第一篇：全新版大學英語(第二版)聽說教程3英語聽力 原文總結

Unit 1

Parents Part B exercise1短文 三題

P4

After 22 years of marriage,I have discovered the secret to keep love alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy.I started dating with another woman.It was Peggy's idea.One day she said to me,“Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love.You probably won't believe me,but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer.” The “other” woman my wife was encouraging me to date is my mother,a 72-year-old widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago.Right after his death , I moved 2,500 miles away to California and started my own life and career.When I moved back near my hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with mom.But with the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays.Mom was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.“What's wrong?” she asked.“I thought it would be nice to spend some time with you,” I said.“Just the two of us.” “I would like that a lot,” she said.When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on.Her hair was curled, and she was smiling.“I told my lady friends I was going out with my son, and they were all impressed.They can't wait to hear about our evening,” Mother said.Passage 2 Dating with My Mother(Part Two)短文 3題

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P6 We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk.Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.“I used to be the reader when you were little,” she said.“Then it is time for you to relax and let me return the favor,” I said.We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up on each other's lives.We talked for so long that we missed the movie.“I'll go out with you again,” my mother said as I dropped her off, “but only if you let me buy dinner next time.” I agreed.“How was your date?” my wife asked when I got home that evening.“Nice … nicer than I thought it would be,” I said.Mom and I get out for dinner a couple of times a month.Sometimes we take in a movie, but mostly we talk.I tell her about my trails at work and brag about the kids and Peggy.Mom fills me in on family gossip and tells me about her past.Now I know what it was like for her to work in a factory during the Second World War.I know how she met my father there, and know how they went through the difficult times.I can't get enough of these stories.They are important to me, a part of my history.We also talk about the future.Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days ahead.Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down.Peggy was right.Dating another woman has helped my marriage.Part C短對話？

P8 1.W: You know, many American parents are now wondering why they can't keep their teenage children from drinking.M: I know.To my mind, it's the permissive attitude of the parents that is to blame.Q: What can you learn from the man's response? 2.M: Don't you think it's good to give our children a monthly allowance? W: I think so.It can teach them the value of money.With a monthly allowance they can learn to budget their expenses wisely.Q: What are they talking about? 3.M: Mom, I've got a part-time job at a supermarket.Three hours a day weekdays and all day Saturday.W: Congratulations, Tom.But are you sure you can handle it? What about your homework and your piano lessons? Q: How does the mother feel about Tom's part-time job at the supermarket? 4.M: Hey, Mary, you look so upset.What happened? W: My father had an accident the other day.He is now in hospital and will have an operation tomorrow.You see, his heart is rather weak.I really don't know whether he can survive it.Q: What's the woman worried about? 5.W: Mother's Day is coming soon.Could you tell me what sons and daughters do in your country on that day? M: Well, they send their mothers flowers and cards to celebrate the occasion.Besides, it is a common practice for them to wear pink carnations on that day.Q: Which of the following is true of the customs of Mother's Day in the man's country? Unit 2 Coincidence Part BExercise 1 短文4題

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P12

Andrew had always wanted to be a doctor.But the tuition for a medical school in 1984 was 15,000 dollars a year, which was more than his family could afford.To help him realize his dream, his father, Mr.Stewart, a real estate agent, began searching the house-for-sale ads in newspapers in order to find extra business.One advertisement that he noted down was for the sale of a house in a nearby town.Mr.Stewart called the owner, trying to persuade him to let him be his agent.Somehow he succeeded and the owner promised that he would come to him if he failed to get a good deal with his present agent.Then they made an appointment to meet and discuss the thing.As good things are never easy to acquire, the time for the appointment had to be changed almost ten times.On the day when they were supposed to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr.Stewart received another call from the owner.His heart sank as he feared there would be another change of time.And so it was.The owner told him that he couldn't make it at three but if he would come right then, they could talk it over.Mr.Stewart was overjoyed.Leaving everything aside, he immediately set out to drive to the house.As he approached the area, he had a strange feeling of having been there before.The streets, the trees, the neighborhood, all looked familiar to him.And when he finally reached the house, something clicked in his mind.It used to be the house of his father-in-law!The old man had died fifteen years ago but when he was alive, he had often visited him with his wife and children.He remembered that, like his son Andrew, his father-in-law had also wanted to study medicine and, failing to do so, had always hoped that one of his two daughters or his grandchildren could someday become a doctor.Part C 復合式聽寫

P18 One of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F.Kennedy.Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives;both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson;both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice.Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy;Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln.Lincoln was killed in the Ford Theater;Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company — and so on.Similar coincidences often occur between twins.A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles.According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth.Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota.They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other.They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers.Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise;Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise.In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine.Both had a cat called Tiger.They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.How can we explain the above similarities? Unit 3

Courage Part B Krimali(Part One)短文2題

P22 On the morning of the devastating earthquake that struck India in 2001,Krimali, a girl of 17, had just left home to go to an interview for a position of a sales clerk.She was pleased with her green and yellow flowered dress, but felt something wasn't quite right about her hair.She returned home, removing her shoes and leaving them at the door.Moments later, the earthquake struck.Ceilings and walls in the building shook in the deafening noise.Then everything began crashing down.Krimali and her immediate family escaped serious injury but were unable to make their way out.The ceiling of an entire room towered above the only possible escape route.Completely detached on three sides, the huge slab clung to an outside wall on its fourth side.To an observer, it could drop at any moment.People were screaming and didn't know what to do.Krimali decided to act.Carefully she climbed barefoot up and down the debris until she reached a point just beneath the swaying ceiling.About four meters below were uneven pieces of concrete, broken glass and smashed furniture, all mixed with sharp spikes of iron.She knew if she could manage to get down to the ground level, she could make her way to safety.She paused to figure out the best way down.As there wasn't any good place to jump, she just jumped.Luckily, she landed in a crouch, her feet missing any sharp edges.Emboldened by her good fortune, Krimali knew it was up to her to persuade others to follow.Passage 2 Krimali(Part Two)短文2題

P24 Krimali planned to rescue her family first, but just then she heard a woman from two storeys above screaming for someone to save her two-month-old baby.“Throw the baby to me,” Krimali shouted.“I can catch her!” The woman refused.Krimali told the woman to wrap the baby in bed sheets and then toss her down.Crying uncontrollably, the mother wrapped the little girl but still would not part with her baby.As the mother tried to decide what to do, Krimali intently watched the concrete ceiling hanging above her.Finally the mother tossed the baby.Krimali made a clean catch.A bright smile lit up the woman's face.“I'll be back!” Krimali called out, hugging the child to her as she hurriedly picked her way out to where survivors had gathered.She gave up the baby, then asked if any of the men there would come back with her to help others trapped in the building.No one came forward, for they were all afraid of that swaying ceiling.But for Krimali, a small girl of 154 centimeters in height and weighing about 50 kilos, her fears had been lifted by what she had accomplished.On her way back into the ruins, she saw part of a large door.It was extremely heavy but she managed to drag it to the spot just below the hanging ceiling.By placing it on the ruins, she created something like a sliding board.With Krimali coaching her, the baby's mother partly jumped and partly rolled down the board to the ground level.Krimali led her through the debris to her baby.In the hours that followed Krimali made countless rescue missions into the building, each time in the shadow of the huge ceiling.Thanks to her courage, about two dozen men, women and children were saved.Part C 短文4題 真

P26 When the first plane slammed into the World Trade Center's north tower, I was already at my desk on the 88th floor.Then I felt the whole building bouncing, shaking.My instinct told me that there was an explosion above us and that we should try to get out, but the corridors were full of flames.Knowing that the furniture and the carpets were fire-resistant, I figured that everything wasn't going to burn.Then I heard someone yell that the stairwells were gone.So about 40 of us escaped into a corner office.We put papers and rags under the door to keep out the smoke as best we could.We stayed calmly in the office for about 10 minutes, thinking we were safe and secure.Then someone came in to tell us that he had found a stairwell open but we had to move fast.We all filed out orderly and headed for the stairwell.Going down the stairs was not easy for me for I had lost a leg to cancer when I was 16 and wore an artificial limb.More or less, I used my arms to get down.When we reached the 40th floor, we came to a complete stop.There was a jam of people.The firemen were coming up the stairs, carrying their equipment.Some 100 firefighters must have walked past us.Some of them looked so young that they seemed hardly out of high school.But they were great, assuring us that they would take care of everything.Eventually we kept moving and got out.The journey down took about 40 minutes.Unit 4

Marriage Part B Exercise 1短文3題

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P30(Tom and Linda have signed a marriage agreement.Both agree not to break the rules outlined in the agreement.John, a reporter, is talking to them about the agreement.)John: Tom, Linda, first I'd like to ask you why you decided to write this unusual agreement.Tom: We found that many problems are caused when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse.We wanted to talk about everything openly and honestly before we started living together.Linda: Also we both know how important it is to respect each other's pet peeves.Like, I can get very annoyed if others leave stuff — clothing, papers, everything!— lying around on the floor.It really bugged me, so we put that in the agreement.John: This is mentioned in Article 1: Cleaning Up, isn't it? It says, “Nothing will be left on the floor overnight.Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed.” Tom: Then I'll know clearly what Linda's expectations are.John: I see.What about Article 2: Sleeping? It says, “We will go to bed at 11 p.m.and get up at 6:30 a.m.except on weekends.” I'm sure some people hearing this will think that this agreement isn't very romantic.Tom: Well, we disagree.We think it's very romantic.This agreement shows that we sat down and talked, and really tried to understand the other person.A lot of problems occur in a marriage when people don't talk about what they want.Linda: That's right.When we disagreed about something, we worked out a solution that was good for both of us.I would much rather have Tom really listen to me and understand my needs than give me a bunch of flowers or a box of candy.Conversation 2 A Marriage Agreement(Part Two)長對話3題 句子填空P32 John: Linda, do you spend a lot of time checking to see if the other person is following the rules? Arguing? Linda: No, not at all.Tom: A lot of couples argue because they don't understand each other's expectations.I think we spend less time arguing than most couples because we both know what the other person expects.John: What happens if one of you breaks a rule? Tom: Well, that's in Article 13 of our agreement.John: Is it? Oh yes, Article 13: Breaking Rules.“If you break a rule, you must apologize and do something nice for the other person to make it up.” Linda: Yeah, like last time Tom broke the rule of driving.John: What's the rule? Linda: The rule is we must ask for directions if we are driving and get lost for more than five minutes.John: What happened? Tom: We were driving to a friend's wedding, and we got lost.Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask for directions, but I thought I could figure it out.Linda: Then we drove forty miles in the wrong direction and ended up being late for the wedding.Tom: So I took her out to dinner.I knew what I should do to apologize.John: That's very important, I think, knowing how to apologize.By the way, do you plan to update your agreement at all? What if things change in your life and a rule doesn't work anymore? Linda: We've thought about that too.Article 14 states that we must review this agreement once a year and make necessary changes.John: Well, it was really nice talking to you both.Thank you very much for your time.Tom & Linda: Thank you.Part c Test Your Listening 長對話3題 真

P36 M: Ah, come in, Barbara.Take a seat.How have things been? W: Oh, much the same.I still seem to have quarrels with my husband all the time.M: What do you quarrel about? W: Oh, everything.You see, he never thinks of my feelings.M: Go on.W: Well, I'll give you an example.You know, when the children started school, I wanted to go back to work again, too.So I got a job.Well anyway, by the time I've collected Gary and Lucy from school, I only get home about half an hour before he comes back...M: Yes? W: Well, when he gets home, he expects me to run around and get his tea.He never does anything in the house.M: Mm.W: And last Friday he invited three of his friends to come around for a drink.He didn't tell me to expect them, and I'd had a long and difficult day.I don't think that's right, do you? M: Well, I'm not here to pass judgment.I'm here to listen.W: Sorry.And he's so untidy.He's worse than the kids.I always have to remind him to pick up his clothes.He just throws his clothes on the floor.After all, I'm not his servant.I've got my own career.Actually, I think that's part of the trouble.You see I earn as much money as he does.Unit 5 Part BExercise 1 短文2題 表格填空 P40 While reading a magazine, Ashley, a sixteen-year-old girl, came across an article which said that antibiotics and other drugs were discovered in European rivers and tap water.This led her to think that such drugs might also be present in the waters near her home in West Virginia.Ashley feared that antibiotics in the waters could lead to resistant bacteria, or supergerms.They can kill countless people.She began testing her area's river — the Ohio.With a simple device she herself had designed, she collected 350 water samples from the Ohio over ten weeks.She taught herself to analyze the samples by reading scientific journals.It was one of the most scientifically sound projects for someone her age.Her experiment was one of the first of its kind in the United States.It showed that low levels of three antibiotics are indeed present in local waters.Ashley's study won the International Stockholm Junior Water Prize, a virtual Nobel Prize for teenagers.She won a $5,000 scholarship and was received by Sweden's Crown Princess Victoria.Her interest in science came from walks in the woods with her mother.But it was the day-to-day stuff — how water comes to the tap, how rain sticks to glass, that most fascinated her.“Science is not a dead thing,” she says.“It's happening all around us.” By the sixth grade, she was winning at science fairs.She has received $70,000 in prize money, which she has put aside for college.She plans to attend Harvard University.“I want to make my own discoveries, and not just read about what others have done,” she said.Her teachers predict that she will one day win a Nobel Prize.Passage 2

Young People Say No to Smoking 單詞句子填空 長對話短文5題P42 On February 16, 2001, the teenagers from a youth group called REBEL launched their advertising campaign at the Liberty Science Center in New Jersey.They worked on various aspects of the campaign and even appeared in the “Not for Sale” commercial on television and the radio against tobacco companies.REBEL stands for Reaching Everybody by Exposing Lies.It is a statewide youth initiative which fights against tobacco companies.The movement began in November last year.It carries the message that teenagers no longer want to be targeted by tobacco companies in their advertisements.The group realized that one of the biggest problems that teenagers face is peer pressure on them to smoke or do drugs.Therefore, the group is working hard to ensure that their message reaches all teenagers at New Jersey schools.When the group was first formed, there were only five members, all eighth grade students.But by this summer the group had grown to close to 90 members.At a recent recruiting party, a pizza and pool party, at the West New York swimming pool, more than 50 new members were attracted to the group.“We don't think that too many people would be interested,” said Jackie, one of its founding members.“But everyone knows our message.They know who we are now.” Part C 長對話4題P44 Roger: Hi, Jenny, you don't look happy.What's wrong? Jenny: Well, Roger, I've got a problem.Roger: What is it? Jenny: You know my daughter Linda is 16 years old now.And we've begun talking about college.She says she wants to go, but she's let her grades slip and no matter how I urge her to study, all she seems interested in are clothes and boys.We're not wealthy, you know.And it won't be easy for us to afford the tuition if she can't get a scholarship.That seems to be my biggest worry now.But, Roger, is going to college the best choice for her right now? Roger: Do you mean that she doesn't seem ready for college? Jenny: You're right.Roger: Then you'd better have a serious talk with Linda about college.Jenny: A serious talk with her? Roger: Yes.I think it's quite normal for girls her age to be wrapped up in fashion and dating, but as a mother you have a right to expect her to pay attention to her studies too.Jenny: Yes, but how? Roger: Ask her how serious she is about college and how hard she's willing to work for it.Linda may be more committed than you realize.But if not, tell her she should think about putting college off for a while.That could give her the push she needs to take her education seriously.Jenny: Sounds like a good idea.Roger: And if you decide she should wait, she can get a job, take classes at a community college or do an internship to get experience.She may be just one of those who need to see a bit of real life before they settle down.Unit 6 Stress Part B Exercise 1 長對話3題 單詞填空P48 Interviewer: Welcome to our program, Sam.Sam: Thank you.Interviewer: Sam, how long have you been a police officer? Sam: I've been a police officer for thirty years.Interviewer: Thirty years.And you've had different types of assignments on the police force, I guess.Sam: Yeah, I've done everything from patrol to undercover work to detective work, and now I'm supervising investigations.Interviewer: Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job.Would you agree? Sam: Yes, it's definitely a stressful job.But it depends on your assignment.Interviewer: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have? Sam: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment.Interviewer: That's interesting!In what way? Sam: Well, I guess the biggest part of the stress is the fear factor — the fear of the unknown.Interviewer: What do you mean, Sam? Sam: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to moment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be to justify your presence.Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation.It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation.Interviewer: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation.Sam: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop.Interviewer: Really? Sam: Really!That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings.People back over policemen, people shoot policemen, people jump out at policemen — different kinds of things.So that's probably the most stressful time.Interviewer: I see.Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic.Sam: All right.Conversation 2 Stress Reducers Exercise 1 句子填空P50 Write “T” for a true statement and “F” for a false one.Interviewer: Sam, you've talked about the police officers' stressful time.Now let's move on to the next topic.So far as I know, there's a connection between stress and illness.Do you think that there's a higher percentage of illness among police officers than in the general population? I mean, do they get more colds or anything? Is this really true? Sam: Yes, it is, and the stress level not only manifests itself in daily health — whether or not you're feeling well on any given day.It also manifests itself in things like ulcers, heart disease — police officers tend to have a higher rate of heart disease and ulcers than people in other professions.Interviewer: Really? That's documented? Sam: Yes, it's documented.And also the divorce rate among police officers is much higher.Interviewer: Is there something that the police department does to help you deal with this stress? Sam: Yes, there are several programs that most police departments have in place.One is an exercise program where some part of your day is spent on some type of physical exercise.They've found that's a great stress reducer.Besides, there's also a psychological program with counseling for officers to help them reduce their stress.And there are several discussion groups as well.They've found that sometimes just sitting around and talking about the stress with other officers helps to reduce it.So, those things are available.Interviewer: And what do you do, personally, to deal with the stress of your job, Sam? Sam: Well, during the baseball season, I'm the biggest baseball fanatic, and I will either be reading about baseball, or listening to baseball, or watching baseball.Another thing I try to do is to get some sort of exercise every day.And then I work hard at keeping up my personal relationships, especially my relationship with my wife.Fortunately I get along very well with my wife.When I come back home, I can talk about my day with her, and then just forget about it.Part C 短對話？

P53 1.M: You look so nervous, Rose.Are you all right? W: Frankly speaking, I'm on pins and needles.I have to give a presentation to a group of important visitors this afternoon.Q: Why does Rose feel nervous? 2.M: You look so upset, Sue.What's worrying you? W: My son Jack made me extremely unhappy.He seems to be playing video games all the time.Whenever I talk to him he turns a deaf ear to me.Q: What's the woman's problem? 3.W: David, you don't look happy.Anything wrong? M: Well, you know, my mother died three years ago.And since then my father has lived in an apartment on his own and has very few friends.Q: What is David worrying about? 4.W: Michael, I don't know what has happened to Mother.Her memory seems to be going.I have to remind her of almost everything.M: Don't worry, Mary.She's just getting old.Q: What do you know about Mary? 5.W: I'm worried about sending my son Peter to college.You see, nowadays many college students behave rather strangely.They don't seem to be interested in their studies.M: Just a few.Most students still concentrate on their studies.Q: What can you infer from the man's response? Unit 7 The Business World Part B

Exercise 1 長對話5題

P59 Kenneth: Hello, my name is Kenneth Johnson.I have an appointment with Mr.Andrew Song.Laura: Oh hello, Mr.Johnson, I'm Laura Lee.We've spoken on the phone a couple of times.Nice to meet you.Kenneth: It's nice to be here.Laura: Oh — let me take your coat.Kenneth: Thanks.Laura: Let me get you a drink, Mr.Johnson.Kenneth: Yes, I'd like a cup of tea, if possible, thanks.Laura: Sure.With milk or lemon? Kenneth: With lemon, please — and sugar.Two spoons.Laura: Right.Laura: Did you have a good trip? Kenneth: Absolutely, no problems.Laura: That's good.You flew, didn't you? Kenneth: Yes, that's right, and then I took a taxi down here from the airport.Laura: Oh, that's good.Kunming can be a little wet at this time of year...you'll have to come back in summer.Kenneth: Oh, I'd like that.I always like coming to China.Miss Lee, I wonder if I could send a fax from here.It's rather urgent.Laura: Yes, of course.Shall I show you to the machine or shall I take it? Kenneth: Oh, it would be better if you could take it — here's the number.Laura: Fine.Would you like a newspaper to read — or The Economist? Kenneth: No, it's okay — I can prepare some work while I'm waiting.Laura: Right, I'll get this off for you.Kenneth: Thanks.Oh — one other thing.I need to send some flowers to my wife.Today is the fifth anniversary of our marriage.I think some flowers from your beautiful city would be rather appropriate, don't you? Laura: Oh, sure!Right, I'll get you a number of a florist.I expect you'll want to send a special message with the flowers.Kenneth: Yes, I'll think of one.Laura: Oh, here's Mr.Song.Andrew, this is Mr.Johnson.He's just arrived.Andrew: Hello, Mr.Johnson.Pleased to meet you and welcome here.Kenneth: Thanks.Andrew: Now shall we go inside and let me explain the program to you? Kenneth: Sure.Andrew: I think we've sent you an outline for the day — if you agree, we could start with a video which explains some of our services and then we could have a look at a few reports on campaigns.Kenneth: That'll be good.Conversation 2 At a Business Meeting Exercise 1 長對話2題 P60 Chairman: Okay, I think we should start now.It's ten o'clock.Voices: Okay / Right / Yeah.Chairman: Well, we're here today to look at some of the reasons for the decline in profits which has affected this subsidiary.You've all seen the agenda.I'd like to ask if anyone has any comments on it before we start.Voices: No / It's fine / No.Chairman: Right, well, can I ask Sam Canning, Chief Sales Executive, to open up with his remarks? Sam: Thank you, Bernard.Well, I think we have to face up to several realities and what I have to say is in three parts and will take about twenty minutes.Chairman: Er, Sam? we don't have much time — it's really your main points we're most interested in.Jane: Yes.Can I ask one thing, Mr.Chairman? Isn't this a global problem in our market? Chairman: Sorry, Jane, I can't allow us to consider that question just yet.We'll look at the global question later.Sam, sorry, please carry on.Sam: Well, the three points I want to make can be made in three sentences.First, sales are down, but only by 5% more than for the group as a whole.Secondly, our budget for sales has been kept static — it hasn't increased, not even with inflation, so we're trying to do better than last year on less money.Thirdly — Jane: That's not exactly true...Chairman: Jane, please.Let Sam finish.Sam: Thirdly, the products are getting old — we need a new generation.Chairman: So let me summarize that.You say that sales are down but not by so much, that you've had less money to promote sales and that the products are old.Is that right? Sam: In a nutshell.Chairman: Does anyone have anything to add to that? Jane: Well, on the question of funding I have to disagree...Part C 短文4題 P62 This year our company as a whole has performed well — especially in America, our largest export market.As we see, on the financial front the results have been very pleasing.Costs have dropped by 3% and profits are up by 16%.However, the domestic consumer market has been very competitive and will continue to be so.I can say our results in this market have been rather disappointing — just 1% up compared with last year.Now let's move on to personnel.Our policy of personnel development through training and promotion opportunities has continued to be a great success.We have actually recruited 72 new staff, while 20 have retired — so there is a net balance of 52.The training department has expanded considerably and moved into new areas such as quality assurance and sales training.Finally technology.I think you would be interested to have an update since this is vital for our future growth.Over the last year, our research department has thoroughly tested a new prototype engine.Results so far have looked promising.We have also invested heavily in a European technology program which links industry with the universities.So, those are the three main areas — finance, personnel and technology.Are there any questions before I go on? Unit 8 The Environment Part B Exercise 1 短文3題

表格填空 P66 Every day people in Hong Kong get rid of 15 million plastic bags.They weigh about 600 tons.This is not including the tens of thousands of plastic bags people dump at the beaches and in local waters, which have caused serious pollution.These bags cost taxpayers over $70 million a year to deal with.Some of the bags are destroyed by burning.The problem with this is that, when they break down, they release poisonous chemicals, which can cause cancer.The chemical poisons penetrate into the earth.In order to attract the public's attention to the problem of plastic bags and to reduce the number of bags used at the same time, the Retail Management Association launched the Use Fewer Bags Campaign.In the first stage of the campaign, 1,500 retail stores aimed to reduce the number of plastic bags given away to customers by 10 per cent.This has been achieved.The second stage of campaign will focus on the number of plastic bags given away in markets.“Ideally, people going to buy food in the markets should carry their own reusable bags, such as canvas bags, that can be washed,” said a campaign coordinator.She stressed that the campaign had two objectives.Besides reducing the number of plastic bags used, she hoped that the campaign would increase the public's overall awareness of environmental problems.Passage 2 The Rhine River Exercise 1 短文3題 句子填空 P68 The River Rhine is Western Europe's most important waterway.Rising in the Alps, it passes through Switzerland, Germany, France and Holland, before flowing into the North Sea.But for decades, industrial and domestic waste flowed untreated into the river and, not surprisingly, the Rhine was seriously polluted from the 1950s to the 1970s.Fish disappeared and it was dangerous to swim in it.Then in 1986 a fire at a chemical plant in Basel, Switzerland, caused tons of pesticides to leak into the river.Thousands of fish died.That was a wake-up call for the countries along the Rhine.They realized that they really had to get together and clean it up and keep it clean.Otherwise it could be the death of the Rhine.Switzerland, Germany and France now work together in Basel to keep the river clean.At various points, water is extracted and checked every six minutes, twenty-four hours a day.And industries that pollute the river can be traced and fined.Thanks to international cooperation, the river is on the path to recovery.At Basel, in the evening summer sun, the river has a festive atmosphere.People walk leisurely along the river banks, listening to live music, and pause for a drink in one of the many open-air cafes.On the vast river itself, boats from Germany sail slowly past the old town of the city, towards the more modern structures of the chemical industries.Partc 短文4題

P72 For a cleaner environment it's necessary for us to keep in mind the three Rs.They are: reduce, reuse, and recycle.Reducing is the best way to protect the environment.However, if you can't reduce something, reuse it.And if you can't reuse it, you can recycle it.Reducing waste means shopping with the environment in mind.Consider the environmental impact of each product before you buy it.Remember to make a list of what you need before you go shopping;this will reduce impulse buying.Buy in bulk, which means buying in large quantities and not packed.It's much cheaper and eliminates small containers and excess packaging.Avoid buying things that can't be recycled.Second, learning to reuse is easy after you make a little practice.For example, you can reuse shopping bags.Buy canvas bags and use them when you shop.Buy durable, high-quality goods for a longer life.Although durable goods may cost a little more at first,they will save you money and help save the environment in the long run.Before throwing anything away, think about how each item can be reused.The last of the three Rs that we must keep in mind is recycling.Recycling means collecting, processing, marketing,and ultimately reusing materials that were once thrown away.Check the yellow pages orthe Internet to find information about local recycling programs in your community.Questions 1.What does the passage mainly discuss? 2.What should we do to reduce waste when we go shopping? 3.Why should we buy durable goods according to the passage? 4.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

Unit 9 The Single Currency Part B Listening Tasks Passage 1 Exercise 1 短文3題 單詞填空 P77 As firework displays ushered in the euro from Paris to Athens, Rome to Madrid, curiosity drove Europeans to cash machines at midnight December 31, 2001 for the first look at the brightly colored new notes.More than 300 million Europeans began changing their old currencies for the euro in the most ambitious currency changeover in history.To prepare for the large demand, banks across the euro zone disabled 200,000 ATMs in the afternoon, changing software and loading them with euro notes.Altogether 15 billion banknotes and 52 billion coins — worth 646 billion euros, or $568 billion — have been produced for the switchover.Knowing how people can be attached to their national currencies, architects of the euro expressed hope that it will help realize dreams of a united Europe.Across the continent, officials welcomed the euro as a sign of economic stability — a new symbol to bind 12 nations on a continent at the heart of two world wars.“We will become a greater Europe with the euro,” EU Commission President said in Vienna, shortly after he used the new currency to buy flowers for his wife.“We shall become stronger, wealthier.” His view was shared by Helmut Kohl, the former German chancellor, who with the late French leader Francois Mitterr had championed the single currency to bring peace and security to Europe.Kohl wrote in a newspaper, “A vision is becoming a reality.For me, the common currency in Europe fulfills a dream.It means there is no turning back from the path toward unification of our continent.” The original nations that adopted the euro were: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.Those staying out are Britain, Sweden and Denmark.Passage 2 Exercise 1 短文3題

Buckingham Palace and other royal residences open to the public do not accept euros at their gift shops and entry turnstiles.The new currency was launched in 12 European Union countries on January lst, 2002, but Britain was not one of them.A Buckingham Palace spokeswoman said the decision not to accept the euro was purely a business one and not a political statement.The retail outlets at the official residences have never accepted any other currencies.It is simply because as very small retail outlets, they don't have the facilities for changing currencies.However, many retail outlets in Britain have prepared to accept the new currency since millions of tourists are expected to visit the country every year.In 2002 alone, visitors from the euro zone were estimated to spend more than 6.55 billion euros in Britain.Major department stores Debenhams and Marks & Spencer and a big electronics retailer accept euros, but only on a limited basis initially.Twenty-nine of Marks & Spencer stores, primarily those in tourist locations, have at least one cash register on each floor to process euro transactions.Its other stores have at least one designated area — either a register or a customer service desk — where the currency is accepted.Products are not priced in euros, however, and change is given in British money.The British Prime Minister Tony Blair said Britain will only join the single currency if economic conditions are right.A series of recent opinion polls show many Britons oppose the euro and see it as against Britain's sovereignty.Part C 復合式聽寫

For a century much attached to national symbols, France took the imminent death of the franc calmly.It was as if an ancient great-great uncle were about to pass away: a time for nostalgia and regret, rather than grief.Unlike the German mark, the franc had never been a symbol of national rebirth or glory.Its recent history was relatively stable but it had to be revalued as recently as 1960.In the 1950s, its value and reputation were so weak that French politicians considered abolishing it and replacing it with something else, based on the value of the pound.But money is money after all.It is with us every day.It was surprising that such a conservative people did not express greater sorrow for the loss of their familiar francs.It was also surprising they did not feel a greater sense of aesthetic loss for the franc had always been one of the world's most beautiful currencies.The name franc was first used in 1360, to celebrate and help to pay for the release of the King of France, King Jean II, who was captured by the still poundless English.He created the “franc” or “free” to celebrate the occasion.Over the next 400 years the name came and went but was finally restored by the Revolution in 1795.On February 17th, 2002, the French franc disappeared completely from the financial scene.Unit 10 partB exercise1 短文2題 P84

In the golden fields of Kansas, corn is growing very well.Britain's biggest cinema success is under production.Although there are no stars, no special effects, no publicity, it is still guaranteed to make more money than all but the biggest hit movies.What is it? Popcorn.Last year, cinema popcorn sales in the UK and Ireland made ￡20 million plus, way ahead of most films.Only a handful of extremely successful movies could beat it.If it were not for popcorn, soft drinks and ice cream, British cinema would be as dead as the music hall.A recent survey found that every single screen in the country needed another source of income just to keep operating.Perhaps three or four films a year make money at the box office.The other films just help cinemas tick over, and pull in people to buy popcorn and sweets.Even when a cinema is showing a must-see film, the operator is working on paper-thin profits.He must fill every seat to cover the film company's costs.Film distributors regularly demand half the money taken at the box office;with big films they can charge between 69 percent and 89 percent of the takings.Cinemas still have to pay staff and running costs out of what's left.This is where popcorn and sweets come into the picture.A large carton of popcorn from a supermarket costs only a little over 90p.Cinemagoers, however, can pay up to ￡4 for one large helping.At one very expensive cinema in London's West End, for example, a carton costs ￡3.95.Eating popcorn while watching a movie is said to be a real pleasure.The difference between buying popcorn at a cinema and a supermarket is just like that between buying wine in a restaurant and at an ordinary shop.It costs twice as much or more.Passage2 exercise1 短文3題 P86 Hollywood's true heroes are losing their jobs.Stuntmen and stuntwomen who entertained cinemagoers by falling from the sky, swimming with sharks and driving fast cars have been replaced by technology.After surviving generations of street fights, high falls, and setting fire to themselves, the people behind top actors' most exciting scenes have had nearly all their work substituted by computers.The most dangerous and costly stunts can now be achieved by mixing computer graphics with live action.In the mid-1990s there were 12,000 registered stunt people, but more than half of them had difficulty finding work.Sometimes, six or seven teams would be working on a film.Then, after a few days, the producers would come in and say, “You can go home.”

The reason was simple: cost.Computer technology made it possible to create stunts which would either be too expensive or too dangerous to attempt.One example was in “Mission Impossible”, starring Tom Cruise.In a scene Cruise was seen flying from an exploding helicopter onto the back of a speeding train.In fact, the image of the actor was simply added onto the scene using computers.With the rise of digital technology, insurance companies became more reluctant to cover real stunts.“If they know it can be done safely with visual effects, the companies will not insure real stunts,” said a veteran stunt coordinator.Many in the industry believe stunt people should develop expertise in the new technology, acting as advisers on the virtual stunts.Some, however, think that stunt people can survive in their traditional careers.They believe that audiences won't accept stunts produced by computers for too long.Part C Test Your Listening 長對話4題

P90 M: What do you think of the movie we saw last night, Cathy? W: Well, to tell you the truth, I couldn't say I like it.I hate the violence.M: But actually I didn't realize there would be so much violence.Despite everything, though, the story is good, don't you think? W: Yes, the story is quite interesting and it is well written.And I must admit that the acting is superb.M: You said it.Everyone in the movie plays a convincing role.W: What I enjoyed most, though, was the scenery.Those shots of the Alps are really wonderful.M: I guess they were nice, but I was so much interested in the story that I didn't notice the scenery.I'm crazy about an exciting film even if it is violent.W: I don't mind suspense, but I really don't see the need to show all the blood and violence in the movie.It simply offends me.M: But that's life, Cathy.You can't hide from reality.W: I know, but I've got enough reality in the newspapers.When I see a movie, I just want to be entertained.M: Well, next time you'd better choose a comedy!Unit 11 Left-handedness Part B Exercise 1 短文3題 單詞句子填空P94 Research has shown that 90% of people naturally use their right hands for most tasks.But hundreds of millions of people use their left hands.Then why are some people left-handed? Scientists have been trying to answer that question for many years.A study done in 1992 found that men are more likely to be left-handed than women.It also found that Asian or Hispanic people are less likely to be left-handed than white people, black people, or North American Indians.Some cultures accept people who do things mostly with their left hands.Others do not.Scientists want to know the reason for left-handedness because it is closely linked to mental problems and language difficulties.One idea about the cause of left-handedness is the genetic theory.It says that people are right-or left-handed because of genes passed to them by their parents.For example, it has been shown that the handedness of adopted children is more likely to follow that of their birth parents than their adopted parents.Other evidence of genetic involvement can be found in some families.One famous example is the left-handed members of the present British royal family.These include Queen Elizabeth II, Prince Charles and Prince William.Another idea is that right-handed people are born with the gene for it.But about 20% of people do not have the right-handed gene.These people could be either left-or right-handed.This idea may explain why two babies who have the same genes use different hands.In 18% of identical twins one twin is right-handed, and the other is left-handed.Probably both twins lack the right-handed gene so each has a chance to be either right-or left-handed.Some scientists believe that the cause of handedness could include both genetics and development.Passage 2 Does Being Left-handed Affect One's Life? 短文2題

P96 There are approximately 30 million left-handed people in the United States, and several hundred million more around the world.Most right-handed people have never even considered the possibility that there might be any serious issues affecting left-handers.Even among all of these left-handed people, there are many different opinions about what these issues are and which issues might be most important to them.Some left-handers think that being left-handed is a positive factor in their lives, and they feel that there are no serious issues affecting them.Others think that being left-handed is not a significant factor and has not affected their lives one way or another.There are also some left-handers who have no opinion and have never given any thought to what being left-handed has meant to them.But the majority of left-handed people find that being left-handed is at least a small disadvantage and a minor source of frustration in their lives.There are many things that right-handed people take for granted that are quite difficult for left-handers.These include many basic skills like learning to write, learning to use scissors and other hand tools and utensils, and learning various crafts and other activities.Sometimes left-handers are puzzled by equipment designed for right-handers, and other times they are confused by instructors and instructions geared toward teaching right-handers.For some left-handed people this amounts to occasional difficulties and minor inconveniences.For other left-handers it is a lifetime full of failures and frustrations that may lead to much more serious problems.Part C

復合式聽寫

P98 Approximately 90% of people in the world are naturally right-handed.Why is this so, and are we born one way or the other? The answer to this question is rather complicated.In babies and young children, no single side becomes dominant until around the age of eight.At 12 weeks, babies usually use both hands equally, but by 16 weeks, they mostly use the left hand for touching.By 24 weeks, they have changed again and start using both hands.Then at 28 weeks, they become one-handed again, although this time it is the right hand that is used more.At 32 weeks, they start using both hands again.When they reach the age of 36 weeks, there is another change, with most babies now preferring to use the left hand.Between 40 and 44 weeks, the right hand is once again more used.At 48 weeks, babies switch to using their left hands again, and then between 52 and 56 weeks, the right hand takes over.There are further changes still.At 80 weeks, the right hand loses control, and both are used again equally.When the young child reaches the age of two, the right hand takes over again, but between two and a half and three years, both hands are used equally.Things finally become stable at around four years and stay the same until, by the age of eight, one hand is strongly dominant over the other.Unit 12 Biodiversity Part B Exercise 1 短文填空

P103

The importance of biodiversity seems obvious to us.We enjoy the beauty of biodiversity when we take a walk in the park,take a trip to the zoo or a wild area,read books or watch TV shows about strange creatures in foreign lands.Some people believe that biodiversity is important simplybecause it is so wonderful.Some think there are philosophical or spiritual reasons for biodiversity.But there are other reasons why it is so important.The loss of biodiversity will change the balance of life on Earth.If an ecosystem is destroyed, many species adapted to that ecosystem may very likely be destroyed as well.If that species is whatscientists call “keystone”,a whole ecosystem may depend on it.Biodiversity is also important in its direct benefits to people.Plants give us the air we breathe;animals and plants supply us with the food we eat;and organisms and microorganisms clean the air,regulate floods, recycle waste, and control pests.Biodiversity also has economic and health benefits.Both industry and agriculture depend on it for raw material and other things.And medicine is even more dependent on biodiversity.In China, more than5,000 species of plants are used for medicinal purposes.Many species which were thought “useless” at first are found to be valuable.And this is a further threat from the loss of biodiversity.Passage 2How Many Species Are There?Exercise 1 短文5題 P104.Isn't it surprising that scientists have a better understandingof how many stars there are in the galaxy than how many species there are on Earth?Their estimates of global species diversityvary from 2 to 100 million species.Most people agree on an estimate of somewhere near 10 millionand yet only 1.5 million have actually been named.Current knowledge of species diversity is limited.This problem becomes more seriousbecause there is a lack of a central database or list of the world's species.New species are still being discovered —even new birds and mammals.On average, about three new species of birds are found each year,and since 1990, 10 new species of monkeys have been discovered.Other groups are still far from being completely described;an estimated 40 percent of freshwater fishesin South America have not yet been classified.Scientists were startled in 1980by the discovery of a huge diversity of insects in tropical forests.In one study of just 19 trees in Panama,960 new species of beetles were discovered.As scientists begin investigating other little-known ecosystems,like the soil and the deep sea,“surprising” discoveries of species become commonplace.There is nothing strange about this, though,since as many as a million undescribed species are believed to livein the deep sea.And one gram of a small-sized piece of land might hold 90 million bacteriaand other microbes.How many species these communities contain is still anyone's guess.Questions 1.Which of the following is true? 2.How many species are there on Earth according to most scientists? 3.In which of the following groups is the discovery ofnew species not mentioned in the passage? 4.What can you learn from the passage? 5.Which of the following best reveals the main idea of the passage?

Part CTest Your Listening 短文3題

P108

Scientists have created a tomato that can grow on salty water.The plant is the first crop of its kind ever produced in the world.Its significance cannot be overestimated.The new technology can help mankind solve the problem of feedingits ever-expanding population.It is estimated that by 2025 the world population will amount to more than 9 billion,an increase of 3 billion over 2,000.Each day 240, 000 more people are born, ready to be fed like the rest of us.Unfortunately, not all the land on Earth can be used to grow crops for humans.About 24.7 million acres of land is lost to agriculture each yearbecause the land has become too salty.The main cause of the problem is irrigation(灌溉).When farmers water their crops, salts in the water also enter the soil.Over time, salts such as sodium(鈉)and calcium build up to such a pointthat they severely harm the growth of crops.Salts destroy most plants' ability to draw up water through their roots.But, the new variety of tomato produced by Americanand Canadian scientists can store salts in its leavesso that the fruit doesn't taste salty.Researchers hope this technology will enable areas of poor quality land to become productive.And they can feed some of the world's growing population.Questions 1.What does this passage mainly tell us? 2.What is the significance of the new technology? 3.What will happen by 2025 according to the passage?

第二篇：全新版大學英語(第二版)聽說教程3Unit14 Women教案

Unit 14 Women Teaching Procedures I.Objectives of Unit 14 II.Part A: Pre-listening Tasks III.Part B: Listening Tasks Speaking Tasks Leisure Time IV.Part C: Additional Listening V.Part D: Home Listening

I.Objectives:

1.Familiarizing the topic of women 2.Grasping some useful sentences

3.Doing listening tasks for both general understanding and details 4.Practicing speaking tasks 5.Doing additional listening

II.Part A: Pre-listening Tasks: 1.Arrange the Ss in pairs and ask them to discuss the following questions in their books.2.Bring the Ss’ attention to the Language Focus box and tell them that they can use the sentences and structures in the box in their conversations.3.Give general help to the Ss, esp.the weaker ones.4.If time permits, or if the Ss belong to the more advanced group, ask them to discuss the additional questions below: Questions for Discussion 1.Which sex tends to live a longer life, male or female? 2.What might be some of the reasons for this difference in the length of life between men and women? 3.Are women less intelligent, less capable, weaker than men? Why or why not? Give examples to illustrate your point.4.What were the traditional roles of women? Do you think they were unfair to women? 5.Do women receive equal treatment at present? How do women feel about it? 6.Is it possible for a woman to be successful in her career and take good care of her family at the same time? Demo:

4.What were the traditional roles of women? Do you think they were unfair to women? The traditional roles of women vary according to their culture and religion.In the traditional Chinese society, women were oppressed and disrespected.The traditional role of women in China centered around the home, where they were expected to serve their families.Men dominated the Chinese society while women were subordinate to their fathers, husbands, brothers and sons.Arranged marriages left women with virtually no voice in the society.Chinese women did not have rights or privileges.So their roles were certainly unfair.In the West and in many parts of the world, traditionally when a couple got married, the man was considered to be the head of the family, and his wife was expected to defer to him.Generally, the wife would be expected to be in charge of the household, to provide food, and to raise and care

for the children.In a Jewish society, women of all classes were generally expected to be the family doctors, since professional doctors were often not available.Women would be expected to have a good knowledge of first aid and medicine, be able to make their own home remedies, treat wounds, etc.Additional Question for Discussion Do you think that women in China have ample opportunities to develop their potential? Why or why not?

Demo:

Some do, some don’t.First, opportunities are a limited resource in most places.Compared to the number of people who want them, there are simply not enough of them.Second, there’s the traditional or popular concept about women’s role.They are the weaker sex and their status is comparatively lower than men at home.Third, physically and psychologically speaking, women are faced with some special challenges, like giving birth to children.So, only those women who are well prepared, highly motivated, hard-working, and have a bit of good luck will get an opportunity to fully develop their potential.III.Part B: Listening & Speaking Tasks 1.Listening Task – Texts

Text1

Women in Business Teaching Steps: 1)Introduce some background information about the unit.2)Play the tape of Text 1 once and ask the students to do Exercise 1.Tell them to concentrate on understanding the text as a whole at this stage.3)Ask the students if they have any difficulties with language or cultural points in the text.Explain them if necessary.4)Play the tape once again and ask the students to do Exercise 2.Background and Information Women’s position in society has improved since the middle of the last century.They now enjoy the right to vote and have the same educational opportunities as men do in most countries.But this is the result of a long and hard struggle.In France, for example, women did not even have the right to open their own mail until 1923 and did not have the right to vote until 1944.And until 1965, no married woman was allowed to open her own bank account without her husband’s written consent.And even today women are still discriminated against in various ways.In many countries, women do not get equal pay for equal work.In France, women’s salary is about 75% that of men and in Britain, the situation is similar with women still earning only 79% of men’s full-time hourly pay.As regards work types, most women are in clerical and secretarial jobs, which are undervalued and underpaid.And there are far fewer women than men in top positions in various spheres of life.In our own country, when university graduates apply for an opening in a company, boys are usually preferred.To win equal treatment for women, there is still much to do.Language and Culture Notes 2.they stuck to age-old traditions that she couldn’t follow — long lunches and late-night meetings

they strictly observed those very old traditions without considering that she was now a mother and had a baby to take care of;they talked about business during long lunches and spent extra hours after work having meetings, so she could find little time to be with her baby 3.It was too much pressure and I felt like I was being sabotaged.I felt that I was being deliberately placed under more pressure than I could bear.4.And they stay in the workforce.They don’t quit their jobs after they get married.5.Frenchwomen see no need to abandon femininity and elegance in the business world French businesswomen do not think it necessary to give up their feminine charm while doing business

Text2

Are Women the Weaker Sex? Teaching Steps: 1)Play the tape of Text 2 once and ask the students to do Exercise 1.Tell them to concentrate on understanding the text as a whole at this stage.2)Ask the students if they have any difficulties with language or cultural points in the text.Explain them if necessary.3)Play the tape once again and ask the students to do Exercise 2.Language and Culture Notes 1.Mother Nature favors her own sex when it comes to longevity

So far as the length of life is concerned, Nature, represented traditionally as a female, seems to have a partiality for women and bestows on them the good fortune of a longer life.2.men actually get a head start in the battle of the sexes more boys were actually born than girls

3.they then leave men in the dust, with three women alive for every man by age 85 by age 85, more men have died and the ratio of surviving women to men is 3 to 1

2.Speaking Tasks 1)Ask the Ss to get into pairs and carry out Speaking Task A – Reflections on the texts.2)Select a pair to present their views in class.3)Go on to Speaking Task B – Debating.Ask the Ss to read the directions and sample answers for Task B.Then ask each pair to express their views on the same topic from the perspectives of different groups of people.Encourage the Ss to use some of the expressions in the sample answers and in the Language Focus box above.4)If time permits, select one pair to present their arguments in class.IV.Part C: Additional Listening

Teaching steps: 1)Ask Ss to go over the chart before listening.2)Listen to the tape and put a tick before the choice.3)Listen again and then check up.V.Assignments:

1)Do Part D as the assignment and the teacher will check up next week.2)General Review

第三篇：全新版大學英語綜合教程3(第二版)漢譯英

一單元

1.并非每個人對什么是對.什么是錯都持有一樣的看法

Not everyone agrees on what is right and what is wrong

2.但是遺憾的是,金錢并非一切

but, unfortunately, money isn't everything

3.并非所有美國人都喜歡吃

not all Americans like them

4.人的興趣不盡相同

Not all people share the same interests

二單元

1.我們方懂得珍惜生命的價值

we come to appreciate the value of life.2.人們總有一天會喜歡轉基因農作物

people will come to like genetically modified crops someday

3.我們逐漸意識到平請一位計算機保安專家的必要性

we have come to realize the necessity of hiring a computer-security expert.4.逐漸認識到中國人喜歡“把著手教”

came to under?stand that the Chinese preferred “teaching by holding the hand”.三單元

1.因特網已不再是一個不同尋常的字眼

Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be.2.大多數男人穿上西服看上去倒不是沒有魅力

Most men do not look unattractive in them.3.盡管她富裕，她對突然遭到解雇并非無動于衷

Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment.4.鑒于嚴重犯罪活動的大幅下降，這樣的聲音并非不切實際

This claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5.他身體欠佳，與他不健康的生活方式不無關系

His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.五單元

1.人們理所當然的認為

it was taken for granted

2.大多數年輕人呢把自來水看成理所當然

Most young people take tap water for granted

3.想當然的認為他們已經結婚

took it for granted that they were married.4.第二封禮物更是理所當然的the second is taken for granted.

第四篇：全新版大學英語綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯

unit 4

Was Einstein a Space Alien? 1 Albert Einstein was exhausted.For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn.When Albert finally dozed off...it was time to get up and go to work.He couldn't skip a day.He needed the job to support his young family.1.阿爾伯特.愛因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的兒子漢斯連續三個晚上哭鬧不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都無法入睡。阿爾伯特總算可以打個瞌睡時，已是他起床上班的時候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要這份工作來養活組建不久的家庭。Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a “Technical Expert, Third Class,” Albert worried about his mother.She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva.Relations were strained.Albert glanced at a passing shop window.His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿爾伯特是專利局三等技術專家。在快步去專利局上班的路上，他為母親憂心忡忡。母親年紀越來越大，身體虛弱。她不同意兒子與邁爾娃的婚事，婆媳關系緊張。阿爾伯特瞥了一下路過的商店的櫥窗，看見自己頭發凌亂，他又忘了梳頭了。Work.Family.Making ends meet.Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.3.工作，家庭，維持生計——阿爾伯特感受到了一位年輕丈夫和年輕父親所要承擔的全部壓力和責任。

To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下，卻使物理學發生了突破性進展 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science--all written in his “spare time.” He proved that atoms and molecules existed.Before 1905, scientists weren't sure about that.He argued that light came in little bits(later called “photons”)and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.4.1905年，在他被聘為物理學教授的前四年，26歲的愛因斯坦發表了科學史上最重要論文中的五篇——這些論文都是他在“業余時間”完成的。他證明了原子和分子的存在。1905年之前，科學家們對此沒有把握。愛因斯坦論證說光以微粒形態出現（后來被稱為“光子”），這為量子力學奠定了基礎。他把狹義相對論描寫為：時空如同普通織物中的線，他提出，這些線可以彎曲、拉長和交織在一起。Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.5.對了，順便提一下，E = mc2。Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton.It happened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge.With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation.6.在愛因斯坦之前，最近一位迸發出如此創造性思想的科學家當數艾薩克牛頓

爵士。事情發生在1666，為了躲避在劍橋爆發的瘟疫，牛頓去母親的農場隱居。由于沒有什么更好的事可做，他便建立萬有引力理論。For centuries historians called 1666 Newton's “miracle year”.Now those words have a different meaning: Einstein and 1905.The United Nations has declared 2005 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's “miracle year.” 7.幾個世紀以來,歷史學家稱為1666牛頓的“奇跡年”。現在這些話有不同的意義：愛因斯坦和1905。聯合國已經宣布2005年“世界物理年“慶祝愛因斯坦“奇跡年”的100周年。8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker.His ideas, we're told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists.He must have come from some other planet--maybe the same one Newton grew up on.8.現代流行文化把愛因斯坦繪畫成一位長著蓬亂頭發的超級思想家。據說他的思想不可思議地遠遠超過其他科學家。他一定是從其他星球來的——也許是牛頓長大的同一個星球。9 “Einstein was no space alien,” laughs Harvard University physicist and science historian Peter Galison.“He was a man of his time.” All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists.“If Einstein hadn't been born, [those papers] would have been written in some form, eventually, by others,” Galison believes.9.“愛因斯坦決不是外星人，”哈佛大學物理學家、科學史家彼得加里森笑著說。“他是他那個時代的人。”他所有發表于1905年的論文解決了當時其他科學家正多多少少在解決的問題，“如果沒有愛因斯坦，其他科學家最終也會以某種形式撰寫出這些論文來的”加里森相信。What's remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.10.1905年不同尋常的是，愛因斯坦一個人撰寫的五篇論文，而且他得出結論的方法既富原創性又顯得不合常規。For example: the photoelectric effect.This was a puzzle in the early 1900s.When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off.This can happen only if light comes in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose.A spread-out wave wouldn't do the photoelectric trick.11.例如：光電效應。這在20世紀初期的一道難題。當光照射到金屬（如鋅）上時，電子飛速飛離電子表面，這種現象只有當光的粒子集聚的程度足以把電子擊撞松動的時候才會發生。漫延波不會產生光電效應。The solution seems simple--light is particulate.Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921.Other physicists like Max Planck(working on a related problem: blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first.Why? 12.答案似乎很簡單——光是粒子。事實上，這是愛因斯坦1905年提出的解答，并因此于1921年獲得諾貝爾獎。其他物理學家們，比如比愛因斯坦資歷更深、經驗更豐富的麥克斯普蘭克（從事研究相關的問題：黑體輻射），其研究正接近

該問題的答案，但愛因斯坦捷足先登。為什么？ It's a question of authority.這是對權威的看法問題 “In Einstein's day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell.Nobody wanted to do that,” says Galison.Maxwell's equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetism and optics.Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave.Maxwell was an Authority Figure.13.“在愛因斯坦的時代，如果你試圖說光由粒子組成，你就會發現自己與物理學家杰姆斯.克拉克.馬克斯威爾持不同觀點。沒有人想那么做，”加里森說道。馬克斯威爾的方程式把物理學中的電學、磁學和光學統一起來，獲得了巨大的成功。麥克斯威爾毫無疑問地證明了光是電磁波。他可是權威人物。Einstein didn't give a fig for authority.He didn't resist being told what to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true.Even as a child he was constantly doubting and questioning.“Your mere presence here undermines the class's respect for me,” spat his 7th grade teacher, Dr.Joseph Degenhart.(Degenhart also predicted that Einstein “would never get anywhere in life.”)This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einstein's discoveries.14.愛因斯坦豪不在乎權威。他不太反對別人要求他做什么，但是他不喜歡別人告訴他什么是正確的。即使在小時候他也不停地質疑和問問題。“你呆在這里損害了全班學生對我尊敬，”他第七年級的老師約瑟夫狄根哈特博士憤怒地說。（狄根哈特還預言愛因斯坦“永遠不會有出息”）這一性格缺陷成為日后愛因斯坦作出種種發現的主要因素。“In 1905,” notes Galison, “Einstein had just received his Ph.D.He wasn't beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure.” His mind was free to roam accordingly.15.“在1905年，”加里森著重指出，“愛因斯坦剛剛獲得博士學位，他不感激于論文導師或任何其他權威人士。”因此，他的思想在自由漫游。In retrospect, Maxwell was right.Light is a wave.But Einstein was right, too.Light is a particle.This bizarre duality baffles Physics 101 students today just as it baffled Einstein in 1905.How can light be both? Einstein had no idea.16.回想起來，麥克斯威爾是正確的。光是一種波。但愛因斯坦也是對的。光是粒子。這種異乎尋常的二象性使今天選修無力101課程的同學們感到困惑，就像在1905年使愛因斯坦感到困惑一樣。光怎么可能既是波又是粒子呢？愛因斯坦無法理解。That didn't slow him down.Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool.“I believe in intuition and inspiration,” he wrote in 1931.“At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason.” 17.困惑并沒有使愛因斯坦放慢探究的腳步。愛因斯坦不屑謹小慎微，他采用直覺跳躍思維作為基本工具。“我相信直覺和靈感，”他在1931年寫道。“有時盡管不知道原因，但是我肯定我是對的。Although Einstein's five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, deeply, since childhood.“Science was dinner-table conversation in the Einstein household,” explains Galison.Albert's father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran a German company making such things as dynamos, arc lamps, light bulbs and telephones.This was high-tech at the turn of the century, “like a Silicon Valley company would be today,” notes Galison.“Albert's interest in science and technology came naturally.” 18.雖說愛因斯坦在短短的一年內發表了五篇論文，其實他童年時代就一直深入地思考物理的問題。“科學是愛因斯坦在餐桌上聊天的話題。”加里森解釋道。愛因斯坦的父親赫爾曼和叔叔雅各布經營一家德國公司，制造發電機，電弧燈，燈泡、電話等諸如此類的產品。這是（20）世紀之初屬于高科技，“像今天的硅谷公司，”加里森著重提到。“艾伯特對科學技術與生俱來懷有興趣。” Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties.No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doing math problems while others danced around him.Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!19.愛因斯坦的父母有時會帶兒子參加聚會。她們不常請人看孩子：當其他人在他周圍跳舞時，阿爾伯特坐在沙發上，全神貫注，靜靜地做數學題。筆和紙是阿爾伯特的玩具！20 He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled “...even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him.” 20.他有極強的集中思想的能力。愛因斯坦的妹妹瑪雅，回憶說：“??即使周圍非常吵鬧，他也能躺在沙發上，拿起紙和筆，悠悠地把墨水池放在一個靠背上，專心致志得解題，北京聲音不但沒有打擾他，反而激勵他。” Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers.“I have no special talents,” he claimed, “I am only passionately curious.” And again: “The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers...and the reality is simply grotesque.” Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.21.愛因斯坦顯然很聰明，但不比他的同齡人超出多少。“我沒有什么特別的才能，”他說，“只是我的好奇心非常強烈。”還有：“大眾對我能力的評估?和現實之間的差異簡直大得荒唐。”愛因斯坦把他的發現更多地歸功于想象力和不斷提問而不是普通所謂的智慧。Later in life, it should be remembered, he struggled mightily to produce a unified field theory, combining gravity with other forces of nature.He failed.Einstein's brainpower was not limitless.22.應該記住的是，愛因斯坦在晚年竭盡全力想象提出統一場論，把萬有引力和自然界中其他的力結合起來。但他失敗了。愛因斯坦的智力不是無限的。Neither was Einstein's brain.It was removed without permission by Dr.Thomas Harvey in 1955 when Einstein died.He probably expected to find something extraordinary:Einstein's mother Pauline had famously worried that baby Einstein's head was lopsided.(Einstein's grandmother had a different concern: “Much too fat!”)But Einstein's brain looked much like any other, gray, crinkly, and, if anything, a trifle smaller than average.23.愛因斯坦的大腦也是如此。他1955年去世的時候，托馬斯哈維醫生在未經許可的情況下解剖了他的大腦。也許他期盼發現一些驚人的東西。但是愛因斯坦死的大腦看起來和其他人的大腦很相似，灰色，波狀的。如果非要說什么不同，那就是他的大腦比正常人的小一點。

軼事愛因斯坦

廢紙簍他的錯誤時，艾伯特愛因斯坦抵達美國，在54歲駛入紐約港的遠洋班輪westernland十月171933，官方歡迎委員會正在等著他。愛因斯坦和他的隨行人員，然而，不知去向。亞伯拉罕弗萊克斯納，導演在普林斯頓高等研究院，新澤西，被屏蔽他的名人教授從宣傳。所以他派拖船精神偉人從westernland盡快通過檢疫。他的頭發撥出一個寬邊黑帽，愛因斯坦偷偷地到拖船上岸，這使他和他的黨下曼哈頓，在車接送到普林斯頓。”愛因斯坦博士是想求得和平和安靜，”弗萊克斯納告訴記者。諾貝爾獎得主在1921他對理論物理學，愛因斯坦得到一個辦公室在學院。他問他需要什么設備。”一個寫字臺或桌子，椅子，紙和鉛筆，”他回答說。“哦，和一個大簍，所以我可以扔掉我所有的錯誤。”他和埃爾莎，他的妻子，租了一個房子和定居生活在普林斯頓。他喜歡美國的事實，盡管其不平等的財富和種族不公正，更多的是一個精英比歐洲。”讓新來的

致力于這個國家的民主特質的人，”他后來奇跡。”沒有人謙卑自己，在另一個人。”不是一個愛因斯坦愛因斯坦，然而，沒有愛因斯坦的時候他還是一個孩子的成長。在慕尼黑，德國，第一個孩子的赫爾曼和保羅愛因斯坦，他在緩慢的學習說話。“我的父母非常擔心，”他回憶道，“他們找醫生。”當他開始使用的話2歲之后，他制定了一個怪癖，促使他的保姆給他遲鈍的人。”他所說的每一句，無論多么常規，”回憶起他的妹妹，瑪雅，”他輕聲地反復，動動嘴唇。”他緩慢發展的結合是一個厚臉皮的叛逆的權威，從而導致一個德國校長把他包裝。另一個說，愛因斯坦不會多。“當我問自己這是怎么發生的，我發現了相對論，它似乎躺在下面的情況，”愛因斯坦后來解釋說。“普通成人不會困擾他的頭問題的空間和時間。這些都是他認為作為一個孩子。但我發展很慢，我開始思考的空間和時間，當我已經長大了。我更深入探討的問題不是一個普通的孩子都有一個快樂的科學。”鼓勵他的和藹的父親，誰經營家族生意，和他熱愛音樂的母親，愛因斯坦花了幾個小時的工作上的難題和建筑 塔的玩具。”的毅力和韌性是他性格中的一部分，”他的妹妹說。一次，愛因斯坦生病在床上作為一個孩子，他的父親帶他一個指南針。愛因斯坦后來想起這么激動，當他檢查了它的神秘力量，他顫抖著越來越冷。磁針的表現好像受到一個隱藏的力場，而不是通過機械的方法接觸或接觸。”深深的藏得背后的東西，”他說。他對磁域，重力，慣性和光束。他保留的能力，將兩個念頭的同時，感到困惑時，沖突和喜悅時，他看到一個潛在的團結。”像你我這樣的人是永遠不會老的，”他寫道，一個朋友多年以后我們從來沒有停止過。”都是好奇的孩童面前的偉大神秘的，我們是天生的。”普遍的看法相反，愛因斯坦擅長數學。在13歲的時候，他已經有了一個偏愛解決復雜問題的應用數學，他的妹妹回憶說。一個叔叔，雅各布愛因斯坦，工程師，把他介紹給歡樂的代數，稱它是“快樂的科學，”當愛因斯坦取得了勝利，他“很高興不已。”他從閱讀科普書籍，這表明他“圣經不可能是真的，”愛因斯坦制定了一個抵制一切形式的教條。他寫了1901，“一個愚蠢的信仰權威是真理最大的敵人。”

一個驕傲的美國在15歲時，愛因斯坦離開德國去了意大利北部，在那里他的父母遷往自己的業務，并在16，他寫了他的第一篇文章在理論物理。愛因斯坦發現了相對論，他畢業于蘇黎世理工大學1900當他21，涉及的直覺知識以及個人的經驗。他發展的理論，從1905開始，后一個工作在瑞士專利局。但他的理論并不完全接受，直到1919，當觀測在一次日食證實他的預測多少太陽的引力彎曲的光束。在年齡40，1919，愛因斯坦突然被世界著名。他也結婚的埃爾莎和他的妻子，是父親的兒子從他的第一次婚姻。1921的春天，他的名聲大爆炸導致盛大月訪問美國，在那里他收到熱烈歡迎，他會喚起大眾瘋狂所到之處。世界從未見過這樣一個科學名人明星。愛因斯坦熱愛美國，欣賞其連發繁榮的結果，自由和個人主義。在3月1933，希特勒在德國，愛因斯坦意識到他可以不再生活在歐洲的。秋天，他定居在普林斯頓，和1940，他是美國公民，自豪地稱自己美國。自然界的和諧和數學

他的第一個萬圣節生活在美國，愛因斯坦解除了一些搗蛋的小夜曲驚訝他們在門口和小提琴。在圣誕節，當成員的本地教會來唱圣誕頌歌，他走到外面，借了一把小提琴，愉快地陪他們。愛因斯坦很快獲得的圖像，它長到附近的一個傳說，是一個親切的教授，分散在次但始終甜，誰很少梳頭穿襪子。”我已經到了一歲時，如果有人告訴我穿襪子，我不去，”他告訴當地的一些孩子。他曾經幫助一個15歲的學生，亨利·羅索，以新聞類。我們的老師提供了一個高檔的人得分采訪的科學家，所以我們出現在愛因斯坦的家，卻被拒絕在門外。送牛奶的人給了他一個提示：愛因斯坦走了一段路每早晨9: 30.rosso溜出學校，同他搭訕。但學生，突然所有的困惑，不知道問什么。所以愛因斯坦提出的問題，關于數學的。”我發現大自然是建造在一個美妙的方式，我們的任務就是找到我們的[它]的數學結構，”愛因斯坦解釋了自己的教育。”它是一種信念，幫助我通過我的整個生活。”訪談獲得亨利羅索A。

unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll.On an especially lonely day to be at sea--Thanksgiving Day--he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football.Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亞歷克斯·黑利二戰時在海岸警衛隊服役。出海在外，時逢一個倍感孤寂的日子――感恩節，他開始認真思考起這一節日的意義。對許多美國人而言，這個節日已成為大吃大喝、沒完沒了地看橄欖球比賽的日子。黑利決定寫三封不同尋常的信，以此來紀念感恩節的真正意義。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.寫三封感謝信 亞利克斯·黑利

那是在二戰期間的1943年，我是個年輕的美國海岸警衛隊隊員。我們的船，美國軍艦軍市一號已出海多日。多數船艙裝著成千上萬箱罐裝或風干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在墊過的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個規模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是軍市一號上的一個廚師，跟岸上的人一樣，那個感恩節的上午，我們忙著在準備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.當廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過，等到太陽快下山時，我們總算全都收拾停當了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我開始思索起感恩節這個節日來，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的事什么――某種我能夠賦予這一節日以個人意義的方式。大概過了半個小時左右我才意識到，問題的關鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個字前后顛倒一下――那樣一來至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表達謝意――就如在祈禱時感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對啊，是這樣，當然是這樣。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

過了片刻，如同晨曦初現，一個更清晰的念頭終于涌現腦際――要感謝他人，那些賜我以諸多恩惠，我根本無以回報的人們。令我深感不安的實際情形是，我向來對他們所做的一切受之泰然，認為是理所應當。我一次也沒想過要對他們中的任何一位真心誠意地說一句簡單的謝謝。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七個人對我有過不同尋常、影響深遠的幫助。令人難過的是，我意識到，他們中有一半已經過世了――因此他們永遠也無法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著他們各自對我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達我對他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的農業機械師范學院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭·帕爾默；以及我的文法學校校長，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾·納爾遜牧師。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是這樣開頭的：“出海在外度過的這個感恩節，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我從來沒有對您說過自己是多么想感謝您――”我簡短回憶了各位為我所做的具體事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時代起，他就讓我深深意識到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學的單詞。我對書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導我自己撰文著書。多少次，當我看到如今的孩子們如此沉迷于電子媒體時，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發現的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學生做禱告，以此開始鄉村小學的一天。我告訴他，我后來所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學校晨禱的影響。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來讓我吃到她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來沒吃過那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因為她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡覺前，我的這三封信都送進了船上的郵袋。我們抵達圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個人的經歷漸漸淡忘。我們在海上航行時，有時會與郵船會合，郵船會帶給我們家信，當然這是我們視為最緊要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每當船上的喇叭響起：“大伙聽好！郵件點名！”200名左右的水兵就會沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把信，大聲念收信水手的名字，叫到的人從人群當中擠出，一邊應道：“來了，來了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“郵件點名”帶給我外祖母，爸爸，以及納爾遜牧師的回信――我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他們沒有說他們原諒我以前不曾感謝他們，相反，他們向我致謝，天哪，就因為我記得，就因為我認為他們做了不同尋常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身為大學教授的爸爸向來特別留意不使用任何過于感情化的文字，因此，當他對我寫道，在教了許許多多的年輕人之后，他認為自己最優秀的學生當中也包括自己的兒子時，我知道他是多么地感動。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.納爾遜牧師寫道，他那平凡的傳統校長的歲月隨著學校里發生的如此迅猛的變化而結束，他懷著自我懷疑的心態退了休。“說我做得不對的遠遠多于說我做得對的，” 他寫道，接著說我的信給他帶來了振奮人心的信心：自己的校長生涯還是有其價值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的筆跡，我頓時回想起往日站在她的白色搖椅旁看她給親戚寫信的情景。外祖母一個字母一個字母地慢慢拼出一個詞，接著是下一個詞，因此寫滿一頁要花上幾個小時。捧著外祖母最近花費不少工夫對我表達了充滿慈愛的謝意，我禁不住流淚――從前是她給我換尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.許多年后，我從海岸警衛隊退役，試著靠寫作為生，我一直不曾忘記那三封“感謝”信是如何使我認識到，大凡人都暗自期望著有更多的人對自己的努力表達謝意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.現在，感恩節又將來臨，我自問，對此文的讀者，對我們的祖國，事實上對全世界，我有什么祝愿，因為，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的話來說，“我們究其實都是十分相像的凡人，有著相似的需求。”當然，我首先祝愿大家記住這一簡單的常識：實現世界和平，這對我們自身的存亡至關重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我還有別的祝愿――這一祝愿是如此強烈，我將這句話印在我所有的信箋底部：“發現并褒揚各種美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春節那樣，散居各處的美國人到感恩節就回家團聚。埃倫·古德曼在等待著子女回家的同時，思索著當子女長大離家，常常在遠方定居之后，父母與子女關系的不斷變化。

找不到b了

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

約翰西病情嚴重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫生對她不抱什么希望。朋友們看來也愛莫能助。難道真的就無可奈何了嗎？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片葉子 歐·亨利

在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個畫室。“約翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱。她們一位來自緬因州，一位來自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個咖啡館，發現各自在藝術品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個兩人畫室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個醫生稱之為肺炎的陰森的隱形客闖入了這一地區，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動不動，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調沉悶的側墻。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫生揚了揚灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來到過道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他說。“那還得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去畫那不勒斯灣，”蘇說。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“畫畫？――得了。她有沒有別的事值得她留戀的――比如說，一個男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”蘇說。“難道一個男人就值得――可是，她沒有啊，大夫，沒有這碼子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫說。“我會盡一切努力，只要是科學能做到的。可是，但凡病人開始計算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車的時候，我就要把醫藥的療效減去一半。”大夫走后，蘇去工作室哭了一場。隨后她攜著畫板大步走進約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動不動，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數著數――倒數著數！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她數道，過了一會兒“11”，接著數“10”和“9”；再數“8”和“7”，幾乎一口同時數下來。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數的呢？外面只看到一個空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開外那磚房的側墻，上面什么也沒有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，約翰西數著，聲音幾乎聽不出來。“現在葉子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數得我頭都疼。可現在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，親愛的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會這樣。大夫沒跟你說嗎？”

”Oh, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我從沒聽說過這種胡說八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關系？別這么傻。對了，大夫上午跟我說，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些湯，讓蘇迪給她生病的孩子去買些波爾圖葡萄酒來。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去買酒了，”約翰西說道，兩眼一直盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開一切, 飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”蘇說。“我得叫貝爾曼上樓來給我當老礦工模特兒。我去去就來。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個畫家。他已年過六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術家，但在藝術上卻沒有什么成就。40年來他一直想創作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒能動手。他給那些請不起職業模特的青年畫家當模特掙點小錢。他沒節制地喝酒，談論著他那即將問世的不朽之作。要說其他方面，他是個好斗的小老頭，要是誰表現出一點軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫室里兩位年輕藝術家的看護人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫架上支著一張從未落過筆的畫布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說了，并說約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話，真的會凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說他蔑視這種傻念頭。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes.“

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有這么愚蠢的人，因為樹葉從藤上掉落就要去死？我聽都沒聽說過這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個怪腦袋里？天哪！這不是一個像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫一幅巨作，那時候我們就離開這里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人面面相覷，啞然無語。外面冷雨夾雪，淅淅瀝瀝。貝爾曼穿著破舊的藍色襯衣, 坐在充當礦石的倒置的水壺上，擺出礦工的架勢。

When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.第二天早上，只睡了一個小時的蘇醒來看到約翰西睜大著無神的雙眼，凝望著拉下的綠色窗簾。

”Pull it up;I want to see,“ she ordered, in a whisper.“把窗簾拉起來；我要看，”她低聲命令道。

Wearily Sue obeyed.蘇帶著疲倦，遵命拉起窗簾。

But, Lo!after the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf.It was the last on the vine.Still dark green near its stem, but with its edges colored yellow, it hung bravely from a branch some twenty feet above the ground.可是，瞧！經過一整夜的急風驟雨，竟然還存留一片常青藤葉，背靠磚墻，格外顯目。這是常青藤上的最后一片葉子。近梗部位仍呈暗綠色，但邊緣已經泛黃了，它無所畏懼地掛在離地20多英尺高的枝干上。

”It is the last one,“ said Johnsy.”I thought it would surely fall during the night.I heard the wind.It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.“

“這是最后一片葉子，”約翰西說。“我以為夜里它肯定會掉落的。我晚上聽到大風呼嘯。今天它會掉落的，葉子掉的時候，也是我死的時候。”

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall.And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed.白天慢慢過去了，即便在暮色黃昏之中，他們仍能看到那片孤零零的常青藤葉子，背靠磚墻，緊緊抱住梗莖。爾后，隨著夜幕的降臨，又是北風大作。

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.等天色亮起，冷酷無情的約翰西命令將窗簾拉起。

The ivy leaf was still there.常青藤葉依然挺在。

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it.And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken soup over the gas stove.約翰西躺在那兒，望著它許久許久。接著她大聲呼喚正在煤氣灶上攪雞湯的蘇。

”I've been a bad girl, Sudie,“ said Johnsy.”Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was.It is a sin to want to die.You may bring me a little soup now, and some milk with a little port in it and--no;bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook.“

“我一直像個不乖的孩子，蘇迪，”約翰西說。“有一種力量讓那最后一片葉子不掉，好讓我看到自己有多壞。想死是一種罪過。你給我喝點湯吧，再來點牛奶，稍放一點波爾圖葡萄酒――不，先給我拿面小鏡子來，弄幾個枕頭墊在我身邊，我要坐起來看你做菜。”

An hour later she said:

一個小時之后，她說：

”Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.“

“蘇迪，我真想有一天去畫那不勒斯海灣。”

The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left.下午大夫來了，他走時蘇找了個借口跟進了過道。

”Even chances,“ said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his.“現在是勢均力敵，”大夫說著，握了握蘇纖細顫抖的手。

”With good nursing you'll win.And now I must see another case I have downstairs.Behrman, his name is--some kind of an artist, I believe.Pneumonia, too.He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute.There is no hope for him;but he goes to the hospital today to be made more comfortable.“

“只要精心照料，你就贏了。現在我得去樓下看另外一個病人了。貝爾曼，是他的名字――記得是個什么畫家。也是肺炎。他年老體弱，病來勢又猛。他是沒救了。不過今天他去了醫院，照料得會好一點。”

The next day the doctor said to Sue: ”She's out of danger.You've won.The right food and care now--that's all.“

第二天，大夫對蘇說：“她脫離危險了。你贏了。注意飲食，好好照顧，就行了。”

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay and put one arm around her.當日下午，蘇來到約翰西的床頭，用一只手臂摟住她。

”I have something to tell you, white mouse,“ she said.”Mr.Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital.He was ill only two days.He was found on the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain.His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and--look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece--he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

“我跟你說件事，小白鼠，”她說。“貝爾曼先生今天在醫院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才兩天。發病那天上午人家在樓下他的房間里發現他疼得利害。他的鞋子衣服都濕透了，冰冷冰冷的。他們想不出那么糟糕的天氣他夜里會去哪兒。后來他們發現了一個燈籠，還亮著，還有一個梯子被拖了出來，另外還有些散落的畫筆，一個調色板，和著黃綠兩種顏色，――看看窗外，寶貝兒，看看墻上那最后一片常青藤葉子。它在刮風的時候一動也不動，你沒有覺得奇怪嗎？啊，親愛的，那是貝爾曼的杰作――最后一片葉子掉落的那天夜里他畫上了這片葉子。”

He did not trust the woman to trust him.And he did not trust the woman not to trust him.And he did not want to be mistrusted now.他不敢相信這個女人居然會信任自己。他也不認為這個女人就不信任自己。不過，現在他不想失去別人對自己的信任。

第五篇：全新版大學英語綜合教程3課文原文和翻譯

unit 1 Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside.Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land.Few get round to putting their dreams into practice.This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm.Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美國，不少人對鄉村生活懷有浪漫的情感。許多居住在城鎮的人夢想著自己辦個農場，夢想著靠土地為生。很少有人真去把夢想變為現實。或許這也沒有什么不好，因為，正如吉姆·多爾蒂當初開始其寫作和農場經營雙重生涯時所體驗到的那樣，農耕生活遠非輕松自在。但他寫道，自己并不后悔，對自己作出的改變生活方式的決定仍熱情不減。

Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

Jim Doherty

There are two things I have always wanted to do--write and live

on a farm.Today I'm doing both.I am not in E.B.White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by.And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多爾蒂先生創建自己的理想生活

吉姆·多爾蒂

有兩件事是我一直想做的――寫作與務農。如今我同時做著這兩件事。作為作家，我和E·B·懷特不屬同一等級，作為農場主，我和鄉鄰也不是同一類人，不過我應付得還行。在城市以及郊區歷經多年的悵惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪終于在這里的鄉村尋覓到心靈的滿足。

It's a self-reliant sort of life.We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables.Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week.Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.這是一種自力更生的生活。我們食用的果蔬幾乎都是自己種的。自家飼養的雞提供雞蛋，每星期還能剩余幾十個出售。自家養殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我們還自己動手砍柴，足可供過冬取暖之用。

It's a satisfying life too.In the summer we canoe on the river, go

picnicking in the woods and take long bicycle rides.In the winter we ski and skate.We get excited about sunsets.We love the smell of the earth warming and the sound of cattle lowing.We watch for hawks in the sky and deer in the cornfields.這也是一種令人滿足的生活。夏日里我們在河上蕩舟，在林子里野餐，騎著自行車長時間漫游。冬日里我們滑雪溜冰。我們為落日的余輝而激動。我們愛聞大地回暖的氣息，愛聽牛群哞叫。我們守著看鷹兒飛過上空，看玉米田間鹿群嬉躍。

But the good life can get pretty tough.Three months ago when it was 30 below, we spent two miserable days hauling firewood up the river on a sled.Three months from now, it will be 95 above and we will be cultivating corn, weeding strawberries and killing chickens.Recently, Sandy and I had to retile the back roof.Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside.Later this month, we'll spray the orchard, paint the barn, plant the garden and clean the hen house before the new chicks arrive.但如此美妙的生活有時會變得相當艱苦。就在三個月前，氣溫降到華氏零下30度，我們辛苦勞作了整整兩天，用一個雪橇沿著河邊拖運木柴。再過三個月，氣溫會升到95度，我們就要給玉米松土，在草莓地除草，還要宰殺家禽。前一陣子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋頂。過些時候，四個孩子中的兩個小的，16歲的吉米和13歲的埃米莉，會幫著我一起把拖了很久沒修的室外廁所修葺一下，那是專為室外干活修建的。這個月晚些時候，我們要給果樹噴灑藥水，要油漆谷倉，要給菜園播種，要趕在新的小雞運到之前清掃雞舍。

In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers.Sandy, meanwhile, pursues her own demanding schedule.Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs.There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this--and not much for the virtuous either.在這些活計之間，我每周要抽空花五、六十個小時，不是打字撰文，就是為作為自由撰稿人投給報刊的文章進行采訪。桑迪則有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家務，她還照管菜園和蜂房，烘烤面包，將食品裝罐、冷藏，開車送孩子學音樂，和他們一起練習，自己還要上風琴課，為我做些研究工作并打字，自己有時也寫寫文章，還要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、運送雞蛋。正如老話說的那樣，在這種情形之下，壞人不得閑――賢德之人也歇

不了。

None of us will ever forget our first winter.We were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the house and barn, we kept warm inside burning our own wood, eating our own apples and loving every minute of it.我們誰也不會忘記第一年的冬天。從12月一直到3月底，我們都被深達5英尺的積雪困著。暴風雪肆虐，一場接著一場，積雪厚厚地覆蓋著屋子和谷倉，而室內，我們用自己砍伐的木柴燒火取暖，吃著自家種植的蘋果，溫馨快樂每一分鐘。

When spring came, it brought two floods.First the river overflowed, covering much of our land for weeks.Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave of produce.Our freezer filled up with cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans and corn.Then our canned-goods shelves and cupboards began to grow with preserves, tomato juice, grape juice, plums, jams and jellies.Eventually, the basement floor disappeared under piles of potatoes, squash and pumpkins, and the barn began to fill with apples and pears.It was amazing.開春后，有過兩次泛濫。一次是河水外溢，我們不少田地被淹

了幾個星期。接著一次是生長季節到了，一波又一波的農產品潮涌而來，弄得我們應接不暇。我們的冰箱里塞滿了櫻桃、藍莓、草莓、蘆筍、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接著我們存放食品罐的架子上、柜櫥里也開始堆滿一罐罐的腌漬食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果醬和果凍。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫蘆、南瓜，谷倉里也儲滿了蘋果和梨。真是太美妙了。

The next year we grew even more food and managed to get through the winter on firewood that was mostly from our own trees and only 100 gallons of heating oil.At that point I began thinking seriously about quitting my job and starting to freelance.The timing was terrible.By then, Shawn and Amy, our oldest girls were attending expensive Ivy League schools and we had only a few thousand dollars in the bank.Yet we kept coming back to the same question: Will there ever be a better time? The answer, decidedly, was no, and so--with my employer's blessings and half a year's pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket--off I went.第二年我們種了更多的作物，差不多就靠著從自家樹林砍斫的木柴以及僅僅100加侖的燃油過了冬。其時，我開始認真考慮起辭了職去從事自由撰稿的事來。時機選得實在太差。當時，兩個大的女兒肖恩和埃米正在費用很高的常春藤學校上學，而我們只有幾千美金的銀行存款。但我們一再回到一個老問題上來：真的會有更好的時機嗎？答案無疑是否定的。于是，帶著老板的祝福，口袋里揣著作為累

積津貼的半年薪水，我走了。

There have been a few anxious moments since then, but on balance things have gone much better than we had any right to expect.For various stories of mine, I've crawled into black-bear dens for Sports Illustrated, hitched up dogsled racing teams for Smithsonian magazine, checked out the Lake Champlain “monster” for Science Digest, and canoed through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for Destinations.那以后有過一些焦慮的時刻，但總的來說，情況比我們料想的要好得多。為了寫那些內容各不相同的文章，我為《體育畫報》爬進過黑熊窩；為《史密森期刊》替參賽的一組組狗套上過雪橇；為《科學文摘》調查過尚普蘭湖水怪的真相；為《終點》雜志在明尼蘇達劃著小舟穿越美、加邊界水域內的公共荒野保護區。

I'm not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we don't need as much either.I generate enough income to handle our $600-a-month mortgage payments plus the usual expenses for a family like ours.That includes everything from music lessons and dental bills to car repairs and college costs.When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man's major-medical policy.We have to pay the first $500 of any medical fees for each member of the family.It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that.Although we are stuck with paying

minor expenses, our premium is low--only $560 a year--and we are covered against catastrophe.Aside from that and the policy on our two cars at $400 a year, we have no other insurance.But we are setting aside $2,000 a year in an IRA.我掙的錢遠比不上擔任全職工作時的收入，可如今我們需要的錢也沒有過去多。我掙的錢足以應付每月600美金的房屋貸款按揭以及一家人的日常開銷。那些開銷包括了所有支出，如音樂課學費、牙醫賬單、汽車維修以及大學費用等等。至于保險，我們買了一份低收入者的主要醫療項目保險。我們需要為每一位家庭成員的任何一項醫療費用支付最初的500美金。醫療保險則支付超出部分的80％。雖然我們仍要支付小部分醫療費用，但我們的保險費也低--每年只要560美金--而我們給自己生大病保了險。除了這一保險項目，以及兩輛汽車每年400美金的保險，我們就沒有其他保險了。不過我們每年留出2000美元入個人退休金賬戶。

We've been able to make up the difference in income by cutting back without appreciably lowering our standard of living.We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city.We still attend the opera and ballet in Milwaukee but only a few times a year.We eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments...我們通過節約開支而又不明顯降低生活水準的方式來彌補收入差額。我們每個月仍出去吃一兩次飯，不過現在我們光顧的是當地餐館，而不是城里的高級飯店。我們仍去密爾沃基聽歌劇看芭蕾演出，不過一年才幾次。我們肉吃得少了，酒喝得便宜了，電影看得少了。鋪張的圣誕節成為一種回憶，我們把完成稿約作為度假的一部分??

I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do.It takes a couple of special qualities.One is a tolerance for solitude.Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much.During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway.Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.我想，不是所有熱愛鄉村的人都會樂意過我們這種生活的。這種生活需要一些特殊的素質。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我們如此忙碌，手頭又緊，我們很少請客。在作物生長季節，根本就沒工夫參加社交活動。吉米和埃米莉雖然參加學校的各種活動，但他倆大多數時間也呆在家里。

The other requirement is energy--a lot of it.The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices.Instead, you do the work yourself.The only machinery we own(not counting the lawn mower)is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.另一項要求是體力――相當大的體力。小范圍里實現自給自足 的途徑是抵制誘惑，不去購置拖拉機和其他昂貴的節省勞力的機械。相反，你要自己動手。我們僅有的機器（不包括割草機）是一臺3馬力的小型旋轉式耕耘機以及一架16英寸的鏈鋸。

How much longer we'll have enough energy to stay on here is anybody's guess--perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not.When the time comes, we'll leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what we've been able to accomplish.We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too.We've invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today.But this is not a good time to sell.Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again.沒人知道我們還能有精力在這里再呆多久--也許呆很長一陣子，也許不是。到走的時候，我們會愴然離去，但也會為自己所做的一切深感自豪。我們把農場出售也會賺相當大一筆錢。我們自己在農場投入了約35，000美金的資金，要是現在售出的話價格差不多可以翻一倍。不過現在不是出售的好時機。但是一旦經濟形勢好轉，對我們這種農場的需求又會增多。

We didn't move here primarily to earn money though.We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives.When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I

know we've found just what we were looking for.但我們主要不是為了賺錢而移居至此的。我們來此居住是因為想提高生活質量。當我看著埃米莉傍晚去收雞蛋，跟吉米一起在河上釣魚，或和全家人一起在果園里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我們找到了自己一直在尋求的生活方式。

Donna Barron describes how American family life has changed in recent years.She identifies three forces at work.What are they? Read on to find out.Then ask yourself whether similar forces are at work within China.Will family life here end up going in the same direction?

唐娜·巴倫描述了美國家庭生活近幾年來的變化。她指出有三種力量在起作用。是哪三種力量？請讀本文。讀后問一下自己，同樣的力量在中國是否也在起作用。中國的家庭生活最終是否會朝著同一個方向變化？

The Freedom Givers

Fergus M.Bordewich

A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house.Alongside me was a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in

Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history.As we walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke proudly of her great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson.“He was confident that the Creator intended all men to be created equal.And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.” 給人以自由者 弗格斯·M·博得威奇

我步出這幢兩層小屋，加拿大平原上輕風微拂。我身邊是一位苗條的黑衣女子，把我帶回到過去的向導。那時，安大略省得雷斯頓這一帶住著美國歷史上的一位英雄。我們前往一座普普通通的灰色教堂，芭芭拉·卡特自豪地談論著其高祖喬賽亞·亨森。“他堅信上帝要所有人生來平等。他從來沒有停止過爭取這一自由權利的奮斗。”

Carter's devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor.For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped inspire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.Ironically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not.A racial sellout unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought.“Josiah Henson was a man of principle,” she said firmly.卡特對其先輩的忠誠不僅僅關乎一己之驕傲，而關乎家族榮譽。因為喬賽亞·亨森至今仍為人所知是由于他所激發的創作靈感使

得一個美國小說人物問世：湯姆叔叔，哈麗特·比徹·斯陀的小說《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中那個逆來順受的黑奴。具有諷刺意味的是，這一人物所象征的一切在亨森身上一點都找不到。一個不愿奮起力爭、背叛種族的黑人？卡特對此頗為憤慨。“喬賽亞·亨森是個有原則的人，”她肯定地說。

I had traveled here to Henson's last home--now a historic site that Carter formerly directed--to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses.After winning his own freedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to escape north to Canada--and liberty.Many settled here in Dresden with him.我遠道前來亨森最后的居所――如今已成為卡特曾管理過的一處歷史遺跡――是為了更多地了解此人，他在許多方面堪稱黑人摩西。亨森自己擺脫了黑奴身份獲得自由之后，便秘密幫助其他許多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大――逃奔自由之地。許多人和他一起在得雷斯頓這一帶定居了下來。

Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me.Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South.Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the

Railroad to freedom.但此地只是我所承擔的繁重使命的一處停留地。喬賽亞·亨森只是一長串無所畏懼的男女名單中的一個名字，這些人共同創建了這條“地下鐵路”，一條由逃亡線路和可靠的人家組成的用以解放美國南方黑奴的秘密網絡。在1820年至1860年期間，多達十萬名黑奴經由此路走向自由。

In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U.S.The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati.And it's about time.For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung.I was intent on telling their stories.2000年10月，克林頓總統批準撥款1600萬美元建造全國“地下鐵路”自由中心，以此紀念美國歷史上第一次偉大的民權斗爭。中心計劃于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是該建立這樣一個中心的時候了。因為地下鐵路的英雄們依然默默無聞，他們的業績依然少人頌揚。我要講述他們的故事。

John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock.Peering out his door into the night, he recognized the face of a trusted neighbor.“There's a party of escaped slaves hiding in the woods in Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,” the man whispered urgently.Parker didn't hesitate.“I'll

go,” he said, pushing a pair of pistols into his pockets.聽到輕輕的敲門聲，約翰·帕克神情緊張起來。他開門窺望，夜色中認出是一位可靠的鄰居。“有一群逃亡奴隸躲在肯塔基州的樹林里，就在離河20英里的地方，”那人用急迫的口氣低語道。帕克沒一點兒遲疑。“我就去，”他說著，把兩支手槍揣進口袋。

Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave market.Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding.Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom.Now, by day, Parker worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley.By night he was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters.In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.20年前，即19世紀20年代，生來即為黑奴的帕克才8歲就被從母親身邊帶走，被迫拖著鐐銬從弗吉尼亞走到阿拉巴馬，在那里的黑奴市場被買走。他打定主意有朝一日要過自由的生活，便設法學會了鑄鐵這門手藝。后來他終于靠這門手藝攢夠錢贖回了自由。現在，帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家鑄鐵廠干活。到了晚上，他就成了地下鐵路的一位“乘務員”，幫助人們避開追捕逃亡黑奴的人。在他正前往的肯塔基州，當局懸賞1000美元抓他，活人死尸都要。

Crossing the Ohio River on that chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.“Get your bundles and follow me, ” he told them, leading the eight men and two women toward the river.They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.在那個陰冷的夜晚，帕克渡過俄亥俄河，找到了十個喪魂落魄的逃亡者。“拿好包裹跟我走，”他一邊吩咐他們，一邊帶著這八男二女朝河邊走去。就要到岸時，一個巡夜人發現了他們，急忙跑開去報告。

Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it.There was room for all but two.As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.帕克看見一條小船，便大喝一聲，把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船。大家都上了船，但有兩個人容不下。小船徐徐駛向對岸，帕克眼睜睜地看著追捕者把他被迫留下的兩個男人圍住。

The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station” on the Underground Railroad--the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada.Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety.其他的人都上了岸，帕克急忙安排了一輛車把他們帶到地下鐵路的下一“站”――他們走向安全的加拿大之旅的第一程。約翰·帕克在有生之年一共帶領400多名黑奴走向安全之地。

While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, explained, “The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.”

黑人去當乘務員常常是由于本人痛苦的經歷，而那些白人則往往是受了宗教信仰的感召。在北卡羅來納州長大的貴格會教徒利瓦伊·科芬解釋說：“《圣經》上只是要我們給饑者以食物，無衣者以衣衫，但沒提到過膚色的事。”

In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport(now Fountain City), Indiana, where he opened a store.Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home.At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg of their journey.Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central

Terminal of the Underground Railroad.在19世紀20年代，科芬向西遷移前往印第安納州的新港（即今天的噴泉市），在那里開了一家小店。人們傳說，逃亡黑奴在科芬家總是能得到庇護。有時他一次庇護的逃亡者就多達17人，他還備有一組人員和車輛把他們送往下一段行程。到后來有三條主要路線在科芬家匯合，科芬家成了地下鐵路的中央車站。

For his efforts, Coffin received frequent death threats and warnings that his store and home would be burned.Nearly every conductor faced similar risks--or worse.In the North, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping.In the Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years in jail.One courageous Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where he kept a log of his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip.科芬經常由于他做的工作受到被殺的威脅，收到焚毀他店鋪和住宅的警告。幾乎每一個乘務員都面臨類似的危險――或者更為嚴重。在北方，治安官會對幫助逃亡的人課以罰金，或判以短期監禁。在南方各州，白人則被判處幾個月甚至幾年的監禁。一位勇敢的循道宗牧師卡爾文·費爾班克在肯塔基州被關押了17年多，他記錄了自己遭受毒打的情況：總共被鞭笞了35,105下。

As for the slaves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country, where they were usually easy to recognize.With no road signs and few maps, they had to put their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret signs--nails driven into trees, for example--that conductors used to mark the route north.至于那些黑奴，逃亡意味著數百英里的長途跋涉，意味著穿越自己極易被人辨認的陌生地域。沒有路標，也幾乎沒有線路圖，他們趕路全憑著口口相告的路線以及秘密記號――比如樹上釘著的釘子――是乘務員用來標示北上路線的記號。

Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white powder.Quakers often dressed their “passengers,” both male and female, in gray dresses, deep bonnets and full veils.On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he disguised them as a funeral procession.許多黑奴在夜色掩護下趕路，有時臉上涂著厚厚的白粉。貴格會教徒經常讓他們的“乘客”不分男女穿上灰衣服，戴上深沿帽，披著把頭部完全遮蓋住的面紗。有一次，利瓦伊·科芬運送的逃亡黑奴實在太多，他就把他們裝扮成出殯隊伍。

Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives.Slavery had been abolished there in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged

the runaways to settle their vast virgin land.Among them was Josiah Henson.加拿大是許多逃亡者的首選終點站。那兒1833年就廢除了奴隸制，加拿大當局鼓勵逃亡奴隸在其廣闊的未經開墾的土地上定居。其中就有喬賽亞·亨森。

As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers, and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her.Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner's regard.還是孩子的亨森在馬里蘭州目睹著全家人被賣給不同的主人，看到母親為了想把自己留在她身邊而遭受毒打。亨森非常認命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。

Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children to a brother in Kentucky.After laboring there for several years, Henson heard alarming news: the new master was planning to sell him for plantation work far away in the Deep South.The slave would be separated forever from his family.經濟困頓最終迫使亨森的主人將他及其妻兒送到主人在肯塔基州的一個兄弟處。在那兒干了幾年苦工之后，亨森聽說了一個可怕的消息：新主人準備把他賣到遙遠的南方腹地去農莊干活。這名奴隸

將與自己的家人永遠分離。

There was only one answer: flight.“I knew the North Star,” Henson wrote years later.“Like the star of Bethlehem, it announced where my salvation lay.”

只有一條路可走：逃亡。“我會認北斗星，”許多年后亨森寫道。“就像圣地伯利恒的救星一樣，它告訴我在哪里可以獲救。”

At huge risk, Henson and his wife set off with their four children.Two weeks later, starving and exhausted, the family reached Cincinnati, where they made contact with members of the Underground Railroad.“Carefully they provided for our welfare, and then they set us thirty miles on our way by wagon.”

亨森和妻子冒著極大的風險帶著四個孩子上路了。兩個星期之后，饑餓疲憊的一家人來到了辛辛那提州，在那兒，他們與地下鐵路的成員取得了聯系。“他們為我們提供了食宿，非常關心，接著又用車送了我們30英里。”

The Hensons continued north, arriving at last in Buffalo, N.Y.There a friendly captain pointed across the Niagara River.“'Do you see those trees?' he said.'They grow on free soil.'” He gave Henson a dollar and arranged for a boat, which carried the slave and his family across the

river to Canada.亨森一家繼續往北走，最后來到紐約州的布法羅。在那兒，一位友善的船長指著尼亞加拉河對岸。“‘看見那些樹沒有？’他說，‘它們生長在自由的土地上。’”他給了亨森一美元錢，安排了一條小船，小船載著這位黑奴及其家人過河來到加拿大。

“I threw myself on the ground, rolled in the sand and danced around, till, in the eyes of several who were present, I passed for a madman.'He's some crazy fellow,' said a Colonel Warren.”

“我撲倒在地，在沙土里打滾，手舞足蹈，最后，在場的那幾個人都認定我是瘋子。‘他是個瘋子，’有個沃倫上校說。”

“'Oh, no!Don't you know? I'm free!'”

“‘不，不是的！知道嗎？我自由了！’”

Jesse Jackson, a well-known leader of black Americans, reviews the progress they have made in recent years.Despite this, he argues, there is still much left to be done before they enjoy full equality.著名美國黑人領袖杰西·杰克遜回顧了近幾年來民權運動所取得的成就。成績固然不少，但他指出，要享受完全的平等權利，仍有許多工作要做。

unit 3 The Land of the Lock

Years ago in America, it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night.In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their possessions.許多年前，在美國，家家戶戶白天黑夜不鎖門是司空見慣的。在本文中，格林嘆惜人們不再相互信任，不得不憑借精密的安全設備來保護自己和財產。

The Land of the Lock Bob Greene

In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night.I don't know if that was a local term or if it is universal;“on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked.None of us carried keys;the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it.鎖之國 鮑伯·格林

小時候在家里，我們的前門總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當地的一種說法還是大家都這么說；“不落鎖”的意思是掩上門，但不鎖住。我們誰都不帶鑰匙；晚上最后一個回家的人把門關上，這就行了。

Those days are over.In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.那樣的日子已經一去不復返了。在鄉下，在城里，門不再關著不鎖上，哪怕是傍晚一段時間也不例外。

Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets.Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities.At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over.在許多方面，郊區和農村甚至比巡查嚴密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統計顯示，那些據稱是安寧的地區的犯罪率上升得比城鎮更為顯著。不管怎么說，前門虛掩不落鎖的時代是一去不復返了。

It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm.Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their

patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護鏈、電子報警系統，以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報警裝置。郊區的許多人家在露臺上安裝了玻璃滑門，內側有裝得很講究的鋼條，這樣就沒人能把門撬開。

It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.在最溫馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上貼著小小的告示，稱本宅由某家安全機構或某個保安公司負責監管。

The lock is the new symbol of America.Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.鎖成了美國的新的象征。的確，一家大保險公司最近的一則公益廣告沒有用圖表表明我們所處的危險有多大，而是用了一幅童車的圖片，車身上懸著如今無所不在的掛鎖。

The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the

psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?

廣告指出，沒錯，確是保險公司理賠失竊物品，但誰來賠償互不信任、擔心害怕這種新氛圍對我們的生活方式所造成的影響呢？誰來對美國從自由之國到鎖之國這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢？

For that is what has happened.We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean.因為那就是現狀。我們已經變得如此習慣于保護自己不受美國生活新氛圍的影響，如此習慣于設置障礙，因而無暇考慮這一切意味著什么。

For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected;it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives?

出于某種原因，當我們覺得防范周密時就感到心滿意足；我們沒有問過自己：為什么會出現這種情況？為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民相隔絕，這一切究竟是從什么時候開始主宰我們生活 的？

And it has taken over.If you work for a medium-to large-size company, chances are that you don't just wander in and out of work.You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work.Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys.”

這一切確是主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好隨意進出。你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡，電子的或別的什么的，因為這卡能讓你進出工作場所。也許前臺的保安認識你這張臉，平日一揮手讓你進去，但事實明擺著，你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅，因此要借助這些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。

It wasn't always like this.Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access.It simply didn't occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.這一現象并非向來有之。即使在十年前，大多數私營公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時管理人員根本沒想到過恰當的手段是不信任他人。

Look at the airports.Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land and take off.That's all gone.Airports are no longer a place of education and fun;they are the most sophisticated of security sites.且看各地機場。過去家長常常帶孩子去登機口看飛機起飛降落。這種事再也沒有了。機場不再是一個有趣的學習場所；它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統的場所。

With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay;it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance;the machines, and what they stand for, have won.憑借著電子透視裝置，我們似乎終于想出妙計讓恐怖分子無法近身，無論是真的恐怖分子還是憑空臆想的。能解決這一問題真是如釋重負，于是我們不去多想這種狀況對我們的生活質量意味著什么。如今我們走過這些電子搜查器時已經看都不看一眼了，這些裝置，還有它們所代表的一切已經獲勝。

Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light;we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow.我們的居住區處在強光源的照射下；我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。

Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller's voice.The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies.越來越多的商人正購置連接在電話機上、能剖析來電者聲音的新機器。據說那種機器能讓商人知道他的朋友或客戶是否在撒謊，其出錯概率很小。

All this is being done in the name of “security”;that is what we tell ourselves.We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.所有這一切都是以“安全”的名義實施的：我們是這么跟自己說的。我們害怕，于是我們設法把害怕鎖在外面，我們認定，那就是安全的意義。

But no;with all this “security,” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man.What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time?

其實不然；我們雖然有了這一切安全措施，但我們或許是人類文明史上最不安全的國民。還有什么更好的字眼能用來描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢？還有什么更為可悲地表明我們在這個令人困惑的新時代所感受到的惶恐之情呢？

We trust no one.Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains.We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves.We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.我們不信任任何人。郊區的家庭主婦在客貨兩用車鑰匙鏈上掛著防強暴口哨。我們在自我防衛方面變得如此聰明，最終聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門外，但在這么做的同時我們把自己鎖在里邊了。

That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves.All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.那也許是我們將來回顧這一時代時記得最牢的精神遺產：在對付我們中間無形的恐懼之時，我們成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個問題重重的時代，所有的人都是囚徒。

Many people in America own handguns.Some, like Gail Buchalter, buy a gun for self-defense.Others, like her friends, refuse to do so because they think that guns cause more problems than they solve.Gail used to share her friends' views, but eventually changed her mind.Read what she has to say and decide whether she made the right choice.在美國，許多人擁有手槍。有人為了自衛買槍，如蓋爾·巴卡爾特。另外一些人則拒絕這么做，比如她的許多朋友，因為他們認為，槍支引發的問題比解決的更多。以前蓋爾與她的朋友們持有相同的觀點，但后來她改變了看法。讀一讀她所說的一切，并判定她的選擇是否明智。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.寫三封感謝信 亞利克斯·黑利

那是在二戰期間的1943年，我是個年輕的美國海岸警衛隊隊員。我們的船，美國軍艦軍市一號已出海多日。多數船艙裝著成千上萬箱罐裝或風干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在墊過的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個規模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是軍市一號上的一個廚師，跟岸上的人一樣，那個感恩節的上午，我們忙著在準備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.當廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過，等到太陽快下山時，我們總算全都收拾停當了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of

open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我開始思索起感恩節這個節日來，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的事什么――某種我能夠賦予這一節日以個人意義的方式。大概過了半個小時左右我才意識到，問題的關鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個字前后顛倒一下――那樣一來至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表達謝意――就如在祈禱時感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對啊，是這樣，當然是這樣。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

過了片刻，如同晨曦初現，一個更清晰的念頭終于涌現腦際――要感謝他人，那些賜我以諸多恩惠，我根本無以回報的人們。令我深感不安的實際情形是，我向來對他們所做的一切受之泰然，認為是理所應當。我一次也沒想過要對他們中的任何一位真心誠意地說一句簡單的謝謝。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I

pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七個人對我有過不同尋常、影響深遠的幫助。令人難過的是，我意識到，他們中有一半已經過世了――因此他們永遠也無法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著他們各自對我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達我對他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的農業機械師范學院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭·帕爾默；以及我的文法學校校長，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾·納爾遜牧師。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done

for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是這樣開頭的：“出海在外度過的這個感恩節，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我從來沒有對您說過自己是多么想感謝您――”我簡短回憶了各位為我所做的具體事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時代起，他就讓我深深意識到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學的單詞。我對書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導我自己撰文著書。多少次，當我看到如今的孩子們如此沉迷于電子媒體時，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發現的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學生做禱告，以此開始鄉村小學的一天。我告訴他，我后來所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學校晨禱的影響。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來讓我吃到她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來沒吃過那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因為她在我的生命中撒下美妙的遐想。

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡覺前，我的這三封信都送進了船上的郵袋。我們抵達圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個人的經歷漸漸淡忘。我們在海上航行時，有時會與郵船會合，郵船會帶給我們家信，當然這是我們視為最緊要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每當船上的喇叭響起：“大伙聽好！郵件點名！”200名左右的水兵就會沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把信，大聲念收信水手的名字，叫到的人從人群當中擠出，一邊應道：“來了，來了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“郵件點名”帶給我外祖母，爸爸，以及納爾遜牧師的回信――我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他們沒有說他們原諒我以前不曾感謝他們，相反，他們向我致謝，天哪，就因為我記得，就因為我認為他們做了不同尋常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身為大學教授的爸爸向來特別留意不使用任何過于感情化的文字，因此，當他對我寫道，在教了許許多多的年輕人之后，他認為自己最優秀的學生當中也包括自己的兒子時，我知道他是多么地感動。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.納爾遜牧師寫道，他那平凡的傳統校長的歲月隨著學校里發生的如此迅猛的變化而結束，他懷著自我懷疑的心態退了休。“說我做得不對的遠遠多于說我做得對的，” 他寫道，接著說我的信給他帶來了振奮人心的信心：自己的校長生涯還是有其價值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的筆跡，我頓時回想起往日站在她的白色搖椅旁看她給親戚寫信的情景。外祖母一個字母一個字母地慢慢拼出一個詞，接著是下一個詞，因此寫滿一頁要花上幾個小時。捧著外祖母最近花費不少工夫對我表達了充滿慈愛的謝意，我禁不住流淚――從前是她給我換尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.許多年后，我從海岸警衛隊退役，試著靠寫作為生，我一直不曾忘記那三封“感謝”信是如何使我認識到，大凡人都暗自期望著有更多的人對自己的努力表達謝意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.現在，感恩節又將來臨，我自問，對此文的讀者，對我們的祖國，事實上對全世界，我有什么祝愿，因為，用一位善良而且又有智慧的朋友的話來說，“我們究其實都是十分相像的凡人，有著相似的需求。”當然，我首先祝愿大家記住這一簡單的常識：實現世界和平，這對我們自身的存亡至關重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had

this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我還有別的祝愿――這一祝愿是如此強烈，我將這句話印在我所有的信箋底部：“發現并褒揚各種美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春節那樣，散居各處的美國人到感恩節就回家團聚。埃倫·古德曼在等待著子女回家的同時，思索著當子女長大離家，常常在遠方定居之后，父母與子女關系的不斷變化。

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

約翰西病情嚴重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫生對她不抱

什么希望。朋友們看來也愛莫能助。難道真的就無可奈何了嗎？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片葉子 歐·亨利

在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個畫室。“約翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱。她們一位來自緬因州，一位來自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個咖啡館，發現各自在藝術品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個兩人畫室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個醫生稱之為肺炎的陰森的

隱形客闖入了這一地區，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動不動，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調沉悶的側墻。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫生揚了揚灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來到過道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他說。“那還得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去畫那不勒斯灣，”蘇說。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“畫畫？――得了。她有沒有別的事值得她留戀的――比如

說，一個男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”蘇說。“難道一個男人就值得――可是，她沒有啊，大夫，沒有這碼子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫說。“我會盡一切努力，只要是科學能做到的。可是，但凡病人開始計算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車的時候，我就要把醫藥的療效減去一半。”大夫走后，蘇去工作室哭了一場。隨后她攜著畫板大步走進約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動不動，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數

著數――倒數著數！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她數道，過了一會兒“11”，接著數“10”和“9”；再數“8”和“7”，幾乎一口同時數下來。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數的呢？外面只看到一個空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開外那磚房的側墻，上面什么也沒有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，約翰西數著，聲音幾乎聽不出來。“現在葉子掉落得快

多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數得我頭都疼。可現在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，親愛的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會這樣。大夫沒跟你說嗎？”

”Oh, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我從沒聽說過這種胡說八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關系？別這么傻。對了，大夫上午跟我說，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些湯，讓蘇迪給她生病的孩子去買些波爾圖葡萄酒來。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去買酒了，”約翰西說道，兩眼一直盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開一切, 飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”蘇說。“我得叫貝爾曼上樓來給我當老礦工模特兒。我去去就來。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded

himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個畫家。他已年過六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術家，但在藝術上卻沒有什么成就。40年來他一直想創作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒能動手。他給那些請不起職業模特的青年畫家當模特掙點小錢。他沒節制地喝酒，談論著他那即將問世的不朽之作。要說其他方面，他是個好斗的小老頭，要是誰表現出一點軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫室里兩位年輕藝術家的看護人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫架上支著一張從未落過筆的畫布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說了，并說約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話，真的會凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說他蔑視這種傻念頭。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes."

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有這么愚蠢的人，因為樹葉從藤上掉落就要去死？我聽都沒聽說過這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個怪腦袋里？天哪！這不是一個像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫一幅巨作，那時候我們就離開這里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人