第一篇：南京玄武湖英文導(dǎo)游詞

南京玄武湖英文導(dǎo)游詞

Hello everybody!Welcome to Nanjing.My name is Hemeng, you can call me Christine also.It is my honor and privilege to be your tour guide.I will spare no efforts to make you comfortable and happy during this trip.If you have some questions or want some help, please feel free to contact me.On our way to the destination, I'd like to give you a brief introduction of Xuanwu Lake.Xuanwu Lake is in the central-northeast part of Nanjing, it nears Nanjing Railway Station and Ji Ming Temple.It is surrounded by three mountains in three directions: the Zijing mountain to the east, the Jizhao mountain and Fuzhou mountain to the south and the Mufu mountain to the north.The Ming city wall borders the park to its south and east.The lake covers 472 hectares.Xuanwu Lake is one of Nanjing Zhongshan state-level scenic spots and an important part of the national AAAA class tourist attractions.It is the largest comprehensive park in Nanjing with the function of entertainment, leisure and exercise.So beautiful it is, Xuanwu Lake can be compared with Xihu Lake.Now, we arrive at the gate of the park.Please get off the bus one by one, then I will show you around the park.Now, let's begin our trip.Xuanwu Lake contains five oasises, namely Huan zhou, Ying zhou, Liang zhou, Cui zhou and Ling zhou.Now we are walking along the circle-shaped road which leads us to the first oasis—— Huan zhou.There are lakeside rocks and rockeries in the oasis, which shows the beauty of garden architecture in southern China.Among those rocks, the “Guanyin and Tongzi”.are the most famous.They are heritages of the zhongshan amir, Xuda ,during the Ming Dynasty.Besides,There are Lama Temple and Nuona pagoda in this part.Please follow me!Let's walk across this bridge, and here it is.We are now at Ying zhou.It is an oasis in an oasis and it gained its name for its beatuful cherry flowers growing all around.Every spring flowers bloom, which attracts millions of tourists.Let's move to next scenic spot, Liang zhou.During the Liang Dynasty, prince Liangzhaoming built a terrace for reading in this oasis, which gave it its name.It was said that prince Liang gathered thirty thousand books and called for many scholars and talents to write essays.At last, they worked out the first analects of poems and essays which exerted a great impact on the study and development of literature.Unfortunately, prince Liang died of uncured disease early.People named the oasis Liang zhou to honor this hard-working prince.I want to mention that Liang zhou is the most beautiful oasis among the rest four oasises.You can find Lake Temple, Lansheng Tower, Lotus pavilion, Taoran pavilion and other historical sites here.You will appreciate the charms of natural landscape, especially the lotus pond.Cui zhou is to the east of Liang zhou.It is characterized by its green pines, cypresses, bamboo and willow.Besides, Music terrace and outdoor theater can be found here.What we are seeing now is the central oasis——Ling zhou.It borders Zhongshan mountain in the east, which gives it inviting views.There is a bird park in the oasis and it is the largest bird park in China.More than ten thousand rare birds are protected in this park.You can not only see a large number of beautiful and exotic birds but also watch bird performances in the park.You can even feed some birds in person.Now, it's your time!You can walk around the Xuanwu Lake freely and enjoy the scenery as you like.I hope you enjoy your time here!Two hours later, we'll meet at the gate of the park.By the way, please put an eye on your luggage and don't forget the time.Thank you!

第二篇：玄武湖導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客：現(xiàn)在我們前去游覽的是玄武湖公園，它位于南京城東北的玄武門外。公園占地472公頃，其中水面約368公頃，陸地104公頃，周長約 9.5公里，流域面積約14平方公里。是國家級鐘山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的重要組成部分，南京市最大的綜合性文化娛樂公園。玄武湖三面環(huán)山，兩面臨城。東有紫金山，南有雞籠山、覆舟山一脈相連，北有幕府山、觀音山等作屏障，西、南聳立著雄偉壯麗的古城墻。湖水波光粼粼，湖中的環(huán)洲、梁洲、翠洲、菱洲、櫻洲由堤橋相連，綠樹掩映，垂柳婆娑。古人曾有“錢塘莫美于西湖，金陵莫美于后湖”的贊語，把南京玄武湖與杭州西湖相媲美。

【玄武湖的成因—玄武湖的名稱來歷】

玄武湖古時(shí)與長江相通，到六朝時(shí)，在湖的北側(cè)筑了一條長堤，由于江流的不斷沖擊，隨之與長江隔絕，形成獨(dú)立的湖泊。今天玄武湖水仍靠引長江之水蓄貯。

玄武湖是燕山造山運(yùn)動形成的構(gòu)造湖，古名桑泊湖，后來因位于鐘山之陰，就被稱為“后湖”。東吳遷都建康后，在后湖南側(cè)建有宮苑，并引后湖之水注入宮苑內(nèi)，因湖在臺城之北，所以稱為“北湖”。歷史上傳說孫吳末年，丹陽縣官宣賽的母親，80高齡在后湖游水，突然化黿而去，千年不死，所以人們又稱后湖為“練湖”。至于玄武湖這一稱謂始見于448年，傳說在湖中出現(xiàn)黑龍，便改稱為“玄武湖”。湖中有龍當(dāng)然是不可能的，但有人推測二所謂黑龍可能是長江中的鱷魚，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的玄武湖仍與長江相連，鱷魚便可乘江潮游人湖中，在夏天雷陣雨來臨前，因天氣悶熱，鉆出水面，被人們誤認(rèn)為黑龍。

【玄武湖的歷史沿革】

東晉初年，玄武湖被用作封建帝王操練水師的地方，故稱“習(xí)武湖”。六朝時(shí)，又演變?yōu)榉饨ǖ弁醯膰C、游樂場所。直到唐朝起，才成為游覽區(qū)。李白、李商隱、李煜等許多詩人都有描寫玄武湖的佳作。南唐滅亡后，李煜被宋太宗捉去，軟禁在玄武湖的櫻洲，在此期間李煜寫下了一首千古絕唱的哀詩《虞美人》：“春花秋月何時(shí)了，往事知多少！小樓昨夜又東風(fēng)，故國不堪回首月明中。雕欄玉砌應(yīng)猶在，只是朱顏改。問君能有幾多愁，恰似一江春水向東流。”以此寄托他對故國的無限懷念和深切哀愁。北宋神宗時(shí)，當(dāng)朝宰相王安石被罷免回到江寧，在1075年寫《湖田疏》上奏朝廷廢湖為田，得到批準(zhǔn)，從此玄武湖美景不復(fù)當(dāng)日。元代時(shí)，重新疏浚玄武湖，使它煥發(fā)昔日美貌。但明朝初年，明太祖又把玄武湖作為禁地，在梁洲上建了“黃冊庫”，專門貯藏全國戶籍、田畝統(tǒng)計(jì)冊和各地的賦稅檔案。直到清代，玄武湖又重新開放。曾作為1910年南洋勸業(yè)會的游覽地。辛亥革命后，更名為“五洲公園”。今天的玄武湖，經(jīng)過國林工作者的梳理美化，舊貌換新顏，已初步形成了融山、水、城、林于一體的大型風(fēng)景式園林，被譽(yù)為金陵明珠。

【玄武湖的主要景區(qū)：環(huán)洲—櫻洲—梁洲—翠洲—菱洲】

玄武湖中分布著五塊綠洲，形成五處風(fēng)景區(qū)。最有特色和最負(fù)盛名的要數(shù)環(huán)洲和梁洲。從玄武門開始，一條形如玉環(huán)的陸地，從南北兩面伸入湖中，就是環(huán)洲，舊名長洲，因它像一條翠綠的玉帶環(huán)繞櫻洲，故稱環(huán)洲。舊時(shí)稱“環(huán)洲煙柳”。湖的南端假山瀑布盡顯江南園林美感，著名的石峰有“觀音石”和“童子石”，為明代中山王徐達(dá)府中的遺物。假山北面的土山，名墩子山，或叫郭仙墩，為東晉郭璞衣冠冢。洲中有喇嘛廟和諾那塔。

與環(huán)洲以一座白橋相連的是櫻洲，又名連萼洲，是四面環(huán)水的洲中洲。櫻洲以遍植櫻花而得名。春天，這里是賞櫻勝地。繁花似錦，人稱“櫻洲花海”。

從環(huán)洲經(jīng)芳橋，就是玄武湖五洲中開辟最早的梁洲，又名舊洲。梁洲團(tuán)梁朝時(shí)梁武帝的兒子昭明太子蕭統(tǒng)在此建讀書臺而得名。當(dāng)年太子在此聚書近三萬卷，博覽群書，還常召集賢士談?wù)摴沤瘢珜懳恼拢x編了一部我國最早的詩文選集《昭明文選》，這為以后的文學(xué)發(fā)展與研究產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。據(jù)說后來昭明太子在湖上蕩舟游玩時(shí)，不慎掉入水中，得病不治而死。人們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念這位好學(xué)的太子，將他的讀書臺所在地稱為梁洲。梁洲是五洲中風(fēng)景最美的地方，洲中有湖神廟、銅鉤井、賞荷亭、覽勝樓、陶然亭等名勝古跡。梁洲一年一度的菊展，傳統(tǒng)而壯觀，故有“梁洲秋菊”的美稱。

梁洲東是翠洲，舊名磷趾洲。洲上有音樂臺、少年之家、萬人露天劇場。翠洲風(fēng)光幽靜，長堤臥波，綠帶練繞，別具一格。蒼松、翠柏、嫩柳、淡竹，構(gòu)成“翠洲云村”的特色。

【玄武湖公園的娛樂設(shè)施】

游客們：有人說，到南京不游玄武湖，就像去北京不看頤和園，到杭州不去西子湖一樣令人遺憾。因?yàn)樾浜扔星屐`迷人的山水風(fēng)光，又有豐富多彩的歷史傳奇，令人流連忘返。今天的玄武湖，它不僅成為南京最大的風(fēng)景游覽區(qū)之一，而且在工業(yè)區(qū)與居住區(qū)之間，形成一個(gè)很好的天然隔離凈化帶，在保護(hù)和改善城市環(huán)境方面，起著極為重要的作用。

xiexiebang.com范文網(wǎng)(FANWEN.CHAZIDIAN.COM)

玄武湖之旅，當(dāng)您欣賞了“環(huán)洲煙柳”、“櫻洲花海”、“梁洲秋菊”、“翠洲云樹”、“菱洲山嵐”等各具特色的景觀后，相信一定會讓您感到不虛此行！

第三篇：玄武湖導(dǎo)游詞

各位游客：現(xiàn)在我們前去游覽的是玄武湖公園，它位于南京城東北的玄武門外。公園占地472公頃，其中水面約368公頃，陸地104公頃，周長約 9.5公里，流域面積約14平方公里。是國家級鐘山風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)的重要組成部分，南京市最大的綜合性文化娛樂公園。玄武湖三面環(huán)山，兩面臨城。東有紫金山，南有雞籠山、覆舟山一脈相連，北有幕府山、觀音山等作屏障，西、南聳立著雄偉壯麗的古城墻。湖水波光粼粼，湖中的環(huán)洲、梁洲、翠洲、菱洲、櫻洲由堤橋相連，綠樹掩映，垂柳婆娑。古人曾有“錢塘莫美于西湖，金陵莫美于后湖”的贊語，把南京玄武湖與杭州西湖相媲美。

【玄武湖的成因—玄武湖的名稱來歷】

玄武湖古時(shí)與長江相通，到六朝時(shí)，在湖的北側(cè)筑了一條長堤，由于江流的不斷沖擊，隨之與長江隔絕，形成獨(dú)立的湖泊。今天玄武湖水仍靠引長江之水蓄貯。

玄武湖是燕山造山運(yùn)動形成的構(gòu)造湖，古名桑泊湖，后來因位于鐘山之陰，就被稱為“后湖”。東吳遷都建康后，在后湖南側(cè)建有宮苑，并引后湖之水注入宮苑內(nèi)，因湖在臺城之北，所以稱為“北湖”。歷史上傳說孫吳末年，丹陽縣官宣賽的母親，80高齡在后湖游水，突然化黿而去，千年不死，所以人們又稱后湖為“練湖”。至于玄武湖這一稱謂始見于448年，傳說在湖中出現(xiàn)黑龍，便改稱為“玄武湖”。湖中有龍當(dāng)然是不可能的，但有人推測二所謂黑龍可能是長江中的鱷魚，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的玄武湖仍與長江相連，鱷魚便可乘江潮游人湖中，在夏天雷陣雨來臨前，因天氣悶熱，鉆出水面，被人們誤認(rèn)為黑龍。

【玄武湖的歷史沿革】

東晉初年，玄武湖被用作封建帝王操練水師的地方，故稱“習(xí)武湖”。六朝時(shí)，又演變?yōu)榉饨ǖ弁醯膰C、游樂場所。直到唐朝起，才成為游覽區(qū)。李白、李商隱、李煜等許多詩人都有描寫玄武湖的佳作。南唐滅亡后，李煜被宋太宗捉去，軟禁在玄武湖的櫻洲，在此期間李煜寫下了一首千古絕唱的哀詩《虞美人》：“春花秋月何時(shí)了，往事知多少！小樓昨夜又東風(fēng)，故國不堪回首月明中。雕欄玉砌應(yīng)猶在，只是朱顏改。問君能有幾多愁，恰似一江春水向東流。”以此寄托他對故國的無限懷念和深切哀愁。北宋神宗時(shí)，當(dāng)朝宰相王安石被罷免回到江寧，在1075年寫《湖田疏》上奏朝廷廢湖為田，得到批準(zhǔn)，從此玄武湖美景不復(fù)當(dāng)日。元代時(shí)，重新疏浚玄武湖，使它煥發(fā)昔日美貌。但明朝初年，明太祖又把玄武湖作為禁地，在梁洲上建了“黃冊庫”，專門貯藏全國戶籍、田畝統(tǒng)計(jì)冊和各地的賦稅檔案。直到清代，玄武湖又重新開放。曾作為1910年南洋勸業(yè)會的游覽地。辛亥革命后，更名為“五洲公園”。今天的玄武湖，經(jīng)過國林工作者的梳理美化，舊貌換新顏，已初步形成了融山、水、城、林于一體的大型風(fēng)景式園林，被譽(yù)為金陵明珠。

【玄武湖的主要景區(qū)：環(huán)洲—櫻洲—梁洲—翠洲—菱洲】

玄武湖中分布著五塊綠洲，形成五處風(fēng)景區(qū)。最有特色和最負(fù)盛名的要數(shù)環(huán)洲和梁洲。從玄武門開始，一條形如玉環(huán)的陸地，從南北兩面伸入湖中，就是環(huán)洲，舊名長洲，因它像一條翠綠的玉帶環(huán)繞櫻洲，故稱環(huán)洲。舊時(shí)稱“環(huán)洲煙柳”。湖的南端假山瀑布盡顯江南園林美感，著名的石峰有“觀音石”和“童子石”，為明代中山王徐達(dá)府中的遺物。假山北面的土山，名墩子山，或叫郭仙墩，為東晉郭璞衣冠冢。洲中有喇嘛廟和諾那塔。

與環(huán)洲以一座白橋相連的是櫻洲，又名連萼洲，是四面環(huán)水的洲中洲。櫻洲以遍植櫻花而得名。春天，這里是賞櫻勝地。繁花似錦，人稱“櫻洲花海”。

從環(huán)洲經(jīng)芳橋，就是玄武湖五洲中開辟最早的梁洲，又名舊洲。梁洲團(tuán)梁朝時(shí)梁武帝的兒子昭明太子蕭統(tǒng)在此建讀書臺而得名。當(dāng)年太子在此聚書近三萬卷，博覽群書，還常召集賢士談?wù)摴沤瘢珜懳恼拢x編了一部我國最早的詩文選集《昭明文選》，這為以后的文學(xué)發(fā)展與研究產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。據(jù)說后來昭明太子在湖上蕩舟游玩時(shí)，不慎掉入水中，得病不治而死。人們?yōu)榱思o(jì)念這位好學(xué)的太子，將他的讀書臺所在地稱為梁洲。梁洲是五洲中風(fēng)景最美的地方，洲中有湖神廟、銅鉤井、賞荷亭、覽勝樓、陶然亭等名勝古跡。梁洲一年一度的菊展，傳統(tǒng)而壯觀，故有“梁洲秋菊”的美稱。

梁洲東是翠洲，舊名磷趾洲。洲上有音樂臺、少年之家、萬人露天劇場。翠洲風(fēng)光幽靜，長堤臥波，綠帶練繞，別具一格。蒼松、翠柏、嫩柳、淡竹，構(gòu)成“翠洲云村”的特色。

玄武湖最中心的一個(gè)洲是菱洲，洲東瀕鐘山，有“千云非一狀”的鐘云山霞，自古就有“菱洲山嵐”的美名。洲上有動物園，飼養(yǎng)各種珍禽異獸150種，2500多頭（只）。

【玄武湖公園的娛樂設(shè)施】

玄武湖五洲之間，橋堤相通，風(fēng)光各異。此外，1994年興建的坐落于玄武門至解放門段的高爾夫俱樂部，包括18洞迷你型高爾夫球場、水上發(fā)球場、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型網(wǎng)球場，以及一座造型新穎獨(dú)特，兼有餐飲、娛樂、高級商務(wù)洽談的高爾夫會館，為玄武湖又添一景。位于原萬人游泳池的水上樂園，占地200畝，可同時(shí)容納萬人以上，由滑道群、飄流河、兒童戲水池、水景廣場、造波池、感人泳池、臨水高空觀覽車等部分組成，是人們休閑、納涼、娛樂、游覽的好去處。

玄武湖公園水、陸、空交通獨(dú)具特色。水面上有快艇、自娛艇、豪華渡輪、水上火車等；陸地上有法國式小火車，車型獨(dú)特，色彩鮮艷，最高時(shí)速16公里，并適合各種道路行駛，乘坐舒適，視野開闊；空中有環(huán)湖觀光列車，無污染、無噪音，運(yùn)載能力達(dá)每趟60人，車速為每小時(shí)12公里，線路從玄武門至解放門，全長3249米。置身其中，給人以全新鳥瞰的角度審視玄武湖的娃力。

游客們：有人說，到南京不游玄武湖，就像去北京不看頤和園，到杭州不去西子湖一樣令人遺憾。因?yàn)樾浜扔星屐`迷人的山水風(fēng)光，又有豐富多彩的歷史傳奇，令人流連忘返。今天的玄武湖，它不僅成為南京最大的風(fēng)景游覽區(qū)之一，而且在工業(yè)區(qū)與居住區(qū)之間，形成一個(gè)很好的天然隔離凈化帶，在保護(hù)和改善城市環(huán)境方面，起著極為重要的作用。

玄武湖之旅，當(dāng)您欣賞了“環(huán)洲煙柳”、“櫻洲花海”、“梁洲秋菊”、“翠洲云樹”、“菱洲山嵐”等各具特色的景觀后，相信一定會讓您感到不虛此行！

第四篇：玄武湖導(dǎo)游詞

玄武湖導(dǎo)游詞

游客朋友們，大家好，我是xxx，今天我將與您一同開啟在玄武湖上的一段時(shí)光之旅。

您看，湖岸邊婀娜的柳枝搖曳生姿，湖邊的玄武門古樸大方，兩側(cè)依偎著的是六百多年的明城墻，古老的城墻后方，那高高矗立的便是南京城的地標(biāo)——紫峰大廈。它年輕、帥氣，風(fēng)姿挺拔，俯瞰著古都金陵每天的變化。每每來到這里，我都想起那首歌：時(shí)間都去哪兒了，我想好好感受你美麗變化。

湖水靜靜的流動，就像時(shí)光在悄悄流逝，南京的歷史在這里被定格成一幅幅的畫面。

兩千多年前，這里還叫桑泊，蘆葦叢生、一片蒼茫。三國年間，孫權(quán)定都建業(yè)，稱其為“后湖”，并在此操練水軍，“五百樓船十萬兵、登高閱武陣云生”，一派雄渾壯觀的場景。歷經(jīng)六朝皇家園林的氣派、宋朝泄湖得田的磨礪，元代清淤復(fù)建的歷程，到了大明王朝，這里成為國家檔案珍藏的黃冊禁地，一度與世隔絕，成為禁區(qū)。直到1910年，兩江總督端方、張人駿開辟了今天的玄武門，玄武湖才逐漸對世人揭開了那神秘的面紗。

我們右前方高高矗立的佛塔，便是六朝名剎——雞鳴寺所在。它是南京最古老的梵剎之一，古名同泰寺，杜牧詩中的“南朝四百八十寺”，唯有此處一直盛名遠(yuǎn)揚(yáng)，菩薩皇帝梁武帝就曾經(jīng)四度舍身于此，可見其在佛教界的影響力。此刻您正在湖上遙望古寺佛塔，一會兒您不妨親自登上雞籠山，在豁蒙樓里，品上一壺茶，悠閑的再賞這山色湖光。

前方那處斑駁古城就是韋莊筆下“無情最是臺城柳，依舊煙籠十里堤”的臺城。作為六朝首都禁城的一部分，臺城從三國東吳的后苑城、東晉成帝時(shí)的宮城到南朝四代的皇城，集百年繁華、歷代興盛于一身。但歷史的無常總是令人扼腕唏噓，臺城屢遭破壞，我們現(xiàn)在看到的只是朱元璋建城時(shí)留下的一段廢棄的城墻。

今天的玄武湖上環(huán)洲、櫻洲、菱洲、梁洲和翠洲五洲擁翠，堤橋相連;湖堤煙柳如霜，迎風(fēng)搖曳。您也許會感慨，這幾千年的時(shí)間都去哪兒了?怎么玄武湖，竟然沒有留下一絲歲月的滄桑。

您請看，我們左前方如蒼龍盤踞的一黛青山就是紫金山，它默默守護(hù)著南京城。而玄武湖就像南京城的媽媽一樣，包容著孩子的任性與倔強(qiáng)，我以為，今天的南京城，沒有哪一處景點(diǎn)能像玄武湖一樣，把這個(gè)城市的歷史如此完整的凝聚收藏。您看，一側(cè)是相伴一生的紫金山，一側(cè)是六百多年的明城墻，東晉的十里堤、六朝的雞鳴塔、還有城墻后方那一幢幢現(xiàn)代的高樓不斷的生長，他們依偎在湖水的身旁，就像孩子陪伴著母親，這一幅畫面，像不像一張南京城的全家福?時(shí)間都去哪兒了?還沒好好感受船就靠岸了。相聚的時(shí)光總是那么的短暫，親愛的朋友們，小杜期待著與您再次相遇在美麗的玄武湖上。

第五篇：南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞

南京中山陵英文導(dǎo)游詞

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest.Nanjing has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six “dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.Mr.Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.So foreign friends would call him “Dr.Sun Yat-sen ”.Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr.Sun Zhongshan in China.On October 12, 1866, Mr.Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county(the present-day zhongshang City),Guangdong Province.When he was still young, he had great expectations.He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities.In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president.He put forward the famous guiding principle-“driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood.” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr.Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces.On the following New Year` s day(January 1, 1912)Mr.Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr.Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou.At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles.He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers.” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr.Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr.Sun himself.Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum.You may wonder: Mr.Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb? It is said that far before Mr.Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen.On March 31,1912 Mr.Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China.One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty.They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now.Mr.Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr.Sun` s mausoleum.The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded.”So although Mr.Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.In order to respect Mr.Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum.They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr.Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929.It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum.The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr.Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing.From then on ,Mr.Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.The construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing.In order to meet Mr.Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east;it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road.Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads.At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate.Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built.Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards.And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products.Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road.The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time.Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy.The design reminds the people of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation.The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.Now ,please look to the south.There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou.The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails.The copper “ding”(an ancient cooking vessel)with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg.IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters.It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum.The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr.Dai jitao.One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University.Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved.To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum.It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns.The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width.It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style.Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board.The word in English mean fraternity.They were written by Dr.Sun Yat-sen.The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ”.It is said that Mr.Sun very much liked to write these two words to others.Dr.Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years.So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum.The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide.The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific.In order to embody the greatness of Mr.Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high.In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn.Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind.The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr.Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times.Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City.The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area.IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep.It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.SunYat-sen` s handwriting.It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people.This is the goal for which Mr.Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles.We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”.These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai.When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr.Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write.Because they thought that Mr.Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr.Sun without engraving an inscription.Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge(known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge).So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.Now we are coming near the top platform.Look ,there are two big copper “ding”.They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time.Now, please look carefully.There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”.Why? Just let me tell you.In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding.Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style.They are presented by Mr.Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform.Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance.The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity.The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters.If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290.In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform.But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms.The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber.They are the major parts of the Mausoleum.The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer.If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer.So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style.It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns.Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles.The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief-“Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood”.These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr.Sun` s revolutionary activities.Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.Please follow me into the Memorial Hall.The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province.The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China.There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each.You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble.Now you can have a look at Mr.Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls.The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China.The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos.They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine.The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr.Sun Yat-sen.In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr.Sun Yat-sen in a robe.It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide.It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland.He was entrusted by the committee of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it.He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue.In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris.Its total cost was 1.5 million francs.The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr.Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber.There are two doors that you need to get through.The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper.The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese.The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou.The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.The tomb is a half globe in shape.The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome.The floor of the round room is covered with marble.The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters.The walls are covered with pink marbles.The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter.It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails.In the pit lays Dr.Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.This is sculpted in accordance to Mr.Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor.His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture.You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr.Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts.The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution.They insisted that Mr.Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr.Sun remains are in the tomb or not.In fact, his remains had a unusual experience.After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925.When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr.Sun` s remains and decided to burn them.It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains.Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again.On May 28, 1929, Mr.Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum.After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it.The bottom of the tomb is granite.Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box.After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time.Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT.At last Chang gave up the plan.So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park.The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr.Sun` s remains.Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr.Sun.Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese.The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot.IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr.Sun` s birthday.Ladies and gentlemen.Mr.Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years.He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days.The great feat Mr.Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad.After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years.People come here to pay homage to Mr.Sun.Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits.I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous.At that time, when hearing this.Dr.Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world.OK, thank you very much for your cooperation.Good bye and good luck!