第一篇：電子商務(wù)畢業(yè)論文摘要目錄

摘要

當(dāng)前，世界經(jīng)濟(jì)正在開始新一輪的增長，經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化趨勢(shì)不斷增強(qiáng)，以信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)為先導(dǎo)的新經(jīng)濟(jì)方興未艾，雖然對(duì)新經(jīng)濟(jì)的提法還沒有統(tǒng)一的意見，如有電子經(jīng)濟(jì)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)、信息經(jīng)濟(jì)、知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)等說，但是各界已經(jīng)一致認(rèn)為近期的重點(diǎn)是建立在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)上的電子商務(wù)新經(jīng)濟(jì)。電子商務(wù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的商務(wù)活動(dòng)帶來了巨大的沖擊，它突出的標(biāo)志就是增加貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)，降低貿(mào)易成本，簡化貿(mào)易流程，提高貿(mào)易效率。電子商務(wù)極大地改變了商務(wù)模式。帶動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變革。在發(fā)達(dá)國家，電子商務(wù)發(fā)展空前繁榮，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交易已成潮流。

近年來，隨著Internet的蓬勃發(fā)展，電子商務(wù)在迅速崛起。電子商務(wù)對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的商務(wù)活動(dòng)帶來了巨大的沖擊，它突出的標(biāo)志就是利用Internet增加貿(mào)易機(jī)會(huì)，降低貿(mào)易成本，簡化貿(mào)易流程，減少交易時(shí)間，提高貿(mào)易效率。電子商務(wù)極大地改變了商務(wù)模式。帶動(dòng)了經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變革。在發(fā)達(dá)國家，電子商務(wù)發(fā)展空前繁榮，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行交易已成潮流。特別在美國和西歐的一些國家一直受到極大的重視。美國商務(wù)部認(rèn)為，電子商務(wù)將是21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的唯一推動(dòng)力。而在中國電子商務(wù)越來越多的人們開始注意那么中國的電子商務(wù)的未來將何去何從。

關(guān)鍵字：世界經(jīng)濟(jì)電子商務(wù)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)

I

目錄

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………1

第1章中國電子商務(wù)發(fā)展的歷程以及與世界各國差距…………………………………1

1．1我國電子商務(wù)發(fā)展歷程………………………………………………………………………1

1．2我國電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展與世界各國的差距……………………………………………………1

第2章我國未來發(fā)展電子商務(wù)的難度………………………………………………………3

2．1我國的電子商務(wù)發(fā)展主要難度是誠信問題…………………………………………………3

2．2信息不對(duì)稱對(duì)電子商務(wù)的影響………………………………………………………………3

第3章如何解決在我國電子商務(wù)未來發(fā)展中的問題……………………………………4

3．1如何解決我國的電子商務(wù)發(fā)展主要難度是誠信問題………………………………………4

3．2.如何解決信息不對(duì)稱對(duì)電子商務(wù)的影響……………………………………………………6

3.2.1 要建立強(qiáng)大的信息管理系統(tǒng)……………………………………………………………………6

3.2.2 加強(qiáng)信息交流…………………………………………………………………………………7

3.2.3 政府制約………………………………………………………………………………………7

第4章我國電子商務(wù)未來的發(fā)展目標(biāo)………………………………………………………8

4．1 加強(qiáng)對(duì)電子商務(wù)發(fā)展的宏觀規(guī)劃和指導(dǎo)……………………………………………………8

4．2 加強(qiáng)安全技術(shù)的研究和電子商務(wù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制訂………………………………………………8

4．3 進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)………………………………………………………………9

第5章電子商務(wù)環(huán)境完善……………………………………………………………………10

5.1電子虛擬市場發(fā)展…………………………………………………………………………10

5.2電子商務(wù)應(yīng)用與發(fā)展………………………………………………………………………11

5.3電子商務(wù)環(huán)境發(fā)展…………………………………………………………………………11 結(jié)束語……………………………………………………………………………………………13 致謝………………………………………………………………………………………………14 參考文獻(xiàn)………………………………………………………………………………………15

II

第二篇：畢業(yè)論文目錄和摘要

河北大學(xué)2012屆本科生畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))

Positive and Negative Transfer of Chinese as A Mother Tongue in

English Vocabulary Learning

ABSTRACT

To learners whose mother tongue is Chinese, they are often affected by their mother tongue while learning English.This kind of influence includes the positive transfer and negative transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue.The transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue can be reflected in many aspects in the learning of English.This paper mainly focuses on the transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue in the English vocabulary learning.In the first chapter, definitions and terms of positive transfer and negative transfer are illustrated.In the second chapter, it analyses the positive transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue in English vocabulary learning.It mainly focuses on spelling, word formation and cultural aspects.In the third chapter, it mainly talks about the negative transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue in English vocabulary learning with examples and explanations.In this chapter, this paper illustrates the spelling, lexical meanings, part of speech, tenses and cultural aspects to make this chapter clear and easily understood.At the end of this paper, it concludes that it is better for learners to make good use of the positive transfer of their mother tongue and avoid the negative transfer in the English vocabulary learning.Key words: positive transfernegative transferEnglish vocabularylearning

摘要

對(duì)于母語是漢語的英語初學(xué)者來說，母語對(duì)他們?cè)谟⒄Z的學(xué)習(xí)中有很大的影響。這種影響大體可以分為兩種，一種是漢語作為母語對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)的正面影響，一種是負(fù)面影響，也即漢語對(duì)英語學(xué)習(xí)的正遷移和負(fù)遷移。母語對(duì)第二種語言學(xué)習(xí)過程中的遷移表現(xiàn)在很多方面。本文章主要探討漢語作為母語遷移對(duì)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的正負(fù)遷移。本文第一章討論了正負(fù)遷移的概念。第二章探討了漢語作為母語對(duì)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的正遷移現(xiàn)象，從讀音、構(gòu)詞法和文化幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了論述。第三章探討了漢語作為母語對(duì)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的負(fù)遷移現(xiàn)象。主要從讀音、詞匯意義、詞性、時(shí)態(tài)和文化等方面進(jìn)行闡述。文章最后進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，建議初學(xué)者在學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯的時(shí)候要盡量多利用母語漢語對(duì)英語的正遷移來學(xué)習(xí)，盡量避免其對(duì)英語詞匯學(xué)習(xí)的負(fù)面影響。

關(guān)鍵字：正遷移 負(fù)遷移 英語詞匯 學(xué)習(xí)

Contents

Introduction………………………………………………………………….1

Definitions …………………………………………………………………...1

1.1 Positive transfer……………………………………………......1

1.2 Negative transfer………………………………………………………….2 Ⅱ Positive transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue in English vocabulary

learning …………………………..………………………………………..2

2.1 In spelling………………………………………...........2

2.2 In word formation ………………………………………………………..3

2.21 In terms of affix …………………………………………………………3

2.22 In terms of compounds………………………………………………….4

2.3 In cultural aspects………………………………………………………...4 Ⅲ Negative transfer of Chinese as a mother tongue in English vocabulary

learning ……………………………………………………………………5

3.1 In spelling………………………………………………………………...5

3.2 In lexical meanings……………………………………………………….5

3.21 In connotative meanings ………………………………………………..5

3.22 In collocative meanings…………………………………………………6

3.3 In parts of speech ………………………………………………………...6

3.4 In tenses ………………………………………………………………….7

3.5 In cultural aspects ………………………………………………………..7 Conclusion…………………………………………………...……………….8

Bibliography……………………………………………………………...…..9

Acknowledgements…….…………………………………………………...10

第三篇：畢業(yè)論文摘要、目錄

瓷器首飾的設(shè)計(jì)研究

摘要：本文力圖通過對(duì)目前世界首飾設(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的分析，希望研究出能夠代表中國特色文化的瓷器首飾。

經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，科技的進(jìn)步，生活水平的提高，人們對(duì)首飾的要求也跟著提高，等等一系列原因?qū)е轮閷毷罪梻鹘y(tǒng)意義上的“ 保值 ”功能退居次要位置，代之而來的是審美、時(shí)尚、享受和健康。

盡管如此，全球化，統(tǒng)一化使得各國的生活方式和民族文化相互融合并逐漸趨于一致，最終導(dǎo)致了民族界限越來越小，民族特色首飾越來越少。面對(duì)這種情況，作為設(shè)計(jì)人員的我們唯一能做的就是宣傳愛國意識(shí)，傳播愛國情懷。而瓷器首飾本身就有很強(qiáng)烈的民族特征，在加上青花的效果和 “龍”圖紋的襯托，使得瓷器首飾的民族特征更加強(qiáng)烈，更加有利于宣傳愛國情懷的宣傳和表達(dá)。

雖然目前整個(gè)首飾行業(yè)發(fā)展已經(jīng)邁入穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。但我相信瓷器首飾的出現(xiàn)將給首飾界帶來另一個(gè)無限的發(fā)展空間。

瓷器首飾它是當(dāng)下最流行的“綠色產(chǎn)品”。它危害低,環(huán)保、節(jié)能、健康。它是你我最佳的選擇。

關(guān)鍵詞：瓷器首飾；時(shí)尚；中國文化；愛國情懷

中圖分類號(hào)：TB472

The Research on the Design of Porcelain Jewelry

Abstract: This paper tries to discuss eyewear design from the perspective of fun spirit by analyzing the present world development trend of eyewear design.We are familiar with eyewear as a product.Now，It is not only the use of correcting short-sightedness and astigmatism, but increasingly becoming a fashion carrier embodied the fun spirit as.For the consumers, the purchase of motivation is on fashion, on personality, on decoration.China's optical industry developed fast in recent years but the whole development of the industry has not been standardized, mature.China is the world's major production base of eyewear, the world's first production, but also can not be the forefront of the field.The lack of design capabilities, blindly follow the example is an important reason.China has a long history, which are rich in spiritual wealth is unique to us.In particular, the Chinese elements is more and more popular today, the using of the Chinese elements in eyewear design creativity is a practical sense.The interpretation of Chinese elements, of course, can not remain in superficial level.This paper wants to interpret the Chinese elements with fun spirit in eyewear design, make It has new content, in line with modern consumer and aesthetic needs.Keywords: Porcelain Jewelry ；Eyewear design ；Chinese elements

Classification: TB472

目次

摘要·······································································································································Ⅰ 目次·······································································································································Ⅲ 1緒論······································································································································1

1.1研究背景··························································································································1

1.2研究目的與意義··············································································································2 2瓷器概述······························································································································4

2.1瓷器的定義······················································································································4

2.2瓷器的發(fā)展及其現(xiàn)狀······································································································5

2.3瓷器產(chǎn)品的分析··············································································································6 3首飾設(shè)計(jì)概述······················································································································8

3.1首飾的定義及其分類······································································································8

3.1.1首飾的定義··················································································································8

3.1.1首飾的分類··················································································································8

3.2首飾設(shè)計(jì)的基本方法······································································································9

3.2.1點(diǎn)線面在首飾中的體現(xiàn)······························································································9

3.2.2色彩在首飾設(shè)計(jì)中的運(yùn)用························································································10

3.2.3現(xiàn)代首飾的主要特征和形式美的法則···································································· 11

3.3首飾設(shè)計(jì)元素的選擇····································································································12

3.4首飾設(shè)計(jì)造型的演化····································································································13

3.5首飾設(shè)計(jì)圖案的選擇·································································································14

3.6套件首飾設(shè)計(jì)············································································································15

3.7現(xiàn)有首飾分析············································································································15 4瓷器首飾的設(shè)計(jì)················································································································16

4.1瓷器飾品的現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展前景····················································································16

4.2瓷器首飾的特點(diǎn)············································································································18

4.2.1瓷器首飾具有強(qiáng)烈的民族性····················································································18

4.2.2瓷器首飾是新型的“綠色首飾” ············································································183

4.2.3瓷器首飾具有的材質(zhì)優(yōu)勢(shì)························································································19

4.2.4瓷器首飾具有無可替代的色彩優(yōu)勢(shì)········································································19

4.2.5瓷器首飾具有形式多樣性························································································20

4.2.6瓷器首飾具有獨(dú)特裝飾效果····················································································20

4.3瓷器首飾的加工工藝····································································································21 5瓷器首飾的設(shè)計(jì)理念及其運(yùn)用························································································22

5.1碗造型及印章的寓意····································································································22

5.2青花圖案與現(xiàn)代亮麗的黃顏色分析對(duì)比····································································23

5.3龍文化的寓意················································································································24 6設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐部分····················································································································26

6.1產(chǎn)品構(gòu)想························································································································26

6.1.1背景調(diào)查····················································································································26

6.1.2目標(biāo)人群分析············································································································26

6.1.3材料選定····················································································································27

6.1.4產(chǎn)品定位····················································································································27

6.2設(shè)計(jì)初稿························································································································28

6.3產(chǎn)品分析························································································································28

6.4佩戴展示························································································································29

6.5設(shè)計(jì)效果圖····················································································································30

6.6設(shè)計(jì)版面························································································································31 7結(jié)論····································································································································32 參考文獻(xiàn)·······························································································································33 學(xué)位論文數(shù)據(jù)集···················································································································344

第四篇：畢業(yè)論文摘要及目錄

鄭州航空工業(yè)管理學(xué)院

畢 業(yè) 論 文（設(shè) 計(jì)）

屆專業(yè)班級(jí)

題目：許平南高速運(yùn)管中心宿舍樓工程施工招標(biāo)文件姓名：張樹軍學(xué)號(hào)：指導(dǎo)教師：職稱：

二ОО 八 年六 月二 日

內(nèi) 容 提 要

本項(xiàng)目是為建設(shè)單位找到一個(gè)比較好的施工單位來完成本項(xiàng)目的土建工程。本項(xiàng)目許平南高速營運(yùn)管理中心宿舍樓工程。位于葉縣洪莊楊鄉(xiāng)張集行政村北500米營運(yùn)管理中心院內(nèi)。本工程工期緊,要在11月份投入使用。施工現(xiàn)場狹小，現(xiàn)場少積水。施工要防噪音。此招標(biāo)文件采用的是工程量招標(biāo)方式，這種方式是國際上通用的招標(biāo)方式，甲方提供了工程量的數(shù)值，投標(biāo)單位就針對(duì)招標(biāo)人提出的量進(jìn)行報(bào)價(jià)。所以甲方承擔(dān)了工程量的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以在給定量時(shí)應(yīng)盡量準(zhǔn)確。本招標(biāo)文件包括了工程概況、招標(biāo)文件、投標(biāo)文件的編制和遞交、評(píng)標(biāo)、合同授予以及合同格式、主要條款和各種附表，為投標(biāo)單位提供了很詳盡的參考資料。

關(guān)鍵詞

清單招標(biāo);清單;招標(biāo)文件;合同

Title: Xu Ping South high-speed operation management center dormitory construction tender documents

Name:Science: instructor: :Office holder:

Abstract

This project is found a quite good construction for the construction unit to come the cost project the civil engineering.This project permits the Ping Nan high speed transport business administrative center dormitory project.Is located north the Ye County Hong Yang township Zhang ji administrative village in 500 meter transport business administrative center courtyard.This project time limit for a project is tight, must in November operational.The job location is narrow and small, scene few poundings.The construction must guard against the noise.This tender document uses is the resilience tender way, this way was on the international general tender way, the party of the first part provides the resilience value, the bid unit has aimed at the quantity which the tender person proposed to carry on the quoted price.Therefore the party of the first part has undertaken the resilience risk, therefore in gives time the quota should be as far as possible accurate.This tender document has included the project survey, the tender document, the bid document establishment and the submit, the evaluation of tenders, the contract awards as well as the contract form, the main provision and each kind of attached list, has provided the very exhaustive reference for the bid unit.Key words

Detailed list bidding;Bill of quantity;Tender document;Contract

目錄

第一章 投標(biāo)人須知及前附表..............1

前附表.............2

一 總則............3

二 工程概況...............4

三 招標(biāo)文件...............4

四 投標(biāo)文件的編制.........5

五 投標(biāo)文件的遞交.........8

六 評(píng)標(biāo)機(jī)構(gòu)...............9

七 開標(biāo)............9

八 評(píng)標(biāo)、定標(biāo).............10

九 授予合同...............14

第二章 合同格式及合同主要條款........16

專 用 條 款...............17

一 合同條款及付款方式............17

二 質(zhì)量............17

三 工期............17

四 材料設(shè)備的采購.........17

五 竣工驗(yàn)收..............18

六 竣工結(jié)算...............18

七 爭議............18

八 其他............18

第三章技術(shù)要求與規(guī)范.........20

一施工及驗(yàn)收規(guī)范........21

二主要質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn).........21

第四章投標(biāo)文件格式及表格............22

一投標(biāo)函................23

二投標(biāo)函附表............24

三法定代表人資格證明...........25

四授權(quán)委托書............26

五項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理簡歷表........27

六企業(yè)近3年來所承建工程情況一覽表.....28

七投標(biāo)擔(dān)保書............29

八銀行履約保函..........30

九房屋建筑工程質(zhì)量保修書.......31

十工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)表.............33

附 工程量清單報(bào)價(jià)表.............34

投標(biāo)總價(jià)表............35

工程項(xiàng)目總價(jià)表........36

單項(xiàng)工程費(fèi)匯總表.............37

單位工程費(fèi)匯總表.............38

分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單計(jì)價(jià)表.....39

措施項(xiàng)目清單計(jì)價(jià)表...........40

其他項(xiàng)目清單計(jì)價(jià)表...........41零星工作項(xiàng)目計(jì)價(jià)表...........42

分部分項(xiàng)工程量清單綜合單價(jià)分析表...........43

措施項(xiàng)目費(fèi)分析表.............44

主要材料、設(shè)備價(jià)格表.........45

第五章施工圖紙（另附）..............46

第六章工程量清單.............47

致謝...........59

參考文獻(xiàn)...........60 附錄外文翻譯

工程量計(jì)算書（另附）

第五篇：畢業(yè)論文摘要目錄格式

南華大學(xué)計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）

目錄

摘要...............ii Abstract..........iii

引言(可有可無).............1

第一章 緒論................2

1.1 課題的研究背景和意義...........2

1.1.1 智能儀表人機(jī)界面設(shè)計(jì)問題..........2

1.1.2 軟件自動(dòng)生成技術(shù)...........2

1.1.3 課題的研究意義.............4

1.2 智能儀表人機(jī)界面開發(fā)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀........5

1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展............6

第二章 智能儀表的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程概念......7

2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程概念.............7

2.2 軟件自動(dòng)化技術(shù)..........9

2.3 基于計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程的智能儀表總體框架........10

2.3.1 智能儀表的概念............10

2.3.2 系統(tǒng)工程方法..............12

2.3.3 適合計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程的智能儀表總體框架...........13

2.4 智能儀表人機(jī)界面的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程技術(shù)的提出.........14

第三章 基于計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程的智能儀表人機(jī)界面系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)........15

參考文獻(xiàn)...........18

謝辭...............19

附錄...............20

i

論文中文題目（黑體三號(hào)）

摘要：{宋體加粗，小四號(hào)}××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××{楷體小四號(hào)}

關(guān)鍵詞：{宋體加粗，小四號(hào)}※※※；※※※；※※※{楷體小四號(hào)}

論文英文題目（黑體三號(hào)）

Abstract: { Times New Roman加粗，小四號(hào)}）eXe is a tool of network courseware creation for e-learning with very strong function, with its abundant instruction devices, we can easily develop some multimedia network coursewares suitable for all kinds of subjects, which have a very good generality in accordance with SCORM.（Times New Roman 小四號(hào)）

Key words: { Times New Roman加粗，小四號(hào)}×××;×××;×××（Times New Roman 小四號(hào)）