第一篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文答案7

第五單元

如何歡慶節(jié)日

課文A

亞歷克斯·黑利二戰(zhàn)時(shí)在海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)服役。出海在外，時(shí)逢一個(gè)倍感孤寂的日子——感恩節(jié)——他開始認(rèn)真思考這一節(jié)日的意義，對(duì)許多美國(guó)人而言，這個(gè)節(jié)日已成為大吃大喝、沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地看橄欖球比賽的日子。黑利決定寫三封不同尋常的信，以此來(lái)紀(jì)念感恩節(jié)的真正意義。

寫三封感謝信

亞歷山大·黑利

那是在二戰(zhàn)期間的1943年，我是個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)隊(duì)員。我們的船，美國(guó)軍艦軍市一號(hào)已出海多日。多數(shù)船艙裝著成千上萬(wàn)箱罐裝或風(fēng)干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在有軟墊的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個(gè)規(guī)模很大的基地。

我是軍市一號(hào)上的一個(gè)廚師，跟岸上的人‘樣，那個(gè)感恩節(jié)的上午，我們忙著在準(zhǔn)備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。

當(dāng)廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過(guò)，等到太陽(yáng)快下山時(shí)，我們總算全都收拾停當(dāng)了。

我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。

我開始思索起感恩節(jié)這個(gè)節(jié)日來(lái)，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、·野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的什么一某種我能夠賦予這一節(jié)日以個(gè)人意義的方式。大概過(guò)了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右我才意識(shí)到，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個(gè)詞前后顛倒一下——那樣廣來(lái)至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

表達(dá)謝意——就如在祈禱時(shí)感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對(duì)啊，是這樣，當(dāng)然是這樣。

可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。

過(guò)了片刻，如同晨曦初現(xiàn)，一個(gè)更清晰的念頭終于涌現(xiàn)腦際——要感謝他人，那些賜我多恩惠，我根本無(wú)以回報(bào)的人們。令我深感不安的實(shí)際情形是，我向來(lái)對(duì)他們所做的一之泰然，認(rèn)為是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)。我一次也沒(méi)想過(guò)要對(duì)他們中的任何一位真心誠(chéng)意地說(shuō)一句簡(jiǎn)單的謝謝。

至少有七個(gè)人對(duì)我有過(guò)不同尋常、影響深遠(yuǎn)的幫助。令人萬(wàn)分難受的是，我意識(shí)到，他們中有一半已經(jīng)謝世了——因此他們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感至懂愧。最后我想到了仍然健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。

我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著佃門各自為我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達(dá)我對(duì)他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派恩布拉大那所古老韻農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械師范學(xué)院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮(zhèn)亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭·帕爾默；以及我的初中校長(zhǎng)，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾·納爾遜牧師；

我的信是這樣開頭的廣出海在外度過(guò)的這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我卻從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)您說(shuō)過(guò)自己多么想感謝您——”我簡(jiǎn)短回憶了他們每位為我所做的具體事例。

例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時(shí)代起，他就讓我深深意識(shí)到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實(shí)上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習(xí)慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學(xué)的單詞。我對(duì)書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導(dǎo)我自己撰文著書。多少次，當(dāng)我看到如今的孩子們?nèi)绱顺撩杂陔娮用襟w時(shí)，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發(fā)現(xiàn)的神奇世界。

我跟納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學(xué)生做禱告，以此開始小鎮(zhèn)初中的一天。我告訴他，我后來(lái)所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學(xué)校晨禱的影響。

在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來(lái)讓我吃她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來(lái)沒(méi)吃過(guò)那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因?yàn)樗谖业纳腥鱿旅烂畹腻谙搿?/p>

睡覺(jué)前，我這三封信都送進(jìn)了船上的郵袋。我們抵達(dá)圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。

我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規(guī)，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷漸漸淡忘。我們?cè)诤Ｉ虾叫袝r(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)與郵船會(huì)合，郵船會(huì)帶給我們家信，當(dāng)然，這是我們視為最緊要的事情。

每當(dāng)船上的喇叭響起廣大伙聽好!郵件點(diǎn)名!”200名左右的水手就會(huì)沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個(gè)站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把把信件，大聲念出收信水手的名字；叫到的人一邊從人群中擠出來(lái)，一邊應(yīng)道廣來(lái)了，來(lái)了!”

一次“郵件點(diǎn)名”帶給了我外祖母、爸爸以及納爾遜牧師的回信——我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。

他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們?cè)徫乙郧安辉兄x他們，相反，他們卻向我致謝，天哪；就因?yàn)槲矣浀盟麄冏龅氖拢⒄J(rèn)為他們做了不同尋常的事。

身為大學(xué)教授的爸爸向來(lái)特別留意不使用任何過(guò)于感情化的文字，因此，當(dāng)他信中寫道，在教了許許多多的年輕人之后，他現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為自己最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生當(dāng)中也包括自己的兒子時(shí)，我知道他是多么地感動(dòng)。

納爾遜牧師寫道，他那平凡的老派校長(zhǎng)的歲月隨著學(xué)校里發(fā)生的如此迅猛的變化而告結(jié)束，他也懷著自我懷疑的心態(tài)退了休。“說(shuō)我做得不對(duì)的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于說(shuō)我做得對(duì)的，”他寫道，接著又說(shuō)我的信給他帶來(lái)了令人振奮的信心：自己的校長(zhǎng)生涯還是有其價(jià)值的。

一看到外祖母那熟悉的筆跡，我頓時(shí)回想起往日站在她的白色搖椅旁看她給親戚寫信的情景。外祖母一個(gè)字母一個(gè)字母地慢慢拼出一個(gè)詞，接著再寫下一個(gè)詞，因此寫滿一頁(yè)要花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。外祖母最近花費(fèi)不少工夫?qū)ξ冶磉_(dá)了充滿慈愛的謝意，讀著老人家的信我禁不住流淚——從前是她給我換尿布的呀!

許多年后，我從海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)退役，試著靠寫作為生，我一直不曾忘記那三封“感謝”信是如何使我認(rèn)識(shí)到，大凡人都暗自期望著有更多的人對(duì)自己的努力表達(dá)謝意。

現(xiàn)在，感恩節(jié)又將來(lái)臨，我自問(wèn)，對(duì)此文的讀者，對(duì)我們的祖國(guó)，事實(shí)上也是對(duì)全世界，我有什么祝愿，因?yàn)椋靡晃簧屏级矣钟兄腔鄣呐笥训脑拋?lái)說(shuō)，“我們究其實(shí)都是十分相像的凡人，有著相似的需求。”當(dāng)然，我首先祝愿大家記住這一簡(jiǎn)單的常識(shí)：實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平，這對(duì)我們自身的存亡至關(guān)重要。

此外我還有別的祝愿——這一祝愿是如此強(qiáng)烈，我將這句話印在我所有的信箋底部現(xiàn)并褒揚(yáng)各種美好的事物。”

第二篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課后答案

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

UNIT 1 Vocabulary I.1.1)on balance 5)illustrated 9)involved 2)resist 6)budget 10)economic 3)haul 7)lowering 11)blasting 4)wicked 8)boundary 12)just about 2.1)cut back/ down 2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through 5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for 8)think up 3.1)pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy 2)often generate misleading thoughts 3)attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4)be suspected of doing everything for money 5)before he gets through life 4.1)their indoor, a profit, to invest in 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

2)device, the improvement, on a global scale 3)stacked, temptation, never dined out II Confusable Words 1.1)house 2)Home 3)home, family 4)household 2.1)doubt 2)suspect 3)doubted 4)suspected 5)suspect III.Word Formation 1)rise 2)final 3)regular 4)cash 5)hows, whys 6)upped 7)yellowed 8)bottled 9)lower 10)search Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Text-related 1)get by 2)temptation 3)get through 4)improvements 5)aside from 6)suspect 7)supplement 8)profit 9)stacking 2.(Theme-related)1)replaced 2)consider 3)quit 4)world 5)tough 6)fuels 7)provide 8)luxuries 9)balance 10)ideal II.Translation 1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2.My father died when I was too young to live on my own.The people of my hometown took over(responsibility for)my upbringing at that point.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

3.The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4.Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5.When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about.She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood.People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job.Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expense.Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time.She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.UNIT 2 Vocabulary I.1.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1)decades 5)slender 9)on the side 2)historic 6)web 10)authorized 3)imposed 7)bade 11)terminal 4)religious 8)site 12)make the best of 2.1)went through 2)stood up for 3)laid down 4)take on 5)let(us)down 6)draw on 7)fall into 8)pass for 3.1)The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.2)Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.3)There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.4)A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.5)It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

4.1)As for, do not compel, capture of, have forged 2)At huge risk, the mission, shelter 3)who abolished, In the eyes of, racial

II.Words with Multiple Meanings 1.I'll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip.2.Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.3.Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.4.This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble;it's always breaking down.5.In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.6.Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.7.I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus..全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

8.The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance III.Usage 1)lonely 2)friendly 3)weekly, monthly 4)lovely 5)cowardly 6)kindly/ saintly 7)lively 8)motherly Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Text-related 1)forged 2)stand up 3)compelled 4)convictions 5)mission 6)abolish 7)intent on 8)risk 9)in the eyes of 10)threats 2.(Theme-related)1)assistance 2)involved 3)estimated 4)coincidence 5)emerged 6)referred 7)numerous 8)stationed 9)concern 10)capture

II.Translation 1.Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2.Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

3.According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.4.Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.5.Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves.He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run.He disguised them and successfully avoided capture.Later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school.He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.UNIT 3 Vocabulary I.1.1)threatens 2)by a small margin 3)civilize 4)closed up 5)wandered 6)全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

paste 7)without so much as 8)sideways

9)hook up to 10)universal 11)chart 12)Bathed in 2.1)narrowed down 2)looked back on 3)cut off 4)fit into 5)wear(the other)down 6)lies in 7)put up 8)stand for

3.1)...which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.2)...with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.3)...feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986---killing all seven crew.4)...threatened to keep the pupils in after school, they were quieted at once.5)...are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that/because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.4.1)looked back on/ atmosphere/urban life

2)era/ hooked up to the / the electronic

3)the suburb / a sophisticated / system / analyze / make errors II.1)away 2)inside/in 3)forward/through 4)back 5)off 6)home 7)back down 8)in...out

III.1)Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be

2)Most men do not look unattractive in them

3)Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

4)The claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5)His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.Comprehensive Exercises 1.Cloze 1.1)Statistics 2)rural 3)era 4)stood for 5)on the latch

6)vulnerable 7)barrier 8)electronic 9)reflection 10)civilized 2.1)together 2)liable 3)shift 4)electric 5)cautious

6)sophisticated 7)thieves 8)break 9)chances 10)signs II.Translation

1.1)The Internet is changing the way people live,(no matter)whether they are in urban or rural areas.2)Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.3)With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development.4)It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.5)Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

2.It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out.All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes.Thus exposing him to police patrols.Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity.A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night.Make sure/Assure yourself that you don't leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in.If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors.In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.UNIT 4 Vocabulary I.1.1)accordingly 2)loose 3)concentration 4)stimulating 5)fabric 6)if anything 7)reality 8)intuition

9)trifle 10)at the turn of the century 11)mess 12)undermine 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

2.1)approve of 2)slow down 3)taken in 4)sucked into 5)set apart 6)dozed off 7)call forth 8)stretch into 9)keep up with 10)believe in 3.1)...provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.2)...is credited to his powers of imagination 3)...on the foundations of an agricultural revolution

4)...not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.5)...the outbreak of the Second World War.4.1)flaw/came to the conclusion/would get nowhere 2)in a row/dozed off/a mess of 3)outbreak of/ has undermined / has strained II.1)With Christmas only a week away

2)With his physical condition improving day by day

3)With our GDP growing steadily

4)With all the shops closed

5)with her eyes closed 6)With the fog lifting during the night III.1)like/as 2)as 3)like 4)like/as

5)as/like 6)as 7)like 8)as Comprehensive Exercises 1.Cloze 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1.1)caution 2)came to the conclusion that 3)never get anywhere 4)undermining 5)not give/care a fig 6)flaw 7)beyond any doubt 8)foundation 9)remarkable/impressive 10)imagination

2.1)extent 2)inventions 3)bet 4)manages 5)vision 6)eventually 7)achievement 8)poverty 9)utilized 10)breakthrough II.Translation

1.1)The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2)Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.3)Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.4)As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5)Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.2.What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it “The World Year of Physics”.It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death.In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics.His great 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for authority.It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.UNIT 5 Text A Writing Three Thank-You Letters Text Organization l.Parte Paragraphs Main Ideas Part One Paras 1-9 On Thanksgiving Day 1943, as a young coastguardsman at sea, the writer came up with the idea of expressing his gratitude to people who had helped him before.Part Two Paras 10-16 The writer wrote three thank-you letters to his father, the Rev.Nelson and his grandmother.Part Three Paras 17-23 The writer got three letters in reply.Part Four Paras 24-26 The writer wishes everyone to find the good and praise it.Correspondents Letters Sent Letters Received Father Thanks him for teaching the writer from boyhood to love books and reading.Tells the writer how he, as a teacher and a father as well, felt content with his own son.The Rev.Nelson , Thanks him for his morning school prayers.I i Tells the writer about his retirement coupled with self-doubt, and the re?assurance 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

brought to him by the writer's letter.Grandmother Thanks her for teaching the writer how to tell the truth, to share and to be forgiving, and for her good cooking and her sprinkling the writer's life with Stardust.Expresses her loving gratefulness to her grandson.Language sense enhancement 1.decades 2.undergoing

3.had done wrong 4.welcome reassurance 5.appreciated 6.brought back 7.relatives 8.accomplish 9.consume 10.representing Vocabulary I.1.1)sprinkled 2)in turn 3)reversed 4)repay 5)at sea 6)traditional 7)statement 8)longed for 9)in secret 10)unloaded 11)weep 12)under way 2.1)stretch out 2)make out 3)hope for 4)turns(it)over 5)put away 6)brings back 7)got to 8)go about 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

3.1)As supplies of traditional fuels diminish, people are working to increase the use of solar energy.2)We accord high priority to meeting the challenges of economic and environmental development in the region.3)While it is true that children of today are exposed to more information than were children of the past, it does not follow that they automatically become more sophisticated.4)Since she borrowed those books from the library she has been immersed in British history and culture.5)Everything changed in a flash on June 1, 2000 when he lost both legs in a serious traffic accident.4.1)I'd like to express my sincere thanks to everyone who has been so considerate of my well-being.My heart is filled with gratitude that words cannot express.2)After everyone assembled on the playground amid the noise and excitement of the specta?tors, our coach again impressed on us the need to do our best in quest of excellence.3)Everything I saw in my hometown was marvelous.I could hardly believe that it had undergone such swift changes through cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers and the rest in the past few years.II.Collocation 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1, fond of 2.sick of 3.thoughtful of 4.confident of 5.conscious of 6.critical of 7.guilty of 8.ashamed of-III.Usage 1.To know what people really think, pay regard to what they do, rather than what they say.2.It is cooperation, rather than conflict, that will enable you to achieve your success.3.Ann made students think for themselves rather than telling them what to think.4.I think I'll stay at home this evening rather than go / going out.5.Most people are content to let perfect days happen at random rather than plan / planning for them.Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze(A)1)at sea 2)Turning over 3)reverse 4)got to 5)repay 6)gratitude 7)assembled 8)immersed in 9)unloading 10)swift(B)1)instead 2)possessions 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

3)richer 4)breath 5)cherish 6)special 7)specific 8)shining 9)miracles 10)gift II.Translation 1.1)Grandma took it for granted that food prices would soar, so she bought a lot of rice.2)I can quote you several instances of her dedication to science.3)The 1980s saw the start of the swift development of some special economic zones in China.4)Tension between the two countries stemmed in part from the latest spy affair.5)Peter has worked in a law firm for many years.You can consider having him as your lawyer to act on your behalf when you need legal help.2.Amid the atmosphere of Thanksgiving, rather than joining his friends in celebration of the holiday, George was immersed in the diary left to him by his father, who died at sea after he completed two successive trips around the world.The diary brought back every moment George had spent with his father and many of the specific things his father did on his behalf.George's father used to impress on him the need to undergo all kinds of hardship in quest of excellence.He also taught him that nothing in the world could be taken for granted.Even today, George still remembers how his father would quote Aesop's famous saying “Gratitude is the 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

sign of noble souls” and tell him to accord the greatest importance to it.UNIT 6 Text A The Last Leaf I.Vocabulary: i)1.masterpieces 2.fragile 3.fancy 4.nonsense 5.ling to 6.endure 7.acute 8.whistle 9.mock 10.subtracted 11.Sin 12.flutter/fluttering ii)

1.give in/ give up 2.figure up 3.sized up 4.wiped out 5.pulling up

6.wear away 7.sit up 8.hear of / about

iii)1.usually stand out in childhood memories.2.a joint bachelor’s degree program in environmental studies together with Duke University.3.still stalks the country.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

4.scarcely any surface water in the desert.5.for change in the election law is so persistent that both houses have promised to consider it.iv)1.dreary, mingled with, not to excess, a merry 2.called to us, in a whisper, in tune with 3.backward, wet through, won’t hear of 4.turn loose your II.1.He went to Paris on business last month.2.The train to Brussels goes at 2:25 p.m.3.As soon as they arrived at the meadow, the shepherd let the sheep go.4.We went(or will go)exploring together in the mountains.5.Let’s go and have a drink in the bar.6.The store is going to close up soon.7.South Koreans went crazy when their soccer players beat the Spanish team in the quarter-finals.8.When the mother came out of the house, she found her children gone.III.Usage: 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1.a little white wooden house 2.long, curly red hair 3.a large old round table 4.a cheap Indian restaurant 5.a huge cool chocolate ice-cream 6.rapid technological advance 7.a handsome young Chinese American

IV.Comprehensive Exercises 1.Cloze 1.in tune 2.Scarcely 3.in a whisper 4.cling to 5.merry 6.sat up

7.nonsense

8.fancy

9.sin 10.masteripiece

1.mission 2.involve 3.jail 4.not 5.collect 6.deliver 7.beautiful 8.vacation 9.need 10.small

V.Translation: i)1.The red house stands out against the old trees that reach high up to the sky.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

2.The salary in // for my new job is great, but for the rest, I’m not satisfied.3.The waters of the two streams mingle near our village.4.We should not mock at other people’s religious beliefs.5.The curtains of the room are not quite in tune with the style of the furniture.ii)Here and there we see young artists who stand out from other people.They may be in worn-out jeans all the year round, or walk barefoot // in bare feet even in winter, or drink to excess, or cling to the fancy of creating a masterpiece without actually doing any creative work.Text B Night Watch 1.Comprehension Check

1.B 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A

2.Translation 1.他被急急送到機(jī)場(chǎng)，剛好趕上唯一一架或許能讓他趕到垂危老父身邊的飛機(jī)。2．前一夜，老人突發(fā)嚴(yán)重的心臟病，被用了大量鎮(zhèn)靜劑，此刻神志只是部分清醒。3．每次護(hù)士來(lái)到病房，士兵總是在那兒，但他沒(méi)有注意她，也沒(méi)有注意夜晚醫(yī)院里 的嘈雜聲---氧氣罐的叮當(dāng)聲，夜班醫(yī)護(hù)人員互相打招呼時(shí)的笑聲，其他病人的 叫喊聲，呻吟聲和大鼾聲。全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

4．他以一種極富人情味的方式證明了世間有人關(guān)心別人的境遇。

3．Language Practice:

a)Match the definitions in Column B with the words and phrases in Column B 1.f 2.c 3.a 4.g 5.b 6.e 7.h 8.d

b)Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen form the box.Change the form where necessary.1.conscious 2.outline 3.enables 4.moans 5.started off 6.cut … short 7.serial 8.toughen 9.Military 10.pulled out 11.collapsed 12.encouragement

Model Note: Dear Professor Brown, My father has written to say that my cousin is seriously ill with pneumonia.According to her doctor, she has only one chance in ten.At such a distressing time I long to be by her bedside and do what I can to comfort and console her.May I ask for leave for a day or two? I’ll be obliged to you if my application is granted.UNIT 7 Text A Life of a Salesman 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

I.Vocabulary 1.disabled, impatient, solitary, crushed, feel like, lashed, echoing, paused, betrayed, laundry, section, tilted 2.cared for hang on was laid up with are gaining on kicked up went off drop…off

straighten out 3.sometimes didn’t register with her.in disorder, drawers pulled out, shoes and boots scattered.was transferred from Father’s account to my account.a pledge to contribute 100,000 dollars to the Children in Need charity campaign.The most profitable business in that province.4.gaining on, off balance, was laid up in, scar on a cripple/crippled, sugery, limitations, in literature commission, on the phone, his territory, never registers with II.Usage 1.I never did go over these books, although I probably should 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

have.2.I know this is a personal question.You don’t have to answer me if you don’t want to.3.I think this topic should have attracted far more attention from philosopher than it has.4.“I think you’re right.”---“I’m sure I am.”

5.“He thought that the comdition was hereditary in his case.”---“well, it might be.”

6.“Sugar?”---“No.Maybe next time.”

7.The house is only a building.It is a place to live, nothing more.8.DIANE: You didn’t!Tell me you didn’t!FATHER: Oh, yes.Anything for my children.III.Word Family bored, boredom, bored, boringly, boring encouraged, encouragingly, encouraging, encouragement frozen, freeze, freezing, freezer, freeze Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze off, feet, signature, commission, on the phone, laid up, surgery, territory, disorder, applying for, dignity, didn’t, read, come, money, because, earning, doing, own, Obviously, value II.Translation 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1.Translate the sentences into English, using the words or phrases in brackets.1)I grew terribly scared when I heard sound of footsteps echoing round the hallway at midnight yesterday.2)The name-brand sports shoes are guaranteed for 12 months.3)Snowstorms threw communications and transportation into disorder.4)I’ve been suffering a lot of stress from work altely.I feel like taking a vacation at the seaside.5)Living in an apartment is all right, but it has its limitations---for example, you don’t have your own garden.2.Translate the passage into English, using the words or phrases given below.Tom was born a cripple, with one of his lower limbs useless.Early in his childhood, he learned that unless he so exerted himself as to rise above his limitations, he could not earn a living, and unless he succeeded in making a living on his own, he could not win/gain the respect of others.That was the price he had to pay for his dignity as a human being.Tom applied for numerous jobs, only to be turned down, before he finally got one as a delivery boy for a Pizza Hut.He then worked as a sales representative for a sportwear company in a territory no one else would want.Today he owns a fairly profitable retail shop in his hometown, and hires several people to work for him

UNIT 8 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

Text A Human Cloing: A Scientist’s Story Language Sense Enhancement 1.in some way make the most of individual replicated roadmap in place result from dissuade Quite honestly legislate

Language Focus I.1.1)complications 2)tremendous 3)brilliant 4)analysis 5)transplant transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways 9)eyesight 10)in reality 11)implanted 12)procedures 2.1)focus on 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through 5)carry out 6)work on 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

7)feed on 8)settled over

3.1)resulted from a childhood illness.2)was condemned by the trade unions as endangering jobs.3)in place, even those with persistent, long-term mental illnesses can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives.4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behavior.5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer.4.1)misconceptions potential make the most of 2)donated contentious issue and opponents 3)a fraud in some ways condemn him II.全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1)permission to adopt her 2)a willingness to restart peace talks 3)failure to find meaning in life 4)his determination to realize his ideals 5)attempt to blow up the bridge 6)an opportunity to pursue a college degree III.1)Do you consider it any good continuing your investigations? 2)It is reported that two people were killed in the explosion.3)I owe it to you that I have been able to get back to my studies.4)It is no good bothering about such a trifle.5)It won’t do you any good to hide your sickness for fear of treatment.6)We all think it a pity to give up the experiment half way.Comprehensive Exercises I.Cloze 1.Test-related 1)issue 2)contentious

3)clones

4)potential

5)condemn

6)misconceptions 7)opponents 8)results from 9)come forward 10)donated

2.Theme-related 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

1)prospect 2)intention 3)Despite 4)developing 5)publish 6)condemned 7)among 8)standpoint 9)standard 10)rejection

II.Translation 1.1)Medical experts debated whether the cloning of human beings should be permitted and what its potential effects on society might be.2)Eighty-five per cent of the people in the local area are in full-time employment;only3% describe themselves as unemployed.3)The departments concerned in China will speed up legislation to protect rights of migrant workers.4)In recent years, some psychologists have tried to explain intelligence from a biological standpoint.5)The global financial crisis has had a huge impact on that country’s export industry.In no more than six months, many factories have closed down by necessity.2.Dolly the sheep resulted from a cloning experiment by a group of Scottish scientists in 1997.A fierce debate on human cloning has ever since been going on.This contentious issue had focused on ethical and social implications of the technology: what the technology might do to the very meaning of human 全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ) 綜合教程3 課后答案

reproduction, child rearing, individuality, et cetera.The majority of scientists are adamantly opposed to reproductive cloning and support therapeutic cloning for treating diseases.The reason is that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of risk to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings.Scientists believe that with policies and monitoring in place to ensure that therapeutic cloning is used safely, we canal benefit from this procedure.

第三篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3答案

UNIT 1

Vocabulary

I.1.1)on balance 5)illustrated 9)involved

2)resist 6)budget 10)economic

3)haul 7)lowering 11)blasting

4)wicked 8)boundary 12)just about

2.1)cut back/ down 2)pick up 3)get by 4)get through

5)face up to 6)turn in 7)making up for 8)think up

3.1)pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy

2)often generate misleading thoughts

3)attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work

4)be suspected of doing everything for money

5)before he gets through life

4.1)their indoor, a profit, to invest in

2)device, the improvement, on a global scale

3)stacked, temptation, never dined out

II Confusable Words

1.1)house 2)Home 3)home, family 4)household

2.1)doubt 2)suspect 3)doubted 4)suspected 5)suspect

III.Word Formation

1)rise 2)final 3)regular 4)cash 5)hows, whys

6)upped 7)yellowed 8)bottled 9)lower 10)search

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.Text-related

1)get by 2)temptation 3)get through 4)improvements

5)aside from 6)suspect 7)supplement 8)profit

9)stacking

2.(Theme-related)

1)replaced 2)consider 3)quit 4)world 5)tough

6)fuels 7)provide 8)luxuries 9)balance 10)ideal

II.Translation

1.We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.2.My father died when I was too young to live on my own.The people of my hometown took over(responsibility for)my upbringing at that point.3.The toys have to meet strict/ tough safety requirements before they can be sold to children.4.Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion.5.When it comes to this magazine, it is/ carries a digest of articles from many newspapers and magazines around the world.A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about.She quit an executive position and opened/ set up a household device store in her neighborhood.People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives.But, to run a small business on a small scale is by no means an easy job.Without her steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expense.Sometimes she did not even have the money to pay the premium for the various kinds of insurance she needed.Fortunately, through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time.She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life.UNIT 2

Vocabulary

I.1.1)decades 5)slender 9)on the side

2)historic 6)web 10)authorized

3)imposed 7)bade 11)terminal

4)religious 8)site 12)make the best of

2.1)went through 2)stood up for 3)laid down 4)take on

5)let(us)down 6)draw on 7)fall into 8)pass for

3.1)The Europeans are fully confident that the Americans will not be able to justify their measures to protect the struggling American steel industry.2)Clinton is, in the eyes of Joe Klein, staff writer of the New Yorker and author of The Natural, the most talented politician of his generation and the most compelling.3)There's not much you can do if people are really intent on destroying themselves with drugs.4)A different experience of the world could forge a completely different approach to life.5)It is our conviction that cloning of human beings is bound to cause many ethical and social problems in the long run.4.1)As for, do not compel, capture of, have forged

2)At huge risk, the mission, shelter

3)who abolished, In the eyes of, racial

II.Words with Multiple Meanings

1.I'll tell you in a minute how I have attained the genuine sense of belonging in America, but first let me hear about your French trip.2.Most McDonald's look almost the same on the outside, but actually there are about 16 different basic designs.3.Loaning money from the banks is but one of the methods we can use to get through a financial crisis.4.This second-hand car has been nothing but trouble;it's always breaking down.5.In your resume you've mentioned everything but one vital point.6.Our technicians have discovered a simple but effective solution to the problem.7.I am sorry, but I think you shouldn't have lingered on over coffee and missed the last bus..8.The bankruptcy of the company was not caused by evil, but by simple ignorance III.Usage

1)lonely 2)friendly 3)weekly, monthly 4)lovely

5)cowardly 6)kindly/ saintly 7)lively 8)motherly

Comprehensive Exercises

I.Cloze

1.Text-related

1)forged 2)stand up 3)compelled 4)convictions 5)mission

6)abolish 7)intent on 8)risk 9)in the eyes of 10)threats

2.(Theme-related)

1)assistance 2)involved 3)estimated 4)coincidence 5)emerged

6)referred 7)numerous 8)stationed 9)concern 10)capture

II.Translation

1.Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis.2.Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.3.According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials.4.Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.5.Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.Shortly after he achieved freedom Henson became intent on assisting fugitive slaves.He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom.Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run.He disguised them and successfully

avoided capture.Later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school.He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.UNIT 3

Vocabulary

I.1.1)threatens 2)by a small margin 3)civilize 4)closed up 5)wandered 6)paste 7)without so much as 8)sideways

9)hook up to 10)universal 11)chart 12)Bathed in

2.1)narrowed down 2)looked back on 3)cut off 4)fit into

5)wear(the other)down 6)lies in 7)put up 8)stand for

3.1)...which is likely to make people vulnerable to asthma has been found by researchers at the Department of Clinical Medicine in Oxford.2)...with mirrored doors had to be built in so as to make their small bedroom look larger.3)...feature the space shuttle Challenger blowing up in January 1986---killing all seven crew.4)...threatened to keep the pupils in after school, they were quieted at once.5)...are a major barrier to the country's economic growth due to the fact that/because imported oil has absorbed 40% of its foreign exchange.4.1)looked back on/ atmosphere/urban life

2)era/ hooked up to the / the electronic

3)the suburb / a sophisticated / system / analyze / make errors

II.1)away 2)inside/in 3)forward/through 4)back

5)off 6)home 7)back down 8)in...out

III.1)Internet is not such an unusual word as it used to be

2)Most men do not look unattractive in them

3)Wealthy as she is, she is not unconcerned by her sudden unemployment

4)The claim is not unrealistic in view of a sharp decrease in the city's violent crimes.5)His poor health is not unrelated to his unhealthy way of life.Comprehensive Exercises

1.Cloze

1.1)Statistics 2)rural 3)era 4)stood for 5)on the latch

6)vulnerable 7)barrier 8)electronic 9)reflection 10)civilized

2.1)together 2)liable 3)shift 4)electric 5)cautious

6)sophisticated 7)thieves 8)break 9)chances 10)signs

II.Translation

1.1)The Internet is changing the way people live,(no matter)whether they are in urban or rural areas.2)Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones.3)With regard to our term paper, the professor asked us to analyze the unemployment chart first, and then provide critical reflections on the nations economic development.4)It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin.5)Looking back on my twenty years' teaching in high school, I attribute my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge.2.It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out.All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes.Thus exposing him to police patrols.Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity.A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night.Make sure/Assure yourself that you don't leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in.If you decide to buy a sophisticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors.In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station.UNIT 4

Vocabulary

I.1.1)accordingly 2)loose 3)concentration 4)stimulating 5)fabric 6)if anything 7)reality 8)intuition

9)trifle 10)at the turn of the century 11)mess

12)undermine

2.1)approve of 2)slow down 3)taken in 4)sucked into

5)set apart 6)dozed off 7)call forth 8)stretch into

9)keep up with 10)believe in

3.1)...provided inspiration for many artists and musicians over the decades.2)...is credited to his powers of imagination

3)...on the foundations of an agricultural revolution

4)...not to make any complaints in the presence of the nurse.5)...the outbreak of the Second World War.4.1)flaw/came to the conclusion/would get nowhere

2)in a row/dozed off/a mess of

3)outbreak of/ has undermined / has strained

II.1)With Christmas only a week away

2)With his physical condition improving day by day

3)With our GDP growing steadily

4)With all the shops closed

5)with her eyes closed

6)With the fog lifting during the night

III.1)like/as 2)as 3)like 4)like/as

5)as/like 6)as 7)like 8)as

Comprehensive Exercises

1.Cloze

1.1)caution 2)came to the conclusion that 3)never get anywhere

4)undermining 5)not give/care a fig 6)flaw

7)beyond any doubt 8)foundation 9)remarkable/impressive

10)imagination

2.1)extent 2)inventions 3)bet 4)manages 5)vision

6)eventually 7)achievement 8)poverty 9)utilized 10)breakthrough

II.Translation

1.1)The volunteers sent/assigned by the Red Cross disinfected, with great caution, the drinking water in the village so as to avoid an outbreak of plague.2)Einstein spent many years trying to unify the theories of electromagnetism and gravity but failed.3)Professor Wang received/won the Presidential Award for his excellence in stimulating students' creative imagination.4)As there were some major design flaws, the board of directors didn't approve of the economic stimulus package.5)Having realized that nobody could help him, Jordan finally came to the conclusion that he had to face reality and take up/meet the challenge by himself.2.What was remarkable about 2005 was perhaps that the UN declared it “The World Year of Physics”.It was the 100th anniversary of Einstein's theory of relativity and the 50th anniversary of his death.In 1905 Einstein published five highly important essays in the history of science, thus revolutionizing physics.His great achievements can be credited to his impressive powers of imagination, constant questioning, and not giving a fig for

authority.It is beyond doubt that Einstein was the greatest scientist in the 20th century.

第四篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文及翻譯

unit 4

Was Einstein a Space Alien? 1 Albert Einstein was exhausted.For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn.When Albert finally dozed off...it was time to get up and go to work.He couldn't skip a day.He needed the job to support his young family.1.阿爾伯特.愛因斯坦精疲力竭。他幼小的兒子漢斯連續(xù)三個(gè)晚上哭鬧不停，弄得全家人直到天亮都無(wú)法入睡。阿爾伯特總算可以打個(gè)瞌睡時(shí)，已是他起床上班的時(shí)候了。他不能一天不上班，他需要這份工作來(lái)養(yǎng)活組建不久的家庭。Walking briskly to the Patent Office, where he was a “Technical Expert, Third Class,” Albert worried about his mother.She was getting older and frail, and she didn't approve of his marriage to Mileva.Relations were strained.Albert glanced at a passing shop window.His hair was a mess;he had forgotten to comb it again.2.阿爾伯特是專利局三等技術(shù)專家。在快步去專利局上班的路上，他為母親憂心忡忡。母親年紀(jì)越來(lái)越大，身體虛弱。她不同意兒子與邁爾娃的婚事，婆媳關(guān)系緊張。阿爾伯特瞥了一下路過(guò)的商店的櫥窗，看見自己頭發(fā)凌亂，他又忘了梳頭了。Work.Family.Making ends meet.Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.3.工作，家庭，維持生計(jì)——阿爾伯特感受到了一位年輕丈夫和年輕父親所要承擔(dān)的全部壓力和責(zé)任。

To relax, he revolutionized physics.他想放松下，卻使物理學(xué)發(fā)生了突破性進(jìn)展 In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of the most important papers in the history of science--all written in his “spare time.” He proved that atoms and molecules existed.Before 1905, scientists weren't sure about that.He argued that light came in little bits(later called “photons”)and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics.He described his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.4.1905年，在他被聘為物理學(xué)教授的前四年，26歲的愛因斯坦發(fā)表了科學(xué)史上最重要論文中的五篇——這些論文都是他在“業(yè)余時(shí)間”完成的。他證明了原子和分子的存在。1905年之前，科學(xué)家們對(duì)此沒(méi)有把握。愛因斯坦論證說(shuō)光以微粒形態(tài)出現(xiàn)（后來(lái)被稱為“光子”），這為量子力學(xué)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。他把狹義相對(duì)論描寫為：時(shí)空如同普通織物中的線，他提出，這些線可以彎曲、拉長(zhǎng)和交織在一起。Oh, and by the way, E=mc2.5.對(duì)了，順便提一下，E = mc2。Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton.It happened in 1666 when Newton secluded himself at his mother's farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge.With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation.6.在愛因斯坦之前，最近一位迸發(fā)出如此創(chuàng)造性思想的科學(xué)家當(dāng)數(shù)艾薩克牛頓

爵士。事情發(fā)生在1666，為了躲避在劍橋爆發(fā)的瘟疫，牛頓去母親的農(nóng)場(chǎng)隱居。由于沒(méi)有什么更好的事可做，他便建立萬(wàn)有引力理論。For centuries historians called 1666 Newton's “miracle year”.Now those words have a different meaning: Einstein and 1905.The United Nations has declared 2005 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einstein's “miracle year.” 7.幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái),歷史學(xué)家稱為1666牛頓的“奇跡年”。現(xiàn)在這些話有不同的意義：愛因斯坦和1905。聯(lián)合國(guó)已經(jīng)宣布2005年“世界物理年“慶祝愛因斯坦“奇跡年”的100周年。8 Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker.His ideas, we're told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists.He must have come from some other planet--maybe the same one Newton grew up on.8.現(xiàn)代流行文化把愛因斯坦繪畫成一位長(zhǎng)著蓬亂頭發(fā)的超級(jí)思想家。據(jù)說(shuō)他的思想不可思議地遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)其他科學(xué)家。他一定是從其他星球來(lái)的——也許是牛頓長(zhǎng)大的同一個(gè)星球。9 “Einstein was no space alien,” laughs Harvard University physicist and science historian Peter Galison.“He was a man of his time.” All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists.“If Einstein hadn't been born, [those papers] would have been written in some form, eventually, by others,” Galison believes.9.“愛因斯坦決不是外星人，”哈佛大學(xué)物理學(xué)家、科學(xué)史家彼得加里森笑著說(shuō)。“他是他那個(gè)時(shí)代的人。”他所有發(fā)表于1905年的論文解決了當(dāng)時(shí)其他科學(xué)家正多多少少在解決的問(wèn)題，“如果沒(méi)有愛因斯坦，其他科學(xué)家最終也會(huì)以某種形式撰寫出這些論文來(lái)的”加里森相信。What's remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.10.1905年不同尋常的是，愛因斯坦一個(gè)人撰寫的五篇論文，而且他得出結(jié)論的方法既富原創(chuàng)性又顯得不合常規(guī)。For example: the photoelectric effect.This was a puzzle in the early 1900s.When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off.This can happen only if light comes in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose.A spread-out wave wouldn't do the photoelectric trick.11.例如：光電效應(yīng)。這在20世紀(jì)初期的一道難題。當(dāng)光照射到金屬（如鋅）上時(shí)，電子飛速飛離電子表面，這種現(xiàn)象只有當(dāng)光的粒子集聚的程度足以把電子擊撞松動(dòng)的時(shí)候才會(huì)發(fā)生。漫延波不會(huì)產(chǎn)生光電效應(yīng)。The solution seems simple--light is particulate.Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921.Other physicists like Max Planck(working on a related problem: blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first.Why? 12.答案似乎很簡(jiǎn)單——光是粒子。事實(shí)上，這是愛因斯坦1905年提出的解答，并因此于1921年獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)。其他物理學(xué)家們，比如比愛因斯坦資歷更深、經(jīng)驗(yàn)更豐富的麥克斯普蘭克（從事研究相關(guān)的問(wèn)題：黑體輻射），其研究正接近

該問(wèn)題的答案，但愛因斯坦捷足先登。為什么？ It's a question of authority.這是對(duì)權(quán)威的看法問(wèn)題 “In Einstein's day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell.Nobody wanted to do that,” says Galison.Maxwell's equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity, magnetism and optics.Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave.Maxwell was an Authority Figure.13.“在愛因斯坦的時(shí)代，如果你試圖說(shuō)光由粒子組成，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己與物理學(xué)家杰姆斯.克拉克.馬克斯威爾持不同觀點(diǎn)。沒(méi)有人想那么做，”加里森說(shuō)道。馬克斯威爾的方程式把物理學(xué)中的電學(xué)、磁學(xué)和光學(xué)統(tǒng)一起來(lái)，獲得了巨大的成功。麥克斯威爾毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)地證明了光是電磁波。他可是權(quán)威人物。Einstein didn't give a fig for authority.He didn't resist being told what to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true.Even as a child he was constantly doubting and questioning.“Your mere presence here undermines the class's respect for me,” spat his 7th grade teacher, Dr.Joseph Degenhart.(Degenhart also predicted that Einstein “would never get anywhere in life.”)This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einstein's discoveries.14.愛因斯坦豪不在乎權(quán)威。他不太反對(duì)別人要求他做什么，但是他不喜歡別人告訴他什么是正確的。即使在小時(shí)候他也不停地質(zhì)疑和問(wèn)問(wèn)題。“你呆在這里損害了全班學(xué)生對(duì)我尊敬，”他第七年級(jí)的老師約瑟夫狄根哈特博士憤怒地說(shuō)。（狄根哈特還預(yù)言愛因斯坦“永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有出息”）這一性格缺陷成為日后愛因斯坦作出種種發(fā)現(xiàn)的主要因素。“In 1905,” notes Galison, “Einstein had just received his Ph.D.He wasn't beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure.” His mind was free to roam accordingly.15.“在1905年，”加里森著重指出，“愛因斯坦剛剛獲得博士學(xué)位，他不感激于論文導(dǎo)師或任何其他權(quán)威人士。”因此，他的思想在自由漫游。In retrospect, Maxwell was right.Light is a wave.But Einstein was right, too.Light is a particle.This bizarre duality baffles Physics 101 students today just as it baffled Einstein in 1905.How can light be both? Einstein had no idea.16.回想起來(lái)，麥克斯威爾是正確的。光是一種波。但愛因斯坦也是對(duì)的。光是粒子。這種異乎尋常的二象性使今天選修無(wú)力101課程的同學(xué)們感到困惑，就像在1905年使愛因斯坦感到困惑一樣。光怎么可能既是波又是粒子呢？愛因斯坦無(wú)法理解。That didn't slow him down.Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool.“I believe in intuition and inspiration,” he wrote in 1931.“At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason.” 17.困惑并沒(méi)有使愛因斯坦放慢探究的腳步。愛因斯坦不屑謹(jǐn)小慎微，他采用直覺(jué)跳躍思維作為基本工具。“我相信直覺(jué)和靈感，”他在1931年寫道。“有時(shí)盡管不知道原因，但是我肯定我是對(duì)的。Although Einstein's five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, deeply, since childhood.“Science was dinner-table conversation in the Einstein household,” explains Galison.Albert's father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran a German company making such things as dynamos, arc lamps, light bulbs and telephones.This was high-tech at the turn of the century, “l(fā)ike a Silicon Valley company would be today,” notes Galison.“Albert's interest in science and technology came naturally.” 18.雖說(shuō)愛因斯坦在短短的一年內(nèi)發(fā)表了五篇論文，其實(shí)他童年時(shí)代就一直深入地思考物理的問(wèn)題。“科學(xué)是愛因斯坦在餐桌上聊天的話題。”加里森解釋道。愛因斯坦的父親赫爾曼和叔叔雅各布經(jīng)營(yíng)一家德國(guó)公司，制造發(fā)電機(jī)，電弧燈，燈泡、電話等諸如此類的產(chǎn)品。這是（20）世紀(jì)之初屬于高科技，“像今天的硅谷公司，”加里森著重提到。“艾伯特對(duì)科學(xué)技術(shù)與生俱來(lái)懷有興趣。” Einstein's parents sometimes took Albert to parties.No babysitter was required: Albert sat on the couch, totally absorbed, quietly doing math problems while others danced around him.Pencil and paper were Albert's GameBoy!19.愛因斯坦的父母有時(shí)會(huì)帶兒子參加聚會(huì)。她們不常請(qǐng)人看孩子：當(dāng)其他人在他周圍跳舞時(shí)，阿爾伯特坐在沙發(fā)上，全神貫注，靜靜地做數(shù)學(xué)題。筆和紙是阿爾伯特的玩具！20 He had impressive powers of concentration.Einstein's sister, Maja, recalled “...even when there was a lot of noise, he could lie down on the sofa, pick up a pen and paper, precariously balance an inkwell on the backrest and engross himself in a problem so much that the background noise stimulated rather than disturbed him.” 20.他有極強(qiáng)的集中思想的能力。愛因斯坦的妹妹瑪雅，回憶說(shuō)：“??即使周圍非常吵鬧，他也能躺在沙發(fā)上，拿起紙和筆，悠悠地把墨水池放在一個(gè)靠背上，專心致志得解題，北京聲音不但沒(méi)有打擾他，反而激勵(lì)他。” Einstein was clearly intelligent, but not outlandishly more so than his peers.“I have no special talents,” he claimed, “I am only passionately curious.” And again: “The contrast between the popular assessment of my powers...and the reality is simply grotesque.” Einstein credited his discoveries to imagination and pesky questioning more so than orthodox intelligence.21.愛因斯坦顯然很聰明，但不比他的同齡人超出多少。“我沒(méi)有什么特別的才能，”他說(shuō)，“只是我的好奇心非常強(qiáng)烈。”還有：“大眾對(duì)我能力的評(píng)估?和現(xiàn)實(shí)之間的差異簡(jiǎn)直大得荒唐。”愛因斯坦把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)更多地歸功于想象力和不斷提問(wèn)而不是普通所謂的智慧。Later in life, it should be remembered, he struggled mightily to produce a unified field theory, combining gravity with other forces of nature.He failed.Einstein's brainpower was not limitless.22.應(yīng)該記住的是，愛因斯坦在晚年竭盡全力想象提出統(tǒng)一場(chǎng)論，把萬(wàn)有引力和自然界中其他的力結(jié)合起來(lái)。但他失敗了。愛因斯坦的智力不是無(wú)限的。Neither was Einstein's brain.It was removed without permission by Dr.Thomas Harvey in 1955 when Einstein died.He probably expected to find something extraordinary:Einstein's mother Pauline had famously worried that baby Einstein's head was lopsided.(Einstein's grandmother had a different concern: “Much too fat!”)But Einstein's brain looked much like any other, gray, crinkly, and, if anything, a trifle smaller than average.23.愛因斯坦的大腦也是如此。他1955年去世的時(shí)候，托馬斯哈維醫(yī)生在未經(jīng)許可的情況下解剖了他的大腦。也許他期盼發(fā)現(xiàn)一些驚人的東西。但是愛因斯坦死的大腦看起來(lái)和其他人的大腦很相似，灰色，波狀的。如果非要說(shuō)什么不同，那就是他的大腦比正常人的小一點(diǎn)。

軼事愛因斯坦

廢紙簍他的錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，艾伯特愛因斯坦抵達(dá)美國(guó)，在54歲駛?cè)爰~約港的遠(yuǎn)洋班輪westernland十月171933，官方歡迎委員會(huì)正在等著他。愛因斯坦和他的隨行人員，然而，不知去向。亞伯拉罕弗萊克斯納，導(dǎo)演在普林斯頓高等研究院，新澤西，被屏蔽他的名人教授從宣傳。所以他派拖船精神偉人從westernland盡快通過(guò)檢疫。他的頭發(fā)撥出一個(gè)寬邊黑帽，愛因斯坦偷偷地到拖船上岸，這使他和他的黨下曼哈頓，在車接送到普林斯頓。”愛因斯坦博士是想求得和平和安靜，”弗萊克斯納告訴記者。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主在1921他對(duì)理論物理學(xué)，愛因斯坦得到一個(gè)辦公室在學(xué)院。他問(wèn)他需要什么設(shè)備。”一個(gè)寫字臺(tái)或桌子，椅子，紙和鉛筆，”他回答說(shuō)。“哦，和一個(gè)大簍，所以我可以扔掉我所有的錯(cuò)誤。”他和埃爾莎，他的妻子，租了一個(gè)房子和定居生活在普林斯頓。他喜歡美國(guó)的事實(shí)，盡管其不平等的財(cái)富和種族不公正，更多的是一個(gè)精英比歐洲。”讓新來(lái)的

致力于這個(gè)國(guó)家的民主特質(zhì)的人，”他后來(lái)奇跡。”沒(méi)有人謙卑自己，在另一個(gè)人。”不是一個(gè)愛因斯坦愛因斯坦，然而，沒(méi)有愛因斯坦的時(shí)候他還是一個(gè)孩子的成長(zhǎng)。在慕尼黑，德國(guó)，第一個(gè)孩子的赫爾曼和保羅愛因斯坦，他在緩慢的學(xué)習(xí)說(shuō)話。“我的父母非常擔(dān)心，”他回憶道，“他們找醫(yī)生。”當(dāng)他開始使用的話2歲之后，他制定了一個(gè)怪癖，促使他的保姆給他遲鈍的人。”他所說(shuō)的每一句，無(wú)論多么常規(guī)，”回憶起他的妹妹，瑪雅，”他輕聲地反復(fù)，動(dòng)動(dòng)嘴唇。”他緩慢發(fā)展的結(jié)合是一個(gè)厚臉皮的叛逆的權(quán)威，從而導(dǎo)致一個(gè)德國(guó)校長(zhǎng)把他包裝。另一個(gè)說(shuō)，愛因斯坦不會(huì)多。“當(dāng)我問(wèn)自己這是怎么發(fā)生的，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了相對(duì)論，它似乎躺在下面的情況，”愛因斯坦后來(lái)解釋說(shuō)。“普通成人不會(huì)困擾他的頭問(wèn)題的空間和時(shí)間。這些都是他認(rèn)為作為一個(gè)孩子。但我發(fā)展很慢，我開始思考的空間和時(shí)間，當(dāng)我已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了。我更深入探討的問(wèn)題不是一個(gè)普通的孩子都有一個(gè)快樂(lè)的科學(xué)。”鼓勵(lì)他的和藹的父親，誰(shuí)經(jīng)營(yíng)家族生意，和他熱愛音樂(lè)的母親，愛因斯坦花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)的工作上的難題和建筑 塔的玩具。”的毅力和韌性是他性格中的一部分，”他的妹妹說(shuō)。一次，愛因斯坦生病在床上作為一個(gè)孩子，他的父親帶他一個(gè)指南針。愛因斯坦后來(lái)想起這么激動(dòng)，當(dāng)他檢查了它的神秘力量，他顫抖著越來(lái)越冷。磁針的表現(xiàn)好像受到一個(gè)隱藏的力場(chǎng)，而不是通過(guò)機(jī)械的方法接觸或接觸。”深深的藏得背后的東西，”他說(shuō)。他對(duì)磁域，重力，慣性和光束。他保留的能力，將兩個(gè)念頭的同時(shí)，感到困惑時(shí)，沖突和喜悅時(shí)，他看到一個(gè)潛在的團(tuán)結(jié)。”像你我這樣的人是永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)老的，”他寫道，一個(gè)朋友多年以后我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)。”都是好奇的孩童面前的偉大神秘的，我們是天生的。”普遍的看法相反，愛因斯坦擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)。在13歲的時(shí)候，他已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)偏愛解決復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)，他的妹妹回憶說(shuō)。一個(gè)叔叔，雅各布愛因斯坦，工程師，把他介紹給歡樂(lè)的代數(shù)，稱它是“快樂(lè)的科學(xué)，”當(dāng)愛因斯坦取得了勝利，他“很高興不已。”他從閱讀科普書籍，這表明他“圣經(jīng)不可能是真的，”愛因斯坦制定了一個(gè)抵制一切形式的教條。他寫了1901，“一個(gè)愚蠢的信仰權(quán)威是真理最大的敵人。”

一個(gè)驕傲的美國(guó)在15歲時(shí)，愛因斯坦離開德國(guó)去了意大利北部，在那里他的父母遷往自己的業(yè)務(wù)，并在16，他寫了他的第一篇文章在理論物理。愛因斯坦發(fā)現(xiàn)了相對(duì)論，他畢業(yè)于蘇黎世理工大學(xué)1900當(dāng)他21，涉及的直覺(jué)知識(shí)以及個(gè)人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。他發(fā)展的理論，從1905開始，后一個(gè)工作在瑞士專利局。但他的理論并不完全接受，直到1919，當(dāng)觀測(cè)在一次日食證實(shí)他的預(yù)測(cè)多少太陽(yáng)的引力彎曲的光束。在年齡40，1919，愛因斯坦突然被世界著名。他也結(jié)婚的埃爾莎和他的妻子，是父親的兒子從他的第一次婚姻。1921的春天，他的名聲大爆炸導(dǎo)致盛大月訪問(wèn)美國(guó)，在那里他收到熱烈歡迎，他會(huì)喚起大眾瘋狂所到之處。世界從未見過(guò)這樣一個(gè)科學(xué)名人明星。愛因斯坦熱愛美國(guó)，欣賞其連發(fā)繁榮的結(jié)果，自由和個(gè)人主義。在3月1933，希特勒在德國(guó)，愛因斯坦意識(shí)到他可以不再生活在歐洲的。秋天，他定居在普林斯頓，和1940，他是美國(guó)公民，自豪地稱自己美國(guó)。自然界的和諧和數(shù)學(xué)

他的第一個(gè)萬(wàn)圣節(jié)生活在美國(guó)，愛因斯坦解除了一些搗蛋的小夜曲驚訝他們?cè)陂T口和小提琴。在圣誕節(jié)，當(dāng)成員的本地教會(huì)來(lái)唱圣誕頌歌，他走到外面，借了一把小提琴，愉快地陪他們。愛因斯坦很快獲得的圖像，它長(zhǎng)到附近的一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，是一個(gè)親切的教授，分散在次但始終甜，誰(shuí)很少梳頭穿襪子。”我已經(jīng)到了一歲時(shí)，如果有人告訴我穿襪子，我不去，”他告訴當(dāng)?shù)氐囊恍┖⒆印Ｋ?jīng)幫助一個(gè)15歲的學(xué)生，亨利·羅索，以新聞?lì)悺Ｎ覀兊睦蠋熖峁┝艘粋€(gè)高檔的人得分采訪的科學(xué)家，所以我們出現(xiàn)在愛因斯坦的家，卻被拒絕在門外。送牛奶的人給了他一個(gè)提示：愛因斯坦走了一段路每早晨9: 30.rosso溜出學(xué)校，同他搭訕。但學(xué)生，突然所有的困惑，不知道問(wèn)什么。所以愛因斯坦提出的問(wèn)題，關(guān)于數(shù)學(xué)的。”我發(fā)現(xiàn)大自然是建造在一個(gè)美妙的方式，我們的任務(wù)就是找到我們的[它]的數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)，”愛因斯坦解釋了自己的教育。”它是一種信念，幫助我通過(guò)我的整個(gè)生活。”訪談獲得亨利羅索A。

unit 5 Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley served in the Coast Guard during World War ll.On an especially lonely day to be at sea--Thanksgiving Day--he began to give serious thought to a holiday that has become, for many Americans, a day of overeating and watching endless games of football.Haley decided to celebrate the true meaning of Thanksgiving by writing three very special letters.亞歷克斯·黑利二戰(zhàn)時(shí)在海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)服役。出海在外，時(shí)逢一個(gè)倍感孤寂的日子――感恩節(jié)，他開始認(rèn)真思考起這一節(jié)日的意義。對(duì)許多美國(guó)人而言，這個(gè)節(jié)日已成為大吃大喝、沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地看橄欖球比賽的日子。黑利決定寫三封不同尋常的信，以此來(lái)紀(jì)念感恩節(jié)的真正意義。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.寫三封感謝信 亞利克斯·黑利

那是在二戰(zhàn)期間的1943年，我是個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)隊(duì)員。我們的船，美國(guó)軍艦軍市一號(hào)已出海多日。多數(shù)船艙裝著成千上萬(wàn)箱罐裝或風(fēng)干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在墊過(guò)的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個(gè)規(guī)模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是軍市一號(hào)上的一個(gè)廚師，跟岸上的人一樣，那個(gè)感恩節(jié)的上午，我們忙著在準(zhǔn)備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.當(dāng)廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過(guò)，等到太陽(yáng)快下山時(shí)，我們總算全都收拾停當(dāng)了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我開始思索起感恩節(jié)這個(gè)節(jié)日來(lái)，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的事什么――某種我能夠賦予這一節(jié)日以個(gè)人意義的方式。大概過(guò)了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右我才意識(shí)到，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個(gè)字前后顛倒一下――那樣一來(lái)至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表達(dá)謝意――就如在祈禱時(shí)感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對(duì)啊，是這樣，當(dāng)然是這樣。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

過(guò)了片刻，如同晨曦初現(xiàn)，一個(gè)更清晰的念頭終于涌現(xiàn)腦際――要感謝他人，那些賜我以諸多恩惠，我根本無(wú)以回報(bào)的人們。令我深感不安的實(shí)際情形是，我向來(lái)對(duì)他們所做的一切受之泰然，認(rèn)為是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)。我一次也沒(méi)想過(guò)要對(duì)他們中的任何一位真心誠(chéng)意地說(shuō)一句簡(jiǎn)單的謝謝。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七個(gè)人對(duì)我有過(guò)不同尋常、影響深遠(yuǎn)的幫助。令人難過(guò)的是，我意識(shí)到，他們中有一半已經(jīng)過(guò)世了――因此他們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著他們各自對(duì)我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達(dá)我對(duì)他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械師范學(xué)院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮(zhèn)亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭·帕爾默；以及我的文法學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾·納爾遜牧師。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是這樣開頭的：“出海在外度過(guò)的這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)您說(shuō)過(guò)自己是多么想感謝您――”我簡(jiǎn)短回憶了各位為我所做的具體事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時(shí)代起，他就讓我深深意識(shí)到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實(shí)上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習(xí)慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學(xué)的單詞。我對(duì)書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導(dǎo)我自己撰文著書。多少次，當(dāng)我看到如今的孩子們?nèi)绱顺撩杂陔娮用襟w時(shí)，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發(fā)現(xiàn)的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學(xué)生做禱告，以此開始鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)的一天。我告訴他，我后來(lái)所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學(xué)校晨禱的影響。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來(lái)讓我吃到她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來(lái)沒(méi)吃過(guò)那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因?yàn)樗谖业纳腥鱿旅烂畹腻谙搿?/p>

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡覺(jué)前，我的這三封信都送進(jìn)了船上的郵袋。我們抵達(dá)圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規(guī)，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷漸漸淡忘。我們?cè)诤Ｉ虾叫袝r(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)與郵船會(huì)合，郵船會(huì)帶給我們家信，當(dāng)然這是我們視為最緊要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每當(dāng)船上的喇叭響起：“大伙聽好！郵件點(diǎn)名！”200名左右的水兵就會(huì)沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個(gè)站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把信，大聲念收信水手的名字，叫到的人從人群當(dāng)中擠出，一邊應(yīng)道：“來(lái)了，來(lái)了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“郵件點(diǎn)名”帶給我外祖母，爸爸，以及納爾遜牧師的回信――我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們?cè)徫乙郧安辉兄x他們，相反，他們向我致謝，天哪，就因?yàn)槲矣浀茫鸵驗(yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為他們做了不同尋常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身為大學(xué)教授的爸爸向來(lái)特別留意不使用任何過(guò)于感情化的文字，因此，當(dāng)他對(duì)我寫道，在教了許許多多的年輕人之后，他認(rèn)為自己最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生當(dāng)中也包括自己的兒子時(shí)，我知道他是多么地感動(dòng)。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.納爾遜牧師寫道，他那平凡的傳統(tǒng)校長(zhǎng)的歲月隨著學(xué)校里發(fā)生的如此迅猛的變化而結(jié)束，他懷著自我懷疑的心態(tài)退了休。“說(shuō)我做得不對(duì)的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于說(shuō)我做得對(duì)的，” 他寫道，接著說(shuō)我的信給他帶來(lái)了振奮人心的信心：自己的校長(zhǎng)生涯還是有其價(jià)值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的筆跡，我頓時(shí)回想起往日站在她的白色搖椅旁看她給親戚寫信的情景。外祖母一個(gè)字母一個(gè)字母地慢慢拼出一個(gè)詞，接著是下一個(gè)詞，因此寫滿一頁(yè)要花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。捧著外祖母最近花費(fèi)不少工夫?qū)ξ冶磉_(dá)了充滿慈愛的謝意，我禁不住流淚――從前是她給我換尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.許多年后，我從海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)退役，試著靠寫作為生，我一直不曾忘記那三封“感謝”信是如何使我認(rèn)識(shí)到，大凡人都暗自期望著有更多的人對(duì)自己的努力表達(dá)謝意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.現(xiàn)在，感恩節(jié)又將來(lái)臨，我自問(wèn)，對(duì)此文的讀者，對(duì)我們的祖國(guó)，事實(shí)上對(duì)全世界，我有什么祝愿，因?yàn)椋靡晃簧屏级矣钟兄腔鄣呐笥训脑拋?lái)說(shuō)，“我們究其實(shí)都是十分相像的凡人，有著相似的需求。”當(dāng)然，我首先祝愿大家記住這一簡(jiǎn)單的常識(shí)：實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平，這對(duì)我們自身的存亡至關(guān)重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我還有別的祝愿――這一祝愿是如此強(qiáng)烈，我將這句話印在我所有的信箋底部：“發(fā)現(xiàn)并褒揚(yáng)各種美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春節(jié)那樣，散居各處的美國(guó)人到感恩節(jié)就回家團(tuán)聚。埃倫·古德曼在等待著子女回家的同時(shí)，思索著當(dāng)子女長(zhǎng)大離家，常常在遠(yuǎn)方定居之后，父母與子女關(guān)系的不斷變化。

找不到b了

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

約翰西病情嚴(yán)重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫(yī)生對(duì)她不抱什么希望。朋友們看來(lái)也愛莫能助。難道真的就無(wú)可奈何了嗎？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片葉子 歐·亨利

在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個(gè)畫室。“約翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱。她們一位來(lái)自緬因州，一位來(lái)自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個(gè)咖啡館，發(fā)現(xiàn)各自在藝術(shù)品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個(gè)兩人畫室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個(gè)醫(yī)生稱之為肺炎的陰森的隱形客闖入了這一地區(qū)，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調(diào)沉悶的側(cè)墻。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫(yī)生揚(yáng)了揚(yáng)灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來(lái)到過(guò)道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他說(shuō)。“那還得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經(jīng)下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去畫那不勒斯灣，”蘇說(shuō)。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“畫畫？――得了。她有沒(méi)有別的事值得她留戀的――比如說(shuō)，一個(gè)男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”蘇說(shuō)。“難道一個(gè)男人就值得――可是，她沒(méi)有啊，大夫，沒(méi)有這碼子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫說(shuō)。“我會(huì)盡一切努力，只要是科學(xué)能做到的。可是，但凡病人開始計(jì)算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車的時(shí)候，我就要把醫(yī)藥的療效減去一半。”大夫走后，蘇去工作室哭了一場(chǎng)。隨后她攜著畫板大步走進(jìn)約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數(shù)著數(shù)――倒數(shù)著數(shù)！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她數(shù)道，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒“11”，接著數(shù)“10”和“9”；再數(shù)“8”和“7”，幾乎一口同時(shí)數(shù)下來(lái)。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數(shù)的呢？外面只看到一個(gè)空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開外那磚房的側(cè)墻，上面什么也沒(méi)有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，約翰西數(shù)著，聲音幾乎聽不出來(lái)。“現(xiàn)在葉子掉落得快多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數(shù)得我頭都疼。可現(xiàn)在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，親愛的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會(huì)這樣。大夫沒(méi)跟你說(shuō)嗎？”

”O(jiān)h, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我從沒(méi)聽說(shuō)過(guò)這種胡說(shuō)八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關(guān)系？別這么傻。對(duì)了，大夫上午跟我說(shuō)，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些湯，讓蘇迪給她生病的孩子去買些波爾圖葡萄酒來(lái)。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去買酒了，”約翰西說(shuō)道，兩眼一直盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時(shí)我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開一切, 飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”蘇說(shuō)。“我得叫貝爾曼上樓來(lái)給我當(dāng)老礦工模特兒。我去去就來(lái)。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個(gè)畫家。他已年過(guò)六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長(zhǎng)髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術(shù)家，但在藝術(shù)上卻沒(méi)有什么成就。40年來(lái)他一直想創(chuàng)作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒(méi)能動(dòng)手。他給那些請(qǐng)不起職業(yè)模特的青年畫家當(dāng)模特掙點(diǎn)小錢。他沒(méi)節(jié)制地喝酒，談?wù)撝羌磳?wèn)世的不朽之作。要說(shuō)其他方面，他是個(gè)好斗的小老頭，要是誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫室里兩位年輕藝術(shù)家的看護(hù)人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫架上支著一張從未落過(guò)筆的畫布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說(shuō)了，并說(shuō)約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話，真的會(huì)凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說(shuō)他蔑視這種傻念頭。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes.“

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有這么愚蠢的人，因?yàn)闃淙~從藤上掉落就要去死？我聽都沒(méi)聽說(shuō)過(guò)這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個(gè)怪腦袋里？天哪！這不是一個(gè)像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫一幅巨作，那時(shí)候我們就離開這里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經(jīng)睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個(gè)房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人面面相覷，啞然無(wú)語(yǔ)。外面冷雨夾雪，淅淅瀝瀝。貝爾曼穿著破舊的藍(lán)色襯衣, 坐在充當(dāng)?shù)V石的倒置的水壺上，擺出礦工的架勢(shì)。

When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade.第二天早上，只睡了一個(gè)小時(shí)的蘇醒來(lái)看到約翰西睜大著無(wú)神的雙眼，凝望著拉下的綠色窗簾。

”Pull it up;I want to see,“ she ordered, in a whisper.“把窗簾拉起來(lái)；我要看，”她低聲命令道。

Wearily Sue obeyed.蘇帶著疲倦，遵命拉起窗簾。

But, Lo!after the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf.It was the last on the vine.Still dark green near its stem, but with its edges colored yellow, it hung bravely from a branch some twenty feet above the ground.可是，瞧！經(jīng)過(guò)一整夜的急風(fēng)驟雨，竟然還存留一片常青藤葉，背靠磚墻，格外顯目。這是常青藤上的最后一片葉子。近梗部位仍呈暗綠色，但邊緣已經(jīng)泛黃了，它無(wú)所畏懼地掛在離地20多英尺高的枝干上。

”It is the last one,“ said Johnsy.”I thought it would surely fall during the night.I heard the wind.It will fall today, and I shall die at the same time.“

“這是最后一片葉子，”約翰西說(shuō)。“我以為夜里它肯定會(huì)掉落的。我晚上聽到大風(fēng)呼嘯。今天它會(huì)掉落的，葉子掉的時(shí)候，也是我死的時(shí)候。”

The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to its stem against the wall.And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed.白天慢慢過(guò)去了，即便在暮色黃昏之中，他們?nèi)阅芸吹侥瞧铝懔愕某Ｇ嗵偃~子，背靠磚墻，緊緊抱住梗莖。爾后，隨著夜幕的降臨，又是北風(fēng)大作。

When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.等天色亮起，冷酷無(wú)情的約翰西命令將窗簾拉起。

The ivy leaf was still there.常青藤葉依然挺在。

Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it.And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken soup over the gas stove.約翰西躺在那兒，望著它許久許久。接著她大聲呼喚正在煤氣灶上攪雞湯的蘇。

”I've been a bad girl, Sudie,“ said Johnsy.”Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was.It is a sin to want to die.You may bring me a little soup now, and some milk with a little port in it and--no;bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook.“

“我一直像個(gè)不乖的孩子，蘇迪，”約翰西說(shuō)。“有一種力量讓那最后一片葉子不掉，好讓我看到自己有多壞。想死是一種罪過(guò)。你給我喝點(diǎn)湯吧，再來(lái)點(diǎn)牛奶，稍放一點(diǎn)波爾圖葡萄酒――不，先給我拿面小鏡子來(lái)，弄幾個(gè)枕頭墊在我身邊，我要坐起來(lái)看你做菜。”

An hour later she said:

一個(gè)小時(shí)之后，她說(shuō)：

”Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples.“

“蘇迪，我真想有一天去畫那不勒斯海灣。”

The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left.下午大夫來(lái)了，他走時(shí)蘇找了個(gè)借口跟進(jìn)了過(guò)道。

”Even chances,“ said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his.“現(xiàn)在是勢(shì)均力敵，”大夫說(shuō)著，握了握蘇纖細(xì)顫抖的手。

”With good nursing you'll win.And now I must see another case I have downstairs.Behrman, his name is--some kind of an artist, I believe.Pneumonia, too.He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute.There is no hope for him;but he goes to the hospital today to be made more comfortable.“

“只要精心照料，你就贏了。現(xiàn)在我得去樓下看另外一個(gè)病人了。貝爾曼，是他的名字――記得是個(gè)什么畫家。也是肺炎。他年老體弱，病來(lái)勢(shì)又猛。他是沒(méi)救了。不過(guò)今天他去了醫(yī)院，照料得會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。”

The next day the doctor said to Sue: ”She's out of danger.You've won.The right food and care now--that's all.“

第二天，大夫?qū)μK說(shuō)：“她脫離危險(xiǎn)了。你贏了。注意飲食，好好照顧，就行了。”

And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay and put one arm around her.當(dāng)日下午，蘇來(lái)到約翰西的床頭，用一只手臂摟住她。

”I have something to tell you, white mouse,“ she said.”Mr.Behrman died of pneumonia today in the hospital.He was ill only two days.He was found on the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain.His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold.They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a terrible night.And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colors mixed on it, and--look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall.Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece--he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."

“我跟你說(shuō)件事，小白鼠，”她說(shuō)。“貝爾曼先生今天在醫(yī)院里得肺炎去世了。他得病才兩天。發(fā)病那天上午人家在樓下他的房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)他疼得利害。他的鞋子衣服都濕透了，冰冷冰冷的。他們想不出那么糟糕的天氣他夜里會(huì)去哪兒。后來(lái)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)燈籠，還亮著，還有一個(gè)梯子被拖了出來(lái)，另外還有些散落的畫筆，一個(gè)調(diào)色板，和著黃綠兩種顏色，――看看窗外，寶貝兒，看看墻上那最后一片常青藤葉子。它在刮風(fēng)的時(shí)候一動(dòng)也不動(dòng)，你沒(méi)有覺(jué)得奇怪嗎？啊，親愛的，那是貝爾曼的杰作――最后一片葉子掉落的那天夜里他畫上了這片葉子。”

He did not trust the woman to trust him.And he did not trust the woman not to trust him.And he did not want to be mistrusted now.他不敢相信這個(gè)女人居然會(huì)信任自己。他也不認(rèn)為這個(gè)女人就不信任自己。不過(guò)，現(xiàn)在他不想失去別人對(duì)自己的信任。

第五篇：全新版大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程3課文原文和翻譯

unit 1 Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside.Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land.Few get round to putting their dreams into practice.This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm.Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life.在美國(guó)，不少人對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村生活懷有浪漫的情感。許多居住在城鎮(zhèn)的人夢(mèng)想著自己辦個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)，夢(mèng)想著靠土地為生。很少有人真去把夢(mèng)想變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。或許這也沒(méi)有什么不好，因?yàn)椋缂贰ざ酄柕佼?dāng)初開始其寫作和農(nóng)場(chǎng)經(jīng)營(yíng)雙重生涯時(shí)所體驗(yàn)到的那樣，農(nóng)耕生活遠(yuǎn)非輕松自在。但他寫道，自己并不后悔，對(duì)自己作出的改變生活方式的決定仍熱情不減。

Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life

Jim Doherty

There are two things I have always wanted to do--write and live

on a farm.Today I'm doing both.I am not in E.B.White's class as a writer or in my neighbors' league as a farmer, but I'm getting by.And after years of frustration with city and suburban living, my wife Sandy and I have finally found contentment here in the country.多爾蒂先生創(chuàng)建自己的理想生活

吉姆·多爾蒂

有兩件事是我一直想做的――寫作與務(wù)農(nóng)。如今我同時(shí)做著這兩件事。作為作家，我和E·B·懷特不屬同一等級(jí)，作為農(nóng)場(chǎng)主，我和鄉(xiāng)鄰也不是同一類人，不過(guò)我應(yīng)付得還行。在城市以及郊區(qū)歷經(jīng)多年的悵惘失望之后，我和妻子桑迪終于在這里的鄉(xiāng)村尋覓到心靈的滿足。

It's a self-reliant sort of life.We grow nearly all of our fruits and vegetables.Our hens keep us in eggs, with several dozen left over to sell each week.Our bees provide us with honey, and we cut enough wood to just about make it through the heating season.這是一種自力更生的生活。我們食用的果蔬幾乎都是自己種的。自家飼養(yǎng)的雞提供雞蛋，每星期還能剩余幾十個(gè)出售。自家養(yǎng)殖的蜜蜂提供蜂蜜，我們還自己動(dòng)手砍柴，足可供過(guò)冬取暖之用。

It's a satisfying life too.In the summer we canoe on the river, go

picnicking in the woods and take long bicycle rides.In the winter we ski and skate.We get excited about sunsets.We love the smell of the earth warming and the sound of cattle lowing.We watch for hawks in the sky and deer in the cornfields.這也是一種令人滿足的生活。夏日里我們?cè)诤由鲜幹郏诹肿永镆安停T著自行車長(zhǎng)時(shí)間漫游。冬日里我們滑雪溜冰。我們?yōu)槁淙盏挠噍x而激動(dòng)。我們愛聞大地回暖的氣息，愛聽牛群哞叫。我們守著看鷹兒飛過(guò)上空，看玉米田間鹿群嬉躍。

But the good life can get pretty tough.Three months ago when it was 30 below, we spent two miserable days hauling firewood up the river on a sled.Three months from now, it will be 95 above and we will be cultivating corn, weeding strawberries and killing chickens.Recently, Sandy and I had to retile the back roof.Soon Jim, 16 and Emily, 13, the youngest of our four children, will help me make some long-overdue improvements on the outdoor toilet that supplements our indoor plumbing when we are working outside.Later this month, we'll spray the orchard, paint the barn, plant the garden and clean the hen house before the new chicks arrive.但如此美妙的生活有時(shí)會(huì)變得相當(dāng)艱苦。就在三個(gè)月前，氣溫降到華氏零下30度，我們辛苦勞作了整整兩天，用一個(gè)雪橇沿著河邊拖運(yùn)木柴。再過(guò)三個(gè)月，氣溫會(huì)升到95度，我們就要給玉米松土，在草莓地除草，還要宰殺家禽。前一陣子我和桑迪不得不翻修后屋頂。過(guò)些時(shí)候，四個(gè)孩子中的兩個(gè)小的，16歲的吉米和13歲的埃米莉，會(huì)幫著我一起把拖了很久沒(méi)修的室外廁所修葺一下，那是專為室外干活修建的。這個(gè)月晚些時(shí)候，我們要給果樹噴灑藥水，要油漆谷倉(cāng)，要給菜園播種，要趕在新的小雞運(yùn)到之前清掃雞舍。

In between such chores, I manage to spend 50 to 60 hours a week at the typewriter or doing reporting for the freelance articles I sell to magazines and newspapers.Sandy, meanwhile, pursues her own demanding schedule.Besides the usual household routine, she oversees the garden and beehives, bakes bread, cans and freezes, drives the kids to their music lessons, practices with them, takes organ lessons on her own, does research and typing for me, writes an article herself now and then, tends the flower beds, stacks a little wood and delivers the eggs.There is, as the old saying goes, no rest for the wicked on a place like this--and not much for the virtuous either.在這些活計(jì)之間，我每周要抽空花五、六十個(gè)小時(shí)，不是打字撰文，就是為作為自由撰稿人投給報(bào)刊的文章進(jìn)行采訪。桑迪則有她自己繁忙的工作日程。除了日常的家務(wù)，她還照管菜園和蜂房，烘烤面包，將食品裝罐、冷藏，開車送孩子學(xué)音樂(lè)，和他們一起練習(xí)，自己還要上風(fēng)琴課，為我做些研究工作并打字，自己有時(shí)也寫寫文章，還要侍弄花圃，堆摞木柴、運(yùn)送雞蛋。正如老話說(shuō)的那樣，在這種情形之下，壞人不得閑――賢德之人也歇

不了。

None of us will ever forget our first winter.We were buried under five feet of snow from December through March.While one storm after another blasted huge drifts up against the house and barn, we kept warm inside burning our own wood, eating our own apples and loving every minute of it.我們誰(shuí)也不會(huì)忘記第一年的冬天。從12月一直到3月底，我們都被深達(dá)5英尺的積雪困著。暴風(fēng)雪肆虐，一場(chǎng)接著一場(chǎng)，積雪厚厚地覆蓋著屋子和谷倉(cāng)，而室內(nèi)，我們用自己砍伐的木柴燒火取暖，吃著自家種植的蘋果，溫馨快樂(lè)每一分鐘。

When spring came, it brought two floods.First the river overflowed, covering much of our land for weeks.Then the growing season began, swamping us under wave after wave of produce.Our freezer filled up with cherries, raspberries, strawberries, asparagus, peas, beans and corn.Then our canned-goods shelves and cupboards began to grow with preserves, tomato juice, grape juice, plums, jams and jellies.Eventually, the basement floor disappeared under piles of potatoes, squash and pumpkins, and the barn began to fill with apples and pears.It was amazing.開春后，有過(guò)兩次泛濫。一次是河水外溢，我們不少田地被淹

了幾個(gè)星期。接著一次是生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)到了，一波又一波的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品潮涌而來(lái)，弄得我們應(yīng)接不暇。我們的冰箱里塞滿了櫻桃、藍(lán)莓、草莓、蘆筍、豌豆、青豆和玉米。接著我們存放食品罐的架子上、柜櫥里也開始堆滿一罐罐的腌漬食品，有番茄汁、葡萄汁、李子、果醬和果凍。最后，地窖里遍地是大堆大堆的土豆、西葫蘆、南瓜，谷倉(cāng)里也儲(chǔ)滿了蘋果和梨。真是太美妙了。

The next year we grew even more food and managed to get through the winter on firewood that was mostly from our own trees and only 100 gallons of heating oil.At that point I began thinking seriously about quitting my job and starting to freelance.The timing was terrible.By then, Shawn and Amy, our oldest girls were attending expensive Ivy League schools and we had only a few thousand dollars in the bank.Yet we kept coming back to the same question: Will there ever be a better time? The answer, decidedly, was no, and so--with my employer's blessings and half a year's pay in accumulated benefits in my pocket--off I went.第二年我們種了更多的作物，差不多就靠著從自家樹林砍斫的木柴以及僅僅100加侖的燃油過(guò)了冬。其時(shí)，我開始認(rèn)真考慮起辭了職去從事自由撰稿的事來(lái)。時(shí)機(jī)選得實(shí)在太差。當(dāng)時(shí)，兩個(gè)大的女兒肖恩和埃米正在費(fèi)用很高的常春藤學(xué)校上學(xué)，而我們只有幾千美金的銀行存款。但我們一再回到一個(gè)老問(wèn)題上來(lái)：真的會(huì)有更好的時(shí)機(jī)嗎？答案無(wú)疑是否定的。于是，帶著老板的祝福，口袋里揣著作為累

積津貼的半年薪水，我走了。

There have been a few anxious moments since then, but on balance things have gone much better than we had any right to expect.For various stories of mine, I've crawled into black-bear dens for Sports Illustrated, hitched up dogsled racing teams for Smithsonian magazine, checked out the Lake Champlain “monster” for Science Digest, and canoed through the Boundary Waters wilderness area of Minnesota for Destinations.那以后有過(guò)一些焦慮的時(shí)刻，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，情況比我們料想的要好得多。為了寫那些內(nèi)容各不相同的文章，我為《體育畫報(bào)》爬進(jìn)過(guò)黑熊窩；為《史密森期刊》替參賽的一組組狗套上過(guò)雪橇；為《科學(xué)文摘》調(diào)查過(guò)尚普蘭湖水怪的真相；為《終點(diǎn)》雜志在明尼蘇達(dá)劃著小舟穿越美、加邊界水域內(nèi)的公共荒野保護(hù)區(qū)。

I'm not making anywhere near as much money as I did when I was employed full time, but now we don't need as much either.I generate enough income to handle our $600-a-month mortgage payments plus the usual expenses for a family like ours.That includes everything from music lessons and dental bills to car repairs and college costs.When it comes to insurance, we have a poor man's major-medical policy.We have to pay the first $500 of any medical fees for each member of the family.It picks up 80% of the costs beyond that.Although we are stuck with paying

minor expenses, our premium is low--only $560 a year--and we are covered against catastrophe.Aside from that and the policy on our two cars at $400 a year, we have no other insurance.But we are setting aside $2,000 a year in an IRA.我掙的錢遠(yuǎn)比不上擔(dān)任全職工作時(shí)的收入，可如今我們需要的錢也沒(méi)有過(guò)去多。我掙的錢足以應(yīng)付每月600美金的房屋貸款按揭以及一家人的日常開銷。那些開銷包括了所有支出，如音樂(lè)課學(xué)費(fèi)、牙醫(yī)賬單、汽車維修以及大學(xué)費(fèi)用等等。至于保險(xiǎn)，我們買了一份低收入者的主要醫(yī)療項(xiàng)目保險(xiǎn)。我們需要為每一位家庭成員的任何一項(xiàng)醫(yī)療費(fèi)用支付最初的500美金。醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)則支付超出部分的80％。雖然我們?nèi)砸Ц缎〔糠轴t(yī)療費(fèi)用，但我們的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)也低--每年只要560美金--而我們給自己生大病保了險(xiǎn)。除了這一保險(xiǎn)項(xiàng)目，以及兩輛汽車每年400美金的保險(xiǎn)，我們就沒(méi)有其他保險(xiǎn)了。不過(guò)我們每年留出2000美元入個(gè)人退休金賬戶。

We've been able to make up the difference in income by cutting back without appreciably lowering our standard of living.We continue to dine out once or twice a month, but now we patronize local restaurants instead of more expensive places in the city.We still attend the opera and ballet in Milwaukee but only a few times a year.We eat less meat, drink cheaper wine and see fewer movies.Extravagant Christmases are a memory, and we combine vacations with story assignments...我們通過(guò)節(jié)約開支而又不明顯降低生活水準(zhǔn)的方式來(lái)彌補(bǔ)收入差額。我們每個(gè)月仍出去吃一兩次飯，不過(guò)現(xiàn)在我們光顧的是當(dāng)?shù)夭宛^，而不是城里的高級(jí)飯店。我們?nèi)匀ッ軤栁只牳鑴】窗爬傺莩觯贿^(guò)一年才幾次。我們?nèi)獬缘蒙倭耍坪鹊帽阋肆耍娪翱吹蒙倭恕ｄ亸埖氖フQ節(jié)成為一種回憶，我們把完成稿約作為度假的一部分??

I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do.It takes a couple of special qualities.One is a tolerance for solitude.Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don't entertain much.During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway.Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.我想，不是所有熱愛鄉(xiāng)村的人都會(huì)樂(lè)意過(guò)我們這種生活的。這種生活需要一些特殊的素質(zhì)。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我們?nèi)绱嗣β担诸^又緊，我們很少請(qǐng)客。在作物生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，根本就沒(méi)工夫參加社交活動(dòng)。吉米和埃米莉雖然參加學(xué)校的各種活動(dòng)，但他倆大多數(shù)時(shí)間也呆在家里。

The other requirement is energy--a lot of it.The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices.Instead, you do the work yourself.The only machinery we own(not counting the lawn mower)is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw.另一項(xiàng)要求是體力――相當(dāng)大的體力。小范圍里實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足 的途徑是抵制誘惑，不去購(gòu)置拖拉機(jī)和其他昂貴的節(jié)省勞力的機(jī)械。相反，你要自己動(dòng)手。我們僅有的機(jī)器（不包括割草機(jī)）是一臺(tái)3馬力的小型旋轉(zhuǎn)式耕耘機(jī)以及一架16英寸的鏈鋸。

How much longer we'll have enough energy to stay on here is anybody's guess--perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not.When the time comes, we'll leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what we've been able to accomplish.We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too.We've invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today.But this is not a good time to sell.Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again.沒(méi)人知道我們還能有精力在這里再呆多久--也許呆很長(zhǎng)一陣子，也許不是。到走的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)愴然離去，但也會(huì)為自己所做的一切深感自豪。我們把農(nóng)場(chǎng)出售也會(huì)賺相當(dāng)大一筆錢。我們自己在農(nóng)場(chǎng)投入了約35，000美金的資金，要是現(xiàn)在售出的話價(jià)格差不多可以翻一倍。不過(guò)現(xiàn)在不是出售的好時(shí)機(jī)。但是一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)，對(duì)我們這種農(nóng)場(chǎng)的需求又會(huì)增多。

We didn't move here primarily to earn money though.We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives.When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I

know we've found just what we were looking for.但我們主要不是為了賺錢而移居至此的。我們來(lái)此居住是因?yàn)橄胩岣呱钯|(zhì)量。當(dāng)我看著埃米莉傍晚去收雞蛋，跟吉米一起在河上釣魚，或和全家人一起在果園里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我們找到了自己一直在尋求的生活方式。

Donna Barron describes how American family life has changed in recent years.She identifies three forces at work.What are they? Read on to find out.Then ask yourself whether similar forces are at work within China.Will family life here end up going in the same direction?

唐娜·巴倫描述了美國(guó)家庭生活近幾年來(lái)的變化。她指出有三種力量在起作用。是哪三種力量？請(qǐng)讀本文。讀后問(wèn)一下自己，同樣的力量在中國(guó)是否也在起作用。中國(guó)的家庭生活最終是否會(huì)朝著同一個(gè)方向變化？

The Freedom Givers

Fergus M.Bordewich

A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house.Alongside me was a slender woman in a black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in

Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history.As we walked toward a plain gray church, Barbara Carter spoke proudly of her great-great-grandfather, Josiah Henson.“He was confident that the Creator intended all men to be created equal.And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.” 給人以自由者 弗格斯·M·博得威奇

我步出這幢兩層小屋，加拿大平原上輕風(fēng)微拂。我身邊是一位苗條的黑衣女子，把我?guī)Щ氐竭^(guò)去的向?qū)АＤ菚r(shí)，安大略省得雷斯頓這一帶住著美國(guó)歷史上的一位英雄。我們前往一座普普通通的灰色教堂，芭芭拉·卡特自豪地談?wù)撝涓咦鎲藤悂啞ず嗌！八麍?jiān)信上帝要所有人生來(lái)平等。他從來(lái)沒(méi)有停止過(guò)爭(zhēng)取這一自由權(quán)利的奮斗。”

Carter's devotion to her ancestor is about more than personal pride: it is about family honor.For Josiah Henson has lived on through the character in American fiction that he helped inspire: Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.Ironically, that character has come to symbolize everything Henson was not.A racial sellout unwilling to stand up for himself? Carter gets angry at the thought.“Josiah Henson was a man of principle,” she said firmly.卡特對(duì)其先輩的忠誠(chéng)不僅僅關(guān)乎一己之驕傲，而關(guān)乎家族榮譽(yù)。因?yàn)閱藤悂啞ず嗌两袢詾槿怂怯捎谒ぐl(fā)的創(chuàng)作靈感使

得一個(gè)美國(guó)小說(shuō)人物問(wèn)世：湯姆叔叔，哈麗特·比徹·斯陀的小說(shuō)《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中那個(gè)逆來(lái)順受的黑奴。具有諷刺意味的是，這一人物所象征的一切在亨森身上一點(diǎn)都找不到。一個(gè)不愿奮起力爭(zhēng)、背叛種族的黑人？卡特對(duì)此頗為憤慨。“喬賽亞·亨森是個(gè)有原則的人，”她肯定地說(shuō)。

I had traveled here to Henson's last home--now a historic site that Carter formerly directed--to learn more about a man who was, in many ways, an African-American Moses.After winning his own freedom from slavery, Henson secretly helped hundreds of other slaves to escape north to Canada--and liberty.Many settled here in Dresden with him.我遠(yuǎn)道前來(lái)亨森最后的居所――如今已成為卡特曾管理過(guò)的一處歷史遺跡――是為了更多地了解此人，他在許多方面堪稱黑人摩西。亨森自己擺脫了黑奴身份獲得自由之后，便秘密幫助其他許多黑奴逃奔北方去加拿大――逃奔自由之地。許多人和他一起在得雷斯頓這一帶定居了下來(lái)。

Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me.Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South.Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the

Railroad to freedom.但此地只是我所承擔(dān)的繁重使命的一處停留地。喬賽亞·亨森只是一長(zhǎng)串無(wú)所畏懼的男女名單中的一個(gè)名字，這些人共同創(chuàng)建了這條“地下鐵路”，一條由逃亡線路和可靠的人家組成的用以解放美國(guó)南方黑奴的秘密網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在1820年至1860年期間，多達(dá)十萬(wàn)名黑奴經(jīng)由此路走向自由。

In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U.S.The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati.And it's about time.For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung.I was intent on telling their stories.2000年10月，克林頓總統(tǒng)批準(zhǔn)撥款1600萬(wàn)美元建造全國(guó)“地下鐵路”自由中心，以此紀(jì)念美國(guó)歷史上第一次偉大的民權(quán)斗爭(zhēng)。中心計(jì)劃于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是該建立這樣一個(gè)中心的時(shí)候了。因?yàn)榈叵妈F路的英雄們依然默默無(wú)聞，他們的業(yè)績(jī)依然少人頌揚(yáng)。我要講述他們的故事。

John Parker tensed when he heard the soft knock.Peering out his door into the night, he recognized the face of a trusted neighbor.“There's a party of escaped slaves hiding in the woods in Kentucky, twenty miles from the river,” the man whispered urgently.Parker didn't hesitate.“I'll

go,” he said, pushing a pair of pistols into his pockets.聽到輕輕的敲門聲，約翰·帕克神情緊張起來(lái)。他開門窺望，夜色中認(rèn)出是一位可靠的鄰居。“有一群逃亡奴隸躲在肯塔基州的樹林里，就在離河20英里的地方，”那人用急迫的口氣低語(yǔ)道。帕克沒(méi)一點(diǎn)兒遲疑。“我就去，”他說(shuō)著，把兩支手槍揣進(jìn)口袋。

Born a slave two decades before, in the 1820s, Parker had been taken from his mother at age eight and forced to walk in chains from Virginia to Alabama, where he was sold on the slave market.Determined to live free someday, he managed to get trained in iron molding.Eventually he saved enough money working at this trade on the side to buy his freedom.Now, by day, Parker worked in an iron foundry in the Ohio port of Ripley.By night he was a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, helping people slip by the slave hunters.In Kentucky, where he was now headed, there was a $1000 reward for his capture, dead or alive.20年前，即19世紀(jì)20年代，生來(lái)即為黑奴的帕克才8歲就被從母親身邊帶走，被迫拖著鐐銬從弗吉尼亞走到阿拉巴馬，在那里的黑奴市場(chǎng)被買走。他打定主意有朝一日要過(guò)自由的生活，便設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)了鑄鐵這門手藝。后來(lái)他終于靠這門手藝攢夠錢贖回了自由。現(xiàn)在，帕克白天在俄亥俄州里普利港的一家鑄鐵廠干活。到了晚上，他就成了地下鐵路的一位“乘務(wù)員”，幫助人們避開追捕逃亡黑奴的人。在他正前往的肯塔基州，當(dāng)局懸賞1000美元抓他，活人死尸都要。

Crossing the Ohio River on that chilly night, Parker found ten fugitives frozen with fear.“Get your bundles and follow me, ” he told them, leading the eight men and two women toward the river.They had almost reached shore when a watchman spotted them and raced off to spread the news.在那個(gè)陰冷的夜晚，帕克渡過(guò)俄亥俄河，找到了十個(gè)喪魂落魄的逃亡者。“拿好包裹跟我走，”他一邊吩咐他們，一邊帶著這八男二女朝河邊走去。就要到岸時(shí)，一個(gè)巡夜人發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們，急忙跑開去報(bào)告。

Parker saw a small boat and, with a shout, pushed the escaping slaves into it.There was room for all but two.As the boat slid across the river, Parker watched helplessly as the pursuers closed in around the men he was forced to leave behind.帕克看見一條小船，便大喝一聲，把那些逃亡黑奴推上了船。大家都上了船，但有兩個(gè)人容不下。小船徐徐駛向?qū)Π叮量搜郾牨牭乜粗凡墩甙阉黄攘粝碌膬蓚€(gè)男人圍住。

The others made it to the Ohio shore, where Parker hurriedly arranged for a wagon to take them to the next “station” on the Underground Railroad--the first leg of their journey to safety in Canada.Over the course of his life, John Parker guided more than 400 slaves to safety.其他的人都上了岸，帕克急忙安排了一輛車把他們帶到地下鐵路的下一“站”――他們走向安全的加拿大之旅的第一程。約翰·帕克在有生之年一共帶領(lǐng)400多名黑奴走向安全之地。

While black conductors were often motivated by their own painful experiences, whites were commonly driven by religious convictions.Levi Coffin, a Quaker raised in North Carolina, explained, “The Bible, in bidding us to feed the hungry and clothe the naked, said nothing about color.”

黑人去當(dāng)乘務(wù)員常常是由于本人痛苦的經(jīng)歷，而那些白人則往往是受了宗教信仰的感召。在北卡羅來(lái)納州長(zhǎng)大的貴格會(huì)教徒利瓦伊·科芬解釋說(shuō)：“《圣經(jīng)》上只是要我們給饑者以食物，無(wú)衣者以衣衫，但沒(méi)提到過(guò)膚色的事。”

In the 1820s Coffin moved west to Newport(now Fountain City), Indiana, where he opened a store.Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home.At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg of their journey.Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, which came to be the Grand Central

Terminal of the Underground Railroad.在19世紀(jì)20年代，科芬向西遷移前往印第安納州的新港（即今天的噴泉市），在那里開了一家小店。人們傳說(shuō)，逃亡黑奴在科芬家總是能得到庇護(hù)。有時(shí)他一次庇護(hù)的逃亡者就多達(dá)17人，他還備有一組人員和車輛把他們送往下一段行程。到后來(lái)有三條主要路線在科芬家匯合，科芬家成了地下鐵路的中央車站。

For his efforts, Coffin received frequent death threats and warnings that his store and home would be burned.Nearly every conductor faced similar risks--or worse.In the North, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping.In the Southern states, whites were sentenced to months or even years in jail.One courageous Methodist minister, Calvin Fairbank, was imprisoned for more than 17 years in Kentucky, where he kept a log of his beatings: 35,105 stripes with the whip.科芬經(jīng)常由于他做的工作受到被殺的威脅，收到焚毀他店鋪和住宅的警告。幾乎每一個(gè)乘務(wù)員都面臨類似的危險(xiǎn)――或者更為嚴(yán)重。在北方，治安官會(huì)對(duì)幫助逃亡的人課以罰金，或判以短期監(jiān)禁。在南方各州，白人則被判處幾個(gè)月甚至幾年的監(jiān)禁。一位勇敢的循道宗牧師卡爾文·費(fèi)爾班克在肯塔基州被關(guān)押了17年多，他記錄了自己遭受毒打的情況：總共被鞭笞了35,105下。

As for the slaves, escape meant a journey of hundreds of miles through unknown country, where they were usually easy to recognize.With no road signs and few maps, they had to put their trust in directions passed by word of mouth and in secret signs--nails driven into trees, for example--that conductors used to mark the route north.至于那些黑奴，逃亡意味著數(shù)百英里的長(zhǎng)途跋涉，意味著穿越自己極易被人辨認(rèn)的陌生地域。沒(méi)有路標(biāo)，也幾乎沒(méi)有線路圖，他們趕路全憑著口口相告的路線以及秘密記號(hào)――比如樹上釘著的釘子――是乘務(wù)員用來(lái)標(biāo)示北上路線的記號(hào)。

Many slaves traveled under cover of night, their faces sometimes caked with white powder.Quakers often dressed their “passengers,” both male and female, in gray dresses, deep bonnets and full veils.On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he disguised them as a funeral procession.許多黑奴在夜色掩護(hù)下趕路，有時(shí)臉上涂著厚厚的白粉。貴格會(huì)教徒經(jīng)常讓他們的“乘客”不分男女穿上灰衣服，戴上深沿帽，披著把頭部完全遮蓋住的面紗。有一次，利瓦伊·科芬運(yùn)送的逃亡黑奴實(shí)在太多，他就把他們裝扮成出殯隊(duì)伍。

Canada was the primary destination for many fugitives.Slavery had been abolished there in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged

the runaways to settle their vast virgin land.Among them was Josiah Henson.加拿大是許多逃亡者的首選終點(diǎn)站。那兒1833年就廢除了奴隸制，加拿大當(dāng)局鼓勵(lì)逃亡奴隸在其廣闊的未經(jīng)開墾的土地上定居。其中就有喬賽亞·亨森。

As a boy in Maryland, Henson watched as his entire family was sold to different buyers, and he saw his mother harshly beaten when she tried to keep him with her.Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner's regard.還是孩子的亨森在馬里蘭州目睹著全家人被賣給不同的主人，看到母親為了想把自己留在她身邊而遭受毒打。亨森非常認(rèn)命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。

Money problems eventually compelled his master to send Henson, his wife and children to a brother in Kentucky.After laboring there for several years, Henson heard alarming news: the new master was planning to sell him for plantation work far away in the Deep South.The slave would be separated forever from his family.經(jīng)濟(jì)困頓最終迫使亨森的主人將他及其妻兒送到主人在肯塔基州的一個(gè)兄弟處。在那兒干了幾年苦工之后，亨森聽說(shuō)了一個(gè)可怕的消息：新主人準(zhǔn)備把他賣到遙遠(yuǎn)的南方腹地去農(nóng)莊干活。這名奴隸

將與自己的家人永遠(yuǎn)分離。

There was only one answer: flight.“I knew the North Star,” Henson wrote years later.“Like the star of Bethlehem, it announced where my salvation lay.”

只有一條路可走：逃亡。“我會(huì)認(rèn)北斗星，”許多年后亨森寫道。“就像圣地伯利恒的救星一樣，它告訴我在哪里可以獲救。”

At huge risk, Henson and his wife set off with their four children.Two weeks later, starving and exhausted, the family reached Cincinnati, where they made contact with members of the Underground Railroad.“Carefully they provided for our welfare, and then they set us thirty miles on our way by wagon.”

亨森和妻子冒著極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)帶著四個(gè)孩子上路了。兩個(gè)星期之后，饑餓疲憊的一家人來(lái)到了辛辛那提州，在那兒，他們與地下鐵路的成員取得了聯(lián)系。“他們?yōu)槲覀兲峁┝耸乘蓿浅ｊP(guān)心，接著又用車送了我們30英里。”

The Hensons continued north, arriving at last in Buffalo, N.Y.There a friendly captain pointed across the Niagara River.“'Do you see those trees?' he said.'They grow on free soil.'” He gave Henson a dollar and arranged for a boat, which carried the slave and his family across the

river to Canada.亨森一家繼續(xù)往北走，最后來(lái)到紐約州的布法羅。在那兒，一位友善的船長(zhǎng)指著尼亞加拉河對(duì)岸。“‘看見那些樹沒(méi)有？’他說(shuō)，‘它們生長(zhǎng)在自由的土地上。’”他給了亨森一美元錢，安排了一條小船，小船載著這位黑奴及其家人過(guò)河來(lái)到加拿大。

“I threw myself on the ground, rolled in the sand and danced around, till, in the eyes of several who were present, I passed for a madman.'He's some crazy fellow,' said a Colonel Warren.”

“我撲倒在地，在沙土里打滾，手舞足蹈，最后，在場(chǎng)的那幾個(gè)人都認(rèn)定我是瘋子。‘他是個(gè)瘋子，’有個(gè)沃倫上校說(shuō)。”

“'Oh, no!Don't you know? I'm free!'”

“‘不，不是的！知道嗎？我自由了！’”

Jesse Jackson, a well-known leader of black Americans, reviews the progress they have made in recent years.Despite this, he argues, there is still much left to be done before they enjoy full equality.著名美國(guó)黑人領(lǐng)袖杰西·杰克遜回顧了近幾年來(lái)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)所取得的成就。成績(jī)固然不少，但他指出，要享受完全的平等權(quán)利，仍有許多工作要做。

unit 3 The Land of the Lock

Years ago in America, it was customary for families to leave their doors unlocked, day and night.In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their possessions.許多年前，在美國(guó)，家家戶戶白天黑夜不鎖門是司空見慣的。在本文中，格林嘆惜人們不再相互信任，不得不憑借精密的安全設(shè)備來(lái)保護(hù)自己和財(cái)產(chǎn)。

The Land of the Lock Bob Greene

In the house where I grew up, it was our custom to leave the front door on the latch at night.I don't know if that was a local term or if it is universal;“on the latch” meant the door was closed but not locked.None of us carried keys;the last one in for the evening would close up, and that was it.鎖之國(guó) 鮑伯·格林

小時(shí)候在家里，我們的前門總是夜不落鎖。我不知道這是當(dāng)?shù)氐囊环N說(shuō)法還是大家都這么說(shuō)；“不落鎖”的意思是掩上門，但不鎖住。我們誰(shuí)都不帶鑰匙；晚上最后一個(gè)回家的人把門關(guān)上，這就行了。

Those days are over.In rural areas as well as in cities, doors do not stay unlocked, even for part of an evening.那樣的日子已經(jīng)一去不復(fù)返了。在鄉(xiāng)下，在城里，門不再關(guān)著不鎖上，哪怕是傍晚一段時(shí)間也不例外。

Suburbs and country areas are, in many ways, even more vulnerable than well-patroled urban streets.Statistics show the crime rate rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities.At any rate, the era of leaving the front door on the latch is over.在許多方面，郊區(qū)和農(nóng)村甚至比巡查嚴(yán)密的城市街道更易受到攻擊。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，那些據(jù)稱是安寧的地區(qū)的犯罪率上升得比城鎮(zhèn)更為顯著。不管怎么說(shuō)，前門虛掩不落鎖的時(shí)代是一去不復(fù)返了。

It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm.Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their

patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open.取而代之的是防盜鎖、防護(hù)鏈、電子報(bào)警系統(tǒng)，以及連接警署或私人保安公司的報(bào)警裝置。郊區(qū)的許多人家在露臺(tái)上安裝了玻璃滑門，內(nèi)側(cè)有裝得很講究的鋼條，這樣就沒(méi)人能把門撬開。

It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company.在最溫馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上貼著小小的告示，稱本宅由某家安全機(jī)構(gòu)或某個(gè)保安公司負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)管。

The lock is the new symbol of America.Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a child's bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it.鎖成了美國(guó)的新的象征。的確，一家大保險(xiǎn)公司最近的一則公益廣告沒(méi)有用圖表表明我們所處的危險(xiǎn)有多大，而是用了一幅童車的圖片，車身上懸著如今無(wú)所不在的掛鎖。

The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the

psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock?

廣告指出，沒(méi)錯(cuò)，確是保險(xiǎn)公司理賠失竊物品，但誰(shuí)來(lái)賠償互不信任、擔(dān)心害怕這種新氛圍對(duì)我們的生活方式所造成的影響呢？誰(shuí)來(lái)對(duì)美國(guó)從自由之國(guó)到鎖之國(guó)這一蛻變作出精神賠償呢？

For that is what has happened.We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean.因?yàn)槟蔷褪乾F(xiàn)狀。我們已經(jīng)變得如此習(xí)慣于保護(hù)自己不受美國(guó)生活新氛圍的影響，如此習(xí)慣于設(shè)置障礙，因而無(wú)暇考慮這一切意味著什么。

For some reason we are satisfied when we think we are well-protected;it does not occur to us to ask ourselves: Why has this happened? Why are we having to barricade ourselves against our neighbors and fellow citizens, and when, exactly, did this start to take over our lives?

出于某種原因，當(dāng)我們覺(jué)得防范周密時(shí)就感到心滿意足；我們沒(méi)有問(wèn)過(guò)自己：為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況？為什么非得把自己與鄰居和同住一城的居民相隔絕，這一切究竟是從什么時(shí)候開始主宰我們生活 的？

And it has taken over.If you work for a medium-to large-size company, chances are that you don't just wander in and out of work.You probably carry some kind of access card, electronic or otherwise, that allows you in and out of your place of work.Maybe the security guard at the front desk knows your face and will wave you in most days, but the fact remains that the business you work for feels threatened enough to keep outsiders away via these “keys.”

這一切確是主宰了我們的生活。如果你在一家大中型公司上班，你上下班很可能不好隨意進(jìn)出。你可能隨身帶著某種出入卡，電子的或別的什么的，因?yàn)檫@卡能讓你進(jìn)出工作場(chǎng)所。也許前臺(tái)的保安認(rèn)識(shí)你這張臉，平日一揮手讓你進(jìn)去，但事實(shí)明擺著，你所任職的公司深感面臨威脅，因此要借助這些“鑰匙”不讓外人靠近。

It wasn't always like this.Even a decade ago, most private businesses had a policy of free access.It simply didn't occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.這一現(xiàn)象并非向來(lái)有之。即使在十年前，大多數(shù)私營(yíng)公司仍采取自由出入的做法。那時(shí)管理人員根本沒(méi)想到過(guò)恰當(dāng)?shù)氖侄问遣恍湃嗡恕?/p>

Look at the airports.Parents used to take children out to departure gates to watch planes land and take off.That's all gone.Airports are no longer a place of education and fun;they are the most sophisticated of security sites.且看各地機(jī)場(chǎng)。過(guò)去家長(zhǎng)常常帶孩子去登機(jī)口看飛機(jī)起飛降落。這種事再也沒(méi)有了。機(jī)場(chǎng)不再是一個(gè)有趣的學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)所；它們成了擁有最精密的安全檢查系統(tǒng)的場(chǎng)所。

With electronic X-ray equipment, we seem finally to have figured out a way to hold the terrorists, real and imagined, at bay;it was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.We now pass through these electronic friskers without so much as a sideways glance;the machines, and what they stand for, have won.憑借著電子透視裝置，我們似乎終于想出妙計(jì)讓恐怖分子無(wú)法近身，無(wú)論是真的恐怖分子還是憑空臆想的。能解決這一問(wèn)題真是如釋重負(fù)，于是我們不去多想這種狀況對(duì)我們的生活質(zhì)量意味著什么。如今我們走過(guò)這些電子搜查器時(shí)已經(jīng)看都不看一眼了，這些裝置，還有它們所代表的一切已經(jīng)獲勝。

Our neighborhoods are bathed in high-intensity light;we do not want to afford ourselves even so much a luxury as a shadow.我們的居住區(qū)處在強(qiáng)光源的照射下；我們連哪怕像陰影這樣小小的享受也不想給自己。

Businessmen, in increasing numbers, are purchasing new machines that hook up to the telephone and analyze a caller's voice.The machines are supposed to tell the businessman, with a small margin of error, whether his friend or client is telling lies.越來(lái)越多的商人正購(gòu)置連接在電話機(jī)上、能剖析來(lái)電者聲音的新機(jī)器。據(jù)說(shuō)那種機(jī)器能讓商人知道他的朋友或客戶是否在撒謊，其出錯(cuò)概率很小。

All this is being done in the name of “security”;that is what we tell ourselves.We are fearful, and so we devise ways to lock the fear out, and that, we decide, is what security means.所有這一切都是以“安全”的名義實(shí)施的：我們是這么跟自己說(shuō)的。我們害怕，于是我們?cè)O(shè)法把害怕鎖在外面，我們認(rèn)定，那就是安全的意義。

But no;with all this “security,” we are perhaps the most insecure nation in the history of civilized man.What better word to describe the way in which we have been forced to live? What sadder reflection on all that we have become in this new and puzzling time?

其實(shí)不然；我們雖然有了這一切安全措施，但我們或許是人類文明史上最不安全的國(guó)民。還有什么更好的字眼能用來(lái)描述我們被迫選擇的生活方式呢？還有什么更為可悲地表明我們?cè)谶@個(gè)令人困惑的新時(shí)代所感受到的惶恐之情呢？

We trust no one.Suburban housewives wear rape whistles on their station wagon key chains.We have become so smart about self-protection that, in the end, we have all outsmarted ourselves.We may have locked the evils out, but in so doing we have locked ourselves in.我們不信任任何人。郊區(qū)的家庭主婦在客貨兩用車鑰匙鏈上掛著防強(qiáng)暴口哨。我們?cè)谧晕曳佬l(wèi)方面變得如此聰明，最終聰明反被聰明誤。我們或許是把邪惡鎖在了門外，但在這么做的同時(shí)我們把自己鎖在里邊了。

That may be the legacy we remember best when we look back on this age: In dealing with the unseen horrors among us, we became prisoners of ourselves.All of us prisoners, in this time of our troubles.那也許是我們將來(lái)回顧這一時(shí)代時(shí)記得最牢的精神遺產(chǎn)：在對(duì)付我們中間無(wú)形的恐懼之時(shí)，我們成了自己的囚徒。在我們這個(gè)問(wèn)題重重的時(shí)代，所有的人都是囚徒。

Many people in America own handguns.Some, like Gail Buchalter, buy a gun for self-defense.Others, like her friends, refuse to do so because they think that guns cause more problems than they solve.Gail used to share her friends' views, but eventually changed her mind.Read what she has to say and decide whether she made the right choice.在美國(guó)，許多人擁有手槍。有人為了自衛(wèi)買槍，如蓋爾·巴卡爾特。另外一些人則拒絕這么做，比如她的許多朋友，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為，槍支引發(fā)的問(wèn)題比解決的更多。以前蓋爾與她的朋友們持有相同的觀點(diǎn)，但后來(lái)她改變了看法。讀一讀她所說(shuō)的一切，并判定她的選擇是否明智。

Writing Three Thank-You Letters

Alex Haley

It was 1943, during World War II, and I was a young U.S.coastguardsman.My ship, the USS Murzim, had been under way for several days.Most of her holds contained thousands of cartons of canned or dried foods.The other holds were loaded with five-hundred-pound bombs packed delicately in padded racks.Our destination was a big base on the island of Tulagi in the South Pacific.寫三封感謝信 亞利克斯·黑利

那是在二戰(zhàn)期間的1943年，我是個(gè)年輕的美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)隊(duì)員。我們的船，美國(guó)軍艦軍市一號(hào)已出海多日。多數(shù)船艙裝著成千上萬(wàn)箱罐裝或風(fēng)干的食品。其余的船艙裝著不少五百磅重的炸彈，都小心翼翼地放在墊過(guò)的架子上。我們的目的地是南太平洋圖拉吉島上一個(gè)規(guī)模很大的基地。

I was one of the Murzim's several cooks and, quite the same as for folk ashore, this Thanksgiving morning had seen us busily preparing a traditional dinner featuring roast turkey.我是軍市一號(hào)上的一個(gè)廚師，跟岸上的人一樣，那個(gè)感恩節(jié)的上午，我們忙著在準(zhǔn)備一道以烤火雞為主的傳統(tǒng)菜肴。

Well, as any cook knows, it's a lot of hard work to cook and serve a big meal, and clean up and put everything away.But finally, around sundown, we finished at last.當(dāng)廚師的都知道，要烹制一頓大餐，擺上桌，再刷洗、收拾干凈，是件辛苦的事。不過(guò)，等到太陽(yáng)快下山時(shí)，我們總算全都收拾停當(dāng)了。

I decided first to go out on the Murzim's afterdeck for a breath of

open air.I made my way out there, breathing in great, deep draughts while walking slowly about, still wearing my white cook's hat.我想先去后甲板透透氣。我信步走去，一邊深深呼吸著空氣，一邊慢慢地踱著步，頭上仍戴著那頂白色的廚師帽。

I got to thinking about Thanksgiving, of the Pilgrims, Indians, wild turkeys, pumpkins, corn on the cob, and the rest.我開始思索起感恩節(jié)這個(gè)節(jié)日來(lái)，想著清教徒前輩移民、印第安人、野火雞、南瓜、玉米棒等等。

Yet my mind seemed to be in quest of something else--some way that I could personally apply to the close of Thanksgiving.It must have taken me a half hour to sense that maybe some key to an answer could result from reversing the word “Thanksgiving”--at least that suggested a verbal direction, “Giving thanks.”

可我腦子里似乎還在搜索著別的事什么――某種我能夠賦予這一節(jié)日以個(gè)人意義的方式。大概過(guò)了半個(gè)小時(shí)左右我才意識(shí)到，問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵也許在于把Thanksgiving這個(gè)字前后顛倒一下――那樣一來(lái)至少文字好懂了：Giving thanks。

Giving thanks--as in praying, thanking God, I thought.Yes, of course.Certainly.表達(dá)謝意――就如在祈禱時(shí)感謝上帝那樣，我暗想。對(duì)啊，是這樣，當(dāng)然是這樣。

Yet my mind continued turning the idea over.可我腦子里仍一直盤桓著這事。

After a while, like a dawn's brightening, a further answer did come--that there were people to thank, people who had done so much for me that I could never possibly repay them.The embarrassing truth was I'd always just accepted what they'd done, taken all of it for granted.Not one time had I ever bothered to express to any of them so much as a simple, sincere “Thank you.”

過(guò)了片刻，如同晨曦初現(xiàn)，一個(gè)更清晰的念頭終于涌現(xiàn)腦際――要感謝他人，那些賜我以諸多恩惠，我根本無(wú)以回報(bào)的人們。令我深感不安的實(shí)際情形是，我向來(lái)對(duì)他們所做的一切受之泰然，認(rèn)為是理所應(yīng)當(dāng)。我一次也沒(méi)想過(guò)要對(duì)他們中的任何一位真心誠(chéng)意地說(shuō)一句簡(jiǎn)單的謝謝。

At least seven people had been particularly and lastingly helpful to me.I realized, swallowing hard, that about half of them had since died--so they were forever beyond any possible expression of gratitude from me.The more I thought about it, the more ashamed I became.Then I

pictured the three who were still alive and, within minutes, I was down in my cabin.至少有七個(gè)人對(duì)我有過(guò)不同尋常、影響深遠(yuǎn)的幫助。令人難過(guò)的是，我意識(shí)到，他們中有一半已經(jīng)過(guò)世了――因此他們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法接受我的謝意了。我越想越感到羞愧。最后我想到了仍健在的三位，幾分鐘后，我就回到了自己的艙房。

Sitting at a table with writing paper and memories of things each had done, I tried composing genuine statements of heartfelt appreciation and gratitude to my dad, Simon A.Haley, a professor at the old Agricultural Mechanical Normal College in Pine Bluff, Arkansas;to my grandma, Cynthia Palmer, back in our little hometown of Henning, Tennessee;and to the Rev.Lonual Nelson, my grammar school principal, retired and living in Ripley, six miles north of Henning.我坐在攤著信紙的桌旁，回想著他們各自對(duì)我所做的一切，試圖用真摯的文字表達(dá)我對(duì)他們的由衷的感激之情：父親西蒙·A·黑利，阿肯色州派因布拉夫那所古老的農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械師范學(xué)院的教授；住在田納西州小鎮(zhèn)亨寧老家的外祖母辛西婭·帕爾默；以及我的文法學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)，退休后住在亨寧以北6英里處的里普利的洛紐爾·納爾遜牧師。

The texts of my letters began something like, “Here, this Thanksgiving at sea, I find my thoughts upon how much you have done

for me, but I have never stopped and said to you how much I feel the need to thank you--” And briefly I recalled for each of them specific acts performed on my behalf.我的信是這樣開頭的：“出海在外度過(guò)的這個(gè)感恩節(jié)，令我回想起您為我做了那么多事，但我從來(lái)沒(méi)有對(duì)您說(shuō)過(guò)自己是多么想感謝您――”我簡(jiǎn)短回憶了各位為我所做的具體事例。

For instance, something uppermost about my father was how he had impressed upon me from boyhood to love books and reading.In fact, this graduated into a family habit of after-dinner quizzes at the table about books read most recently and new words learned.My love of books never diminished and later led me toward writing books myself.So many times I have felt a sadness when exposed to modern children so immersed in the electronic media that they have little or no awareness of the marvelous world to be discovered in books.例如，我父親的最不同尋常之處在于，從我童年時(shí)代起，他就讓我深深意識(shí)到要熱愛書籍、熱愛閱讀。事實(shí)上，這一愛好漸漸變成一種家庭習(xí)慣，晚飯后大家圍在餐桌旁互相考查近日所讀的書以及新學(xué)的單詞。我對(duì)書籍的熱愛從未減弱，日后還引導(dǎo)我自己撰文著書。多少次，當(dāng)我看到如今的孩子們?nèi)绱顺撩杂陔娮用襟w時(shí)，我不由深感悲哀，他們很少，或者根本不了解書中所能發(fā)現(xiàn)的神奇世界。

I reminded the Reverend Nelson how each morning he would open our little country town's grammar school with a prayer over his assembled students.I told him that whatever positive things I had done since had been influenced at least in part by his morning school prayers.我跟納爾遜牧師提及他如何每天清晨和集合在一起的學(xué)生做禱告，以此開始鄉(xiāng)村小學(xué)的一天。我告訴他，我后來(lái)所做的任何有意義的事，都至少部分地是受了他那些學(xué)校晨禱的影響。

In the letter to my grandmother, I reminded her of a dozen ways she used to teach me how to tell the truth, to share, and to be forgiving and considerate of others.I thanked her for the years of eating her good cooking, the equal of which I had not found since.Finally, I thanked her simply for having sprinkled my life with stardust.在給外祖母的信中，我談到了她用了種種方式教我講真話，教我與人分享，教我寬恕、體諒他人。我感謝她多年來(lái)讓我吃到她燒的美味菜肴，離開她后我從來(lái)沒(méi)吃過(guò)那么可口的菜肴。最后，我感謝她，因?yàn)樗谖业纳腥鱿旅烂畹腻谙搿?/p>

Before I slept, my three letters went into our ship's office mail sack.They got mailed when we reached Tulagi Island.睡覺(jué)前，我的這三封信都送進(jìn)了船上的郵袋。我們抵達(dá)圖拉吉島后都寄了出去。

We unloaded cargo, reloaded with something else, then again we put to sea in the routine familiar to us, and as the days became weeks, my little personal experience receded.Sometimes, when we were at sea, a mail ship would rendezvous and bring us mail from home, which, of course, we accorded topmost priority.我們卸了貨，又裝了其它物品，隨后我們按熟悉的常規(guī)，再次出海。一天又一天，一星期又一星期，我個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷漸漸淡忘。我們?cè)诤Ｉ虾叫袝r(shí)，有時(shí)會(huì)與郵船會(huì)合，郵船會(huì)帶給我們家信，當(dāng)然這是我們視為最緊要的事情。

Every time the ship's loudspeaker rasped, “Attention!Mail call!” two hundred-odd shipmates came pounding up on deck and clustered about the two seamen, standing by those precious bulging gray sacks.They were alternately pulling out fistfuls of letters and barking successive names of sailors who were, in turn, shouting back “Here!Here!” amid the pushing.每當(dāng)船上的喇叭響起：“大伙聽好！郵件點(diǎn)名！”200名左右的水兵就會(huì)沖上甲板，圍聚在那兩個(gè)站在寶貴的鼓鼓囊囊的灰色郵袋旁的水手周圍。兩人輪流取出一把信，大聲念收信水手的名字，叫到的人從人群當(dāng)中擠出，一邊應(yīng)道：“來(lái)了，來(lái)了！”

One “mail call” brought me responses from Grandma, Dad, and the Reverend Nelson--and my reading of their letters left me not only astonished but more humbled than before.一次“郵件點(diǎn)名”帶給我外祖母，爸爸，以及納爾遜牧師的回信――我讀了信，既震驚又深感卑微。

Rather than saying they would forgive that I hadn't previously thanked them, instead, for Pete's sake, they were thanking me--for having remembered, for having considered they had done anything so exceptional.他們沒(méi)有說(shuō)他們?cè)徫乙郧安辉兄x他們，相反，他們向我致謝，天哪，就因?yàn)槲矣浀茫鸵驗(yàn)槲艺J(rèn)為他們做了不同尋常的事。

Always the college professor, my dad had carefully avoided anything he considered too sentimental, so I knew how moved he was to write me that, after having helped educate many young people, he now felt that his best results included his own son.身為大學(xué)教授的爸爸向來(lái)特別留意不使用任何過(guò)于感情化的文字，因此，當(dāng)他對(duì)我寫道，在教了許許多多的年輕人之后，他認(rèn)為自己最優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生當(dāng)中也包括自己的兒子時(shí)，我知道他是多么地感動(dòng)。

The Reverend Nelson wrote that his decades as a “simple, old-fashioned principal” had ended with schools undergoing such swift changes that he had retired in self-doubt.“I heard more of what I had done wrong than what I did right,” he said, adding that my letter had brought him welcome reassurance that his career had been appreciated.納爾遜牧師寫道，他那平凡的傳統(tǒng)校長(zhǎng)的歲月隨著學(xué)校里發(fā)生的如此迅猛的變化而結(jié)束，他懷著自我懷疑的心態(tài)退了休。“說(shuō)我做得不對(duì)的遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于說(shuō)我做得對(duì)的，” 他寫道，接著說(shuō)我的信給他帶來(lái)了振奮人心的信心：自己的校長(zhǎng)生涯還是有其價(jià)值的。

A glance at Grandma's familiar handwriting brought back in a flash memories of standing alongside her white rocking chair, watching her “settin' down” some letter to relatives.Character by character, Grandma would slowly accomplish one word, then the next, so that a finished page would consume hours.I wept over the page representing my Grandma's recent hours invested in expressing her loving gratefulness to me--whom she used to diaper!

一看到外祖母那熟悉的筆跡，我頓時(shí)回想起往日站在她的白色搖椅旁看她給親戚寫信的情景。外祖母一個(gè)字母一個(gè)字母地慢慢拼出一個(gè)詞，接著是下一個(gè)詞，因此寫滿一頁(yè)要花上幾個(gè)小時(shí)。捧著外祖母最近花費(fèi)不少工夫?qū)ξ冶磉_(dá)了充滿慈愛的謝意，我禁不住流淚――從前是她給我換尿布的呀。

Much later, retired from the Coast Guard and trying to make a living as a writer, I never forgot how those three “thank you” letters gave me an insight into how most human beings go about longing in secret for more of their fellows to express appreciation for their efforts.許多年后，我從海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)退役，試著靠寫作為生，我一直不曾忘記那三封“感謝”信是如何使我認(rèn)識(shí)到，大凡人都暗自期望著有更多的人對(duì)自己的努力表達(dá)謝意。

Now, approaching another Thanksgiving, I have asked myself what will I wish for all who are reading this, for our nation, indeed for our whole world--since, quoting a good and wise friend of mine, “In the end we are mightily and merely people, each with similar needs.” First, I wish for us, of course, the simple common sense to achieve world peace, that being paramount for the very survival of our kind.現(xiàn)在，感恩節(jié)又將來(lái)臨，我自問(wèn)，對(duì)此文的讀者，對(duì)我們的祖國(guó)，事實(shí)上對(duì)全世界，我有什么祝愿，因?yàn)椋靡晃簧屏级矣钟兄腔鄣呐笥训脑拋?lái)說(shuō)，“我們究其實(shí)都是十分相像的凡人，有著相似的需求。”當(dāng)然，我首先祝愿大家記住這一簡(jiǎn)單的常識(shí)：實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平，這對(duì)我們自身的存亡至關(guān)重要。

And there is something else I wish--so strongly that I have had

this line printed across the bottom of all my stationery: “Find the good--and praise it.”

此外我還有別的祝愿――這一祝愿是如此強(qiáng)烈，我將這句話印在我所有的信箋底部：“發(fā)現(xiàn)并褒揚(yáng)各種美好的事物。”

Thanksgiving, like Spring Festival, brings families back together from across the country.Waiting for her children to arrive, Ellen Goodman reflects on the changing relationship between parents and children as they grow up and leave home, often to settle far away.如同春節(jié)那樣，散居各處的美國(guó)人到感恩節(jié)就回家團(tuán)聚。埃倫·古德曼在等待著子女回家的同時(shí)，思索著當(dāng)子女長(zhǎng)大離家，常常在遠(yuǎn)方定居之后，父母與子女關(guān)系的不斷變化。

unit 6 The Last Leaf

When Johnsy fell seriously ill, she seemed to lose the will to hang on to life.The doctor held out little hope for her.Her friends seemed helpless.Was there nothing to be done?

約翰西病情嚴(yán)重，她似乎失去了活下去的意志。醫(yī)生對(duì)她不抱

什么希望。朋友們看來(lái)也愛莫能助。難道真的就無(wú)可奈何了嗎？

The Last Leaf

O.Henry

At the top of a three-story brick building, Sue and Johnsy had their studio.“Johnsy” was familiar for Joanna.One was from Maine;the other from California.They had met at a cafe on Eighth Street and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so much in tune that the joint studio resulted.最后一片葉子 歐·亨利

在一幢三層磚樓的頂層，蘇和約翰西辟了個(gè)畫室。“約翰西”是喬安娜的昵稱。她們一位來(lái)自緬因州，一位來(lái)自加利福尼亞。兩人相遇在第八大街的一個(gè)咖啡館，發(fā)現(xiàn)各自在藝術(shù)品味、菊苣色拉，以及燈籠袖等方面趣味相投，于是就有了這個(gè)兩人畫室。

That was in May.In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the district, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Johnsy was among his victims.She lay, scarcely moving on her bed, looking through the small window at the blank side of the next brick house.那是5月里的事。到了11月，一個(gè)醫(yī)生稱之為肺炎的陰森的

隱形客闖入了這一地區(qū)，用它冰冷的手指東碰西觸。約翰西也為其所害。她病倒了，躺在床上幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，只能隔著小窗望著隔壁磚房那單調(diào)沉悶的側(cè)墻。

One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a bushy, gray eyebrow.一天上午，忙碌的醫(yī)生揚(yáng)了揚(yáng)灰白的濃眉，示意蘇來(lái)到過(guò)道。

“She has one chance in ten,” he said.“And that chance is for her to want to live.Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?

“她只有一成希望，”他說(shuō)。“那還得看她自己是不是想活下去。你這位女朋友已經(jīng)下決心不想好了。她有什么心事嗎？”

”She--she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day,“ said Sue.“她――她想有一天能去畫那不勒斯灣，”蘇說(shuō)。

”Paint?--bosh!Has she anything on her mind worth thinking about twice--a man, for instance?“

“畫畫？――得了。她有沒(méi)有別的事值得她留戀的――比如

說(shuō)，一個(gè)男人？”

”A man?“ said Sue.”Is a man worth--but, no, doctor;there is nothing of the kind.“

“男人？”蘇說(shuō)。“難道一個(gè)男人就值得――可是，她沒(méi)有啊，大夫，沒(méi)有這碼子事。”

”Well,“ said the doctor.”I will do all that science can accomplish.But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.“ After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried.Then she marched into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling a merry tune.“好吧，”大夫說(shuō)。“我會(huì)盡一切努力，只要是科學(xué)能做到的。可是，但凡病人開始計(jì)算她出殯的行列里有幾輛馬車的時(shí)候，我就要把醫(yī)藥的療效減去一半。”大夫走后，蘇去工作室哭了一場(chǎng)。隨后她攜著畫板大步走進(jìn)約翰西的房間，口里吹著輕快的口哨。

Johnsy lay, scarcely making a movement under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window.She was looking out and counting--counting backward.約翰西躺在被子下幾乎一動(dòng)不動(dòng)，臉朝著窗。她望著窗外，數(shù)

著數(shù)――倒數(shù)著數(shù)！

”Twelve,“ she said, and a little later ”eleven“;and then ”ten,“ and ”nine“;and then ”eight“ and ”seven,“ almost together.“12，”她數(shù)道，過(guò)了一會(huì)兒“11”，接著數(shù)“10”和“9”；再數(shù)“8”和“7”，幾乎一口同時(shí)數(shù)下來(lái)。

Sue looked out of the window.What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine climbed half way up the brick wall.The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.蘇朝窗外望去。外面有什么好數(shù)的呢？外面只看到一個(gè)空蕩蕩的沉悶的院子，還有20英尺開外那磚房的側(cè)墻，上面什么也沒(méi)有。一棵古老的常青藤爬到半墻高。蕭瑟秋風(fēng)吹落了枝葉，藤上幾乎光禿禿的。

”Six,“ said Johnsy, in almost a whisper.”They're falling faster now.Three days ago there were almost a hundred.It made my head ache to count them.But now it's easy.There goes another one.There are only five left now.“

“6”，約翰西數(shù)著，聲音幾乎聽不出來(lái)。“現(xiàn)在葉子掉落得快

多了。三天前差不多還有100片。數(shù)得我頭都疼。可現(xiàn)在容易了。又掉了一片。這下子只剩5片了。”

”Five what, dear? “

“5片什么，親愛的？”

”Leaves.On the ivy vine.When the last one falls I must go, too.I've known that for three days.Didn't the doctor tell you?“

“葉子。常青藤上的葉子。等最后一片葉子掉了，我也就得走了。三天前我就知道會(huì)這樣。大夫沒(méi)跟你說(shuō)嗎？”

”O(jiān)h, I never heard of such nonsense.What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? Don't be so silly.Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were ten to one!Try to take some soup now, and let Sudie go and buy port wine for her sick child.“

“噢，我從沒(méi)聽說(shuō)過(guò)這種胡說(shuō)八道。常青藤葉子跟你病好不好有什么關(guān)系？別這么傻。對(duì)了，大夫上午跟我說(shuō)，你的病十有八九就快好了。快喝些湯，讓蘇迪給她生病的孩子去買些波爾圖葡萄酒來(lái)。”

”You needn't get any more wine,“ said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window.”There goes another.No, I don't want any soup.That leaves just four.I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark.Then I'll go, too.I'm tired of waiting.I'm tired of thinking.I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.“

“你不用再去買酒了，”約翰西說(shuō)道，兩眼一直盯著窗外。“又掉了一片。不，我不想喝湯。這一下只剩下4片了。我要在天黑前看到最后一片葉子掉落。那時(shí)我也就跟著走了。我都等膩了。也想膩了。我只想撇開一切, 飄然而去，就像那邊一片可憐的疲倦的葉子。”

”Try to sleep,“ said Sue.”I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old miner.I'll not be gone a minute.“

“快睡吧，”蘇說(shuō)。“我得叫貝爾曼上樓來(lái)給我當(dāng)老礦工模特兒。我去去就來(lái)。”

Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them.He was past sixty and had a long white beard curling down over his chest.Despite looking the part, Behrman was a failure in art.For forty years he had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it.He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists who could not pay the price of a professional.He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece.For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who mocked terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded

himself as guard dog to the two young artists in the studio above.老貝爾曼是住在兩人樓下底層的一個(gè)畫家。他已年過(guò)六旬，銀白色蜷曲的長(zhǎng)髯披掛胸前。貝爾曼看上去挺像藝術(shù)家，但在藝術(shù)上卻沒(méi)有什么成就。40年來(lái)他一直想創(chuàng)作一幅傳世之作，卻始終沒(méi)能動(dòng)手。他給那些請(qǐng)不起職業(yè)模特的青年畫家當(dāng)模特掙點(diǎn)小錢。他沒(méi)節(jié)制地喝酒，談?wù)撝羌磳?wèn)世的不朽之作。要說(shuō)其他方面，他是個(gè)好斗的小老頭，要是誰(shuí)表現(xiàn)出一點(diǎn)軟弱，他便大肆嘲笑，并把自己看成是樓上畫室里兩位年輕藝術(shù)家的看護(hù)人。

Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of gin in his dimly lighted studio below.In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece.She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt for such foolish imaginings.蘇在樓下光線暗淡的畫室里找到了貝爾曼，他滿身酒味刺鼻。屋子一角的畫架上支著一張從未落過(guò)筆的畫布，在那兒擱了25年，等著一幅杰作的起筆。蘇把約翰西的怪念頭跟他說(shuō)了，并說(shuō)約翰西本身就像一片葉子又瘦又弱，她害怕要是她那本已脆弱的生存意志再軟下去的話，真的會(huì)凋零飄落。老貝爾曼雙眼通紅，顯然是淚漣漣的，他大聲叫嚷著說(shuō)他蔑視這種傻念頭。

”What!“ he cried.”Are there people in the world foolish enough to die because leafs drop off from a vine? I have never heard of such a thing.Why do you allow such silly ideas to come into that head of hers? God!This is not a place in which one so good as Miss Johnsy should lie sick.Some day I will paint a masterpiece, and we shall all go away.Yes."

“什么！”他嚷道。“世界上竟然有這么愚蠢的人，因?yàn)闃淙~從藤上掉落就要去死？我聽都沒(méi)聽說(shuō)過(guò)這等事。你怎么讓這種傻念頭鉆到她那個(gè)怪腦袋里？天哪！這不是一個(gè)像約翰西小姐這樣的好姑娘躺倒生病的地方。有朝一日我要畫一幅巨作，那時(shí)候我們就離開這里。真的。”

Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs.Sue pulled the shade down, and motioned Behrman into the other room.In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine.Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking.A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow.Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.兩人上了樓，約翰西已經(jīng)睡著了。蘇放下窗簾，示意貝爾曼去另一個(gè)房間。在那兒兩人惶惶不安地凝視著窗外的常青藤。接著兩人