲地治理人民??填飽肚子。?無為而治’”，而我覺得應該譯為“理想的統治者要通過愚民、禁欲、利誘的手段來達到無為而治的目的”。兩種翻譯最關鍵的區別是前者將without kowledge and without desire 來修飾the ideal ruler ,而后者則是用其來修飾the people。很顯然，without kowledge and without desire是緊跟在the people之后的，不應該是修飾the ideal ruler的。所以我認為兩位前輩在此處的翻譯是錯誤的。

總之，上海社科版的《全球通史》的翻譯還是十分嚴謹的，其中蘊含的翻譯技巧是值得我學習的，在翻譯的漫漫長路中我還是要繼續努力，以期學到更多，做到更好。

第二篇：公司簡介(英譯漢)

翻譯實踐（英譯漢）

Brief Introduction to Sony(China)Co.L td

Set up in October, 1996 in Beijing, Sony(China)Co.Ltd.is a wholly foreign owned subsidiary that manages and coordinates Sony’s activities in the Chinese market.The products Sony sells in China to name a few are: plasma/liquid crystal color television, the digital cameras, the notebook computers, the family theater system, DVD players, data projection cameras, Memory Sticks and so on.At present Sony has general asset of 5 billion US dollars in China’s electronic industry, the total investment has surpassed 800,000,000 US dollars, including six factories.Sony employs about 10,000 staff in China.The CEO of Sony Group once pledged to the board of directors that the developing Chinese market would be regarded as the most important one in the future, and hoped that China would become the growth engine in the East Asian service region and surpass the Japanese market to become inferior only to the US market.索尼中國分公司的簡要介紹

1996年10月索尼（中國）有限公司在北京成立，這是一家獨資子公司，主要是管理和協調索尼在中國市場的活動。索尼在中國銷售的產品名稱數有：等離子/液晶彩色電視，數碼相機，筆記本電腦，家庭影院系統，影碟機，數據投影相機，記憶棒等。到目前為止，索尼公司總資產有5000000000美元，在中國電子行業的總投資已超過800000000美元，包括六個工廠。同時索尼在中國擁有約10000個員工。索尼集團的首席執行官曾承諾董事局，中國市場的開發將被視為最重要的一部分，并希望中國將快速增長，服務于東亞地區和超越日本市場成為僅次于美國市場。

第三篇：英譯漢練習

英譯漢練習（1）08011班李瑩瑩080114124

中國國家技術進口公司招標通告

編號：TCB 827010

中國國家技術進口總公司(以下簡稱“中技”)根據中華人民共和國對外經濟關系與貿易部與日本海外經濟合作基金會簽訂的京秦鐵路、兗石鐵路、大瑤山隧道以及石臼所港口四項建設工程貸款協議，被授權采用國際競爭方式對上述項目建設所需的信號設備、通訊設備、電力以及高空電力牽引線設備、電線電纜、水泵、施工設備、玻璃等進行采購。所有款項通過貸款方式實現。

本公司誠邀信譽良好經驗豐富的制造商和（或）在合格貨源國組建注冊并由該國控股的貿易公司（涉及所有發展中國家，包括中國以及所有經濟合作與發展組織OECD成員國）參與上述競標活動。對此招標有興趣的制造商和（或）貿易公司請于1983年1月20日前以函告擬供貸項目并向我公司提交預審材料。全部材料請以英文書寫，一式三份。材料應涉及以下條例：

①參與競標制造商和（或）貿易公司名稱及所屬國名稱。

②參與競標公司的歷史簡介。

③參與競標公司的規章制度。

④競標公司的組織結構、主要負責人及所屬財團。

⑤競標公司的實收資本，最近三年的貿易總額及凈利潤總額。

⑥競標公司的絕信銀行名稱以及該銀行所出具的資信證明。

⑦對競標公司授權代理的相關信息以及制造商的授權書（若該競標公司為代理）。

⑧制造商的相關信息以及其最近三年類似產品的生產和銷售情況，參照清單、質量保證書。

⑨競標公司對以上所提供物品的供貸能力及交貨時間。

凡在前兩輪招標中審查合格的競標公司需提交補充材料。

若在此招標書刊登起一年內我們如需購買上述所列中任一項設備，我們將直接向本次資格預審合格者發信任詢價并不再重新刊登招標通告。

英譯漢練習（1）08011班李瑩瑩080114124

中國國家技術進口總公司第七業務部

地址：中國北京市西郊區二里溝

電報地址：TECHIMPORT BEIJING

電傳：22244 CNTIC CN

電話：890931-240，242

第四篇：英譯漢翻譯技巧

英譯漢翻譯技巧

王 瑛

英譯漢部分要求翻譯單句, 而不是段落或篇章?？忌紫纫x懂句子,了解句子的語法結構、使用的固定詞組、習慣用法及詞與詞之間的語義關系, 然后, 再正確分析原文的語言現象和邏輯關系,進行透徹的理解, 最后, 力圖用簡潔明了的漢語表達出原文的意思。因此, 考生有必要掌握一些基本的翻譯技巧。

一、翻譯技巧一

一般的英譯漢考題不會只是簡單句。我們在做題時, 首先要從語法入手, 找尋和確定句子大的框架結構, 通過分析把句中的從句和插入部分先排除掉, 明確句子結構有助于我們正確理解整句話的意思。

(一)重點分析句子結構

其實, 就英語的句子結構而言, 是有規律可循的。除去省略句、倒裝句、感嘆句和

一些特殊句子外, 英語句子的結構可歸納為三類: 1.to be句型: 主語 + be + 表語

Miss Jones is a manager.瓊斯小姐是位經理。

2.to do句型: 主語 + do +(賓語)+(狀語)He teaches English in this school.他在這所學校教英語。

3.there be句型: There be + 主語 + 狀語

There are beautiful wildflowers in the hills.山中有美麗的野花。

(二)確定語法現象和慣用結構

英譯漢考題中常見的重點語法有: 時態、語態、主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句、定語從句、狀語從句、動詞不定式、動名詞、分詞、虛擬語氣、倒裝句、強調句等?？忌浅Ｊ煜み@些語法現象, 才不至于對句子產生誤解。例如:

? Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.對這事感興趣的人可以跟我們去。(who引導定語從句修飾主語anyone)? The problem discussed at yesterday’s meeting is very important.昨天會上討論過的那個問題非常重要。(過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾主語the problem)? You could have done better if you had been more careful.要是細心一點的話，你就會做得更好。(if 引導虛擬語氣的條件狀語從句)? Hardly had I said that when she entered the room.我剛說完，她就進來了。(倒裝句, 否定詞hardly位于句首, 助動詞had 放在主語I之前)? It was not until last night that I noticed this matter.直到昨晚我才注意到這件事。(強調句: It was not until+強調成分+that句子其余成分)? The books were either works on travel or detective novels.這些書要么是關于旅行的, 要么就是偵探小說。(連接詞either? or?連接兩個表語)(三)熟悉固定搭配詞組和習慣用法

英譯漢考題中還常常會設計一個關鍵的考點 – 固定搭配的詞組和習慣表達法, 旨在考查考生對詞匯的掌握和運用情況?？忌诶斫膺@些習慣用語時會感到很困難, 這是因為單從組成某個習慣用語的詞的字面意思上來理解其含義, 往往會出偏差, 必將影響到對整個句子的理解。例如:

? They came up with a cure for the disease at last.他們最終發現了治療這種疾病的方法(短語動詞,意為“提出;發現”)

? The news got around by word of mouth.這一消息通過人們的口傳播開來。(介詞短語,意為“口頭流傳”)

? It’ll be cheaper in the long run to use real leather.從長遠的觀點來看, 用真皮更便宜。(介詞短語,意為“從長遠的觀點來看”)

? I’ll tell them the truth, regardless of what they want to hear.不管他們愿不愿意聽, 我要告訴他們真相。(形容詞短語,意為 “不管...”)

? Punishment had very little effect on him.懲罰對他沒有什么效果。(名詞短語,意為“對?起作用”)

(四)熟練掌握過渡連接詞

過渡連接詞是使上下文的連接自然、緊湊的有效方法，使文章整體具有結構上的粘著性和意義上的連貫性。因此,熟練掌握過渡連接詞能充分把握住原文的意圖和出題思路。過渡連接詞按語義劃分為以下最常見的幾種類型

表示增補: and , also , besides , what’s more , in addition , furthermore ?

表示因果: for this reason, because of, since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, hence ?

表示轉折: however, still, but, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, though, in fact ?

表示列舉: firstly, secondly, for one thing?for another, to begin with, then, last ?

表示解釋: for example, for instance, that is, namely ? 表示總結: in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole ?

例如:

? The railroad connects two cities, namely, New York and Chicago.這鐵路聯接兩個城市, 即紐約和芝加哥。(表示解釋)? She was very tired, nevertheless, she kept on working.她雖然很疲倦, 然而她卻繼續工作。(表示轉折)? He said that he could not find it and, furthermore, that nobody would ever find it.他說他找不到它, 而且也沒有人會找到它。(表示增補)? He was ill, and therefore could not come.(表示結果)他病了, 所以未能來。

二、翻譯技巧二

每一種語言，在詞意的運用，語句的鋪排、句子的結構方面，都有其獨特的方式，而每一詞每一字所承載的文化信息亦各不相同。因此, 英譯漢的表達方式總體上可以分成兩大類:

（一）直譯法：

一般來說, 在語言條件許可的情況下, 應該盡可能地用直譯, 使譯文既能保持原文的內容, 又能保持原文的形式和風格。例如:

o All roads lead to Roma.條條大路通羅馬。

o The soldier was as brave as a lion.那個士兵像獅子一樣勇敢。

o My brother is like a duck to water in the new job.我哥哥在新的工作崗位上如魚得水。

o It is he who has consistently offered fuel in snowy weather but never added flowers to embroidery.他這個人一向對人是雪中送炭，從來不是錦上添花。

（二）意譯法: 為使譯文得到和原文基本相同的文化信息，當翻譯中遇到兩種文化有差異，用直譯無法使譯文傳達準確的信息時，就要在母語中尋找與其對應的表達方式，利用各種必要的轉換手段進行意譯。例如: ? He is down and out as if/though he lived a dog’s life.他窮困, 潦倒，好像過著牛馬一樣的生活。（轉譯法-a dog’s life轉換詞義）

? He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.他在回答采訪者問題時, 很有禮貌。(省略法–behaved 一詞不譯出)? He is a stranger to the company’s business.他對于該公司的經營業務是陌生的。(轉換法–stranger 名詞轉換成形容詞)? All preparation must be done before you do experiments.在做試驗之前, 一切準備工作都必須做好。(增加法-preparation增加“工作”)

? Each country has its own customs.各國有各國的風俗.(重復法-Each country重復使用“各國”)

第五篇：學位英語(英譯漢)

英 譯 漢

★In 1870,horses and mules were the prime source of power on U.S.farms.在1870年，馬和騾子是美國農場的主要勞動力來源。

★Those signs include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life.那些信號包括許許多多我們適應日常生活環境的方式。

★Most Americans,however,see romantic love as essential for a successful marriage,and tend to look askance at anyone who marries for a more practical reason in which love plays no part.然而，大多數美國人把浪漫的愛看作是成功婚姻必不可少的組成部分，而且往往蔑視任何為了更實際的理由，而不是為了愛而結婚的人。

★If they can sense colour differences then perhaps we,too,are affected by colour unconsciously.如果他們能夠覺察出顏色的差異，那么我們可能也不知不覺地受到顏色的影響。

★People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat,and blood pressure;red is exciting.當人們處于鮮紅顏色面前，心跳會加快，血壓也會升高；這表明紅色令人激動。

★In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.要想了解真實的自我，必須深入、廣泛的探索前人所說過的話，所做的事情。

★This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the fear and horror surrounding earthquakes,but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible.數百年來，地震的不可知性給地震蒙上了極大的恐懼和驚慌，然而近幾次的地震發生之前已經顯露一些跡象。

★The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist’s timekeeping methods.科學觀察和計算的精確度常取決于科學家的計時方法。

★In Frederick,students’parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs.在Frederick地區，學生家長們出資購買教室用品，并主動為學校第一年的教師和校長們支付所需的各類雜貨及水電費，以此來留住他們繼續工作下去。

★“Rumors about what’s happening to the district are moving at lighting speed.”said a student.“We wanted to know the truth,and spread that around instead.”一位學生說：“關于這個地區的流言正在以閃電般速度傳播著，我們想知道真相，并且傳播真相?！?/p>

★Yet the waves,no matter how big or how violent,affect only the surface of the sea.然而，不管水波多大、多猛烈，只對海面造成影響。

★In the U.S.,the figure is much higher than in Great Britian,and people there spend over 10 percent of their income on the installment plan.在美國，這個數字要比英國高得多，每個人將他們收入的百分之十花費在分期付款上。

★The idea of a fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light lamp bulbs-or even to run a small electric motor-is almost unbelievable,but several kinds of fish are able to do this.魚產生的電流能點亮電燈——或者甚至能帶動小型電動馬達——是多么不可思議，但是有些魚確實可以。

★Engineering studengs are supposed to be examples

of practicality and rationality,but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool.工科的學生往往被看成是實際和理性的榜樣，但是就我的大學教育而言，我是一個理想主義者和傻瓜。

★The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school.擺在我面前阻礙我成為一名成功學生的現實就在于工科與文科并不像我在高中時所認為的那樣，兩者并不是簡單地融合在一起。

★When the light reaches the other end,it is first changed into electrical signals,which are in turn converted into sound messages.光到達另一端后，首先轉化成電流信號，隨后再轉化為聲音信息。★In most cases these individuals are dreaming of wealth and fame,not the long hours alone at a typewriter.多數情況下，這些人正夢想著的是財富和名望，而不是在打字機前長時間的工作。★Because we live in a democratic nation,whose citizens make the policies for the nation,large numbers of us must be educated to understand,to support,and when necessary,to judge the work of experts.因為我們生活在一個民主的國家，由公民制定國家的政策，我們中的許多人必須接受教育，學會理解、支持，必要的時候還要判斷專家的工作。

★There are many communities and populations which have lost precious recoards due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.在很多地區，相當多的人曾因為一些悲劇事件而失去他們珍貴的資料，如1921年內戰期間愛爾蘭法庭失火這樣的悲劇，又如美國奴隸，對于他們來說就有很多珍貴資料未能夠保留下來。

★Theoretically,any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through this database.理論上，有一天任何人都能通過這個資料庫查處他或她家族的起源。

★On the contrary,to avoid problems in aerial navigation,the wheelless vehicle probably will travel no more than three inches above road surface.相反，為了避免天線導航，沒有輪子的汽車將在離地面不超過3英寸的距離行駛。

★I appeal to you to clarify this issue so that the poor elderly of our city many become aware of the housing benefits for which they qualify.我請求你闡明這個問題，這樣我們這個城市里貧窮的老人就可以了解到他們有資格享有住房的津貼?！颕t was believed that a person was sick because he had been attacked by evil spirits.人們認為生病是遭受惡魔的攻擊。

★We are concerned to develop the ability of all our pupils into the full,not just their academic ability.我們關系的是全面充分地發展我們每一位學生的能力，而不僅僅是他們的學習能力。

★We expect our pupils to do their best,not their least,and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.我們期望學生能夠不遺余力盡其所能，為達到此目標我們也將給予他們充分的鼓勵。

★The wheel is the simplest yet perhaps the most remarkable of all inventions,because there are no wheels in nature---no living thing was ever created with wheels.輪子是最簡單的發明，或許也是最偉大的發明，因為自然界原本沒有輪子——沒有任何生

物是輪子創造的。

★Girls exceed boys in language abilities,and this early linguistic bias often prevails throughout life.女孩在語言能力上勝過男孩，而且這種早期就暴露的語言方面的偏向常常影響終生。

★Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery pictures as a hobby,but only switched to oils in old age because her hands had become too stiff to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time.摩西奶奶小的時候畫過些畫，之后繪制刺繡圖案成了她的愛好。老了以后，她的手指變得僵硬不能縫紉，而她還希望保持忙碌打發時間，就轉向油畫?！颰he project provided opportunities for researches from India and abroad to study tigers in the reserves and gather previously unavailable information about their habits.這個方案給印度和國外的研究者提供了機會，使他們可以在保護區內研究老虎，收集以前難以獲得的有關老虎習性的資料。

★Land problem is becoming serious and many rural people feel bitter about the fact that some rich forests are reserved for tigers.土地問題變得越來越嚴重了，令許多農民痛心的是，一些肥沃的森林地區被圈起來，建成了老虎保護區。

★In learning a foreign language,the best beginning is with the non-verbal linguistic elements of the language,its gestures,its body language.學習語言最好從語言的非語言方面、手勢和身勢語入門。

★Originally the White House was gray and was called the Presidential Palace.最初白宮是灰色的，并且被叫做總統府。

★This new activity involved all the original hunting sequences but the aim of the operation was no longer to avoid starvation.這種新的活動包括原先狩獵的一系列行為，而目的已不再是避免饑餓。

★Some scientists say that 16 of these mirrors,each about half a mile across,could aim their reflected light at one area on the earth that was about 200 miles by 300 miles.一些科學家認為可用16面直徑為半英里的鏡子將反射光照射到地球表面約為60000平方英里的區域。

★What no one knows yet is what effect this artificial daytime would have on plants,animals,and humans.目前，人們還不知道的是這種人造白天對植物、動物和人會有什么影響。

★Still,the fact remains that women are now free to enter any career that attracts them,the situation has improved,and the tide is not likely to turn back.然而，事實上女性如今可以自由選擇所喜愛的職業；情況改善了，這一潮流不可能逆轉。

★Ford realized he could use this assembly line method to build cars.福特意識到他可以用這種裝配線的方法來生產他的汽車。

★At the early attempts,the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growth,a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.在初始階段海底電纜沒能安裝成功，當科研人員將電纜運出海面對其進行檢修時發現電纜表面長滿了瘤狀物，這個事實表明海洋深處并不存在生命，這與現代科學見解相佐。

★Studies by the Council of Europe,of which 21 countries are members,have shown that 45 percent of reptile species and 24 percent of butterflies are in danger of dying out.由21個成員國組成的歐洲委員會的一項研究顯示，百分之四十五的爬行物種及百分之二十四的蝴蝶瀕臨滅絕。

★Dr.Baum went on,“we could manage without most industrial products,but we could not manage without nature.Baum博士繼續說道，“沒有工業產品我們一樣能夠生活下去，但脫離了自然我們就無法生存。

★Some critics claim that no excuse is acceptable for not informing subjects about the nature of an experiment and giving them a chance to refuse to participate.一些批評家聲稱沒有任何理由讓實驗對象在不了解實驗性質，沒有機會選擇拒絕的情況下參與實驗。

★He took a trip to southern,and there he found just the weather and scenery he needed to finish his movie.他去加州南部旅行，在那里他恰好發現了要完成他的電影所需的天氣和風景。

★Primary and secondary education is financed almost entirely by the state out of central and local tax revenues.中小學幾乎全額依靠中央和地方稅收撥款。

★The current opinion seems to be that this should include a general knowledge of what computers are,plus a little of their history and something of how they operate.目前的看法似乎是這樣的，這必須包括一種關于計算機本身定義的基本知識，還需具備一些計算機的發展歷史及其操作知識。

★We effectively use all types of electrical equipment without being able to tell their history or to explain how they work..我們能夠有效地使用各種電子設備，而不需要知道它們的歷史或者它們是如何工作的。

★At times they even sleep in their van instead of a hotel,just to save money.有時他們甚至在自己的篷車里，而不是在旅館里睡覺，只是為了省錢?！顰s a result,these areas send out less heat and light and thus appear from Earth to be almost dark irregular surface patches.這些區域釋放的熱量和光線較弱，因而從地球上看，表面幾乎形成不規則的暗區?！顲omputer technology enabled the reserchers,to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect and emotion,and determine the human character.電腦技術讓研究者能準確地測量大腦前部和側面的容量，它們與智力、情感有關，決定著人的性格。

★The interview is an important event in the job-hunting process,because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want.面試是求職過程中一件重要的事情，因為你和面試人一起度過的二三十分鐘可能決定你是否能得到你想要的那個工作。

★If possible,you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.如果有可能的話，你應在得到一份工作，并且在你做好準備完成日常文書工作后再與雇傭方協商工資問題。

★He is,even today,a symbol of courage and adventure.他即使今天都是勇氣和歷險的象征。Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary.Henning研究了把英語作為外語學習的學生是如何記詞匯的。

★In time,the migration became a habit,and now,although the glaciers have disappeared,the habit continues.遷徙成為一種習慣，現在盡管冰川已經消失，這種習慣仍然繼續。

★Problems come when any particular section is too thick and not sticking to the section beneath.The snow of the past few weeks had been falling in rather higher temperatures than those of December and early January.當積雪的任何一部分太厚，并且與下面的部分不相粘結的話，問題就出現了。過去幾星期下的雪在高于十二月到一月份上旬的溫度下開始融化。

★The one comfort to recreational skiers,however,is that avalanche incidents on the marked ski slopes are quite rare.No ski resort wants the image of being a death trap.對于度假的滑雪者來說，令人欣慰的是，雪崩事故很少發生在有足跡的滑雪坡上。

★Losing weight is hard work,but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat.減肥是件苦差事，大多數人都想找到一條又快又簡單的減肥方法。

★The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself,with his warm friendliness,his good sense,his urbanity,his gay spirits,his artistic integrity,and his love of both the Old World and the New.他受到尊重部分源自其自身，他友好、判斷能力強、文雅、開朗、正直，新、舊世界他都熱愛。★Kidneys can be conserved in this simple way for 24 to 48 hours with little deterioration,and during this time they can be moved for long distances.用這種簡單的方法，腎臟可以保存24到48小時而不會變質，在此段時間里能被轉移到很遠的地方。

★A simple and common method used by many consumers is to complain directly to the store manager.很多顧客采用的一個簡單又常用的方法是直接向商店經理投訴。

★She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organization responsible for protecting consumers’ rights.她或他（顧客）會將賣方告上法庭，或者他們會向保護消費者權益的私人或公共機構進行舉報。

★In this way,better quality products at good values are continually being brought to the people of all income groups.這樣，性價比高的商品可以不斷地提供給不同收入層次的人們。

★Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s work,i.e.,the processing of the written word,it is,strictly speaking,unnecessary that he should be able to speak the languages he is dealing with.牢記翻譯者工作的性質，即對書面語進行操作，嚴格地說，并不要求翻譯者一定能夠講他正在翻譯的語言?！颕t is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course,though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.學生也可能在學習期間在兩所大學交叉學習，盡管這樣做并不常見。

★Money laundering is the process by which money obtained by illegal means is given the appearance of legitimate income and returned into circulation.洗錢是將非法途徑得來的金錢，在合法收入的掩蓋下使之進入流通領域。

★The liberlization of markets around the world and deregulation of exchange controls are regarded as the chief causes of the rapid expansion of the money laundering over the past decade.市場的（過度）自由及對匯率控制的撤銷成為過去十年來洗錢活動迅速發展的兩大主要原因。

★Nobel preferred not to be remembered as the inventor of dynamite,so in 1895,just two weeks before his death,he created a found to be used for awarding prizes to people who had made worthwhile contrybutions to mankind.諾貝爾寧愿自己不是作為甘油炸藥的發明者而被人們記住，因此，他在1895年去世前的兩個星期，創立了一項基金，獎勵對人類做出有價值貢獻的人們。

★Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese school,yet many students say that after an exam,they forget much of the information that they have memorized.死記硬背是日本學習采用的一種重要的學習方法，然而很多學生反映，考試過后他們就忘記了背過的大部分內容。

★Teach him it is far more honorable to fail than to cheat.教導他失敗比作弊要光榮得多。

★Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.因為時尚的變化，衣裳僅僅穿了幾次就要被丟到一邊。

★Do the constantly changing fashions of women’s clothes,one wonders,reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability?有人會想，女性服飾時尚不斷發生改變的事實是不是反映出其本身存在的一種變化無常、及不穩定的基本特性呢？

★The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their product’s obvious advantages.盡管產品本身具備顯而易見的優勢，速溶咖啡的生產者發現他們的產品在市場上嚴重受阻。

★Many of the centenarians emphasized the importance of being independent and free to do the things they enjoyed and wanted to do,and of maintaining a placid state of mind free from worry or emotional strain.許多百歲老人強調獨立自由地做自己想做的事情，遠離煩惱和情感壓力，保持平靜的心態很重要。

★Even if a job is not perfect for you,every interview can make you learn from it.即使某一份工作對你來說并不理想，每個面試都可以讓你從中學到些東西。

★People who question or even look down on the study of the past and its works usually assume that the past is entirely different from the present,and that hence we can learn nothing worthwhile from the past.那些質疑甚至輕視對過去及先人作品研究的人們通常主觀地認為過去與現在是完全不同的，從而得出人們無法從過去獲取任何有價值的東西的結論?！颳e and the ancients share a common human nature and hence certain common human experiences and problems.我們和古人享有共同的人類的天性，因此也會有共同的經歷和問題。

★Perhaps the reason is that asvertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.也許，原因是登廣告能讓生產者省心，不要去考慮消費者。

★“No mechanism in China requires the recall of cars as it dose in Japan,but Honda decided to replace the rubber connector in order to provide the same service to Chinese consumers”the spokeswoman said.女發言人說：“與在日本不同，中國的機構沒有要求召回汽車，但是本田公司決定更換橡膠連接以向中國客戶提供同等服務。”

★A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide,Inc.,found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income.去年由Roper Starch Worldwide公司所做的一項調查發現，幾乎有百分之七十的接受調查者表示如果他們的家庭收入能夠再增加一倍，他們會更幸福。

★The publisher was so doubtful,he wanted her to split the publishing costs with him,and all she hoped was that it would make enough money for her to buy a new silk dress.出版商不太確信書出版后一定能夠賺錢，他想與作者（Harriet Beecher Stowe）分攤出版費用，而她只是希望能夠賺夠足夠的錢為自己買一條新的絲綢連衣裙。

★Its vast influence strengthened the anti-slavery movement and angered defenders of the slave system.它巨大的影響激勵了反對奴隸制的運動，也激怒了奴隸制的擁護者。