第一篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)核心詞匯總結(jié)-兩欄888

M B A核 心 詞 匯

accuse

[4'kju:z] vt.譴責(zé)，指責(zé)；(of)控告，告發(fā)

accustomed

[4'k8st4md] a.慣常的，通常的；(to)習(xí)慣于...的，適應(yīng)了的

achieve

[4't5i:v] vt.完成，達(dá)到(目的)；得到，獲得

acquaintance

[4'kweint4ns] n.(with)熟悉，熟知，相識(shí)，了解；熟人，相識(shí)的人

acquire

[4'kwai4] vt.取得，求得，獲得，學(xué)得

actual

['1kt5u4l,'1ktju4l] a.現(xiàn)實(shí)的，實(shí)際的，事實(shí)上的；現(xiàn)在的，目前的

acute

[4'kju:t] a.嚴(yán)重的，激烈的；敏銳的了；銳的，尖的；(疾病)急性的adapt

[4'd1pt] vt.使適應(yīng)；改編；改寫(xiě) vi.(to)適應(yīng)

additional

[4'di54nl] a.追加的，附加的；另外的

address

[4'dres] n.通訊處，地址；致詞，講話(huà) vt.向...致詞(說(shuō)話(huà))；在(信封或包裹上)寫(xiě)姓名地址，致函

adequate

['1dikwit] a.充足的，足夠的；適當(dāng)?shù)模瑒偃蔚腶djust

[4'd98st] vt.(to)調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)；整理，使合適

administration

[4d`minis'trei54n] n.經(jīng)營(yíng)，管理，支配；管理部門(mén)，行政機(jī)關(guān)，政府；實(shí)行，執(zhí)行

admire

[4d'mai4] vt.欽佩；羨慕；贊賞；稱(chēng)贊，夸獎(jiǎng)

admit

[4d'mit] vt./vi.準(zhǔn)許...進(jìn)來(lái)，準(zhǔn)許...加入；(to)承認(rèn)，供認(rèn)

adopt [4'd3pt] vt./vi.采用，采納，采取；正式通過(guò)，批準(zhǔn)；收養(yǎng)(子女)

advance [4d'v2:ns] vi.前進(jìn)；取得進(jìn)展；(價(jià)格等)上漲；促進(jìn)，推進(jìn)，助長(zhǎng) vt.預(yù)先發(fā)放，預(yù)先支付；提前，使提前發(fā)生；提出(建議等)n.前進(jìn)，進(jìn)展，發(fā)展；預(yù)付；提前

adventure [4d'vent54] n.冒險(xiǎn)，奇遇；冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)

advisable [4d'vaiz4bl] a.明智的；可取的；適當(dāng)?shù)腶dvertise [`1dv4taiz] vt.為...做廣告，宣傳；(在報(bào)刊、電視、廣播等中)公告，公布

affect [4'fekt] vt.影響

affection [4'fek54n] n.喜愛(ài)，慈愛(ài)，感情，愛(ài)慕之情

affiliate [4'filieit] vt./vi.(使...)加入，聯(lián)合；(to,with)使隸屬(附屬)于 n.附屬公司；分公司

afford [4'f3:d] vt.(與can,could,be able to連用)買(mǎi)得起，花得起(時(shí)間)；提供，給予 agency ['eid94nsi] n.代理行，代辦處，經(jīng)銷(xiāo)店；(政府等的)專(zhuān)業(yè)行政部門(mén)

agent ['eid94nt] n.代理人，代理商，經(jīng)紀(jì)人；政府特工人員，政府代表；動(dòng)因，原因；劑

aggression [4'gre54n] n.侵略，進(jìn)攻

aid [eid] vt.幫助，援助 n.幫助，救護(hù)；助手，輔助物，輔助手段

alarm [4'l2:m] n.警報(bào)，警報(bào)器，警鈴；驚恐，憂(yōu)慮 vt.向...報(bào)警；使驚慌，使不安，驚嚇

alienation [`eilj4'nei54n] n.轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)尪?/p>

alike [4'laik] a.(常作表語(yǔ))相似的，同樣的，相像的

allocation [`1l4'kei54n] n.分配；撥款(權(quán))

alter ['3:lt4] v.改變，變更

amateur ['1m4t4:] a.業(yè)余的；非職業(yè)的；外行的 n.業(yè)余愛(ài)好者，業(yè)余運(yùn)動(dòng)員；外行

amaze [4'meiz] v.使驚奇，使驚嘆

ambition [1m'bi54n] n.雄心，野心；期望得到的東西

ambulance ['1mbjul4ns] n.救護(hù)車(chē)，救護(hù)船，救護(hù)飛機(jī)

amendment [4'mendm4nt] n.修正；賠款

amuse [4'mju:z]

v.逗樂(lè)；給...提供娛樂(lè)

analysis [4'n1l4sis] n.分析；分析報(bào)告

ancestor ['1nsist4]

n.祖宗，祖先；原型，先驅(qū)

ancient ['ein54nt] a.古代的；古老的

annoy [4'n3i]

vt.使煩惱，使生氣；打擾

annual ['1nju4l]

a.每年的，年度的 n.年刊，年鑒

annuity [4'nju(:)iti] n.年金；養(yǎng)老金

anticipate [1n'tisipeit]

vi.預(yù)料，期望；先于...行動(dòng)；提前使用

apart [4'p2:t]

ad.離去，分開(kāi)；(空間、時(shí)間)成距離，相隔；除去

apparent [4'p1r4nt]

a.(to)顯然的，明顯的；表面上的，外表的，貌似(真實(shí))的

appeal [4'pi:l]

vi.(to)呼吁，懇求；(against)申訴；(to)求助于，訴諸于 n.(to)要求，呼吁；上訴，申訴；吸引力

appetite ['1pitait] n.食欲，胃口；欲望

applicable ['1plik4b4l] a.(to)可適用的，可實(shí)施的；適當(dāng)?shù)模线m的

appoint [4'p3int] vt.任命，約定，指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn))

appraisal [4'preiz4l] n.評(píng)價(jià)，估量，估價(jià)

appreciate [4'pri:5ieit] vt./vi.欣賞，重視，賞識(shí)；為...表示感激；增值

approach [4'pr4ut5] vi./vt.(to)靠近，接近n.接近；途徑；方法

appropriate [4'pr4upriit] n.撥出(款項(xiàng)等)；占用，挪用 a.(to)適當(dāng)?shù)模‘?dāng)?shù)?/p>

approve [4'pru:v] vt./vi.(of)贊成，贊同；批準(zhǔn)，對(duì)...表示認(rèn)可

argument ['2:gjum4nt] n.辯論，爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)吵；(from, against)論據(jù)，理由

arise [4'raiz] vi.出現(xiàn)；(from)由...引起，由...產(chǎn)生，起源于

arouse [4'rauz] v.喚醒；引起；激起

artificial [`2:ti'fi54l] a.人造的，人工的；人為的，矯柔造作的

ashamed [4'5eimd] a.(常用做表語(yǔ))慚愧的，害臊的，羞恥的

aspect ['1spekt] n.方面；外表；(建筑物的)朝向，方向

assemble [4'sembl] vt./vi.集合；裝配

assessment [4'sesm4nt] n.評(píng)估；確定金額

asset ['1set]

n.有價(jià)值的人，優(yōu)點(diǎn)，長(zhǎng)處；(pl.)資產(chǎn)，財(cái)產(chǎn)

assign [4'sain]

vt.(to)指派，指定；(to)分配；指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)

assist [4'sist] v.援助，協(xié)助

associate [4's4u5ieit]

vt./vi.(with)(在思想上)把...聯(lián)系在一起；使聯(lián)想 n.伙伴，合作人 a.副的

assume [4'sju:m]

vt.假定，設(shè)想；承擔(dān)，擔(dān)任，就職；呈現(xiàn)，具有，采取

assure [4'5u4]

vt.(of)使確信，使放心；保證給，確保

astonish [4s't3ni5] vt.使驚訝，使吃驚

astronaut ['1str4n3:t] n.宇航員

attach [4't1t5]

vt.系上；使附屬；加于....上；使依戀，使喜愛(ài)

attempt [4'tempt]

vt.嘗試，企圖，開(kāi)始做 n.努力，嘗試

attendance [4'tend4ns] n.出席；出席人數(shù)

attorney [4't4:ni] n.代理人；律師 audience ['3:dj4ns] n.聽(tīng)眾，觀眾，讀者

authority [3:'73riti] n.權(quán)力；權(quán)威，專(zhuān)家；行政管理機(jī)構(gòu)，當(dāng)權(quán)者；(pl.)當(dāng)局

automatic [`3:t4'm1tik] a.自動(dòng)的；無(wú)意識(shí)的，機(jī)械的 n.自動(dòng)機(jī)械

available [4'veil4bl] a.現(xiàn)成可使用的，在手邊的，可利用的；可以見(jiàn)到的，隨時(shí)可來(lái)的

average ['1v4rid9] a.平均的；一般的，通常的 n.平均(數(shù))；一般水平，平均水平v.平均為

avoid [4'v3id] vt.避免；避開(kāi)

awake [4'weik] v.喚醒；(使)覺(jué)醒；醒悟到，認(rèn)識(shí)到 a.醒著的

aware [4'we4] a.意識(shí)到的，知道的

award [4'w3:d] vt.頒獎(jiǎng)，授予 n.獎(jiǎng)，獎(jiǎng)品

awful ['3:ful] a.極壞的；可怕的；極度的；感到難過(guò)的，不舒服的

awkward ['3:kw4d] a.笨拙的；尷尬的；棘手的

baggage ['b1gid9] n.行李

ban [b1n] n./vt.禁止，禁令，取締

band [b1nd]

n.樂(lè)隊(duì)；帶子；波段；一群，一伙 vt.綁扎

bankrupt ['b16kr8pt]

n.破產(chǎn)者 vt.使破產(chǎn) a.破產(chǎn)的；徹底缺乏的

bare [be4]

a.赤裸的，光禿的；僅有的 vt.裸露，露出

barrier ['b1ri4]

n.柵欄；障礙；關(guān)卡

bargain ['b2:gin]

n.契約，合同交易；便宜貨；成交商品 vt.討價(jià)還價(jià)

basis ['beisis] n.基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)

beforehand [bi'f3:h1nd] ad.預(yù)先，事先

behalf [bi'h2:f] n.利益，方面

belong [bi'l36]

vi.屬于；隸屬，是...的一員；應(yīng)歸入(類(lèi)別、派別、范疇等)

beneficial [`beni'fi54l] a.有益的，有利的

benefit ['benifit]

n.利益，好處；救濟(jì)金，保險(xiǎn)金 v.得益；有益于

bid [bid]

v.投標(biāo)；命令，吩咐；說(shuō)(問(wèn)候的話(huà))；祝愿；n.出價(jià)，報(bào)價(jià)

bill [bil]

n.帳單，清單；鈔票；票據(jù)；議案，法案

blame [bleim] vt.責(zé)備，責(zé)怪；(on, onto)把...歸咎于 n.責(zé)任，過(guò)失；指責(zé)

blank [bl16k] a.空白的；茫然的 n.空白(處)，空格

block [bl3k] n.塊；街區(qū)；障礙物；大樓，一排房屋 vt.阻塞，封鎖

bloom [blu:m] n.花朵；開(kāi)花期 vi.開(kāi)花

board [b3:d] n.木板，紙板；甲板，船舷；伙食；董事會(huì) vt.上飛機(jī)(或船、車(chē))；供應(yīng)伙食

boast [b4ust] v.(of,about)自夸，夸耀；有...可以夸耀，自豪地?fù)碛?n.自夸，自吹自擂

bold [b4uld] a.大膽的；冒失的；黑體字的

bond [b3nd] n.契約；結(jié)合物，粘結(jié)劑；債券

bonus ['b4un4s] n.獎(jiǎng)金；紅利；額外津貼

boom [bu:m] n.低沉的隆隆聲；營(yíng)業(yè)等的激增，經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展 vi./vt.雷、炮等發(fā)出隆隆聲；興隆，迅速發(fā)展

border ['b3:d4] n.邊；邊界，國(guó)界 v.給...加上邊，圍；與...接壤(毗鄰)

bore [b3:] vt.使厭煩；鉆(孔)打眼，鑿?fù)?n.令人厭煩的人或事；孔，孔道

bound [baund]

a.必定的；受約束的，有義務(wù)的；準(zhǔn)備到...去的，開(kāi)往...的 vi.跳躍，跳躍著前進(jìn)；跳回，反彈vt.成為...的界限，給...劃界限 n.分界線，邊界；界限，范圍

boundary ['baund4ri] n.分界線；邊界

brain [brein]

n.大腦；(pl.)智力；腦髓

breed [bri:d]

v.生仔，繁殖；飼養(yǎng)；產(chǎn)生，引起；養(yǎng)育，教養(yǎng) n.(牲畜等的)品種，種類(lèi)

bribe [braib]

v.賄賂，向...行賄 n.賄賂，行賄

brief [bri:f]

a.簡(jiǎn)短的；短暫的 vt.作簡(jiǎn)要介紹

burden ['b4:dn]

n.重?fù)?dān)，負(fù)擔(dān)；重負(fù)，負(fù)荷；船的裝載量

bride [braid] n.新娘

bureau ['bju4r4u]

n.(機(jī)構(gòu)的)局，部，辦事處

burst [b4:st]

v.使爆炸；(in,out)突然發(fā)生；(芽、蕾等)綻開(kāi) n.爆炸；裂口，決口

by-business ['bai`biznis] n.副業(yè)，兼職

by-law ['bail3:]

n.公司章程；細(xì)則，附則

byproduct ['bai`pr3d4kt] n.副產(chǎn)品

cabinet ['k1binit] n.櫥柜；政府內(nèi)閣

calculate ['k1lkjuleit] v.計(jì)算；推算；計(jì)劃

campaign [k1m'pein] n.戰(zhàn)役；運(yùn)動(dòng) vi.參加運(yùn)動(dòng)，參加競(jìng)選

cancel ['k1ns4l] vt.取消；刪去；抵消

candidate ['k1ndideit] n.報(bào)考者；候選人

capable ['keip4bl] a.有能力的；能...的

capacity [k4'p1siti] n.容量；能力；身份，職位

capture ['k1pt54] vt.捉拿；俘獲；奪取 n.俘獲，俘虜；戰(zhàn)利品，俘虜物

career [k4'ri4] n.經(jīng)歷，生涯；職業(yè)，專(zhuān)業(yè)

cargo ['k2:g4u] n.貨物，船貨

case [keis] n.事實(shí)，情況；病例；案件，案例；盒(箱)子；殼子，套子，鞘

cash [k15] n.現(xiàn)金，現(xiàn)款 v.兌現(xiàn)，付現(xiàn)

casual ['k19ju4l] a.偶然的；隨便的；臨時(shí)的，不定期的；不經(jīng)意的，隨便的

caution ['k3:54n] n.小心，謹(jǐn)慎；警告，告誡；注意事項(xiàng) v.警告，勸某人小心；告誡

cease [si:s] v.停止，結(jié)束

celebrate ['selibreit]

vt.慶祝；頌揚(yáng)，贊美vi.慶祝，過(guò)節(jié)

cement [si'ment]

n.水泥；膠粘劑 vt.粘接；鞏固

centigrade ['sentigreid]

n./a.攝氏溫度(的)；百分度的

ceremony ['serim4ni]

n.典禮，儀式；禮節(jié)，禮儀

certificate [s4'tifik4t] n.證(明)書(shū)；單據(jù)

challenge ['t51lind9]

vt.向...挑戰(zhàn)；公然反對(duì)，反抗；對(duì)...質(zhì)疑，對(duì)...懷疑 n.挑戰(zhàn)(書(shū))；艱巨的任務(wù)；懷疑，質(zhì)問(wèn)

characteristic [`k1rikt4'ristik] a.特有的，典型的 n.特征，特性

charge [t52:d9]

v.索價(jià)；控告；充電 n.費(fèi)用；指控；充電，電荷

charming ['t52:mi6] a.可愛(ài)的，迷人的

chase [t5eis] vt./n.追獵，追趕

check [t5ek]

vt.檢查，核對(duì)；制止 n.檢查，核對(duì)；支票；帳單；方格圖案

cheque [t5ek] n.[美]check支票 chief [t5i:f] a.首要的，主要的；為首的，總的 n.領(lǐng)袖，首領(lǐng)，長(zhǎng)官；頭目，酋長(zhǎng)

chilly ['t5ili] a.寒冷的

chore [t53:] n.(pl.)家庭雜務(wù)

circulate ['s4:kjuleit] v.循環(huán)；流通；流傳

circumstance ['s4:k4mst4ns] n.(常pl.)情況，條件，環(huán)境，情形；(pl.)境況，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況；詳情，事實(shí)

civilization [`sivilai'zei54n] n.文明，文化；開(kāi)化

claim [kleim] vt.對(duì)...提出要求，索取；聲稱(chēng)，主張；索賠；(災(zāi)難等)使失蹤或死亡；需要，值得n.(對(duì)于權(quán)利的)要求，認(rèn)真，索賠；聲稱(chēng)，斷言

classical ['kl1sik4l] a.經(jīng)典的，古典的

classify ['kl1sifai] vt.把...分等級(jí)；分類(lèi)

client ['klai4nt] n.委托人；顧客

clue [klu:] n.線索；思路；暗示

coarse [k3:s] a.粗糙的；粗俗的

collapse [k4'l1ps] v./n.倒塌；崩潰；(價(jià)格)暴跌；倒閉，破產(chǎn)

colleague ['k3li:g]

n.同事，同僚

collective [k4'lektiv]

a.集體的；共同的 n.集體，團(tuán)體

combine [k4m'bain] v.結(jié)合；化合

command [k4'm2:nd]

v.命令，指揮 n.命令；掌握，運(yùn)用能力

comment ['k3ment] n./vi.評(píng)論，意見(jiàn)；注釋

commercial [k4'm4:54l]

a.商業(yè)的，商務(wù)性的；商品化的 n.商業(yè)廣告

commission [k4'mi54n]

n.委任狀；授權(quán)，委托；傭金，回扣；委員會(huì) vt.委托，委任

commit [k4'mit] vt.犯(錯(cuò)、罪)；(oneself)使承擔(dān)義務(wù)；(to)把...交托給，把...提交給

committee [k4'miti] n.委員會(huì)，全體委員

commodity [k4'm3diti] n.日用品；商品

communicate [k4'mju:nikeit] v.交流，交際；傳播；通信聯(lián)絡(luò)

community [k4'mju:niti]

n.社區(qū)，社會(huì)；團(tuán)體，共同體；(動(dòng)植物的)群落

company ['k8mp4ni]

n.公司；陪伴；客人；連(隊(duì))，(一)群，(一)伙

compare [k4m'pe4] v.比較；把...比作

compel [k4m'pel] vt.強(qiáng)迫

compensate ['k3mpenseit] v.(損壞)賠償，補(bǔ)償；抵消

compete [k4m'pi:t] vi.比賽；競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

complaint [k4m'pleint] n.抱怨，訴苦；申訴；疾病

complex ['k3mpleks] a.復(fù)雜的，難懂的；綜合的 n.綜合企業(yè)，綜合體；情節(jié)

complicated ['k3mplikeitid] a.復(fù)雜的，難懂的其

compose [k4m'p4uz] v.由...組成；寫(xiě)作，作曲；使平靜，使鎮(zhèn)靜

compound ['k3mpaund] a.復(fù)合的；合成的 n.化合物；復(fù)合詞(句)vt.使惡化，加重；使化合，使合成

comprehensive [`k3mpri'hensiv] a.綜合的，廣泛的；有理解力的，理解的

compress [k4m'pres] vt.壓縮，濃縮；摘要敘述

compromise ['k3mpr4maiz] n./vi.妥協(xié)，折衷 vt.危及，放棄(原則，理想等)

conceal [k4n'si:l] v.隱藏，隱瞞；對(duì)...保密

concentrate ['k3ns4ntreit] v.集中，專(zhuān)心；濃縮

concern [k4n's4:n]

n.關(guān)系；關(guān)心；有關(guān)系的事；公司，商號(hào) vt.涉及；使擔(dān)心，使掛念

concrete ['k3nkri:t]

a.具體的，實(shí)質(zhì)性的 n.混凝土 vt.用混凝土修筑，澆混凝土

condemn [k4n'dem] vt.譴責(zé)；宣判

condense [k4n'dens] v.凝結(jié)；壓縮；精簡(jiǎn)

conduct ['k3nd4kt, k4n'd8kt]

n.舉止，行為 v.處理；引導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)電，傳熱

confess [k4n'fes] v.承認(rèn)，坦白；懺悔

confidence ['k3nfid4ns] n.信任，信心；秘密，機(jī)密

confident ['k3nfid4nt]

a.有信心的，自信的；確信的，肯定的

confirm [k4n'f4:m]

vt.證實(shí)，肯定；進(jìn)一步證實(shí)(確定)；批準(zhǔn)；使更堅(jiān)固，使更堅(jiān)定

conflict ['k3nflikt, k4n'flikt]

n.抵觸；爭(zhēng)執(zhí)；沖突 vi.沖突，抵觸

confront [k4n'fr8nt]

v.迎面遇到，遭遇；勇敢地面對(duì)，正視；使對(duì)質(zhì)，使當(dāng)面對(duì)證

confuse [k4n'fju:z]

vt.搞亂，使混亂；使困惑，把...弄胡涂；混淆，把...混同

congress ['k36gres]

n.(代表)大會(huì)，正式會(huì)議；國(guó)會(huì)

conquer ['k36k4] vt.征服；戰(zhàn)勝，克服(困難、惡習(xí)等)，破處(壞習(xí)慣等)

conscience ['k3n54ns] n.良心

conscious ['k3n54s] a.有意識(shí)的；頭腦清醒的；自覺(jué)的

consent [k4n'sent] vi./n.同意；答應(yīng)

consequence ['k3nsikw4ns] n.后果，影響；重要性

conservative [k4n's4:v4tiv] a.保守的 n.保守的人；保守派

considerate [k4n'sid4rit] a.考慮周到的；體諒的

consist [k4n'sist] vi.由...組成；存在于；與...一致

consolidation [k4n`s3li'dei54n] n.企業(yè)合并

constant ['k3nst4nt] a.始終如一的；經(jīng)常的；不變的，固定的 n.常數(shù)，恒量

constitution [`k3nsti'tju:54n] n.憲法；體質(zhì)；構(gòu)成

consult [k4n's8lt] vt.商量；請(qǐng)教，找...商議；參考(地圖)，查看(詞典)

consume [k4n'sju:m] vt.消耗，消費(fèi)；吃完，喝光；使著迷，充滿(mǎn)

consumption [k4n's8mp54n] n.消耗；消費(fèi)；消費(fèi)量

contact ['k3nt1kt,k4n't1kt] n.接觸，聯(lián)系 vt.接觸，聯(lián)系

contain [k4n'tein]

vt.包含，容納；等于，相等于；控制，抑制

contemporary [k4n'temp4r4ri]

a.當(dāng)代的；同時(shí)代的 n.同時(shí)代人，同輩

content ['k3ntent,k4n'tent]

n.含量；(pl.)所容納的東西；內(nèi)容，目錄；滿(mǎn)足，滿(mǎn)意 a.滿(mǎn)足的，滿(mǎn)意的vt.使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意

contest [k4n'test,'k3ntest] v./n.比賽，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；爭(zhēng)論，爭(zhēng)辯

continual [k4n'tinju4l] a.連續(xù)不斷的；頻繁的

contract ['k3ntr1kt, k4n'tr1kt]

n.合同，契約；包工 v.訂合同；縮短，縮寫(xiě)

contradiction [`k3ntr4'dik54n] n.矛盾；反駁

contribute [k4n'tribju(:)t] v.貢獻(xiàn)出；投稿；有助于

convenience [k4n'vi:nj4ns]

n.便利，方便；(pl.)便利設(shè)施，方便的用具

convention [k4n'ven54n] n.公約；習(xí)俗；大會(huì)

conventional [k4n'ven54nl]

a.慣例的，常規(guī)的；傳統(tǒng)的，規(guī)范的

convert [k4n'v4:t]

vt.使轉(zhuǎn)變，使轉(zhuǎn)化；使...改變信仰

convey [k4n'vei]

vt.搬運(yùn)，運(yùn)送(旅客、貨物等)；傳達(dá)(消息，思想等)；傳播(聲音等)

convince [k4n'vins] vt.使信服，使確信

cooperate [k4u'3p4reit] vt.合作，協(xié)作；相配合

coordinate [k4u'3:dineit] vt.協(xié)調(diào)，調(diào)節(jié)

cope [k4up] vi.對(duì)付；妥善處理

correspond [`k3ri'sp3nd] vi.符合；相當(dāng)于；通信

corrupt [k4'r8pt] a.腐敗的，貪贓舞弊的 v.腐蝕；使墮落

costly ['k3stli] a.昂貴的；代價(jià)高的

counter ['kaunt4] n.計(jì)算器；柜臺(tái) a./ad.相反的 v.對(duì)抗，反駁

counterfeit ['kaunt4fit] v./n.偽造，假冒 n.假貨，偽造品

course [k3:s] n.課程；過(guò)程；一道菜；課程，教程；行動(dòng)方針，做法

court [k3:t] n.法院；院子；球場(chǎng)；宮廷，朝廷

crash [kr15] v.倒下，碰撞，墜落；發(fā)出撞擊聲；垮臺(tái)，破產(chǎn) n.轟隆聲，嘩啦聲；飛機(jī)墜毀聲

credit ['kredit] n.信用，信任；信用貸款，賒欠；聲望，名譽(yù)；光榮，功勞；學(xué)分 vt.信用，信任；把...記入貸方；把...歸于

criminal ['kriminl]

n.罪犯，刑事犯 a.犯罪的，刑事的

critical ['kritik4l]

a.決定性的，關(guān)鍵性的；批評(píng)的，批判的；危急的，緊要的

crude [kru:d]

a.天然的；生的，未熟的；粗野的

cruel ['kru4l] a.殘酷的，殘忍的

crush [kr85] v.壓碎；鎮(zhèn)壓

cultivate ['k8ltiveit] vt.耕作；栽培；培養(yǎng)

cunning ['k8ni6] a.狡猾的，狡詐的

cupboard ['k8b4d] n.碗櫥

curb [k4:b]

n.場(chǎng)外證券市場(chǎng)，場(chǎng)外交易 vt.制止，抑制

cure [kju4]

vt.糾正；治愈 n.治愈；療法，良藥

curiosity [`kju4ri'3siti]

n.好奇，好奇心；古董，奇物，古玩

currency ['k8r4nsi] n.貨幣；通用，流通

cycle ['saikl]

n.周期；循環(huán)；自行(摩托)車(chē) vi.騎車(chē)；循環(huán)

damage ['d1mid9]

n.損害，毀壞；(pl.)損害賠償費(fèi) vt.損害，損傷

dash [d15] v.猛沖，飛奔；澆，潑，濺 n.猛沖，突進(jìn)；破折號(hào)

deadly ['dedli] a.致命的，致死的；不共戴天的，殊死的；非常的，極度的 ad.死一般的；非常地，極度地

dealer ['di:l4] n.買(mǎi)賣(mài)人，商人；經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商，證券商

debate [di'beit] n./v.討論；辯論

deceive [di'si:v] v.欺騙，蒙騙

decent ['di:snt] a.正派的；體面的，得體的；寬厚的，大方的

decline [di'klain] vt./vi.拒絕，謝絕；下降，太陽(yáng)落山；衰退，衰落 n.下降，減少，衰弱

decorate ['dek4reit] vt.裝飾，裝潢

decrease [di'kri:s, 'di:kri:s] v./n.減少，減小

deduct [di'd8kt] v.扣除；減去

default [di'f3:lt] n.不負(fù)責(zé)；缺席；拖欠 v.不履行，不負(fù)責(zé)任；缺席，不到案；拖欠債務(wù)

defects [di'fekt] n.不合格品

deficit ['defisit] n.虧空，虧損；赤字，逆差

define [di'fain]

vt.解釋(定義)，下定義；規(guī)定

definite ['definit]

a.明確的，確定的；一定的，肯定的；限定的

delay [di'lei]

n./v.推遲，延誤，耽擱

delegation [`deli'gei54n] n.代表團(tuán)

delicate ['delikit]

a.嬌嫩的；精細(xì)的；微妙的；易碎的，脆弱的

delicious [di'li54s]

a.美味的，芬芳的；怡人的，有趣的

delight [di'lait]

v.使欣喜，使高興 n.快樂(lè)，高興；使人高興的東西(人)

deliver [di'liv4]

vt.投遞，送交；發(fā)表；分娩；給予(打擊等)；解救，拯救

demand [di'm2:nd]

vt./n.要求；需要；詢(xún)問(wèn)，查詢(xún)

democracy [di'm3kr4si]

n.民主政治，民主主義的；民主國(guó)家；民主，民主制

demonstrate ['dem4nstreit]

v.證明；演示；示威游行；現(xiàn)實(shí)，表露

dense [dens]

a.密的，密集的；密度大的

deny [di'nai] vt.否認(rèn)；拒絕

depart [di'p2:t] vi.離開(kāi)，出發(fā)；背離，違反

dependent [di'pend4nt] a.依靠的，依賴(lài)的；隨...而定的，由...決定的

deposit [di'p3zit] vt.使沉淀，使沉積；存放，寄放；儲(chǔ)蓄 n.存款；押金；沉淀

depreciation [di`pri:5i'ei54n] n.折舊；價(jià)值下降

depression [di'pre54n] n.不景氣，蕭條；抑郁，情緒低落；洼地；低氣壓

deprive [di'praiv] vi.剝奪，使喪失

derive [di'raiv] v.從...得到；源自

desert ['dez4t] n.沙漠 vt.遺棄；擅自離開(kāi)

deserve [di'z4:v] vt.應(yīng)受；值得

design [di'zain] v.設(shè)計(jì)，構(gòu)思；預(yù)定，指定 n.設(shè)計(jì)(圖樣)，構(gòu)思；圖謀，企圖；圖樣，圖案

desirable [di'zai4r4b4l] a.值得擁有的，值得向的；有利的，可取的

desperate ['desp4rit] a.(因絕望而)不顧一切的，孤注一擲的；絕望的，危急的；極向往的，極需要的

destruction [dis'tr8k54n] n.破壞；消滅

detect [di'tekt]

vt.察覺(jué)，發(fā)現(xiàn)；偵察，探測(cè)

determination [di`t4:mi'nei54n] n.決心；確定，測(cè)定

devalue [di:'v1lju:] n.貶值

devote [di'v4ut]

vt.將...奉獻(xiàn)給；把...專(zhuān)用于

dictation [dik'tei54n] n.口授筆錄；聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

digest [di'd9est,'daid9est]

vt.消化(食物)；領(lǐng)會(huì) n.文摘，摘要

diligent ['dilid94nt] a.勤奮的，用功的

disappoint [`dis4'p3int]

vt.使失望，使掃興；使計(jì)劃受挫折，使落空

disaster [di'z2:st4]

n.災(zāi)難，天災(zāi)；徹底的失敗

discharge [dis't52:d9]

vt.允許...離開(kāi)，釋放，解雇；放出，排出，發(fā)射；釋放；卸(貨)，下(車(chē))n.放出；排出；放出，放電；卸(貨)，下(客)

discipline ['disiplin]

n.訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)導(dǎo)；紀(jì)律，風(fēng)紀(jì)；學(xué)科；懲罰，處分 vt.訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)導(dǎo)；懲罰，處罰

disclose [dis'kl4uz] vt.使顯露；揭發(fā)，泄漏

discount ['diskaunt]

n.(賣(mài)方給買(mǎi)方的)折扣，折價(jià)；貼現(xiàn)；不考慮，漠視 vt.給...打折扣；給期票貼現(xiàn)；不重視，不理會(huì)，低估

disease [di'zi:z] n.疾病；不健全，弊端

disguise [dis'gaiz] vt.化妝，假扮；隱瞞，掩飾；偽裝 n.偽裝，隱瞞；用來(lái)偽裝的東西(行動(dòng))

dismiss [dis'mis] vt.免職，解雇；解散；不考慮；駁回，不受理

dispute [dis'pju:t] v.爭(zhēng)論，辯論 n.爭(zhēng)論，辯駁；爭(zhēng)端

dissolve [di'z3lv] v.溶解；(使)融化；解散

distinct [di'sti6kt] a.不同的；明顯的，清楚的

distinguish [dis'ti6gwi5] v.(from)區(qū)別，區(qū)分；看出，聽(tīng)出；(oneself)使杰出，使揚(yáng)名

distribute [dis'tribju(:)t] vt.(to)分發(fā)，分配；分布

disturb [dis't4:b] vt.打擾;使煩惱；弄亂，打亂

dividend ['dividend] n.紅利，股息；(pl.)回報(bào)，效益；被除數(shù)

divorce [di'v3:s] n.離婚；分離 vt.同...離婚；分離，脫離

document ['d3kjum4nt] n.公文，文件 vt.用文件(文獻(xiàn))等證明，記載

domestic [d4'mestik] a.家庭的；馴養(yǎng)的；國(guó)內(nèi)的

dormitory ['d3:mitri] n.(縮dorm)(集體)宿舍

draft [dr2:ft]

n.草稿；匯票；征兵，服役；通風(fēng)，氣流 vt.起草，草擬；征募

dramatic [dr4'm1tik]

a.戲劇性的；引人注目的；戲劇的，劇本的 n.(pl.)戲劇表演，演出

dread [dred] n./v.害怕，恐懼

drown [draun] v.淹死；淹沒(méi)

drug [dr8g]

n.藥物；(pl.)麻醉藥；毒品 vt.用藥麻醉

due [dju:]

a.預(yù)定的；應(yīng)給的，應(yīng)得的；到期的；應(yīng)有的

dumb [d8m] a.啞的；沉默的

dump [d8mp]

vt.傾倒；傾銷(xiāo) n.垃圾堆

durable ['dju4r4bl] a.持久的，耐久的

duration [dju4'rei54n] n.持久；持續(xù)時(shí)間

dusk [d8sk] n.黃昏，傍晚

earnings ['4:ni6z]

n.(常pl.)收入，收益；利潤(rùn)

earnest ['4:nist]

a.誠(chéng)摯的，認(rèn)真的，熱心的

ease [i:z] n.容易；舒適，安心 v.減輕，緩和，放松

economical [`i:k4'n3mik4l] a.節(jié)約的；節(jié)儉的；經(jīng)濟(jì)的

edition [i'di54n] n.版，版次；版本

editor ['edit4] n.編輯，編者

effect [i'fekt] n.結(jié)果，效果；作用，影響；(pl.)個(gè)人財(cái)務(wù) vt.實(shí)現(xiàn)，使生效，引起

efficiency [i'fi54nsi] n.效率；功效

elementary [`eli'ment4ri] a.基本的；初級(jí)的，初等的

elevator ['eliveit4] n.電梯；升降機(jī)

eliminate [i'limineit] vt.消滅，消除；淘汰

embarrass [im'b1r4s] vt.使尷尬，使為難

embezzle [im'bez4l] vt.貪污，盜用；挪用(公款、公物等)

emerge [i'm4:d9] vi.出現(xiàn)；顯露，產(chǎn)生

emergency [i'm4:d94nsi] n.緊急情況，突然事件

emit [i'mit] vt.發(fā)出，放射

emphasize ['emf4saiz] vt.(=emphasise)強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重，突出

emphasis ['emf4sis] n.強(qiáng)調(diào)，重點(diǎn)

employ [im'pl3i] vt.雇用；使用

enclosure [in'kl4u94]

n.附件(隨函)；圍墻，圍欄

encounter [in'kaunt4]

vt.遭遇到，遇上n.遭遇，遇到

endure [in'dju4]

v.忍耐，忍受；持續(xù)；持續(xù)

enforce [in'f3:s]

vt.實(shí)施，實(shí)行；強(qiáng)制執(zhí)行

engage [in'geid9]

v.使從事；聘用；訂婚

enormous [i'n3:m4s] a.巨大的，龐大的

ensure [in'5u4] vt.保證，確保

enterprise ['ent4praiz]

n.事業(yè)心；企業(yè)，單位，公司；事業(yè)，計(jì)劃

entertain [`ent4'tein] v.款待；娛樂(lè)

enthusiasm [in'7ju:zi1z4m]

n.熱情，熱心；巨大興趣，熱衷的事物

entitle [in'taitl]

vt.給...權(quán)利；給...定名

envy ['envi]

n.嫉妒，羨慕；嫉妒的對(duì)象，羨慕的目標(biāo)vt.(at,of)嫉妒，羨慕

equality [i(:)'kw3liti] n.同等，平等

escape [i'skeip] vt./vi.逃跑；逃避；(液體等)泄漏，溢出 n.逃跑

essential [i'sen54l] a.必不可少的；本質(zhì)的 n.(常pl.)要素，要點(diǎn)；必需品

establish [is't1bli5] vt.建立，創(chuàng)立；確立，證實(shí)

estimate ['estimeit] vt.估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)

evaluate [i'v1ljueit] vt.評(píng)價(jià)，估價(jià)，求...的值

evasion [i'vei94n] n.逃避；偷漏(稅)

eventually [i'vent5u4li] ad.終于，最后

evidence ['evid4ns] n.根據(jù)，證據(jù)；行跡

evident ['evid4nt] a.明顯的，顯而易見(jiàn)的

evolution [`i:v4'lu:54n] n.進(jìn)化；演變

exceed [ik'si:d] vt.超過(guò)，勝過(guò)

exchange [iks't5eind9] v.交換，兌換；交流 n.交換，互換；匯兌，兌換率

exclaim [iks'kleim] v.大聲說(shuō)，呼喊，驚叫

exclude [iks'klu:d] vt.把...除外，不包括

execute ['eksikju:t] vt.執(zhí)行；處決

executive [ig'zekjutiv]

a.執(zhí)行的，行政的 n.執(zhí)行者，行政官；總經(jīng)理，董事

exemption [ig'zemp54n] n.豁免，免稅額

exhaust [ig'z3:st]

n.排氣裝置；廢氣 vt.耗盡；使精疲力竭；詳盡論述

exhibit [ig'zibit]

vt.展覽，陳列；顯示，顯出 n.展品

expand [iks'p1nd]

vt./vi.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)張；膨脹

expenditure [iks'pendit54]

n.支出，開(kāi)支；支出額，花費(fèi)，費(fèi)用

expense [iks'pens]

n.花費(fèi)，經(jīng)費(fèi)；(pl.)費(fèi)用

expire [iks'pai4]

v.滿(mǎn)期，終止；去世，斷氣

explode [iks'pl4ud]

v.爆炸，爆發(fā)；激增，迅速擴(kuò)大

exploit ['ikspl3it]

vt.剝削；利用；開(kāi)發(fā) n.(pl.)業(yè)績(jī)，功績(jī)

explore [iks'pl3:]

vt.勘探，探測(cè)；探察，探索

explosive [iks'pl4usiv]

a.爆炸性的，易爆炸的；極易引起爭(zhēng)論的 n.15 炸藥，爆炸物

expose [iks'p4uz] vt.使暴露；(to)使處于...作用之下；揭露

extend [iks'tend] vt.延長(zhǎng)，延伸；擴(kuò)大；給予 vi.伸展，擴(kuò)大，(在范圍或應(yīng)用上)達(dá)到，延續(xù)

extensive [iks'tensiv] a.廣泛的，廣博的；廣闊的

extent [iks'tent] n.程度，范圍；廣度，寬度，大小

external [eks't4:nl] a.外面的，外部的，外表的

extraordinary [iks'tr3:din4ri] a.非同尋常的，特別的

extreme [iks'tri:m] a.極度的，極端的；盡頭的，末端的 n.極端

facility [f4'siliti] n.(pl.)設(shè)施(備)；便利，容易，方便

faint [feint] a.模糊的，不清楚的；虛弱的，無(wú)力的；眩暈的 vi.發(fā)暈，昏倒 n.昏厥

faithful ['fei7f4l] a.忠誠(chéng)的，忠實(shí)的；如實(shí)的，可靠的；盡職的，責(zé)任心強(qiáng)的

fake [feik] n.偽造品vt.偽造，假冒 a.假的，偽造的，冒充的

false [f3:ls] a.錯(cuò)誤的，不正確的；虛偽的，不老實(shí)的；假的，人造的

familiar [f4'milj4]

a.熟悉的，通曉的；隨便的，不拘禮儀的；冒昧的，放肆的

famine ['f1min] n.饑荒

fare [fe4]

n.車(chē)(船)費(fèi) v.過(guò)日子，進(jìn)展

fashion ['f154n]

n.時(shí)髦，流行式樣；方式

fasten ['f2:sn]

v.結(jié)牢，拴住；使固定

fatal ['feitl]

a.致命的，毀滅性的；重大的，決定性的

fatigue [f4'ti:g]

n.疲乏，勞累 vt./vi.(使)疲勞

faulty ['f3:lti]

a.有錯(cuò)誤的，有缺點(diǎn)的

feasible ['fi:zibl] a.可行的

feast [fi:st]

n.節(jié)日；宴會(huì) v.設(shè)宴，參加宴會(huì)

feature ['fi:t54]

n.特征，特色；(pl.)容貌；特寫(xiě)，專(zhuān)題節(jié)目；故事片 vt./vi.突出，由...主演；其重要作用，作為主要角色

federal ['fed4r4l] a.聯(lián)邦的

fee [fi:]

n.費(fèi)用；酬金；學(xué)費(fèi)

feedback ['fi:db1k] n.反饋 fertile ['f4:tail] a.肥沃的，富饒的，多產(chǎn)的；(想象力或創(chuàng)造力)豐富的

fertilizer ['f4:tilaiz4] n.肥料

fierce [fi4s] a.兇猛的，殘忍的；狂熱地，極度的；猛烈的，強(qiáng)烈的

figure ['fig4] n.數(shù)字；輪廓；人物；圖表；(pl.)算術(shù)，計(jì)算 v.想出，領(lǐng)會(huì)到

finance ['fain1ns,fi'n1ns] n.財(cái)政(學(xué))，金融；(常pl.)財(cái)源，資金，財(cái)務(wù)情況 vt./vi.資助，為...提供資金

fiscal ['fisk4l] a.國(guó)庫(kù)的；財(cái)政的；金融的；會(huì)計(jì)的

flame [fleim] n.火焰，火苗

flash [fl15] v.閃爍；閃現(xiàn)；掠過(guò) n.閃光，閃爍；閃光燈

flat [fl1t] n.公寓住宅；一套房間 a.平坦的；扁平的，挺直的；單調(diào)的，乏味的；價(jià)格固定的，收費(fèi)統(tǒng)一的ad.平直的；直截了當(dāng)?shù)模瑪嗳坏?/p>

flexible ['fleks4bl] a.易彎曲的；靈活的

flock [fl3k] n.一群(飛禽、牲畜)；眾多 vi.群集，成群

flourish ['fl8ri5] v.繁榮；興旺

fluctuation [`fl8ktju'ei54n] n.波動(dòng)；(價(jià)格)漲落

fluent ['flu(:)4nt] a.流利的，流暢的

focus ['f4uk4s]

v.聚焦；集中于 n.焦點(diǎn)；中心

fold [f4uld]

v.折疊，折起 n.折頁(yè)；折痕

forbid [f4'bid]

vt.禁止；不許；阻止

forecast ['f3:k2:st] vt./n.預(yù)測(cè)，預(yù)報(bào)

foremost ['f3:m4ust] a.最初的，最前的

forfeit ['f3:fit] n.罰金，罰款

forgive [f4'giv] v.原諒，寬恕

former ['f3:m4]

a.以前的；在前的 n.前者

fortunate ['f3:t54nit] a.幸運(yùn)的，僥幸的

frame [freim]

n.框架；構(gòu)架 vt.給...裝框子；陷害，誣告；制定，表達(dá)

freeze [fri:z]

v.結(jié)冰，凍結(jié) n.凍結(jié)；冰凍期

frequency ['fri:kw4nsi] n.頻率；頻繁

fresh [fre5]

a.新的，新鮮的；新穎的；(水)淡的 frighten ['fraitn] vt.嚇唬；使驚恐

frugal ['fru:g4l] a.節(jié)約的，儉樸的

fulfil [ful'fil] vt.(=fulfill)履行，實(shí)現(xiàn)；滿(mǎn)足，使?jié)M意

function ['f86k54n] n.功能；重大聚會(huì)(宴會(huì))；函數(shù)，隨他物變化而變化的事物 vi.起作用，運(yùn)行

fundamental [`f8nd4'mentl] a.基本的，根本的 n.基本原理(原則)

furious ['fju4ri4s] a.狂怒的，猛烈的；強(qiáng)烈的，激烈的

gain [gein] v.獲得；增加；(指鐘表)走快 n.獲利，盈余；增加；上漲

gamble ['g1mb4l] v./n.賭博；投機(jī)

gang [g16] n.一群，一幫，一伙 vi.聚集，結(jié)成一伙

gay [gei] a.愉快的；色彩鮮艷的；同性戀的 n.(尤指)同性戀者

gaze [geiz] vi./n.凝視，盯，注視

general ['d9en4r4l] a.總的，普遍的；一般的，普通的；籠統(tǒng)的，大體的 n.將軍

generate ['d9en4reit] vt.發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生；導(dǎo)致，引起

generous ['d9en4r4s]

a.慷慨的，大方的；寬宏大量的；豐富的，大量的

genius ['d9i:nj4s] n.天才；天才人物

gentle ['d9entl]

a.溫和的，文雅的；輕柔的；不陡的，坡度小的

genuine ['d9enjuin]

a.真正的，真實(shí)的；真誠(chéng)的

global ['gl4ub4l] a.全球性的；總的

gloomy ['glu:mi]

a.陰沉的；憂(yōu)郁的；令人失望的

glorious ['gl3:ri4s]

a.光榮的；輝煌的；令人愉快地，極好的

glue [glu:]

n.膠水，膠 vt.膠合

governor ['g8v4n4]

n.總督，省長(zhǎng)，美國(guó)州長(zhǎng)；主管人員，理事，董事

grace ['greis]

n.優(yōu)雅，優(yōu)美；寬限；(pl.)風(fēng)度，魅力vt.使優(yōu)美，給...增光

gradual ['gr1d9u4l]

a.逐漸的，漸進(jìn)的；坡度平緩的，不陡的

graceful ['greisf4l] a.優(yōu)美的，優(yōu)雅的

graduate ['gr1d9ueit,'gr1djuit]

n.(大學(xué))畢業(yè)生；研究生 vi.畢業(yè)，得學(xué)位a.研究的

grant [gr2:nt] vt.同意，準(zhǔn)許；授予 n.授予物

grasp [gr2:sp] v./n.抓住；理解，掌握

grateful ['greitful] a.感激的；感謝的

gratitude ['gr1titju:d] n.感激，感謝

grave [greiv] a.嚴(yán)肅的，莊重的；嚴(yán)重的 n.墳?zāi)?/p>

gravity ['gr1viti] n.重力，地心引力；莊重；嚴(yán)肅

greedy ['gri:di] a.貪吃的，貪婪的；渴望的

grieve [gri:v] vt.使悲傷，使傷心

grip [grip] vt./vi.緊握，抓緊；吸引住..的注意 n.緊握，抓牢；控制，掌握

gross [gr4us] a.總的；毛重的；嚴(yán)重的，顯著的；粗俗的，粗野的；臃腫的 n.總額 vt.獲得...的總收入

guarantee [`g1r4n'ti:] n.保證；保證書(shū)；擔(dān)保 vt.擔(dān)保，保證

guard [g2:d] n.看守，守兵；警戒，警備 vt./vi.守衛(wèi)，保衛(wèi)；防止，防范

guidance ['gaid4ns] n.引導(dǎo)，指導(dǎo)

guilty ['gilti] a.有罪的；內(nèi)疚的

gymnasium [d9im'neizj4m] n.(縮gym)體育館，健身房

haggle ['h1gl]

vi.討價(jià)還價(jià)；爭(zhēng)論不休

halt [h3:lt] v./n.停止；止步

handful [h1ndful] n.一把；少數(shù)，一小撮

handle ['h1ndl]

n.柄，把手，拉手 vt.觸，摸；操縱；處理，應(yīng)付，對(duì)待

handsome ['h1ns4m]

a.漂亮的，英俊的；可觀的；(女子)端莊健美的，好看的

handy ['h1ndi]

a.手邊的；近便的，方便的；手巧的

hardship ['h2:d5ip] n.艱難，困苦

harmony ['h2:m4ni] n.和諧，融洽；調(diào)和

haste [heist]

n.匆忙，急速，倉(cāng)促 vi./vt.趕快，匆忙

hatred ['heitrid] n.敵意，憎恨，仇恨

hazard ['h1z4d]

n.危險(xiǎn)；冒險(xiǎn) vt.冒...的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；嘗試著做(提出)

headquarters ['hed`kw3:t4z] n.司令部，指揮部；總部

heal [hi:l]

vt./vi.治愈，愈合，恢復(fù)健康；調(diào)停，消除分歧等

heap [hi:p] n.(一)堆；許多 vt.堆，堆起

heighten ['haitn] v.加高，提高

hesitate ['heziteit] vi.猶豫，遲疑；不情愿；含糊，支吾

hinder ['hind4] v.阻止，妨礙

hint [hint] n.暗示，提示；細(xì)微的跡象；建議 vt.暗示，示意

hire ['hai4] vt.租用；雇用 n.雇傭，租用

hobby ['h3bi] n.業(yè)余愛(ài)好，嗜好

homesick ['h4umsik] a.想家的

horizontal [`h3ri'z3ntl] a.橫的，水平的

hospitality [`h3spi't1liti] n.好客；殷勤

host [h4ust] n.男主人；一大群；節(jié)目主持人

hostile ['h3stail] a.敵方的；敵意的，敵對(duì)的

humble ['h8mbl] a.謙卑的；地位或職務(wù)低下的；簡(jiǎn)陋的，低劣的 vt.降低，貶抑；使卑下

hyperinflation [`haip4(:)rin'flei54n]

n.惡性通貨膨脹

ideal [ai'di4l]

n.理想；理想的東西 a.理想的，完美的；想象的，空想的；唯心的

identify [ai'dentifai]

vt.認(rèn)出，鑒定；認(rèn)為...等同于，認(rèn)為...一致

idle ['aidl] a.閑置的；懶散的；無(wú)用的，無(wú)效的 vi.懶散；虛度

ignorant ['ign4r4nt]

a.愚昧的，無(wú)知的；不知道的

illegal [i'li:g4l] a.不合法的，非法的

illicit [i'lisit] a.非法的，禁止的

illiterate [i'lit4rit] n./a.文盲(的)

illustrate ['il4streit] vt.說(shuō)明；圖解，例解

image ['imid9]

n.像；形象，映像，影像；形象，聲譽(yù)；形象的描述，象征，比喻

immense [i'mens] a.巨大的，廣大的

immigrant ['imigr4nt]

n.移民，僑民 a.(從國(guó)外)移來(lái)的，移民的

immunity [i'mju:niti]

n.優(yōu)惠；免除；豁免，豁免權(quán)

impatient [im'pei54nt]

a.急躁的，不耐煩的；熱切的，急切的 implication [`impli'kei54n] n.含意，暗示

impose [im'p4uz] vt.強(qiáng)加；使負(fù)擔(dān)；征稅

impress [im'pres] vt.使銘記；蓋印，壓印

impressive [im'presiv] a.感人的，給人以深刻印象的

incentive [in'sentiv] n.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，刺激，誘因

incident ['insid4nt] n.發(fā)生的事；事變

independent [`indi'pend4nt] a.獨(dú)立的，自主的；無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的，中立的；不關(guān)聯(lián)的，無(wú)關(guān)的

indicate ['indikeit] vt.指出，表示；表明

indignant [in'dign4nt] a.憤慨的，憤憤不平的

indispensable [`indis'pens4bl] a.不可缺少的，必需的

indulgence [in'd3ld94ns] n.付款延期

industrious [in'd4stri4s] a.勤勞的，勤奮的

inefficient [`ini'fi54nt] a.效率低的

inevitable [in'evit4bl] a.不可避免的，必然發(fā)生的

infant ['inf4nt]

n.嬰兒，幼兒 a.嬰兒的；幼稚的；初期的

infer [in'f4:] vt.推論，推理

inferior [in'fi4ri4]

a.次的，低劣的；下級(jí)的 n.下級(jí)，下屬

inflate [in'fleit]

vt.使通貨膨脹，使物價(jià)上漲

influential [`influ'en54l] a.有影響的；有勢(shì)力的

inhabitant [in'h1bit4nt] n.居民，住戶(hù)

initial [i'ni54l]

a.最初的，開(kāi)始的 n.首字母

injection [in'd9ek54n]

n.注射，打針，注入；注射劑

injury ['ind94ri]

n.損害，傷害；受傷處

innocent ['in4snt]

a.無(wú)辜的，無(wú)罪的；天真的；無(wú)害的，沒(méi)有惡意的

innovation [`in4u'vei54n] n.革新；新概念，新方法

input ['input]

n.輸入，投入；輸入物 vt.輸入

inquire [in'kwai4]

vt.(=enquire)詢(xún)問(wèn)，打聽(tīng)

inscribing [in'skraibi6] n.注冊(cè)；買(mǎi)或賣(mài)股票；登記

insert [in's4:t] vt.插入，嵌入

insist [in'sist] v.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決主張

inspect [in'spekt] vt.視察；檢查

inspire [in'spai4] v.鼓勵(lì)，鼓舞；使產(chǎn)生靈感

installment [in'st3:lm4nt] n.分期付款；分期收款

install [in'st3:l] vt.(=instal)安裝，設(shè)置；使就職，任命

instinct ['insti6kt] n.本能，直覺(jué)；天性

institute ['institju:t] n.協(xié)會(huì)，學(xué)會(huì)；學(xué)院；研究所 vt.設(shè)立，設(shè)置，建立

instruct [in'str8kt] vt.教，教授；指導(dǎo)，指示；通知

instrument ['instrum4nt] n.儀器；工具；樂(lè)器

insufficient [`ins4'fi54nt] a.不足的，不夠的

insult [in's8lt] vt./n.侮辱，凌辱

insure [in'5u4] vt.保證；給...保險(xiǎn)

integrate ['intigreit] v.成為一體，使合并；求...的積分

intellectual [`inti'lekt5u4l] n.知識(shí)分子 a.智力的

intend [in'tend]

vt.打算，意欲；打算使...成為，想讓...做

intense [in'tens] a.強(qiáng)烈；熱烈的

intensive [in'tensiv]

a.加強(qiáng)的，深入細(xì)致的；集中的

intention [in'ten54n] n.意圖，意向，目的

interaction [`int4r'1k54n] n.相互作用，相互影響；干擾

interfere [`int4'fi4] vi.干涉，干擾；妨礙

intermediary [`int4'mi:di4ri] n.中間商，中間人 a.中間的

intermediate [`int4'mi:di4t]

a.中間的；居中的；中級(jí)的 n.中間物，媒介物

internal [in't4:nl]

a.內(nèi)部的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；內(nèi)心的

interpret [in't4:prit] v.解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明；口譯

interrupt [`int4'r8pt]

v.中斷，打斷；阻礙；打岔，插嘴

interval ['int4v4l]

n.間隔；間歇；(工間、課間)休息

interview ['int4vju:]

n.接見(jiàn)；面試；訪問(wèn) vt.接見(jiàn)，會(huì)見(jiàn)，訪問(wèn)；面試

invade [in'veid]

vt.侵占；侵略；侵犯 invalid [in'v1lid] a.病弱的，有病的；供病人用的；無(wú)效的，失效的，作廢的 n.病人，傷病員

inventory ['inv4nt4ri] n.存貨清單；商品清單

invest [in'vest] v.投資；投入(時(shí)間精力等)；授予，賦予

investigate [in'vestigeit] vt.調(diào)查，調(diào)查研究

invisible [in'viz4bl] a.看不見(jiàn)的，無(wú)形的

involve [in'v3lv] vt.卷入，陷入；連累；包括

isolate ['ais4leit] vt.孤立，隔離

jam [d91m] v.壓緊，被夾住；堵塞，擁擠；卡住不動(dòng)；擠人 n.果醬；阻塞，擁擠；卡住

jealous ['d9el4s] a.妒忌的，嫉妒的；羨慕的；猜疑的；精心守護(hù)的

joint [d93int] n.連接處；關(guān)節(jié) a.共有的；聯(lián)合的；合資的

journalist ['d94:n4list] n.記者，新聞工作者

junk [d986k] n.無(wú)用，無(wú)價(jià)值的東西，廢物；(中國(guó)的)帆船 vt.丟棄，廢棄

junior ['d9u:ni4] a.年少的；后進(jìn)的，下級(jí)的；(年級(jí)、職位等)較低的；(美國(guó)四年制大學(xué))三年級(jí)的 n.年少者，晚輩；下級(jí)；三年級(jí)學(xué)生

justice ['d98stis] n.正義，公正；司法

justify ['d98stifai]

vt.認(rèn)為有理；證明正當(dāng)

keen [ki:n]

a.銳利的；敏銳的；熱心的；激烈的，強(qiáng)烈的

kneel [ni:l] vi.跪著，下跪

lack [l1k]

n./v.缺乏，不足

lag [l1g]

vi.落后，走得太慢 n.滯后，時(shí)間上的間隔

launch [l3:nt5]

v.使(船)下水；發(fā)射；發(fā)動(dòng)，開(kāi)展；使開(kāi)始從事 n.發(fā)射，下水，新產(chǎn)品投產(chǎn)

layoff ['lei'3:f]

n.臨時(shí)解雇；關(guān)閉；停歇

layout ['leiaut] n.布局；設(shè)計(jì)

league [li:g] n.聯(lián)盟；社團(tuán)

leak [li:k]

v.滲漏；泄漏 n.漏洞

lean [li:n]

v.傾斜；依靠，靠在...上 a.瘦的，無(wú)脂肪的

leap [li:p]

vi.跳，躍；飛躍，躍進(jìn)；急速行動(dòng)，沖 n.跳，跳躍；激增，突變

leasehold ['li:sh4uld] n.租賃，租約；租賃權(quán)；租賃期 a.租(來(lái))的

leave [li:v] v.離開(kāi)；留下；遺忘，丟下；聽(tīng)任；交給 n.同意，許可；假期，準(zhǔn)假

legal ['li:g4l] a.合法的；正當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

legend ['led94nd] n.傳說(shuō)，傳奇；傳奇人物

leisure ['le94] n.空閑；悠閑，安逸

lessen ['lesn] v.減少；減輕；貶低

lest [lest] conj.唯恐；以免

liable ['lai4bl] a.易于...的，有...傾向的；有義務(wù)的，有法律責(zé)任的；可能的，大概的

liberal ['lib4r4l] a.大方的，寬容的；自由的，思想開(kāi)明的；自由主義的

license ['lais4ns] n.(=licence)許可證；執(zhí)照 v.準(zhǔn)許，認(rèn)可

likely ['laikli] a.可能的，有希望的；適合的 ad.很可能

likewise ['laikwaiz] ad.同樣地，照樣地；又，也，而且

limb [lim] n.肢，臂，腿；樹(shù)枝

link [li6k] n.環(huán)，鏈環(huán)；聯(lián)系，連接 vt.連接，聯(lián)系

load [l4ud]

n.負(fù)載，負(fù)擔(dān) v.裝載；裝滿(mǎn)，使負(fù)擔(dān)

local ['l4uk4l]

a.地方的，本地的；局部的 n.當(dāng)?shù)厝耍镜厝?/p>

locate [l4u'keit]

vt.找到...位置，使...坐落于；把...設(shè)置在

loss [l3s]

n.喪失；損失；虧損；輸

loyalty ['l3i4lti] n.忠誠(chéng)，忠心

luggage ['l8gid9] n.行李

luxurious [l8g'zju4ri4s] a.奢侈的，豪華的

luxury ['l8k54ri]

n.豪華，奢侈，奢華；奢侈品

macroeconomics [`m1kr4u`i:k4'n3miks] n.宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

magic ['m1d9ik]

n.魔術(shù)；魔法 a.魔術(shù)的；有魔力的

magnetic [m1g'netik] a.有磁性的；有吸引力的

magnificent [m1g'nifisnt]

a.壯麗的，宏偉的；華麗的，豪華的；極好的

maintenance ['meintin4ns] n.保持；維修，保養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)費(fèi)

majority [m4'd93riti] n.大多數(shù)；過(guò)半數(shù) manipulate [m4'nipjuleit] vt.操作，使用(機(jī)器等)操縱(人或市價(jià)，市場(chǎng)等)，控制，影響

manner ['m1n4] n.方式，方法；態(tài)度，舉止；風(fēng)度，禮貌，規(guī)矩

manual ['m1nju4l] a.手工的，體力的 n.手冊(cè)，指南

manufacture [`m1nju'f1kt54] vt.(大量)制造，加工 n.制造，制造業(yè)；產(chǎn)品

margin ['m2:d9in] n.頁(yè)邊空白，邊緣；余地；價(jià)差，利潤(rùn)

marine [m4'ri:n] a.海的，海上的；航海的；海上的，海事的；海軍的 n.海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)士兵

marvelous ['m2:vil4s] a.(=marvellous)奇跡般的，了不起的；妙極的

mask [m2:sk] n.面具，口罩，防護(hù)面具；假面具，偽裝 vt.用面具遮住，遮蓋；掩飾，掩蓋

mass [m1s] n.團(tuán)，堆；大量；質(zhì)量；(pl.)群眾，大眾

masterpiece ['m2:st4pi:s] n.名著，杰作

matter ['m1t4] n.物質(zhì)，物體；事情，問(wèn)題，情況；麻煩事，毛病 vt.有關(guān)系，要緊

mature [m4'tju4] a.成熟的；成年人的；考慮周到的；到期的 v.成熟

maximum ['m1ksim4m]

n.最大限度 a.最大的，最高的

means [mi:nz]

n.方法，方式，手段；金錢(qián)，財(cái)產(chǎn)

meantime ['mi:n'taim]

n.其時(shí)，其間 ad.當(dāng)時(shí)，與此同時(shí)

meanwhile ['mi:n(h)'wail] ad.當(dāng)時(shí)，與此同時(shí)

measure ['me94]

n.尺寸；量具，計(jì)量；度量，測(cè)量；措施，辦法 vt./vi.測(cè)量，計(jì)量；度量；有...長(zhǎng)(寬、高等)

mechanic [mi'k1nik]

n.技工，機(jī)械工；力學(xué)，機(jī)械學(xué)

mediator ['mi:dieit4] n.調(diào)解人；中介人

medium ['mi:di4m]

n.中間；媒介；方法，手段；渠道；居中，適中；新聞媒介 a.中間的

memorial [mi'm3:ri4l]

a.紀(jì)念的，追悼的 n.紀(jì)念碑(堂)，紀(jì)念儀式

mend [mend]

vt.修理，修補(bǔ)；縫補(bǔ)；改正，改進(jìn)

merchandise ['m4:t54ndaiz] n.商品，貨物

merchant ['m4:t54nt] n.商人

mercy ['m4:si]

n.憐憫，寬恕，仁慈；恩惠，幸運(yùn)

merge [m4:d9]

v.合并；吞沒(méi)，消失；結(jié)合，使合為一體 mess [mes] n.混亂，雜亂，臟亂；麻煩；骯臟的人(東西)vt./vi.弄臟，弄亂

microscope ['maikr4sk4up] n.顯微鏡

mild [maild] a.溫暖的，暖和的；溫和的，和善的，柔和的；輕微的，不嚴(yán)重的

military ['milit4ri] a.軍事的，軍用的

minimum ['minim4m] n.最小量，最小限度 a.最小的，最低的

minor ['main4] a.較小(少)的；次要的 n.輔修學(xué)科 v.輔修

minute ['minit,mai'nju:t] n.分鐘；片刻；會(huì)議記錄 a.微細(xì)的，微小的；詳細(xì)的

miracle ['mir4kl] n.奇跡；奇事；令人驚奇的人、事

miserable ['miz4r4bl] a.悲慘的，痛苦的；令人難受的(痛苦的)

misfortune [mis'f3:t54n] n.不幸，災(zāi)難；厄運(yùn)，逆境

mission ['mi54n] n.使團(tuán)；使命，任務(wù)

mobile ['m4ubail] a.活動(dòng)的；機(jī)動(dòng)的，流動(dòng)的；多變的，易變的 n.移動(dòng)電話(huà)

mode [m4ud] n.方式，樣式

modest ['m3dist]

a.謙遜的，謙虛的；適中的，適度的；害羞的

modify ['m3difai] vt.更改，修改；修飾

moist [m3ist] a.潮濕的

monitor ['m3nit4]

n.班長(zhǎng)；監(jiān)視(聽(tīng))器；顯示器 v.監(jiān)視，監(jiān)聽(tīng)；監(jiān)控；檢測(cè)

monopoly [m4'n3p4li]

n.壟斷；專(zhuān)賣(mài)，獨(dú)家經(jīng)營(yíng)；壟斷商品，專(zhuān)賣(mài)商品

mood [mu:d]

n.心境，情緒；語(yǔ)氣(語(yǔ)法)

moral ['m3r4l]

a.道德上的；有道德的 n.寓意；道德，品行

mortgage ['m3:gid9]

n.抵押；抵押契據(jù) vt.抵押(借款)

motive ['m4utiv]

a.發(fā)動(dòng)的，運(yùn)動(dòng)的 n.動(dòng)機(jī)，目的，動(dòng)因

mount [maunt]

v.登上，爬上，騎上；安裝 n.山，峰；支架，底座，底板

mourn [m3:n]

v.哀痛，哀悼；對(duì)...感到痛心

multinational [m8lti'n154nl] a.多國(guó)的；跨國(guó)的 n.跨國(guó)公司

multiple ['m8ltipl]

a.多樣的，多重的，多倍的 n.倍數(shù)

multiples ['m8ltipl4z] n.跨國(guó)公司

multiply ['m8ltiplai] v.使相乘；增加；繁殖

murder ['m4:d4] n./v.謀殺，兇殺

mutual ['mju:t5u4l] a.相互的；共同的

mysterious [mi'sti4ri4s] a.神秘的；可疑的

nationality [`n154'n1liti] n.國(guó)籍；民族

necessity [ni'sesiti] n.必需，急需；(pl.)必需品

negative ['neg4tiv] a.否定的；消極的；負(fù)的，陰性的 n.負(fù)數(shù)；底片

neglect [ni'glekt] vt.疏忽，忽視；忽略

negotiation [ni`g4u5i'ei54n] n.談判

nervous ['n4:v4s] a.神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的，神經(jīng)性的；緊張不安的，神經(jīng)(質(zhì))的

net [net] n.網(wǎng)，網(wǎng)狀物 a.凈的，純凈的 vt.用網(wǎng)捕捉，使落網(wǎng)

neutral ['nju:tr4l] a.中立的；中性的

nonsense ['n3ns4ns] n.胡說(shuō)，廢話(huà)；冒失的行動(dòng)，胡鬧

noted ['n4utid]

a.著名的

nuisance ['nju:sns]

n.討厭的人或事，麻煩事

numerous ['nju:m4r4s] a.許多的，眾多的

obey [4'bei]

v.服從，順從，聽(tīng)話(huà)

object ['3bd9ikt]

n.物體；對(duì)象；目標(biāo)；賓語(yǔ) vi.反對(duì)，拒絕

objective [3b'd9ektiv]

a.客觀的；兵格的 n.目標(biāo)，任務(wù)

oblige [4'blaid9]

vt.迫使，責(zé)成；施恩于

observe [4b'z4:v]

v.觀察；遵守，奉行；評(píng)述

obstacle ['3bst4kl] n.障礙，障礙物

obtain [4b'tein] v.獲得，得到

occasion [4'kei94n]

n.場(chǎng)合；時(shí)機(jī)；重大活動(dòng)；起因，理由 vt.引起

occasional [4'kei94n4l] a.偶然的，不時(shí)的

occupy ['3kjupai]

vt.占領(lǐng)，占有；使忙碌

occur [4'k4:]

vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)；被想起

odd [3d]

a.奇數(shù)的；單個(gè)的；零頭的；古怪的；臨時(shí)的 n.可能性，機(jī)會(huì)

offend [4'fend] v.得罪；使厭惡；違反，違犯

omit [4u'mit] vt.省略，刪去；遺漏；忽略

operation [`3p4'rei54n] n.操作，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；手術(shù)；軍事行動(dòng)，活動(dòng)；數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算

opponent [4'p4un4nt] n.對(duì)手，敵手；反對(duì)者 a.對(duì)立的，對(duì)抗的

oppose [4'p4uz] v.反抗，反對(duì)

opposite ['3p4zit] a.相反的；對(duì)面的 n.相反的事物，對(duì)立面prep.在...的對(duì)面

oppress [4'pres] vt.壓迫，壓制；使心情沉重，使煩惱

optimistic [`3pti'mistik] a.樂(lè)觀的

option ['3p54n] n.選擇權(quán)；選擇；供選擇的事物(人)，選課

organ ['3:g4n] n.器官；機(jī)構(gòu)；風(fēng)琴；新聞媒介，宣傳工具

origin ['3rid9in] n.起源，由來(lái)；血統(tǒng)

ornament ['3:n4m4nt] n.點(diǎn)綴品，裝飾品；點(diǎn)綴，裝飾 vt.裝飾，點(diǎn)綴，美化

otherwise ['804waiz] ad.以另外方式；在其他方面 conj.否則，不然

outcome ['autk8m] n.結(jié)果，結(jié)局

outline ['autlain]

n.提綱，概要；輪廓 vt.概括，概述；描...外形，描...輪廓

output ['autput]

n.產(chǎn)量，生產(chǎn)額；輸出功率 vt.輸出(信息/數(shù)據(jù)等)

outskirts ['autsk4:ts] n.郊區(qū)，邊界

outstanding [aut'st1ndi6]

a.杰出的；突出的，顯著的；未解決的，未償還的

overall ['4uv4r3:l]

a.總體的；全面的，全部的 n.工裝褲，工作服 ad.總的來(lái)說(shuō)

overcome [`4uv4'k8m]

vt.戰(zhàn)勝，克服；壓倒，使受不了

overdraw [`4uv4'dr3:] vt.透支，超支

overdue [`4uv4'dju:] a.過(guò)期的；過(guò)期未付的

overhead ['4uv4`hed]

a./ad.在頭頂上 n.經(jīng)常費(fèi)用，管理費(fèi)用

overhear [`4uv4'hi4] vt.從旁聽(tīng)到，偶然聽(tīng)到

overlook [`4uv4'luk]

vt.俯視；沒(méi)注意到；寬容

overnight [`4uv4'nait]

ad.一夜間；突然地 a.一整夜的；突然的，似乎一夜之間出現(xiàn)的

overseas [`4uv4'si:z] ad.在海外，在國(guó)外 a.海外的，國(guó)外的

overtake [`4uv4'teik] vt.追上，趕上，超過(guò)；襲擊；(暴風(fēng)雨/麻煩等)突然降臨

a.特定(殊)的；特定的，各個(gè)的；特有的；挑剔的；詳細(xì)的，詳盡的 n.(pl.)詳情；細(xì)目

partner ['p2:tn4]

n.伙伴，合作者；搭檔；配偶

passage ['p1sid9]

n.過(guò)道；(時(shí)間)流逝；(文章的)一節(jié)，一段；owe [4u] v.欠，欠債；把...歸功于；對(duì)...負(fù)有義務(wù)，感恩，感激

pace [peis] n.步子；速度；節(jié)奏 v.踱步

pack [p1k] v.包裝；擠滿(mǎn) n.包；一群，一副

paint [peint] v.上油漆；繪，畫(huà)；描繪 n.油漆；顏料

palm [p2:m] n.手掌；棕櫚 vt.把...藏于手掌中

panic ['p1nik] n.恐慌，驚慌 vt./vi.使恐慌，使驚慌失措

parade [p4'reid] n.游行；檢閱 v.游行；列隊(duì)行進(jìn)

paradise ['p1r4dais] n.天堂

parallel ['p1r4lel] a.平行的；類(lèi)似的；并列的 n.平行線；可相比的事物，相似處

partial ['p2:54l] a.部分的；局部的；偏心的

participate [p2:'tisipeit] vi.參與，參加

particular [p4'tikjul4]

經(jīng)過(guò)，通過(guò)

passion ['p154n]

n.激情，熱情；酷愛(ài)；激怒，大怒

passive ['p1siv] a.被動(dòng)的；消極的

passport ['p2:sp3:t] n.護(hù)照

paste [peist]

n.漿糊；面團(tuán) vt.粘，貼

pastime ['p2:staim] n.消遣，娛樂(lè)

pat [p1t]

vt./vi.輕拍；撫摩 n.輕拍，撫摸

patent ['peit4nt, 'p1t4nt] n.專(zhuān)利(權(quán))

patience ['pei54ns] n.耐心；忍耐

patron ['peitr4n]

n.資助人，贊助人；老顧客；主顧

peculate ['pekjuleit]

vt.挪用公款；盜用；貪污

peculiar [pi'kju:lj4]

a.獨(dú)特的；奇怪的，異常的

peep [pi:p] vi.偷看，窺視

penalty ['penlti] n.懲罰；罰金

penetrate ['penitreit] v.穿透；滲入；了解，洞察；刺入，刺穿

pension ['pen54n] n.養(yǎng)老金；撫恤金 vt.發(fā)給...養(yǎng)老金

perceive [p4'si:v] vi.察覺(jué)；認(rèn)識(shí)到，意識(shí)到

perform [p4'f3:m] v.做，履行；表演

permanent ['p4:m4n4nt] a.永久的，持久的

permission [p4'mi54n] n.允許，許可

permit [p4'mit] v.允許，許可 n.執(zhí)照，許可證

persist [p4'sist] vt.堅(jiān)持，執(zhí)意；持續(xù)

personnel [`p4:s4'nel] n.(總稱(chēng))人員，員工；人事部門(mén)

perspective [p4'spektiv] n.透視畫(huà)法，透視圖；前景；看法，觀點(diǎn)

persuade [p4'sweid] vt.勸說(shuō)，說(shuō)服；使相信

pessimistic [`pesi'mistik] a.悲觀(主義)的

pet [pet] n.寵物；寵愛(ài)的人 a.寵愛(ài)的 vt.輕摸，撫摸

petrol ['petr4l] n.汽油

phase [feiz]

n.階段，時(shí)期；方面；相，相位 vt.分階段實(shí)行(計(jì)劃)

phenomenon [fi'n3min4n]

n.現(xiàn)象；非凡的人，特殊的事物

philosophy [fi'l3s4fi]

n.哲學(xué)；哲學(xué)體系；人生觀

physical ['fizik4l]

a.身體的；物質(zhì)的；物理學(xué)的

pioneer [`pai4'ni4]

n.開(kāi)拓者；先驅(qū) vt.開(kāi)拓，開(kāi)創(chuàng)

plain [plein]

a.平常的，簡(jiǎn)單的；易懂的；真誠(chéng)的 n.平原

platform ['pl1tf3:m]

n.平臺(tái)，講臺(tái)；站臺(tái)；(政黨的)宣言，綱領(lǐng)

plot [pl3t]

n.小塊地；陰謀；故事情節(jié) vt.密謀，策劃；繪制...的平面圖

poisonous ['p3izn4s]

a.有毒的，有害的；惡毒的，刻毒的

polish ['p3li5]

v.擦亮，磨光；修改，使優(yōu)美 n.擦光劑，上光蠟

pollutant [p4'lu:t4nt] n.污染物質(zhì)

popularity [`p3pju'l1riti] n.普及，流行；名望

portable ['p3:t4bl] a.輕便的，手提式的

portion ['p3:54n] n.部分，一份 vt.把...分給，分配

portrait ['p3:trit] n.肖像，畫(huà)像

positive ['p3z4tiv] a.肯定的；積極的；正面的；正數(shù)的；陽(yáng)性的 n.正片

possess [p4'zes] vt.占有，擁有

postpone [p4ust'p4un] vt.推遲，延期

potential [p4'ten54l] a.潛在的 n.可能性，潛力

pour [p3:] v.倒，灌，注；流出

poverty ['p3v4ti] n.貧窮，貧困

practical ['pr1ktik4l] a.實(shí)際的；實(shí)用的；可行的

pray [prei] v.請(qǐng)求；祈禱

precaution [pri'k3:54n] n.預(yù)防，警惕；預(yù)防措施

precious ['pre54s] a.寶貴的；珍貴的

predict [pri'dikt] vt.預(yù)言，預(yù)告

preface ['prefis] n.序言，前言

prefer [pri'f4:] vt.更喜歡，寧愿

prejudice ['pred9udis]

n.偏見(jiàn)，成見(jiàn) vt.使有偏見(jiàn)；對(duì)...不利，損害

premium ['pri:mj4m]

n.保險(xiǎn)金；獎(jiǎng)金；額外費(fèi)用 a.高級(jí)的；售價(jià)高的

prescribe [pri'skraib] v.開(kāi)藥方；指定，規(guī)定

presence ['prezns]

n.出席，在場(chǎng)；存在；儀表，儀態(tài)

present ['preznt,pri'zent]

n.目前；禮物 a.在場(chǎng)的；現(xiàn)在的 vt.贈(zèng)送；提出，呈交

presently ['prez4ntli]

ad.一會(huì)兒，不久；目前，現(xiàn)在

preserve [pri'z4:v] vt.保護(hù)；保存；腌制

president ['prezid4nt]

n.總統(tǒng)，主席；(大學(xué))校長(zhǎng)；會(huì)長(zhǎng)；總裁

press [pres]

v.壓，按，榨；逼迫 n.新聞界，出版業(yè)；壓榨機(jī)；壓，按；印刷機(jī)

prestige [pres'ti:9] n.信譽(yù)，威望，聲望

pretend [pri'tend] v.假裝

prevent [pri'vent] vt.預(yù)防，防止；阻止

previous ['pri:vj4s] a.先，前；先前的

primarily ['praim4rili] ad.首先；主要地

prime [praim] a.首要的；頭等的，基本的 n.青春；全盛期 vt.使完成準(zhǔn)備工作

primitive ['primitiv] a.原始的；簡(jiǎn)單的 n.原始人

principal ['prins4p4l] a.最重要的 n.校長(zhǎng)；主要演員，主角；本金

principle ['prins4pl] n.原則；原理

prior ['prai4] a.在...之前，優(yōu)先的

prize [praiz] n.獎(jiǎng)品；值得追求的東西；戰(zhàn)利品 a.第一流的 vt.珍視，珍惜

procedure [pr4'si:d94] n.程序；手續(xù)；過(guò)程

proceed [pr4'si:d] vi.繼續(xù)進(jìn)行；行進(jìn)，前進(jìn)

process ['pr4uses] n.過(guò)程；工序；手續(xù) vt.加工，處理

professional [pr4'fe54nl] n.專(zhuān)業(yè)人員，內(nèi)行；自由職業(yè)者 a.專(zhuān)業(yè)的；職業(yè)的；以...為職業(yè)的

profit ['pr3fit] n.得益；利潤(rùn) v.得益；有利于

profound [pr4'faund] a.深度的，深切的；知識(shí)淵博的；深?yuàn)W的

progressive [pr4'gresiv]

a.進(jìn)步的；循序漸進(jìn)的；進(jìn)行式

prohibit [pr4'hibit] vt.禁止，不準(zhǔn)

project [pr4'd9ekt]

n.規(guī)劃；工程；項(xiàng)目 v.設(shè)計(jì)；放映；投射；突出，使伸出

promise ['pr3mis]

n.諾言；希望，出息 v.允諾，答應(yīng)；有指望

promote [pr4'm4ut]

vt.促進(jìn)；提升；提倡；促銷(xiāo)

prompt [pr3mpt]

a.敏捷的；即時(shí)的 vt.促使，推動(dòng) n.提示臺(tái)詞

proof [pru:f]

n.證據(jù)；證明；校樣

property ['pr3p4ti]

n.財(cái)產(chǎn)；性能，特性；房產(chǎn)，物業(yè)

proportion [pr4'p3:54n] n.部分；比例；均衡

propose [pr4'p4uz]

vt.建議，提議；求婚；提名，推薦

prospect ['pr3spekt]

n.前景；展望；可能的主顧

prosperity [pr3'speriti] n.繁榮，興旺，富有

protect [pr4'tekt] vt.保護(hù)，防衛(wèi)

protest [pr4'test]

v.抗議，反對(duì) n.抗議書(shū)

proud [praud]

a.自豪的；驕傲的

provide [pr4'vaid] v.供給；提供；規(guī)定

psychology [sai'k3l4d9i] n.心理學(xué)

punctual ['p86ktju4l] a.正點(diǎn)的；準(zhǔn)時(shí)的

purchase ['p4:t54s] n.購(gòu)買(mǎi)；購(gòu)買(mǎi)的物品 vt.買(mǎi)，購(gòu)買(mǎi)

purify ['pju4rifai] v.凈化；使純潔

purity ['pju4riti] n.純凈；純潔；純度

purpose ['p4:p4s] n.目的，意圖；用途；效果

pursue [p4'sju:] vt.追逐；追求；從事

puzzle ['p8zl] n.難題；謎；迷惑 v.(使)困惑；(使)為難

qualify ['kw3li`fai] v.使合格，使勝任；限制，限定；適合

quantity ['kw3ntiti] n.量，數(shù)量；大量

queue [kju:] n.長(zhǎng)隊(duì) vi.排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)

quit [kwit] v.離開(kāi)，退出；放棄

racial ['rei54l] a.種族的

rage [reid9]

n.憤怒；風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的事物，時(shí)尚

raise [reiz]

vt.舉起；提高；增加；提出；引起；養(yǎng)育 n.提升，增加

range [reind9]

n.一系列；山脈；范圍；射程；靶場(chǎng) vi.排列；變動(dòng)；涉及；漫游 vt.使排列成行

ransom ['r1ns4m] n.贖金 vt.贖回；贖出

rare [re4]

a.稀有的，罕見(jiàn)的；稀疏的；珍奇的，出類(lèi)拔萃的

rate [reit]

n.(比)率；速度；等級(jí)；費(fèi)用 vt.對(duì)...估價(jià)；給...定級(jí)；值得，應(yīng)得

raw [r3:]

a.生的；未加工的；未經(jīng)分析的，原始的；無(wú)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；(傷口等)露肉而疼痛的

react [ri(:)'1kt]

vt.反應(yīng)；起作用；起反作用；起化學(xué)反應(yīng)

reap [ri:p]

v.收割，收獲；獲得，得到

recall [ri'k3:l]

vt.回憶，想起；收回；叫回 vi.記得，回想

receipt [ri'si:t]

n.收到；收條，收據(jù)；收入，進(jìn)款

recession [ri'se54n]

n.不景氣，經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退；撤退，后退

reckless ['reklis]

a.粗心大意的；魯莽的

recognition [`rek4g'ni54n] n.識(shí)別；認(rèn)可；承認(rèn)；賞識(shí)，表彰

recommend [`rek4'mend] vt.推薦，介紹；勸告；使成為可取，使受歡迎

reconcile ['rek4nsail] vt.調(diào)解；使一致；使順從

recreation [`rekri'ei54n] n.消遣，娛樂(lè)

recycle [`ri:'saikl] v.回收利用

reduction [ri'd8k54n] n.減少，縮小，縮減；下降

referee [`ref4'ri:] n.裁判員；仲裁人；證明人vi./vt.當(dāng)裁判

refine [ri'fain] v.精煉，提純；使完美

reflect [ri'flekt] v.反射，反映；思考

reform [ri'f3:m] v./n.改革，改良，改造

refresh [ri'fre5] vt.提神，振作；使清新

refund [ri:'f8nd] v./n.還款；退款

refute [ri'fju:t] v.駁斥，反駁

regard [ri'g2:d] vt.視為，認(rèn)為；考慮；注意；注重 n.(pl.)敬重；致意；方面

register ['red9ist4]

v.登記，注冊(cè)，掛號(hào)；注意到；表達(dá) n.注冊(cè)；登記簿

regular ['regjul4]

a.定期的；勻稱(chēng)的；經(jīng)常的；規(guī)則的；整齊的；固定的

regulate ['regjuleit] vt.控制；調(diào)整

reinforce [`ri:in'f3:s] vt.加強(qiáng)，增援

reject [ri'd9ekt]

v.拒絕，抵制；丟棄；駁回 n.次品；廢品

relate [ri'leit]

v.適應(yīng)，和睦相處；有關(guān)聯(lián)；關(guān)聯(lián)，聯(lián)系 vt.相互關(guān)聯(lián)；講述，敘述

relax [ri'l1ks]

v.放松，休息；松懈

release [ri'li:s]

vt.釋放；解除；發(fā)行，發(fā)表；放開(kāi)

reliable [ri'lai4bl] a.可靠的

relief [ri'li:f]

n.緩解，解除；救濟(jì)

relieve [ri'li:v]

vt.使輕松；緩解；救濟(jì)

reluctant [ri'l8kt4nt] a.不情愿的，勉強(qiáng)的

rely [ri'lai]

vi.依賴(lài)，依靠；信賴(lài)

remain [ri'mein]

n.(pl.)殘余；遺跡；遺體 vi.剩下；依然是；

繼續(xù)；留待，尚需

remark [ri'm2:k] n.話(huà)語(yǔ)，評(píng)論，意見(jiàn) v.說(shuō)，議論，評(píng)論；注意到

remedy ['remidi] n.藥品；治療辦法 vt.補(bǔ)救，糾正；治療

reminder [ri'maind4] n.催付單

remote [ri'm4ut] a.偏僻的；遙控的；疏遠(yuǎn)的；絕少的；孤高的

remove [ri'mu:v] v.排除，去掉；搬遷；把...免除；脫下，摘下

renew [ri'nju:] vt.更新；繼續(xù)；重新開(kāi)始；延長(zhǎng)(...的)有效期

replace [ri'pleis] vt.放回原處；取代

representative [`repri'zent4tiv] a.有代表性的，典型的 n.代表，代理人

reputation [repju(:)'tei54n] n.名譽(yù)，名聲；聲望

rescue ['reskju:] vt./n.營(yíng)救，救援

resemble [ri'zembl] vt.像，類(lèi)似

reserve [ri'z4:v] vt.保留；預(yù)訂 n.儲(chǔ)備(資金)；替補(bǔ)隊(duì)員；緘默；自然保護(hù)區(qū)

reservoir ['rez4vw2:]

n.水庫(kù)，蓄水池；(人才，知識(shí)等)儲(chǔ)藏，匯集

residence ['rezid4ns] n.住宅，住處；居住

resign [ri'zain]

v.辭職；放棄；聽(tīng)從

resist [ri'zist]

v.抵抗，抵制；抗(疾病等)；忍住

resolution [`rez4'lu:54n]

n.決心；決議；解決；分辨率，清晰度

resort [ri'z3:t]

vi.憑借，求助；采取 n.求助；勝地；采用地手段

resource [ri's3:s]

n.(pl.)資源，財(cái)力；謀略

respect [ri'spekt]

vt.尊敬；尊重 n.尊重；敬意；尊敬

respective [ris'pektiv] a.各自的，各個(gè)的

respond [ris'p3nd] vi.答復(fù)；響應(yīng)，反應(yīng)

response [ris'p3ns]

n.答復(fù)，響應(yīng)；反應(yīng)，響應(yīng)

restless ['restlis]

a.不安的，焦躁的；得不到休息的

restore [ris't3:]

vt.恢復(fù)；歸還；修復(fù)

restrain [ris'trein] vt.抑制，制止

restrict [ris'trikt]

vt.限制，約束

result [ri'z8lt] n.結(jié)果；成果；成績(jī) vi.產(chǎn)生于；結(jié)果導(dǎo)致

resume [ri'zju:m] vt.重新開(kāi)始；繼續(xù)，恢復(fù)

retain [ri'tein] vt.保持，保留

retell [`ri:'tel] v.復(fù)述

retire [ri'tai4] v.離開(kāi)；退休；就寢

retreat [ri'tri:t] vi.撤退，退卻；退縮；后退

reveal [ri'vi:l] vt.揭露；泄露；顯示

revenue ['rev4nju:] n.收入；稅收

review [ri'vju:] v.復(fù)習(xí)；回顧；評(píng)論 n.審查；復(fù)習(xí)；評(píng)論；檢閱

revise [ri'vaiz] vt.修訂，修改；復(fù)習(xí)

revive [ri'vaiv] v.振興，重振；再生；恢復(fù)

reward [ri'w3:d] n./vt.酬勞；獎(jiǎng)賞

ridiculous [ri'dikjul4s] a.荒謬的，可笑的

ripe [raip] a.熟的，成熟的；時(shí)機(jī)成熟的

risk [risk]

n.危險(xiǎn)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；引起危險(xiǎn)的事物 vt.冒...的危險(xiǎn)

rival ['raiv4l]

n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手，敵手;可與匹敵的人 a.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的 vt.與...競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

role [r4ul]

n.角色；作用；任務(wù)

root [ru:t]

n.根；根源；祖籍 v.生根，扎根

rotten ['r3tn]

a.腐爛的；腐朽的；很差的

rough [r8f]

a.表面不平的；大致的；粗魯?shù)模换靵y的；艱難的；粗制的；狂暴的 ad.簡(jiǎn)陋地；粗暴地 vt.草擬；毆打

rouse [rauz]

vt.喚醒，喚起；驚起

routine [ru:'ti:n]

n.常規(guī)，慣例；例行公事 a.常規(guī)的

royal ['r3i4l]

a.皇家的，王室的；第一流的，高貴的

rub [r8b] v.擦，摩擦

rude [ru:d]

a.粗魯?shù)模淮致模淮直┑?/p>

rumour ['ru:m4]

n.(=rumor)謠言；傳聞

rural ['ru4r4l] a.農(nóng)村的

rust [r8st] n.銹 v.生銹

sacred ['seikrid] a.神圣的；宗教性的；莊嚴(yán)的

sacrifice ['s1krifais] n.犧牲，犧牲品；祭品 v.祭祀；犧牲，獻(xiàn)身

sake [seik] n.理由，緣故

sample ['s2:mpl] n.樣品，標(biāo)本 vt.抽樣，取樣；品嘗，體驗(yàn)

satiety [s4'tai4ti] n.飽和；(市場(chǎng)的)充分供應(yīng)

satisfy ['s1tisfai] vt.使?jié)M足，使?jié)M意；使確信；符合，達(dá)到

scale [skeil] n.刻度；比例尺；規(guī)模；(pl.)天平；比例 vt.攀登，爬越

scan [sk1n] v.細(xì)看；瀏覽，略讀；掃描 n.掃描

scarcely ['ske4sli] ad.幾乎不，簡(jiǎn)直不；剛剛，才；決不

scare [ske4] vt.受驚，驚恐 vi.感到害怕 n.驚恐

scatter ['sk1t4] v.散布，傳播；驅(qū)散；撒

schedule ['5edju:l,'sked9ul] n.時(shí)間表，進(jìn)度表 vt.安排，預(yù)定

scheme [ski:m] n.計(jì)劃，規(guī)劃；陰謀 vt./vi.密謀

scholar ['sk3l4]

n.學(xué)者；獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金獲得者

scholarship ['sk3l45ip] n.學(xué)識(shí)；獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金

scold [sk4uld] v.責(zé)罵，訓(xùn)斥

scope [sk4up]

n.(活動(dòng)、影響的)范圍；(發(fā)揮能力的)余地

scorn [sk3:n]

n.輕蔑；嘲笑 vt.藐視；不屑于

scream [skri:m]

v./n.尖叫，發(fā)出刺耳聲

screen [skri:n]

n.屏幕；屏風(fēng) v.掩蔽，遮蔽；放映電影；審查

screwdriver ['skru:`draiv4] n.螺絲起子

seal [si:l]

v.密封 n.印章；封條；海豹

secure [si'kju4]

a.安全的；無(wú)憂(yōu)慮的；牢固的 vt.使安全；獲得；束縛

security [si'kju4riti] n.安全；保證，保證金

seek [si:k]

v.尋找；追求；探索；征求意見(jiàn)

senior ['si:nj4]

a.年長(zhǎng)的，資格老的 n.較年長(zhǎng)者；畢業(yè)班學(xué)生

sensible ['sens4bl] a.合情理的；明智的

sensitive ['sensitiv] a.敏感的；靈敏的；易受傷害的

separate ['sep4rit] v.分開(kāi)，分離；劃分；區(qū)分；分居 a.分離的，單獨(dú)的；不同的

setback ['setb1k] n.挫折；退步

settle ['setl] v.安定；安家；停息；解決

severe [si'vi4] a.嚴(yán)重的；嚴(yán)厲的；艱難的；樸素的

shade [5eid] n.陰影，陰涼處；遮光物，燈罩，簾 vt.遮蔽，遮光

shake [5eik] v.搖動(dòng)，震動(dòng)；發(fā)抖；動(dòng)搖，挫折

shame [5eim] n.羞恥，恥辱；憾事；可恥的人 vt.使丟臉；使感到慚愧

shape [5eip] n.外形，形狀；狀況 v.成形，形成；使具體化，整理；使...適合

shareholder ['5e4`h4uld4] n.股東，股票持有人

shelf [5elf] n.架子；擱板

shelter ['5elt4] n.隱蔽物；避難所；住所 v.掩蔽，遮蔽

shift [5ift] v.變換；改變；移動(dòng) n.轉(zhuǎn)換，轉(zhuǎn)變；輪班

shiver ['5iv4]

vi./n.戰(zhàn)栗，發(fā)抖

shock [53k]

n.沖擊；震動(dòng)；震驚；休克；電擊 vt.震動(dòng)，震驚；使休克

shortage ['53:tid9] n.不足，缺乏

shortcoming ['53:t`k8mi6] n.缺點(diǎn)，短處

shower ['5au4]

n.陣雨；(一)陣；淋浴(器)vt./vi.下陣雨；洗淋浴

sightseeing ['saitsi:i6] n.觀光，游覽

signal ['sign4l]

n.暗號(hào)，信號(hào)；標(biāo)志 v.發(fā)信號(hào)；標(biāo)志著

signature ['signit54] n.署名，簽字

significance [sig'nifik4ns] n.意義；重要性

similar ['simil4] a.類(lèi)似的，相似的

simplify ['simplifai] vt.簡(jiǎn)化

sincere [sin'si4] a.真誠(chéng)的，誠(chéng)摯的

singular ['si6gjul4]

a.獨(dú)特的，非凡的；單數(shù)的

skim [skim]

v.瀏覽，略讀；掠過(guò)；撇(去)

slack [sl1k]

a.蕭條的；松弛的；懈怠的 n.繩索的松弛部；運(yùn)動(dòng)褲；淡季 vi.偷懶，懶散

slash [sl15] v.(大幅度地)削減；減低；鞭打；苛刻的批評(píng) n.深砍，砍痕

slender ['slend4] a.微薄的；苗條的

slide [slaid] v.滑動(dòng)，滑落；悄悄地移動(dòng) n.滑坡；滑道；幻燈

slightly ['slaitli] ad.有點(diǎn)，稍微

slip [slip] v.滑倒；溜走；下降；悄悄放進(jìn) n.失誤，疏忽

slope [sl4up] n.斜坡；斜面 v.傾斜

sluggish ['sl8gi5] a.蕭條的，停滯的

slum [sl8m] n.貧民窟；陋巷

smart [sm2:t] a.精明的；時(shí)髦的，漂亮的；厲害的 vi.劇痛

smog [sm3g] n.煙霧

smuggle ['sm8gl] v.走私；偷運(yùn)

snip [snip] n.便宜貨；廉價(jià)貨

soak [s4uk] v.浸，泡；浸濕；使?jié)裢?/p>

soar [s3:]

v.高飛；滑翔；猛增；高漲

sole [s4ul]

a.唯一的，單獨(dú)的 n.鞋底

solution [s4'lu:54n]

n.解決(辦法)；溶解；溶液

solve [s3lv] vt.解答，解決

something ['s8m7i6]

pron.某物，某事 n.重要的事物，有一定意義的事物

sore [s3:]

a.疼痛的；令人痛心的；極度的，劇烈的；傷心的 n.痛處，瘡口

sound [saund]

vi.發(fā)聲；聽(tīng)起來(lái) n.聲音 a.健全的；徹底的；正當(dāng)?shù)模懈鶕?jù)的

sour [sau4]

a.酸味的；脾氣壞的 v.變酸；變得乖戾

source [s3:s]

n.來(lái)源，出處；根源

span [sp1n]

n.一段時(shí)間；跨度，跨距 v.持續(xù)；橫跨

spare [spe4]

v.讓給，抽時(shí)間；饒恕；免去；節(jié)省 a.剩余的；備用的 n.備件，備用品

specialize ['spe54laiz]

v.(=specialise)專(zhuān)門(mén)研究，專(zhuān)攻；專(zhuān)業(yè)化

specific [spi'sifik]

a.具體的；特定的；明確的 n.詳情，細(xì)節(jié)

specimen ['spesimin] n.樣本，標(biāo)本

spectacle ['spekt4kl] n.大場(chǎng)面；奇觀；(pl.)眼鏡

spend [spend] v.花費(fèi)；消耗，度過(guò)，消磨

sphere [sfi4] n.球體；天體；范圍

split [split] n.分裂；劈開(kāi)，撕開(kāi) n.裂口；分裂

spoil [sp3il] vt.損壞，使無(wú)用；寵壞

sponsor ['sp3ns4] n.主辦人，發(fā)起人 vt.發(fā)起，主辦；贊助；支持

spot [sp3t] n.污點(diǎn)，斑點(diǎn)；地點(diǎn)；少量 v.認(rèn)出，發(fā)現(xiàn)；沾污，弄臟

spread [spred] v.伸開(kāi)；傳播；涂，敷 n.傳播，蔓延；幅度，范圍；整版的文章；涂抹食品的醬

spring [spri6] v.跳，跳躍；涌現(xiàn) n.跳躍；彈簧；春天(季)；泉，源泉

squeeze [skwi:z] v.擠壓，壓榨；壓縮；拮據(jù) n.榨取；緊握

stability [st4'biliti] n.穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性；安定

stadium ['steidj4m] n.(周?chē)锌磁_(tái)的露天)體育場(chǎng)

staff [st2:f]

n.全體職員；(軍隊(duì))參謀部 vt.配備人員

stage [steid9]

n.舞臺(tái)；階段；戲劇表演 v.上演；主辦

stagnation [st1g'nei54n] n.停滯

stain [stein]

n.污點(diǎn)，污跡 v.沾污，弄臟；染色，著色

stake [steik]

n.投資本金；樁；有獎(jiǎng)賽馬；股份，利害關(guān)系 vt.以...打賭，拿...冒險(xiǎn)

stale [steil]

a.陳腐的；不新鮮的

standpoint ['st1ndp3int] n.立場(chǎng)，觀點(diǎn)

stare [ste4]

v.盯，凝視 n.凝視

steep [sti:p] a.險(xiǎn)峻的，陡峭的；過(guò)高的；急劇的 vt.浸泡，沉浸

steer ['sti4] v.駕駛，掌舵

stem [stem]

n.莖，干；詞根 vi.起源于

stick [stik]

n.棍，棒 v.刺，戳，粘貼

stiff [stif]

a.僵硬的；呆板的；費(fèi)勁的；拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?/p>

stimulate ['stimjuleit] vt.刺激；激勵(lì)；激發(fā)

stir [st4:]

v.移動(dòng)；攪和；激起 n.驚動(dòng)，轟動(dòng)

stock [st3k] n.儲(chǔ)存，儲(chǔ)藏；備料，存貨；股票；世系；家畜 vt.儲(chǔ)備，儲(chǔ)存

strain [strein] v.拉緊；盡力，過(guò)勞；扭傷 n.極度緊張；張submarine ['s8bm4ri:n] a.水底的，海底的 n.潛水艇

submit [s4b'mit]

v.屈服，服從；呈交；主張

subordinate [s4'b3:dinit]

a.下級(jí)的；次要的 vt.使居于次要地位 n.部力；旋律，曲調(diào)

strategy ['str1tid9i] n.戰(zhàn)略，策略，計(jì)謀

strengthen ['stre674n] vt.加強(qiáng)，鞏固

stress [stres] n.壓力；重音；腔調(diào)；應(yīng)力 vt.強(qiáng)調(diào)，著重；重讀

stretch [stret5] v.伸展；延伸 n.拉長(zhǎng)；伸展；一段時(shí)間/路程

strike [straik] v.打，擊；打動(dòng)，感動(dòng)；發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到；罷工；敲響 n.罷工

stuff [st8f] n.材料，原料；東西 vt.填滿(mǎn)，塞滿(mǎn)；讓...吃飽

subcontract [s8b'k3ntr1kt] n.轉(zhuǎn)包合同；分契；對(duì)象

subject ['s8bd9ikt] n.主題；學(xué)科；主語(yǔ) a.隸屬的；易遭...的 vt.使隸屬；使服從

subjective [s4b'd9ektiv] a.主觀的；主語(yǔ)的

sublet ['s4b'let] v.轉(zhuǎn)租；分租

下，下屬

subsequent ['s8bsikw4nt] a.隨后的，后來(lái)的

subsidy ['s8bsidi] n.補(bǔ)貼；補(bǔ)助金

substance ['s8bst4ns]

n.物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)；要旨；財(cái)產(chǎn)；根據(jù)

substitute ['s8bstitju:t]

n.代替；代用品 vt.替換；取代

subtract [s4b'tr1kt] vt.減去

suburb ['s8b4:b] n.郊區(qū)

succession [s4k'se54n]

n.接續(xù)；繼任；一連串，一系列

successive [s4k'sesiv] a.接連的，連續(xù)的

successor [s4k'ses4] n.接班人，繼承人

sufficient [s4'fi54nt] a.足夠的，充分的

suicide ['suisaid] n.自殺；自殺事例

summarize ['s8m4raiz]

vt.概括，概述，總結(jié)

superficial [`su:p4'fi54l] a.表面的；膚淺的

superior [su(:)'pi4ri4] a.優(yōu)越的；優(yōu)于...的；上級(jí)的；有優(yōu)越感的 n.上級(jí)

supervise ['sju:p4vaiz] v.管理；監(jiān)督

supplement ['s8plim4nt] n.增刊；補(bǔ)遺 vt.增補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)充

supply [s4'plai] vt.提供；滿(mǎn)足，彌補(bǔ)；提供 n.供給；供應(yīng)量；存貨，必需品

supreme [sju(:)'pri:m, sju:`] a.最高的；最重要的

surgeon ['s4:d94n] n.外科醫(yī)生

surname ['s4:neim] n.姓

surpass [s4'p2:s] v.超越，勝過(guò)；超過(guò)...的界限

surplus ['s4:pl4s] n.過(guò)剩；結(jié)余 a.多余的，過(guò)剩的

surrender [s4'rend4] v.投降；屈服于；放棄 n.投降

surround [s4'raund] vt.圍繞；包圍

survey ['s4:vei] vt.眺望；測(cè)量；勘查，調(diào)查；全面審視 n.全面審視；測(cè)量；調(diào)查

survive [s4'vaiv]

v.幸存，活下來(lái)；比...命長(zhǎng)

suspicion [s4s'pi54n]

n.懷疑，疑心，猜疑；一點(diǎn)兒

swallow [sw3l4u]

n.燕子 v.吞下，咽下；輕信；承受 vi.咽下一口水

swear [swe4]

v.發(fā)誓，宣誓；咒罵

swell [swel]

vt./vi.增大；鼓起；增強(qiáng) n.波浪起伏；鼓起；增強(qiáng)

swing [swi6]

v.擺動(dòng)；旋轉(zhuǎn) n.擺動(dòng)；秋千

switch [swit5]

n.開(kāi)關(guān)；轉(zhuǎn)換；枝條 v.變換，轉(zhuǎn)換；關(guān)斷；接通

symbol ['simb4l] n.象征；標(biāo)記，符號(hào)

sympathize ['simp47aiz]

v.同情；憐憫，共鳴；體諒，贊同

symptom ['simpt4m] n.癥狀；征候

synthetic [sin'7etik]

a.綜合的；合成的，人造的

tame [teim]

a.馴服的；乏味的 vt.馴服；制服

target ['t2:git]

n.靶子；目標(biāo)，指標(biāo) vt.瞄準(zhǔn)

tariff ['t1rif] n.收費(fèi)表；關(guān)稅

tear [ti4, te4] n.眼淚 v.撕，撕裂，撕開(kāi)；猛沖

technique [tek'ni:k] n.技術(shù)；手藝

technology [tek'n3l4d9i] n.技術(shù)；工藝；工藝學(xué)

tedious ['ti:di4s] a.冗長(zhǎng)的，乏味的

telegram ['teligr1m] n.電報(bào)

teller ['tel4] n.出納員

temporary ['temp4r4ri] a.暫時(shí)的；臨時(shí)的

temptation [temp'tei54n] n.引誘，誘惑

tendency ['tend4nsi] n.趨勢(shì)，傾向

tender ['tend4] a.溫柔的；脆嫩的；敏感的；疼痛的 vt./vi.提出；投標(biāo)

tense [tens] a.拉緊的；緊張的 n.(動(dòng)詞的)時(shí)態(tài)

terrific [t4'rifik] a.非常的，極好的；極大的

territory ['terit4ri] n.領(lǐng)土；領(lǐng)域

textile ['tekstail] a.紡織的 n.紡織品

theme [7i:m]

n.主題，題目；主題曲，主旋律

theory ['7i4ri]

n.理論；學(xué)說(shuō)；見(jiàn)解

thermometer [74'm3mit4] n.溫度計(jì)

thirsty ['74:sti] a.渴的；渴望的

thoughtful ['73:tful]

a.深思的；體貼的，關(guān)心的

threaten ['7retn]

v.恐嚇，威脅；預(yù)示快要來(lái)臨，是...的征兆；可能發(fā)生

thrift [7rift] n.節(jié)儉，節(jié)約

thrive [7raiv] vi.興旺，繁榮

tidy ['taidi]

a.整潔的，整齊的 v.整理，收拾

tight [tait]

a.緊的，牢固的；緊身的；緊的；密封的，銀根緊的 ad.緊緊地，牢牢地

timid ['timid] a.膽怯的，怯懦的

tolerate ['t3l4reit]

vt.忍受，容忍；忍受，容忍

toll [t4ul]

n.(路、橋等)通行費(fèi)；(重大)損失；死傷人數(shù)

tolerant ['t3l4r4nt] a.容忍的，寬容的

torture ['t3:t54] n./vt.拷打，拷問(wèn)；折磨

tough [t8f] a.困難的，難對(duì)付的；強(qiáng)壯的；粗暴的；老的；強(qiáng)硬的

trace [treis] n.痕跡，蹤跡；少許 vt.跟蹤，追蹤，查找；描繪

track [tr1k] n.跑道；軌道；路線，軌跡 vt.跟蹤，追蹤，尾隨

tragedy ['tr1d9idi] n.悲劇；慘事，災(zāi)難

transaction [tr1n'z1k54n] n.交易；辦理；學(xué)報(bào)，會(huì)報(bào)

transfer [tr1ns'f4:,'tr1nsf4]] v.遷移，調(diào)動(dòng)；轉(zhuǎn)車(chē)；轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)；轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)^(guò)戶(hù) n.轉(zhuǎn)移，遷移；轉(zhuǎn)讓?zhuān)^(guò)戶(hù)

transform [tr1ns'f3:m] vt.轉(zhuǎn)變；改造；變換；變壓

transmit [tr1nz'mit] vt.傳遞；傳播；播送

transparent [tr1ns'pe4r4nt] a.透明的；明顯的

trap [tr1p] n.陷阱；圈套；困境 vt.設(shè)陷阱；誘捕；使陷困境

treaty ['tri:ti] n.條約；協(xié)定

tremble ['trembl] vi.發(fā)抖，顫抖；搖動(dòng)；擔(dān)心 n.顫動(dòng)；晃動(dòng)

tremendous [tri'mend4s] a.巨大的，驚人的；精彩的

trend [trend]

n.傾向，趨勢(shì)；時(shí)新款式 vi.傾向；伸向

trial ['trai4l]

n.試驗(yàn)；審訊；討厭的人

triangle ['trai16gl] n.三角，三角形

trick [trik]

n.詭計(jì)，花招，騙局；敲門(mén)；惡作劇 vt.哄騙，欺騙

trifle ['traifl]

n.少量；小事，瑣事 vi.嘲笑，輕視

triumph ['trai4mf]

n.凱旋，勝利 vi.戰(zhàn)勝，獲勝

tropical ['tr3pik4l] a.熱帶的，炎熱的

tuition [tju(:)'i54n]

n.學(xué)費(fèi)；(某一學(xué)科的)教學(xué)，講授，指導(dǎo)

typical ['tipik4l]

a.典型的，有代表性的

ultimate ['8ltimit]

a.最后的，最終的 n.頂點(diǎn)

undergo [`8nd4'g4u] vt.經(jīng)歷，遭受

underline [`8nd4'lain] vt.在...之下劃線；強(qiáng)調(diào)

undertaking [`8nd4'teiki6] n.保證，許諾；事業(yè)

uniform ['ju:nif3:m]

a.一致的，一律的 n.制服，軍服

unique [ju:'ni:k] a.獨(dú)特的，獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；極不尋常的，極好的

unite [ju(:)'nait] v.聯(lián)合，統(tǒng)一；團(tuán)結(jié)

universal [`ju:ni'v4:s4l] a.普遍的；通用的；全世界的

universe ['ju:niv4:s] n.宇宙，萬(wàn)物；領(lǐng)域

unload [8n'l4ud] vt.卸貨

uphold [8p'h4uld] v.舉起；堅(jiān)持，擁護(hù)；贊成

upset [8p'set] vt.使不安，使苦惱；打亂；弄翻 n.翻倒，擾亂；不適 a.心煩的；不適的

urge [4:d9] vt.鼓勵(lì)；催促；力勸 n.迫切的要求

urgent ['4:d94nt] a.急迫的，緊急的；急需的

utilize ['ju:tilaiz] vt.利用，使用

utmost ['8tm4ust] a.極度的；最遠(yuǎn)的 n.極度，最大可能

utter ['8t4] vt.說(shuō)，講；發(fā)出(聲音)a.完全的，徹底的

vacant ['veik4nt] a.空的；未被占用的；茫然的

vacation [v4'kei54n]

n.休假，假期

vague [veig]

a.模糊的；不明確的

vain [vein]

a.徒勞的；愛(ài)虛榮的 n.徒勞，枉然

validity [v4'liditi] n.有效性；正確

vanish ['v1ni5]

vi.消失；消散；消滅

vary ['ve4ri]

v.變化，改變；相異

vast [v2:st]

a.巨大的，廣闊的；大量的

venture ['vent54]

n.投機(jī)，冒險(xiǎn)；拼，闖 v.冒險(xiǎn)；敢于；大膽表示

verify ['verifai]

vt.證明，證實(shí)；查清

via ['vai4] prep.經(jīng)，通過(guò)

vice [vais]

n.罪惡；惡習(xí)；缺點(diǎn) a.副的，代理的

victim ['viktim] n.犧牲品；受害者

viewpoint ['vju:p3int] n.觀點(diǎn)，看法

vigorous ['vig4r4s]

a.精力充沛的，生氣勃勃的；有力的

violent ['vai4l4nt] a.猛烈的；強(qiáng)暴的

virtue ['v4:t5u:] n.美德；優(yōu)點(diǎn)

visible ['viz4bl] a.可看得見(jiàn)的；明顯的

vital ['vaitl] a.生死攸關(guān)的，極為重要的；充滿(mǎn)生起的，有生命的

vivid ['vivid] a.生動(dòng)的，栩栩如生的；鮮艷的

void [v3id] a.無(wú)效的，作廢的；無(wú)敵的 n.真空；空虛感 vt.使無(wú)效

volume ['v3lju:m] n.卷，冊(cè)；體積，容量；音量

voluntary ['v3l4nt4ri] a.自愿的，志愿的

volunteer [`v3l4n'ti4] n.志愿者(兵)vt./vi.自愿提供；自愿；當(dāng)志愿兵

vote [v4ut] n.表決，投票；選票(數(shù))；表決結(jié)果 v.表決，選舉

waken ['weik4n] v.醒來(lái)；喚醒

warn [w3:n] vt.警告，告誡

warranty ['w3r4nti] n.保證書(shū)，擔(dān)保書(shū)

waterproof ['w3:t4pru:f] a.不透水的，防水的

wholesale ['h4ulseil] n.批發(fā)

withdraw [wi0'dr3:] vt.收回；撤退；提款

worship ['w4:5ip] n./v.崇拜，敬仰，敬奉

worthwhile [`w4:7'wail] a.值得做的

wreck [rek]

n.遇難，失事；殘骸；精神(身體)已垮的人vt.(船、飛機(jī))失事；破壞，毀壞

yearly ['j4li]

a.每年的 ad.每年，一年一次地

yield [ji:ld]

vi.倒塌；屈 vt.生長(zhǎng)；讓出，放棄 n.產(chǎn)量；投資等的收益

zeal [zi:l] n.熱情，熱忱

2007年MBA匯特訓(xùn)篇聯(lián)考輔導(dǎo)詞

（蔣軍虎）

詞匯是一切英語(yǔ)考試的基礎(chǔ)。沒(méi)有過(guò)硬的詞匯量，不能讀懂地道的文章；沒(méi)有一定的詞匯量，不能寫(xiě)出令人驚嘆的優(yōu)美句子。然而能在最短的時(shí)間里，掌握所需的詞匯量則是一件令人頭痛的事情。

“背字典，背單詞表”，雖然立竿見(jiàn)影，但來(lái)得快，忘得也容易；

“從句子中背單詞”，雖然有可能記得很牢，但速度又不行； 對(duì)策：

? 分重點(diǎn)小范圍的過(guò)（對(duì)單詞的分類(lèi)記憶）。

? 符合構(gòu)詞法的詞。

? 詞匯中注意形似、意似和音似的。? 詞組要多過(guò)幾遍，特別是同一個(gè)詞與不同的介詞和副詞搭配的詞組更是重點(diǎn)。? 背詞與做題相結(jié)合，不一定非要拘泥于mba的題。

? 在系統(tǒng)地過(guò)上兩、三遍之后，把不熟悉的詞匯詞組挑出來(lái)抄在一個(gè)小本上，只看這個(gè)小本上的詞匯就可以了。? 到復(fù)習(xí)中段時(shí)，看單詞不用連續(xù)的大片時(shí)間，而是見(jiàn)縫插針，比如學(xué)其他科目累了，翻翻這個(gè)小冊(cè)子，或者睡覺(jué)前翻翻。

? 在前期只需要反復(fù)地翻看詞匯表，通過(guò)重點(diǎn)地閱讀和做題來(lái)強(qiáng)化記憶，畢竟記單詞是要在文章中記憶比較牢，單純的記一個(gè)詞效果不大。要注意適應(yīng)看單詞，而不是背單詞，因?yàn)闆](méi)有閱讀的鞏固，只是抱著詞匯書(shū)背，作用只是事倍功半，浪費(fèi)力氣。

? 通過(guò)聯(lián)想和對(duì)比的方式記單詞

我們會(huì)對(duì)MBA考試所涉及的常用詞匯進(jìn)行比較、分析，通過(guò)六次課的學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)構(gòu)詞法、詞根、詞綴等有全面而系統(tǒng)的認(rèn)識(shí)，迅速有效地?cái)U(kuò)充詞匯量。

MBA英語(yǔ)精品詞綴詞根

（1）a-：amoral（nonmoral），apathy，atheism，apolitical，atonal，avocation

asleep，astir，alone，accustomed，ashamed，alike

（2）ab-：abuse，abnormal，abstract，absent（3）able：fashionable，respectable，responsible，eatable，avoidable，imaginable，considerable，comfortable

（4）anti-：antiwar，antisocial，antimatter，antipathy

（5）auto-：autograph，autobiography，automobile，autocracy（democracy，monocracy）

（6）be-：befriend，belittle；

become, before, behind, because, befall, behalf, bewilder, bewitch（7）bi-：

bicycle，bilateral，bilingual，bimonthly，biped（雙足動(dòng)物），biplane，bicentennial（二百周47 年）

（8）bio-：biology，biography，autobiography，biochemistry，biosphere（生物圈）

（9）by-：by-product，by-work，by-effect，by-law，by-channel，by-end（10）centi-：centigrade，centimeter，centennial，centigram，centilitre（11）co-：co-operate，co-exist，coauthor（12）col-：colleague，collect，collide，collaborate，collocate，collateral（13）com-：common，comrade，communicate，compromise，company，compete，communism（14）con-：contest，concentrate，congress，conversation，confront，conform，contract，（15）cor-：correlate，correspond，（16）contra-：contrary，contrast，contradiction，contra-missile，contra-natural（17）counter-：counteract，counterattack，counterpart，counterrevolutionary，counterclockwise，（18）de-：dehair，defog，defrost，dehire，dehumaninize，decode，degrease

depress，depose，descend，decrease，deform，denationalize，deface，destructure，（19）di-：dilemma，dioxide，dialogue，dialectical

（20）dis-：disable，discover，disclose，disadvantage，dispose，discontinue，disconnect，disappear，distribute，disagree，dishonest，disorder

（21）en-：encourage，endanger，enclose，enlist，enrich，entitle，enlarge，enslave，encircle，enjoy，ennoble，（22）-en：golden，wooden

whiten，blacken，deepen，widen，48 sadden，strengthen（23）-er/or：actor，waiter，teacher，hunter，emperor，spectator，cooker，loud-speaker，typewriter，tractor，conductor，skyscraper（24）equi-：equiform，equator，equivalent（25）ex-： export，express，exit，cxclude，extend，expand，expel，exceed，excel，excellent，external，explicit

ex-wife，ex-minister，ex-president，ex-premier（26）extra-：extraordinary，extravagant，extracurricular，extreme，extramarital（affairs），（27）fore-：forecast，forelegs，forehead，forearm，forefather，forebear，foresee，foretell，foremost，foredoom，（28）hemi-：hemicycle，hemisphere，（29）hydro-：hydrogen，hydroelectric，hydroplane，hydrophobia，hydroscope

hydrobiologist，（30）hyper-：hypercritical，hypersensitive，hyperslow，hyperaggressive

（31）im-： impossible，improbable，impatient，imprecise，impolite，impure

immortal，immovable，immobile，immediate，immature，immeasurable，immoderate，immodest

import，impress，impede，imprison，immigrate，implode，implant，（32）in-：inadequate，invaluable，infamous，innutrition，indefinite，inactive，invisible，insignificant，indirect，intake，income，interior，invade，investigate，involve，invest，include，indoor，influence，inborn，innate，insert，insight，inherit

（33）il-： illegal，illiterate，illogical，illigetimate，illimitable，illiberal，（34）ir-：irrational，irrelevant，irresistable，irresponsible，irregular，irrecoverable，irreligious，（35）inter-：international，internet，interculture，interplanetary，intercontinental，interview，interact，interprete，interchange，intermarry

intermix，interrupt，interlude（prelude），interval，interfere，intervene，intersect，（36）macro-：macroeconomics，macrocosm，macroclimate，macromolecule（37）micro-：microeconomics，microsoft，microphone，microscope，microcomputer，microwave，microfilm（38）mal-：maltreat，malfunction，malnutrition，maladjusted（39）

-meter

： gas/electicity/water/millimeter/centimeter，kilometer，thermometer（40）mid-：midday，midnight，mid-term，（41）milli-：millimeter，milliliter，milligram（42）mini-：minibus，miniskirt，ministate，minidictionary，minister，minimum，diminish

（43）maxi-：maximum，maximize，maxiskirt（44）mis-：mistake，misuse，mislead，mischief，misbehavior，misjudge，misdirect，misunderstand，（45）mono-：monocycle，monotonous，monk，monastary，monopoly，monoraph，monologue，monoxide，monolingual，monoarch，（46）multi-：multilateral，multilock，multiple，multimedia，multistorey，multipurpose，multifunction，（47）non-：nonstop，nonchalent，non-alighnment，non-violence，nonverbal，non-native speaker，50

第二篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)作文

投訴信

日期 Dear sir,(第一段)I am sorry to inform you that I am unhappy about__________________，so I regret to have to complain _____________（提出投訴，表示遺憾）(第二段)There are ________________(問(wèn)題1)，______________(造成的影響)；___________________(問(wèn)題2)，_________________(造成的影響)；（該段主要用于陳述不滿(mǎn)的原因）。（第三段）

I would appreciate it very much if your company could look into the matter and arrange for a replacement of the faulty goods promptly.So I propose that you___________________________________________, I am looking forward to your earliest reply.（該段主要提出補(bǔ)救的建議）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見(jiàn)詞和關(guān)鍵詞：late delivery，cause，fulfill order，on checking the goods receive(當(dāng)驗(yàn)貨時(shí))，I found that, since the late delivery has caused dissatisfaction among our customers, I considering, discount, I suggest that, I propose that, recently, refuse, as you known, after-sales service, breakdown, immediate, shipment, delay，道歉信

日期 Dear sir，（第一段）

Thank you for your letter of ______（時(shí)間）.I am very sorry to hear about your problems with my faulty.I had no idea that you were in any way dissatisfied.(感謝對(duì)方告知實(shí)情，并表示道歉)（第二段）

If you had let me know earlier, I could have investigated this immediately.Please allow

me

to

explain

what happened.__________________________________(解釋原因)； ————————————（提出解決方案）；if you experience any difficulties, please call me or fax me at once and I will take immediate action.（該段用于解釋原因并提出解決方案）（第三段）

Please let me apologize to express how sorry I am.I will make efforts to prevent a recurrence.(我們將盡力防止此事再次發(fā)生)

Sincerely yours XXX

常見(jiàn)詞和關(guān)鍵詞：excellent,apologize

感謝信

日期 Dear Sir,（第一段）

I am writing this letter to express my gratitude for your warm reception while I ______________________。（告之感謝對(duì)方什么）（第二段）

Your sincerity was most impressive.Without your help, things would not have gone so smoothly.___________;_____________;______________(l列舉對(duì)方如何幫助我們)。It is hard to imagine what my life have been like without your care and help.（恭維對(duì)方，描述如何幫助我們）（第三段）

I am anticipating further cooperation.In return for your hospitality, I would like to invite you to ____________（邀請(qǐng)來(lái)做什么），I am looking forward to seeing you again at that time.（對(duì)未來(lái)關(guān)系展望）

Sincerely yours XXX

常見(jiàn)詞和關(guān)鍵詞：hospitality，warm reception,heartfelt thanks,colleagues

邀請(qǐng)函

日期 Dear XXX，（第一段）

I am delighted to invite you and your delegation of 10 people to pay a working visit to china for a week in September or October 2011.the propose of visit is_____________________(邀請(qǐng)來(lái)做什么事情)；（第二段）

I highly appreciate our undergoing the discussion on_____________(在什么地方的討論)，and expect a have fruitful meeting with you in China.By the way, your group’s board,lodging and all other expenses will be coverd by us.Should you have some questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Very truly yours XXX

圖表作文

（第一段）

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________（圖表主題）。The first thing we notice is that_____________（圖表最大特點(diǎn)）/the changes in the number of _____over the period from______to_____.This means that as ___________________（進(jìn)一步描述）。(該段描述圖表的性質(zhì)，簡(jiǎn)單闡述其特點(diǎn))

（第二段）

As can see from the above chart, _____________（圖表細(xì)節(jié)一）。After ving_________（細(xì)節(jié)一的變化），the ____________（緊跟著的變化）。The figures also tells us that___________________圖表細(xì)節(jié)二）。In the secondary，we can see that ______________accounts for _________（進(jìn)一步描述）。

A number of factors may have contributed to this situation.Above all,________________（原因1）,second,_________________(原因2),A major reason is that_________________________（原因3）。（該段對(duì)圖表的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，并闡述原因）

（第三段）

Judging from this chart，we can draw the conclusion that___________（結(jié)論）。It is high time that we ______________（發(fā)出倡議）。/there is every reason to believe that the trend will continue in the foreseeable future.總結(jié) 關(guān)鍵詞匯：

increase,decrease,fell,decline,sharply,dramatically,significantly,rapidly,steadily,slightly,remained unchanged, rise gradually, peaked at, low level, reached the peak, three-fold increase, A increase gradually while B decrease, A and B are closely related, table，對(duì)比觀點(diǎn)型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a heated debate over the relative importance of _________versus_______.Whereas some people hold that __________is more important than _________, others argue that the reverse is true.(對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述)（第二段）

Those who take the first view assume that ___________(對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行介紹),in contrast, the second opinion is based on the assumption that_________________(對(duì)觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行介紹).（第三段）

As for me, I advocate the first view point.The reasons are as follows: Firstly, _____________________________________________________ Secondly, ___________________________________________________ Finally, _________________________(闡述自己選擇的觀點(diǎn)的理由)In my opinion, it does not make sense to generalize about which is more important, ___________ or ____________.Their relative importance depends on specific contexts.So the debate is essentially a chicken-and egg problem.關(guān)鍵詞：nowadays, for example，問(wèn)題解決型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a lot of debate over____________（問(wèn)題）/ scandal was disclosed, people and government and international communities were shocked.It is reported that________________(寫(xiě)一個(gè)報(bào)道內(nèi)容)，this situation calls for close attention from the general public.(該段對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行描述)（第二段）

A number of factors have contributed to the emergence of this problem.Firstly, _________________________________________________ Secondly, ________________________________________________ Thirdly, ________________________________________________ Another factors worth mentioning is that_____________________(該段要寫(xiě)問(wèn)題產(chǎn)生的原因或者影響)（第三段）

To solve the problem, several measures can be taken.Premerily, ____________________________________________ Secondly,_________________________________________ The most significant measure is___________________________(該段要寫(xiě)解決問(wèn)題的方法)關(guān)鍵詞匯：positive effect , negative effect, to reduce the negative effect, A large number of ,the situation is associated with several factors, incident，accident, is likely to harm the reputation of , address, issue, It is necessary to, domestic-brand, distributor, fundamental，對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型

（第一段）

Across the world throughout history, it often happens that different people perceive the same objective thing differently.For example, two typical points of view have been expressed concerning_____________________(引出文章討論的對(duì)象)(第二段)Some people think that ________________, they cite the following as major reasons: firstly, ______________,secondly,__________________.（介紹第一種觀點(diǎn)，并解釋原因）(第三段)Others argue that _________________.they base this argument mainly on The following grounds: first, _______________.second,_____________.（介紹第二種觀點(diǎn)，并解釋原因）

For my point, I advocate the first viewpoint.My reasons are as follow: First,_______________.second,______________.third,____________.(發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)并說(shuō)明原因)或者都不同意，自己提出新觀點(diǎn)：

I do not agree with other of the view.In my opinion,_______________, The reason why_______________________________________ 關(guān)鍵詞匯：disagreement, whereas, different people have different view, thereby，獨(dú)立觀點(diǎn)型

(第一段)In recent years, more and more people tend to______________________ /there has been a growing trend among___________________________ /with the development of economic globalization, more and more people___________________。This phenomenon is receiving more and more attention from the general public.(該段要求對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行描述)（第二段）

I think we should take a positive/negative attitude towards it.The reasons are as follows.First, _________________, second,_________________.Finally,_______________.(該段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，并說(shuō)明原因)（第三段）

From the above analysis, we can see that _____________________.there is every reasons that this trend will continue and even grow stronger in the future, because_____________________./I firmly believe that_____________________(該段總結(jié)展望)關(guān)鍵詞匯：

opportunity, personally, oppose, convinction, rethink, strategy, owing to, appeal, on the practical side, as well as, benefit from this sort of, not only…but also, obviously,

第三篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作例題及

便條就是一種簡(jiǎn)單的書(shū)信，內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)短，大多是臨時(shí)性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告訴別人而又不能面談時(shí)，就可以寫(xiě)便條，如請(qǐng)假條、留言條等等，一般不寫(xiě)地址，與普通書(shū)信基本相同。具有用途廣泛、形式簡(jiǎn)單、文字要求不嚴(yán)格的特點(diǎn)。便條都不用郵寄。例一：請(qǐng)假條。寫(xiě)請(qǐng)假條時(shí)，如有醫(yī)生出具的證明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack 親愛(ài)的派克先生：

非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前來(lái)上課。現(xiàn)附上醫(yī)生證明，醫(yī)生擔(dān)心我也許要幾天后才能上課。希望我這次身不由己的缺勤不致給您帶來(lái)很大的麻煩。

忠實(shí)于您的杰克

例二：留言條。可用于說(shuō)明一件事、做一次活動(dòng)安排以及詢(xún)問(wèn)等等，應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)。寫(xiě)留言條，日期部分寫(xiě)在右上角，一般只寫(xiě)星期幾，或星期幾上午、下午或具體鐘點(diǎn)。Dear peter: I have done all my things here.i sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.this is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever, Jack 親愛(ài)的彼特：

我在這里的事情已經(jīng)全部辦好。這次麻煩你了，我萬(wàn)分感激。我定于今天下午兩點(diǎn)乘火車(chē)返家，特來(lái)辭行，并請(qǐng)代向你的妻子問(wèn)好。

摯友

杰克

The bar chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes havetaken place in terms of the situation of part-time jobs in a certain university.Although the participation percentage of part-time jobs from university thefirst year to the third year almost remain stable, we can see that percentageof university the fourth year has been on a sharp rise。

In the freshman year, based upon the data of the chart, the participationpercentage of part-time jobs is nearly 67.77%;the second year, 71.13%;thethird year, 71.93%.Surprisingly, the percentage rises dramatically to 88.24%in the senior year。

For my part, it’s of no difficulty for us tocome up with some possible factors to account for this trend.For example, dullnessand loneliness are common problems of seniors, therefore more seniors take partin part-time jobs.But the sources of this phenomenon go way deeper.It is theturbulent employment environment that shapes this trend.For hunting jobs andthen broadcasting their ambition, seniors try all means to gather workingexperience.I believe that finding reasons can be described as a bridge betweenproblems and solutions.(187words)(文都 徐可風(fēng))

網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合a blessing or a curse?

As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe that it is a blessing, while others hold that it is a curse to society.Let's look at the good points of TV.Firstly, it can bring people new information in time from every corner in the world.People can enjoy their favourite programs at home.For example, Discovery is the program I like most, not only because it is interesting, but also because it provides some knowledge I cannot get from books.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.A case in point is that some programs are full of violence and these programs unwittingly set terrible examples for audience.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.In my opinion, the attitude toward TV all depends on oneself.Mature persons are always capable to keep themselves away from its bad influence.But one thing is important： we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.● How to...題型

模板1

Along with the great economic development/the development of people's living standard in China and the high call for dealing with 主題 , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主題.But how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is 方法1.Another way to solve the problem of 主題 is 方法2.Finally 方法3.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government/We should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.(119 words)

范文:

How to solve unemployment problem?

Along with the great economic development in China and the high call for dealing with unemployment problem , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by unemployment.But, how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is to change people's traditional idea and encourage them to channel their own career.Another way to solve the problem of unemployment is to develop the tertiary industry.Finally we can find other ways to solve this problem.For example, increasing government investment.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.模板2

主題 is an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels: internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, 方法1.On the national level, government must see to it 方法2.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, 方法3.For instance, 例子.Second, 方法4.In a word, 主題 is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.(81 words)

范文:

How to fight against pollution?

Pollution, with the development of modern industry, is becoming an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels： internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, every country should realize the seriousness of pollution and put all our heads together to fight against it.On the national level, government must see to it that severe measures should be carried out.These measures could help to reduce pollution and protect our environment.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, I think we should make changes to our life styles.For instance, we can try and use public transport or bicycles as much as possible.Second, we can protest against any bad actions.In a word, pollution is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.模板3

主題 is the foundation of our future development.If 主題 become poor/sick/worse, it is impossible for us to attain our goal.On the other hand, if 主題 become strong/good, we can achieve our dreams.How can we have good 主題 ? First, we should 方法1.Second, we should 方法2 , such as 例子.Third, there is a proverb that says, “ 諺語(yǔ).” If we pay attention to 主題 , we can avoid 缺點(diǎn)1 or at least 缺點(diǎn)2.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than 主題.In good 主題 , we can get more development.In good 主題 , we can lead a happy life.(90 words)

范文:

How to improve our health?

It is known to us all that health is the foundation of our future success.If our health become poor, it is impossible for us to attain our goals.On the other hand, if our health becomes good, we can finally achieve our dreams.How can we have good health ? There are some advices for you as follows.First, we should keep on doing exercise every day.Second, we should form some good habits , such as early rising, taking exercise regularly.Third, there is a proverb that says, “Prevention is better than cure.” If we pay enough attention to our health , we can avoid getting sick or at least cure ourselves of a disease while it is still at an early stage.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health.In good health , we can get more development in our career.Only being in good health , we can lead a happy life.模板4

Today the problem of 主題 has become more and more serious.現(xiàn)象1,2,3.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect 主題.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.(88 words)

范文：

How to protect environment?

Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.What we will leave to our offspring might be a desperate future.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Although we have already achieved some success, we still have a long way to go.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.模板5

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that 主題 is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by 主題.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for 方法1.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for 原因.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective ways to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must 方法2.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?(97 words)

范文：

How to solve the energy problem?

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that energy crisis is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by energy crisis.Although many people have realized this and some concerned experts have taken many measures, the crisis is still threatening.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of natural resources.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present habitual waste of energy is very serious.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective way to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the limited supplies.No mountain can never be conquered and no problem can never be solved.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?

第四篇：MBA MPA考試聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)小作文大作文萬(wàn)能

一、建議信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的Para2 S1 處境現(xiàn)狀（嚴(yán)重）。S2 有建議。S3 建議1。S4 建議2。（S5 建議3。）Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making some suggestions to improve the service of our library.【P2S1】Although our library functions positively(積極的)in enriching the students’ campus life, its service goes far from being desired.【P2S2】In my eyes, the following measures need to be taken as soon as possible.【P2S3】In the first place, why not arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall? 【P2S4】In addition, the students should have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines.(【P2S5】Lastly, you should(/ had)better maintain strict order at the reading room.)

【P3S1】Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter(/I sincerely hope that you will take my advice into consideration).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜)(/I am looking forward to seeing some new changes in the service).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

二、感謝信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的（感謝）

Para2 S1 原因1。S2 原因2。S3 感謝方式（邀請(qǐng)對(duì)方）。Para3 S1 再次感謝。S2 祝福對(duì)方。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my sincere thanks(/gratitude)to you for your warm reception(/hospitality)while I was in America(/While I participated(參加，參與)in the exchange program in America).【P2S1】Your generous(慷慨的, 大方的,慷慨給予的)help made it possible that I had a pleasant stay and a chance to know America culture better.【P2S2】Besides, I consider it an honor for me to made friends with you and I will cherish(珍愛(ài), 珍視, 愛(ài)護(hù)，鐘愛(ài))the goodwill(友誼)you showed to me wherever I go.【P2S3】I do(/genuinely /sincerely)hope that you would(/will)visit China in due course(適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候)so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay yours kinds and refresh our friendship(加深友誼).【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt gratitude(由衷感謝).【P3S2】Wish you all the best.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

三、祝賀信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的 Para2 S1 艱辛（你）。S2 激動(dòng)（你）。S3 值得（你）。S4 鼓舞（我）。S5 驕傲（我）。

Para3 S1 再次祝賀。S2 期待更大成功。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my warmest congratulations on your graduation from the Graduate School(/your promotion to general manager of the company(榮升公司總經(jīng)理)).【P2S1】I know how hard you have worked to attain(（通常經(jīng)過(guò)努力）實(shí)現(xiàn), 達(dá)到, 獲得，得到)this goal.【P2S2】Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition(after all these years of painstaking efforts(艱苦努力)).【P2S3】Indeed, no one could have been more deserving than you.【P2S4】On the other hand, for me, it will be a real encouragement to see your efforts rewarded(看到你的能力得到回報(bào)).【P2S5】In short, I take great pride in your current achievements.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt(/sincere/genuine)congratulations on your success.【P3S2】I wish you will farther success(更大的成功).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

四、推薦信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的Para2 S1（其）現(xiàn)狀。S2（其）目的。S3（其）困難。S4（其）愿望。S5（己）期待。

Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待（套語(yǔ)）。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of introducing(/recommending)to you Li Ming, one of my best friends(/colleagues/students/classmates).【P2S1】Presently(/At present)he(/she)is studying at Sichuan University.【P2S2】He(/She)will go to Harvard University in your place for farther study.【P2S3】As it will be the first time for him to study abroad, he will most likely encounter（碰到）a variety of problems(通用句).【P2S4】He(/She)hopes to obtain your guidance in many ways.【P2S5】I would be grateful if you could can kindly offer help(通用句).【P3S1】Thank you for your due attention to this letter(/Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

五、辭職信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的Para2 S1 有因。S2 原因（工作性質(zhì)）1。S3 原因2。S4 強(qiáng)調(diào)目的（辭職）。Para3 S1 感謝（曾經(jīng)提供機(jī)會(huì)）。S2 期待批準(zhǔn)。（S3 致歉損失。）

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Mr.Wang，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of informing you of my decision to(通用句)resign(/resigning)from my current position.【P2S1】After two months of work, I find it inappropriate(不合適的)for me to take the position as an editor for the following reasons.【P2S2】Firstly(/In the first place / First and foremost), I ever expected the job to be challenging and rewarding(挑戰(zhàn)與回報(bào)), which has turned out to be the opposite.【P2S3】Besides, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to spport.【P2S4】Therefore I have made up my mind quit after much deliberation(深思熟慮;研究).【P3S1】Thanks(/Thank you)for having offered me the splendid(/golden)opportunity to work with the outstanding staff(優(yōu)秀員工)here.【P3S2】I genuinely(/sincerely)do hope that you will approve of my resignation.(【P3S3】I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.)

Yours faithfully(忠實(shí)地), Zhang Wei

六、求職信

1、模板：

Para1（S1 自我介紹。）S2 寫(xiě)信目的。Para2 S1 有資質(zhì)（條件）。S2 條件1（教育背景）。S3 條件2（工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)）。（S4 條件3（自身素質(zhì)）。）S4 其它詳細(xì)見(jiàn)簡(jiǎn)歷。

Para3 S1 感謝。S2 期待。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position as advertised in China Daily(/the local newspaper / on TV).【P1S2】I am an undergraduate from Sichuan University.【P2S1】My qualifications are as follows(/My qualification, I believe, amply meet your requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, my specialty(/specialty / major), English education(/marking), ensures(/guarantees(保證;商品保證))that my educational background is right(/perfectly)in line with(跟?一致)this job.【P2S3】In second, my previous experience as a middle school English teacher(/a sales manager(?/assistant))has helped lay a solid foundation(堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ))for the work here.(【P2S4】In the third, I a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.)【P2S5】Please refer to my attached my resume for more details.【P3S1】I would appreciate it very much if you could schedule an interview.【P3S2】Looking(/I am looking)forward to your reply(to hear from you)at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

七、邀請(qǐng)信（公函）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 自我介紹。S2 目的。

Para2 S1 活動(dòng)1。S2（套語(yǔ)）邀請(qǐng)。S3 活動(dòng)2。S4（套語(yǔ)）邀請(qǐng)。Para3 S1 再次邀請(qǐng)。S2 期待（回復(fù)/來(lái)否）。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam，【P1S1】I am head(/director)of the Household Electric Appliance Plant, which is a leading manufacturer of high-quality recording equipment.【P1S2】I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you to an exclusive(發(fā)布會(huì))presentation of our new models of Digital Recorders.【P2S1】The occasion(活動(dòng))(/presentation)will take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January.【P2S2】I would feel it a great honor if you could come.【P2S3】There will also be a reception at two P.M.【P2S4】I hope you will attend too.【P3S1】Since your presence(參加)is so important to this presentation, I do(/sincerely / sincerely)hope you can make it(由衷希望您想法設(shè)法前來(lái)參加).【P3S2】We are looking forward to seeing on the day.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

八、道歉信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的Para2 S1 致歉（具體原因）。S2 深深歉意。S3 解決辦法1。S4 問(wèn)題解決。Para3 S1 再次歉意。S2 期待諒解。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Bob，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making an apology to you for my carelessness(粗心大意)(/expressing / conveying / extending my sincere apologies to you for my carelessness).【P2S1】When I arrived(/returned)home, I found(that)I had forgotten to return the music CD that you were so kind to lend me.【P2S2】I feel badly(/awfully)sorry for it.【P2S3】As I understand this CD is one of your favorites, I’ll try my best to send it back as soon as possible.【P2S4】According to the regulations concerned, it will take almost a week to reach Canada.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt apology.【P3S2】I sincerely hope that we can keep corresponding with each other.(/ 【P3S1】Once again, I am sorry to my inconvenience caused.【P3S2】I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

九、投訴信（complaint）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的 Para2 S1 原因（總述）。S2 原因1。S3 原因2。S4 處境。Para3 S1 要求。S2 期待解決。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

To whom if may concern(/ To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making a complain about the laptop I bought last week.【P2S1】The reason for my dissatisfaction(/complaint)is that a few problems occurred in the use.【P2S2】To begin with, the system often broke down for no reason and some important data were lost.【P2S3】More over(/ in addition), the color of the screen was abnormal, and could not be adjusted.【P2S4】Considering these(鑒于以上原因), I find it difficult to go on with my work.【P3S1】I believe that you will take this matter into serious consideration and gibe a satisfactory reply.【P3S2】At the same time(/In the meantime / meanwhile), I sincerely hope to see improvement in your products(/service / management).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十、請(qǐng)求信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 寫(xiě)信目的Para2 S1 有要求。S2 要求1。S3 要求2。S4 要求3。S5 我的計(jì)劃。Para3 S1 再次請(qǐng)求。S2 感謝/期待。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of finding a child in a remote area to offer financial aid(/contributing to “Project Hope” by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area).【P2S1】My requirement are as follows(/The candidate should amply meet the following requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, he must be very poor and truly in need of help.【P2S3】Besides, he must be self-motivated and eager to learn.【P2S4】Last but not the least, he must be willing to return to his home town after graduation from university.(【P2S5】And I would send him a certain sum of money each semester term from this year on until he finishes his higher education.【P3S1】I would be most grateful if you could help me in this matter.【P3S2】Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated.(通用句)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十一、通知

1、模板：

Para1 S1 緣由。S2 主題。S3 要求（總述）。S4 要求1。S5 要求2。S6時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)。S7希望/歡迎。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Notice 【P1S1】To improve the student’ ability and enrich campus life(/extracurricular activities(課外活動(dòng))), the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.【P1S2】The qualifications for the applicants are as follows.【P1S3】To begin with, the candidates should have outstanding skills at English.【P1S4】In addition, they must have a strong professional sprit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35.【P1S5】Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience are preferred.【P1S6】Those who are interested in this activity may sign up with the monitor of their classes before February 1,2011.【P1S7】Everybody is welcome to join in it.【署通知單位】Postgraduates’ Association

【通知時(shí)間】January 15, 2011

十二、備忘錄

1、模板：

Para1 S1 緣由+主題。S2 內(nèi)容（有）。S3 要求1。S4 要求2。S5 報(bào)名時(shí)間地點(diǎn)。S6期望。(時(shí)間+收發(fā)人+事由)

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

Data: January 15, 2011

To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Zhang Wei Subject: Spring Excursion(正文Message:)

【P1S1】As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable(怡人的)，the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban county(Huairou District).【P1S2】The activities include mountain-climbing and picnic(爬山和野餐).【P1S3】All the students of the English Department anr encouraged to participate.【P1S4】We remind(提醒)you of the necessity(必要)of bringing some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.【P1S5】Those who are interested in this activity(/excursion)may sign up with the monitor of their classed before April 1, 2011.【P1S6】Everybody is welcome to join in it.十三、報(bào)告

1、模板：

Para1 S1 目的Para2 S1 主要活動(dòng)（總述）。S2 活動(dòng)1。S3 活動(dòng)2。S4 活動(dòng)3。Para3 S1 接下來(lái)。S2 期望/展望。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：

To: Professor Barbara From: James Green Data: January 15, 2011

Subject: First progress report on graduation thesis(畢業(yè)論文)(正文Message:)略。

十四、大作文

1、模板：【4|5|2陣型】

Para1 【己點(diǎn)】S1 有現(xiàn)象+具體現(xiàn)象。S2 有不同“點(diǎn)”。S3 正點(diǎn)+反點(diǎn)。S4 己點(diǎn)。

Para2 【己據(jù)】S1 有據(jù)（總）。S2 據(jù)1。S3 例1。S4 據(jù)2。S5 據(jù)3（換句話(huà)說(shuō)To put it in another way）。

Para3 【己據(jù)】S1 強(qiáng)化己點(diǎn)。S2 預(yù)測(cè)（評(píng)論）。

2、說(shuō)明：（?）部分可省略；（/?）部分可以替換；【?】部分是提示實(shí)際不要。

3、范文：【2010年1月MBA 作文】

【P1S1】In this chart, it can be seen that the subscription number of mobile phones in developed countries had a steady but slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and has remained constant since then.【P1S2】Meanwhile, the subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a dramatic increase, especially from 2004 to 2008.【P2S1】It’s no difficult job to come up with some possible factors to account for this phenomenon.【P2S2】At the top of the list is the recent huge improvement of people’s living standards in developing countries.【P2S3】It is reported that, with the rapid economic growth of these counties, mobile phones have become a life necessity overnight rather than a luxury.【P2S4】Besides we must admit that developing countries have a far larger population and accordingly a larger demand for mobile phone services than developed countries.【P2S5】Finally, what is responsible for the situation is that the mobile phone service in developing countries has been increasingly cheaper these years.【P2S6】In developed countries, however, the speed of the mobile phone service had been more efficient and therefore the market was soon saturated.【P3S1】As discussed above, it is no surprise to see this difference..【P3S2】And I firmly believe that this established trend will continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years.========================

【P1S1】These days, there is an increasingly hot topic among the general public which concerns the phenomenon that a growing number of college students are willing to work as a nurse after graduation.【P1S2】Whenever it comes to this issue, there will spring up a wide variety of voices.【P1S3】Some people view it as beneficial, while still some others consider that it is not suitable or acceptable for a developing country like China.【P1S4】So far as I am concerned, I am inclined to support the former view.【P2S1】It is of no difficulty for me to put forward some arguments to illustrate my standpoint.【P2S2】At the top of the list, with the rapid development of Chinese economy and the steady improvement of living standard, there is an increasing demand for high quality nurses.【P2S3】Based upon a recent Internet survey, about 56% of Chinese families in big cities are in need of this kind of highly educated workforce.【P2S4】What’s more, we must admit that there is a fierce competition in the current Chinese employment market.【P2S5】Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, in the long run, as an emerging profession in China, highly educated nurses will be widely recognized and respected.【P3S1】There is no denying the fact that people will have diverse views on the same issue, but my standpoint is clear and well founded in the foregoing discussions.【P3S2】Therefore, I believe, the current trend should be encouraged rather than discouraged or even banned.

第五篇：MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)之英譯漢答題步驟

MBA聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)之英譯漢答題步驟

英譯漢是運(yùn)用漢語(yǔ)把英語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的思想準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達(dá)出來(lái)的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)而英譯漢的過(guò)程則是正確理解英語(yǔ)原文和創(chuàng)造性地用漢語(yǔ)再現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)原文的過(guò)程, 在英譯漢的過(guò)程中, 有兩點(diǎn)值得我們特別地注意:(1)漢語(yǔ)所要表達(dá)的是英語(yǔ)原文的內(nèi)容, 即句子或文章的意義, 而不是句子結(jié)構(gòu);(2)在翻譯過(guò)程中, 英語(yǔ)原文的內(nèi)容要準(zhǔn)確而完整地重新表達(dá)出來(lái)而不是將兩種語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的轉(zhuǎn)換因此,在做英譯漢的題目時(shí), 漢語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意義應(yīng)與原文保持一致, 而漢語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)只是為這一表達(dá)服務(wù), 而不應(yīng)拘泥于原文另外, 應(yīng)付英譯漢考試和一般的從事翻譯創(chuàng)作不同, 因?yàn)楦髯杂胁煌暮饬繕?biāo)準(zhǔn), 翻譯創(chuàng)作的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為“信達(dá)雅”, 而英譯漢考試則只要做到“忠實(shí)通順”即可要做到忠實(shí)原文,就應(yīng)該掌握好適度原則, 即要把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確完整地表達(dá)出來(lái), 既不能改變和歪曲, 也不能增加或刪減例如, He is seriously ill.這本來(lái)是一個(gè)極為簡(jiǎn)單的句子, 可將其翻譯為“他病得歷害”或“他病得很重”, 但有人為了追求譯文所謂的“漂亮”, 把它譯成“他茍延殘喘”, 這就給譯文增加了一定的感情色彩, 違背了忠實(shí)的原則, 反而得不償失要做到通順, 就必須把英語(yǔ)原文翻譯成合乎漢語(yǔ)規(guī)范的漢語(yǔ), 譯文必須是明白通暢的現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ), 即不能逐字逐詞的死譯, 也不能生吞活剝例如, His addi tion completed the list.有人將該句翻譯成“他的加入結(jié)束了名單”或“他的加入完成了名單”, 這樣的翻譯盡管可以使讀者能勉強(qiáng)看懂, 但總使人有別扭之感, 根本不象是地道的漢語(yǔ), 根本就不符合漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣, 關(guān)于上句, 我們不妨把它翻譯為“把他添上, 名單(上的人)就全了”, 這樣采取靈活的方法, 沒(méi)有生硬地套用原文的結(jié)構(gòu), 就使得譯文合乎漢語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣, 使人容易看懂, 讀起來(lái)也順口多了。

英譯漢的過(guò)程包括理解, 分析句架表達(dá)和校核三個(gè)階段, 理解是表達(dá)的前提, 若不能正確地理解原文就談不上確切的表達(dá), 但理解與表達(dá)通常是互相聯(lián)系, 往返反復(fù)的過(guò)程, 在進(jìn)行漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)的時(shí)候, 又可以進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)原文的理解, 因此, 在英譯漢的過(guò)程中, 往往需要考生從英語(yǔ)到漢語(yǔ), 再?gòu)臐h語(yǔ)到英語(yǔ)反復(fù)的推敲。

一、理解

理解階段的目的在于讀懂英語(yǔ)原文, 弄清原文的意思為了透徹理解原文, 建議考生在復(fù)習(xí)和應(yīng)試時(shí)采取下列步驟:

1.通讀全文通讀全文的目的在于從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容理解劃線的部分與文章其他部分之間的語(yǔ)法與邏輯關(guān)系在段落中要搞清劃線的句子和其他句子之間的關(guān)系, 特別要弄清代詞it, they, them, this, that, these, those other所指代的詞或詞組這些詞和詞組有時(shí)在劃線的部分就能找到有時(shí)則要到前面有關(guān)的句子中去找這樣的例子在今年的試題中是很多的如: 92年的英譯漢考題第一小題的英文為: There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.在該句子中有the term一詞, 那么它指代的是什么呢? 只有通過(guò)閱讀上下文才能搞清楚, 而有的考生只是單純地把它翻譯為“這一術(shù)語(yǔ)”, 但是,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案中, 該詞被翻譯成“智力”, 因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)上下文我們很容易地看出它指的是“智力”這一術(shù)語(yǔ)再比如在93年的考題中的英譯漢部分的第二題的句子為“It is not that scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.” 在這個(gè)句子中the scales in the one case, the balance in the other, the former, the latter等的含義都是在把握全文的基礎(chǔ)之上才能掌握的也只有這樣我們才能做出正確的翻譯目前市場(chǎng)上的一些復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)書(shū)主張考生不用通讀全文我們認(rèn)為這是很不可取的因?yàn)楣铝⒌亻喿x劃線部分的英語(yǔ)往往無(wú)法理解該部分的真正含義一篇好的文章, 其前后的意思都互相關(guān)聯(lián), 具有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性, 一個(gè)單詞或句子只有在具體的上下文中才能體現(xiàn)出確切的含義來(lái), 這就是為什么我們有時(shí)看完一本書(shū)或一篇文章之后才對(duì)上文中的某個(gè)難以理解的地方“恍然大悟”因此,上下文能幫助我們正確的理解劃線的部分, 通讀全文是很重要的但是, 在通讀全文的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該注意對(duì)非劃線的部分不要花費(fèi)時(shí)間過(guò)多對(duì)于其中一些不太容易理解的內(nèi)容也不必太在意只是搞清大體意義即可因?yàn)橥ㄗx全文的目的在于幫助自己理解劃線的部分, 只要能把該部分理解透徹也就足夠了

2.分析劃線部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中國(guó)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者往往具有非常好的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在做翻譯試題時(shí)也應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮和利用這一優(yōu)勢(shì)從近年來(lái)的研究生入學(xué)試題來(lái)看劃線的部分一般來(lái)說(shuō)結(jié)構(gòu)句子都比較復(fù)雜例如, 1994年的第二小題, “In short, a leader of the new school contends, ”the scientific revolution, as we call it, was largely the improvement and invention and the use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.像這樣復(fù)雜的句子如果不搞清楚它的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu), 很難達(dá)到正確完整地理解原文的要求在分析劃線的部分的句子結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)我們要注意首先把句子的主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)找出來(lái)這樣句子的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)也就清楚了在分析句子的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)還應(yīng)該注意分析句子中成分是否有省略的地方主句和從句之間的關(guān)系是否明確等等在此我們?cè)俅翁嵝芽忌⒁庹_地把握句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是進(jìn)行正確地翻譯的關(guān)鍵如果連句子結(jié)構(gòu)還沒(méi)有搞清楚就匆忙地動(dòng)筆翻譯肯定是不會(huì)有好的結(jié)果的在往屆的考生中這樣的教訓(xùn)屢見(jiàn)不鮮下面我們以1996年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題的第72題來(lái)說(shuō)明句子結(jié)構(gòu)的分析方法

This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.這是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句句子的骨干結(jié)構(gòu)為T(mén)his trend began during the Second World War, when?, when是一個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在這個(gè)句子中引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的名詞the Second World War而在when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中主句是several governments came to the conclusion ?, that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句做conclusion的同位語(yǔ)在這個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句中主句是the specific demands? cannot generally be foreseen?, that是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的名詞demands這樣通過(guò)我們進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析在搞清楚句子的具體結(jié)構(gòu)之后在動(dòng)筆翻譯也就簡(jiǎn)單多了也只有劃清句架結(jié)構(gòu)我們才能知道如何翻譯例如上句中如果我們把when作為狀語(yǔ)從句譯成“當(dāng)??時(shí)候”就要被扣掉0_5分如果把demand當(dāng)成動(dòng)詞也要扣0_5分。

3.理解分析劃線部分的含義考生不僅要弄清句子中所有實(shí)詞和虛詞的詞匯意義, 還要理解全句的整體意義理解句子的依據(jù)除了句子本身之外, 還有該句子所處的具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境在此階段應(yīng)清楚下列問(wèn)題: A.句子中是否含有代詞和其他具有指代意義的詞, 如果有,應(yīng)根據(jù)上下文確定它們指代的內(nèi)容是什么;B.句子中的短語(yǔ)和一些常用的詞往往具有多種含義和用法, 那么, 在該句中它們的具體含義是什么;C.按照你的理解, 該部分的意義是否與全篇文章的內(nèi)容一致, 有無(wú)相互矛盾總之, 在動(dòng)手翻譯之前, 首先要讀懂原文, 不要一上來(lái)就急于動(dòng)手翻譯, 這樣做往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一種情況: 該題快要翻譯完了, 猛然又發(fā)現(xiàn)自己理解有誤,馬上就急忙修改, 搞的卷面上一塌糊涂, 而且很容易忙中出錯(cuò), 把本應(yīng)拿到的分?jǐn)?shù)丟掉了, 這是非常令人可惜的例如某年的英譯漢試題中有這樣一句要求翻譯的句子: The capacity to use a raw material depends on various factors, such as means of access, methods of extraction, and techniques of processing.一位考生把它翻譯成“使用原料的能力取決于各種各樣的因素, 例如,接近的方法, 提取的方法和加工技術(shù)” 很顯然, 這為考生并未完全理解這句話(huà)的意思, 原文列出的三個(gè)因素, 是指獲得某種原材料的三個(gè)過(guò)程, 即探礦開(kāi)采和冶煉, 因此, ”means of access”, “methods of extraction” 和“techniques of processing” 應(yīng)該分別譯為“鉆探手段”“開(kāi)采方法”和“冶煉技術(shù)”, 那么, 整個(gè)句子就可翻譯為“利用一種原材料能力的大小取決于各種各樣的因素, 比如,鉆探手段開(kāi)采方法和冶煉技術(shù)”。

二、表達(dá)

表達(dá)就是譯者把自己從英語(yǔ)原文理解的內(nèi)容用漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái), 表達(dá)的好壞取決與譯者對(duì)于英語(yǔ)原文的理解程度以及漢語(yǔ)的修養(yǎng)水平理解是表達(dá)的基礎(chǔ)表達(dá)是理解的結(jié)果但是理解正確并不意味著一定會(huì)有正確的表達(dá)許多考生反映有時(shí)對(duì)原文理解之后還不知如何用漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)就充分說(shuō)明了這一點(diǎn)因?yàn)樵诒磉_(dá)上還存在許多具體的方法和技巧關(guān)于這些方法和技巧我們將在后面詳細(xì)論述, 在此我們只是介紹兩中基本的翻譯方法: 直譯和意譯

1.直譯所謂直譯, 就是在譯文語(yǔ)言條件許可時(shí), 在譯文中既保持原文的內(nèi)容, 又保持原文的形式在漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)兩種語(yǔ)言中存在著許多共同之處在對(duì)于許多英語(yǔ)句子的翻譯過(guò)程中, 完全可以采取直譯的方法, 這樣可以獲得一舉兩得之功效, 既保持了原文的結(jié)構(gòu), 又正確表達(dá)了原文的內(nèi)容但是直譯不是死譯和硬譯,象“It is asserted that ?;It is believed that ?”這一類(lèi)的結(jié)構(gòu), 如果直譯過(guò)來(lái)那就不倫不類(lèi)了。

2.意譯漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)分別屬于不同的語(yǔ)系, 兩者在詞匯句法結(jié)構(gòu)和表達(dá)方法上具有很多的差異當(dāng)原文的思想內(nèi)容與譯文的表達(dá)形式有矛盾不易采用直譯的方法處理時(shí), 就應(yīng)采用意譯法, 意譯就是不拘泥于原文的形式, 重點(diǎn)在于正確表達(dá)原文的內(nèi)容例如:“Do you see any green in my eye?” 象這樣的句子, 只能采取意譯的方法, 把它翻譯為“你以為我是好欺騙的嗎?” 當(dāng)然, 意譯并不等于亂譯,胡亂地翻譯是不符合“忠實(shí)”的翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的在具體的翻譯過(guò)程中, 我們應(yīng)該采取靈活的方法, 不論是直譯還是意譯, 只要是符合“忠實(shí)通順”的翻譯原則, 都是可取的在這里我們建議考生對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜的句子可以先采取直譯的方法然后再對(duì)直譯得出得結(jié)果進(jìn)行加工潤(rùn)色在保持原來(lái)句子意義的基礎(chǔ)上根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣用既符合原文的意義又符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的句子表達(dá)出來(lái)例如我們?cè)谏厦娣治龅?996年考題中的第72題我們可以首先直譯為這種趨勢(shì)開(kāi)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)一些政府得出這樣的結(jié)論政府希望對(duì)科研部門(mén)所提出的特定的要求總的來(lái)說(shuō)還不能非常具體的預(yù)見(jiàn)到然后我們對(duì)上述譯文進(jìn)行加工潤(rùn)色就可以得出下面的結(jié)果這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出結(jié)論政府向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法預(yù)見(jiàn)的。

在翻譯的過(guò)程中, 我們務(wù)必注意以下幾點(diǎn):

(1)理解透徹之后再動(dòng)手表達(dá), 否則表達(dá)的結(jié)果會(huì)令人莫名其妙;

(2)切忌在翻譯時(shí)把漢語(yǔ)和英語(yǔ)對(duì)號(hào)入座, 逐字逐句的對(duì)號(hào)入座的結(jié)果往往是不倫不類(lèi);

(3)切忌擅自增減詞意, 增減意義與翻譯技巧中經(jīng)常提到的增詞法與減詞法根本就不是一回事。

三、校核

校核階段是理解與表達(dá)的進(jìn)一步深化, 是對(duì)原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)一步核實(shí)以及對(duì)譯文語(yǔ)言進(jìn)一步推敲的階段, 因此, 校核是翻譯過(guò)程中一個(gè)很重要的階段, 并不是可有可無(wú)的, 通過(guò)表達(dá)之后的校核, 我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)譯文的一些問(wèn)題, 確保自己理解的內(nèi)容很有把握地得到分?jǐn)?shù)在校核階段, 一般應(yīng)注意與下列各項(xiàng)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題:

(1)人名地名日期方位和數(shù)字等;

(2)漢語(yǔ)譯文的詞與句有無(wú)錯(cuò)漏;

(3)修改譯文中譯錯(cuò)或表達(dá)不夠準(zhǔn)確的句子詞組或詞匯;

(4)有無(wú)錯(cuò)別字;

(5)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否有誤。