第一篇：英美概況---新西蘭歷史

地球上最年輕的國家

公元前十世紀，波利尼西亞人最先來到新西蘭，一直到公元12世紀，全國分布了許多定居點。

1642年，荷蘭航海家阿貝爾塔斯曼觀察到新西蘭島嶼，并以一個荷蘭的地名命名這塊土地。他繪制了部分西海岸地圖，但沒有登陸。

1769年，英國海軍船長詹姆斯庫克及其船員成為首先踏足新西蘭土地的歐洲人。隨后，捕撈海豹和鯨魚的人們來到這里。傳教士也很快跟隨而至。定居點開始逐漸建立起來。

到1840年，毛利人開始到達十萬人。大約二千名歐洲定居者分布在沿海地區(毛利人稱其為“Pakeha”意思是白人)。

新西蘭那時沒有全國政府或全國領導人。毛利人和白人團體要求英國提供某些保護以及法律和秩序。

新西蘭于1840年成為英國王室管轄的一個殖民地。新西蘭毛利部落首領于1840年2月6日簽署了《懷唐衣條約》《The Treaty of Waitangi》。該條約是毛利人和英國王室之間的協議，被視為新西蘭的建國文件。

該條約給予定居者在新西蘭的居住權。該條約亦承諾毛利人將繼續擁有他們的土地、森林和漁業資源，按照他們的意愿可以長久保持。條約談到毛利人將對土地及其生活方式自己做出決定，并且承諾組織政府以維護全體人民和和平和秩序。該條約亦承諾他們享有與英國國民同等的權利。條約簽署后，更多的人開始來到新西蘭并在這里定居。大多數人去南島定居，因為那里的土地適合耕作，并且在奧塔哥和西海岸地區發現了金礦。然而，自本世紀之交，來北島定居的人多于南島。到十九世紀八十年代，全國人口增加到五十萬，并開始建設鐵路和公路。定居者建立的農場已經成為新西蘭經濟的支柱。1893年，新西蘭成為第一個賦予婦女選舉權的國家。

1935年，新西蘭選出工黨政府，該政府進行了一系列的社會改革，其中包括每周40小時工作制以及國家撥款的衛生和福利制度。第二次世界大戰后，新西蘭的農產品需求開始增加，1950年代，全國就業迅速增長，工業空前繁榮。

1970年代到1980年代，由于對進口(特別是石油)和持續對肉類、乳制品和羊毛出口的長期依賴，新西蘭經濟開始下滑，特別是1970年代英國加入歐共體后，新西蘭開始失去其傳統的出口市場。

1980年代，工黨政府開始進行新的貨幣政策，工業解除限制，取消津貼以及將許多政府部門私有化等大范圍的改革。從此，經濟開始逐漸好轉，失業人數開始下降。

步入21世紀，全球經濟增長放緩，特別是美國經濟出現大滑坡。而新西蘭采取了良好的貨幣政策，出口和國內生產總值持續上升，勞動就業市場出現較大需求。

目前新西蘭經濟正處于平穩發展當中。

第二篇：英美概況 美國歷史練習題

英美概況 美國歷史練習題

I.Multiple Choices

1.The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A.1620 B.1607 C.1776

2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A.Maryland B.South Carolina C.Delaware D.Colorado

3._____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A.John CabotB.MagellanC.BalboaD.Cartier

4.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A.simpleB.easyC.roughD.hard

5.The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A.1765, 1766 B.1764, 1765 C.1763, 1764

6.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A.Philadelphia B.Boston C.New York

7.The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A.1776, 1784 B.1775, 1783 C.1706, 1714

8.Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A.Gettysburg B.Pittsburgh C.Trenton

9.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A.New York B.Saratoga C.Bunker Hill

10.On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A.Yorktown B.Boston C.Charleston

11.The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to_____.A.The Articles of the Confederation B.Bill of Rights

C.Civil Rights

12.The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A.the Bill of Rights B.the Articles C.Civil Rights

13.After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A.Washington B.New York C.Philadelphia

14.The“Common Sense” was written by _____.A.Thomas Edison B.Thomas Paine C.Thomas Jefferson

15.The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handedwhich was called _____.A.the “Intolerable Acts” B.Un-American Activities

C.the Sedition Act 16.The greatestmade by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A.abolishing the Sedition Act B.reducing taxes

C.purchasing Louisiana from France

17.The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____.The U.S.won the war.A.1812, 1814 B.1813, 1815 C.1814, 1816

18.As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A.1/4 B.1/2 C.1/3

19.In 1844 the U.S.forced the Chinese Government to sign the firsttreaty of _____.A.WangxiaB.Nanjing C.Tianjin

20.The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A.50, 1781 B.13, 1781 C.13, 1787

21._____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A.New York B.Chicago C.Boston

22.It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A.Alexander Hamilton B.Thomas Jefferson

C.George Washington

23._____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A.John Adams B.Thomas Jefferson C.James Madison

24.The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A.James Madison B.James Monroe C.John Adams

25.The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance's program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A.Monroe Doctrine B.Sedition Act C.Holy Alliance

26._____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A.John Adams B.Andrew Jackson C.Andrew Johnson

27._____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A.Douglas Bill B.Monroe Doctrine C.Sedition Act

28.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared theof slavery.A.Homestead Bill B.Emancipation Proclamation

C.Both A and B

29.The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A.Bull Run B.Gettysburg C.Richmond

30.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S.and _____ in 1898.A.Britain B.France C.Spain

31.The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A.Abraham Lincoln B.Andrew Johnson

C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington

32.In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A.Woodrow Wilson B.William H.Taft

C.Theodore Roosevelt D.Warren G.Harding

33.Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A.New York B.Chicago C.Washington

34.In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A.first B.second C.third

35.McCarthy wasfor his harsh _____of thepeople.A.religious B.spiritual C.political

36.The Ku Klux Klan was the mostterrorist society which persecuted the _____.A.blacks B.Indians C.people

37.On August 14, 1914, the U.S.and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A.the Teheran Declaration B.the Atlantic Charter

C.the Washington Proclamation

38.In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the“_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A.Open Door Policy B.Big Stick C.Douglas Bill

39.The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____,for about four years.A.1913, 1917 B.1914, 1918 C.1915, 1919

40.The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A.Axis, Allies B.Holy Alliance, Axis

C.Central Powers, Allies

41.Theof a(n)_____ prince, Arch Duke Ferdinand, served as the direct fuse for theof WWI.A.Australia B.Belgium C.Austria

42.Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A.33 B.38 C.39

43.The frequent emergence of the economicin the U.S.A.led to the followingeffects except _____.A.inflation B.the rise of prices C.the decrease of population

D.the decrease of the purchasing capacity

44.In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A.San Francisco B.New York C.Philadelphia

45._____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A.48 B.47 C.45

46.At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S.and Britain discussed the problem of opening the secondin Europe.A.Yalta B.Teheran C.Casablanca

47.In July 1945, Britain, the U.S.and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam toan occupationand set up a program for the future of Germany.The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A.Cairo B.Teheran C.Potsdam D.Quebec

48.The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A.the Allies and the Axis(powers)B.the Axis and Holy Alliance

C.the Central Powers and the Allies

49.The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A.Paris Treaty B.Versailles Treaty C.Teheran Treaty

50.The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945.At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N.etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A.Yalta B.Teheran C.Potsdam

51.The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A.1920 B.1918 C.1919

52.The U.S.Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A.Levestone B.William Foster C.Earl Browder

53.The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A.1929, 1933 B.1933, 1937 C.1924, 1929

54.The programmer of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished toin was called _____.A.Eisenhower Doctrine B.Marshall Plan C.Truman Doctrine

55.The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A.Vietnam War B.Cold War C.Korean War

56.In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO tothe military actions of member nations against the _____.A.Germany B.Japan C.Soviet Union

57.The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A.1939, 1945 B.1937, 1943 C.1938, 1945

58.After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A.the Allies, the Axis Powers B.the USSR, the USA

C.the old capitalist countries, the new ones

59.There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970's.A.six B.five C.seven

60.The President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed acalled _____ to save the economic situation.A.Good Neighbor B.the Open Door Policy

C.the New Deal

61.The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A.Midway Island B.Britain C.Normandy

62.In Feb._____ came President Nixon'svisit to China.A.1979 B.1972 C.1973

63.In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A.the Korean War B.the Vietnam War C.the US-Spanish War

64.On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A.Spanish B.French C.Japanese

65.The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A.13 B.50 C.48

66.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A.the eastern B.the western C.the northern

67._____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A.The English King B.the local government

C.the local people

68.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A.George Washington B.Thomas Jefferson

C.both A and B

69._____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A.King George I B.King George III C.King George II

70.In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A.San Francisco B.Chicago C.New York

71.President Nixon visited China in _____.A.1973 B.1974 C.1972

72._____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A.Theodore RooseveltB.George Washington

C.Franklin D.RooseveltD.Thomas Jefferson

73.The city's name “Philadelphia” means _____.A.love B.pit C.philosophy

答案： 1-5 BDBBA 6-10ABCBA 11-15AABBC 16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA 26-30BABBC 30-35AABAC 36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA 46-50BCABA 51-55CBABC 56-60CABAC 61-65 ABACA 66-70AABBA 71-73CCA

第三篇：英美概況知識點

英國部分知識點

Unit 1

The full name of UK

Four parts of UK and its capital cities respectively

History---native Celts

invasion from Roman Empire---43 A.D.Settlement of Anglo-Saxons---410.Norman Conquer----William the Conqueror---1066

Battle between Parliament and King---Oliver CromwellWilliam and Mary---the Glorious Revolution---1688

Independence of Scotland for 300 years and its union with England in 1707 Wales---independence tendency

Unit 2

IRA

The Easter Rising of 1916

The Sinn Fein Party

The Good Fridady Agreement in 1998

Unit 3

The Monarchy----the role of queen

The Parliament---the Bill of Rights in 1689

The Prime Minister/ the Cabinet

The Consitution---no written consitution

Parliament---the role of Parliament

The House of Lords

The House of Commons----central role---651 MPs

Unit 4

General Elections---who can vote and who cannot voteyears term

The Labour Party

The Conservative Party

Class—middle class / working class

Race---multiracial

Unit5

Relative decline

Three industries---North Sea---oil and gas

London Stock ExchangeThe City

Frank Whittle---jet engine in 1937

Rolls-Royce

Unit 6

Beowulf

The Canterbury Tales

The legends of King Arthur

William Shakespeare---comedies and tragedies

17thcentury----Francis Bacon, John Milton

18th century----Jonathan Swift, Robert Burns, Daniel Defoe

19th century----Romanticism----poem---Wordsworth, Byron, Keats, Shelley

Novel----Jane Austen, the Bronte Sisters, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy20th century---Modernism---Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, D.H.Lawrence,E.M.Forster, George Orwell

Unit 7

5---16 compulsory education

Public school---Eton, Winchester

Comprehensive school

A-level exams

famous universities of UK

the Open University

Unit 8

Permanent member of UN Security Council

EU

NATO

FCO(Foreign and Commonwealth Office)---foreign policy making

Unit 9

Newspapers---The Times---oldest daily newspaper

The Observer---odest national newspaper

The qualtiy papers/tabloids

Fleet Street/ Street of Shame

Media----BBC(licence fees)/ ITV

Unit 10

Sports

Football---FA—football hooligans

Tennis---Wimbeldon---invented in Britain

Cricket---first sports with organised rules/same rules nationally---fair play Gofl---invented by Scottish

Horse Racing---flat racing/ steeplechasing

The Royal Ascot

Fox hunting

Holidays and Festivals

Chrismas---three unique traditions

Easter

Trooping the Colour---second Saturday in June

Guy Fawks Night---Nov.5

Orange Marches---July 12

St.Patrick’s Day---March 17

New Year’s Eve

Burns Supper---Jan.25

Halloween---Oct.31

Wales---Eisteddfod

美國部分知識點

Unit 1American Beginnings

Native Americans/ Indians

1492 Christopher Columbus

1497 John Cabot

The first English Settlement---London Company---virginia in 1607---JamesⅠ Beliefs of Puritans

1620---puritans---Mayflower---Plymouth---Massachusetts

Thanksgiving

Maryland---Catholic settlement---Lord Baltimore

Pennsylvania---Quakers---William Penncolonies

The American Revolution---1774, the first Continental Congress

1775, the second Continental Congress

1776, July, 4Declaration of Independence1783Independence

Unit 2 The Political System

Artiles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention in 1787

Constitution, Bill of Rights/ amendments in 1791

Checks and Balances

Legislative Branch----The House of Representatives---435—two-year termThe Senate---100---six-year term

Executive Branch----President---two terms---8 yearsdepartments

Judicial Branch----Supreme Court---chief justice---8 associate justies

Federal Courts of Appeal

Federal District Courts

The Republican Party---elephant---red

The Democratic Party---donkey---blue

Unit 3Economy

Alexander Hamilton—protective tariff

Industrial Revolution---the first factory---Samuel Slater---1793---cotton textile millRhold Island

Eli Whitney----cotton gin/ interchangeable parts

Henry Ford---assembly line---1913

Scientific management

The New York Stock Exchange---Wall Street

The roots of affluence

Unit 4 Religion

mainstream culture---WASP

Religious liberty

Protestants----Baptists(largest)---Bible Belt

Methodists

Quakers, Lutherans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians

Catholics----second largest

JFK---first Caholic President

Judaism----Jews---Passover

Three faiths

Religious Diversity-----Amish, Mormons

Unit 5 Literature

Early Writers----Washington Irving.James Fenimore Cooper

Transcendentalists----Ralph Emerson, Henry David Thoreau

Herman Melville.Nathaniel Hawthorne

Poets----Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Regionalism----Mark Twain

Natrualism----Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Jack London

Henry James, Edith Wharton

Sinclair Lewis---first American writer who won Nobel Prize for Literature Modernism----Ezra Pound, T.S.Eliot.E E.Cummings

Lost Generation----F.Scott.Fitzgerald.Ernest Hemingway

William Faulkner----Stream of Consciousness

Harlem Renaissance

Drama----Eugene O’ Neill, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller

John Steinbeck

Margaret Mitchell

Joseph Heller

Black writers----Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin

Beat Gerneration----Allan Ginsberg

J.D.Salinger

Black women wrtiers----Toni Morrison, Alice Walker

Unit 6 Education

public school(boards of education)/ private school

education decided by local government

elementary school/ secondary school

admission to university----SAT

famous universities

community college

GI Bill of Rights in 1944

Enrollment of black and women students

Unit 7 Social Movements

Civil Rights Movements----segregation

----Rosa Parks---bus boycott---Alabam---1955----SNCC, CORE, SCLC

----Martin Luther King, Jr.Malcolm X

The Youth Anit-War Movements-----The Vietnam War

-----the Free Speech Movement----Berkeley-----counterculture, Hippes

The Women’s Movements----Betty Friedan

Social problems-----Watergate Affair----Richard Nixon----1972----resign in 1974

Unit 8 Technology

Rifle Works-----John H.Hall

Mechanical reaper----Cyrus H.McCormick

Railroad----the Stevens family

Steamboat----Robert Fulton

Morse Code----Samuel F.B.Morse

Telephone---Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison----the Wizard of Menlo Park

Taylorism and Fordism

The television---the age of visual information

Apple/ IBM/ Microsoft

Unit 9 Foreign Relations

Cold War with Soviet Uniton

Truman Doctrine(the Korean War/ the Vietnam War)

Cuban Missle Crisis in 1962

Richard Nixon---visit China in 1972----ceasefire agreement of the Vietnam War Star Wars Project

The Gulf War in 1991

Bill Clinton

George W.Bush----unilaterlism and faith in military faith

Terriorist attack in 2001

Preemption

The Second Gulf War in 2003

American Domination

Unit 10 Sports and Scenic Spots

Sports

American football---Super Bowl

Baseball---World Series

Basketball----invented by James Naismith----NBA

Scenic Spots

Grand Canyon National Park

Yellowstone National Park---oldest---geyser and hot spring

Yosemite National Park

The Rocky Mountains/ The Appalachian Mountains

Mount.Rushmore---four presidents

Florida---Miami---Florida Keys----Key West

New York State---Niagara Falls

---New York City---Manhatten---the Statue of Liberty

第四篇：英美概況總結

英美概況總結

1.Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except __D___.英國之所以能成為世界上最早開始工業化的國家,原因有很多。但英國是從 17 世紀以后逐步 開始對海外貿易和開拓海外殖民地產生濃厚興趣的。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.2.The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy.The monarch has very little power.英國是君主立憲制國家，國王或女王（君主）幾乎沒什么實質性的權力。

3.the Conservative Party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them? 保守黨和自由黨是英國最早成立的兩個黨派。大致來說，保守黨是中上 層階級的黨，它得到大公司財政上的支持；而工黨主要得到工會的支持，它的支持者主要是 中產階級和知識分子。

4.On accepting Bill of Rights, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.《權利法案》的簽署，標志著英國進入了君主立憲制時代，一個君主幾乎沒有什么實質性權 力并受制于議會的時代。

5.Females were allowed to vote in national elections until 1918.直到 1918 年婦女才在全國大選中享有選舉權。

6.The British North America Act of 1867 established Canada as a domain.《1867 年英國北美法案》將加拿大納為它的自治領。

7.During World War II, as a war leader,Winston Churchill received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.在第二次世界大戰中，當時的英國首相丘吉爾作為戰 爭統帥受到了英國人民的廣泛擁戴，并帶領英國人民贏得了戰爭的最后勝利。8.The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and Argentina.福克蘭群島戰役是發生在英國和阿根廷著這兩個國家之間。位于大西洋南部的福克蘭群島從 1892 年起就是英國的海外殖民地，1982 年阿根廷開始控制這些島嶼，但是英國最終打敗了 阿根廷，并重新占領了這些島嶼。

9.In Britain, a by-election is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.英國的下院議會成員中有人去世、退休或辭職時，就要進行補缺選舉。

10.In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.在英國，部長們是由首相推薦，女王加以任命的。

11.There are 651 members in the House of Commons.下議院共有 651 名議員。

12.Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister? A.Margaret Thatcher B.Winston Churchill C.Horatio Nelson(c)D.John Major 撒切爾夫人，丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經做過英國首相；而納爾遜（1758-1805），英國海軍統帥，因作戰負傷，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海艦隊司令，在特法爾加角海戰中大敗西班牙 聯合艦隊，本人受重傷陣亡，號稱 Viscount Nelson。13.By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.在英國，按照傳統，多數黨的領導人由君主任命為首相，首相從本黨內 部挑選一些領導人擔任各部部長職位。

14.The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party, which still bears this nickname today.托利黨是英國保守黨的前身。

15.In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.在英國，在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對黨，它也有它自己的領導和影子內閣（shadow cabinet）。

16.The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s economic decline.現在“英國病”這一術語經常用來指英國經濟上的衰退。

17.The 1980s was remembered as the decade of privatization.正如 20 世紀 40 年代被看作是國有化的時代一樣，20 世紀 80 年代被看作是私有化的時代。包括英國石油、航空、鋼鐵、電訊在內的幾乎 40% 的國有公司實現了私有化。

18.Today, in Britain，coal mining is called a “sick” industry.英國煤礦業被稱為生病工業。英國的煤產量在一戰前達到頂點，如今的英國的煤礦業衰退，從而導致礦工的數量、煤礦的總產量大大下降。

19.The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor James Watt modified and improved the design in 1765.第一臺蒸汽機是 Thomas Newcomer 在 17 世紀末設計的，后來蘇格蘭發明家瓦特在 1765 年 對原有的設計進行了改進提高，生產出了第一臺高效的蒸汽機并應用到紡織和其他機械業 中。

20.The Industrial Revolution created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.工業革命產生了工人階級，即無產階級。后來形成了工會制度。21.Cotton Textile is the key to Industrial Revolution.紡織業的改革是英國工業革命的主要成 就之一。

22.Romanticism became a literary current during the period of the successful Industrial Revolution.工業革命時期的主要文學流派是浪漫主義。

23.Modern football game began in England.現代的足球運動起源于英國。其正宗的老家在英格蘭，19 世紀興起。

24.Prime Minister is the leader of the British government.英國的政體是君主立憲制。國王（女王）是國家元首，但政府的首領為首相。

25.The second largest city in England,Birmingham, is a metropolitan district and an industrial and manufacturing city.英國的第二大城市伯明翰位于英格蘭中部平原，是國際化大都市，也是 英國的工業和制造業中心。

26.The Romans introduced Christianity into Britain.公元 43 年，羅馬人占領英國，其后統治了 400 多年。基督徒就是在這一時期由羅馬人傳入英國的。

27.The real power of the British government lies in the cabinet headed by the Prime Minister.君主立憲制下，國王的作用更側重于其象征意義，而實權為內閣所有，內閣由首相率領。

28.In Britain, education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.英國的教育體系中的義務教育階段是 5-16 歲，這是每一位學生在學校學習的最低年限。

29.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the Mississippi.英國最長的河是塞文河，全長 355 公里，美國最長的河是密西西比河，長 4000 公里左右。

30.The general election in Britain is held every five years.英國大選每 5 年舉行一次。31.Which of the following tribes first came to Britain? A Roman B Anglo-Saxons C Jutes D Celts(D)凱爾特在公元前 700 年到英國，羅馬人在公元 1 到 5 世紀統治英國，5 世紀中期盎格魯撒克 遜人侵占英國，因此凱爾特人是最早踏入英國的。32.The Hundred Years’ War between Britain and France was fought from 1337 to 1453.英法百年戰爭爆發于 1337 年到 1453 年間，中間還發生了黑死病。

33.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 1949.愛爾蘭共和國在 1949 年獨立。

34.The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution.英國內戰于 1642 年到 1646 年間 發生，國王查爾斯與議會發生爭執，實際上是國王與清教徒之間的矛盾引起的，結果議會勝 利。

35.Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east, 英國南面與法國隔著英吉利海峽。

36.The largest lake in Britain is the Lough Neagh.英國最大的湖是內伊湖，最長的河流是塞文 河。

37.The majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands? 蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存，是蘇格蘭工業和人高度集中的地區。

38.In Britain only about 2% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land area.由于英國農作業時的高度機械化，只需利用全國 2%的人口來耕作大面積農地。39.The two important crops in Britain are wheat and barley.小麥和大麥是英國最重要的莊稼。

40.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英國的義務教育是從 5 歲到 16 歲，所以期間的教育全部免費。41.Which of the following is the British oldest daily newspaper?(D)A The Telegraph B The Guardian C The News of the World 英國歷史上最悠久的日報是《泰晤士報》。D The Times 42.The river Thames is in England.泰晤士河位于英格蘭。

43.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工業革命最早從英國開始。44.Which of the following is true under Thatcher’s administration?(C)A The proportion of owner-occupation decreased.B Public housing became more important.C Many public houses were sold to people.D The UK became more European-like in its housing arrangement.1979 年撒切爾夫人成為英國第一任女首相。她提出的政策稱被為“撒切爾主義”。其內容包 括國有企業私有化，采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹，削弱工會的影響，加強市場因素在 經濟中的作用，將公有住房賣給公眾，強調法律和秩序。在一定程度上講，她的計劃是成功 的。她領導英國經濟度過了一段最繁華的時期。

45.Britain has its nuclear naval force since it’s a traditional sea power.英國擁有其海軍核力量與其一貫的霸主地位是密切相關的。

46.Which of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?(C)A The Times B The Guardian C The Observer D The Financial Times 《觀察家報》創刊于 1791 年，是英國創刊最早的星期日報紙。

47.Big Ben was named after Benjamin Hall.據說 Big Ben 得名于它在 1859 年修建時候的建造者 Benjamin Hall。

48.The Capital of Wales is Cardiff.威爾士位于大不列顛的西部。首府：加的夫。49.Portsmouth is England’s biggest naval base.英國最大的海軍基地是普茨茅斯。

50.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labour Party.英國奉行的是兩黨制。其兩大主要政黨是保守黨和工黨。1.Which name is NOT related to Britain?(D)A Northern Ireland B Scotland C Wales D Toronto 2.The news agency Reuters was founded in London.路透社創建于倫敦。

3.The tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.倫敦塔是 1078 年為防止羅馬入侵由威廉大帝修建的。

4.The Anglo-Saxon were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.英國民族的前身是安格魯薩克森人。

5.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.格拉斯格是蘇格蘭最大的城市和經濟中心。6.In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can legally receive completely free education.英國小孩 5—16 歲的教育是免費的。

7.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.工業革命起源于英國。

8.Ben Nevis is the name ofBritain’s highest mountain? 本尼維斯山為英國最高峰。9.The United Kingdom is the correct name to use to refer to Britain in a political way.提起英國，很多人會使用名字“Britain”“England”或“British”，但這往往會惹惱蘇格蘭人，威爾士 人以及北愛爾蘭人。從政治角度來講，“the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”或 “the United Kingdom/UK”是英國正確的叫法。“the British Isles”則是地理意義 上的名字，包括 Great Britain，the whole of Ireland（Northern and Southern），the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 這些島嶼。Britain has, for centuries , been slowly tilting with the North-West slowly rising and the South-East slowly sinking.英國幾個世紀以來地勢一直在緩慢地傾斜，表現為西北部在慢慢上 升，而東南部在慢慢下沉，所以英國的西北部為高地。

11.The two areas in Britain where a lot of immigrants live are London and heart of England.現 在，英國移民主要集中在倫敦及英格蘭心臟地帶的一些城市和城鎮，諸如 Slough, Leicester, Wolverhampton, Birmingham, Luton, Bradford, Coventry, Bedford 和 Reading 等等。

12.The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses.英國國旗為紅白藍三色的米字旗（也叫“Union Jack”，是由三個十字組成。）13.Which flower is symbol of England?(D)A Thistle B Shamrock C Daffodil D Rose A，薊是蘇格蘭的象征，用作蘇格蘭的國徽；B，三葉苜蓿花為愛爾蘭的國花；C，黃水仙 花是威爾士的國花；D，玫瑰則是英格蘭的國花。

14.Lake District was the home of the Lake Poets William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor, Coleridge and Robert Southey of 19th century Britain.位于英格蘭西北部和威爾士北部的湖區是英國著 名的風景區之一，也是英國十九世紀湖畔詩人聚居的地方。

15.The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.最早來英國定居的是伊比利亞人。大約

在公元前 3000 年左右，也就是新石器時代，他們從伊比利亞半島（即今天的西班牙）來到 英國。

16.Julius Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 BC.英國的歷史是從羅 馬人的入侵開始的。愷撒，這位偉大的羅馬將軍，在公元前 55 年第一次帶兵入侵并征服了 英國。

17.Which one is not the reason for the very limited influence of Roman to Britain? A The Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class.B The Romans and Britons never intermarry during the 4 centuries C The Romans didn’t like the Britons.D The Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.(c)盡管羅馬人征服了英國，但是羅馬文化對英國的影響十分有限。這主要是因為：羅馬人一直 把英國人看作是社會地位相當于奴隸的被降伏的民族； 在長達四個世紀的時間里從來沒有羅 馬人跟英國人通婚；羅馬人對英國平民階層的語言和文化沒有任何影響。18.The Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of France.By 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the English.英法之間的百年戰爭以英國人被趕出法國而告終。到 1453 年戰爭結束時，只有法國北部的 加萊港還在英國人手里。

19.Which war had little effect on ordinary people but gave a death blow to feudalism?(A)A The Wars of the Roses C The English Civil War B The Hundred Years’ War D World War I 盡管玫瑰戰爭持續了 30 年，但對老百姓的生活幾乎沒什么影響，反倒使英國的封建主義受 到致命打擊，貴族階層受到了削弱。20.The English Civil War, also called the Puritan Revolution , is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.英國內戰也叫“清教徒革命”，這是因為反對國王的人大 部分是那些清教徒。英國內戰不僅推翻了英國的封建制度，也動搖了歐洲封建統治的基礎。所以，從這個角度講，英國內戰通常被看作現代世界史的開端。

21.Scotland is the home of golf.高爾夫是一項古老的貴族的運動，源于十五世紀或更早以前 的蘇格蘭，蘇格蘭地區山多，氣候濕潤，多霧，非常適合牧草生長，這里的工業文明以前是 連綿不斷的牧場。相傳當時牧羊人放牧閑暇時，用木板玩游戲，將石子擊入兔子窩或洞中。

久而久之形成了使用不同的球桿并按一定的規則擊球。

22.Which of the follwing languages is NOT spoken in Scotland? A English B Scottish C Gaelic D Denish(D)Gaelic 蘇格蘭蓋爾語是高地蘇格蘭人的傳統語言；更多人使用的語言是英語。一直到 15 世 紀末，盎格魯人仍然以他們的語言稱蘇格蘭蓋爾語為「蘇格蘭語」（盎格魯語：Scottish）。23.The election of 1979 made Margaret Thatcher to power and she became the first woman prime minister.Margaret Thatcher 在 1979 年成為英國首相，為英國史上第一個女首相。

24.To its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.具體的說，英國的議會是由元首，上議院和下議院組成。其中，元首沒 有實權，上議員由大法官（Lord Chancellor）掌權，是由神職議員（the Lord Spiritual）和世 俗議員（the Lord Temporal），下議院的成員是通過選舉產生的 651 名議員,以首相為首。

25.The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the Conqueror.倫敦塔名為 “塔” 實際上是公元 11 世紀處于羅馬統治時期的一座城堡式建筑。，26.There are two state churches in Britain.英國有兩大國教： 在英格蘭是英格蘭教（Church of England）或者英國圣公會，在蘇格莎白的頭銜全稱為“托上帝宏恩，大不列顛及北愛爾蘭 聯合國和她的其他領土和領地的女王、英聯邦元首、基督教的保護者伊麗莎白二世”。可見，英女王是基督教的保護者。

27.When Oliver Cromwell died in 1658, and was succeeded by his son Richard, the regime began immediately to collapse.Oliver Cromwell 的兒子在父親過世后繼承王權，但是不久后掌控的政體瓦解。1660 年，議 會扶植流浪法國的前國王兒子 Charles 二世當國王。28.The twenty-first birthday is a great event in Britain since it marks the beginning of full manhood or womanhood.在英國,21 歲生日是個大生日,因為他們認為 21 歲是大人開始的年 齡。

29.Reuters was founded in 1851.路透社是世界四大通訊社之一，也是英國創辦最早的通訊 社。1850 年由保羅·朱利葉斯·路透（paul julius reuter）在德國亞琛創辦，1851 年遷址到 倫敦。創辦人路透原為德國人，后加入英國籍。1865 年，路透把他的私人通訊社擴展成為 一家大公司。

英國文學 1.Irony refers to some contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.irony 是指“反諷”，揭示事物表面與真相的差別。

2.Tennyson was recognized as the greatest poet of Victorian England.Aflred Tennyson 被稱為維多利亞時代最杰出的英國詩人。他的主要作品為：The Princess，Maud 和短詩 Break，Break，Break。

3.James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT__C__.A Dubliners B A Potrait of the Artist as a Young Man C Jude the Obscure D Ulysses Jude the Obscure 是 Thomas Hardy 的作品。4.Which of the follwing poets is different from the others? A John Donne B John Keats C Lord Byron A D Percy Bysshe Shelley 除了 John Donn 是玄學派詩人外，另外三位為浪漫主義派詩人。5.William Wordsworth is an English _A___.A poet B novelist C playwright D critic William Wordsworth 是英國前浪漫主義詩人。

6.The compiler of A Dictionary of the English Language is Samuel Johnson.Samuel Johnson（1709-1784）編寫的《英語字典》是之后所有英語字典的基石。

7.My Last Duchess is a monologue poem written by Robert Browning.Robert Browning（1812-1889）擅于寫獨角劇，他的代表作是 My Last Duchess 和 Meeting at Night。8.“Beauty is truth, truth beauty” is an epigrammatic line by John Keats.Beauty is truth, truth beauty 是 John Keats 的寫作宗旨，他用盡畢生精力追求能夠表達一切美 麗事物的詩篇。

9.Paradise Lost is a masterpiece by John Miltom.《失樂園》和《復樂園》均為 John Milton 作。

10.James Joyce mostly wrote about his hometown Dublin.James Joyce 出生于愛爾蘭的首都都柏林，主要作品有： Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man，A Ulysses。故事合集 Dubliners。

Land and People

1.The official name of Great Britain is___.(The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)2.On the British Isles there were two countries before___.(1918)3.The Republic of Ireland became independent in the year___.(1949)4.Of all the four parts of Island in Great Britain ___ is the largest in area.(England)5.In ___ the British Commonwealth was founded.(1913)6.The Strait of Dover is only ___ km.wide.(33)7.On the island of Britain from north to south it runs ___ km and the widest part extends ___ km.(1,000;500)8.Scotland has an area of ___ sq.km., which makes it rank the second in size.(78,760)9.The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in ___.(the Highlands)10.The longest river in Britain is ___.(the Severn River)11.The largest lake in Britain is ___.(Lough Neagh)12.Britain is an island country which lies between latitude ___ to ___ degrees north.(50;60)13.The prevailing ___ winds or Westerlies blow over the country all the year.(south-west)14.In Britain the average rainfall throughout the whole year is over ___ mm.(1,000)15.The average population density in Britain is ___ people per square kilometer.(237)16.In Britain ___ of the population is urban and ___ is rural.(90%;10%)17.The Celts arrived in Britain after ___.(700BC)18.The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___.(Britons)19.Names beginning with “M” are ___.(Scottish)20.Irish,often called Erse, is a form of ___.(Gaelic)The Oringins of a Nation 1.The first known settles of Britain were ___.(the Iberians)2.The true Roman occupation began in ___.(43AD)3.The Hadrians Wall was built during the occupation of ___.(the Romans)4.The names Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday came from ___.(Druidism)5.The Witan, the basis of the Privy Council was created by ___.(the Anglo-Saxons)6.Alfred the Great was the King of ___.(Wessex)7.Canute was a ___ leader.(Danish)8.When Edward the Confessor died, the Witan chose ___ as English King.(Harold)9.In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William's army on Senlac Field near ___.(Hastings)10.For nearly ___ years Britain was under the Roman occupation.(400)The Shaping of the Nation 1.“Domesday Book” was compiled during the rule of ___.(William I)2.When William died in 1087, he left Normandy to ___, and England to ___.(Robert;William Rufus)3.In Henry's day a jury consisted of ___ men.(12)4.The Constitutions of Clarendon in 1164 increased the jurisdiction of ___.(the civil courts)5.The Canterbury Tales was written by ___.(Geoffrey Chaucer)6.The Murder in the Cathedral is about the martyrdom of ___.(Henry II)7.Magna Carta was signed in ___ at a conference at ___.(1215;Oxford)8.According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of ___.(the King)9.Led by ___, the barons forced Henry III to accept ___.(Simon de Montfort;the Great Charter)10.In 1265 Simon summoned the Great and two ___ from each town.(yeomen)11.Even today the British royal assent to law is still written in ___ “le roil le veut”.(English)12.Under ___ Wales was conquered.(Henry III)13.The Hundred Year's War lasted from ___ to ___.(1337;1453)14.The Black Death swept through England in the summer of ___ without warning.(1348)15.By the end of 14th century the Black Death reduced England's population from 4 million to ___ million.(3)16.The Peasant Uprising led by John Ball happened in ___.(1381)Transition to the Modern Age

1.The Wars of Roses refereed to the battles between ___ and ___.(the House of York;the HOuse of Lancaster)2.The Wars of Roses broke out shortly after ___.(the Hundred Year's War)3.The Wars of Roses broke out in ___ and ended in ___.(1455;1485)4.The Wars of Roses ended with the failure of ___.(the House of Lancaster)5.After the Wars of Roses the rule of ___ began.(the Tudors)6.The last battle of the Wars of Roses was at ___ in 1485.(Bosworth Field)7.The first king of the Tudors was ___.(Henry VII)8.In foreign affairs, Henry VIII was aided by ___, Archbishop and Lord Chancellor.(Thomas Wolsey)9.Henry VIII dissolved all of England's monasteries and nunneries because ___.(they were much more loyal to the Pope than to their English kings)10.The real change of “the Reformation” came in the day of ___.(Edward VI)11.___ is remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.(Mary Tudor)12.England has been Protestant since the reign of ___, a Protestant Queen.(Elizabeth I)13.Elizabeth I was the daughter of ___ and ___.(Henry VIII;Anne Boleyn)14.The Armada was defeated by England in ___.(1588)15.Stuarts began with the rule of ___.(James I)16.The Renaissance began in northern ___ in the early ___ century.(Italy;14th)17.The Renaissance was typified by the universal genius of ___.(Leonardo da Vinci)18.The finest exponents in English Renaissance were Christopher Marlowe, Ben Johnson and ___.(William Shakespeare)19.___ established blank verse in plays.(Christopher Marlowe)20.___ influenced greatly the early works of William Shakespeare.(Christopher Marlowe)21.Which in the following is the tragedy of Shakespeare?(Hamlet)22.___ created a dream world of mystery and magic which has influenced many later poets, especially the Romantics.(Edmund Spenser)23.The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 was engineered by ___.(Guy Fawkes)24.___ was regarded as the second Magna Carta.(The Petition of Right)25.___ contained a series of seven laws against the Puritans.(The Clarendon Act)26.In the Glorious Revolution the Catholic English king, ___ was driven out of England.(James II)27.After the Glorious Revolution came the Age of ___, a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament.(the Constitutional Monarchy)28.It was during the reign of ___, the name Great Britain came into being in 1707.(Anne)The Rise and Fall of the British Empire 1.___ was the forerunner of the Conservative Party.(The Tories)2.The open field system could be dated back to ___ century.(5th)3.According to the open field system each year ___ field was left “fallow”.(1/3)4.The open field system lasted till ___ century.(18th)5.The seed frill was invented by ___.(Jethro Tull)6.The English king ___ was given the nickname “Farmer George”.(George III)7.The Industrial Revolution began in the late ___ century and ended in early ___ century and it first sprang in ___.(18th;19th;Britain)8.The Industrial Revolution first started in ___.(textiles)9.In Britain the real revolution in textiles was in ___.(1770)10.The spinning jenny was invented by ___.(James Hargreaves)11.The first steam engine was devised by ___.(Thomas Newcomer)12.As a result of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was by ___ the “workshop of the world”.(1830)13.The Chartist Movement lasted from ___ to ___.(1836;1848)14.In ___, the London Working Men's Association was founded.(1836)15.The Physical Force Chartists was led by ___.(Feargus O'Conour)16.The Moral Force Chartists was led by___.(William Lovett)17.During the Chartist Movement ___ petitions were presented to the Parliament.(3)18.The People's Charter made in 1836 had ___ points.(6)19.During the Chartist Movement the first petition was presented in ___ and the last was in ___.(1840;1848)20.Influenced by the French Revolution the British Parliament passed ___ of 1799-1800 to forbid the formation of unions.(the Combination)21.During the rule of the ___ government, the Trade Union Act of ___ legalized the trade unions and gave financial security.(Liberal;1871)22.The Independent Labor Party was formed in ___, led by ___.(1893;Keir Hardic)23.The Labor Party became the opposition for the first time in ___.(1922)24.English colonial expansion began with the colonization of ___ in ___.(Newfoundland;1583)25.After the Seven Years, War Canada was ceded to Britain by ___.(The 1763 Treaty of Paris)26.___ divided Canada into Upper Canada and Lower Canada.(The Canada Act of 1791)27.Canada was established as a dominion by ___.(The British North America Act of 1867)28.Australia was first discovered by ___ in the early ___.(Dutch;1600s)29.In ___ the six self-governing colonies were united in one dominion---the Independent Commonwealth of Australia.(1901)30.New Zealand was first sighted by the ___ seaman ___ in ___.(Dutch;Abel Tasman;1642)31.In the 1770s ___ visited New Zealand and claimed it for England.(Captain James Cook)32.Britain drew up the Treaty of Waitangi in ___ with ___ chiefs.(1840;Maori)33.New Zealand was completely independent in ___.(1931)34.The British East India Company was established in ___.(1600)35.In ___ Queen Victoria became Empress of India.(1877)36.The Suez Canal was first built by ___ engineers.(French)37.In the ___ British merchants began to smuggle opium into China from India.(1830s)38.In ___, the Chinese, led by the Imperial Commissioner Lin Zexu, confiscated the British merchants' opium and burned them.(1839)39.After the Opium War in 1840 the British troops occupied Hong Kong in ___.(1841)40.After the Opium War in 1840, ___ was signed in 1842.(the Treaty of Nanjing)41.After the Second Opium War China was forced to open ___ ports.(11)42.In Britain, after the First World War women over ___ years old were granted the right to vote.(30)43.The spark of World War I was struck at ___ in ___.(Sarajevo;1914)44.The Sudetenland was given to Germany by ___.(the Munich Agreement)45.The Great Exhibition 100 years ago was held by ___.(the Conservative Government)46.The Beatles, the popular band in 1960s, came from ___.(Liverpool)47.In 1979 the Conservative Party returned to power again and ___ became the Prime Minister.(Margaret Thatcher)48.In ___ the Falkland Island war broke out between Britain and ___.(1982;Argentina)The Economy 1.After ___, Britain gave up its economic hegemony and suffered a deep low of its position of industrial leadership.(the Second World War)2.With help from ___, the British economy quickly recovered from the Second World War.(the USA)3.By the end of ___, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels.(1947)4.In 1950 Britain's GDP and its foreign trade ranked ___ and its per capita income ranked ___ in the world.(second;third)5.The end of ___ Britain witnesses the first oil shock.(1973)6.In ___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.(1980s)7.The 1940s in Britain was regarded as the decade of ___ in economy.(nationalization)8.The 1980s in Britain was remembered as the era of ___.(privatization)9.Almost all the industrial areas in Britain except ___ and ___ are based on coalfields.(London;Belfast)10.The coal from the coalfield of ___ is ,ost suitable for producing blast furnace coke used in British steelworks.(the North-East)11.___ coalfields produce coal suitable for the power stations.(The Midlands)12.It is estimated that Britain has the oil reserves of ___ million barrels.(13)13.In Britain the imported cotton arrives at the city of ___ and then carried by canal to the great textile manufacturing city of ___.(Liverpool;Manchester)14.Britain was a world leader in shipbuilding during the middle of the ___ century.(19th)15.Now the British motor industry is dominated by ___ firms.(4)16.The motor vehicle industry in Britain began to developed in the early ___ century.(20th)17.The area between ___ and ___ in Scotland is referred to as the “Silicon Glen”.(London;South Wales)18.In Britain ___ of the population who are farmers manage ___ of the land area.(3%;70%)19.In Britain any farm employing more than ___ farm workers is a big farm.(4)20.There are mainly ___ farm types in Britain.(6)21.The chief arable farming areas are in ___ and ___.(the East;the South East)22.The two very important crops in Britain are ___ and ___.(wheat;barley)23.Both ___ and ___ are the staple food of Britain.(wheat;potatoes)24.In Britain ___ is not grown.(rice)25.___ is the chief kind of farming in the North and West of Britain.(Stock farming)26.Britain is the ___ largest trading nation in the world.(fifth)27.Britain has been a major trading power since the ___ century.(17th)28.About half of British trade is with ___.(EEC)Government and Administration 1.The United Kingdom is government in the name of ___, by ___.(the Sovereign;His or Her Majesty’s Government)

2.The British monarchy can be traced back to at least ___ century.(the 9th)3.The present British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II was crowned in ___.(1953)4.___ is the “supreme governor” of the Church of England.(The monarch)5.In law British Prime Minister is appointed by ___.(the monarch)6.All royal expenditure is approved by ___.(the British Parliament)7.The life of the British Parliament is ___ years and divided into ___.(5;sessions)8.The leader of the House of Lords is ___.(the Lord Chancellor)9.___ has the ultimate authority for law-making.(The Lower House)10.In Britain the members of the Lower House are elected either at a general election or at ___.(a by-election)11.In Britain the general election is normally held every ___ years.(5)12.In Britain the citizens aged ___ or over have the right to vote.(18)13.In Britain a candidate must be at least ___ or over with the deposit of ￡___.(21;500)14.The Social and Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ___.(the Liberal Party)15.The House of Lords cannot delay a bill passed by the Lower House for more than ___ months.(12)16.The House of Common is headed by ___.(the Speaker)17.The British Cabinet is presided by ___.(the Prime Minister)18.The local government on the mainland of Scotland is on ___ basis.(tow-tier)19.Northern Ireland is divided into ___ districts.(26)20.Which of the following is NOT true about the British Parliament.(The Lord Chancellor is responsible for the records of proceedings of the House of Lords and for the text of Acts of Parliament.)Justice and Law 1.___ is confined mainly to economic and social matters in Britain.(European Community Law)2.In ___ the Lord Advocate, is responsible for prosecutions in the courts.(Scotland)3.Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___.(the jury)4.The jury in Scotland contains ___ members.(15)5.England and Wales are divided into ___ circuits for the purpose of hearing criminal cases.(6)6.___ is the ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the United Kingdom.(The House of Lords)7.In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of ___.(the Prime Minister)8.Which of the following statements is NOT true about the common law in the U.K.?(It mainly includes the Acts of Parliament.)Social Affairs 1.The NHS was established in the UK in ___.(1948)2.___ do not contribute to the cost of the NHS.(Students)3.In Britain ___ cannot received a voucher towards the cost of their spectacles.(officials at office)4.___ is directly responsible for the NHS.(Central government)5.The contributory social security benefits include ___.(retirement pension)6.Women at the age of ___ and men at the age of ___ are entitled to a state retirement pension.(60,65)7.___ is uniquely related to the Crown.(Church of England)8.About 1,312 churches are governed locally in Scotland by ___.(Kirk Session)9.The General Assembly meets annually under the presidency of an elected moderator, who serves for ___.(one year)10.___ is NOT among the Anglican Churches.(The Baptists)11.The Free Church does NOT include ___.(the Church of England)12.___ is the largest of the Free Churches.(The Methodist Church)13.___ allows only men to become priests.(The Roman Catholic Church)14.There are now ___ Roman Catholic provinces in Britain.(7)15.December 25th is ___.(Christmas Day)16.___ is liable to be charged by the NHS for treatment in an accident, emergency or for an infectious disease.(No one)17.Services provided for expectant mothers and mothers with young children do NOT include ___.(free sight test)18.Unemployment benefit of ___ a week for a single person is payable for up to a year in any one period of unemployment.(￡45.45)19.Employers are responsible for paying statutory sick pay to employees for up to a maximum of ___ weeks if employees are sick or disable.(28)20.Most pregnant working women receive their statutory maternity pay directly from their employer for a maximum of ___ weeks.(18)

美國概況

1.The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is the Mississippi River.（密西西比河也是美國最長最為重要的河流，被美國人“眾河之父”Father of Waters）

2.Non-Hispanic white is the largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A.3.Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans.2000年前美國黑人是美國人數最多的少數民族，2000年后Hispanics/Latinos也就是拉丁裔的美國人成為美國人數最多的少數民族。

4.America has the world's oldest written constitution and political party.5.As to roles of American president, which is NOT precisely defined in the U.S.Constitution?

A.He is the head of the state

B.He is the chief executive of the U.S.C.He is the commander in chief of the armed forces

D.He is the head of his political party

6.The economic problems caused by the depression in 1929 were eventually solved by the New Deal.（proposed by F.D.Roosevelt）

7.The New England region's cultural character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit.8.California is the largest state in terms of size and population in America.9.Which of the following is NOT America's newspaper?

A.Wall Street Journal

B.USA today

C.Guardian（英國《衛報》）

D.The Milwaukee Journal

10.ABC, CBS, NBC, PBS, CNN, MTV, HBO等都是美國主要的新聞與有線電視網絡（News and Cable Networks）

11.To the west of mainland America lies the Pacific Ocean.美國大陸東部則是大西洋。

12.Detroit, a U.S.city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its automobile industry.13.New York City is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.14.Washington D.C.is named after both George Washington and Christopher Columbus.15.The U.S.Congress has the power to make these laws except of _______.A.defense B.citizenship and naturalization C.marriage D.the regulation of foreign trade

16.The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was Abraham Lincoln.17.Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is Rhode Island.18.The national flag of the United States is known as the Star-Spangled Banner.19.The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the population.20.The statue of liberty was given to American people by France as a gift in 1884.21.Franklin D.Roosevelt's presidential term is the longest.（12 years）

22.American Civil War broke out in 1861 and finished in 1865.23.Thomas Jefferson prepared the draft of the Declaration of Independence.24.In 31 October Halloween is celebrated.25.The US was rated fourth in the world in terms of land area.26.The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states equally.（two for each state）

27.Hollywood, the center of American movie industry, is closest to Los Angeles.28.The first Puritans came to America on the ship May Flower.英國概況

1.Which of the following does not belong to the Island of Great Britain?

A.England B.Scotland C.Ireland D.Wales

2.Modern football game began in England.3.In Britain education is compulsory for children between the ages of 5 to 16.4.The longest river in Britain is the Severn River.5.The general election in Britain is held every five years.6.“God Save the Queen” is the national anthem of Britain.7.In 1588 the English fleet defeated the Spanish Armada and established the supremacy over the sea.8.Big Ben is a famous clock in London.9.In 1066 William the Conqueror led the Norman army in invading and defeating England.10.The Times is the British oldest daily newspaper.11.The Industrial Revolution started in the Great Britain.12.Margaret Thatcher is the first female Prime Minister in the history of Great Britain.13.The capital of Wales is Cardiff.14.There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and the Labor party.15.The new agency Reuters（路透社）was founded in London.16.The Anglo-Saxons were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.17.Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland.18.The British Parliament consists of three elements: the Crown, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.英國文學

1.Beowulf: national epic in old English 2.Geoffrey Chaucer: father of modern English poetry;The Canterbury Tales 3.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: story about King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table 4.Renaissance: it was an intellectual movement.It sprang first in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe.Two features are striking of this movement.The one is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.Another feature is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.5.Thomas More: Utopia 6.William Shakespeare: Four Great Tragedies: Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear, Othello He was also famous for his sonnets and love tragedy: Romeo and Juliet.7.John Milton: Paradise Lost(great epic)8.Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 9.Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels

10.John Bunyan: Pilgrim’s Progress(It is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.)11.Samuel Johnson: A Dictionary of the English Language 12.In the mid-18th century, a new literary trend called Romanticism came to Europe and then to England.13.National poet of Scotland: Robert Burns 14.William Wordsworth: Lyrical Ballads(It marked the beginning of Romanticism in English poetry.)15.George Gordon Byron: Don Juan 16.Percy Bysshe Shelley: Ode to the West Wind 17.John Keats: Ode to a Nightingale 18.In the Victorian Age(1836 – 1901), romanticism gradually gave way to realism.19.Charles Dickens: A Tale of Two Cities;David Copperfield;Oliver Twist 20.Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights 21.Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urbervilles 22.William Makepeace Thackeray: Vanity Fair 23.George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion;Mrs Warren’s Profession(He is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare.)24.John Galsworthy: The Forsyte Saga 25.James Joyce: “stream-of-consciousness”

語言學

1.The core of linguistics: Phonetics, Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

2.The beginning of Modern linguistics: marked by the publication of F.de Saussure's book Course in General Linguistics in the early 20th century.3.Prescriptive vs.Descriptive規定性研究與描寫性研究

Linguistics is descriptive while traditional grammar is prescriptive.4.Competence vs.performance 語言能力與語言運用: the distinction was proposed by the American linguist N.Chomsky in 1965.The two terms are similar with Saussure's langue and parole.However, Saussure took a sociological view of language and Chomsky looks at language from a psychological point of view.5.Phonetics: the study of the phonic medium of language;it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world's languages.（語音學）

6.Phonology: aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.（音位學）

7.音位學與語音學的不同：語音學著重于語音的自然屬性；音位學強調語音的社會功能。

8.Morphology: refers to the study of the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed.（形態學）

9.Morpheme: the smallest unit in terms of relationship between expression and content, the minimal unit of meaning.10.Word-formation: the process of word variation signaling lexical relationships.They are compound and derivation.11.Transformational-Generative grammar: proposed by Chomsky in 1957（轉換生成語法）

12.hyponymy上下義關系，指一種意義包含關系，一個上義詞一般會有許多下義詞，比如flower與violet的關系即上下義關系。

13.antonymy反義關系：（1）Gradable antonyms兩者并非絕對對立，而是相對hot-cold；（2）complementary antonyms互補，兩者絕對對立，非此即彼，如dead-alive（3）relational antonyms相反的，兩個實體之間關系的相互顛倒buy-sell

14.Sociolinguistics: It is the sub-filed of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live.社會語言學

15.Sapir-whorf hypothesis薩皮爾伍爾夫假說: according to Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf, language filters people's perception and the way they categorize experiences.此假說認為語言決定或影響人的思維方式和行為。

16.acquisition（習得）:it is a process similar to the way children acquire their first language, and it is a subconscious process without minute learning of grammatical rules.Learning（學習）: it is a conscious learning of the second language knowledge by learning the rules and talking about the rules.專八人文知識必背

1.A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2.Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation.音位學;在語言或一門語言中，對有關其分類和模式以及為大家所默認的發音規則的研究音韻學, 音系學

3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.句法，研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯合起來形成合乎語法的句子規則的學科

4.Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.語義學，以語言形式表示意思的研究或科學

5.acronym : 首字母組合詞，首字母縮略詞，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼，但VOA是 Initialism。

6.Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power.換喻或轉喻，一種,一個詞或詞組被另一個與之有緊密聯系的詞或詞組替換的修辭方法，如用華盛頓代替美==或用劍代替軍事力量，對面來了三個“紅領巾”也是，以紅領巾指代少先隊員。

7.Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life(Shakespeare).明喻, 一種修辭手法，把兩種基本不相像的東西進行比較，通常在由 like或 as引導的短語中，如 “我的離開好象是冬天來臨”或“你對我的思想就象食物對于生命一樣重要”（莎士比亞）

8.Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare)隱喻一種語言表達手法，通常用指某物的詞或詞組來指代他物，從而暗示它們之間的相似之處，如 “憂愁之海”或“整個世界一臺戲”(莎士比亞)the ship of desert 沙漠之舟

9.Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist.矛盾修飾法, 一種把互相矛盾或不調和的詞合在一起的修辭手法，如在 震耳欲聾的沉默和悲傷的樂觀 cruel kindness

10.The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.11.John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost.Paradise Regained was also written by him.12.Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes.十四行詩體, 一種由十四行組成的詩歌形式，通常有一種傳統的押韻形式, 莎士比亞用過此詩體。

13.Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect.俚語主要出現在非正式的、游戲性的話語中的一種語言，基本由存在時間很短的派生詞和修辭構成，它們被故意地用來取代標準的詞語以達到生動、幽默、無禮或其它效果

14.Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement.警句，妙句，吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語，尤指用作集團或運動的口號的用語。

15.Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.行話, 一個行業、職業或類似的團體中使用的專業的或技術的語言.16.Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant.陳腔濫調, 陳腐的或平庸的評論或陳述，尤指某人表述它時好象它是新穎的或有意義的

17.Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton.夸張法,一種比喻，使用夸張來強調或產生某種效果，比如在我能睡一年或這書有一噸重

18.onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to.象聲詞, 詞的構成或用法，例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行動的聲音.19.hypotaxis: 從屬關系

20.parataxis: 并列結構，指 短語或分句間不用連詞，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.21.Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition.超驗主義, 一種文學和哲學運動，與拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生和瑪格麗特?富勒有關，宣稱存在一種理想的精神實體，超越于經驗和科學之處，通過直覺得以把握

22.Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter.美國

23.Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.詞法，詞態學，形態音位學, 語言或某一語言中對于單詞的結構和形式的研究，包括詞尾變化、派生和合成詞的構成

24.affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant輔音 followed by a fricative摩擦;for example, the initial sounds of child and joy.塞擦音由閉塞音伴隨著摩擦音而形成的復雜的語音；例如 child和 joy的第一個音Also called: affricative.25.Vanity Fair 名利場 was written William Makepeace Thackray 26.Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon.Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins

尼爾．阿姆斯特朗、埃德溫．奧爾德林、邁克爾．柯林斯

27.The title of the national anthem 國歌 of Canada is O Canada.此種類型題同學們可自己多找幾個國家。

28.Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29.etymology: the history of a word.詞源學

30.The dominant accent in the United States is General American.除紐約市、南方、新英格蘭

31.John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披頭士或甲殼蟲樂隊in the 1960s.32.In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游記, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society.有理智和人性的馬 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33.Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34.morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as-ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts.詞素, 一種含有一個單詞的有意義的語言單位，如-ed在單詞 walked中，不能被劃分為更小的有意義單位

35.The name of the famous stadium露天體育場 in the north of London is Wembley.36.Wimbledon溫布爾登[英國英格蘭東南部城市](位于倫敦附近, 是著名的國際網球比賽地)

37.Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食譜, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England.烤面拖牛肉，面拖烤香腸

38.Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（強制）.聯合抵制, 聯合起來拒絕使用、購買或經銷以示抗議、不滿或作為強制的手段

39.Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society.種族隔離, 強制實行種族的社會分離政策及實踐，如在學校、居住和工業中，尤指在白人居多的社會中實行有色人種歧視的政策

40.Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.種族隔離制, 南非共和國實行的一種官方的種族隔離政策，包括在政治、法律和經濟諸方面對非白色人種的歧視.41.Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization;desegregation.種族或宗教融合, 在社會或組織中，使不同的種族或宗教派別的人處于無限制的平等的關系中；取消種族隔離

42.The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43.Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.44.The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45.Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 語言中最小的語音單位，如英語里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b

46.polysemy: 一詞多義

47.patron saint：保護圣徒, 守護神

48.Parentese: 父母語

49.back formation: 逆構詞 脫落一詞的詞綴以構成新詞 typewriter → typewrite

50.allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme.For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme.語素變體, 語素的一種變體形式，如語音學的中之 s在 cats中，z在 dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，還有 en在 oxen中都是英語復數語素的語素變體.美國地理概況

The Fall Line瀑布線：A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.瀑布線指的是瀑布急速地從高處向低處流瀉的點。

The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亞山脈：1200 miles long，consists of the Piedmont Plateau, Appalachian Plateaus and Appalachian Range.阿巴拉契亞山脈全場1200英里，由皮德蒙特高原、阿巴拉契亞高原及阿巴拉契亞山脈組成。

The Cordillera Range科迪勒拉山脈：Composed of the Coast Range, the Cascades and the Rocky Mountains.科迪勒拉山脈由海岸山脈、卡斯卡德山以及洛基山組成。

The Great Basin大盆地：The Part between the Colorado and Columbia Plateaus.指的是科羅拉多和哥倫比亞高地之間的部分。

The Great Central Plain中部大平原：The land mass between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians.指的是洛基山和阿巴拉伊亞山之間的平原。

The Great Plain大平原：The western part of the central plain.大平原：指的是中部平原以西的部分。

The Mississippi River密西西比河：The longest, the most important river in the U.S.A..It has a drainage area of 3225000 square kilometers.密西西比河是美國最長、最重要的河流。它的流域面積達3225000平方公里。

The Five Great Lakes北美五大湖：Lake Michigan, Superior, Erie, Huron and Ontario.北美五太湖指的是密歇根湖、蘇必利爾湖、伊利湖、休倫湖以及安大略湖。

The Niagara Falls尼亞加拉瀑布：Famous falls in North America, 1240 meters wide, the drop averages 49 meters.尼亞加拉瀑布是北美最著名的瀑布，有1240米寬，平均落差為49米。

Yellow stone National Park黃石國家公園：Located in the northern part of Wyoming.It is the oldest national park in the world and the largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.A.黃石國家公園位于懷俄明州的北部地區。是世界上最古老的國家公園，是美國最大的野生保護區。

Grand Canyon大峽谷：In northern Arizona, one of the great natural wonders of the world.It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide, and more than a mile deep.Its walls show layers that tell the story of the formation of the earth.大峽谷在亞利桑那州的北部，是世界上最偉大的自然奇跡之一。它約有277英里長，18英里寬，約1英里深。它的墻壁斷層記錄了地球形成的過程。

Old Faithful老忠實噴泉：The most famous gayer in Yellowstone National Park, erupting more than l00 feet in the air about every 73 minutes.老忠實噴泉是黃石國家公園最著名的噴泉，每73分鐘向空中噴水100英尺多高。

Chinatown唐人街：An area in a city where many Chinese people live and where are Chinese shops, restaurants, clubs;two, important Chinatowns: New York City and San Francisco.唐人街是許多中國人生活、居住的地區，那里有許多中國店鋪、飯店、夜總會。兩條最重要的唐人街分別在紐約和舊金山。

Indian Reservation印第安保留地：It refers to the barren desert regions where only Indians live exclusively.印第安保留地指的是專門給印第安人居住的貧瘠的沙漠地區。New England新英格蘭：It consists of six states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.This region is featured with mountains, valleys, rivers.新英格蘭由六個州組成：緬因州、新罕布什爾州、佛蒙特州、馬薩諸塞州、羅德島州以及康涅狄格。這個地區主要以多山、多山谷、河流為特征。

The Mountain States山地諸州：Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico.山地諸州指的是蒙大拿州、懷俄明州、科羅拉多州以及新墨西哥州。

The Pacific Coast States太平洋沿岸諸州：Washington, Oregon and California.太平洋沿岸諸州包括華盛頓州、俄勒岡州以及加利弗尼亞州。

Mount McKinley 麥金利山：6187 meters high, on the middle of the Alaska, the highest peak on this continent.麥金利山高達6187米。在阿拉斯加的中部。是這片大陸上最高的山峰。

Pearl Harbor 珍珠港：The base of the Pacific Fleet of the U.S.A.near the city of Honolulu in Hawaii.珍珠港是美國太平洋艦隊的基地，在夏威夷的火奴魯魯市附近。

加拿大地理概況

Canada is the world's second largest country after Russia.60% of the population in Canada inhabit in the area between Quebec city and the western end of Lake Ontario.加拿大是世界上幅員第二大的國家,大約60%的人口集中在魁北克市與安大略省西端。Toronto多倫多:Toronto is Canada's largest city and the provincial Capital of Ontario.多倫多是安大略省的省會,加拿大經濟中心,第一大城市。

Ottawa渥太華:Ottawa is the capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest city.It is located in the Ottawa Valley in the eastern part of the province of Ontario.加拿大首都,第四大城市,地處安大略省東部的安大略谷。

Vancouver溫哥華:Vancouver is British Columbia’s largest city and the third largest city in Canada.It is an important ice-free harbor and the major Canadian outlet to the Pacific Ocean and the largest cargo port on the Pacific.不列顛哥倫比亞省的最大城市,也是加拿大第三大城市。它是加拿大一個非常重要的不凍港,而且是加拿大通往太平洋的主要通道,太平洋最大的貨運港口。

Quebec魁北克省:Quebec is the largest province in Canada geographically, and the second most populous, after Ontario.It differs from the other provinces of Canada because of its strong French culture.Montreal, the second largest city of Canada, is located in this province.The Quebec city is the center of the province.魁北克省是加拿大最大的省,人口僅次于安大略省。法國文化的強烈影響使它與其他省區不一樣。加拿大第二大城市蒙特利爾位于該省。其中心是位于圣勞倫斯河上的魁北克城。The Canadian Shield加拿大地盾:The Canadian Shield is a semicircle band of rocky highlands and plateaus around the Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic shores of the Northwest Territories.The Shield covers almost half of the Canadian territory.這是圍繞哈得孫海灣的一塊半圓形多石高低和高原,從魁北克省的北部海岸一直延伸到西北自治領的北極沿岸。幾乎加拿大的一半面積在加拿大地盾一帶。

Mount Logan 洛跟峰:Mount Logan is the highest peak in Canada and is located in the Yukon Territory of northwest Canada.加拿大最高峰,位于加拿大西北部的育空地區。

The Mackenzie River 馬更些河:The Mackenzie River is the longest river in Canada, flowing between the Canadian Shield and the Rocky Mountains.馬更些河是加拿大最長的河流,流經加拿大地盾與西部落基山脈之間,全長1600公里。英國地理概況

The English Channel: The Channel is a narrow sea passage which separates England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean and North Sea.英吉利海峽:英吉利海峽是一道狹長的海峽,分割英法兩國,連接大西洋和北海。The Dee estuary: A small sea(in Irish Sea)where the Dee River enters.迪河河口:是迪河流入的一個小海。

“The Act of Union of 1801”: In 1801 the English Parliament passed an act by which Scotland, Wales and the Kingdom of England were constitutionally joined as the Kingdom of Great Britain.1801合并法:1801年英國議會通過法令,規定英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士根據憲法合并成為大不列顛王國。

Gaelic: It is one of the Celtic Language, and is spoken in parts of the Highlands.蓋爾語:是蓋爾特語言的一種,在高地地區仍有人說這種語言。

The “backbone of England”: It refers to the Pennies, the board ridge of hills.英格蘭脊梁:指的是山脈的背脊。

Lead ore: British lead ores have been worked since pre-Roman times.It contains silver.鉛礦:自前羅馬時代開始,英國的鉛礦就被開發了。內含銀。

China clay: The deposits of china clay in Cornwall are of great economic value.瓷土:康沃爾的瓷土沉淀帶來了巨大的經濟價值。

專八人文英國美國文學作者及作品

英國文學

1、Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利?喬叟1340-1400 長詩：The House of Fame聲譽之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特羅勒斯與克麗西德

小說：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英國文學史上現實主義第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主義思想的作家，現實主義文學的奠基人）

2、William Shakespeare莎士比亞1564-1616 The Tempest暴風風雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz維羅納二紳士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor溫莎的風流婦人;Measure for Measure惡有惡報;The Comedy of Errors錯中錯;Much Ado about Nothing無事自擾;Love’s Labour’s Lost空愛一場;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之夢;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew馴悍記;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大歡喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third約翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脫愛勒斯與克萊西達;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利歐雷諾斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯?安莊尼克斯;Romeo and Julet羅密歐與朱麗葉；Timon of Athens雅典的泰門;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯?凱撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麥克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子復仇記;King Lear李爾王;Othello奧塞羅;Antony and Cleopatra安東尼與克利歐佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis維諾斯?阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行詩

3、Francis Bacon培根1561-1626 Advancement of Learning學術的進展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西島;Essays論文集（Of Studies論學習;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self）

4、John Milton約翰?彌爾頓1608-1674 L‘Allegro歡樂的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科馬斯;Lycidas列西達斯;Areopagitica論出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense為英國人民聲辯;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再為英國人民聲辯;Paradise Lost失樂園;Paradise Regained復樂園;Samson Agonistes力士參孫

5、John Bunyan班揚1628-1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress天路歷程;The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生

6、Joseph Addison艾迪生 詩：The Campaign 遠征； 劇本：Cato加圖 名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的歷險

7、Richard Steele理查德?斯梯爾1672-1729 The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club旁觀者俱樂部

8、Danniel Defoe丹尼爾?迪福1660-1731（標志著近代英國小說的形成）

Hymn to the Pillory枷刑頌;Robinson Crusoe魯賓孫飄流記;Captain Singleton辛格頓船長;Moll Flanders莫爾弗蘭德斯;A Journal of the Plague Year大疫年日記

9、Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745 The Battle of Books書的戰爭;A Tale of A Tub一個木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的書信;A Modest Proposal一個溫和的建議;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游記(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of the Houyhnhnms小人國/大人國/拉普他等地/智馬國游記)

10、Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744 Pastorals田園詩集;An Essay on Criticism批評論;Windsor Forest溫莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷發遇劫記;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德論;An Essay on Man人論;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot與阿布斯諾博士書

11、Henry Fielding亨利?菲爾丁1707-1754（英國現實主義小說的奠基者）劇本：The Coffeehouse Politician咖啡屋政客;Don Quixote in England堂?吉訶德在英國;The Historical Register for the Year歷史記事

長篇小說：The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews,and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams約瑟?安德魯傳;The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild the Great大偉人江奈生?魏爾德傳;The History of Tom Jones,a Foundling湯姆?瓊斯;Amelia阿美利亞

12、Samuel Johnson塞繆爾?約翰生1709-1784 A Dictionary of the Engligh Language英語語言辭典;Lives of Poets詩人傳;Vanity of Human Wishes人類欲望的虛幻;Rasselas拉塞勒斯

名文：Letter to Lord Chesterfield給吉士菲爾伯爵的信

13、Oliver Goldsmith哥爾斯密1728-1774 The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲爾德牧師傳;The Citizen of the World世界公民;The Deserted荒村;She Stoops to Conquer屈身求愛;The Rivals情敵 ；The School for Scsanda造謠學校

14、William Blake布萊克1757-1827 Poetical Sketches素描詩集;Songs of Innocence天真之歌;Songs of Experience經驗之歌The French Revolution法國革命;The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂與地獄的婚姻;America;Milton;Jerusalem 名詩：London;The Tiger

15、Robert Burns彭斯1759-1796 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect蘇格蘭方言詩集

名詩：The Tree of Liberty自由村;Scots Wha-Hae蘇格蘭人;The Two Dogs兩只狗;Holy Willie’s Prayer威利長老的祈禱;My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心呀在高原;A Red,Red Rose一朵紅紅的玫瑰;John Anderson約翰?安德生,My Jo;A Man’s A Man for A’That不管身在何處都須保持尊嚴;Robert Bruce’s March to Bannockburn

16、William Wordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770-1850 An Evening Walk黃昏漫步;Lyrical Ballads抒情歌謠集（與柯勒律治合編）;Lucy Poems露西組詩(She Dwett Among the Untrodden Ways;To the Cuckoo杜鵑頌;I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud;The Solitary Reaper孤寂的刈麥人);Ode on Intimations of Immorality不朽頌;Ode to Duty義務頌;The Excursion遠足;The Prelude序曲

17、Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads;The Fall of the Bastille巴士底獄的毀滅;The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫;Kubla Khan忽必烈汗;Biographia Literaria文學傳記

18、Walter Scott瓦爾特?司各特1771-1832 詩：The Minstrlsy of the Scottish Border蘇格蘭邊區歌謠集;Marimion瑪里恩;The Lady of the Lake湖上夫人

小說：Waverley威弗利;Guy Mannering蓋?曼納令;Rob Roy羅布羅伊;The Heart of Midlothian米德洛西恩監獄;Ivanhoe艾凡赫;Kenilworth坎尼爾華斯;Woodstock皇家獵館;Queentin Durward昆廷?達沃

19、Jane Austin簡?奧斯丁1775-1817 Pride and Prejudice傲慢與偏見;Sense and Sensibility理智與情感;Emma愛瑪;Mansfield Park曼斯菲爾德公園;Persuasion好事多磨;Northanger Abbey諾桑覺寺

20、Charles Lamb查爾斯?蘭姆1775-1834 Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亞故事集;Alburn Verses詩集;Essay of Elia伊利亞散文集(Dream Children夢中兒女;A Dissertation unpon Roast Pig烤豬論;Old China古瓷;New Year’s Eve除夕;The Praise of Chimney Sweepers掃煙囪童工贊;The Superannuated Man領取養老金的人;A Bachelor’s Complaint of the Behavior of Married People單身漢對結過婚的人的行為的抱怨)

21、William Hazlitt威廉?赫茲里特1778-1830 Characters of Shakespeare’s Plays莎劇中的人物;A View of the English Stage英國舞臺一瞥;Lecture on the English Poets論英國詩人;The Spirit of the Age時代精神;Sketches and Essays素描與隨筆;Table Talk桌邊文談

名文：On Familiar Style

22、George Gordon Byron喬治?拜倫1788-1824 Hours of Idliness懶散的時刻;English Bords and Scottish Reviewers英國詩人與蘇格蘭評論家;Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage,Cantos I and II,Canto III 1818恰羅德?哈羅德游記;Ode to the Framers of the Frame-bill編織機法案編制者頌;Oriental Tales東方敘事詩(The Bride of Abydos阿比道斯的新娘;The Corsa海盜;The Siege of Corinth柯林斯之圍);Manfred曼弗雷德;The Age of Bronze青銅世紀;Don Juan唐?璜

名詩：She Walks in Beauty;The Isles of Greece

23、Percy Bysshe Shelley波西?比希?雪萊1792-1822 Queen Mab麥布女王;Prometheus Unbound解放了的普羅米修斯;Adonais阿東尼斯;The Cenci欽契;Song to the Men of England致英國人民;England in 1819;The Masque of Anarchy專制魔王的化裝游行;Ode to the West Wind/a Skylark西風/云雀頌;A Defence of Poetry詩辯

24、John Keats約翰?濟茲1795-1821 Endymion恩底彌翁;Isabella伊莎貝拉;The Eve of Sanit Agnes圣愛尼節前夜;Ode on a Grecian Urn希臘古甕頌;Ode to a Nightingale夜鶯頌;To Autumn秋頌;Hyperion赫披里昂（未完成）

25、Thomas Hood胡德1799-1845 The Song of the Shirt襯衫之歌;The Bridge of Sighs悲嘆之橋;Miss Kilmansegg and Her Precious Leg基爾曼塞格小姐和她貴重的腿

26、Ernest Jones瓊斯1819-1869 小說：The Women’s Wrongs婦女們的委屈 名詩：The Song of the Lower Class;The Song of the Future

27、Afred Tennyson丁尼生1809-1892 Poems of Two Brothers壎篪;Timbuctoo提姆巴克圖;The Pricess公主;In Memoriam H H悼念哈拉姆;Maud毛黛;Enoch Arden伊諾克?阿登;Idylls of the King國王之歌

名詩：Ulysses;The Eagle;Break,Break,Break

28、Robert Browning 勃朗寧1812-1889 Paracelsus巴拉塞爾士;Strafford斯特拉福;Pippa Passes比芭走過;Dramatic Lyrics戲劇抒情詩;Dramatic Romances and Lyrics戲劇傳奇與抒情詩(Home Thoughts;From Abroad;Prospice向前看);Dramatic Personae登場人物;Men and Women男男女女

29、Elizabeth Barrel Browning 1806-1861 Sonnets from the Portuguese葡萄牙十四行詩;The Cry of the Children 30、Charles Dickens狄更斯1812-1870 The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外傳;Oliver Twist奧利弗?退斯特;American Notes美國札記;Martin Chuzzlewit馬丁?朱述爾維特;The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店;Dombey and Son董貝父子;David Copperfield大衛?科波菲爾;Hard Times艱難時世;A Tale of Two Cities雙城記;Great Expectation遠大前程

31、William MakepeaceThackery薩克雷1811-1863 The Book of Snobs勢利者集;Vanity Fair名利場;History of Pendennis潘丹尼斯的歷史;The History of Henry Esmond亨利?艾斯芒的歷史;The Newcomes紐可謨一家;The Virginians弗吉尼亞人

32、Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell蓋斯凱爾1810-1865 Mary Barton瑪麗?巴頓;Ruth露斯;Cranford克蘭弗德;North and South北與南;Life of Charlote Bronte夏洛蒂勃郎特傳

33、Charlote/Emily/Anne Bronte夏洛蒂/愛米麗/安妮?勃郎特1816-1855 Jane Eyre簡愛;Shirley雪麗/ Wuthering Height呼嘯山莊/ Agones Grey艾格尼斯?格雷

34、George Eliot愛略特1819-1880 Adam Bede亞當?貝德;The Mill on the Floss弗洛斯河上的磨坊；Silas Marner織工馬南;Middlemarch米德爾馬契;Felix Holt,the Radical

35、Thomas Carlyle卡萊爾1795-1881 Sartor Resartus衣裳哲學/舊衣新裁;The Life of Schiller席勒傳;The French Revolution;Heroes and Hero-worship論英雄與英雄崇拜

36、George Meredith梅瑞狄斯1828-1909 詩：Modern Love;Poems and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth大地歡歌

小說：The Ordeal of Richard Feverel理查德?法弗爾的考驗；The Egoist利己主義者;Diana of the Crossways彷徨中的戴安娜;The Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit喜劇的概念與喜劇精神的作用

37、William Morris莫里斯1834-1896 詩：The Earthly Paradise地上樂園;Chants of Socialism社會主義歌集;Pilgrims of Hope希望的探求者

小說：A Dream of John Ball夢見給翰?保爾;News from Nowher烏有鄉消息

38、Samuel Butler勃特勒1835-1902 The Way of All Flesh如此人生;Erewhon埃瑞璜;Erewhon Revisited重游埃瑞璜

39、Thomas Hardy哈代1840-1928 Under the Greenwood Tree綠茵下;Far from the Madding Crowd遠離塵囂;The Return of the Native還鄉;The Mayor of Casterbridge卡斯特橋市長;Tess of the D’urbervilles德伯家的苔絲;Jude the Obscure無名的裘德 詩集：Wessex Poems 威塞克斯詩集 史詩劇：The Dynasts統治者三部曲

40、Robert Couis Stevenson史蒂文生1850-1894 小說：New Arabian Nights新天方夜譚;Treasure Island寶島;The Strange Case of Dr Jeykell and Mr Hyde化身博士;Kidnapped誘拐 游記：An Inland Voyage內陸游記;Travels with a Donkey in the Cevennes騎驢旅行;A Child’s Garden of Verses兒童詩園

41、Isabella Augusta Gregory/Perse格葛瑞/珀斯1852-1932 The Travelling Man旅行者;Spreading the News道聽途說;Hyachinth Halvey海欽斯?哈爾威;The Gaol Gate監牢之門;The Rising of the Moon月亮上升的時候

42、Oscar Wilde王爾德1856-1900 長篇小說：The Picture of Dorian Gray道林?格雷的畫像

童話：The Happy Prince and Other Tales快樂王子

詩集：De Prafundis慘痛的呼聲;The Ballad of Reading Gaol累丁獄之歌

劇作：Lady Windermere’s Fan溫德米爾夫人的扇子;A Woman of No Importance一個無足輕重的婦女;An Ideal Husband理想丈夫;The Importance of Being Earnest埃耐斯特的重要性

43、George Bernard Shaw蕭伯納1856-1950 長篇小說：An Unsocial Socialist業余社會主義者 評論：Quintessence of Ibsenism 劇本：Widoer’s Houses鰥夫的房產;Mrs Warren’s Profession華倫夫人的職業The Devil’s Disciple魔鬼的門徒;Man and Superman人與超人;John Bull’s Other Island英國佬的另一個島;Major Barbara巴巴拉少校;Pygmalion劈克美梁;Heartbreak House傷心之家;The Apple Cart蘋果車;Too True to be Good真相畢露

44、George Gissing吉辛1857-1903 小說：Demos民眾;New Crub Srreet新窮士街;Born in Eile在流放中誕生;The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft拉伊克羅夫特的日記（散文）;Charles Dickens:A Critical Study狄更斯研究

45、Joseph Conrad康拉德1859-1924 長篇小說：Almayer’s Folly奧爾邁耶的愚蠢;The Nigger of the Narcissus水仙號上的黑鬼;Lord Jim吉姆老爺;Nostromo諾斯特羅莫;The Secret Agent間諜;Chance機緣;Victory勝利

短篇小說：An Outpost of Progress文明的前哨;Heart of Darkness黑暗的中心;Youth青春

46、Joseph Rudyard Kipling羅德雅德?吉卜林1865-1936 詩集：Barrak Room Ballad營房詩集;The Seven Seas七海;Recession and Other Poems贊美詩及其他;The Five Nations五國

長篇小說：Kim基姆;Captain Courageous勇敢的船長

短篇小說：Plain Tales from the Hills;Soldiers There;The Story of the Gadsby;Life Handcap生命的阻力;The Jungle Book;The Second Jungle Book林莽之書;The Lost Legion

47、William Butler Yeats葉芝1865-1939 詩：Respondibilities責任;The Tower塔;The Winding Stair盤旋的樓梯

名詩：A Deap Sworn Vow;Easter 1916 劇本：The Land of Heart’s Desire理想的國土;The Hour Glass時漏;Dedidre黛德爾 Autobiographies自傳三部曲;Essays and Introduction

48、Herbert George Wells威爾斯1866-1946 科幻小說：The Time Machine時間機器;The Island of Dr Morau莫洛博士島;The Invisible Man隱身人;When the Sleeper Waked;The Shape of Things to Come未來事物的面貌 An Outline of World Histrory 世界史綱 社會生活小說：Tono Bungay托諾?班格;Ann Veronica安?維羅尼卡;Kipps基普斯

49、Enoch Arnord Bennett阿諾德?本涅特1867-1931 A Man from the North北方人;Anna of the Five Towns五鎮上的安娜;The Old Wives’ Tale老婦譚;Clayhanger克萊亨厄 劇本：Milestones;How to Live Twentyfour Hours a Day 50、John Galworthy高爾斯華綏1867-1933 From the Four Winds天涯海角(The Man of Property有產業的人;In Chancery騎虎難下;To Let出租→The Forsyte Saga福爾塞世家);(The White Monkey白猿;The Silver Spoon銀匙;Swan Song天鵝曲→A Modern Comedy現代喜劇)劇作：The Silver Box銀匣;Strife斗爭

51、Saki薩奇（Hector Hugh Munro孟柔）1870-1916 短篇小說集：Reginald雷金納德;Reginald in Russia;The Chronicles of Clovis克洛維斯記事;Beats and Super-beats;The Toys of Peace;The Square Egg方蛋 名文：Dusk

52、Edward Morgan Forster福斯特1879-1970 長篇小說：Where Angels Fear to Tread天使們忘而卻步的地方;The Longest Journey最漫長的旅程;A Room with a View可以遠眺的地方;A Passage to India印度之行 短篇小說集：The Eternal Moment永恒的時刻

散文集：Abinger Harvest在阿賓格村的收獲;Two Cheers for Democracy

53、John Millington Synge沁孤1871-1909 The Playboy of the Western World西方世界的花花公子;Riders to the Sea騎馬下海的人們;Deridre of Sorrows悲傷的黛達爾;In the Shade of the Glen在幽谷的陰影下;The Tinker’s Wedding補鍋匠的婚禮

54、Bertrand Russell羅素1872-1970 Road to Freedom到自由之路;Marriage and Morals婚姻與自由;Mysticism and Logic神秘主義與邏輯;Sceptical Essays懷疑論集;The Analysis of Mind心理分析;History of Western Philosophy西方哲學史;Priccipia Mathematica數學原理;A Free Man’s Worship

短篇小說：Satan in the Suburbs撒旦在郊區;Portraits from Memory回憶中的畫像

55、William Somerset Maugham毛姆1874-1965 小說：Liza of Lambeth蘭貝思的莉莎;Of Human Bondage人類枷鎖;Cakes and Ale尋歡作樂;The Moon and Six Pence月亮與六便士 短篇小說：Complete Short Stories短篇小說集

劇本：Smith;The Circle;Our Betters位居我們之上的人們

56、John Masefield梅斯菲爾德1878-1967 詩：Salt-Water Ballads海上歌謠;The Everlasting Mercy永久的仁慈;The Widow in the Bye Street小街的寡婦;The Daffodil Fields水仙田;Reynard the Fox狐貍雷納德

小說：Captain Margaret;Multitude and Solitude群與獨;Sard Harker薩德?哈克爾 劇本：The Locked Chest

57、Giles Lytton Strachey斯特雷奇1880-1932 傳記：Emiment Victorians維多利亞時代的杰出人物;Queen Victoria 評論集：Land-marks in French Literature;Books and Characters

58、Sean O’casey肖恩?奧凱西1880-1964 劇本：The Shadow of a Gunman槍手的影子;Juno and the Peacock裘諾與孔雀;The Plough and the Stars犁與星;The Star Turns Red;Red Roses for Me給我紅玫瑰

自傳體小說：I Knock at the Door我敲門;Pictures in the Hallway門廳里的圖畫;Drums under Windows窗下鼓聲;Inishfallen,Fare Thee Well英尼希法倫，再見;Rose and Crown;Sunset and Evening Star日落與金星

59、James Joyce喬伊斯1882-1941 短篇小說：Dubiners都柏林人

長篇小說：A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man青年藝術家的畫像;Ulysess尤利西斯;Finnegans Wake芬尼根的覺醒

60、Virginia Woolf沃爾芙1882-1941 長篇小說：Mrs Dalloway達洛威夫人;To the Lighthouse到燈塔去;Orlando奧蘭多傳;The Waves浪;Flush弗樂希;Between the Acts幕間

散文集：The Common Readers;The Death of the Moth and Other Essays;A Room of One’s Own;Three Guineas三個基尼亞

名文：Modern Fiction現代小說 日記：A Writer’s Diary

61、David Herbert Lawrence勞倫斯1885-1930 The White Peacock白孔雀;Sons and Lovers兒子與情人;The Reinbow虹;Women in Love戀愛中的婦女;Lady Chatterley’s Lover查泰萊夫人的情人

62、Katherine Mansfield曼斯菲爾德1888-1923 In a German Pension在一個德國公寓里;Blis幸福;The Garden Party園會;The Dove’s Nest鴿巢;Something Childish幼稚集 63、Thomas Stearns Eliot艾略特1888-1965 詩集：Prufrock and Other Observation普魯夫洛克及其他;The Waste Land荒原;The Hollow Men空虛的人們;Ash-Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters 詩劇：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂里的謀殺案;The Family Reunion團圓

評論集：The Sacred Wood圣林;Homage to John Dryden向約翰?德萊頓致敬;For Lancelot Andrews紀念蘭斯洛特?安德魯斯

64、Aldous Leonard Huxley赫胥黎1894-1963 Antic Hay滑稽的環舞;Point Counter Point旋律和對立;Brave New World新奇的世界;Letters書信集;Ape and Essence猿與本質;Eyeless in Gaza加沙的盲人;After Many a Summer多少個夏天之后;The Doors of Perception感覺之門;Fairy Godmother天使教母(←Two or Three Graces雅事二三)65、John Boynton Priesley普里斯特利1899-小說：The English Comic Characters英國喜劇從物;The English Novel英國小說;The Good Companions好伙伴;Angel Pavement天使街;They Walk in the City;他們走在城市中；Let the People Sing讓人們歌唱 劇本：Dangerous Corner危險的轉角;Time and the Conways時代與康威一家;In Inspector Calls罪惡之家;When We Are Married;The Linden Tree普提樹;Summer Day’s Dream夏日夢 66、Hugh MacDiarmid麥克迪爾米德1892-1978 Sangshaw詩歌集;A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle醉漢看薊;First/Second/Third Hymn to Lenin;In Memoriam James Joyce悼念喬伊斯;Collected Poems 名詩：Why I Choose Red;Moonlight Among;The Pines;Third Hymn to Lenin 67、Ivor Armstrong Richards理查茲1893-1979 Principles of Literary Criticism文學批評原理;Science and Poetry;Practical Criticism實用批評;Coleidge on Imagination柯爾律治論想象;The Philosophy of Rhetoric修辭哲學;Basic in Teaching :East and West教學基礎（The Four Kinds of Meaning）;Basic English and It’s Uses基礎英語及其應用

68、Leshe Poles Hartley哈特利1895-1972 短篇小說集：Night Fears and Other Stories黑夜的恐懼及其他故事(The Killing Bottle致命瓶;The White Wand白色魔杖)論文集：The Novelist’s Responsibility

長篇小說：Eustace and Hilda優斯塔斯與希爾達三部曲(The Shrimp and the Anemone蝦與海葵);The Go-Between信使;The Hireling傭工；Facial Justice表面正義;The Boat;A Perfect Woman一個完美的女人;The Betrayal背叛;My Sister’s Keeper妹妹的監護人 69、Elizabeth Bowen鮑恩1899-1973 The Hotel旅舍;The House in Paris巴黎寓所;The Death of the Heart心死;The Heat of the Day炎日 短篇小說集：Look at All Those Roses(Tears ,Idle Tears)70、Victor Sawdon Pritchett普里徹特1900-短篇小說：The Sailor水手;The Sense of Humour幽默感;Mr Beluncle貝倫克爾先生

游記：The Spanish Temper西班牙性格 評論集：Books in General書籍泛談

自傳：A Cab at the Door:A Memoir馬車在家門口：回憶錄； Midnight Oil挑燈夜談 71、George Orwell奧威爾1903-1950 小說：Down and Out in Paris and London巴黎倫敦落魄記;Homage to Catalonia向坎塔羅尼亞致敬;Animal Farm獸園;Nineteen Eighty-Four 散文集：Dickens,Dali and Others狄更斯，達里及其他;Shooting on Elephant and Other Essays獵象記及其他;The Collected Essays,Journalism and Letters of George Orwell in Four Volumes奧威爾散文，新聞寫作及書信集 名文：Lear Tolstoy and The Fool 72、Frank O’connor奧康納1903-1966 論文集：The Lonely Voice:A Study of the Short Story寂寞之聲：短篇小說研究

自傳：An Only Son獨生子;My Father’s Son;The Backward Look:A Survey of Irish Literature愛爾蘭文學回顧

短篇小說集：Collection Two:Stories by Frank O’connor(Private Property私有財產)73、Evelyn Waugh伊夫林?沃1903-1966 長篇小說：Decline and Fall沒落與墮落;Vile Bodies行尸走肉;A Handful of Dust 一撮灰塵;Black Mischief黑色的禍害;Scoop挖新聞;Put out More Flags多升幾面旗;Bridgeshead Revisited重游布賴茲海德(Men at Arms行伍生涯;Officers and Gentlemen軍官與紳士;Unconditional Surrender無條件投降→The Sword of Honour榮譽之劍三部曲)自傳：A Little Learning一點學問（三部只成一部）

短篇小說集：Mr Loveday’s Little Outing and Other Sad Stories洛弗戴先生一次短暫的外出與其他悲慘故事

74、Christopher Isherwood 衣修午德1904-All the Conspirators所有的陰謀者;Mr Norris Changeds Traits諾里斯先生換火車;Sally Bowles薩利?鮑爾斯（選自《再見吧，柏林》）;Journey to a War戰地行;Prater Violet紫羅蘭姑娘;The World in the Evening夜晚的世界;Down there on A Visit在那兒進行訪問;A Single Man單身漢;A Meeting by the River河畔相會

75、Graham Greene格雷厄姆?格林1904-消遣：Stamboul Train斯坦布爾列車;A Gun for Sale一支出賣的槍;Our Man in Havana我們在哈瓦納的人

嚴肅：The Power and the Glory權力與榮譽;The Heart of the Matter問題的核心;The End of the Affair愛情的結局;The Quiet American;The Comedians喜劇演員;The Human Favor人的因素

76、Charles Percy Snow斯諾1905-1980 Strangers and Brothers陌生人與兄弟們;The Light and the Dark光明與黑暗;Time of Hope希望的時刻;The Masters院長們;The New Men新人;Homecoings歸家;The Conscience of the Rich富人的良心;The Affairs事件;Corridors of Power權力走廊;The Sleep of Reason理智沉眠;Last Things結局

77、Peter Courtney Quennell昆納爾1905-Byron:The Year of Fame拜倫：盛名時期;Byron in Italy;Byron:A Self-Portrait拜倫：一幅自我畫像;A History of English Literature;Four Portraits:Studies of the 18th Century四幅畫像：關于十八世紀的研究

78、William Empson燕卜蓀1906-詩集：Poems;The Gathering Storm醞釀中的風暴;Collected Poems 名詩：Legal Fiction;Homage to the British Museum 論著：Seven Types of Ambiguity晦澀的七種類型;Some Versions of Pastoral田園詩的幾種變化；The Structure of Complex Words復合詞的結構

79、Wystan Hugh Auden奧登1907-1973 詩集：Poems;The Orators雄辯家;Look,Stranger!瞧，陌生人;Spain 詩劇：The Dog Beneath the Skin皮下之狗;The Ascent,F6攀登F6;On the Frontier邊界上

The Sea and the Mirror海與鏡;The Age of Anxiety憂慮時代;The Shield of Achilles阿基琉斯的盾牌;Homage to Clio向克奧女神致敬;About the House屋子內外 散文評論集：The Dyer’s Hand染工之手;Secondary World次要的世界 名詩：Who’s Who;The Unknown Citizen;Their Lonely Betters

80、William Golding戈爾丁1911-長篇小說：Lord of the Flies蠅王;The Inheritors繼承人;Pincher Martin平卻?馬丁;The Spire塔尖;The Pyramid金字塔

81、Angus Wilson威爾遜1913-小說：The Wrong Set and Other Storie亂了套和其他短篇故事s;Anglo-Saxon Attitudes盎格魯撒克遜態度;The Middle Age of Mrs Eliot艾略特夫人的中年;The Old Men at the Zoo;Late Call夜訪;As if by Magic象是用了魔術 評論：Emile Zole愛彌爾?佐拉;The World of Charles Dickens;The Strange Ride of Rudyard Kipling吉卜林的奇異旅程

82、Dylon Thomas迪倫?托馬斯1914-1953 詩：Eighteen Poems;The Map of Love愛的地圖;Deaths and Entrances死亡與出場;Collected Poems 自傳：Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog作為一條小狗的藝術家畫像 廣播劇：Under the Milk Wood 名詩：Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night 83、Muriel Sarah Spark斯帕克1918-The Comforter安慰者;The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie瓊?布羅迪小姐的黃金時代;The Diver’s Seat司機的座位;The Abbess of Crewe克魯女修道院院長;Loitering with Intent存心游戲;Collected Stories I短篇小說集

（一）84、Richard Lessing多麗絲?萊辛1919-The Grass is Singing草兒在歌唱;Children of Violence暴力和孩子們(Martha Quest瑪莎?金奎特;A Proper Marriage正當的婚姻;A Ripple from the Storm暴風雨掀起的漣漪;Landlocked被陸地圍住的;The Four-gated City四門城);The Golden Notebook金色筆記;Briefing for a Descent into Hell墮入地獄簡況;The Summer before the Dark 85、Iris Murdoch默多克1919-Under the Net在網下;The Bel鐘l;A Severed Head砍掉的頭;The Black Prince黑衣王子;The Sea,The Sea大海啊，大海

86、Philip Larkin拉金1922-詩：The North Ship北方船;Jill;A Girl in Winter 詩集：The Less Deceived受騙較少的人;The Whitsun Weddings降靈節婚禮;High Windows高窗

名詩：Church Going;Reason for Attendance 87、Kingsley Amis 金斯萊?艾米斯1922-小說：Lucky Jim幸運的吉姆;My Enemy’s Enemy我的敵人的敵人;One Fat Englishman一個英國胖子;That Uncertain Feeling那種不安感;Take a Girl Like You愛你這樣的姑娘;Ending up死

88、John Wain韋恩1925-長篇小說：Hurry on Down大學后的漂泊;Living in the Present生活在當代;The Contenders競爭者;Strike the Father Dead打死父親;A Winter in the Hills山中寒冬

短篇小說集：The Life Guard救生員

89、Brian Wilson Aldiss奧爾迪斯1925-The Brightfountain Diaries明泉日記;The Billion Year Spree:The History of Science Fiction科幻小說史;Best SF Stories of Brian W Aldiss奧爾迪斯最佳科幻故事集(Outside外界)90、Alan Sillitoe西利托1928-Saturday Night and Sunday Morning;The General;Key to the Door;A Tree on Fire;A Start in Life一位長跑運動員的孤獨;The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner撿破爛人的女兒;The Ragman’s Daughter;The Windower’s Son 91、John Osborne奧斯本1929-Look back in Anger憤怒的回顧;Lurther;Inadmissible Evidence不能接受的證據;Time Present and Hotel in Amsterdam目前和阿姆斯特丹的旅館

92、Ted Hughs特德?休斯1930-The Hawk in the Rain雨中鷹;Lupercal盧潑卡爾神(Hawk of Roosting);Scapegoats and Rabies替罪羊與狂犬病;Wodwo沃德沃怪物;Crow烏鴉 Songs of Woe哀歌

93、Arnold Wesker韋斯克1932-劇本：The Wesker Triology韋斯克三部曲(Chicken Soup with Barley大麥雞湯;Roots;I’m Talking about Jerusalem0;The Four Seasons;The Friends;The Journalists新聞記者;Caritas Christi卡里塔斯?克里斯蒂

94、Margaret Drabble德雷伯爾1939-小說：A Summer Bird-cage夏日的鳥籠;The Garrick Year茄立克年;The Millstone磨石;The Needle’s Eye針眼;The Realms of Gold黃金世界;The Ice Age冰期

美國文學

1、Benjamin Franklin本杰明?富蘭克林1706-1790 A Modest Inquiry into the Nature and Necessity of a Paper Money;Poor Richard’s Almanack窮查理歷書；The Way to Wealth致富之道；The Autobiography自傳

2、Thomas Paine托馬斯?潘恩1737-1809 The Case of the Officers of Excise稅務員問題；Common Sense常識；American Crisis美國危機；Rights of Man人的權利：Downfall of Despotism專制體制的崩潰；The Age of Reason理性時代

3、Philip Freneau菲利普?弗倫諾1752-1832 The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；The British Prison Ship英國囚船；To the Memory of the Brave Americans紀念美國勇士-----同類詩中最佳；The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金銀花；The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殯葬地

4、Washington Irving華盛頓?歐文1783-1859 A History of New York紐約的歷史-----美國人寫的第一部詼諧文學杰作；The Sketch Book見聞札記The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的傳說-----使之成為美國第一個獲得國際聲譽的作家；Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布里奇田莊；Talks of Travellers旅客談；The Alhambra阿爾罕伯拉

5、James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯?費尼莫爾?庫珀1789-1851 The Spy間諜;The Pilot領航者;The Littlepage Manuscripts利特佩奇的手稿;Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集:The Pioneer拓荒者；The Last of Mohicans最后的莫希干人;The Prairie大草原;The Pathfinder探路者;The Deerslayer殺鹿者

6、William Cullen Bryant威廉?柯倫?布萊恩特1794-1878 The Poems1821/1932詩選:To a Waterfowl致水鳥-----英語中最完美的短詩;Thanatopsis死亡隨想---受墓園派影響;The Whitefooted Deer白蹄鹿;A Forest Hymn森林賦;The Flood of Years似水流年

7、Edgar Allan Poe埃德加?愛倫?坡1809-1849（以詩為詩；永為世人共賞的偉大抒情詩人-----葉芝）Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque怪誕奇異故事集;Tales故事集;The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia萊琪兒;Annabel Lee安娜貝爾?李-----歌特風格；首開近代偵探小說先河，又是法國象征主義運動的源頭

Tamerlane and Other Poems帖木兒和其他詩;Al Araaf,Tamerlane and Minor Poems艾爾?阿拉夫，帖木兒和其他詩;The Raven and Other Poems烏鴉及其他詩:The Raven烏鴉;The City in the Sea海城;Israfel 伊斯拉菲爾;To Hellen致海倫

8、Ralf Waldo Emerson拉爾夫?沃爾多?愛默生1803-1882 Essays散文集:Nature論自然-----新英格蘭超驗主義者的宣言書;The American Scholar論美國學者;Divinity;The Oversoul論超靈;Self-reliance論自立;The Transcendentalist超驗主義者;Representative Men代表人物;English Traits英國人的特征;School Address神學院演說

Concord Hymn康考德頌;The Rhodo杜鵑花;The Humble Bee野蜂;Days日子-首開自由詩之先河

9．Nathaniel Hawthorne納撒尼爾?霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales盡人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown年輕的古德曼?布朗;The Scarlet Letter紅字;The House of the Seven Gables有七個尖角閣的房子--------心理若們羅曼史;The Blithedale Romance福谷傳奇;The Marble Faun玉石雕像

10、Henry David Threau亨利?大衛?梭羅1817-1862 Wadden,or Life in the Woods華騰湖或林中生活;Resistance to Civil Government/Civil Disobedience抵制公民政府;A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

11、Walt Whitman沃爾特?惠特曼1819-1892 Leaves of Grass草葉集:Song of the Broad-Axe闊斧之歌;I hear America Singing我聽見美洲在歌唱;When Lilacs Lost in the Dooryard Bloom’d小院丁香花開時;Democratic Vistas民主的前景;The Tramp and Strike Question流浪漢和罷工問題;Song of Myself自我之歌

12、Herman Melville赫爾曼?梅爾維爾1819-1891 Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比?迪克/白鯨；Typee泰比;Omoo奧穆;Mardi瑪地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮爾埃;Piazza廣場故事;Billy Budd比利?巴德

13、Henry Wadsworth Longfellow亨利?沃茲沃思?朗費羅1807-1882 The Song of Hiawatha海華沙之歌----美國人寫的第一部印第安人史詩;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens民謠及其他詩;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems布魯茨的鐘樓及其他詩;Tales of a Wayside Inn路邊客棧的故事---詩集：An April Day四月的一天/A Psalm of Life人生禮物/Paul Revere’s Ride保羅?里維爾的夜奔;Evangeline伊凡吉琳;The Courtship of Miles Standish邁爾斯?斯坦迪什的求婚----敘事長詩；Poems on Slavery奴役篇---反蓄奴組詩

14、John Greenleaf Whittier約翰?格林里夫?惠蒂埃1807-1892 Poems Written During the Progress of the Abolition Question廢奴問題;Voice of Freedom自由之聲;In War Time and Other Poems內戰時期所作;Snow-Bound大雪封門;The Tent on the Beach and Other Poems海灘的帳篷

Ichabod艾卡博德;A Winter Idyl冬日田園詩

15、Harriet Beecher Stowe哈麗特?比徹?斯托1811-1896 Uncle Tom’s Cabin湯姆叔叔的小屋;A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp德雷德陰暗大沼地的故事片;The Minister’s Wooing牧師的求婚;The Pearl of Orr’s Island奧爾島的珍珠;Oldtown Folks老城的人們

16、Frederick Douglass弗萊德里克?道格拉斯1817-1895 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass an American Slave弗萊德里克?道格拉斯，一個美國黑人的自述/My Bondage and My Freedom我的枷鎖與我的自由/The life and Time of Frederick Douglass弗萊德里克?道格拉斯的生平與時代

17、Emily Dickinson埃米莉?迪金森1830-1886 The Poems of Emily Dichenson埃米莉?迪金森詩集-----“Tell all the truth and tell it slant”迂回曲折的，玄學的

18、Mark Twain馬克?吐溫（Samuel Longhorne Clemens）---美國文學的一大里程碑 The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County加拉維拉縣有名的跳蛙;The Innocent’s Abroad傻瓜出國記;The Gilded Age鍍金時代;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer湯姆?索耶歷險記;The Prince and the Pauper王子與貧兒;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn哈克貝利?費恩歷險記;A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court亞瑟王宮中的美國佬;The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson傻瓜威爾遜;Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc冉?達克;The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg敗壞哈德萊堡的人 How to Tell a Story怎樣講故事---對美國早期幽默文學的總結

19、Francis Bret Harte哈特1836-1902 The Luck of Roaring Camp咆哮營的幸運兒------鄉土文學作家

20、William Dean Howells 威廉?狄恩?豪威爾斯1837-1920 The Rise of Silas Lapham賽拉斯?拉帕姆的發跡;A Modern Instance現代婚姻;A Hazard of Now Fortunes時來運轉;A Traveller from Altruia從利他國來的旅客;Through the Eye of the Needle透過針眼----烏托邦小說;Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小說創作與小說閱讀

21、Henry Adams享利?亞當斯1838-1918 History of the United States During the Administration of Jefferson and Madison(歷史著作)；The Education of Henry Adams:An Autobiography享利?亞當斯的教育

22、William James威廉?詹姆斯1842-1910(首提“意識流”理論)Principles of Psychology心理學原理；The Will to Believe信仰的意志；Pragmatism:A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking實用主義：某些舊思想方法的新名稱；The Meaning of Truth真理的意義

23、Henry James享利?詹姆斯1843-1916 小說：Daisy Miller苔瑟?米樂；The Portrait of a Lady貴婦人畫像；The Bostonians波士頓人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真貨色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鴿翼；The Ambassadors大使；The Golden Bowl金碗

評論集：French Poets and Novelists法國詩人和小說家;Hawthorne霍桑;Partial Portraits不完全的畫像;Notes and Reviews札記與評論;Art of Fiction and Other Essays小說藝術

24、Ambrose Bierce安布羅斯?畢爾斯1842-1914? 小品集：The Fiend’s Deligh魔鬼的樂趣;Nuggests and Dust Panned out in California在加利福尼亞淘出的金塊和金粉;Cobwebs from an Empty Skull來自空腦殼的蜘蛛網

短篇小說集：Tales of Soldiers and Civilians軍民故事;In the Midst of Life在人生中間;Can Such Things Be?這種事情可能嗎？The Devil’s Dictionary魔鬼詞典(The Applicant申請者)

25、Edward Bellamy愛德華?貝拉米1850-1898 Looking Backward:2000-1887回顧：從2000看1887年；Equality平等；The Duke of Sockbridge:A Romance of Shay’s Rebellion斯托克布里奇的公爵：雪司起義的故事;The Blindman’s World and Other Stories育人的世界及其他

26、Edwin Charles Markham馬卡姆1852-1940 The Man With the Hoe荷鋤人

27、Charles Waddell Chesnutt查爾斯?契斯納特1858-1932 The Conjure Woman巫女;The Wife of His Youth and Other Stories of the Color Line他青年時代的妻子(The Sheriff’s Children警長的兒女)(the pioneer of the color line);The Marrow of Tradition一脈相承

28、Hamlin Garland漢姆林?加蘭1860-1940 Crumbling Idol崩潰的偶像（真實主義veritism）;Man Travelled Roads大路(The Return of a Private三等兵歸來);Rose of Ducher’s Cooly荷蘭人山谷中的露斯;A Son of the Middle Border中部邊地農家子

29、O?Henry歐?享利（William Sidney Porter）1862-1910 The Man Higher Up黃雀在后;Sixes and Sevens七上八下

30、Edith Wharton伊迪斯?華頓1862-1937 The House of Mirth歡樂之家;Ethan Frome;Bunner Sister班納姐妹;The Age of Innocent天真時代;The Customs of the Country鄉村習俗;A Backward Glance回首往事

32、George Santayana桑塔亞那1863-1952 Scepticism and Animal Faith懷疑主義與動物性信仰;The Realms Being存在諸領域（本質/物質/真理/精神領域：4卷）(Relativity of Knowledge);Three Philosphical Poets三大哲學詩人；Poems(A Minuet:On Reaching the Age of Fifty小步舞曲：五十書懷);The Last Puritan最后的清教徒

33、William E?B Dubois威廉?艾伯?杜波依斯1868-1963 Souls of Black Folk黑人的靈魂(Of Booker T Washington and Others);The Suppression of the African Slave Trade into the USA制止非洲奴隸貿易進入美國;The Philadephia Negro;John Brown;The Black Flame黑色的火焰（三部曲）

34、Edgar Lee Masters埃德加?李?馬斯特斯1868-1950 A Book of Verse詩集;Maximilian馬克西米連（詩集）;Spoon River Anthology斯普恩河詩集(Lucinda Matlock魯欣達?馬物羅克)

35、Edwin Arlington Robinson魯賓遜1869-1935 Captain Craig克雷格上尉---詩體小說；The Town Down the River河上的城鎮;The Man Against the Sky襯托著天空的人;Avon’s Harvest沃馮的收成;Collected Poems詩集

36、Frank Norris弗蘭克?諾里斯1870-1902 Moran of the Lady Letty茱蒂夫人號上的莫蘭（romantic）;Mc-Teague麥克提格（naturalistic）;The Epic of the Wheat(realistic)小麥詩史(The Octopus章魚,The Pit小麥交易所);A Deal in Wheat and Other Stories of the Old and New West小麥交易所及其他新老西部故事

37、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬?克萊恩1871-1900 Magic:A Girl of the Streets街頭女郎梅姬（美國文學史上首次站在同情立場上描寫受辱婦女的悲慘命運）；The Red Badge of Courage紅色英勇勛章；The Open Boat小劃子;The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky新娘來到黃天鎮

38、Theodore Dreiser西奧多?德萊塞1871-1945 Sister Carrie嘉莉姐妹;Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy美國的悲劇（被稱為美國最偉大的小說）;Nigger Jeff黑人杰弗

39、Paul Laurence Dumbar保爾?勞倫斯?鄧巴1872-1906 We Wear the Mask我們帶著面具 他是美國第一個有成就的黑人詩人，被稱為“黑種人的桂冠詩人”(Poet Laureate of the Negro Race)40、Jack London杰克?倫敦1876-1916 The Son of the Wolf狼之子,The Call of the Wild野性的呼喚;The Sea-wolf海狼;White Fang白獠牙;The People of the Abyss深淵中的人們;The Iron Heel鐵蹄;Marti Eden馬丁?伊登;How I become a Socialist我怎樣成為社會黨人;The War of the Classes階級之間的戰爭;What Life Means to Me生命對我意味著什么;Revolution革命;Love of Life熱愛生命;The Mexican墨西哥人;Under the Deck Awings在甲板的天蓬下

41、Upton Sinclair厄普頓?辛克萊爾1878-1968 Spring and Harvest春天與收獲;The Jungle屠場（揭發黑幕運動的代表作家）;King Coal煤炭大王;Oil石油;Boston波士頓;Dragon’s Teeth龍齒

42、Irving Babbitt歐文?白壁德1865-1933（新人文主義主要代表）Literature and the American College文學與美國學院（）要求恢復古典文學教學;The New Laokoon新拉奧孔;Rousseau and Romanticism盧梭與浪漫主義;Democracy and Leadership民主與領導;On being Creative論創造性

43、Villa Sibert Cather維拉?凱塞1873-1947 O,Pioneers啊，先驅們;My Antonia我的安東尼亞;The Professor’s House教授之家;Death Comes for the Archibishop大主教之死

44、Gertrude Stein格特魯德?斯坦因1874-1946 The Autobiography of Alice B Toklas愛麗絲?托克拉斯的自傳；Tender Button溫柔的鈕扣

45、Robert Frest羅伯特?弗羅斯特1874-1963 A Boy’s Wish少年心愿；North of Boston波士頓之北(Mending Wall修墻,After Apple-picking摘蘋果之后);Mountain Interval山間（成熟階段）(The Road Not taken沒有選擇的道路);West-running Brook西流的溪澗;A Further Range又一片牧場;A Witness Tree一株作證的樹

46、Sherwood Anderson舍伍德?安德森1876-1941 Windy McPherson’s Son饒舌的麥克斐遜的兒子;Marching Men前進中的人們;Mid-American Chants美國中部之歌;Winesburg,Ohio/The Book of the Grotesque俄亥俄州的溫斯堡/畸人志;Poor White窮苦的白人;Many Marriages多種婚姻;Dark Laughter陰沉的笑聲 The Triumph of the Egg and Other Stories雞蛋的勝利和其他故事;Death in the Woods and Other Stories林中之死及其他故事;I Want to Know Why我想知道為什么

47、Carl Sandburg卡爾?桑德堡1878-1967 Always the Young Stranger永遠是陌生的年輕人s;In Reckless Ecstasy肆無忌憚的狂熱;The Prairie Years草原的年代一、二;The War Years戰爭的年代（林肯傳記）;The American Songbag美國歌袋;The People,Yes人民，好;Honey and Salt蜜與鹽;Corn-huskers輾米機（Fog霧）;Smoke and Steel煙與鋼

48、Wallace Stevens華萊士?史蒂文斯1879-1955 Harmonium風琴;The Man With the Blue Guitar彈藍吉他的人;Notes Toward a Supreme Fiction關于最高虛構的札記(Peter Quince at the Clavier彼得?昆斯彈風琴;Sunday Morning禮拜天早晨);The Auroras of Autumn秋天的晨曦;Collected Poems詩集

49、Henry Louis Mencken孟肯1880-1956 Bernard Shaw:His Plays肖伯納的戲劇;The Philosophy of Nietzche尼采的哲學;The American Language美車語言;Happy Days幸福的日子（自傳三部曲）;Newspaper Days新聞記者的歲月;Heathe Days倡導異端邪說的年代 50、William Carlos Williams威廉?卡羅斯?威廉斯1883-1963 收入Des Imagistes意像派（意像派的第一部詩選）

詩集：Sour Grapes;Spring and All春;The Desert Music;The Journey of Love愛的歷程;Collected Poems;Complete Poems;Collected Later Poems;Pictures from Brueghel布留蓋爾的肖像;Paterson佩特森（5卷長詩）;Asphodal,That Green Flower常青花日光蘭（長詩）

名詩：Red Wheelbarrow紅色手推車;The Widow’s Lament in Spring寡婦的春怨;The Dead Baby;The Sparrow ,to My Father麻雀—致父親;Proletarian Portrait無產階級畫像（from An Early Martyr先驅）;The Great American Novels偉大的美國小說;In the American Grain美國性格;Autobiography自傳

51、Sinclair Lewis辛克萊?劉易斯1885-1951(美國第一個獲諾貝爾獎)Dur Mr Wrenn我們的雷恩先生;The Job求職;The Main Street大先進;Babbitt巴比特;Arrowsmith艾羅史密斯;Elmer Gantry艾爾默?甘特里;Dodsworth多茲沃斯;It can’t Happen Here事情不會發生在這里;Kingsblood Royal王孫夢

52、Ezra Pound艾茲拉?龐德1885-1972 The Spirit of Romance羅曼司精神;The Anthology Des Imagistes意像派詩選;Cathay華夏（英譯中國詩）;Literary Essays文學論;Hugh Swlwyn Mauberley;A Few Don’ts by Imagiste意像派戒條;Personage面具;Polite Essays文雅集;The Cantos of Ezra Pound龐德詩章（109首及8首未完成稿）

53、Hilda Doolittle希爾達?杜麗特爾1886-1961 Sea Garden海的花園;Collected Poems(Dread山精;Pear Tree;Orchard);The Walls Do Not Fall墻沒在倒塌（戰爭詩三部曲）;Tribute to the Angels天使頌;The Flowering of the Rod柳條葳蕤;Tribute to Freud獻給弗洛伊德;Hellen in Egypt海倫在倫敦（抒情長詩）

54、Thomas Stearns Eliot托馬斯?艾略特1888-1965 Prufrock and Other Observations普羅夫洛克（荒原意識）;The Waste Land荒原(The Burial of the Dead死者的葬禮;A Game of Chess弈棋;The Fire Sermon火誡;Death by Water水邊之死;What the Thunder Said雷電之言);名詩：Ash Wednesday圣灰星期三;Four Quarters四個四重奏

詩劇：Murder in the Cathedral大教堂謀殺案;Family Reunion大團圓;Cocktail Party雞尾酒會

55、Eugene Oneil尤金?奧尼爾1888-1953 獨幕劇：Bound East to Cardiff東航卡迪夫;The Long Voyage Home歸途迢迢;The Moon of the Carribbeans加勒比人之月

多幕劇：Beyond the Horizon天邊外（其成名作）;Anna Christie安娜?克里斯蒂;The Emperor Jones瓊斯皇;The Hairy Ape毛猿;All the God’s Children Got Wings上帝的兒女都有翅膀The Great God Brown大神布朗;The Strange Interlude奇異的插曲;Mourning Becomes Electr素娥怨/悲悼a;The Iceman Cometh送冰的人來了;The Long Days Journey Into Night進入黑夜的漫長旅程/日長路遠夜常深沉

56、Katherine Anne Porter凱瑟琳?安?波特1890-1980 Flowering Judas開花的紫荊花（Maria Conception;The Jitting of Granny Weatherall）;Pale Horse,Pale Rider;Leaning Tower and Other Stories------TheCollected Stories of K A Porter Ship of Fools愚人船（唯一的一部長篇小說）;The Never Ending Wrong千古奇冤（回憶錄）

57、Archibald Mac Leish阿基博爾德?麥克利什1892-1982 Towers of Ivory象牙塔;The Happy Marriage幸福的婚姻;Streets in the Moon月色中的街;New Found Land新發現的大陸;Conquistador新西班牙的征服者;Poems1912-1952 廣播劇：The Fall of the City城市的陷落;Airraid空襲

58、Michael Gold邁克爾?戈爾德1894-1967 120 Million一億二千萬;Change The World改變世界;The Hollow Man空心人;Jews Without Money沒在錢的猶太人（自傳體小說）戲劇：Hoboken Blues;Fiesta節日;Battle Hymn歌;Prletarian Literature in the United States美國無產階級文學選集（與人合編）

59、E Cumings肯明斯1894-1962 Tulips anddd Chimneys郁金香與煙囪;The Enormous Room大房間;XLI Poems詩41首;Viva萬歲;No，Thanks不，謝謝;Collected Poems詩集;Eimi愛米（訪蘇游記）

60、Edmund Wilson埃德蒙?威爾遜1895-1972 Travel in Two Democracies在兩個民主國家里旅行;To the Finland Station到芬蘭站去;A Piece of My Mind:Reflection at Sixty心里話:行年六十的沉思;Axel’s Castle阿克塞爾的城堡(象征主義批判的圭阜);The Ttriple Thinkers三重思想家;The Wound and The Bow創傷與箭;The Shores of Light光明之岸;The Fruits of the MLA現代語言協會的成果

61、John Dos Passos帕索斯1896-1970 The Three Soldiers;Manhattan Transfer;U.S.A(The Forty-second Parallel;1919;The Big Money);District of Columbia哥倫比亞大區(The Adventures of a Young Man一個年輕人的冒險;Number One第一號;The Grand Design偉大的計劃);Orient Express東方特別快車（游記）

62、F Scott Fitzgerald弗朗西斯?菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代)The Side of Paradise人間天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned美麗的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby了不起的蓋茨比;Tender in the Night夜色溫柔;The Last Tycoon最后的巨頭

短篇小說：Flappers and Philosophers姑娘們和哲學家們;Tales of the Jazz爵士時代的故事;Taps at Reveille早晨的起床號→The Ice Palace冰宮;May Days五一節;The Diamond as Big as the Ritz像里茨飯店那樣大的鉆石;Winter Dreams冬天的夢;The Rich Boy富家子弟;Babylon Revisted重訪巴比倫敦 The Crack-up崩潰（自傳體文集）

63、William Faulkner威廉?福克納1897-1962 The Marble Faun云石林神（詩集）;Soldiers’ Pay兵餉（小說）

短篇小說：Dry September干燥的九月;The Sound and the Fury憤怒與喧囂;As I lay dying當我垂死的時候;Light in August八月之光;Absalom,Absolam押沙龍，押沙龍（家世小說）64、Malcolm Cowley馬爾科姆?考利1898-譯作：法國安德烈?紀德Andre Gide的Imaginary Interview虛構的會議

詩集：Blue Juniata;The Dry Season;The Exile’s Return流亡者的回歸（研究“迷惘的一代”的專著）;A Second Flowering第二次繁榮(The Other War另一種戰爭)65、Ernest Hemingway歐內斯特?海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）In Our Time在我們的年代里;The Torrents of Spring春潮;The Sun Also Rises太陽照樣升起;Farewell to Arms永別了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls喪鐘為誰而鳴

短篇小說：Men Without Women沒有女人的男人;The Winners Take Notheing勝者無所獲;The Fifth Column and First Forty-nine Stories第五縱隊與首次發表的四十九個短篇 政論：To Have and Have Not貧與富 回憶錄：A Moveable Feast到處逍遙

66、Hart Crane哈特?克蘭1899-1932 My Grandfather’s Love Letters祖父的情書;Praise for an Urn甕頌;For the Marriage of Faustus and Hellen為浮士德和海倫的婚姻而作;Voyage航海;The Bridge橋（長詩）;White Buildings白色的樓房（首部詩集）67、Thomas Wolfe托馬斯?沃爾夫1900-1938 Look Homeward,Angel天使，望鄉→（續）Of Time and the River時間與河流;The Web and the Rock蛛網與巖石;You Can’t Go Home Again有家歸不得;The Hills Beyond遠山（未完成）短篇小說：From Death to Morning從死亡到早晨

68、James Langston Hughes詹姆斯?蘭斯頓?休斯1902-1969 Mulatto混血兒（劇本）;The Weary Blues疲倦的歌聲;Dear Lovely Death親愛的死神;Shakespear in Harlem哈萊姆的莎士比亞;I Wonder as I Wander我漂泊我思考;The Best of Simple辛普爾精選

69、John Steinbeck約翰?斯坦貝克1902-1966 Cup of Gold金杯;Tortilla Flat煎餅房;In Dubious Battle勝負未定;Of Mice and Men鼠和人;The Grapes of Wrath憤怒的葡萄;The Moon is Down月亮下去了;Cannery Row罐頭廠街;The Pearl珍珠

短篇小說：The Red Pony小紅馬(The Gift,The Great Mountains大山;The Promise許諾,The Leader of the People人們的領袖)70、Nathanael West韋斯特1903-1940 The Dream Life of Balso Snell巴爾索?斯納爾的夢幻生涯;The Day of Locust蝗災之日;Miss Lonelyhearts寂寞小說

71、James Farrel 法雷爾1904-1979 Studs Lonigan斯塔茲?朗尼根(Young Lonigan少年朗尼根;The Young Manhood of Studs Lonigan朗尼根的青年時代,Judgement Day末日窩審判);Danny O’Neil丹尼?奧尼爾（五部曲）;Bernard Carr伯納德?卡爾（三部曲）短篇小說：Calico Shoes花布鞋;Guillotine Party行刑隊

文藝評論：A Note on Literary Criticism文藝評論札記;Literature and Morality文學與道德

72、Lillian Hellman麗蓮?海爾曼1905-1983 The Children’s Hour孩子們的時光;The Little Foxes小狐貍;Watch on the Rhine守望萊茵河;The Searching Wind徹骨的風;The Autumn Garden秋園;Tos in the Attic閣樓里的玩具;The Days to Come未來的日子;Another Part of the Forest森林的另一處

回憶錄：An Unfinished Wonman一個事業尚未終了的女人;Pentimento舊畫新貌;Scoundrel Time邪惡的時代

73、Clifford Odets克利福德?奧德茨1906-1963 Waiting for Lefty等待老左/勒夫特;Awake and Sing!醒來歌唱;Till the Day I Die直到我死的那天;Paradise Lost失樂園;Golden Boy金孩子;Clash by Night夜間沖突;The Big Knife大刀;The Country Girl鄉村姑娘;The Flowering Peach開花的桃樹

74、Richard Wright理查德?賴特1908-1960 Uncle Tom’s Children湯姆叔叔的孩子們;Native Son土生子;Black Boy;黑孩子The Outsiders局外人;The Long Dream漫長的夢;Eight Men八人行

75、Eudora Welty尤多拉?韋爾蒂1906-短篇小說：Death of a Travelling,Salesman巡回推銷員之死;A Curtain of Green and Other Stories綠窗簾和其他;The Wide Net and Other Stories大網和其他故事;The Golden Apples金蘋果;The Bridge of Innifallen英尼斯法倫的新娘

長篇小說：The Robber Bridgeroom強盜新朗;Detta Wedding德爾塔的婚姻;The Ponder Heart龐德的心;The Losing Battles失敗的戰斗;The Optismist’s Daughter樂觀者的女兒 76、Valdimir Nabokov弗?納博科夫1899-1977 Lolita洛莉塔;Pale Fire微暗的火;The Admiralty Sprie海軍部大廈塔尖

77、Anais Nin安娜伊思?寧1903-1977 The Novel of Future未來的小說;Heida海達;House of Incest亂倫之家;Collages拼貼

78、Issac Bashevis Singer艾薩克?辛格1904-1991 Gimpel the Fool傻瓜吉姆佩爾;The Family Moskat莫斯卡特家族;Satan in Goray撒旦在戈雷;The Magician of Lublin盧布林的魔術師;The Slave奴隸;The Manor莊園;The Estate產業;Enenemies,A Love Story仇敵們，一個愛情故事;Shosha舒莎

短篇小說：The Spinoza of Market Street市場街的斯賓諾莎;A Friend of Kafka卡夫卡的朋友

名篇：Neighbours鄰居

79、Robert Penn Warren羅伯特?沃倫1905-1989 Night Rider夜間騎士;At Heaven’s Gate在天堂門口;All King’s Men國王的全部人馬;World Enough and Time足夠的世界和時間;The Cave洞穴;Band of Angels天使的隊伍;A Place to Come to歸宿 詩集：Thirtysix Poems;Selected Poems1923-1943;Brother to Dragons;Promised:Poems1954-1956;You,Emperors and Others;Selected Poems New and Old 1923-1966;Elven Poems on the Same Themet;Incarnation Poem1966-1968顯靈：1966-1968詩選;Now and Then:Poems 1976-1978此時與彼時1976-1978詩選

劇作：Proud Flesh驕傲的血肉之軀;Modern Rhetoric當代修辭學；Birth of Love愛之誕生(選自與Cleanth Brooks合編的 Understanding Poetry/Understanding Fiction)逃亡者集團The Fugitive的宣言書I’ll Take My Stand我表明我的立場

80、Tennessee William田納西?威廉斯1911-1983 American Blues美國的布魯斯;Battle of Angels天使的戰斗;The Glass Menagerie玻璃動物園;The Streetcar Named Desire欲望號街車;Cat on a Hot Tin Roof熱鐵皮屋頂上的貓;The Night of The Iguana鬣蜥之夜;Summer and Smoke夏與煙;The Rose Tattoo玫瑰紋;Sweet Bird of Yout可愛的青春鳥 81、John Cheever約翰?契弗1912-1982 短篇小說：The Expelled開除

短篇小說集：The Way Some People Live一些人的生活方式;The Enormous Radio and Other Stories巨型收音機和其他;The Housebreaker of Shaddy Hill and Other Stories綠茵山竊賊和其他;Some People,Places and Things That Will Not Appear in My Next Novel一些不會在我下一部小說中出現的人物、地點、事件;The Brigadier and the Golf Widow陸軍準將和高爾夫迷寡婦;The World of Apples蘋果世界→The Stories of John Cheever契弗短篇小說選

長篇小說：The Wapshot Chronicle/Scandal瓦普肖特紀事/丑聞;Bullet Park布利特公園;Falconer鷹獵者

82、Irwin Shaw歐文?肖1913-1984 Bury the Dead埋葬死者;Sailor off the Bremen不來梅港外的水手

長篇小說：The Young Lions幼獅;The Troubled Air混濁的空氣;Lucy Crown露茜?克朗;Two Weeks in Another Town； Voices of a Summer Day夏日的喁喁聲;Rich Man,Poor Man;Evening in Byzantium;Nightwork認夜工;Beggarman,Thief;Bread upon the Waters 83、Ralph Ellison拉爾夫?埃利林1914-長篇小說：Invisible Man看不見的人 散文集：Shadow and Act影子與行動;Going to the Territory步入文學界

84、Bernard Malamud伯納德?馬拉默德1914-1986 長篇小說：The Natural天生運動員;The Assistant伙計;The Fixer裝配工;A New Life新生活;God’s Grace上帝的恩賜 短篇小說：The Magic Barrel魔桶

85、Landall Jarrel蘭達爾?賈維爾1914-1965 詩集：Blood for a Stranger獻給一個陌生人的血;Little Friend ,Little Friend小朋友，小朋友;Losses損失;Seven-league Crutches七里格長的拐杖;The Lost World失去的世界

小說：Pictures of an Institution學院小景;The Woman at the Washington Zoo華盛頓動物園的女人

評論：Poetry and the Age詩歌與時代;The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner旋轉炮塔炮手之死

86、John Berryman約翰?貝里曼1914-1972 詩：Homage to Mrs Bradstreet獻給布拉茲特里夫人；The Dream Songs夢之歌;Poems1942;The Dispossessed被剝奪者(The Ball Poem小球詩);77 Dream Songs;Berryman’s Sonnets;Short Poems;His Toy;His Dream;His Rest;Love and Fame;Delusion,etc錯覺及其他

小說：Recovery復原 傳記：Stephen Crane斯蒂芬?克萊恩

87、Saul Bellow索爾?貝婁1915-長篇小說：Dangling Man晃來晃去/掛起來的人;The Victim受害者;The Adventure of Augie March奧基?馬奇歷險記;Henderson the Rain King雨王漢德遜;Herzog赫索格;Mr Summlar’s Planet塞姆勒先生的行星;Humboldt’s Gift洪堡的禮物

中篇小說：Seize the Day且樂今朝

88、Arthur Miller阿瑟?米勒1915-Situation Normal情況正常;The Man Who Had All the Luck吉星高照的人;All My Sons都是我的兒子;The Death of a Salesman推銷員;The Crucible嚴峻的考驗/薩姆勒的女巫;A View from the Bridge橋頭眺望;A Memory of Two Mondays兩個星期一的回憶;After the Fall墮落之后;Incident at Vichy維希事件;The Price代價;The Creation of the World and Other Business創世及其他;The Archbishop’s Ceiling大主教的天花板;The American Clock美國時鐘

89、Robert Lowell羅伯特?洛厄爾1917-1977 詩：Lord Weary’s Castle威爾利老爺的城堡;Life Studies人生探索

名篇：For Sale;Walking in the Blue;For the Union Dead獻給聯邦死難士→自白詩運動 90、J D Salinger杰羅姆?大衛?塞林格1919-短篇小說：The Young Folks年輕人 短篇小說集：Nine Stories故事九篇

中篇小說：Franny弗蘭尼;Zooey卓埃;Raise High the Roof Beam,Carpenters木匠們，把屋梁升高;Seymour:An Introduction西摩其人 長篇小說：The Cather in the Rye麥田守望者

91、Betty Frieden貝蒂?弗里丹1921-The Feminine Mystique女性的奧秘;It Changed My Life它改變了我的生活;The Second Stage第二階段(How to get the Women’s Movement Moving Again)92、Alex Haley亞歷克斯?哈利1921-1992 The Autobiography of Malcolm X馬爾科姆?艾克斯自傳

Roots根;Hanning漢寧鎮（自傳體小說）

93、Jack Kerouac杰克?凱魯亞克1922-1966(“垮掉的一代”奠基者)The Town and the City鎮和城;On the Road在路上;The Subterraneans地下居民;The Dharma Bums達摩的流浪者;Visions of Cody科迪的夢想；Doctor Sax薩克斯醫生;Maggie Cassidy麥琪?卡西迪;Mexico City Blues墨西哥城的布魯斯;Lonesome Traveller孤獨的旅行者;Desolation Angels凄涼天使;Satori in Paris巴黎參禪記;Vanity of Duluoz杜盧奧斯的偏見 94、Kurt Vonnegut庫特?馮尼格特 長篇小說：Player Piano自動鋼琴;The Sirens of Titan泰坦族的海妖;Cat’s Craddle貓的搖籃;Slaughterhouse Five第五號屠場;Mother Night黑夜母親;God Bless You,Mr Rosewater上帝保佑你，羅斯瓦特先生;Breakfast of Champions頂呱呱的早餐;Slapstick,or Lonesome No More滑稽劇,又名不再孤獨;Jailbird囚犯;Deadeye Dick神槍手迪克

短篇小說集：Welcome to the Monkey House歡迎到猴房來(Report on the Barnhouse Effect關于巴恩豪斯效應的報告)95、Norman Mailer諾曼?米勒1923-(垮掉的一代；文學恐怖主義者/亡命之徒)裸者與死者；Barbary Shore巴巴里海濱;The Deer Park廘苑;An American Dream一場美國夢;The White Negro白色黑人;Advertisement for Myself為自己做廣告;Why Are We in Vietnam?我們為什么要去越南;The Executioner’s Song劊子手之歌;The Armies of the Night夜色幕下的大軍(History as a Novel/The Novel as History)—非虛構小說;New Journalism新新聞報道

96、James Dichey詹姆斯?迪基1923-詩集：Into the Stone鉆入石頭;Drowning With Others跟別人一起淹死(The Lifeguard救生員);Helmets頭盔;Buckdancer’s Choice班克舞者的選擇;Poems1957-1967;The Iodiac黃道 長詩：Deliverance解脫

詩論集：The Suspect in Poetry詩歌中的嫌疑犯;Babel to Byzatium從巴別爾到拜占庭 97、Joseph Heller約瑟夫?海勒1923-長篇小說：Catch-22第二十二條軍規;Something Happened出了毛病;As Good as Gold像高爾德一樣好 劇本：We Bombed in New Haven我們轟炸紐黑文;Catch-22;Clevinger’s Trial克萊文杰受審（據Catch-22第八章）98、James Baldwin詹姆斯?鮑德溫1924-1987 散文集：Note of a Native Son土生子的筆記;Nobody Knows My Name;Fire Next Time下一次烈火;No Name in the Street他的名字被遺忘;The Devil Finds Work魔鬼找到工作

小說：Go Tell it on the Mountain向蒼天呼吁;Giovanni’s Room喬萬尼的房間;Another Country另一個國度;Tell Me How Long the Train’s Been Gone告訴我火車已開多久;If Beale Street Could Talk假如比爾能說話;Just Above My Head就在我頭上 短篇小說集：Going to Meet the Man去見這個人

劇本：The Amen Corner阿門角;Blues for Mister Charley為查理先生唱布魯斯/黑人怨;One Day When I was Lost有一天當我迷失的時候/迷路前后

100、Flannery O’Connor弗蘭納里?奧康納1925-1964 長篇小說：Wise Blood慧血;The Violent Bear It Away它為強暴者所奪走

短篇小說集：A Good Man Is Hard to Find好人難尋;Everything That Rises Must Converg上升的一切必然匯合e 名文：Good Country People善良的鄉下人;The Lame Shall Enter First跛腿者先進去;Greenleaf格林利夫;Revelation;Parker’s Back派克的背

101、William Styron威廉?斯泰倫1925-Lie Down in Darkness躺在黑暗中;The Long March長途行軍;Set This House on Fire放火燒屋;The Confessions of Nat Turner納特?特納的自白;Sophie’s Choice索菲的選擇

102、Allen Ginsburg艾倫?金斯堡1926-詩集：Howl and Other Poems嚎叫及其他(America)(The Beat Generation垮掉的一代的宣言書和代表作);Kaddish and Other Poems卡第緒及其他;Plannet News行星消息;The Fall of America美國的衰弱 103、James Wright詹姆斯?賴特1927-1980 詩集：The Green Wall綠墻;Saint Judas圣徒猶大;The Tail and Eyes of a Lion獅子的尾巴和眼睛;The Branch Will Not Break樹枝不會斷;Shall We Gather at the River我們在河邊聚會;Collected Poems;Two Citizens兩位公民;Moments of the Italian Summer意大利之夏;To a Blossoming Pear Tree致盛開鮮花的梨樹;This Journey;A Blessing祝福

104、Edward Albee愛德華?阿爾比1928-The Zoo Story動物園的故事;The Death of Bessie Smith貝西?史密斯之死;The Sandbox沙箱;The American Dream美國夢;Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?誰害怕弗吉尼亞?伍爾夫;Tiny Alice小愛麗絲;A Delicate Balance脆弱的羊群;Seascape海景;The Lady from Dubuque來自杜布克的女人;The Man With Three Arms在臂人

105、Martin Luther King Jr馬丁?路德?金1929-1968 I Have a Dream;Stride Toward Freedom邁向自由;Strength to Love愛的力量;Why We Can’t Wait?;Where Do We Go from Here,Chaos or Community?今后我們何去何從，紛爭還是團結？

106、Gary Snyder加里?斯奈德1930-(ecology poet)Riprap大卵石(Piute Creek皮尤特河);Myths & Texts神話與現實;The Back Country偏僻的山村;Regarding Wave觀浪(Meeting the Mountain進山);Turtle Island龜島;Left Out in the Rain：New Poems 1974-1985留在雨中:1974-1985新詩集

文集：Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End Plus One山水窮盡六章外一章;The Real Work:Interviews and Talks腳踏實地工作：訪問記與演講稿

107、John Barth約翰?巴思1930-長篇小說：The Floating Opera漂浮的歌劇;The End of the Road窮途末路;The Sot-weed Factor煙草代理商;Letters書信集;Giles Goat-boy山羊孩子賈爾斯;Lost in the Funhouse迷失在開心館里（Title題目）;Chimera客邁拉； Sabbatical學院的輪休假;The Friday Book:Essays and Other Nonfictions星期五的書：論文及其他非小說

108、Tony Morrison托尼?莫里森1931-The Bluest Eye最藍的眼睛;Sula蘇拉;Song of Solomon所羅門之歌;Tar Baby柏油娃娃;Beloved;Jazz爵士樂

109、John Updike厄普代克1932-長篇小說：The Poorhouse Fair養老院義賣會;Rabbit, Run兔子，跑吧;Rabbit Relax兔子回家;Rabbit Is Rich兔字發財;Centaur馬人;Of the Farm農場;Couples夫婦;The Witches of Eastwick伊斯特威克的巫婆們;Tust Me信賴我 短篇小說集：Pigeon Feather and Other Stories鴿羽及其他故事;The Music School 音樂學校;Problems and Other Stories問題及其他故事

評論集：Hugging the Shore:Essays and Criticism擁抱海洋：論文與批評 詩集：Midpoint and Other Poems中點及其他詩篇

小說：V；The Crying of Lot 49 49號遺物的拍賣;Gravity’s Rainbow萬有引力之虹

110、Joyce Carol Oates 喬伊斯?卡洛爾?歐茨1938-A Garden of Earthly Delights人間樂園;Expensive People奢侈的人們;Them;The Assassins刺客;Childwold查爾德伍德;Son of the Morning黎明之子;Unholy Loves不神圣的愛情;Bellefleur貝爾弗勒;Angel of Light光明天使;A Bloodsmoor Romance布勒茲摩傳奇 短篇小說集：By the North Gate北門邊;Upon the Swearing Flood洪水浪潮;The Wheel of Love愛之輪;Marriage and Infidelities婚姻與婚外戀

詩集：Anonymous Sins無名的罪孽;Love and Its Derangement愛與愛的錯亂;Dreaming America夢想的美國

劇本：The Sweet Enemy甜蜜的敵人;Sunday Dinner星期天會餐;Ontological Proof of My Existence我存在的本體論證明;Miracle Play奇跡劇

論文集：The Edge of Impossibility:Tragic Forms in Literature不可能的邊緣：文學的悲劇形式;New Heaven,New Earth:Visionary Experience in Literature新天堂，新人間：文學中的幻想經驗

111、Sam Shepard薩姆?謝潑德1943-劇本：Cowboys牛仔;The Rock Garden巖石花園;Cowboys #2牛仔第二號;Chicago芝加哥;Operation Sidewinder響尾蛇行動;Meloddrama情節劇

112、Sylvia Plath西爾維亞?普拉斯1932-1963(confessional school自白派)詩集：The Colossus巨人集;Ariel阿里爾集(Daddy;Lady Lazarus拉扎勒斯夫人);The Uncollected Poems雜詩集;Crossing the Water涉水;Winter Trees 小說：The Bell Jar鐘形玻璃罩（自傳體小說）名詩：Death & Co死亡公司

113、Philip Roth菲力普?羅斯1933-短篇小說集：Goodbey,Columbus再見，哥倫布 Letting Go放手;When She Was Good當她是好女人的時候;Portnoy’s Complaint波特諾伊的怨訴The Breast乳房;The Professor of Desire欲望教授;Our Gang我們這一幫;The Great American Novel偉大的美國小說;My Life as a Man我作為男人的一生;The Ghost Writer代人捉刀的作家;Zukerman Unbound解放了的朱克曼 評論集：Reading Myself and Others評論自我與他人

114、Le Roi Jones勒羅依?瓊斯1934-詩集：The Dead Lecturer已故的講師;Black Magic黑色魔術(Incident事件)劇本：Dutchman;The Slave;The Motion of History歷史的運動

115、Marrie Winn瑪麗?溫1936-The Fireside Book of Children’s Songs爐邊兒歌集;The Paygroup Book兒童游戲大全The Fisherman Who Needed a Knife;The Thief Cather;The Baby Reader幼兒讀物;The Plug-in Drug插入電源的毒品;Children Without Children沒有童年的兒童

116、Thomas Pynchon托馬斯?品欽1937-(后現代主義)Geography of a Horse Dreamer馬塞夢測者的地理;Angel City天使城;The Tooth of Crime罪惡的牙齒;Family家庭(Curse of the Starving Class饑餓階級的詛咒;Buried Child被埋葬的孩子;True West真正的西部);Fool for Love情癡;A Lie of the Mind心靈的謊言;Paris/Texas德州的巴黎 117、Alice Walker沃克1944-長篇小說：TheThird Life of Grange Copeland格蘭治科普蘭的第三次生活;Meridian梅麗迪安;The Color Purple紫色 名文：The Civil Rights Movement:What Good Was It? 短篇小說集：In Love and Trouble相愛與苦惱;You Can’t Keep a Good Woman Down好女人永不屈服 散文集：In Search of Our Mothers’ Gardens

詩集：Once有一次;Revolutionary Petunias革命的牽牛花 傳記：Langston Hughes 上頁

第五篇：英美概況總結

英國概況 英格蘭面積最大 蘇格蘭，愛丁堡為首府

威爾士，加的夫，Cardiff為首府 北愛爾蘭，貝爾法斯特Belfast為首府

倫敦，UK首都，皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保羅大教堂st paul’s cathedral在這里。威斯敏斯特westminster，倫敦市的一個行政區，也叫西敏寺，這里有議會houses of parliament，包含大鐘樓big ben，白廳whitehall即英國政府，白金漢宮buckingham palace即英國皇宮，還有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宮。

The great charter in 1215,1215年大憲章，亦稱the great charter or Magna Charta,確保一些平民的政治權利與自由，保障教會不受國王的控制，改革了法律和司法，限制國王及王室官員的行為。

議會雛形，1265年，Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺開會，就是最早的議會，后來發展了House of Lords上議院，House of Commons下議院。

玫瑰戰爭和英國宗教改革：

Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都鐸（duduo）打了玫瑰戰爭，都鐸勝利，終成五代都鐸王朝。

亨利八世進行宗教改革，想切斷英國教會與羅馬教皇的關系，使英國教會獨立起來。宗教改革的真正進行是在亨利八世的兒子愛德華時期，新教是Protestant，即基督教，改革叫做“The Reformation”。伊麗莎白一世時期，伊麗莎白為女王統治英國，她是基督教徒，大力推行新教，從此英國都是信奉新教。

文藝復興運動 The English Renaissance 文藝復興是中世紀到現代的過渡時期，從1350-1650，有300年，從意大利發起，達芬奇等人為代表。在這段時期，羅馬教會經歷新教改革，人文主義興起，海外探索（大航海時代？）。英國內戰 The Civil Wars 是國王和議會間的戰爭，Norttingham King Charles和議會開戰，國王軍是Cavaliers(騎士)，議會軍是Roundheads(圓顱黨)，因為他們短發。查爾斯戰敗，克倫威爾Cromwell稱王。英國內戰又稱清教徒革命，因為國王的反對者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。這場戰爭顛覆了英國的封建制度，甚至動搖了歐洲的封建制度，被認為是世界現代史的開端。王朝復辟 The Restoration 克倫威爾死后，兒子Richard 繼位，但是統治失敗，議會選擇讓上代國王流放法國的兒子King Charles 二世回歸。光榮革命 The Glorious Revolution 奧蘭治王室（William of Orange橘子？英國的名字真搞笑），用一場不流血的政變奪了王室的權，William and Mary 共同接受了Bill of Right(1689)權利法案，英國“光榮革命”后鞏固資產階級與封建貴族聯合專政、確立君主立憲政體的憲法性文件之一。君主立憲由此開始。輝格黨和托利黨（Whigs and Tories）

兩黨名稱來自光榮革命，輝格黨就是后來的Liberal party，托利黨是Conservative party

憲章運動Chartist Movement 由于對改革法案《Reform Act》和新貧困法《New Poor Law》的不滿，工人組織了倫敦工人聯盟London Working Men’s Association，起草了人民憲章《People’s Charter》，想讓議會通過但是失敗，憲章運動是第一次全國性的工人運動。工會和工黨 Trade Unions and Labor Party 工人意識到聯合的重要性，于是工會出現，Grand National Consolidated Trade Union成立，是全國的大公會，后來Trade Union Congress 開始。殖民擴張Colonial Expansion 自1583年開始，英國在新大陸Newfoundland開始殖民統治，1900日不落帝國形成，“on which the sun never set” 君主政體

英國是君主立憲制 constitutional monarchy, 元首head of state is king or queen。Head of the commonwealth 是女王，現在是伊麗莎白二世。議會組成

House of lords 上議院 house of commons 下議院 下議院最有權力 政黨：工黨Labor Party 和Conservative Party保守黨，政黨的領導人是總理

Tony Blair是有史以來最年輕的工黨領導人，總理。

樞密院 the Privy Council，是國家執行力機構，chief source of executive power in the state,可追溯到King’s Council 司法特點：no single legal system, no complete code,法律的來源包括：statutes法令，大量的common law，equity law衡平法，european community law。二戰后英國經濟的發展

50s-60s穩定發展階段，70s經濟蕭條，80s經濟恢復：撒切爾夫人Mrs.Thatcher當選總理，推行中期財政計劃Medium-term Financial Strategy

國教established chruches：在英國church of england，在蘇格蘭church of scotland 非國教 unestablished churches：英國圣公會anglican chruches，自由教free churches，天主教roman catholic church

*************************************************************************** 美國概況

國旗：13條狀紅白相間，代表original的13個州，50顆星，代表50個州

1492年，哥倫布發現新大陸，Christopher Columbus.獨立戰爭the war of independence 1774年，第一屆大陸國會continental congress在費城philadelphia召開，呼吁抵制英國貨

1775年，lexington（列克星敦）和concord（康科德）打仗獨立戰爭開始。同年，第二屆大陸會議在費城召開，喬治?華盛頓為領導人 1776年，湯瑪斯?杰佛遜起草獨立宣言

1783年，巴黎條約簽署treaty of paris，英國承認美國獨立。1812年戰爭，the war of 1812 美國和英國間的最后一場戰爭，對美國影響很深，人們意識到強大的政府的重要性，加強了統一感和愛國感 美國內戰the civil war 1861-1865，打了四年，北方勝利，北方為聯邦軍union army，南方為邦聯軍confederate army。

林肯有名的葛底斯堡演說gettysburg address“that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth”

1865年，第13修正案終結了奴隸制。經濟發展

鍍金時代gilded age，借自馬克吐溫的書名，指內戰到20世紀初，工業發展

亨利福特henry ford大規模生產汽車，萊特兄弟wright brothers設計第一架飛機升天，都在這個時候

1920s的大蕭條與新政the great depression and the new deal 1929年，大蕭條開始，持續4年

羅斯福新政，Franklin D Roosevelt, the new deal 美國與二戰

1941年，珍珠港被襲擊，美國正式參戰，核心國axis powers 北大西洋公約組織the founding of NATO 1949年，北大西洋條約簽署，North Atlantic Treaty,任何對締約國的攻擊視為對所有締約國的攻擊。條約的生效標志著美國在蘇聯周圍建立軍事聯盟的開端。蘇聯采取了類似的行動，建立了德國民主共和國set up the German Democratic Republic.至此，冷戰全面開始。1950s民權運動the civil rights movement 羅莎?帕克Rosa Parks,一位黑人女性，阿拉巴馬，她拒絕給白人讓座，被捕。馬丁路德金開始領導黑人抵制。1956年，最高法院宣布阿拉巴馬州的segregation laws unconstitutional。

越南戰爭the vietnam war1950-1975(打了25年，有夠長的)為了實施對共產主義的牽制政策，the policy of containment of communism,美國與越南戰爭，結果這是美國有史以來最長的戰爭。1973年美國和北越南north vietnam簽署停火協議，cease-fire agreement。簡單來說，越南當時像朝鮮般南北分裂，南方是社會主義的，北方是當時的統治階級，南方想要解放全國，統一南北。美國橫插一腳，支持北方，搞了25年，最終還是南方的社會主義勝利，統一了全國。西貢Saigon是原來的首都，后來改名為胡志明市Ho Chi Minh City。

因為越南戰爭，美國國力下降，社會分歧，形象下降。

水門事件（Watergate scandal，或譯水門丑聞）是美國歷史上最不光彩的政治丑聞之一，其對美國本國歷史以及整個國際新聞界都有著長遠的影響，在1972年的總統大選中，為了取得民主黨內部競選策略的情報，1972年6月17日，以美國共和黨尼克松Nixon競選班子的首席安全問題顧問詹姆斯?麥科德（James W.McCord, Jr.）為首的5人闖入位于華盛頓水門大廈的民主黨全國委員會辦公室，在安裝竊聽器并偷拍有關文件時，當場被捕。由于此事，尼克松于1974年8月8日宣布將于次日辭職，從而成為美國歷史上首位辭職的總統。中美關系

1972年，Nixon總統訪華，簽署上海公報Shanghai Communique。1979年，中美建交。美國憲法起草于1789年，世界上最早的成文憲法。共有7個articles。Articla I，the Legislative Article立法

只有國會有權立法，two-chamber system，包括senate參議院，house of representatives眾議院。參議院100人，每個州來兩人，眾議院基于每個州的人口比例設立席位。Article II，Executive Article執法 總統任期4年

Article III，Judicial Article 司法

Supreme Court是國家的最高法院，以下是聯邦法院federal court，最高法院和聯邦法院的法官是總統任命，法官是終身職位。唯有最高法院有權解釋憲法。

三權分立checks and balances 立法，執法，司法三權分立，legislative，executive，judicial，國會可立法，總統可否決，國會可通過三分之二選票再次通過，總統不可否決，但最高法院可以判定它違反憲法而否決它。憲法修正案provisions for amendment 前十條憲法修正案稱為bill of rights權利和自由法案

*************************************************************************** 加拿大概況

首都：渥太華Ottawa, 最大省：魁北克Quebec 第一大城市：多倫多，2：蒙特利爾，3：溫哥華，4：渥太華 世界最大漁業出口國 國家元首：伊麗莎白二世

總督：履行女王職務governor general，實際政府領導人：總理prime minister 立法：議會立法parliament，議會由兩部分組成senate（總督任命）和house of commons（根據人口），和美國類似，法律要兩院通過，最后總督簽字。

政黨：自由黨liberal party和保守黨progressive conservative party

澳大利亞概況： 首都：堪培拉Canberra 第一大城：悉尼，2：墨爾本 世界最大羊毛出口國 國家元首：英女王，和加拿大一樣有總督和總理，聯邦制國家 政黨：工黨（最大黨）australian labour party和自由黨liberal party，和英國不同，澳大利亞有成文憲法

議會參照英國，上議院senate（the upper house）和下議院house of representatives（the lower house）

新西蘭概況

首都：惠靈頓Wellington 第一大城：奧克蘭Auckland 世界最大羔羊肉，羊肉和奶制品出口國，稱為the world’s biggest farm 國家元首：英女王 政體：議會制君主立憲制

愛爾蘭概況（注意不是北愛爾蘭哦，不是英國的一部分呢）首都：都柏林dublin 國家元首：注意了是總統