第一篇：新東方的作文筆記(自己總結(jié))

以下資料是我在新東方的作文筆記。將其整理，上傳給大家分享。開始之前，送大家兩句話-----“Chances always favor the prepared winds.”

幸運女神總是青睞有準備的人

“A penny saved is a penny earned.”

積少成多

首先，來看看作文評卷標準。結(jié)構(gòu)清晰

2詞匯變化

3句型變化

4錯誤較少

其次是戰(zhàn)略（strategies）

1結(jié)構(gòu)第一：面子問題----注意書寫（分體）、格式（頂格/隔行）標點（中英文標點區(qū)別）、字數(shù)控制、注意拼寫。

2語言第二：表達不要“怪”、變化不要“少”；錯誤不要“多”。

說明：think

important more and more hard 這些“初級“詞匯盡量用考研大綱的單詞來替換。

參考替換詞匯：

Think: maintain, suppose, insist, propose,present ,consider, argue

as far as I am concerned, in my eyes, to my knowledge, for my part（think 著用這些詞匯或短語來替換）

important: vital, crucial, critical, decisive,principal,primary, indispensable.More and moe: a grawing number of

an increasing amount of hard: harsh tough arduous

3內(nèi)容第三：思想大眾化，思想健康化。態(tài)度積極，避免敏感政治話題

注意：標題不要寫

最后看看具體操作 1 名言的活用

在熟練背誦名言的前提下，可以根據(jù)文章主題來自由發(fā)揮。如將其改編，改寫。EX1：,All roads lead to Romans.改寫后：All roads lead to “success”.EX2:Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.---John F.kennedy 改寫后：Ask not what your “parents” can do for you;ask what you can do for your “parents.”

不要問你的父母能為你做什么，而要問你能為父母做什么。

EX3:Where there is will ,there is way.改寫后：Where there is “l(fā)ove”,there is “contribution”.(哪里有愛，哪里就有奉獻。)

essential，fundamental，significant,dominant, 2 遣詞之四度

（1）準度（Accuracy）:作文時注意固定搭配和詞語的辨析。EX：country ,state , nation.(他們之間的細微區(qū)別)（2）寬度（Variety）

EX1: This class makes me share their experance.(大家最喜歡用的詞語就是make)換詞匯：This class access me to share their experance.allows(將make換成這兩個詞比較好)EX2：Love maks him young.Love enables him to be young.（3）難度（Difficulty）

下面我們還是做“換詞匯”的工作。也就是詞語的升級。

Main= major, chief, essential, primary, fundamental, principal，Always= invariably, inescapable, indispensable, inevitable, inescapable

Clear= distinct , manifest, explicit, evidence

Strange=peculiar ,queer, eccentric

Raise=life, elevate, escalate

Begin=commence

End=terminate, cease

Continue=proceed

Effort=endeavor

Same=identical

Ps: 大家來體會這兩句話。My cell was in need of an electricity dinner.2I’m swimming in an ocean of homework, 第一句翻譯：我的手機在充電

第二句翻譯：我有大量的家庭作業(yè)要完成。句型運用

（1）定語從句

在寫作中多運用定語從句，讓散句看起來更有結(jié)構(gòu)。（2）雙重否定

Anyting is possible.Impossible is noting.以上兩句用中文表達意思都差不多。但是這里要強調(diào)的是第二句比第一句出彩。出彩在哪里？先看其結(jié)構(gòu)“表

系

主”前后都用了否定詞。第一詞用了否定，句子肯定要倒裝。所以第二句又是雙否又是倒裝句。

下面給大家一些例句，試試做做對比。EX1：I will score high in this exam.I will never fail to score high in this exam.EX2:I didn’t have dinner.I failed to have dinner.EX3:The following factors can not be ignore.The following elements can not be omitted.Impossible is that I will fail to score high in the exam.這句話用了雙否，倒裝和主語從句。

（3）倒裝

A否定副詞用法

Never have I seen you.Not only…but also

B noly 用法

EX1：Only with perseverance can we succeed.(only+介詞用法)

EX2: Only here can we acquire systematic.(noly+副詞用法)

EX3：Only when I graduate can I financially support my parents.(only+從句)

C as 引導(dǎo)從句

EX： Rich as he is, he is friendless.(4)強調(diào)句

A強調(diào)謂語（do/dose/did）

EX: I do love you.B It is/was … that

C very 的強調(diào)

D 否定詞+比較級=肯定詞+最高級 EX：It can not be hotter.(非常熱)EX：I have never met a nicer person than you.(我從未見過比你更好的人)

（5）同位語從句

有時狀語從句，賓語從句都可以變化為同位語從句。EX：Although I love him, I will not marry him.變化后：In spite of the fact that I love him, I will not marry him.EX:We discove that…

We make a discover that…

(6)虛擬語氣

EX：If there were no opening-up policy, we would have no KFC.EX: If overfishing were to continue, our next generation would have no fish to eat.在寫作中要學(xué)會運用虛擬語氣給文章加分。

最后就是寫作模板。因為在網(wǎng)上都可以搜尋，這里就不一一給大家寫出來了。以上就當(dāng)拋磚引玉，給大家一個思路。

第二篇：新東方筆記2009筆記大總結(jié)

閱讀

一、主旨大意題

1.問法：

a.主題型 b.標題型 c.目的型 2.命題規(guī)律：a.首段 b.尾段

c.中間段

3.方法：首末句原則法（首段前兩句+每段首句+尾段末兩句）4.技巧：①結(jié)構(gòu) a.2~4→盡可能用完 b.≥5→用過1/2部分

②首段首句問句

③首段尾段獨句段：主旨題即為此句

④首段舉例/諺語：一定在首段兩句

5.選項分析：正確①具有概括性②語氣不絕對③符合常識、邏輯

錯誤①概括過度②以偏蓋全③無關(guān)④對立 6.詞匯：同義詞、四六級核心詞匯、考研閱讀高頻詞匯

二、例證題

1．問法：example;case;cite;mention;illustrate;prove/show 2.解題方法：跳開本句，左（90%）顧右（10%）盼

3.技巧：①準確定位 ②例子不看 ③90%→一句 10%→一句二句

三、指代題

1.問法：―代‖→it ①普通代詞②形式主語③形式賓語

↘which 一定向左，可以指代單詞，也可以指代句子 2.方法：代入→語法功能→向左or向右

四、長難句分析

1.定義：30words左右，多個分詞，多個從句 2.分析：前→后 尋找獨立謂語→是否存在連詞

轉(zhuǎn)折讓步看一半，并列不用全看完，插入成分可跳過，定狀細節(jié)盡量刪

五、文章來源題 1.方法：中心思想法

2.來源：①book view ②preface/forword ③popular science ④autobiography

⑤news coverage ⑥speech/lecture

六、細節(jié)題 ㈠事實細節(jié)題

1.問法：4W/H 實義 題干+正確選項=原文一二句 2.方法：尋讀①key words（a.實詞 b.一次）②research(a.順序 b.關(guān)鍵詞第一次出現(xiàn)的地方)③position（a.過1/2 b.完整句子定位）④choice（同義轉(zhuǎn)換/詞性轉(zhuǎn)換/上下文）

3.命題規(guī)律：①轉(zhuǎn)折詞（but, yet, while, whereas / however, nevertheless, in fact, indeed, practically）附近②專有名詞（人名地名年代）③特殊標點符號④段落首末句 4.技巧：①準確定位②遵守順序原則③長選項豎讀④堅持本本主義 ⑤細節(jié)不孤立⑥頭不要擺，不要指著讀

5.選項分析:正確①同義改寫②歸納總結(jié)③詞性轉(zhuǎn)變

錯誤①張冠李戴②偷梁換柱③與原文內(nèi)容對立④微調(diào) 6.復(fù)習(xí)：①思路scan ②在找到的位置達到擇讀 ㈡是非判斷題

1.問法： which； true； correct； mention； except 2.命題規(guī)則：①中心思想法（3錯1對）②并列列舉（3對1錯）3.方法：① 3錯1對 中心思想法 ②3對1錯 選項反定位法 4.解題技巧：①判斷是3對1錯還是3錯1對 ②看題目是否有指定段落 ③看是否有關(guān)鍵詞

七、論點論據(jù)題

1.題型：①類比題②寫作手法題③文章結(jié)構(gòu)題

2.文章結(jié)構(gòu)：①花開兩朵型（總分）②一枝獨秀型③新聞報道型（倒序，結(jié)果常在開頭）④問題解決型（常以問題開頭）⑤層層遞進（具體→概括 中心常在最后一段）

八、觀點態(tài)度題

情感詞：褒positive, enthusiasm, optimistic, approving, sympathetic, praisable, complimentary

貶negative, pessimistic, critical, ironic, sarcastic, skeptical, disgusted

中objective, impartial, impersonal, neutral 干擾詞： indifferent, biased, contemptuous ①

口訣法：有客觀選客觀，沒客觀選樂觀，沒樂觀選謹慎，沒謹慎選驚訝 ②

中心思想法：尋找情感 技巧：①看清楚是問作者還是別人態(tài)度 ②作者觀點態(tài)度常與中心思想有關(guān) ③口訣法服從中心思想法④作者觀點態(tài)度不極端 ⑤reserved+n.;partially+adj.;tempered+n.必正確 ⑥I hold,personally---表作者

九、語義理解題

1.命題規(guī)律：①一詞多義②特殊詞（符號/縮略詞/拼綴詞）③超綱詞匯

2.方法：看選項詞性（瀏覽選項）→代入→搭配→邏輯→跳躍（跳開本句，左顧右盼）3.選項分析：正確答案常為引申含義，錯誤選項常為表面含義

十、判斷推論題（整體推論&局部推論）

1.問法：infer, imply, conclude, suggest, learn, know 2.方法：5→尾段末兩句

1→首段首末句

2/3/4→上下夾看是否有獨立段落

↘中心思想

↘中心思想 ↘中心思想 Ⅰ 題順序

無順序：主旨大意 作者態(tài)度 是非判斷 順序： 事實細節(jié) 語義理解 判斷推論 Ⅱ 試卷做題順序

a.閱讀A（80~100min）→作文（60min）→新閱讀（20）→翻譯（15）→完型（5）b.作文（60min）→閱讀A（80~100min）→新閱讀（20）→翻譯（15）→完型（5）Ⅲ 點面結(jié)合法（全讀）①可防止亂序②符合閱讀習(xí)慣③中心

步驟：1.1min通讀5個題干（語義單詞、3錯1對、作者觀點態(tài)度單詞、加看選項）2.通讀全文（7~8min）標記題干，上下段首末句

3.回讀標記，選擇答案（7~8min）

四原則：a.時間對等 讀全文=做題 b.首段原則（關(guān)注首段，尤其是轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后）c.首末句原則 d.路標原則（離出題處不遠的轉(zhuǎn)折詞、特殊標點符號）Ⅳ解的結(jié)構(gòu)

⑴中心思想是解 ⑵some是解（sth , sb , certain ,some time ,some where）⑶趨勢是解（trend to, tendency）⑷變化是解（convert, shift, alter, change）⑸重要是解（essential, significant, vital, improtant）⑹具體不是解，概括才是解

⑺簡單不是解，復(fù)雜才是解 ⑻絕對不是解，相對才是解⑼別出心裁是解 ⑽出乎意料是解 ⑾內(nèi)容積極向上是解 ⑿常識是解 ⒀本質(zhì)是解（natural,origin）⒁50%求解（選項相反、相近）⒂特征是解（chatacter）

08年 主旨3 觀態(tài)1 是非1 推論4 語義1 事實細節(jié)10 翻譯

redguard.**

1.信（忠實原文）達（語言通達）雅（習(xí)慣修辭）技巧：不翻被動，換主語 ①硬翻 ②主賓顛倒 ③―是‖―有‖→實義 ④添主語 2.考研翻譯―八榮八恥‖

以勇于亮劍為榮，以跳過不做為恥；

以直接翻譯為榮，以通讀全文為恥； 以忠實原文的直譯為榮，以天馬行空的意譯為恥；以宏觀把握為榮，以斤斤計較為恥； 以緊扣真題反復(fù)訓(xùn)練為榮，以盲目模擬為恥； 以給出一個譯文為榮，以給出多個譯文為恥； 以做到信達雅為榮，以通篇翻譯為恥；

以寫對中文漢字為榮，以寫錯中文漢字為恥。3.做輕重：重---謂語核心 輕---從、分、小

動性詞←動詞不定式，分詞，介詞，動名詞 承載一個意群（動態(tài)意群拆分法）

4.步驟:①找出動性詞 ②圈定動性詞所輻射的意群范圍（引導(dǎo)詞、關(guān)系詞、標點符號）③逐個翻譯意群（切塊翻譯意群）④按中文表達習(xí)慣調(diào)整語序（調(diào)語序做勾聯(lián)）詞法翻譯①語境②漢語習(xí)慣③詞根詞綴

1.詞義選擇---詞無本義，意由境生（根據(jù)上下文or漢語表達習(xí)慣選擇詞義）2.中英思維區(qū)別：英式思維（直線性、重舉例、重數(shù)據(jù)、自愛）

中式思維(迂回性、重說理、輕量化、博愛)3.詞義引申：①抽象化引申 ②具體化引申 ③詞性轉(zhuǎn)化 4.定語從句：which, that, who要么做主語，要么是賓語

如果定語從句內(nèi)容簡單，信息負載量不大，可以提到中心詞前翻譯，引導(dǎo)詞不需翻；

如果句子內(nèi)容復(fù)雜，信息負載量大，要翻到先行詞之后，獨立成句，重復(fù)先行詞。5.狀語從句：when, while, that, for, although

從句引導(dǎo)詞及從句本身一般都按字面翻譯，整個從句翻譯后與原文沒多大區(qū)別。6.同位語從句：同位語從句中 that不充當(dāng)句子成分

簡單的同位語從句往往譯成定語，放在名詞前； 而復(fù)雜同位語從句往往獨立成句，that→―：‖

一、并列結(jié)構(gòu)：兩個或兩個以上的并列成分，有明顯的連詞或標點連接，翻譯時常常需要重復(fù)并列成分.最常見的連詞是：and, or, but, whether…or…, neither…or…, not only…but also

二、否定結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.部分否定：指代詞或副詞，如all, both, every, everybody, every one, many,everything等與否定詞not搭配使用，常翻譯為―并非所有‖，all… not…―不全是‖；both…not…―并非兩個都‖；not always―不一定‖，not ofen―不經(jīng)?！?；not necessary―未必‖ e.g.The situation is not necessary.情況并非如此。

2.全部否定：never, no, not, none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, not at all e.g.He is no professor.他根本不是教授。3.否定轉(zhuǎn)移：

1）

否定的主語轉(zhuǎn)為否定謂語

No energy can be created, and none destroyed.能量不能創(chuàng)造，也不能消失。

2）

主語的否定轉(zhuǎn)為從句的否定

She did not come because she wanted to see him.她來了不是因為她想見他。3）

否定主句的謂語轉(zhuǎn)為否定賓語從句的謂語 I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.I don’t suppose they will object to my suggestion.三、比較結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯 1.AS系列 1）As…as句型：同級比較，表示兩者比較程度一樣

She is as much interested in music as ever.2）Not so…as句型：跟as…as…相反的結(jié)構(gòu)

3）Not so much…as…句型：與其說，不如說 = not only…but also… He was not so much angry as disappointed.4)Not so much as…句型：甚至沒有，甚至不

He didn’t so much as ask me to sit down.他甚至都沒有讓我坐下。2.Than系列

1）

比較級+than to 不至于做

You have more sense than to dump him.你不會把他甩掉吧。2）

More than

More A than B :與其說，不如說

He is more good than bad.More than:

比…多 He more than smiled and laughed.她不僅笑，而且大笑。

She is more than kind to us.她對我們非常友好。

No more than: 既不…也不… He is no more/less a writer than a painter.他既不是畫家，也不是作家。/他既是作家也是畫家。

四、強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯

1.倒裝：還原倒裝部分后直接翻譯

1）

表語前置引起倒裝：smart as you are 2）

否定詞前置引起倒裝：never will they give up the struggle for freedom.2.加助動詞do: 加上―的確，務(wù)必，千萬等詞‖ We do have sufficient food and drink.3.it is … that 在被強調(diào)部分加上―就是，正是‖等詞 it was professor wu that

五、插入結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：一般直接翻譯，但如果修飾整個句子，提到句子前面翻譯 1.adv.插入語： incidentally, fortunately, apparently 2.adj.短語作插入語： more important of all, worse still(更為糟糕的是)，strange enough(令人足夠奇怪的是)3.介詞短語作插入語： all in all, in fact 4.不定式做插入語： to tell you the truth(老實對你說)，to be exact(確切的說)，sa to say(所以說),to be frank(坦率的說)，to say the least of it(至少可以這樣說)5.分詞短語作插入語：considering, all things considered(從整體上考慮)，allowing for(考慮到)，judging from(從…來判斷)，putting it another way(換句話說)，talking of(提到)，taking all things into consideration(全面看來)6.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

The man, I think, doesn’t deserve your love.常見表達：I think, I believe, I guess據(jù)我推測, I’m afraid, It seems, It is said, It is suggested有人建議。

What we call做插入語

What we call, what we used to call, what is called, what the describe as, what can be called, what they regards.新題型

③

排順序 ②七選五 ③找匹配 七選五： 做題步驟：①先看文章首段，通過閱讀文章首段，把握文章主題 ②先閱讀后面7個選項，以目標為導(dǎo)向 ③閱讀全文并解題

④檢驗所恢復(fù)的文章是否有連貫性和一致性

三大法寶：①由點入面 如果兩個可以銜接在的具有關(guān)聯(lián)性和相適性的信息板塊，其內(nèi)容也同樣具有千絲萬縷的關(guān)聯(lián)性和相近性，存在著許多彼此信息匹配的信息點，通過信息匹配點，判斷整個信息板塊間的關(guān)系

②以點串面 從龐大的信息板塊內(nèi)部確定能形成匹配的信息點通過分析找到的信息點推測兩個板塊之間是否具有相近性和關(guān)聯(lián)性

③點面結(jié)合 上下通讀確認是否有連貫性和一致性

1.上下文邏輯關(guān)系定位法 在七選五題目中，不論填空出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾，均可以分析和定位該填空上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，一旦定位出某種邏輯關(guān)系就意味著起著聯(lián)系上下文作用的該填空必須填入表達這種邏輯關(guān)系的信息，這樣才能將上下文聯(lián)系起來。2.復(fù)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)定位

相同詞or 不同詞 3.無關(guān)詞排除法

通過在7個待選選項中定位出一些關(guān)鍵詞，如果發(fā)現(xiàn)這些關(guān)鍵詞和原文的主題信息明顯無關(guān)，那么包含這些關(guān)鍵詞的選項很可能和全文主題無關(guān)，這說明這些選項失去填回原文的資格（排除錯誤選項）

4.舉例定位法： of these, of those, of them, among…, namely…

觀點→例子

例子設(shè)置于原文中→上位概念選項 5.總分結(jié)構(gòu)定值

6.時間地點數(shù)字的銜接關(guān)系定位法 7.指代關(guān)系定位法

動詞切入點：1）看主語，注意主謂搭配

2）看賓語，看動賓搭配。看賓語是抽象n還是具體n.只能人做主語：believe, regard, think, be impressed by, intend, require, doubt 只能人做賓語：impress, assure of sth 只能物做賓語：ensure 要接具體n.: fasten(the belt), lable the bottle, feed the soil 要接抽象n.: enhance

3)及物和不及物

不及物v.：dispose off, cope with, approve of, speculate on/in, contribute to

4)根據(jù)動詞后的介詞及介詞賓語

5）根據(jù)句中其他對動詞構(gòu)成限制性成分

名詞切入點：①作主語時，謂語和表語線索

②作賓語時，謂語v是線索 ③根據(jù)名詞前后的介詞進行判斷

④根據(jù)已有名詞判斷所選n：褒貶意義一致，正式語體一致 ⑤當(dāng)n后出現(xiàn)從句或前出現(xiàn)adj該修飾成分為線索

形容詞切入點：①adj做表語及系表結(jié)構(gòu)時，要看主語和表語搭配的合適性，不是所有的adj都能修飾人or物 ②adv修飾的n，已經(jīng)受到其修飾成分（另一個adj或從句）修飾要選擇的adj要根據(jù)該修飾成分修飾 ③由adv修飾時，adv就是線索 ④adj直接修飾n，要注意他們的合適性。

表因果的詞：because, for, since, ever since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result, due to, because of, thanks to, in that, in response to

表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞：but, however, yet, by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of，表讓步的詞：although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 表并列的詞：and, and also, or, neither…nor…, either…or…, in the same way, likewise, that is to say, similarly, equally, as well as 表遞進的詞：also, then, besides, in addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover, what’s more

完形填空

一、完型填空的誤區(qū)：

1、很多同學(xué)認為完型填空就是語法詞匯題

現(xiàn)在考試當(dāng)中如果還考語法，就考定語從句或同位語從句。語法就準備從句：定語從句、同位語從句、狀語從句。語法的變化較慢，詞匯的發(fā)展較快。完型填空選擇的是最佳答案，不是最正確答案。對詞匯的把握不能只認識意思，不能只知其一不知其二，不能一葉障目不見森林，不能只知表面意思不知深刻意思。

2、很多同學(xué)認為完型填空需要背誦大綱中的5500個單詞

背單詞的理念：通過真題記單詞。背誦真題，把握真題的理念：以真題為圓心，以努力為半徑畫完美的考研備考的圓。對真題把握的三個標準：1）翻開近十年真題，沒有一個單詞是生詞2）翻開近十年真題，沒有一個句子是長難句[好的準備長難句的方法：把真題中所有長難句歸類。推薦書籍：《考研英語長難句與詞匯突破》李玉技 編著]3）翻開近十年真題，要知道所有選項對錯的原因

3、處理好模擬試題與真題的關(guān)系，真題是根本，真題是核心

學(xué)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)該先做真題，后做模擬試題[建議：做閱讀理解方面的模擬試題，做完型填空的模擬題意義不是特別大]

二、完型填空的備考思路

1、背誦近十年真題，要求大家背誦一篇240-280字的文章

2、背誦近十年真題中的所有選項，選項基本上體現(xiàn)了完型填空考查的范圍 每個單詞一定要知道對錯的原因，知道每個單詞的準確用法

3、把握解題技巧與方法，沒有解題技巧指導(dǎo)的考研完型是比較失敗的考研完型

4、背大批量的詞組（搜索李玉技高頻詞組734）

5、適當(dāng)?shù)淖鲆恍┠M試題

三、解題技巧與方法

1、卷子發(fā)下來后，利用紅花綠葉原則做題。紅花詞：某個單詞在歷年真題中每次出現(xiàn)都選 綠葉詞：屢出現(xiàn)屢不選，屢不選屢出現(xiàn) 紅花詞：however yet although because 綠葉詞：since ever since now that what if only, in case/lest, or else about, as to, with regard to, in/with reference to What有三大特點：1）what從句只能做主、賓、表從句2）what不能放在名詞后3）what后面的從句不完整

涉及虛擬語氣的詞不選if only +過去式 [only if如果] 注意兩個問題：1）紅花綠葉原則能做對2-5個題2）紅花詞偶爾會失手

2、明白ABCD選項的規(guī)律

1）ABCD的個數(shù)都是4-6個之間，四個答案基本均勻分布2）完型填空中一般而言A較多 3）沒有連續(xù)三個答案都一樣的情況，連續(xù)兩個答案都一樣的情況是0-3個，前后答案彼此都不一樣的情況是17-20個

4）在五個一組的答案中，至少要出現(xiàn)三個字母（此規(guī)律同樣適合閱讀理解）

3、完型填空文章的基本特點

1）首段首句一般不出題（2001除外），降低了文章的難度。除了首段首句外，基本上每一句話都要出題2）每篇文章都有明確的主題和作者的態(tài)度（態(tài)度重要）3）總分結(jié)構(gòu)進行到底，降低了完型的難度4）邏輯關(guān)系非常明確

[五大邏輯關(guān)系：對立關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、總分關(guān)系、遞進關(guān)系] 重點放在邏輯關(guān)系題

句子對應(yīng)成分分析法：當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)并列關(guān)系出現(xiàn)，尤其是兩個句子互為并列關(guān)系的時候，那么在完型填空中，這兩個句子就可以通過彼此一一對應(yīng)的方法來獲得答案。

復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系解題法：就完型填空文章而言，如果某個概念出現(xiàn)兩次或兩次以上，它提法應(yīng)當(dāng)是一樣的。

For example 1）表達的總分的邏輯關(guān)系2）在句子中是個插入狀語，不是句子的必然組成成分。

同義原則：在四個選項中，當(dāng)兩個或三個實詞互為同義詞時，答案往往在其中。當(dāng)兩個或三個虛詞互為同義詞時，往往都不選。當(dāng)四個選項有一個共同的意思時，該意思往往不能夠入選。

引導(dǎo)省略式的狀語從句的條件：1）從句主語與主句主語相一致2）從句必須是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)3）省去從句中的主語和系動詞；4）可引導(dǎo)省略式狀語從句的連詞：while、when、although、until、unless、if 表語題的解題方法：當(dāng)表語是名詞時，它和主語是對等關(guān)系；當(dāng)表語是形容詞或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞時，它和主語是修飾關(guān)系。

and題型的做題方法：1）句子對應(yīng)成分分析法；2）選同義詞法；3）可以選同一范圍的詞 although與but的區(qū)別：1）Although從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)的全部是從句，既可放句首，又可放句中。but并列連詞，既可連接兩個主句，也可連接兩個從句，當(dāng)連詞講時只能放句中，當(dāng)其放句首時，是做副詞用2）從屬連詞放句中時，前面一般不加逗號；而并列連詞放句中時，前面逗號可加可不加

Indeed與furthermore的區(qū)別：

Indeed強調(diào)肯定前面的事實，一般不作更深刻的推理furthermore一定要從程度上加深意義 動詞題解題的六種方法：1)看主語，注意主謂搭配的一致性（主要看主語是人還是物）主語必須是人的動詞：believe、regard、think、be impressed by、inten、require、doubt 主語一般是物的動詞：manifest 2）看賓語，注意動賓搭配的一致性

賓語怎樣確定：（1）看賓語是人還是物

跟人作賓語的動詞：assure、impress 跟物作賓語的動詞：ensure（2）看賓語是抽象名詞還是具體名詞

只能跟抽象名詞作賓語的動詞：enhance只能跟具體名詞作賓語的動詞：fasten、label、feed既可能抽象也可跟具體名詞作賓語的動詞：tighten 3）從動詞及物或不及物的角度出發(fā)做題

不及物動詞：dispose、cope、speculate、approve、contribute有時及物和不及物搭配不一樣4）根據(jù)主語和賓語的邏輯關(guān)系判定動詞5）根據(jù)動詞后的介詞以及介詞賓語判定答案6）根據(jù)能夠?qū)釉~起到限制性成分來判定動詞（一般指形容詞）

名詞題解題的五種方法：1）名詞作主語時，謂語或表語就是信息線索2）名詞作賓語時，謂語動詞就是線索

3）根據(jù)名詞前后的介詞判定名詞4）根據(jù)已有名詞來判定已選名詞5）當(dāng)名詞后面出現(xiàn)定語從句或同位語從句時，從句就是線索

形容詞解題的四種方法：1）形容詞作表語時主語就是線索2）由副詞修飾形容此時副詞就是線索3）當(dāng)多個成分同時修飾一個名詞時，答案就在修飾成分中4）當(dāng)形容詞修飾名詞時，名詞就是線索

副詞題解題的三種方法：1）根據(jù)主旨做題2）同義原則3）根據(jù)時態(tài)來判斷 做題順序12步法 先看選項，再看文章

看選項：1）利用紅花綠葉原則做題2）使用同義原則3）重點做邏輯關(guān)系題4）看文章，做好and題，and前后要么選同義詞，要么選同一范圍的詞，要么用句子對應(yīng)成分分析法做and題5）所有的not題6）表語題7）復(fù)現(xiàn)題8）動詞題9）名詞題10）形容詞題11）副詞題12）利用概率原則做題

做題方法：1）關(guān)鍵線索定位法2）句子對應(yīng)成分分析法3）時間線索定位法4）生活常識解題法5）總分結(jié)構(gòu)解題法 重要語法現(xiàn)象：定語從句 三個詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況：

AS

1）as 關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句，其先行詞可以是單詞，也可以是句子。[先行詞可以是句子先行詞只有兩個：which和as] 2）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句位置靈活3）在引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句的時候，as只能用在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，which卻沒有這樣的限制。在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的時候，用as表示主句與從句是順承或一致關(guān)系，用which表示主句與從句是對立或否定關(guān)系。

THAN 1）than做關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句2）than在后面的句子當(dāng)中作主語 3）主句必須要有比較級

BUT

1）but做關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句2）主句要用否定式 3）but相當(dāng)于not—that或not who 寫作

一、詞 3～4種替換

①后詞優(yōu)先（高中+四級詞匯）---短語類+長單詞

important: significant, essential, crucial, critical, indispensable learn: attain, obtain, acquire, accumulate very: extremely, extraordinarily, unusually, largely ②短語優(yōu)先

make: make up build: build up accumulate: pile up like: be fond of, be keen on, care for ③派生詞優(yōu)先

important: importance fond: fondness delight: delightful, delighted, delightfully satisfy: satisfied, satisfactory effect: effective, effectively ④名詞優(yōu)先

think: opinion, idea, notion, consideration, concern, assumption, presumption, argument eg.My(individual)consideration is that environment protection(conservation)is of extraordinary significance.二、句

同義轉(zhuǎn)化+句子擴展

1.同義轉(zhuǎn)化

eg.A對B很重要

A play important part(role)in B.A is to B what foundation is to a skyscraper / water to fish / heart to humans.A means / matters a lot / much to B.The significance of A should never be over looked / ignored / denied / neglected in B.A is / means everything / the whole world to B.2.句子擴展（1）詞匯擴展

1）n.前修 派生形容詞和復(fù)合形容詞優(yōu)先

poor→badly-off→underdeveloped→impoverished

后修 介修 in;on;from;at;of

分修 –ed;-ing

句修 名詞+ing = 名詞+which/ who do/ does/ is/are doing

the impoverish countries which lie in the third world

名詞+ed分詞=名詞+which/ who am /is/are done

the measures which are taken by the government

2）adj.① adv修飾（情感類）②非常 ③一般

sincerely, truly, frankly, honestly, heartfeltly, heartily

surprisingly, shockingly, generally, roughly, virtually

強調(diào)副詞：absolutely, definitely, undoubtedly 3）v.能用來修飾adj.的adv.均可用來adv.tips:使用v時，adv若想不起來可盡量generally類型，但adj前務(wù)必用adv,修飾（2）句子擴展

1）盡量使用分詞

tips：小作文中，中間用Being a 身份 who 修飾-----表自己身份

大作文中，Interested in , Concerned about , Disappointed with

（小中，the reason being that ，大中尾），the consequence being that ,.tips:以上兩句一定要用在―，‖之后，that之后跟句子

2）使用從句

①原因性從句 since, as, for on account of the fact that

by virtue of the fact that owing to the fact that

②結(jié)果性從句 so that with the consequence that

③條件從句

providing/ provided that, assuming/ assumed that

tips:位于句首引出句子，中間逗號隔開；位于句中引出句子可以不加逗號

④轉(zhuǎn)折

yet, while, whereas

⑤讓步 even though despite the fact that

inspite of the fact that

（3）篇章擴展

1)必須在文中使用結(jié)構(gòu)銜接詞

tips:小作文中間部分，大作文全部

2)注意使用代詞的準確照應(yīng)

tips:①使用代詞時需照應(yīng)離他最近的前文名詞

②注意代詞和該名詞的性、數(shù)一致

三、分析學(xué)生最常見的語法錯誤 1）冠詞錯誤

tips：①單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞不能單獨出現(xiàn)，前面必須要有a, an;

②復(fù)數(shù)名詞可單獨出現(xiàn)，前面不加冠詞，但后面有后置修飾語時例外（+the）

③不可數(shù)名詞可單獨出現(xiàn)，但后面有后置修飾語時例外（+the）

2）并列結(jié)構(gòu):在一個句子中出現(xiàn)的并列結(jié)構(gòu)的形式必須一致

The eyes of the Sammi are twice bigger than Lily’s(those of Lily).The person with(①who has)broad knowledge and rich experience is supposed to live a better life that the person who does(②without them)not.3）搭配錯誤

Many wild species have(been)extinct in the worsening natural environment.extinct-adj;extinction-n.die out-v.4）串句:在前后兩個獨立句子間必須使用連詞來銜接句子，而絕不能用adv.小作文寫作攻略

1.基本信息：商務(wù)信函和私人信函都以商務(wù)信函對待，題目中出現(xiàn)人名，必為私人信函 Dear Alice, /Dear Sir or Madam，正文使用縮進時，縮四個字母。三個段落

Yours sincerely, Liming 2.小作文操作口訣：首段直抒胸臆說目的 中間謙虛委婉講理由 結(jié)尾真誠重述送祝福

Tips:3段為7句左右最佳，不能超過十句

3.開頭：I’m writing this letter to you in order to do …/ with the purpose of doing …/ in the hope of doing…

Tips:目的詞必須是亮點詞匯，即符合―四詞選擇‖

The purpose of mine writing this letter to you is to do…

The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong longing/ craving to do…

eg.(2005)The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong craving to present my unwilling decision of resignation from my present job.TIPS: 1)使用簡單句式時，詞匯能多亮就多亮。2）使用復(fù)雜句式時，詞匯可以退而求其次，但一定是越亮越好。中間必須用結(jié)構(gòu)銜接詞

1.a.Firstly, your R1 is the point I am mostly interested in/ concerned about/ disappointed with b.First and foremost, being a 身份 who , what I am most eager to express in this letter is R1, which actually impresses/ interests/ disappoints me greatly.c.In the first place, the R1,(I derive from 信息來源)is the most crucial information I am interested in.TIPS:中間部分的第一句話的表述，盡量使用中等長度，但詞匯需要偏亮

2.a.Secondly, R2 is as well another aspect I have to pay my special attention to in doing（目的）in this letter.TIPS:使用時，R2必須用亮點詞匯，且doing的表述方式必須和首段不同

b.Added to the first point(On top of the first point), the fact that R2(句子)is what I eagerly lay particular emphasis on, which proves to be fairly critical in this issue.eg.the fact that the opening hour of our library overly limited is the… c.In the second place, R2(名詞), which is believed as the major point in this matter is also where we interest/ concern/ disappoint lies in.TIPS:該組句式復(fù)雜，故詞匯可在某種程度上選擇簡單詞，但務(wù)必注意詞匯和句式要求 3.a.Eventually, R3(名詞)is obviously the last element I have to put forward in writing this letter to 目的（動詞）.TIPS:務(wù)必使用亮點名詞和動詞形式

b.Last but, by no means, least, what I am deeply concerned about in offering my 目的（名詞）is the one ,which a large majority of people focus on, namely R3（名詞）

c.In the final place, R3（名詞）is the last factor which matters/ determines/ means a lot in presenting my longing for 目的（動名）.TIPS:①中間部分必須首先出現(xiàn)框架詞匯（第一，第二，首先.etc.）

②可以對這9個句子進行隨機組合，但最好出現(xiàn)1～2個長句，建議第二、三句

③切記簡單句式使用亮點詞

④練習(xí)時，從頭到尾使用相同結(jié)構(gòu)

結(jié)尾：a.My sincere gratitude proposal/ application/ complaints has/ have to be repeated and I truly hope that everything goes smooth with you.b.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.c.Actually, I feel fairly grateful/ indeed for your kindness and attention and sincerely look forward to your quick/ prompt response.TIPS:①不允許出現(xiàn)任何語法拼寫錯誤②務(wù)必使用亮點詞匯③根據(jù)題目要求，可適當(dāng)對模型中詞匯進行改動。eg.（2007）

Dear Sir or Madam, The purpose of my writing this letter to you is to offer several useful/ essential suggestions for the service of the library of our university.First and foremost, being a student who spend most of my time in reading in our library, what I am mostly concerned about is opening hours, which actually disappoints me for the hours are fairly limited.Furthermore, the impatient attitude of employee is another aspect I put forward in presenting my proposal.Last but not least, what I am care about the development of our library is the one, which a large majority of student focus on namely the disappointing collection of books.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.復(fù)習(xí)建議：1.把開頭、中間、結(jié)尾最簡單句式進行組合 2.進行亮點詞替換

3.對小作文的中間①②③點進行任意一句長句替換

4.對最終形成的小作文版本進行真題套寫，若字數(shù)不到80，增加復(fù)雜句式，若超過130，進行句式減肥。

黃金句型

1.It is … that …(使用1～2個)出現(xiàn)在大作文中間or結(jié)尾

eg.It is the establishment of harmonious relationship that will enhance the advancement of the society.2.倒數(shù)

A.so+ adj/adv +系/助動詞+主語+（實義動詞）+that+剩余部分 如此..以至于…

So grave/ serious is the environment contamination that wild species expanding numbers have been extinct/ endangered/ on the verge of extinction.B.adj.+ though/ as 主語+系詞，主句

Effective as the government’s measures prove to be, there is still powerful/ potent…

C.Under no circumstances/ By no means/ On no occasions/ In no ways +助動詞+主語+實義動詞+剩余部分

絕不…

eg.On no occasions should on individual ignore/ deny the significance of setting up a harmonious society.D.Only when something is accomplished/ by this means/ in this way/ under this circumstance/ on this occasion +助動詞+主語+動詞

表預(yù)期結(jié)果

eg.Only by this means can the society be developed/ advanced/ propelled in a sustainable way.3.插入語（通常是第二、三段）主語和實義動詞之間，用逗號隔開 adv.:：

however, nevertheless, therefore, thereby, thus, generally adj.：

needless to say無需說 most important（of all）sure to say 介詞詞組：from my point of view, from my perspective, in my view, in my position, in my standpoint, on the contrary, in contrast.句子：

as I perceive it, as I see/ view it, I am sure/ certain, I believe/imagine/conceive 4.被選：虛擬 It is high time that sb.did sth.是…該做… 大作文攻略

一、1.時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時

2.使用人稱為第一人稱I或第三人稱（圖畫中的圖像，內(nèi)容），不許用you.3.必須分三段式：鳳頭、豬肚、豹尾 4.必須在結(jié)尾部分明確出現(xiàn)―我認為‖句式

二、復(fù)習(xí)方法

1.不限時寫作，5篇左右，不修改不檢查，但字數(shù)需上200.2.40min之內(nèi)完成，5篇左右，修改語法錯誤，替換亮點詞匯.3.30min之內(nèi)完成，5篇左右，進行中間、開頭、結(jié)尾的某1～3句的長難句替換，刪除開頭，中間，結(jié)尾所重復(fù)的內(nèi)容。

4.努力記憶自己在10篇作文中頻繁用到的，準確無誤的詞匯、句式、表達

三、邏輯思路

1.矛盾命題是靈魂，尋找積極意義是方向，開篇綜述與分述（綜述：圖畫的整體內(nèi)容即圖中英文or中文說明；分述：對圖中細節(jié)內(nèi)容描述，如若細節(jié)不描述，會扣3分左右）2.中間析因析果析趨勢 3.結(jié)尾辨證比較給策略

四、寫作方法(一)開頭

1.物法a.The picture/ drawing/ cartoon/photograph/ line/ curve/ bar graph/ pie graph describes/depicts/ reveals/ illustrates/ demonstrates an interesting phenomenon of 英文注釋/中文翻譯/自我解讀（n.,動名詞）

TIPS:盡量體現(xiàn)準確的稍有難度的圖畫內(nèi)容的詞匯。使用題目中的英文注釋時盡量替換詞匯

b.The picture vividly/ clearly reveals the interesting phenomenon/fact that+句子

eg.that there existed/ lay/seemed/ appeared an obvious contrast between the different commercial fishing situation of 1900 and 1955.2.人法 a.It is vividly/ clearly/ symbolically depicted in the picture that+綜述

b.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, 句子（綜述）

c.What is vividly depicted in the picture is that 句子（綜述）3.單圖分述：

sb.In this picture, sb.can been seen doing sth.eg.In the picture, a charming foreign girl can been seen/viewed wearing a piece of Chinese traditional/national costume smiling.sth.In this picture, sth in the drawing can been seen/ viewed advertising its ridiculous promise to the public.TIPS:單圖描述時，圖中人與物務(wù)必帶上個人色彩的修飾，該修飾詞匯能亮則亮，不能亮則可以使用第一反應(yīng)詞，第一段最少寫兩行半。

4.雙圖分述：In the first drawing, 單圖例句。On the contrary, we can see / recognized / identify 內(nèi) 容。

eg.In the first drawing, only a single commercial ship was floating/drifting on the sea while countless/innumerable/uncountable fish was swimming happily under the sea in1900.On the contrary, ninety-five years later, the number of ships over the sea was countless whereas only a lonely and poor fish was viewed was swimming under the sea.TIPS:1.開頭部分中，單圖分述時，語法務(wù)必正確，詞匯務(wù)必閃亮，信息務(wù)必詳盡。

2.開頭部分中，雙圖分述時，盡量注意兩個圖描寫時的句型差異。

3.注意加入情感元素（悲傷，孤單，驕傲…）

（二）中間----第一句話揭示寓意

1.a.直抒寓意 The purpose/goal/aim of this picture is to convey the message/implication that 寓意（句子）

eg.The purpose of these two pictures is to convey the message that providing that commercial activities stimulated by alluring profits fail to be controlled, the natural resources will be subjected to an immense loss.b.自問自答 What profound message/implication is mirrored/reflected in the picture above? Evidently/Of course,寓意（句子）

eg.Of course, some children who usually grow in the favorable conditions,(like flowers in the greenhouse,)are mostly likely to be frustrated(or even thoroughly damaged)in great difficulties(in adverse conditions).c.承上啟下

In frankness, the phenomenon reflected by the picture above is really a complex and complicated one, which should be analyzed in a practical and rational way, 寓意

。2.原因：a原因（名詞）is normally considered as the factor contributing to this issue.TIPS:該原因必須使用亮點詞匯且有修飾最好

eg.Too much love and care poured by their parents are normally…

The mutual assistance and affection in an individual’s overall development

b.A large majority of people claim/maintain/show their insight that this issue has to be dealt with carefully, the reason being that 原因（句子）

TIPS:該原因句最好用簡單句完成，詞匯盡量閃亮，但不許出語法錯誤。

3.結(jié)果：As a consequence, a/an disappointing/delightful/admirable phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that 結(jié)果（句子）

eg.The loss of family responsibility in the young generation is normally considered as the factor contributed to this issue.As a consequence, a disappointing phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that the aged/senior/elderly people in general will hardly seek out a person even among their own children to rely on and therefore live in a merciful way.4.趨勢：Assuming that this tendency tends to grow in the society, some positive/negative influence/significance will be undoubtedly resulted.TIPS:此句話要視中間段落的長度而定，同時注意positive和negative的選擇。

（三）結(jié)尾

In conclusion, what I discussed/argued/claimed above is considerably significant from my personal perspective is the determine in offering a satisfactory solution.TIPS:策略的表述務(wù)必準確地道靚麗?？刹捎脛釉~不定式、動名詞的形式表達策略的內(nèi)容。It is this strategy that has caused/attracted much attention from both the government and the public.So serious this issue/argument is that nobody shall ever overlook the necessity of dealing with it in a most efficient way.Only by this means can/will the society/human races/human being/nature/mankind/the young/the youth/the youngster/the elderly develop/advance/grow/survive in a sustainable/harmonious/wholesome/spectacular manner.大作文復(fù)習(xí)TIPS:

1.在所有給出的可選擇的句子中，挑選自己較為熟悉和擅于運用的句式框架，進而組合成完整的開頭、中間、結(jié)尾的三段式模塊；

2.使用該簡單框架時對08年以前的5年作文進行信息套入，結(jié)束后檢查句式語法錯誤； 3.依然對上面所練的5篇文章內(nèi)容進行亮點詞匯替換，并對任何一個部分中所出現(xiàn)的重復(fù)句式重復(fù)短語進行刪減or替換；

4.只使用修改后的句式框架以及亮點詞匯對真題or模擬題(3篇左右)進行完整套寫； 5.考試前主要閱讀自己最終所寫的篇章版本，對其中的亮詞，亮句進行深化記憶。

詞匯鏈接

重要：significant, crucial, essential

非常：considerably 關(guān)于：with reference to, as regard

獲得：attain, acquire 也：as well, meanwhile

如果：proving that 結(jié)果：consequence

發(fā)展：advance, advancement 快樂：delighted, delightful, pleased

不能：fail to 著名：prestigious, celebrated

大：immense, titanic 認為：claim, argue, maintain

能力：competent, competence 可能：perhaps, be likely to do

上進：aggressive, aspiring 盡管：even though, despite, in spite of

許多：quite a few, a large number of, a large amount of, a colony of + 聰明：intelligent, quick-written, talented 不許出現(xiàn)：good, bad, things

關(guān)于09年的熱點話題

一、奧運的積極意義：

1.提升中國的國際形象 promote the international image of China increase the international position/ranking in the world 2.大幅改善了城市的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，進而方便了人們的生活

improve the establishment of the infrastructure in the urban area and thereby make it more accessible for the local people to enjoy the convenience and variety.3.促進了中國與其他不同文化人民間的交流以及大大提高了中國傳統(tǒng)文化在國際社會的認可度和知名度

enhance the mutual/reciprocal communication between Chinese people and those from other culture and largely improve the popularity and recognition of Chinese tradition culture in the international world/community.二、個人成長

1.優(yōu)良品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng) cultivation of fine qualities of a person persevering堅韌 persistent堅持 competent能力

cooperative and competitive合作與競爭 tolerant and sympathetic寬容與同情

2.來自于社會、家庭和個人的共同努力 the joint/corporate efforts/endeavors distributed by the society, family and individual.3.身心健康的和諧發(fā)展

a harmonious and satisfactory development both bodily and spiritually.三、經(jīng)濟

1.潛在經(jīng)濟困難和經(jīng)濟危機

potential economic pressure and crisis across the globe 2.在嚴峻的局勢下，中國政府和公眾展示了極大的決心和信心

in such an adverse financial situation, both the government and the public have manifested strong resolution and confident to conquer the possible recession.3.如此成果主要歸功于政府的有效舉措和社會各部門的配合

such success shall be attributed to the powerful measures from the central and local government and the satisfactory cooperation between different social organs.

第三篇：新東方筆記總結(jié)語法+詞匯

第1課

如果想達到85分以上，詞匯應(yīng)該錯6個以內(nèi)。

Jump for the sun, at least you land on the moon.目標定的高一點有好處。

4200單詞要求對于4級考試，高三畢業(yè)是1800個單詞。

我喜歡這里： I like here.Right: I like it here.I can succeed.Right: I can do it.I can make it.注意生活中的英語： Nike勝利女神。Just do it.生活中的英語： Did you have a pleasant journey?(這時要用降調(diào))

I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me.Oh, thank god!He’s not the president now.(我很害怕)I was just screwed up.(我一團糟)四級考試中常見的考察詞匯的題型：

I 押韻題型（押頭韻、押尾韻）；

答案總在相似中，如果有三個一樣，基本上就在其中了。

54.The rain was heavy and _A_ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently

continue v.繼續(xù)，連續(xù)； continually adv.時斷時續(xù)地； continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地。

說不停的咳嗽時，continually是間歇的時斷時續(xù)的咳嗽，continuously是一直不停的咳嗽。

consequently adv.因此，所以；(heavy rain大雨, light rain小雨)constantly adv.始終如一地，連續(xù)發(fā)生地；constant temperature 恒溫

consistently adv.一貫地，一致地； consistent adj.consistent policy 一貫的政策。

36.I hate people who _C_ the end of a film that you haven't seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse

rewrite v.重寫，改寫； revise vt.修改，修正； reveal vt.揭示，揭露；

reverse vt.顛倒，使反轉(zhuǎn)，使反向。(vers是詞根，表示轉(zhuǎn)動；re是前綴，表示向相反方向)42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available

performance n.表演，演出，演奏； perform vt.possible adj.可能的

動詞后加able構(gòu)成形容詞通常表示“可…的” read-> readable accept-> acceptable consider vt.考慮； considerable adj.(數(shù)量或尺寸)相當(dāng)大(或多)的。

preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

available* adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。(重點詞)

33.In general, the amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total _D_ for living expenses.A acceptable B applicable C advisable D available living expenses 生活費； acceptable adj.可接受的；

apply vt.申請，應(yīng)用； applicable adj.可應(yīng)用的，適當(dāng)?shù)?，合適的；

advise vt.建議； advice n.建議； advisable adj.明智的，可取的。

54.It is our _A_ policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.A consistent B continuous C considerate D continual

achieve unity through peaceful means 通過和平手段取得統(tǒng)一； consistent policy 一貫政策

II 構(gòu)詞法題型(詞的轉(zhuǎn)化，合成，派生)；

構(gòu)成符合形容詞的名詞和數(shù)量詞一律用單數(shù)。(見下面2個例題)

31.Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot the _B_ movie could not hold our 1 attention.A three-hours B three-hour C three-hours’ D three-hour’s 267.Professor White wrote a _C_ report yesterday.A two-thousand-words B two-thousands-word C two-thousand-word D two-thousands-words

以ly結(jié)尾的不全是副詞； friendly, lonely, lovely, likely, lively adj.考試中常見的否定前綴： un-、dis-、in-、im-

56._B_ his sister, Jack is quiet and does not easily make friends with others.A Dislike B Unlike C Alike D Liking

like vt.喜歡； dislike vt.不喜歡，厭惡； unlike prep.不象…；

alike adj.& adv.同樣的(地)，相象的(地)； liking n.愛好，嗜好；

take a liking for喜歡…，對…產(chǎn)生好感。

III近義詞含義比較；

44.There were some _A_ flowers on the table.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal

unreal adj.不真實的(不是真實世界所擁有的，虛幻的)； Ends justify means 不擇手段；

false adj.具有欺騙性的，假的，偽造的； false coin/passport/hair，a false tooth/false teeth unnatural adj.不自然的，經(jīng)常用來修飾人的行為舉止，表示做作的，矯揉造作的。

artificial adj.人造人為的 artificial leg 假肢artificial leather 人造皮 genuine leather 真皮

54.When people become unemployed, it is _C_ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability

laziness n.懶惰； poverty n.貧窮； poor adj.貧窮的；

idleness n.無事可做(中性，有時也有貶義含義)； inability n.沒有能力，沒有辦法。

69.A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen.They are a thorough _A_.A nuisance B trouble C worry D anxiety

invade 進攻，侵略； nuisance n.(具體的)令人討厭的東西； trouble n.煩惱，麻煩，問題；

worry n.擔(dān)心，發(fā)愁； anxiety n.焦慮。What a nuisance.真是煩。

IV 搭配關(guān)系問題；

extent n.程度； to...extent 到達…程度，在…程度之上； extent 只能和to搭配。

object vi.反對； object + to + 動名詞（動詞的ing形式）。

objection n.反對； objection + to + 動名詞（動詞的ing形式）。

V 形相近，意相遠；

65.In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _A_ spring.A late B last C latter D later

late adj.晚的，晚于通常時間的； late spring 晚春、暮春； last adj.最后的，最終的；

later adj.更晚的（late的比較級）、時間概念后一半的；只適用于表示某個世紀的后半期；

The later twentieth century.二十世紀的后一半。

latter adj.（兩者中）后者的； former adj.（兩者中）前者的；

59.Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _B_ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels

battery n.電池； bargain n.特價商品； It’s really a bargain.你真會買東西，不是說真便宜。

basket n.籃子； barrel n.桶； wonderful bargain 物美價廉的商品；bargain v.討價還價；

53.Remember that customers don’t _D_ about prices in that city.2 A debate B consult C dispute D bargain-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------

41.The bridge was named _A_ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from

cause 事業(yè)； be named after 以…的名字命名；

42.There were no tickets _D_ for Friday’s performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available preferable adj.更好的，更可取的；

358._C_ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Preferable to

具有比較意味的形容詞只要與介詞to搭配即可表示其比較級。super-表示在…上方，超過… inferior adj.低于…的，劣于…的； superior adj.高于…的，優(yōu)于…的； prior adj.在…之前的Revolutionary War 特指美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭；second adj.第二的（含有比較意味，也與to搭配）

He is second to none.首屈一指，無與倫比；

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

43.It wasn't such a good dinner _C_ she had promised us.A that B which C as D what

such … that … 如此… 以至于… ； sb + be + ___ + sth 空格處應(yīng)為能加雙賓語的動詞；

加雙賓語的動詞的用法：動詞 + sb + sth（主動形式）； sb + be + pp + sth（被動形式）；

59.American women were _D_ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.[the right to vote 選舉權(quán)]

A ignored B neglected C refused D denied deny v.否認，拒絕；deny sb sth 拒絕給予某人某物；

44.They decided to chase the cow away _C_ it did more damage.A unless B until C before D although

45._B_ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A Each B Any C Either D One

common sense 常識； each 這個詞在英語中強調(diào)的是個體與眾不同的特點；

any 這個詞強調(diào)的是很多東西在一起的共性； either 兩者之間任何一個；

31.The medicine is on sale everywhere.You can get it at _C_ chemist’s.A each B some C any D certain

46.All _D_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed

當(dāng)all作定語從句的先行詞時，從句只能用that來引導(dǎo)； all that = what

47._A_ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing

本題的關(guān)鍵是弄清compare與mountain的關(guān)系； when 可以直接加過去分詞；

before(after)+ being + 過去分詞；

44.After _A_ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed They lose their health to make money, and they lose their money to restore health.48._C_ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.[專家] A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whom

C It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that

本題重點是強調(diào)句式； 當(dāng)被強調(diào)部分指人且在句子中作賓語時，其余部分可用whom引導(dǎo)；

49.If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _D_.A suit B set C one D pair

50.Many new _A_ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities 51.He must have had an accident, or he _A_ then.A would have been here B had to be here C should be here D would be here must have + 過去分詞 表示對過去行為的肯定推測；

與過去事態(tài)相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去分詞 來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣；

must 一定，必須； needn't, don't have to 不必；

53.You _A_ all those calculations!We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A needn’t have done B must not have done C shouldn’t have done D can not have done

should have + 過去分詞 本應(yīng)該，本應(yīng)當(dāng)； shouldn't have done本不應(yīng)該，本不應(yīng)當(dāng)；

44.It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _D_ it.A mustn’t have done B wouldn’t have done C mightn’t have done D didn’t have to do

52.It was essential that the applications forms _C_ back before the deadline.A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent

It be essential that 后面一定用虛擬語氣，且句子謂語動詞固定為(should)+ 動詞原型；

It was essential that the applications forms send back before the deadline.53.We _D_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had when 還可以表示①剛..就…（有動作先后關(guān)系）、②恰在此時；

44.I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _D_ I heard voices.A as B while C after D when

45.I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _C_ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unless B until C when D while

46.It was essential that these application forms _D_ back as early as possible.A must be sent B will be sent C are sent D be sent

第2課

非謂語動詞與獨立主格：短語，句子（或者句子，短語）

1.當(dāng)短語部分有獨立主語，并且該主語不同于句子主語，這時短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨立主格。（它最明顯的特點是短語部分有獨立的主語）。

獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞]

現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動的，正在進行的行為；過去分詞表示被動的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。作題時要通過判斷動作與名詞（代詞）之間的關(guān)系來確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。當(dāng)動作由名詞（代詞）發(fā)出時使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞（代詞）是受動者時則用過去分詞。

54.Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _B_ it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followed

49.All things _A_, the planned trip will have to be called off.A considered B be considered C considering D having considered

call off 取消； cancel vt.取消； 四級中的考點就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別。

獨立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞（代詞）+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語]

36.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged as well as 和（相當(dāng)于and）； be encouraged不會考。

動詞不定式有預(yù)示將來行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵；

been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵完了，與主句的謂語動詞相對；being encouraged 正在被鼓勵

2.短語部分沒有獨立主語，則短語結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語動詞。

非謂語動詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞（分詞短語）

句子的主語決定非謂語動詞中的分詞是用主動還是被動形式。如果是句子的主語發(fā)出動作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞；如果動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出，則使用過去分詞。

43.No matter how frequently _A_, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed perform vt.表演，演出，演奏；

to be performed 將要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；

一些特殊的動詞：

第一點：forget 忘記； [反義] remember 記得；

這兩個詞后加動詞不定式表示將要進行的行為；這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過的事情。

注意：動名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個詞后加動詞ing形式都是動名詞。

forget to do sth.忘記要去做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過某事；

remember to do sth.記得要去做某事； remember doing sth.記得做過某事；

62.I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him offer vt.提出，提供； offer sb.sth./ offer to do sth.him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。

動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個動詞的后面可以加動名詞，就可以加動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

動作發(fā)出者 + 動名詞；當(dāng)動作發(fā)出者名字給出時：名詞所有格 + 動名詞；當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動作發(fā)出者在前文中提過時：形容詞物主代詞（賓格）+ 動名詞。

形容詞物主代詞：his, her, my, your, their, our。代詞賓格：him, her, me, you, us, them。

第二點：want 想要； want to do sth.想做某事； want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。

48.Your hair wants _B_.You'd better have it done tomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut 注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動含義。

18.This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned

第三點：mean 意味； mean to do sth.打算做某事，意欲… ；mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…

25.There's a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble.[reception desk 接待臺]

A making B to make C to have made D having made

5-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------55.The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected watch 看電視用，看比賽用； see 看電影用；

感官動詞watch, see, hear； 感官動詞 + 名詞（代詞）+ do

be erected 強調(diào)的是動作的結(jié)果； being erected 強調(diào)的是動作的過程。

56.The engine _D_ smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off

give up 放棄； give in 屈服，讓步； give off 釋放，放出（煙和氣體）；

give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲；婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過程；贈送禮品。

57.The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing

keep sb.+ 分詞； inform v.通知，告知； inform sb.of sth.通知某人某件事情

keep me informed 使我被告知。

60.The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at which

fight with sb.（注意要看整個句子）； fight with + 工具 用該工具來打仗。fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。

I fight with him.我和他打起來了。I fight with him against her.我和他并肩對付她。

61.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over all

all in all 總而言之；above all 首先，尤其是；after all 畢竟，終究；overall 全面的，總體的in a word 總之，in short 簡而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。

62._B_ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now

now that 既然，由于（相當(dāng)于since）； ever since 自從…以來。

與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個表達形式：

now that 既然，由于； in that 因為； except that 除…之外。

except后面加名詞或代詞；except that后面加句子。

63.What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to

be attached to 連接，附屬； This school is attached to Beida.這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。

responsible to 對…負有責(zé)任； resistant adj.反抗的，抵抗的； water resistant 防水的。

be contrary to 與..相反（相違背）。

64.John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going

regret doing 后悔做過某事； regret to do sth.遺憾的做某事（應(yīng)用語境非常有限）。

63.We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice

out of work 失業(yè)； out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著； out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。

65.They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward in spite of 盡管； carry on 堅持，繼續(xù)。

66.Mrs.Brown is supposed _A_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left

be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)該（理應(yīng)）做某事。

37.He’s watching TV? He’s _D_ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposed regard as 把…認作

67.My camera can be _B_ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied

treat 對待，處理； I’ll treat you.我請客，應(yīng)用于真正請客之前。It’s on me.應(yīng)用于結(jié)帳時。

adjust vt.調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)； adopt vt.收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)； remedy vt.彌補，補救，修正；

68.A new technique _C_, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked out

C having been worked out D to have been worded out yields 產(chǎn)量； work out 作出，推出

關(guān)于百分數(shù)之前介詞的用法

increase to 80 percent 增加到80%（增加到用to）

increase by 60 percent增加了60%（表示增加的幅度用by）

55.Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _A_ 27%.A by B for C to D in

69.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _C_.A hurt B damaged C spoiled D harmed spoil vt.寵壞，溺愛

70.When Mr.Jones gets old, he will _B_ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D get

take over 接管接收； hand over 移交，交出； think over 仔細考慮； get over 克服，戰(zhàn)勝。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------

41.We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have _A_ one this month.A another B more C the other D other

不定代詞：1 兩者中的一個用one；另一個則用the other； 2 很多東西中的一個用one；

剩下的所有叫the others； 3 很多東西中的一個用one；剩下的所有里面再拿一個叫another；

在剩下的里面再拿一個還叫another（單數(shù)概念）； 4 很多東西中拿了若干出來用some；

剩下所有叫others； other 后通常要加可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式； more 要用在數(shù)詞的后面

once more 再來一個（用于很不正式的場合）vravo 再來一個（用于正式場合）

44.No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _A_.A the other B any other C another D other neither 兩者中任意一者都不

42.It was difficult to guess what her _B_ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinion reaction n.反應(yīng)； reaction to 對…作出反應(yīng)。

43.I decided to go to the library as soon as I _D_.A finish what I did B finished what I did

C would finish what I was doing D finished what I was doing

as soon as所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句與主句的時態(tài)搭配有一種情況是主從句都用一般過去時。

45.We are interested in the weather because it _B_ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effects

affect vt.影響； effect n.影響。

46.Will all those _D_ the proposal raise their hands?

A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of in relation to 與…相比； in contrast to 與…形成對照；

in excess of 超過，超出（一定的限定范圍）； in favor of 贊同，支持。

47.Children are very curious _D_.A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature

at heart 在心理，在內(nèi)心； heart 強調(diào)的是內(nèi)心的感情，mind 強調(diào)的是思維，頭腦，soul 靈魂

in person 親自，本人； on purpose 有意的，故意的； by nature 生性（天性）使然。

48.The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court.A objected to having B were objected to have C objected to have D were objected to having

58.The man in the corner confessed to _B_ a lie to the manager of the company.A have told B having told C being told D be told confess v.懺悔； confess to 承認，坦白。

49.The teacher doesn’t permit _C_ in class.A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke

permit v.允許，準許； permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事； permit doing 允許做某事。

-------------------------2000-06-------------------------

21.As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _D_ it.A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel

22.These books, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you _A_ you need.A all the information B all the informations C all of information D all of the informations

23.Not until the game had begun _C_ at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived 24.Young people are not _B_ to stand and look at works of art;they want art they can participate in.[參與，參加]

A conservative B content C confident D generous

conservative adj.保守的； conservative party 保守黨； content adj.甘愿的，滿足的；

confident adj.自信的，有信心的； generous adj.慷慨的，大方的。

25.Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _C_.A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied

maintain 堅持認為； medium n.媒體單數(shù)，media n.媒體復(fù)數(shù)；

grant vt.授予，給予； imply vt.隱含，暗示； exaggerate v.夸大，夸張，高估；

remedy vt.彌補，補救，修正。

26.These surveys indicate that many crimes go _A_ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.[victims 受害人]

A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded 27.I have no objection _B_ your story again.[object to + 動名詞] A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard

28.The clothes a person wears may express his _B_ or social position.A curiosity B status C determination D significance status n.身份，地位； significance n.意義，重要性；

29.By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _D_ opportunity to change his mind.A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate

accurate adj.精確的； urgent adj.緊急的，緊迫的； excessive adj.過多的，過度的；

adequate adj.充足的，足夠的。

30.You will see this product _B_ wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advertise D advertising

31.The early pioneers had to _C_ many hardships to settle on the new land.A go along with B go back on C go through D go into go through 經(jīng)歷

32.The suggestion that the major _B_ the prizes was accepted by everyone.A would present B present C presents D ought to present

suggestion, suggest 所引導(dǎo)的句子都用虛擬語氣。should +（動詞原形）

34.Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested _B_ at the next town.A to stop B stopping C stop D having stopped suggest + doing也可以

33.Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers, _A_ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.A whose B which C that D what whose指代的就是他前面的male drinkers.35.I didn't know the word.I had to _C_ a dictionary.A look out B make out C refer to D go over

look up 查閱； look up a word in a dictionary 在字典中查單詞；

reference n.參考書目； reference room 資料室；

36.The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _D_ his arguments in favour of the new theory.[sufficient 充足的，足夠的；grounds 論據(jù)；arguments 論點] A to be based on B to base on C which to base on D on which to base

base vt.以…作基礎(chǔ)，基于… which引導(dǎo)從句時，如果從句是介詞結(jié)尾則介詞應(yīng)在which之前。

on which(he is)to base

37.There are signs _A_ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.A that B which C in which D whose

sign n.跡象； fact n.事實； evidence n.證據(jù)；后面常加同位語從句來說明具體內(nèi)容。

同位語從句用that（不能省略）引導(dǎo)。

38.I think I was at school, _A_ I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.[or else 否則，要不然]

A or else B and then C or so D even so

39.It is said that the math teacher seems _A_ towards bright students.A partial B beneficial C preferable D liable

partial adj.偏袒的，偏愛的（經(jīng)常與to或towards搭配）

40.In order to show his boss what a careful worker he was, he took _C_ trouble over the figures.[figures 數(shù)目，數(shù)據(jù)；extra 額外的，附加的]

A extensive B spare C extra D supreme

41.“I'm sorry.Mr.Williams _A_ to a conference long before then.” A will have gone B had gone C would have gone D has gone

當(dāng)要表達將來的行為在將來的某時間之前完成用將來完成時，將來完成時結(jié)構(gòu)：will have + p.p.42.You _D_ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.A shouldn't follow B mustn't follow

C couldn't' have been following D shouldn't have been following should have + p.p.本應(yīng)該； shouldn’t have + p.p.本不應(yīng)該

43.The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _D_ more women to take advantage of employment opportunities.A have allowed B allow C allowing D allows

part-time 兼職； full-time 全職； flexible working patterns 彈性工作制； training 培訓(xùn)；

retraining 再培訓(xùn)； take advantage 利用；

44.Everybody _A_ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.A assembled B accumulated C piled D joined assembled 聚集； secretary 書記。

45.Putting in a new window will _B_ cutting away part of the roof.A include B involve C contain D comprise involve 引起，與…直接有關(guān)

46.Living in the western part of the country has its problems, _C_ obtaining fresh water is not the least.[the least 最高級]

A with which B for which C of which D which

42.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, _C_ obtaining water is not the least.[the least 最高級]

A for which B to which C of which D in which

47.In the _C_ of the project not being a success, the investors stand to lose up to million.[in the event of 萬一，如果]

A face B time C event D course

in the face of 面對； in the time of 在…時期； in the course of 在…期間。

48.The manager would rather his daughter _D_ in the same office.A had not worked B not to work C does not work D did not work

would rather + 動詞原形； would rather + 句子（用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時）

49._D_, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A Although much he likes her B Much although he likes her C As he likes her much D Much as he likes her

如果用although引導(dǎo)則應(yīng)改成：Although he likes her very much, …

50.The British constitution is _B_ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.[無論是在空格前還是后，如果出現(xiàn)了名詞extent要找介詞就著to] A within B to C by D at to a large extent 在很大程度上。

第3課

倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。

謂語部分所有單詞都放在主語前是全部倒裝。謂語的一部分放在主語的前面是部分倒裝。

謂語中的一部分通常是指：

1、系動詞；

2、助動詞；

3、情態(tài)動詞。

全部倒裝的五條原則：

1.There be句型（表示有）；

2.以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語動詞為come或go；

There you go again.你又去那里了。

3.以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語動詞為系動詞be； Here you are.拿去。

4.以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子；

在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語是代詞則用陳述句語序。

5.以狀語（常見的是地點狀語）開頭的句子。

部分倒裝的六條原則：

1.so放在句首時表示承前肯定，這個句子用部分倒裝；

nor, neither放在句首時表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；

2.省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個提到從句最前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

3.as, though表示“盡管”時引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；

系動詞后面的部分就是表語，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語可以置于系動詞之后。

例如：She is beautiful.They are students.四級考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語的形式。

26._B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published

當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個從句，且as前為一個空格時他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語。

being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。

此句恢復(fù)正常語序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time … 4.表示否定含義的單詞或短語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；

常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly(… when), scarcely(… when)；

seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。

常見的一些表示否定含義的短語：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；

under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。

5.only + 狀語放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）

43.Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen

freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補，補償； make-up tests 補考（緩考）。

6.注意兩個表達形式：come what may 無論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。

-------------------------1991-06-------------------------強調(diào)句式的補充內(nèi)容：被強調(diào)部分是疑問詞時的情況。

60.When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is prevent sb.from doing sth.妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。

強調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …

又因為句中有疑問詞，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so...11 但強調(diào)句式在句中作賓語成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that … 50.I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go

than 除構(gòu)成固定短語外就要與比較級搭配，不會單獨出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動詞原形；

平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時應(yīng)做的兩步： 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。

51.I appreciate _D_ to your home.A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited appreciate + 動名詞（不能加動詞原形，不能加句子）。

41.I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep your keeping 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。you keeping 也是正確的。

52.I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.A regard B counting C account D observation take sth.into account 考慮。

54.Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in

55.When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.A got off B got across C got away D got over got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。

56.Many people complain of the rapid _C_ of modern life.A rate B speed C pace D growth

pace 節(jié)奏； rapid pace of modern life現(xiàn)在生活快節(jié)奏。

57.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles _B_.A is rarely B rarely is C hardly is D is scarcely

rarely, usually 都是頻度副詞。通常頻度副詞的位置在系動詞之后，表示實在意思的詞前面。

58.The speaker, _D_ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by the audience.A having known B being known C knowing D known

know 沒有現(xiàn)在分詞；know 用主動形式時只能和兩個介詞搭配：of, about。

known for 以…而著名。

60.I couldn’t find _A_, and so I took this one.A a large enough coat B an enough large coat C a large coat enough D a coat enough large enough 修飾形容詞時要放到形容詞后面。

61.I always _B_ what I have said.A get to B hold to C lead to D see to

本題所有選項中的to都是介詞，其后加動詞動名詞的形式。

hold to 堅守，信守； see to 負責(zé)做，處理，照料（后面加的都是某件事情，不加人）

62.No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _C_ we all sat down to rest.A when B then C than D until no sooner … than 一…就…

63.Evidence came up _C_ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B which C that D whose

evidence 證據(jù)、sign 跡象、fact 事實，后面都要帶同位語從句，且從句用that引導(dǎo)。

64.He moved away from his parents, and missed them _A_ enjoy the exciting life in New York.[too … to，太…而不能…]

A too much to B enough to C very much to D much so as to 65.He was _C_ of having asked such a silly question.A sorry B guilty C ashamed D miserable

guilty adj.有罪的； be ashamed of 因…而羞愧（不好意思）的； miserable adj.悲慘的。

66.The last time we had a family reunion was _B_ my brother's wedding ceremony four years ago.A in B at C during D over

ceremony n.典禮，儀式。要表達在某典禮（儀式）上用介詞at。

at the graduation ceremony 在畢業(yè)典禮上。

67.What _A_ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?

A do you suppose B you suppose C will you suppose D you would suppose do you supposed 常做插入語。

68._D_ the advances of science, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us.[despite prep.盡管； as for 關(guān)于，至于] A As for B Besides C Except D Despite

69.How close parents are to their children _B_ a strong influence on the character of the children.A have B has C having D to have

influence on 對…造成影響，很大的影響中形容詞用的是strong。

70.He _A_ when the bus came to a sudden stop.A was almost hurt B was hurt himself C was to hurt himself D was hurting himself hurt oneself 自殘； be to + 動詞原形，將要做某事；

-------------------------1993-06-------------------------

41.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her examination.A to prepare B to be prepared C preparing D being prepared be busy doing sth.忙于做某事

42.Five minutes earlier, _A_ we could have caught the last train.A and B but C or D an order

and 在這里表示一種結(jié)果，翻譯成“那么（和）”。只有兩種情況下and才會這樣翻譯：

1.省略句 ＋ and + 句子； 2.祈使句 ＋ and + 句子。

47.Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _B_ advertisements showing happy balanced families.A are often seeing B will often see C often see D have often seen

43.I cannot give you _D_ for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.A an expense B a charge C a purchase D an order order n.定購，訂單； purchase n.購買。

45.By the end of this month, we surely _C_ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A have found B will be finding C will have found D are finding 如果一個句子的時間狀語是由by引導(dǎo)的，則時態(tài)要選擇完成時態(tài)。

將來的行為在將來的某個時間之前就已完成用將來完成時。

solution to a problem 一個問題的解決方案。

46.Mr.Wilson said that he did not want to _A_ any further responsibilities.A take on B get on C put up D look up take on 承擔(dān)； take on responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任。

47.Having no money but _B_ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyone B not wanting anyone C wanted no one D to want no one dinner n.正餐（多指晚餐）； supper n.夜宵，晚餐； breakfast n.早餐； lunch n.午餐；

brunch n.早午餐。[but前后的句子要平衡]

48.We desire that the tour leader _A_ us immediately of any change in plans.A inform B informs C informed D has informed

desire v.要求，表要求時后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，(should)+ 動詞原形。

其他同樣用法的詞還有ask, demand, request, require.49.Not _B_, the process of choosing names varies widely from culture to culture.A obviously B surprisingly C particularly D normally not surprisingly 一點也不奇怪。vary vi.變化。

vary from … to … 從一種形式變化到另一種形式。vary between … and … 在兩者之間進行變化。

29.Features such as height, weight, and skin color _B_ from individual to individual and from face to face.A change B vary C alter D convert

individual n.個人，個體； individualism n.個人主義。

44.The hope, goals, fears and desires _D_ widely between men and women, between the rich and the poor.A alter B shift C transfer D vary

50.A man escaped from the prison last night.It was a long time _A_ the guards discovered what had happened.A before B until C since D when

It + 系動詞 + 一段時間 + before引導(dǎo)的句子 在…之前花費多少時間。

54.Scientists say it may be five or ten years _D_ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A since B when C after D before

51.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye _D_ the developments and recorded every detail.[keep a watchful eye on 密切主意，留神] A in B at C for D on

52.There's little chance that mankind would _D_ a nuclear war.A retain B endure C maintain D survive

retain vt.保持，保留； endure v.忍受； maintain vt.維持，保持，堅持認為；

survive vi.生存； vt.活過 …（賓語為某種災(zāi)難）。survive a flood 活過一場洪水。

前綴sur表示過 …，外，超； vive 表示生活，強調(diào)活著。

54.They usually have less money at the end of the month than _C_ at the beginning.A which is B which was C they have D it is

less … than句子前后要平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

55.In the course of a day students do far more than just _A_ classes.14 A attend B attended C to attend D attending

far more than 遠遠多于，遠不止于；也要句子前后平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。

56.The French pianist [n.鋼琴師] who had been praised very highly _C_ to be a great disappointment.A turned up B turned in C turned out D turned down

turn up 后面不加賓語表示出現(xiàn)，后面加賓語表示將聲音調(diào)高，調(diào)大；

turn in + 賓語 上繳，交出； turn down 將聲音調(diào)低，調(diào)??；拒絕；

refuse sb.指直接的回絕； turn sb.down 則指委婉的拒絕；

turn out + 動詞不定式 最終證明是，結(jié)果是。

57.Many difficulties have _B_ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.A risen B arisen C raised D arrived

因本句未加賓語，估不應(yīng)選不及物動詞，可排除C項； arrive vi.到達，抵達；

rise vi.升起，升高（側(cè)重指旗幟或太陽升起）；數(shù)量的增高（側(cè)重指水位、價位）；

the sun rises in the east and sets in the west 太陽東升西落。

arise vi.升起，升高，出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生（經(jīng)常與抽象名詞聯(lián)用）。

69.A completely new situation will _B_ when the examination system comes into existence.A arise B rise C raise D arouse

33.Last year the advertising rate _D_ by 20 percent.A raised B aroused C arose D rose

58.He made such a _D_ contribution to the university that they are naming one of the new buildings after him.A genuine B minimum C modest D generous

name after 以…的名字來命名。genuine adj.真正的，貨真價實的； genuine leather 真皮；

minimum adj.最低的，最小的； modest adj.謙虛謹慎的，適度的；

generous adj.慷慨的，慷慨大方的（修飾貢獻等用這個）。

59.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _D_, of course, made the others jealous.A who B that C what D which

which在這里是引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句有2個特點：

1.which前面有逗號與其他句子分開。2.which指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

as也可以引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，指的都是一句話的內(nèi)容。

which指一句話的內(nèi)容只能置于該句之后，而as既可以在后也可以在前。

67._C_ is known to the world, Mark Twain is great American writer.A That B Which C As D It

60.In the advanced course students must take performance tests at monthly _B_.A gaps B intervals C length D distance

interval n.間隔（即可指空間間隔，也可指時間間隔），四級考試中專考時間間隔的概念。

interval是固定與介詞at搭配的。

23.Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular _D_.A gaps B rate C length D intervals

at regular rate 以規(guī)則的速度； at regular interval 以規(guī)則的時間間隔；

61.Mr.Johnson preferred _A_ heavier work to do.A to be given B to be giving C to have given D having given

64.Our company decided to _D_ the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met.A destroy B resist C assume D cancel 65.She is _C_ a musician than her brother.A much of B much as C more of D more as be of 具有某種性質(zhì)、品質(zhì)或特點；

66.Having been found guilty, the man was given a severe _B_ by the judge.A service B sentence C crime D crisis

sentence n.判決，判刑； crisis n.危機； economic crisis 經(jīng)濟危機；

68.The residents, _C_ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.A all their homes B all whose homes C all of whose homes D all of their homes 當(dāng)給出了句子的主語，且后面有兩部分謂語動詞，這兩部分謂語動詞之間又沒有連接詞，時態(tài)也不同時，離主語近的謂語動詞應(yīng)為從句的組合成分。

69.You can't afford to let the situation get worse.You must take _D_ to put it right.A decisions B directions C sides D steps

take steps 采取措施，采取行動； take measures 采取措施；

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed if only 如果，要是...就好了，其后面的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

1.如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾?，這時謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

2.如果if only后面的句子表示與過去的事實相反，這時謂語動詞用過去完成時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

如果if only后面的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦嵪喾矗@時謂語動詞用一般過去時，也可以用would + 動詞原形。

-------------------------1995-06-------------------------

42.Mark often attempts to escape _C_ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A having been fined B to have been fined C being fined B to be fined escape + 動名詞。

44.It is recommended that the project _A_ until all the preparations have been made.A not be started B will not be started C is not started D is not to be started

recommend vt.推薦，建議，后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞的形式：(should)+ 動詞原形

45.I wish I _D_ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept

wish 后面的句子要用虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。

might經(jīng)常被翻譯成或許。

46.We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _D_ him.A had telephoned B must have telephoned C would telephone D would have telephoned

otherwise, or等表示“否則”的詞，后面句子都要用虛擬語氣。

48.While people may refer to television for up-to-minute news [最新的消息], it is unlikely that television _A_ the newspaper completely.16 A will replace B have replaced C replace D replaced

49.An Olympic Marathon [馬拉松] is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately [大約] _B_ from Marathon to Athens [雅典].A distance B the distance C is the distance D the distance is

50.You will want two trees about ten feet apart, from _D_ to suspend your tent.A there B them C where D which

介詞 + which + 動詞不定式(to do sth.)整體做定語。

本句可改寫為：You will want two tress about ten feet apart, to suspend your tent from.只要見到有介詞出現(xiàn)在空格之前，而選項中有which, them, there, where等詞則應(yīng)選which。

51.As I was just getting familiar with this job, I had _C_ to ask my boss.A many B most C much D more

當(dāng)many沒有修飾任何其他詞而單獨出現(xiàn)時表示很多人。much在這里相當(dāng)于many things。

52._A_ quite recently, most mothers in Britain did not take paid work outside the home.A Until B Before C From D Since

until recently 直到最近； not surprisingly 一點也不奇怪。

53.The survival of civilization as we know it is _C_ threat.A within B towards C under D upon under threat 受到威脅。

55.In some countries, _D_ is called “equality” [平等] does not really mean equal rights for all people.A which B one C that D what

that可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，但只做引導(dǎo)詞而不充當(dāng)任何成分。

56.I walked too much yesterday and _A_ are still aching now.A my leg muscles B my muscles of leg C my leg's muscles D my muscles of the leg 英語中一個名詞修飾另外一個名詞時第一個名詞要用單數(shù)。apple trees, eye drops 57.Radio, television and press _B_ of conveying news and information.A are the most three common means B are the three most common means C are the most common three means D are three the most common means

幾個詞修飾一個名詞時修飾詞的順序應(yīng)為：1.定冠詞the應(yīng)該放在最前面（離名詞最遠）的位置；

2.數(shù)詞應(yīng)放在第二位；3.最后考慮其他形容詞。

58.Liquids are like solids _C_ they have a definite volume.A with that B for that C in that D at that

三個與that的搭配的表達形式：now that, in that [因為], except that。

59.When a fire _C_ at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed.A broke off B broke down C broke out D broke up break out（火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭）突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)；

60.The destruction of these treasures was a loss for mankind that no amount of money could _D_.[make up for 彌補]

A stand up to B put up with C come up with D make up for

61.Then the speaker _B_ the various factors leading to the present economic crisis.A went after B went into C went for D went on

go after 追求，設(shè)法得到； go into 談?wù)?，敘述?go for 襲擊/支持； go on 繼續(xù)。

62.The students was just about to _C_ the questions, when suddenly he found the answer A arrive at B submit to C give up D work out

63.When there are small children around, it is necessary to put bottles of pills out of _B_.A hand B reach C hold D place

out of reach 夠不著； within reach 夠得找。

64.The _D_ of blood always makes him feel sick.A form B look C view D sight

form n.形式，形狀； view n.風(fēng)景，景色/視野，視域； look 指的是主觀有意識的看；

sight n.看見，瞥見（不強調(diào)主客觀）。

66.Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as _B_ sickness A normal B ordinary C average D regular

sickness of mind 精神??； normal adj.正常的； average adj.平均的，中等水平的；

regular adj.有規(guī)律的，規(guī)則的； ordinary sickness 一般性疾病。

68.Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _C_ to his confusion.A extended B amounted C added [add to 增加] D turned 70.It took him several months to ___ the wild horse.A tend B cultivate C tame D breed

tame vt.馴服； breed 強調(diào)的是繁殖，側(cè)重指大批量的繁殖。

It take sb.sometime to do sth.做某事花了某人多少時間。

第4課

主謂一致：指的就是給出主語，要求判斷謂語動詞是用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的問題。

一、就近原則：

指句子的主語由兩部分單詞或短語構(gòu)成時，由離謂語動詞近的那部分主語來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。

只有當(dāng)以下單詞或短語連接主句的兩部分時就近原則才適用：

1.or 或者； 2.either … or … 不是…就是…，…或… ； 3.neither … nor … 既不…也不… ；

4.not only … but also … 不但…而且… ； 5.not … but … 不是…而是… 例如：主語1 or 主語2 謂語動詞。此時由主語2決定謂語動詞。

10._C_ either he or his accountants going to claim for the loss? A Are B Where C Is D Does

如果題目改變?yōu)椋篍ither he or his accountants ___ going … 則應(yīng)選A

二、句子謂語動詞一定用復(fù)數(shù)的兩種情況：

1.集合名詞做主語，集合名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，因為他本身就代表一個復(fù)數(shù)概念。

常見的幾個復(fù)合名詞： people 人民，人們； police 警察； cattle 牛； poultry 家禽。

2.表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 不可數(shù)名詞，整體做主語時

例如：去年出口了八百萬頓煤。Eight million tons of coal were exported last year.三、謂語動詞一定用單數(shù)的六種情況：

1.句子的主語是由從句充當(dāng)?shù)?、動詞不定式短語作主語、動名詞短語作主語；

2.表示時間、重量、長度、價值四方面的詞做主語；

399.--“How many days?”

0--“Did you say that five days _C_ required to complete that work?”

A are B were C was D is

3.表示單數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞也用單數(shù)；

因為此結(jié)構(gòu)中短語只是對主語提供附加說明情況，所以謂語動詞也用單數(shù)。

當(dāng)以下這些標志性的介詞或介詞短語出現(xiàn)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中時可以不管中間的附加說明情況：

with, together with, like, except, besides, in addition to, rather than, as well as 注意：表示復(fù)數(shù)概念的主語，短語，謂語動詞，此時謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。

4.each, every, either, some, any, no，由以上六個詞中任何一個所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時；

some經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞：something, somebody, someone；

no經(jīng)常構(gòu)成的三個復(fù)合代詞：nothing, nobody, no one； either of + 短語；

5.通常由and連接兩部分這種形式做主語謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)，但在以下兩種情況下則應(yīng)用單數(shù)；

1> and連接的兩部分指的是同一事物；

2> and連接的兩部分被no, each, every中任何一個詞修飾時；

例如：每位男士和女士都要著裝得體。be supposed to do sth.理應(yīng)，應(yīng)該做某事。

Every man and every woman is supposed to dress properly.11.Many an airplane _B_ in the exhibition.A are shown B has been shown C has shown D show them

many a(an)很多，相當(dāng)于many； many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

6.many a(an)+ 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

9.Not only Joan but her sisters _B_ the combination to the safe which contains the list of the family securities.A have known B know C knows D is knowing not only … but also … 的一種變形形式，not only … but … 另一種變形形式not only … but … as well

combination n.密碼； combination to the safe 保險箱密碼； securities有價證券。

-------------------------2000-01-------------------------

41.She ought to stop work;she has a headache because she _A_ too long.A has been reading B had read C is reading D read had read 過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。

has been reading 現(xiàn)在完成進行時：指某行為從過去一點到現(xiàn)在一直在進行。

42.Niagara Falls is a great tourist _B_, drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement

tourist attraction 旅游勝地； attention n.注意力； appointment n.委任的職位，約會；

date n.日期，約會，棗；表示約會時指的是異性之間的私人約會。arrangement n.布置，安排

blind date 兩人第一次見面的約會。appointment 指公事性質(zhì)的，比較正式的約會。

43.I don't mind _B_ the decision as long as it is not too late.A you to delay making B your delaying making C your delaying to make D you delay to make

mind 后要加動名詞； delay v.耽擱，延誤（后面也要加動名詞）

45.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it _A_ in Cuba.A being cultivated B been cultivated C having cultivated D cultivating

46.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _C_ on benches, chairs or boxes.19 A having seated B seating C seated D having been seated 注意：seat是及物動詞，及物動詞用主動形式，后面要直接加賓語。

Be seated please.請坐。英語中只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。

47.This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen _B_ comfortably.A is worn B wears C wearing D are worn

當(dāng)wear表穿戴時，而句子的主語是被穿戴的東西時，wear是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。

65.The coming of the railways in the 1830s _A_ our society and economic life.A transformed B transported C transferred D transmitted 字根trans在四級中著重考的含義是“從一個地方到另一個地方”。

transform 改革，變革，改變； transport 運輸； transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移，移動；

transmit 傳送，播送；疾病的傳染，傳播； transplant 移植。

48.Some diseases are _D_ by certain water animals.A transplanted B transformed C transported D transmitted 49.Wouldn't you rather your child _B_ to bed early? A go B went C would go D goes

would rather的兩種用法：1 would rather + 動詞原形； would rather + 句子（句子謂語動詞用一般過去時體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣）。

50.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders _B_ will happen to her private life.[wonder后面要加疑問詞] A that B what C it D this

51.The words of his old teacher left a _C_ impression on his mind.He is still influenced by them.[lasting adj.持久的，永久的； liberal adj.開明的，心胸開闊的] A long B lively C lasting D liberal 52.Mike's uncle insists _D_ in this hotel.A staying not B not to stay C that he would not stay D that he not stay insist的兩種用法：1 insist on … 堅持，堅決要求； insist + that引導(dǎo)的從句（從句謂語動詞為[should] + 動詞原形）

53.We agree to accept _D_ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whatever B whomever C whichever D whoever they thought是插入語，可以不看； tourist guide 導(dǎo)游。

56.Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful _C_ it forces people to test relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.A by which B to which C in that D so that

句子的意思是：如果沖突以后能回家反省一下自己是好事情。

in that 因為； conflict n.沖突； relative merits 相比較而言的優(yōu)點； so that 以至于。

57.He is _A_ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A optimistic B optional C outstanding D obvious

optimistic adj.樂觀的； pessimistic adj.悲觀的； be optimistic about 對…持樂觀態(tài)度。

optional adj.隨意的，任選的，非強制性的； optional courses 選修課；

outstanding adj.卓越的，杰出的； obvious adj.明顯的。

58.Sometimes I wish I _B_ in a different time and a different place.A be living B were living C would live D would have lived wish后加的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

與現(xiàn)在事實相反，wish后的句子經(jīng)常用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

59.The director was critical _C_ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with

be critical of 對...愛挑剔的，批評。

60.In a sudden _B_ of anger, the man tore up everything within reach.A attack B burst C split D blast

within reach 夠得著； out of reach 夠不著； burst 爆發(fā)，迸發(fā)；

burst可以與很多詞語搭配表示突然發(fā)作： 能與人的情緒（喜、怒、哀、樂）搭配； 2 能與掌聲、笑聲搭配。

61._D_ she realized it was too late to go home.A No sooner it grew dark than B Hardly did it grow dark that C Scarcely had it grown dark than D It was not until dark that

no sooner在句首時句子要用部分倒裝；hardly要與when搭配；scarcely也要與when搭配。

62.In Britain people _C_ four million tons of potatoes every year.A swallow B dispose C consume D exhaust

swallow 吞，咽； dispose 去掉，處理，安排； consume 消費，消耗； consumer 消費者；

exhaust 將資源消耗殆盡；如果與人在一個句子中搭配則表示使人精疲力竭。

63.I'd _A_ his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A take into account B account for C make up for D make out take into account 考慮； make up for 彌補，補償。

65.She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it _D_ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender

mild adj.不辣的； hot adj.辣的； extra hot 極辣的；

light adj.清淡的，容易消化的；蛋糕點心等松軟的； muffin n.松餅；

slight adj.輕微的，少量的； tender adj.肉嫩的。

steak n.牛排；rare 三成熟的；medium 七成熟的；well-done 全熟的；medium rare 五成熟。

66.We take our skin for granted until it is burned _A_ repair.A beyond B for C without D under

take sth.for granted 把什么事當(dāng)成理所當(dāng)然的而不重視； beyond prep.超出 … 的范圍。

67.The computer revolution may well change society as _C_ as did the Industrial Revolution.A certainly B insignificantly C fundamentally D comparatively

certainly 當(dāng)然的，確定無疑的（主觀思想較濃厚）； insignificantly 沒有意義的，無足輕重的；

comparatively 相比較而言的； fundamentally 根本性的，從本質(zhì)上來說。

68._C_ in this way, the situation doesn't seem so disappointing.A To look at B Looking at C Looked at D To be looked at

70.Some women _D_ a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.A must make B should have made C would make D could have made for the sake of為了… ；為了…的利益；

與過去事實相反時用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞；

should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該…-------------------------1997-06-------------------------32.You cannot be _B_ careful when you drive a car.A very B too C so D enough

cannot too 在…也不為過，越…越好。

34.Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to _A_ the color of his skin.[regardless of 不管，不顧]

A regardless of B in the light of C by virtue of D with the exception of

35.Housewives who do not go out to work feel they are not working to their full _B_.A strength B capacity C length D possibility

strength n.力量，體力，實力； capacity n.才能，才智（能力方面）。

38.The old couple decided to _C_ a boy and a girl though they had three of their own.A adapt B bring C adopt D receive

39.The government is trying to do something to _D_ better understanding between the two countries.A raise B increase C heighten D promote promote better understanding 增進理解。

40.The newspaper did not mention the _A_ of the damage caused by the fire.A extent B level C range D quantity

extent作核心名詞，表示到…程度了，介詞用to。

41.The soldier was _A_ of running away when the enemy attacked.A accused B charged C scolded D punished

be accused of 被指控，被職責(zé)； be charged with 被指控。

42.Had he worked harder, he _D_ the exams.A must have got through B could get through C would get through D would have got through

had he worked harder(虛擬語氣)= if he had worked harder … 與過去事實相反用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞的過去分詞。

45.It seems oil _B_ from this pipe for some time.We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.A had leaked B has been leaking C leaked D is leaking

for + 一段時間，做時間狀語，謂語動詞用完成時態(tài)。過去完成時要與一般過去時搭配。

46.When he arrived, he found _C_ the aged and the sick at home.A nothing but B none other C none but D no other than 形容詞前加the表示一類人。none but 只有，僅有。

47.The pressure _B_ causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.A competing B to compete C to be competed D having competed the right to vote 選舉權(quán)。動詞不定式作后置定語要用主動形式。

the pressure to compete 競爭的壓力。

49.As teachers we should concern ourselves with what is said, not what we think _C_.A have to be said B must say C ought to be said D need to say

50.Once environmental damage _A_, it takes many years for the system to recover.A is done B is to do C does D has done

51.Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _B_ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.A as for B such as C in case of D in view of contribute to 對…做出貢獻。

52.He will agree to do what you require _D_ him.A for B from C to D of

require sth.of sb.要求某人做某事。

53.The mere fact _A_ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does not mean that it will not occur.A that B which C what D why fact后面要加同位語從句。

54.John seems nice person._C_, I don't trust him.A Even though B Therefore C Even so D Though even so 即便如此，盡管如此。

55.I don't think it advisable that Tom _A_ to the job since he has no experience.A be assigned B will be assigned C is assigned D has been assigned advisable后面加句子要用虛擬語氣，形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。

56._D_, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Other things to be equal B Were other things equal C To be equal to other things D Other things being equal B項如果不省略if應(yīng)為：If other things were equal 如果從句用虛擬語氣，主句也必須用虛擬語氣形式。

other things being equal 在這里是獨立主格做條件狀語。

57._C_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A For B Since C Now D Despite 注意以下三個后面加句子的表達形式：

in that 由于，因為； 2 now that 既然，由于； 3 except that 除了…之外。

59.By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _B_ children as Coca-Cola.A for B with C to D in

be popular with + 人的群體 受…歡迎。

60.Because Edgar was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he _A_ his opinion.A stuck to B strove for C stuck at D stood for

be convinced of 深信，確信； stick to 堅持； strive for 力求，拼命爭取。

Don’t strive for perfection.不要凡是都力求達到完美狀態(tài)。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------48.It’s no use _B_ me not to worry.A you tell B your telling C for you to have told D having told

It's no use + 動名詞。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，賓格（形容詞性物主代詞）+ 動名詞。

52.If it _A_ too much trouble, I’d love a cup of tea.A isn’t B wasn’t C weren’t D hadn’t been 一般日常用語，用一般時。

56.She was glad that her success would ___ for the women who would follow.A make things easier B make it easier C be easier D be easier to make make for 導(dǎo)致，促成；朝某個方向前進，走向那里。

不要選有代詞指代不明的選項。A項中的things指的是境況，境遇。

60.We object _C_ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A against B about C to D for

68.The newest satellite can _A_ a thousand telephone conversations and a color TV program at the same time.A carry B extend C bring D take

carry vt.傳送，傳輸； extend vt.延伸，延續(xù)（extend to 延伸到，延續(xù)到）。

fetch vt.去拿來，去請來，去叫來； fetch water 打水。

-------------------------1995-01-------------------------

41.The grey building is where the workers live, and the white one is where the spare parts _B_.[spare parts零部件]

A are producing B are produced C produced D being produced

48._A_ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.A To become B Become C One become D On becoming

master's degree 碩士學(xué)位； 當(dāng)介詞on后面加動詞ing形式時表示時間概念“在…之后”。

49.The little man was _C_ more than one metre fifty tall.A nearly B quite C hardly D almost hardly more than 不足，不到。

36.The little man was _B_ one metre fifty high.A almost more than B hardly more than C nearly more than D as much as 53.Medical care reform has become this country's most important public health _C_.A question B stuff C matter D issue

matter 事物，事情； question 有疑而問，并且有待回答的問題；

questions and answers Q & A 問與答； issue n.問題（強調(diào)的是政治方面的問題）。

1999年前，臺灣問題Taiwan issue；1999年后，臺灣問題Taiwan question，態(tài)度轉(zhuǎn)變。

60.If you don't like to swim, you _B_ stay at home.A should as well B may as well C can as well D would as well may as well 還是，到不如。

70.They are teachers and don't realize _A_ to start and run a company.A what it takes B what takes it C what they take D what takes them start and run a company 創(chuàng)立并經(jīng)營一家公司。

-------------------------1996-06-------------------------

23.A healthy life is frequently thought to be _D_ with the open countryside and homegrown food.A tied B bound C involved D associated

be involved with 牽涉，卷入； be associated with 與...相關(guān)，聯(lián)系起來。

homegrown food 自家種的食品； wine 葡萄酒； house wine 自家的酒。

33.The traditional approach _A_ with complex problems is to break them down into smaller, more easily managed problems.A to dealing B in dealing C dealing D to deal approach n.方式，方法； approach to + 動名詞。

43.It's already 5 o'clock now.Don't you think it's about time _C_?

A we are going home B we go home C we went home D we can go home it's about time后面加句子，要用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

44.Lightning is a _A_ of electrical current from a cloud to the ground or from one cloud to another.[Lightning n.閃電]

A rush B rainbow C rack D ribbon

rush n.沖撞，沖擊，撞擊； rainbow n.彩虹，幻想； rack n.支架，掛架；

ribbon n.緞帶，絲帶，絨帶。

46.I've already told you that I'm going to buy it, _A_.A however much it costs B however does it costs much C how much does it cost D no matter how it costs

however在這里不表示轉(zhuǎn)折，而是句子的引導(dǎo)詞，這種情況下它相當(dāng)于：no matter how。

意思是，我已經(jīng)決定要買了，不管多少錢。

47.New York _A_ second in the production of apples, producing 850,000,000 pounds this year.[rank 排名，名列第幾，強調(diào)名列前茅；Big Apple 紐約] A ranked B occupied C arranged D classified

第5課

虛擬語氣

一、虛擬語氣的規(guī)則用法：

1主、從句都表示與過去事實相反：

從句的謂語動詞用：had + 動詞過去分詞；

主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + have + 動詞過去分詞。

注意：能用于虛擬語氣的情態(tài)動詞只有四個：should, could, would, might.使用哪一個情態(tài)動詞要由句子含義決定，考試中出現(xiàn)最多的是could, would.2 主、從句都表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反：

從句的謂語動詞用：動詞過去式（如果是be則只能用were）

主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。主、從句都表示與將來事實相反：

從句的謂語動詞用：were to + 動詞原形（重點）、should + 動詞原形、動詞過去式；

主句的謂語動詞用：情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。

二、虛擬語氣的特殊應(yīng)用： would rather + 句子，這時句子謂語動詞用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。if only 如果，要是...就好了，if only + 句子，這時句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

有兩種形式可以體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：

a.如果該句子如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，謂語動詞用一般過去時。

b.如果該句子如果表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用過去完成時。

70.Look at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _B_ your advice.A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed

47.If only the committee _D_ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible A approve B will approve C can approve D would approve

注意：當(dāng)if only后的句子表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾?，該用動詞過去式來表示虛擬語氣，而選項中又沒有時，可以采用這種形式：would + 動詞原形。當(dāng)以下動詞后加句子時，句子應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞的形式是：（should）+ 動詞原形。

a.表示建議、提議的：suggest, advise, propose, recommend, move.[move只有在表達在會議上提出提議時后面加虛擬語氣] b.表示要求的：ask, demand, require, request, desire.c.表示指揮、命令的：order, command, direct.d.表示堅持，堅持認為的：insist.25 4 it is + 第三點中動詞的過去分詞 + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中從句謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。

以下幾個形容詞置于該結(jié)構(gòu)中時也要用相同的形式來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣：

important, necessary, essential, obligatory（有義務(wù)的，強制性的，必須的）。第三點中動詞相應(yīng)的名詞形式 + that引導(dǎo)從句，該從句同樣要用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞形式為：（should）+ 動詞原形。

經(jīng)常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, motion.6 以下一些表達方式所在的句子一定要用虛擬語氣。

or(表示否則), otherwise, unless, but for(若不是，若非)

當(dāng)遇到含有以上四個表達方式的句子時，先要判斷該句是表示與現(xiàn)在、過去、還是將來事實相反，然后依照相應(yīng)的虛擬語氣規(guī)則用法的形式來確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

含有下面三個表達方式的句子體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣的形式是固定的：

lest(以免，防備), for fear that(惟恐), on condition that(在..條件下)它們后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形。it is time 是...的時候了。

這個結(jié)構(gòu)有以下兩種變形形式，所用虛擬語氣形式都一樣：it is high time / it is about time.這三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞都用一般過去時來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。注意以下兩種情況下should + 動詞原形中should不能省略。

這里should表示一種語氣，經(jīng)常被翻譯成“竟然”。

a.四個動詞：think, believe, expect, suspect.它們的否定或者疑問形式后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。

I don't believe that he should be cheated.我不相信他也會被騙。

b.it is a pity, it is a shame 真遺憾，it is strange 真怪

以上三個結(jié)構(gòu)后面加的句子謂語動詞用：should + 動詞原形，should不能省略。

錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣

錯綜時態(tài)的虛擬語氣即指主句和從句在表達是與什么時態(tài)的事實相反上并不一致（比如主句要表達與現(xiàn)在事實相反而從句要表達與過去事實相反），這種情況要采用“對號入座”的方法來處理，即主從句結(jié)構(gòu)分別采用與其表達時態(tài)對應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。

60.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _A_ now.A wouldn't be smiling B couldn't have smiled C won't smile D didn't smile 2.If you had studied the problem carefully yesterday, _C_.A you won’t find any difficulty now B you would not have found any difficulty now C you would not find any difficulty now D you have not found any difficulty now 3.He would be studying at the university now if he _C_ the entrance examination.A passed B have passed C had passed D should have passed 16.It is a shame that he _B_ that poor little girl!

A deceived B should deceive C deceive D deceiving

18.Mrs.bliss kept the door and the windows shut lest the noise outside _D_ her son's sleep.[lest(以免，防備)后面句子的謂語動詞的形式都是：（should）+ 動詞原形] A would interfere with B had interfered with C interfered with D should interfere with-------------------------1996-01-------------------------

21.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _C_ and perfected now.A)developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed

22.This ticket _C_ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits

A,B兩項都要加雙賓語，結(jié)構(gòu)為：gives / grants sb.sth.entitle sb.to sth.使某人有權(quán)得到某物； credit A to B 相信A是由B造成的。

相信飛機失事是由飛行員錯誤造成的。Credit the crash to the pilot's mistake.crash 墜落，墜毀（專指飛機失事）； collision 碰撞（強調(diào)兩個物體碰撞，如火車、汽車等）。

we are sorry, very sorry, terribly sorry, awfully sorry.23.You _D_ her in her office last Friday;she's been out of town for two weeks.A needn't have seen B must have seen C might have seen D can't have seen

24.That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _D_ the police.A called in B calling in C call in D to call in have no choice but to do sth.別無選擇，只能做...25.She was so _B_ in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.A attracted B absorbed C drawn D concentrated

be attracted by 被…所吸引； be absorbed in 全神貫注（專注）于做… be drawn in 被誘騙（誘使）做...； concentrate on 專注于。

I was simply drawn in.我是被誘騙上鉤的。

27.At first, the speaker was referring to the problem of pollution in the country, but halfway in her speech, she suddenly _B_ to another subject.A committed B switched C favoured D transmitted

switch to another subject 轉(zhuǎn)換話題； switch to another channel 轉(zhuǎn)換頻道。

28.It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _C_ after 11 o'clock at night.[虛擬語氣]

A were not played B not to play C not be played D did not play

29.Although I like the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful _D_ through the window.A vision B look C picture D view view n.景色，風(fēng)景，視野，視域。

30.Cancer is second only _B_ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from

具有比較意味的形容詞都要與介詞to搭配。

32.The manager needs an assistant that he can _A_ to take care of problems in his absence.[in his absence 在某人不在場的情況下]

A count on B count in C count up D count out

presence n.到場，出席； in one’s presence 在某人在場的情況下。

count on=depend on 指望，依靠，依賴； count up 算出總數(shù)；

count in 把…算在內(nèi)； count out 把...排除在外。

33.The organization had broken no rules, but _A_ had it acted responsibly.A neither B so C either D both

34.We gave out a cheer when the red roof of the cottage came _D_ view.A from B in C before D into

come into view 進入視野，進入眼簾。cheer n.歡呼； cheers 干杯；

cheer-team 拉拉隊； cheer-leader 拉拉隊長。英語中為了…干杯用介詞to引起。

to your health 為了你的健康干杯； to friendship為了友誼干杯。bottom up 先干了。

35.They took _D_ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping.A fruitful B beneficial C valid D effective

take effective measures 采取有效措施。valid adj.有效的，成立的。

36.Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _A_ it comes to classroom tests.A when B since C before D after

sure 做定語時表示“可靠的、穩(wěn)妥的”。come to 談到，提及。

37.Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _D_ directed.A like B so C which D as

drug n.藥品，毒品。gay adj.放蕩的，快樂的； n.同性戀者，尤指男性同性戀。

so后面加過去分詞表示一種程度。as后面加過去分詞時表示“如同…那樣，正如…那樣”。

53.I hope all the precautions against air pollution, _D_ suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.A while B since C after D as

precautions n.防治措施； precautions against 防治…的措施。

after being + 過去分詞，注意：after后面不能直接加過去分詞。

38.In developing countries people are _C_ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A breaking B filling C pouring D hurrying pour into 涌入，蜂擁而入。break into 強行闖入。

39.It's reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _A_ by about 10%.[output 產(chǎn)量]

A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising 表達將來的行為在將來某時間之前完成用將來完成時。

40.If I had remembered _A_ the window, the thief would not have got in.A to close B closing C to have closed D having closed remember to do sth.記得要做某事但沒做。

41.There are other problems which I don't propose to _A_ at the moment.A go into B go around C go for D go up at the moment 目前，現(xiàn)在。go into 談?wù)?，討論?/p>

42.Don't get your schedule _C_;stay with us in this class.A to change B changing C changed D change

43.It is quite necessary for a qualified teacher to have good manners and _A_ knowledge.A extensive B expansive C intensive D expensive

extensive adj.范圍廣大的，廣博的； extensive knowledge 知識淵博。

expansive adj.擴張的，面積廣闊的； expensive adj.昂貴的，高價的。

intensive adj.仔細深入的，細致入微的。

54.The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into _C_ care.A tense B rigid C intensive D tight

to such an extent 到如此的程度。intensive care 特級護理。

44.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _B_ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.A has to get B were to get C had got D could have got

46.A love marriage, however, does not necessarily _B_ much sharing of interests and responsibilities.[a love marriage因相愛而結(jié)婚形成的婚姻] A take over B result in C hold on D keep to

not necessarily 未必； interests n.利益。take over 接管，接收；

result in 導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是； hold on 堅持，挺住； keep to 堅持，遵守。

47.The ability to store knowledge makes computers different form every other machine _A_ invented.[ever adj.曾經(jīng)，以往任何時候] A ever B thus C yet D as

48.I'm not sure whether I can gain any profit from the investment, so I can't make a(n)_C_ promise to help you.A exact B defined C definite D sure

definite: unlikely to be changed 不可能被改變的； definite promise 不可能被改變的諾言。

49.I have kept that portrait _B_ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.A which B where C whether D when

which在定語從句中除了做主語就是做賓語，when在定語從句中只能做時間狀語。

remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事。

50.The sports meet, originally due to be held last Friday, was finally _D_ because of the bad weather.[sports meet=sports meeting 運動會] A set off B broken off C worn off D called off-------------------------1997-01-------------------------21.Until then, his family _D_ from him for six months.A didn't hear B hasn't been hearing C hasn't heard D hadn't heard until then 直到那時。hear from sb.收到某人的來信，得到某人的消息。

22.The conference _B_ a full week by the time it ends.A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted 見到介詞by引導(dǎo)的時間狀語，謂語動詞就應(yīng)是完成時態(tài)。

24.Physics is _B_ to the science which was called natural philosophy in history.A alike B equivalent C likely D uniform

be alike to sb.對于某人來說均是一樣的。be equivalent to 相當(dāng)于。

All tastes are alike to him.所有味道對他來說都一樣。

27.The new appointment of our president _A_ from the very beginning of next semester.A takes effect B takes part C takes place D takes turns

semester n.學(xué)期； president n.大學(xué)校長； take effect 生效，發(fā)生效力；

take part in 參與，參加； take place=happen 發(fā)生； takes turn to do sth.輪流做某事。

28.The president made a _A_ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A vigorous B tedious C flat D harsh

ceremony n.典禮，儀式；表達在某個典禮上介詞用at。vigorous adj.強勁有力的，強有力的。

harsh adj.刺耳的，令人不愉快的； flat adj.平淡無奇的； tedious adj.冗長無聊的。

29.It is useful to be able to predict the extent _C_ which a price change will affect supply and demand.[extent to]

A from B with C to D for

30.Finding a job in such a big company has always been _D_ his wildest dreams.29 A under B over C above D beyond beyond one’s wildest dreams 做夢也想不到。

31.It is not easy to learn English well, but if you _C_, you will succeed in the end.A hang up B hang about C hang on D hang onto hang on 堅持，繼續(xù)下去。

32.It is reported that _C_ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A the most B most of C most D the most of

most單獨出現(xiàn)的時候有兩種詞性要考慮：1 adv.非常；2 adj.大多數(shù)的。

the most后面加多音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞構(gòu)成該句的最高級。

most of + 名詞，表示這些名詞中的大多數(shù)。make the most of 充分利用。

34._D_ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.[Were they to arrive=If they were to arrive]

A Had they arrived B Would they arrive C Were they arriving D Were they to arrive 35.The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _A_ and many houses collapsed.A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured

collapse vi.倒塌，坍塌； wreck vt.（船只）遭到破壞。

torn原形是tear，n.眼淚，vt.撕裂，撕開。

37.As _B_ announced in today's papers, the Shanghai Export Commodities Fair is also open on Sundays.A being B is C to be D been

注意兩個非限定性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：as, which。

which在做非限定性定語從句引導(dǎo)詞時有兩個特點： which前要有逗號與前面句子分開； 2 which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句指的是前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

只要引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句as和which都指一句話內(nèi)容，區(qū)別在于which只能放在它所指那句話的后面，而as可以在前面也可以在后面。

38.You see the lightning _A_ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A the instant B for an instant C on the instant D in an instant the instant=as soon as 一…就…

39.The manager lost his _B_ just because his secretary was ten minutes late.A mood B temper C mind D passion lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

40.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _C_ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.A are to challenge B may be challenged C have been challenged D are challenging as表示“盡管”時引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語可以放在引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

41.Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _D_ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain

pollute vt.污染； spot n.地點，場所，斑點，污點；v.使…上有斑點、污點。

spotted dog 斑點狗。stain v.弄臟，玷污，染色。

59.The tomato juice left brown _A_ on the front of my jacket.A spot B point C track D trace

42.I'd rather read than watch television;the programs seem _B_ all the time.A to get worse B to be getting worse C to have got worse D getting worse

all the time 始終，一直。

43.Convenience foods which are already prepared for cooking are _D_ in grocery stores.A ready B approachable C probable D available

convenience foods 方便食品； instant coffee/noodle 速容咖啡/速食面。

ready adj.準備好的； approachable adj.可接近的，平易近人的，親切的。

probable adj.可能的； available adj.可獲得的，可利用的，可支配的。

44.When I caught him _A_ I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A cheating B cheat C to cheat D to be cheating

45.It is important that enough money _A_ to fund the project.A be collected B must be collected C was collected D can be collected 46.Some old people don't like pop songs because they can't _C_ so much noise.A resist B sustain C tolerate D undergo tolerate vt.忍受，容忍； undergo vt.經(jīng)歷，遭受。

48._C_ one time, Manchester was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.[at one time 曾經(jīng)，一度] A On B By C At D Of

49._A_ it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.A Believe B To believe C Believing D Believed believe it or not 信不信由你。creat a stir 引起轟動。

50.Mr.Morgan can be very sad _C_, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A by himself B in person C in private D as individual in public 在公眾面前； in private 私下單獨一個人的時候。

第6課

關(guān)于逗號的一些知識

原則：逗號沒有能力連接兩個單獨的句子。

如何區(qū)分短語與句子？一個結(jié)構(gòu)如果有完整的謂語部分就是句子。

何為完整的謂語部分？如果能判斷出一個結(jié)構(gòu)的時態(tài)就可以稱這個結(jié)構(gòu)為完整的謂語部分。

在什么樣的情況下一個逗號可以將句子分成兩部分，而這兩部分都有完整的謂語呢？兩個句子中間有連接詞連接； 這兩個句子是主從句關(guān)系（主從句之間一定要有句子引導(dǎo)詞來引導(dǎo)）。

10.Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _A_, we declined the offer.[declined v.婉言謝絕]

A not being finished B not having finished C had not been finished D was not finished

42.A survey was carrie3d out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, _D_ were surprising.[survey 調(diào)查]

A as results B which results C the results of it D the results of which

51.All flights _D_ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could no nothing but take the train.[having been canceled這里是獨立主格作原因狀語] A had been canceled B have been canceled C were canceled D having been canceled

31-------------------------1999-01-------------------------

46._A_ the calculation is right scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.[variable n.變項，變量；model vt.建模] A Even if B As far as C If only D So long as

even if 即使，即便； so long as（后面加句子時）只要。

47.My train arrives in New York at eight o'clock tonight.The plane I would like to take from there _B_ by then.A would leave B will have left C has left D had left 將來完成時：will have + 動詞過去分詞。

49.Harry was _A_ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A stung B stuck C bitten D scratched

sting v.（蜜蜂）叮，蟄； bite v.（蚊子等）咬； scratch vt.抓傷，劃破（通常指貓抓人）。

once bitten, twice shy.一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井繩。

50.The thief tried to open the locked door but _B_.A in no way B in vain C without effect D at a loss

in vain 徒勞，白費工夫； But很少與介詞without聯(lián)用； at a loss 不知所措。

52._B_ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A By B On C At D For

on后面加動詞ing形式表示“在…之后”這個時間概念。

54.Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _C_ during the day.A should have done B would have done C may have done D must have done

should have + 動詞過去分詞，表示本應(yīng)該做； may have + 動詞過去分詞，表示可能做過；

與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣主句謂語動詞的表達形式可能用到：would have + 動詞過去分詞。

must have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進行肯定推測。表示一定做過；

can't have + 動詞過去分詞，表示對過去行為進行否定推測，表示不可能做過。

56.This crop does not do well in soils[各種土壤] _B_ the one for which it has been specially developed.A outside B other than C beyond D rather than

outside prep.在…外邊； rather than 而不是（肯定前者，否定后者）。

beyond prep.超出…的范圍； beyond his wildest dreams 超出他最狂野的夢想。

other than 不同于，而非，當(dāng)它與否定詞no或not出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中時表示“除…之外”。

66.In no country _A_ Britain, it has been said, can on experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A other than B more than C better than D rather than 63.My father seemed to be in no _A_ to look at my school report.A mood B emotion C attitude D feeling

be in no mood to do/doing sth.沒有情緒（心情）做什么事情。

67.I'm sorry I can't see you immediately;but if you'd like to take a seat, I'll be with you _B_.[in a moment 馬上，立即（它作為時間狀語時一定與將來時態(tài)搭配）= in an instant.] A for a moment B in a moment C for the moment D at the moment

68.The trumpet player was certainly loud.But I wasn't bothered by his loudness _D_ by his lack of talent.[trumpet 小號]

A than B more than C as D so much as

當(dāng)否定詞not與so much as出現(xiàn)在同一句子中時，它們的含義是：與其說…不如說… 70.Our journey was slow because the train stopped _D_ at different villages.A unceasingly B gradually C continuously D continually

unceasingly adv.不停止地，不休止地； gradually adv.逐漸地，逐步地；= step by step.continuously adv.連續(xù)不斷地； continually adv.時斷時續(xù)地。

-------------------------1994-01-------------------------

43.Frankfurt, Germany, is in one of the most _A_ populated regions of Western Europe.A densely B vastly C enormously D largely

densely populated 人口分布稠密； sparsely populated 人口分布稀疏。

52._D_ of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.A None B Either C Both D Neither

none表示的是三者或三者以上都不； either表示的是兩者之間任意一者。

55.Beethoven is my favorite musician.I regard him as _A_ other musicians.A superior to B more superior than C more superior to D superior than 注意：具有比較意味的形容詞只需要與to搭配，而無須more, than。

58.She is a very _D_ secretary: she never forgets anything or makes a mistake.A anxious B effective C adequate D efficient

anxious adj.憂慮的，焦慮的； anxiety n.焦慮，憂慮； effective adj.有效的；

take effective measures 采取有效的措施； adequate adj.充足的，足夠的；= surficient.efficient adj.效率高的，能勝任的。

64.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes _B_ we organize and produce information.A in a way B in the way C in that way D in no way in the way 引導(dǎo)句子時表示“在...方面”。

170.Please move this chair, it is _A_.A in the way B on the way C in a way D by the way in the way在沒有引導(dǎo)句子時表示“擋路的，妨礙某人的”。

67.In Australia the Asians make their influence _C_ in businesses large and small.A feeling B feel C felt D to be felt

考試中常見的幾個使役動詞：make, get, keep, leave.考試中的形式：使役動詞 + sb.(sth.)+ ___ 此時空格處應(yīng)填分詞

具體是要填現(xiàn)在還是過去分詞由空格前的sb.(sth.)決定，如果它是動作的發(fā)出者則填現(xiàn)在分詞，如果它是動作的承受者則填過去分詞。

-------------------------1999-06-------------------------

41.He came back late, _B_ which time all the guests had already left.A after B by C at D during

介詞by引導(dǎo)時間狀語時一定與完成時態(tài)搭配。

45.His remarks left me _D_ about his real purpose.A wondered B wonder C to wonder D wondering

49.Although they plant trees in this area every year, the tops of some hills are still _D_.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare

blank adj.空白的（因為沒寫字而空白）； hollow adj.空心的，中空的；

bare adj.光突突的（山上沒有樹和草）；沒帶首飾的； bald adj.禿頂?shù)摹?/p>

50.Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, with a lot of travelling _D_ heavy schedules.33 A with regard to B as to C in relation to D owing to owning to = due to 因為。

52.William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _C_ defended the right of every citizen to freedom of choice in religion.A peculiarly B indifferently C vigorously D inevitably peculiar adj.奇特的； indifferently adv.冷漠地，不積極地；

vigorously adv.強有力的，強勁有力的； inevitably adv.不可避免地，必然地。

60.We have been told that under no circumstances _A_ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.A may we use B we may use C we could use D did we use

61.In previous times, then fresh meat was in short _D_, pigeons were kept by many households as a source of food.[in short supply 供應(yīng)不足] A store B provision C reserve D supply

in previous times 從前； fresh water 淡水； fresh meat 鮮肉； dove n.鴿子；

bean curd 豆腐； Bible 圣經(jīng)； bible 具有權(quán)威性的書； God 上帝； god 神。

62.As Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, I have directed that all measures _C_ for our defense.A had been taken B would be taken C be taken D to be taken 以下幾個表示“指揮，命令”的動詞：order, command, direct.在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時從句要用“(should)+ 動詞原形”來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。

63.A thief who broke into a church was caught because traces of wax, found on his clothes, _A_ from the sort of candles used only in churches.A had come B coming C come D that came

65.I was _B_ the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived.A to B on C at D in

to the point of 到了…程度； on the point of doing sth.正要做某事情；

at the point of 在某點上； when除了表示“當(dāng)…時候”外，還可以表示“恰在此時”或“剛…就…” 68.The project _C_ by the end of 2000, will expand the city's telephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.A accomplished B being accomplished

C to be accomplished D having been accomplished

69._C_ evidence that language-acquiring ability must be stimulated.A If being B It is C There is D There being

evidence表示“證據(jù)”，最大的特點是后面經(jīng)常帶同位語從句說明證據(jù)的內(nèi)容。

language-acquiring ability 語言習(xí)得能力。evidence不用在“it is …”這種結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。

64.After the guests left, she spent half an hour _C_ the sitting-room[客廳].A ordering B arranging C tidying up D clearing away

order vt.命令；訂購；整理，使有條理性； order one's thoughts 整理思路，整理思緒；

arrange v.布置，安排； tidy up 整理，使整潔（后面通常加某個房間）；

clear away 把…清除掉。

67.A lorry[卡車] _A_ Jane's cat and sped away.A ran over B ran into C ran through D ran down

run over 撞倒并碾過； run into 不期然地遇到； run through 貫穿（多用于抽象事物）；

run down 貶低； run down one's opinion.34 70.Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply _A_.A appreciated B approved C appealed D applied

rare books 珍藏本的書籍； appreciate 重視，欣賞，感激； approve 批準，通過，贊成；

approve of 贊成，滿意； apply 應(yīng)用，運用；

appeal 呼吁（表示此意義時它經(jīng)常于for搭配）；申訴，上訴（表示此意義時它要于to搭配）。

-------------------------XXXX-XX-------------------------15.Will you _C_ coming to dinner with me? A have the pleasure of B give the pleasure in C do me the pleasure of D take pleasure in

pleasure n.榮幸； 第二選項的正確形式應(yīng)為：give me the pleasure of C選項也可寫為：do me the favor(favour)of

18._C_ Goul had said it, he knew what a mistake he had made.A at once B No sooner C The moment D Hardly

以下幾個引導(dǎo)詞都可以表示“一…就…”：as soon as, the instant, the moment.25.Norin received a bad wound _B_ the leg when he was shot at.A on B in C at D of

表示身體某一部位受傷用介詞in。hit sb.in the face 打某人一個耳光。

28.Cork was angry;_D_ he listened to me.A and B but C so D nevertheless

cork n.軟木塞。nevertheless conj.盡管如此。

34.That _A_ instrument can record even very slightly changes.A delicate B feeble C sensible D feasible

instrument n.儀器，（彈奏的）樂器； delicate instrument 精密儀器。

delicate adj.精密的，準確的； feeble adj.軟弱的，無力的； sensible adj.明智的；

sensitive adj.敏感的； be sensitive to 對…很敏感； feasible adj.可行的，行得通的。

40.Let’s begin the lesson at the place where we _A_ last time.A left off B left out C left to D left up leave off 停止，中斷； leave out = omit 遺漏；

43.Education does not _D_ simply _D_ learning a lot of facts.A consist;of B consist;from C consist;for D consist;in consist of 包括； consist in（抽象意義的）在于 = lie in在于。

49.There is no tree _A_ bears some fruit.A but B which C that D unless

but用在否定句中并且后面引導(dǎo)一個句子時相當(dāng)于“that...not”。

本句可改寫為這種形式：There is no tree that does not bears some fruit.50.“Will you be able to finish the job this week?” “_D_.”

A I don’t know so B I can’t say so C I’m not sure so D I don’t expect so I don't expect so 恐怕不行。

394.“I hope that John will play basketball tomorrow.” “Yes, I _D_.” A hope it too B hope too C hope that too D hope so too 395.“I slipped on the stairs.I think my arm is broke.” “Oh, I _D_.” A do not hope so B do not hope C hope not so D hope not 肯定用：I hope so.否定用：I hope not.51.She died when she was ninety, not of old age, but _B_ head injury when she fell down a 35 flight of stairs.A of B from C with D for

die of 表示因年老，疾病或饑餓而死亡； die from 指因為受傷而死亡。

57.You have no busniess _D_ to me the way you did the other day.A to be talked B being talked C to talk D talking have no business doing sth.沒有理由（權(quán)利）做某事。

132._B_ day Bill was starting his motor-bike when his sister Mary came out and asked for a lift.[the other day 幾天前]

A Some B The other C Another D On one 65.I’d just as soon _A_ rudely to her.A you didn’t speak B that you don’t speak C that you won’t speak D you hadn’t speak

wish, would rather后面加句子，句子謂語動詞用一般過去時。

would just as soon的用法與would rather完全相同。

69.Which screw do you want? _A_ will do.A Any one B Not one C Everyone D Anyone

any one 任何一個（指事物）； no one 沒有人； everyone 每個人； anyone 任何人。

73.I suppose you’re not serious, _C_? A don’t you B do I C are you D aren’t you 主、從句整體變反意疑問句時通常都與主句保持一致。

但suppose, think, believe, imagine這四個動詞后面加了賓語從句，然后對整個句子來變反意疑問句時反意疑問句部分與從句保持一致。

82.The chair belongs _B_ the corner.A to B in C on D with

belong to 屬于（表示歸屬關(guān)系）； belong in 在…有適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?/p>

94.The terrible noise is _B_ me mad.A turing B driving C setting D putting drive sb.mad(crazy)使某人發(fā)瘋。

114.We are bound _B_ with difficulties in our English study.A to have met B to meet C meeting D having met be bound to do sth.一定會做某事。

118.Everyone assumed what he said _B_ based on facts.A is B to be C were D being

assume sb.(sth.)to do sth.想當(dāng)然的認為某人（某事物）要做某事。

assume + that引導(dǎo)的從句。

129.The shape of Italy on a map has often been compared _C_ a long Wellington boot.A as B with C to D against

compare與with搭配，表示將A與B進行比較； compare與to搭配，表示將A比作B。

130.Since everyone would like to find an apartment near the university, there are very few _C_ apartments in the area.A free B empty C vacant D reserved vacant adj.空閑的。

144.I know Jonathan quite well and never doubt _B_ he can do a good job of it.A whether B that C when D what

doubt + whether引導(dǎo)的從句，懷疑是否… ； doubt + that引導(dǎo)的從句。對...真的有疑慮。

156.Let bygones be bygones.Don’t _D_ so much on the past.A lie B lay C dwelt D dwell

let bygones be bygones.讓過去的過去吧。dwell vi.居住； dwell on 老是想著… 162.Intellect is to the mind _B_ sight is to the body.A which B what C where D but

what這時連接兩個句子，表示“有如”或“就像…一樣”。

what只有用在這種“A對于B來說就象C對于D一樣”句型當(dāng)中時。

Air is to man what water is to the fish.空氣對于人類來說就象水對于魚來說一樣重要。

165.His honesty is _D_, nobody can doubt it.A in question B beside the question C out of the question D without question in question = under discussion 正在討論中的； beside the question 離題，與題無關(guān)；

out of the question 不可能的； out of question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的；

without question 沒有問題的，毫無疑問的 = out of question.172.Nearly all major cities in the US are crime-ridden.New York is _A_.A a case in point B a case to point C the case D in the case of a case in point 有說服力的例子。

185.“Frank is up late working again.”

“This is the third time this week he’s had to study late, _A_?” A isn’t it B hasn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t he 這里it是代詞，指代前面整句話的內(nèi)容。

表示“第幾次做某事”變成反意疑問句經(jīng)常用it指代整句話的內(nèi)容。

252.This is the first time that he has felt really relaxed for months, _B_? A hasn’t he B isn’t it C isn’t he D hasn’t it 191.A judge must be _B_ when weighing evidence.A interested B disinterested C uninterested D disconnected

weigh vt.斟酌，考慮； interested adj.有興趣的； disinterested adj.公正的，無私的；

uninterested adj.不感興趣的； disconnected adj.分離的，不連貫的。

217.Although he sometimes lost his temper, his pupils liked him _D_ for it.A not so much B not so little C no more D no less lose one’s temper 發(fā)脾氣。

222.Wise men seek after truth, _A_ fools desire knowledge.A whereas B or C as well as D hence whereas conj.反之，但是。

239.Water and air are _D_ to living.A independent B initial C dependent D indispensable be indispensable to 至關(guān)重要的，不可或缺的；

240.This report throws light _B_ the situation.A in B on C with D to

throw light on 把光投到…上去，（引申）清楚的闡述。

246._B_ that we will go abroad.A It’s like B Chances are C The most likely D Chances will be chances are 很有可能… ； chances were 很有可能… 253.Is there any chance _B_?

A whichever B whatsoever C wherever D whenever

whatsoever經(jīng)常放在一些名詞后面作后置定語，表示“任何的”或“絲毫的”。

whatsoever作后置定語通常放在有any的，或者是否定的句子中。

262.She is so clever as to speak several foreign languages, not to _D_ of English.A say B tell C read D speak not speak of 更不用說 = not to mention 270.What he did was _C_ than a practical joke.A anything else B or else C nothing else D more else practical joke 惡作?。?nothing else than 只不過，僅僅。

283.I’ll be away for about six months but you can write to me _A_ my brother.A in care of B by care of C with care of D under care of in care of 由…轉(zhuǎn)交。= C/O

284.Correct the errors, _D_, in the sentence.A if there will be any B if there are some C if they have any D if any if any是一個口語中經(jīng)常加的插入語成分，表示“如果說有…的話”。

288.There is no point _C_ in a dangerous place if you can’t do anything _C_ the people who have to stay here.A remaining … helping B to remain … to help C in remaining … to help D in remaining … helping

there is no point in doing sth.做某事也是毫無意義； 這里point表示“作用，用途”。

291.Do most of us seeing people grasp casually the outward features of a face and _D_? A let it alone B let alone C let well alone D let it go at that seeing people 視力健全的人； casually 隨意地，隨便地；

let is go at that表示“不去多操心，不再多說，隨它去了”。

316.The policemen went into action _C_ they heard the alarm.A presently B promptly C directly D quickly directly adv.直接的； conj.一…就…，一當(dāng)…時候。

表示“一…就…”的幾個短語：as soon as, the instant, the moment, directly.323.The cat is, _D_, a member of the family.A as to speak B no wonder C as a fact D so to speak so to speak 可以這么說。

335.“What can I do for you?” “If you _C_ see Mr.Keller, give him my regards.” A would B will C should D shall regard n.關(guān)心，致意，問候，考慮；

356.The Mayor and Corporation of Hamelin were _A_ for some way of ridding the town of rats.[The Mayor and Corporation 市長和市政當(dāng)局]

A at their wit’s end B at their wits end C in their wit’s end D for their wits end at one's wit's end 智窮才竭，黔驢技窮。

383.I think your sister is old enough to know _B_ to spend all her money on fancy goods.A other than B better than C rather than D more than know better than 明白事理而不至于做…

417.The police looked _B_ the past record of the suspect.A in B into C for D of

第四篇：新東方聽力筆記

新東方TOEFL2001.10月班筆記--（第一部分：聽力）

作者：joanphan網(wǎng)友提供

TOEFL復(fù)習(xí)筆記（第一部分：聽力）

TOEFL聽力主考思路

TOEFL聽力的主題：校園生活

TOEFL聽力不考的話題：politics religion campus violence(校園暴力)campus police(校園警察)human rights 等等unhappy的話題，TOEFL聽力永遠

考美國光明的一面。

如何提高聽力水平？ 1． 語音問題 a)美語的發(fā)音

英 [α：] → 美 [?] glass [α：] →[?]

英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ](美語的這個音界于[o]和[α：]之 間)美語r音的存在，只有在有字母r的時候才有 個別單詞的發(fā)音：

diverse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] b）連讀，不爆破發(fā)音（失爆）連讀：元輔音在一起，連讀。run out of fit it in 失爆：爆破音：[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] 兩個爆破音在一起，前一個爆破音就要失爆。Blackboard → blac(k)board I wen(t)downtown yesterday.c）跟讀磁帶（跟讀一盤TOEFL聽力磁帶）d）語音語調(diào) 2． 詞匯問題： a）表達口語化：

1）I’ve got to lose weight.2）Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time?(幾點了？)3）Got time?(有空嗎？言下之意：我想請你吃飯)4）Care to come?(=Would you like to come?)=Wanna come?(wanna=want to gonna=be going to)5）I got the feeling.(=I think.)6）I’m under the imparession.(=I remember.)7）The book is fat.（這本書很厚）8）a must-(h)ave（必備的）a must-see

（必看的）a must-eat

（必吃的）a must-play（必玩的）

9）I missed the beauty of??(我曾錯過的??最美好的)b）詞意TOEFL化：

student government 學(xué)生會

student council / student association 學(xué)生會 make up 補課/補考

c）詞義多樣化 反應(yīng)順序 考試頻率 fix 修理，做飯(fix dinner)

serve 上菜，服務(wù)（網(wǎng)球）發(fā)球

order 訂購，點菜，順序（in order / out of order）paper 論文，報紙，身份證件，文件（papers），紙 3． 聽力的思維：

a)對話場景化：聽信號詞/關(guān)鍵詞→定位場景→話題 b)場景規(guī)律化

hit the spot=out of this world 棒極了（形容?好吃）it was hardly worth the money(形容食物太貴太難吃)I was broke.沒錢了

save for the rainy days 存錢以備不時之需 open semame（哩語）?的開門磚，?的訣竅 c)思維學(xué)生化

TOEFL聽力選項原則（適用于PART A）

1． 迅速看選項，找出其中相同、相似、相關(guān)的東西，確定場景，預(yù)測內(nèi)容。2． 排除不符合TOEFL思路的選項，排除不合邏輯、常識的選項，排除讀起來拗 口的選項。

3． 注意選項中的主謂及標志詞。Δ主語（題）做題法： 4個選項主語不一致的時候，只要找對與對話中的主語一致的，即為正確答案。Δ標志詞：如shuold表示“建議”，agree表示“同意”等等。4． 注意意思相反的兩個選項，正確選項必居其一。5． 注意相似的兩個選項 6． 注意有同義詞的選項。7． 注意有反義詞的選項。

8． 注意有同形異義詞的選項。如：A.go to the park B.park the car park在對話中的含義不一樣。

9． 注意數(shù)字及數(shù)字所修飾的名詞n.10．在小對話題中聽見什么不選什么。

TOEFL段落題題目特征： 對話2個，passage3個，一般一段4個問題。開頭一條，結(jié)尾一條，終結(jié)兩條。

開頭：TOPIC句題：開頭句型，開頭語氣和原詞，重復(fù)率高的詞：原詞的數(shù)/概念 的重復(fù)。

場景：who what where why 中段：細節(jié)題 結(jié)尾題

TOEFL段落題解題思路：

1． 確定段落的主題（找相同相似相關(guān)的東西）2． 反推段落的問題

如果兩個選項相似，正確答案必居其一

段落第一條是n./名詞性短語，則是TOPIC題

段落中間是n/名詞性短語，只要文中提到，就是正確答案。即：聽到什么選什 么。

TOEFL對話段落題的題型：

1． 所聽即所選（93、5、36）

2． 重復(fù)原則，重復(fù)多的就是答案（93、5、37）3． 強調(diào)原則，強調(diào)多的就是答案（93、5、38）4． 建議原則，有建議的就是考點。5．對話題結(jié)構(gòu)特點：

開頭：打招呼后，信息作為開頭。結(jié)尾：最后一句。

TOEFL錯題原因：

慢熱（聽時不看）Part A 走神（延長時間）連錯（學(xué)會放棄）讀題（先緊后松）

老題重要題型： 中間帶but轉(zhuǎn)折題：

1． 語氣轉(zhuǎn)折： 90.1.33/96.12.A14 2． 表單詞多種含義 89.8.24/96.10.A2 對一般疑問句的回答: 1． 聽清第二句開頭的短結(jié)構(gòu) 89、8、32 2． 間接回答一定表示反對 96、10、A12 3． 聽不懂沒關(guān)系（第二句長而繞），選一個否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4． 第一句語調(diào)特征：最后為升調(diào) 5． 第二句習(xí)語。

6． 把第一個的一般疑問句否定，就是答案。

虛擬語氣題：(非直接條件句)? 答案反著給 eg:93.5.15 a）4種基本構(gòu)成 1）if only 2）I wish 3）If clause a)與現(xiàn)在相反：從句用過去式，主句用would do b)與過去相反：從句用過去完成式（had p.p）主句用would have done b)注意虛擬語氣的時態(tài)（虛擬語氣的時態(tài)要往前推一個時態(tài)）

If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time.→ I need a computer.√

I didn’t have a computer.X(時態(tài)錯)c)注意上下文的場景，注意虛擬愈氣與真實條件句的區(qū)別： If he is the boss,things will be different.(真實條件句)→He is a boss.√

He isn’t a boss.√ d)正確答案的標志：

1)虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部進行替換

quse: if only → ans: I wish 2)用否定直接表示實際情況（93、5、15）

3)表達一種無法實現(xiàn)的愿望，所以總是表達愿望不能實現(xiàn)的事情。regret pity bad? a）標志結(jié)構(gòu)：if only

I might have done sth if? 90.1.A12/93.5.15 G）答案中陳述客觀事實做答 98.8.國內(nèi)13/98.10.19

建議題型：

第二句的建議為考點 97、1、18/97、5、8 一般參考第二句的建議

1）Why don’t you ?? 建議 Why didn’t you?? 責(zé)備

2）You’d better trust him.你該相信他 You should no better than to 你本該做? 3)hy not do??

4)what if ?? 要是這么做會?? 5)How does?sound

6)Shouldn’t ?do sth? 7)What would you see to?? 你對?怎么看? 8)Have you check with sb? 有沒有問過?? Have you checked sp? 你有沒有去查過?地方? 9)What about ? / How about?? 10)Wouldn’t it be better if you do?? 你這樣做不是更好嗎? 11)It doesn’t hurt it you do?? 但做無妨 12）why+v.Why walk?(You should run!)Why run?(You should walk!)Why+v.表否定，“何必呢?”“干嘛呢?”

13)what do you think of?/ how do you like?征詢意見

時間副詞題：

1． 第二句出現(xiàn)的時間副詞是考點（具體/抽象的時間）90、10、26/98、5、27 2． 時間副詞的歸納及替換： 1）by and by do sth on short notice in next to no time in no time at all in two or three minutes in a/any moment minute

= quickly/fast second before long right now/away/off 2）before hand in advance = 提前 ahead of time 3）every now and then every so often every once in a while = 偶爾，有時 occasionally, sometimes at certain time on certain prrastion from time to time on and off at times

4）one step at a time

gradually A by A 結(jié)構(gòu)：step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line 5）weekly, each, yearly = every monthly 6）barely rarely hardly scarcely little 讓某人做某事題：

1． 核心結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth 2． 聽清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 Oh,so題： 89．10．35/97、5、30 贊同題型：

標志結(jié)構(gòu)：isn’t he ever? 表示贊同 isn’t he although?

98．8．國內(nèi).8/89.1.30 偏詞匯題型(生詞)1.聽到什么不選什么,答案中一般不帶第二句的原詞為對.96.1.NA.18 2.生詞的意思,根據(jù)第二句問句猜意義 96.10.26 典型語氣題: 1.重讀,多表示抱怨、責(zé)備、不滿意的語氣

2.考語氣詞，一般出現(xiàn)在第二句開頭 96、8、4/5 3.考語調(diào)：升調(diào)表示懷疑或不同意見，96、1、國內(nèi)、23

降調(diào)表示肯定或加強語氣，96、8、8/16 重復(fù)反問題型

第二句用反問語氣說第一個人的話，再說出自己的話，考點為第二個人的第二句 話，一般為進一步強調(diào)或提出意見。如果聽見的重復(fù)反問詞為adj.，則表示加強

語氣，進一步強調(diào)。如果不是adj.，則表示提出疑問。90．5．23/26 Would you mind題型 89.8.32 回答有兩種： a）直接回答： not at all not at little not in the least not in the slightest b)間接回答（肯定表示反對）

Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth?(你沒見我正在用?)

It’s on loan to sb.(?借給別人了)否定轉(zhuǎn)移題型：

I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday.重讀Tom, 表示沒帶Tom 去游泳。

重讀 yesterday, 表示帶Tom 去游泳，但不是昨天。重讀 pool，表示帶Tom去游泳，但不是在游泳池。

重讀 swim，表示帶Tom昨天去了游泳池，但不是去游泳。這類題，否定與重讀一致。Mystory題型（90、8、32）

How she managed to do it?后半句變化如下： Is a mystory to me.Is over my head.Is beyond me/my understand, Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out.Make no sense to me.提醒模式

I don’t imagine?

You haven’t done sth, have you? I was wondering if?? I don’t think?

老題十大名段： 91．5．C1：打工段 打工職責(zé)，打工感受 規(guī)律：1）找工作步驟：

check the paper(job opening)

telephone inquiry(position available time for appointment)intereview(hour salary experience)job offer(accept turn down)2）習(xí)語：

earn the bread 掙錢

bring home the bacom 掙錢

bread and butter 指生活所需品

91．1．C1：新生培訓(xùn)段落（oriontation）

學(xué)生思維：三大抱怨：學(xué)費上漲；食堂、宿舍太差；考試、作業(yè)、課程太多太 難

對學(xué)校相關(guān)機構(gòu)評價：喜歡/不喜歡 90．5．C1：課外活動段 聽的習(xí)慣：邊聽邊看選項 與熱門話題的結(jié)合：環(huán)保

93．5．C1/94、10、1 找房場景（housing）規(guī)律：住宿舍：太小，地臟，太吵，太嚴 tiny room空間

住公寓：太貴，東西老壞，室友難處 We can’t afford a lot.東西老壞：fix repair teilet telephone 室友：neat considerate 抱怨

修理：window is stack 窗戶打不開 the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 pipe will be clogged 管道不通 wiring 電線出問題

shutter→loose 百葉窗松了 修不如買的說法：

trade it in for sth stock up on sth invest in cash in on sth pay by instalment 分期付款

down payment（分期付款的）頭期 advance payment 預(yù)付某人 deposit 押金 特殊背景

92．5．C3/93、1、C3 實習(xí)段落

女生去實習(xí)，結(jié)合熱門話題：保護瀕危動物

題型：實習(xí)專業(yè)，女生感受，實習(xí)職責(zé)，男生疑問 職業(yè)場景要注意職業(yè)套話：開頭，結(jié)尾 91．1．C2 論文段：

題型：題目難定，資料難找，打字困難 91．8．C2 缺課類 0 題型：缺課原因，所缺內(nèi)容，愚蠢問題（男生）89．10．C1 評價教授與課程 評價好與壞的常用詞匯：習(xí)慣用語：

1． By all means boring.(by all means = certainly)By no means interesting.(by no means ? in no way)2． Leave much to be desired(=not good)3． Leave nothing to improved(=terrific)4． It’s anything but interesting.(it’s angything but = not at all)It’s nothing but interesting.(it’s nothing but = very)5． It’s nothing short of brilliance.(nothing short of = full of)6． It’s not in the least brilliance.(not in the least = not at all)表示好的：

fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought-provoking inspiring 表示不好的：

Keep watching the clock.I keep counting the time/minutes.doze off I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make heads or tails of it.I can hardly stay awake/alert.I can hardly keep awake/alert.I can hardly concerntrate.89.1.C1 選課段

選課規(guī)律：先選入門課；再上高級課；不管怎么選，教授先同意。

特色詞匯：入門課：intro course basic course prorequisite course 高級?：upper-lever course advanced course 報名上的?課：sign up for register? 上?課：take 旁聽：audit 退課：drop/refund?

教授同意：approval permission signature 選修課：optional course 必修課：required course 免選修課：waive one’s requirement 有學(xué)分課：credit course 無學(xué)分課：non-credit course 轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)分：transfer 90.1.C1/89.1.C2 復(fù)合型段子（談專業(yè)的講課段）聽專業(yè)內(nèi)容，原文做答

開頭，結(jié)尾，強調(diào)，解釋，所有套話。92．1．C2 體育類段子

運動的目的：鍛煉而不是比賽

for exersice for enjoy for relax 注意事項、細節(jié)

90．5．C3/90、8、C3：發(fā)明史段子： 順序?qū)?yīng)（問題與文章順序?qū)?yīng)）人名與時間

新技術(shù)（產(chǎn)品、趨勢、發(fā)展、發(fā)明、事物）advantages disadvantages usages 發(fā)展史十大信號詞: history development origih features characteristics invention creation innoration evolution 以上答案中有the +~+of，以上十詞中的一個，就是正確答案，一般這種詞出現(xiàn)

在該段大TOPIC題中。環(huán)境類段子：

1． 環(huán)境污染的巨大危害：damage worsen degrade 2． 造成污染的原因：農(nóng)藥、殺蟲劑使用的殘余（residue）及顆粒（particle）對人類的危害 3． 解決辦法

TOEFL中十大抱怨語（某個單詞的重讀）抱怨選課多

‘enough of it 抱怨考試難

It was ‘supporsed to be easy.抱怨物價高

‘Some bargain.抱怨老下雨（在picnic場景中）It ‘never fails.郵局場景，抱怨郵政服務(wù)不滿意 It took ‘forever to arrive.抱怨某事值不值得做

It was hardly worth sth.男生沒錢場景

I never seem to have enough money.噪音場景

There is not a whole lot you can do.市內(nèi)噪音場景

The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall.新題十大場景系列 課堂學(xué)習(xí)篇

1． Note場景（筆記場景）

規(guī)律：記筆記，考筆記，借筆記，字難認

搞不懂：understand make sense figure out 考筆記：be losed on 字難認：make out recognize習(xí)語：take nokes write down take down put down jot down（非常潦草 的寫下）?base on the notes illegible Could you borrow me your notes ? Could I lend your notes? Could I use your notes? Could you let me use your notes?

2． 作業(yè)場景：

規(guī)律：想遲交，不可能

習(xí)語：想遲交：turn in hand in 不讓遲交：extension extra time more time I want three-day extension of my paper.作業(yè)project概念：paper（論文）：essay（最短的），thesis（碩士論文），dissertation（博士論文）

team paper 學(xué)期論文 team project 學(xué)期作業(yè) book report 讀書報告

lab report 實驗報告 presentation 發(fā)言 assignment 作業(yè)

3． 論文場景：

規(guī)律：題目難定（太大）：broad too broad a topic to write 資料難找（太多）：too much material to cover 多找教授（時間）：avilable 打字困難（機房）(結(jié)合computer room場景)：機少人多想買電腦

電腦詞匯：word processor文字處理器（電腦）save it on disk存在硬盤上

save a backup存?zhèn)浞?break down電腦壞了 wiped out（由于停電文件）被沖 掉 laptop筆記本電腦 desktop臺式電腦 ink jet噴墨式打印機 有點眉目很高興，教授還得先同意。

習(xí)語：have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing have difficulty doing

縮小題目：narrow down the topic 教授同意：approval permission signature

4．考試場景：

規(guī)律：永遠難 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be difficult.（原本應(yīng)該容易，但是很難 不推遲 delay postpone put it out 分數(shù)低 perfect grate 滿分（5分制的）passing grate 及格 failing 不及格

不好受（心情）down feel down

5．熬夜場景：

規(guī)律：常熬夜（男）be uo 不熬夜（女）wise 喝咖啡（男）不想戒（男）思路：不贊成熬夜習(xí)語：night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on night doing sth make a night of it（熬夜學(xué)習(xí)）

6．評價教授場景：

小對話評價：一般不好。段落題評價：一般較好。

規(guī)律：不遲到，不早退，常拖課。要求嚴，出題難，給分低。

特色表達：見老題十大名段的“評價教授“。

Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不

起某人

He is somrthing/big potato.他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 可不怎么樣。

89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 關(guān)于講課：考點：主題，觀點，強調(diào)，解釋（89.1.C2.41-45）

7． 課桌場景：

規(guī)律：亂，找不著，是否清理 clear off 1）． 與家具有關(guān)，學(xué)生常會move 2）． 課桌上一定亂，找不到東西要整理

8． 書店場景：

規(guī)律：有買/沒有買 avilable 有貨/沒有貨 in stock out of stock run out of缺貨

印/不印 in print out of print 過時與否 date it current平裝/精裝 paper back hard back

9． 圖書館場景：

規(guī)律：還書是否及時 return 注意時間狀語 是否罰款 fine

10．選課場景（注意詞匯）

1）先學(xué)入門課，后上高級課，不管怎么選，教授得同意。（89、1、C先1）2）三大顧慮：太多too much 太難too hard 有無基礎(chǔ)basic course 3）課程太難，辛勤不好

5）少選明智，多選犯傻，時刻準備退課 drop

11．讀書場景

規(guī)律：A：你覺得這本書?？/能不能讀？/這么快讀完？

12．選校場景：

規(guī)律：學(xué)校名氣，學(xué)校性質(zhì)

特色表達：reputation(public/private/community)tuition(afford)individual attention(class size)location large city Vs small town might person party animal big fish in a small pond雞頭 small fish in a big pond鳳尾 13．電話場景

It’s through.接通了

Put me through to sb幫我接通某人 Listen for my phone.替我聽電話

Got back to you on sth.過會兒打給你 Return the call./Call back.Dail telephone bill電話帳單 collcet call受話方付費 he’s on/off the phone他在打電話呢

The line is busy/engaged.占線

別掛電話：Don’t hang up.Hold on.Hold the line.Hang on.課外生活篇 ：

1． Housing場景： 90、8、A1 規(guī)律：住房難，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕長錢（rent），簡裝修，少花錢（offord），家具往哪兒擺，要開windows 詞匯：sublet轉(zhuǎn)租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友

apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties瘋狂舉辦晚會 make a fuss vaccum the room polish擦 walk the(cat?)帶（貓?）散步，指帶寵物

rent(afford)quietness location(on/off campus)on campus housing校內(nèi)宿舍 off campus housing 校外宿舍

condition：shower/toilet

2． 失物招領(lǐng)場景： 96、5、8/97、8、12 turn in hand in 規(guī)律：上哪找，找到否

3． 幫忙場景： 98、10、6/96、12、3 不幫的原因

4． 外傷場景： 96、10、3/96、12、26 規(guī)律：易受傷，傷哪兒，能動嗎 原因總是搬東西或者鍛煉

傷勢：tuist strain hurt扭傷 傷部：shoulder wrist ankle

5． 看病場景 96、1、國內(nèi)、21 病人：學(xué)生

癥狀：永遠是小病，不會是大病。（95、10、B2、詞匯）A sort throat lose one’s voice ringear runny noise 治療：take some pills take some injection/shots drink lots of water have a rest take it easy take things easy 禁忌：catch（傳染）

藥管不管用（句型：96、1、北美、21）

習(xí)語：be admitted to hospital 住院 be released from hospital 出院

come down with 病倒了 catch? 得了。傳染病 stay away from 離（病 人）遠點 wait out 伺候 fill/refill 抓藥 dosage 劑量 shots 打針 在美國大部分家庭有家庭醫(yī)生，家庭醫(yī)生有自己的診所，診所中有醫(yī)生本人，和 一個護士，兼做小秘。

身體好的表達：fit as a fiddle feel like a million(dollars)in the pink in good shape 身體不好的表達：under the weather out of sorts out of shape come down with sb down with a bug not look(like)oneself

6． 噪音場景 96.12.12/97.8.北美.6 規(guī)律：室內(nèi)：調(diào)小音量(turn down)宿舍隔音(sound proof)意識到噪音沒有(didn’t realize)室外：無能為力 96、5、18 噪音來源：交通，室友/鄰居（93.10.23）影響：睡覺睡不著，學(xué)習(xí)受干擾 I can’t heat myself think.解決：rraffic：學(xué)生只能忍受，或者向?qū)W校反映，或者換地方學(xué)習(xí)

soundproof 室友/鄰居：ake him to turn down the music dorm supervise / apartment manager 宿舍管理員

7． 修理場景 fix repair 思路：什么壞了，找誰修（修理工及故障的表達，96、1、北美、11），修理費 貴，修不如買（96、12、28）

結(jié)合housing場景的：廁所，電話，洗澡。window is stack 窗戶打不開

the sink will be clogged水池堵了 pipe will be clogged管道堵了 wiring電線出問題

shutters→loose 百葉窗松了

8． 打工場景

四個步驟及關(guān)鍵詞 96、5、6 打工職責(zé)、感受（段落）96、1、國內(nèi)、C2/98、5、B2 面視者招聘員工：工作經(jīng)驗，學(xué)歷

被面視者（學(xué)生）：時間、工資、經(jīng)驗三要素 96、5、12 hour salary experience

9． High-way場景

常塞車（怎么辦）96、5、20 be tired up traaffic gam be backed up 拐錯彎 96、8、24 should have turned 從哪出 get out of it 考違章 98.5.23 ticket 罰單 10．借錢還錢場景 98.10.22 不愿借，不想還，為什么

注意聽語氣，注意聽第二句時間副詞（soon later some other time）

吃喝玩樂篇

1． 音樂會場景

規(guī)律：永遠好聽 97、1、8/97、10、10 喜歡古典音樂，不喜歡搖滾音樂 提前買票，學(xué)生折扣 作為好壞，是否調(diào)換 去不是因為學(xué)習(xí)或考試（語氣特征：不情愿）劇院座位：談座位是否好壞，要不要換。

表達：box office 售票處 ticket line 排隊買票 sold out票買完了

discount打折 orchestra section row aisle seat過道兩邊的位置

2． 美術(shù)館場景： 喜歡mofern art Δ常見藝術(shù)品/藝術(shù)流派名稱： 1）fresco壁畫 landscape山水畫 prints版畫 sketch素描 water color水

彩畫 draft草稿 oils油畫 portrait任務(wù)肖像畫

2）classism古典主義 neoclassism新古典主義 modernism現(xiàn)實主義

posmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義 realism現(xiàn)實主義 surrealism超現(xiàn)實主義 3）對大師級的人名要敏感

3． 買東西場景

規(guī)律：買什么，買了沒買（虛擬語氣）96.1.北美.26/96.12.22，愛便宜貨（sale bargern）97.1.11 便宜：dirt/dog cheap爛便宜

good price / good deal / good bargern / good buy 價錢公道：reasonable fair affordable acceptable 價錢貴：cost cost a fortune cost a bundle cost an arm and leg sth is dear太貴了 afford we can’t afford it over priced beyond one’s

budget unbearable outrageous a rip-off a robbery 物價上漲：

1）物價年年漲，學(xué)生要抱怨，抱怨沒有用。

2）便宜貨：一定要買：sale bargain discount（折扣）percent off（打 折）go out og business（商場停業(yè)、歇業(yè)）

4． 和咖啡場景

規(guī)律：愛喝咖啡，喝咖啡為學(xué)習(xí)考試（不想戒），戒咖啡（因為咖啡因）a）coffee種類：instant coffee（速溶咖啡）

gourmet coffee（由咖啡豆磨制的咖啡）b）味道：aroma（聞上去很香）flavor（嘗上去很香）c）做咖啡的器具：

coffee pot , coffee maker coffee spoon 咖啡勺

coffee set/service 做咖啡的全套器具 d）TOEFL的?？剂?xí)語： 1.a cup of coffee 2.snack bar(快餐店)中一般用

---one coffee / two coffees 我要一杯咖啡/我要兩杯咖啡 3.coffee break（美國人）休息時間 tea break（英國人）休息時間

e）基本思路：喜歡喝，怎么喝，不能喝。

ΔWould you like black coffee?(原味咖啡，在美國老美喝原味咖啡的人很 少，所以被認為很COOL)White coffee: 加牛奶的咖啡 Δcaffein 咖啡堿

----Would yuu like a cup of coffee?----?caffein.表示不能喝咖啡

or : ?My doctor? 也表示不能喝咖啡。

5． 減肥場景：

減肥必要性，減肥的效果（要堅持，多鍛煉）96.10.19/97.1.5 特色表達：in perfect shave身體棒 in good condiction身體好 look great/terrific the picture of heazlthy fall of beans/engage有活力

as fit as a fiddle 胖的說法：big heavy overweight gained/put on some weight lose one’s weight keep fit keep/stay a shape fat farm減肥中心 gym健身 房

6．吃飯場景

規(guī)律：上哪吃（由誰定）it’s up to sb；愛嘗鮮try sth new；喜安靜prefer quiet place 上錯菜98.5.2 誰請客treat 關(guān)于請客：it’s on me 記我賬上 this is my treat 我請客

let me pick up the bill = let me foot the bill 我買單 pay for it

go fifty-fifty AA制 = go dutch spilt/share the cost 分攤費用

貪吃胃口好：96.1.國內(nèi).10 adventurous eater 吃飯付帳：It’s on me../ It is my treat./ Let me treat it./ Let me foot the bill.我請客

Let’s go dutch./ Lst’s splie the bill./ Shape the expense.AA制 Waiter說的話：bring the menu take the order記下點菜

I’ll be right back.我馬上來 Make recommendations 推薦? Serve the order上菜

I’ll take care of it./ I’ll see to it.上錯菜時說的話

7．理發(fā)場景

規(guī)律：價錢貴，上哪理 hair salon 人太多，要預(yù)約 appointment 98.5.8 換發(fā)型，認不出 hair style 98.10.10 特色表達：teim one’s bangs修額發(fā)/流海

I want my side（鬢角）a little longer.A little longer over ears 耳朵上的長點 A little shorter back 背后的短點 Parting in the middle 中分 ? to ? left/right 左/右分

all-back 大背頭 stylist發(fā)型師 hairedresser/hairsalon理發(fā)師/發(fā)廊

ripple小波浪式 pig tail粗麻花式 pony tail馬尾辮 bun發(fā)吉 hair style 發(fā)型

8．養(yǎng)花養(yǎng)草場景：

花草長勢如何。陽光和水份 sunlight shade water 98.8.國內(nèi).25 往哪擺：窗前、角落 97.10.13 move over the window

9．著裝場景

特色詞匯:98.1.北美.A2 衣服配不配場景：be perfect with go well with match a)場合：occasion場合 style 場合是否合適 formal-suit casual-jeans

b)color:TOEFL聽力中有blue情結(jié)： 98.10.2 big blue深藍 light blue淺藍 solid blue純藍 navy blue海軍藍(口語中 navy)tatain the color保持顏色 the color fade/faint=lose the color掉 色

c)size:shrink縮水 too loose/baggy衣服太松 be tight on+身體部分、衣服

太緊 96.5.10 d)material中羊毛情 wool 98.8.19 It’s a good match.這衣服很配你 Down jacket 羽絨服 Wool sweater 羊毛衫

e)laundry洗衣 98.8.國內(nèi).16 I do the laindry.Stain污漬 come out with sth用?洗掉 remove洗掉 f)try on put on take off put away get out（把衣服拿出去）

10． 照片場景：96.1.NA.27/98.5.1/ test 28.C2 照片效果、用光、膠卷

專業(yè)詞匯：was supposed to（本該做）wasn’t supposed to（本不該）come out = develop 沖洗膠卷 a roll of film out of focus調(diào)焦不準

film for in door/outdoor shots適用于室內(nèi)卷

11．渡假場景： a）寵物場景：誰看寵物 have sb do sth 相處如何 get along with b）旅行社場景：訂機[票，訂房間，換不換

c）海灘場景：愛去，干什么（表達），去得了（高興），去不了（原因：因為 沒錢）95.8.1/95.12.16 California / Florida有最好的海灘 a）喜歡去

b）干什么： swimming, get suntany/catch some rays, play sea-volleyball(沙灘排球), collecting shells(撿貝殼)d）party場景：愛人多，帶人來 bring sb along

e）機場場景：天氣變化，航班延誤

the flight was delat due to the bad weather 結(jié)合訂票：book the ticket cancel confirm switch f）天氣場景：天氣變化?？迹?6.1.國內(nèi).21）：

overcast多云 shawer陣雨 pouring暴雨 blizzard highwind the rain）has run up（雨）停了

clear up放晴 warm up暖起來了 heat up升溫 keep up繼續(xù) cool down涼下 來

super hot blazing hot buring hot unbearable hot freezing cold ice cold biting cold chilly cold(super cole&ice cold也常形容人的性

格)

?on end/?in a row連續(xù)? eg:It’s rained four days on end.picnic及燒烤總在下雨天 96、8、24 天氣好心情好：It’s is good to sth for a change.97.10.21 天氣與著裝，伴隨天氣里是否要加、減、收、買衣服：get out拿出去 put away收起來 98.5.12 相信天氣預(yù)報 go by follow 98.8.NA.13 g）visting場景： come in/by/over stop in/by/over

= visit drop in/by/over

12．交通場景：

a）鐵路場景：競爭優(yōu)勢：污染少，不磨損，較安全（屬于新技術(shù)、新產(chǎn)品、新發(fā)明）b）交通違章場景：

speeding: eed limit 限速 going through the red light illegal parting c）搭車場景：提出搭車要求，回答者都是搭不上車，不給搭。Could I get a ride/left with you to?? Could you give me a ride/left to ?? Could I ride with you to ??

13．郵局場景：

diliver 投遞包裹 priority mail優(yōu)先投遞 forward寄信 registered mail 掛號信 express mail特快信

14．戀愛場景：

fall in love at first sight blind date初次約會 have chemistry來電了

go steady進展順利 like a house on fire一日不見如隔三秋 offer my hand求婚（男）offer a hand to you幫忙 give you my hand（答應(yīng)）求婚(女)break of分手

15.網(wǎng)球場景: 體育用品：鞋running shoes jogging shoes sneakers gym shoes 美國的普及型體育運動：tennis golf roller-skating basket ball ice hockey football橄欖球

網(wǎng)球：fore hand正手 back hand反手 serve/return go out of bounds ace tennis court hard court clay court grass court tennis course

女尊男卑篇：

1． 男生宿舍臟場景（女生臟，因為愛學(xué)習(xí)）選項關(guān)鍵詞：mess dirty dump chaos 誰打掃 help sb do

2． 男生愛花錢

特色表達：spend money like water spend one’s entire bugdet go through a lot of money have money to burn money for raining days broke can’t make ends meet tight budger My name is not Rockfeller.抱怨語氣：97、10、1 結(jié)合借錢、還錢場景，不借不還

女生總是讓他存，但是從來不借。

3． 男生緊張場景

緊張的原因（考試、發(fā)言、宣布獎學(xué)金緊張）97、10、20 緊張的癥狀：twist/toss/turn/taround（輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)）解決辦法：practice 特色表達：too excited/nervous/restless +to stand quietly/sit still/sit quietly/stand still/be on edge/get cold feet/not set still

4． 男生害羞場景： keep sth to money 選項詞：96、10、22

5． 男生的各種壞習(xí)慣：

oversleep late for class miss school fill sb in on sth drop/doze off at class not hand in the paper on time requist extension for paper（要求延期交作業(yè)）fail the examine make up the exam stay up all night

6． 女生不記仇場景： 96.1.NA.A15

7． 女生愛學(xué)習(xí)場景： mystery題型 見前筆記

愛學(xué)習(xí)的表示：哪都不去就愛學(xué)習(xí)97.1.15/98.10.1

8． 女生的各種優(yōu)秀：參照男生各種缺點

9． 好女幫男場景：場景融合，組合規(guī)律。

新題十大名段： 理科類：

生物(瀕危物種)98.5.C3(細節(jié)題)98.8.國內(nèi).C2 96.1.NA.C1(主線題)環(huán)保 98.10.B2 enviroment protection 自然 97.10.C3 98.8.NA.C3 新技術(shù) 96.1.國內(nèi).C3（節(jié)水）野外實習(xí)99.1.C3 結(jié)合瀕危動物 文科類：

土著美國人 98.5.C1 Indian People 美國歷史 97.8.C1 99.1.C1 建筑學(xué) 發(fā)明史 96.12.C1 鐘表發(fā)明 發(fā)展史 96.10.C1 / 96.10.C2 課外活動 98.8.NA.C1

常見語氣詞總結(jié)：

吃驚系列：Bingo!有種意外的驚喜 Gee!Boy!天啊!Man!Gosh![gΛ ?] Jususe(Christ)!wow!Dear me!My dear!Oh.my!糟糕系列：Woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Tough luck!臟話系列：Shit!Fuck!Dummy!笨蛋！Jerk!Idiot!Ass hole!God damn!b.s!=bull shit!Bitch!Son of bitch!贊美系列：fab=fabulous!glam=glamorous!fave=faverite!

magnif=manificent!Dandy!Cool!Uttercool!Supercool!Superb!Charming!形容女人有魅力

古怪系列：odd weird bi’zarre

贊同系列：yeah yep u bet Sure thing!I’ll say And you? 否定系列：Oh,nuts!Nope!(96.1.NA.A1)討厭系列：disgusting whew Oh,bother![Λ]

TOEFL常見縮略詞：

ad = advertisement doc = doctor醫(yī)生 dorm = dormitory intro course初

等課 lit course文學(xué)課 memo = memorandum備忘錄，便條 info = information demo = demostration演示 flu = influenza流感 co-op學(xué)生聯(lián)

合會 co-ed男女同校 pre-med醫(yī)科預(yù)課 pre-school預(yù)課班 pre-school學(xué)期

班 I am preparing the TOEFL No problem.= No prob.十大小詞：

I expect.我估計、推測? I’m bet.= I’m sure.I wonder.= I’m not sure.I suspect.= I believe./ I think.I doubt.= I don’t think so.I thought.I was hoping.原以為

I was suppose to（本應(yīng)該）I wasn’t suppose to（本不應(yīng)該）I have a hunch.（我有種預(yù)感）I’ve got the feeling.= I think.I’m under the impression.= I recall./I remember.I have been meeuing to = I’m thinking about

習(xí)慣表達：

1．心情好場景： a）規(guī)律：

A：?最近心情好哎 B：?為什么心情好？ b）原因： 作業(yè)完成了 考試及格了 買著便宜貨了

c）心情好的說法：

in high spirit high sprited in the seventh heaven walk on air on cloud nine 2．心情不好場景： a）規(guī)律：

A：?最近心情不好哎

B：?為什么不好/如何擺脫 b）原因： 作業(yè)太多 考試太難 課業(yè)繁重

c）心情不好的說法：

in a blue mood in low spirits out of spirits low spirited in a bad mood down hearted down in the mouth downbeat down in the dumps downcast downhearted

3． 生某人氣的說法：get on one’s nerve eg: Don’t get on my nerve.不要惹我生氣。be put out with sb for sth 就?生?的氣 rab sb the wrong way 惹惱?

take it out on sb 把氣出在?身上

4． 處的好的說話：

get along with sb = bit it off = on good turns = be agreeable with sb

Tom and Jerry like peasand and carrots.Tom和Jerry形影不離。

Tom and Jerry like apples and oranges.5． 小菜一碟的說法： nothing to it there is nothing to it none to speak of no big deal a piece of cake

6． 表達理所當(dāng)然的說話： Is ice cold?常做為回答 Is sky blue? Does a bird fly? Does a fish swim? by all means = in any event

7． 一些短語

（一）at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟

cost sb an arm and a leg 巨貴無比，買東西大出血，非常貴 feel under weather 天氣不好 get up from the wrong side of bed 心情不好

don’t let the cat of bag 不要泄露秘密，不要告訴別人 don’t let me hold the bag 不要讓我背黑鍋 apple of my eye 我的掌上明珠，珍貴之物 apple-polisher 馬屁精

One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一個和尚擔(dān)水 喝，兩個和尚抬水喝，三個和尚沒水喝

care for = like = be attached to = get high on sth care to = whould you like to? care about = conceined 關(guān)心，在意

take care of 處理，負責(zé) I’ll take care of it.我會處理的。be enthusiastic about 熱衷于 be hooked on sth/sb 迷戀? be into sth表喜歡

be onto sth 想到?，有主意

rave about 沉醉于，迷戀于（程度很深）do sth to one’s heart’s content盡興?

be addicted to?對?上癮（并不完全是不好的，比如非常喜歡juzz）adore喜歡（喜歡小的人、東西）adorable = cute

8． 偶遇某人：

come across run into bump into encounter happen to meet

9． 不友好的表達：

be hostile to sb be critical of sb be cynical to sb confront sb with sth找某人爭執(zhí)?

10．管用/不管用： it works(out)it helps it does the trick

肯定+否定 it does some good it makes difference 以上多以否定形式出現(xiàn)

11．一些短語

（二）as cool as a cucumber as fit as fiddle 身體健康 as healthy as a horse as strong as an ox as stupid as a donkey as stubborn as a mule 形容某人太倔了 as poor as a churche mouse as merry as a cricket 形容某人太快樂了 as proud as a pencock形容某人太驕傲 as changeable as a moon形容多變 as like as two peas 形容長的像 as easy as ABC as simple as one two three

12．健忘： slip one’s mind slip one’s memory have a short memory everything gets in one ear and out the other absent-minded

13．代替某人： take over for sb fill in for sb take the place of take one’s place fill one’s place fill one’s vacancy fill one’s shoes

14．累的說法：

be worn/fired/wipe out be out of shape be beat be run down be exhausted dog tired

15．v.+out: figure out = understand straight out = settle work out = settle，鍛 煉 clean out 貪吃，把?吃光 help out 幫忙，幫成了忙 find out make out = tell watch out = look out eat out 外出吃飯= dine out

16．表示忙：

I have got my hands full.I’m up to my neck in work.I’m up to my eyes in work.I’m up to my elbm’s work.I’m up to my ears in work.I’m in the middle of the things.I’ve million things to do.I’ve a tight schedule.light schedule日程松，不忙。My schedule is tight.overwhelming I can’t fitr it into my schedule.= I can’t fit it in.be tight up in sth 被?絆住，纏住 eg: I’m tight up in meeting.Haven’t got around in doing sth

新題重點套題與段落：

套題：95.10 95.12 96.1.NA 96.1.國內(nèi) 96.10 96.12 97.1 97.8 97.12 98.5 98.8.NA 98.10 99.8 99.10 2001 段落：95.8.C2.C3 95.10.B2.C3 97.12.C1.C2 95.12.C1.C2.C3 96.12.C1.C2 97.5.B2.C2 96.1.NA.B1.C1 97.1.B2.C2 97.8.C1.C3 96.1.國

內(nèi).B1.B2.C2.C3 97.10.C2.C3 96.5.B2.C2 98.1.B2.C2 98.5.B2.C1.C3 96.8.C2 96.1.B2.C1.C2 98.8.C2.C3 98.8NA.B1.B2.C1.C3 98.10.B2.C1.C2 99.1.B2.C1.C3 99.5.B1.C2.C3

第五篇：新東方雅思筆記匯總

新東方雅思筆記匯總

本文來自: 中國雅思網(wǎng)(一． 雅思考試介紹聽力：

聽力教材、英語中級聽力閱讀：整理難句筆記本——摘抄分析寫作：圖表作文——柱狀圖、餅狀圖、曲線圖、表格——上面有百分比、數(shù)據(jù)、固定 的時間段，善于從現(xiàn)象中發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)律，趨勢，提煉，升華，得出結(jié)論——科研能力口語：

1.自信：不要太介意語音語調(diào)，語法，允許犯錯誤，關(guān)注內(nèi)容，體態(tài)語言，2.小心陷阱。要時刻注意溝通，符合生活邏輯。不要忘記提問卡上的問題邏輯順序。3.3.爭取主動。

4.4.有備而來。在很大程度上可以預(yù)測。二：寫作總的指導(dǎo)5 堂課： 1.總的知道

2.寫作流程，問題極其對策（審題）——重點第二篇 3.審題，指令，展開。

4.書信作文。

5.圖表作文。本身內(nèi)容和語言。最后總的串講。范文作用：吸取語言的營養(yǎng)，不能機械背 誦。

三：寫作總論 1． 用書面語言

2． 題目中有單詞不認識：它可能是不重要的，或聯(lián)系上下文可以知道意思，實在看不明白 就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。

3． 時間概念很重要。重點在第二篇。先寫第二篇（寫對位置）。4． 字數(shù)：第一篇至少140 字（10 到12 句話）。第二篇至少250 字（15 到18 句話）。5． 四大原則：1.圖表作文重點在描述，不要隨意解釋，根據(jù)文字可以復(fù)原圖表。2.要讓考官覺得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路標行標”，承上啟下的短語 結(jié) 構(gòu)詞。

3.中心論點由幾個分支論點支持。并提供證據(jù)。

4.7 分必須有復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)（并列句、復(fù)合句、非謂語動詞形式）；用詞面 寬

一點，盡量不要多次重復(fù)。第一篇用3 個復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)，第二篇用5—7，個復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)。

四：作業(yè)21 頁 task 5 version C(多少個字，多少句話，每一段由幾句話組成，找語法錯誤，評論結(jié)構(gòu)布局)74 頁 task 2 嚴格按照40 分鐘寫。針對十個問題的思考

1． 情感分段和邏輯分段首先晾出觀點，罩住一個自然段，2． 文章中心思想句是讀者體會（中文）還是作者交代（英文）——第一段就說

3． 3． 引言段（開頭第一段）是開門見山（英文）還是層層剝開（中文）議論文不可以太 長，第一段只能3——5 句話

4． 段落主題句有（英文）沒有（中文）不要把每個主題句分散在不同處，在第一句寫 5． 線性段落（英文）還是螺旋性段落（中文）說出來——為什么這樣說

6． 人證（中文）與法證（英文）強調(diào)事實、數(shù)據(jù)、普通人事件、該領(lǐng)域?qū)＜?7． 一般具體（英文）還是曲折前進（中文）

無憂雅思網(wǎng) 雅思、留學(xué)、移民第一站

(www.tmdps.cn)詳細出處參考：