第一篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語中級寫作課程教案
《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語中級寫作》，徐克容，外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
英語寫作中級（上）課程教案
I 授課題目：Unit One We Learn As We Grow
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of exemplication: → Definition → Kinds of examples → Sources of examples
2、To learn to outline expositive essays
知識點： → The definition and introduction of exposition and essay.→ Exposition is explanatory writing.It?s purpose is to explain or clarify a point.→ An essay is a related group of paragraphs written for some purpose
（二）熟悉: → Practice the basics of exemplification
→ Practice outlining 知識點：→ Patterns of exposition, the choice of examples, the choice of appropriate examples, the organization of an exemplification essay:
→Types of essays, basic structures of an expositive essay, elements of the expositive essay → Types of outline, rules concerning outline
（三）了解：→Patterns of exposition, types of essays, types of outline process analysis, cause-effect analysis, Comparison and contrast, classification, definition and analogy，narrative essays, descriptive essays, expositive essays and argumentative essays
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：Exemplification, types of outline； 難點：Sentence outline and topic outline
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 第一課
Exemplification
第一課 Elements of the Essay: Outlining
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次：Read on the subject and write an example paper of 200-250 words on the given topic.第二次：Read on the subject and write an essay of 200-250 words on the given topic, using either a single extended example or two or three short ones to develop your thesis statement.第三次： Ask students to practice outlining
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure →
Prewriting-choosing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting: getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors
II 授課題目：Unit Two
I Made It
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of process analysis → Definition → Uses → Types → Methods
2、To learn to write thesis statement
知識點：→ The definiton and introduction of process analysis → The function of process analysis
→ The differences between thesis statement vs.topic sentence
（二）熟悉:
→ The areas the process analysis is usually used.知識點: → Functions of process analysis:giving instructions, giving information and giving the history
→
Major types of process analysis: directive analysis, informative process analysis
→
Writing an effective thesis statement
（三）了解：The basics of process writing and thesis statement
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：Organization of a process paper, practice of effective thesis statement； 難點：Guidelines on process analysis, writing effective thesis ststement
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 第二課
Process Analysis
第二課
Elements of the essay: The Thesis Statement
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次：Read on the subject and write an informative process paper describing how you succeeded in doing something
第二次：Read on the subject and write a directive process paper telling first-year students how to adjust to life at college.第三次：Ask students to practise writing the thesis statement
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-chossing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting:getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors
授課題目：Unit Three College Is Not a Paradise
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of Cause-Effect analysis → Definition → Uses → Patterns
2、To learn to write an introduction to expositive essays → What to include in the introduction → How to write effective introduction
知識點：→ The definiton and introduction of cause-effect analysis → The function of cause-effect analysis
→ The writing of effective introduction
（二）熟悉:
→ The functions and areas the cause-effect analysis is usually used.知識點: → Functions of cause-effect analysis: explaining why certain things happen, analyzing what will happen as a result
→
Major types of cause-effect analysis: focusing on cause and focusing on effects，→
How to start and write effective introduction
（三）了解： the basics of cause-effect analysis and writing effective introduction
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：How to focus on cause or effects, How to start and write effective introduction； 難點：How to focus on cause or effects, How to start and write effective introduction
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容
第三課
Cause-Effect Analysis
第三課
Parts of the essay: The Introduction
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次：Read on the subject and write an essay on any of the given topics analyzing cause.5 第二次：Read on the subject and write, from your own experience, an essay analyzing the effects of anthing taught in class.第三次：Ask students to practise writing the introduction
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-chossing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting: getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors
授課題目：Four What Makes the Differences
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of Comparison and Contrast → Definition → Uses → Patterns → Methods
2、To learn to develop the body of expositive essays → What its structure looks like? → What it includes
知識點：→ The definiton and introduction of Comparison and Contrast → The function of cause-effect analysis
→ The writing of effective introduction
（二）熟悉:
→ The functions and areas the comparison/contrast is usually used., the general structure of the body of an essay 知識點: → Functions of comparison/contrast: clarifying something unknown, bringing one or both of the subject into sharper shape
→
Three patterns of comparison/contrast: subject by subject, point by point, mixed sequence
→
Familiarity of the general structure of the body of an essay
（三）了解： The basics of Comparison and Contrast and the general structure of the body of an essay
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：Three patterns of comparison/contrast: subject by subject, point by point, mixed sequence
General structure of the body: Beginning, Body and End
難點： How to organize a comparison/contrast essay, How to develop body paragraphs
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容
第四課
Comparison/Contrast 第四課 Parts of the essay: The Body
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次：Read on the subject and write a subject-by-subject essay of comparison/contraston any of the given topics
第二次：Read on the subject and write a point-by-point essay of comparison/contraston any of the given topics
第三次：Ask students to practise writing the body of the essay
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-chossing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting:getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors
授課題目：Unit Five It Takes All Sorts to Make a World
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of Classification → Definition → Uses → Methods
2、To learn to write the conclusion of expositive essays → What is classification? → What is classification used for?
知識點： → The definiton and introduction of classification → The function of classification
→ The writing of effective classification
（二）熟悉:
→ The functions and areas the classification is usually used., the conclusion of expositive essays 知識點: → Functions of classification:
To organize and perceive the world around us
To present a mass of material by means of some orderly system
To deal with complex or abstract topics by breaking a broad subject into smaller, neatly sorted categories.→
The general pattern of classification
→
sentence patterns in classification
→
Familiarity of the the conclusion of expositive essays
（三）了解： The functions and areas the classification is usually used., the conclusion of expositive essays
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：some sentence patterns in classification
the conclusion of expositive essays 9
難點： Parts of the conclusion: a summary of the main points, or restatements of your thesis in different work.三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 第五課
classification
第五課 Parts of the essay: The conclusion
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次：Read on the subject and write a classification essay on any of the given topics 第二次：Write an essay of 200-250 words on any of the given topics.第三次：Ask students to practise writing the conclusion of the essay
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-chossing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting:getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors 授課題目：Unit Six
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
What Does It Mean
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of Definition → Definition → Types → Methods of Organization
2、To learn to write the title of expositive essays → What is definiton → Types of definition
知識點： → The Standard /Formal Definition → The Connotative/Personal Definition
→ The Extended Definition
（二）熟悉:
→ The functions and areas the definition is usually used., the title of expositive essays 知識點:
→
Functions and patterns of definition:
→ The Standard /Formal Definition is used to explain a term or concept your audience or reader may not know or understand, → The Connotative/Personal Definition is used to explain any word or concept that doesn?t have the same meaning for everyone.→ The Extended Definition is used to explore a topic by examining its various meanings and implications.（三）了解： How to write an extended definition
How to organize an extended essay
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：Functions and patterns of definition
How to write an extended definition
How to write the title of an expositive essay 難點：How to organize an extended essay
How to write the title of an expositive essay
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 第六課
definition
第六課 Parts of the essay: The Title
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次： Read on the subject and write a definition essay on any of the given topics 第二次：Write an essay of 200-250 words on any of the given topics.第三次：Ask students to practise writing the title of the essay
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-choosing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting: getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors
Unit Six
Task One Definition I What is definition?
In talking with other people, we sometimes offer informal definitions to explain just what we mean by a particular term.That is, to avoid confusion or misunderstanding, we have to define a word, term, or concept which is unfamiliar to most readers or open to various interpretations.Suppose, for example, we say to a friend:” Forrest is really an inconsiderate person.” We might then explain what we mean by “ inconsiderate” by saying, “He borrowed my accounting book overnight but didn?t return it for a week.And when I got it back, it was covered with coffee stains.Definition is the explanation of the meaning of a word or concept, and it is also a method of developing an essay.II.The ways to define a word or term
There are three basic ways to define a word or term
A.To give a synonym For example: ? To mend is to repair.”
Or “ A fellow is a man or a boy.”
B.To use a sentence(often with an attributive clause)For example, ink may be define in a sentence: “Ink is colored water which we use for writing.”
C.To write a paragraph or even an essay But a synonymy or a sentence cannot give a satisfactory definition of an abstract term whose meaning is complex.We have to write a paragraph or an essay with examples or negative examples(what the term does not mean), with analogies or comparisons, with classification or cause-effect analysis.III.When we give a definition, we should observe certain principles: 1.First, we should avoid circular definitions.“Democracy is the democratic process.” And “astronomer is one who studies astronomy” are circular definition.2.Second, we should avoid long lists of synonyms if the term to be defined is an abstract one.For example: By imagination, I mean the power to form mental images of objects, the power to form new ideas, the gift of employing images in writing, and the tendency to attribute reality to unreal things, situations and states.(picking up words, expressions from a dictionary , in the hope that one will hit)3.Third, we should avoid loaded definition, Loaded definitions do not explain terms but make an immediate appeal for emotional approval.A definition like:? By state enterprise, I mean high cost and poor efficiency.” is loaded with pejorative emotional connotation.Conversely, “ By state enterprise, I mean one of the great blessing of democratic planning” is loaded with favorable emotional connotation.Such judgements can be vigorious to a discussion, but they lead to argument, not clarification, when offered as definition.IV.Types of definition 1.Standard/ Formal definition---denotation is a word?s core, direct, and literal meaning.2.Connotative/Personal meaning---Explains what you mean by a certain term or concept that could have different meanings for others.On the other hand, connotation is the implied, suggested meaning of a word;it refers to the emotional response stimulated by associations the word carries with it.A.For Americans, Water gate is associated with a political scandal that means dishonesty.And more words are created with the suffix—gate to mean some scandal in English now, thus, Iran Gate, Intelligence Gate B.Dogs, in Chinese culture, may be quite a negative image.It is insulting to call someone a dog.What about the western people? In their eyes, dog is lovely and has good associated meanings.They say “ Love me, love my dog.”
C.Imperialism means to us Chinese quite negative.Some of the western people may be proud of being imperial and imperialism itself.D.People everywhere may also share some connotations for some words.They are general connotations.Mother means love, care, selfless, etc.E.Let?s get the gang together for a party tonight.(a group)Don?t go around with that gang or you?ll come to no good.(degraded group of people or group of criminals)Connotation can make all the difference.It is the mirror of your attitude.3.Extended definition---is an essay length piece of writing using this method of development.V.How to write an extended definition
Follow 4 rules for a good definition:
1.Don?t use the words “when “?where”, giving a definition.A common practice is to define the noun with a noun, adjective with adjective and so on.2.Remember, that definition is not a repetition.3.Use simple and well-known term in your explanation.4.Point out the distinguishing features of the term.Unit Six
Task Two: The Title I.What is title? A title is a very brief summary of what your paper is about.It is often no more than several words.You may find it easier to write the title after you have completed your paper.A title may be a phrase which can indicate a topic of interest(i.e.your focus)and at the same time point towards a particular kind of discussion(your mode of argument).Accordingly, your title needs not only to indicate what the essay will be about, but also to indicate the point of view it will adopt concerning whatever it is about.II.The purpose of the title To give the reader an idea of what the essay is about To provide focus for the essay To arouse the reader?s interest
III.How to write a good title Make it clear, concise and precise Use a phrase rather than a sentence Exclude all extra words IV.Other rules to obey Center it at the top of the first page.Use no period at the end or quotation marks Capitalize the first and last words Capitalize all other words except ? articles(a, the)? the to in infinitives ? prepositions containing one syllable ? coordinating conjunctions(and, but, or, etc)
A title leads, but a poor title misleads.Be sure that it is appropriate.Besides, be careful with the capitalization.Write an appropriate title for each of the introductory paragraphs that follow.1.Title: _____Reactions to Disappointment___________________
Ben Franklin said that the only sure things in life are death and taxes.He left something out, however: disappointment.No one gets through life without experiencing many disappointments.Strangely, though, most people seem unprepared for disappointment and react to it in negative ways.They feel depressed or try to escape their troubles instead of using disappointments asan opportunity for growth.2.Title: ____Annoying People_____________________
President Richard Nixon used to keep “enemies list” of all the people he didn?t especially like.Iam ashamed to confess it, butI, too, have an enemies list—a mental one.On this list are the people I would gladly live without , the ones who cause my blood pressure to rise to the boiling point.The top three places on the list go to people with annoying nervous habits, people who talk in movie theatres, and people who talk on car phones while driving.3.Title: ___The Meaning of Maturity______________________ Being a mature student does not mean being an old-timer.Maturity is not measured by the number of years a person have lived.Instead, the yardstick of maturity is marked by the qualities of self-denial, determination, and dependability.4.Title: _____College Stress____________________
Jack?s heart pounds as he casts panicky looks around the classroom.He doesn?t recognize the professor, he doesn?t know any of the students, and he can?t even figure out what the subject is.In front of him is a test.At the last minute his roommate awakens him.It?s only another anxiety dream.The very fact that dreams like Jack?s are common suggests that college is a stressful situation for young people.The cause of this stress can be academic, financial, and personal.5.Title: __How to Complain_______________________
I?m not just a consumer—I?m a victim.If I order a product, it is sure to arrive in the wrong color, sixe, or quantity.If I hire people to do repairs, they never arrive on the day scheduled.If I owe a bill, the computer is bound to overcharge me.Therefore, in self-defense, I have developed the following consumer?s guide to complaining affectively 授課題目：Unit Seven The Insight I Gained
一、教學(xué)目的、要求：
（一）掌握：
1、To learn the basics of Analogy → Definition → Uses → Methods of Organization
2、To learn to use transitions → What is analogy → The difference between analogy and comparison
知識點： → The field analogy is used
→ The difference between analogy and comparison
→ The patterns of analogy
（二）熟悉:
→ The functions and areas analogy is usually used., to learn to use transition 知識點:
→
Functions and patterns of analogy:
→ A comparison explains two obviously similar things and considers both their differences and similarities → An analogy compares two apparently unlike things, and focus only on their major similarities
→
An analogy is thus an extended metaphor—the figure of speech that declares one thing to be another
（三）了解： How to organize an analogy by the way---subject by subject
How to organize an analogy by the way—point by point
二、教學(xué)重點及難點：
重點：Functions and patterns of definition
The differences between comparison and analogy
How to learn to use transition
How to organize an analogy by the way---subject by subject How to organize an analogy by the way—point by point
難點：How to learn to use transition
How to organize an analogy by the way---subject by subject How to organize an analogy by the way—point by point
三、課時安排：共4課時
四、授課方式：講授、課堂快速閱讀練習(xí)、課堂提問、寫作實踐講解
五、教學(xué)基本內(nèi)容 第六課
definition
第六課 Parts of the essay: The Title
六、參考書目：《英語寫作手冊》，《美國大學(xué)英語寫作》
七、作業(yè)和思考題：
第一次： Read on the subject and write a definition essay on any of the given topics 第二次：Write an essay of 200-250 words on any of the given topics.第三次：Ask students to practise writing the title of the essay
八、課后小結(jié)：Emphasis on the writing procedure → Prewriting-chossing a topic and exploring ideas
→
Drafting: getting your ideas on paper
→
Revising: strengthening your essay
→
Editing and proofreading: eliminating technical errors 18
第二篇：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語-課程情況匯總
現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語--課程情況匯總
課程名稱：現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語
任課教師：
授課班級：級商務(wù)英語3、4班
教師簡介：
教師：張梅畢業(yè)院校：學(xué)位：碩士專業(yè)：外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)參加工作時間：2007年7月 教師教學(xué)能力:
英語精讀課是大學(xué)英語專業(yè)教學(xué)的重點，也是大學(xué)英語教學(xué)比較難以處理與把握的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。本人能夠獨立承擔(dān)本課程的教學(xué)任務(wù), 在備課的過程中能夠做到認(rèn)真、仔細，在充分理解教材的基礎(chǔ)上認(rèn)真?zhèn)浜妹恳惶谜n。能夠熟練駕馭課堂，清楚講解每堂課的內(nèi)容，做到有條理、層次清楚，便于學(xué)生對單詞、重點短語以及課文的理解的掌握。針對一年級學(xué)生應(yīng)首先以打基礎(chǔ)為最終教學(xué)目的，在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上以語音、語調(diào)、詞匯、語法結(jié)構(gòu)為講解的出發(fā)點，對主要的語法結(jié)構(gòu)有規(guī)律地循環(huán)練習(xí)。精讀的閱讀材料一般都具有大量啟發(fā)式口、筆頭練習(xí)；在每個單元中通過練習(xí)題的講解也使得學(xué)生對英語的語音語調(diào)、語言結(jié)構(gòu)、情節(jié)和語言功能有一定的認(rèn)識。
學(xué)生情況：
級商務(wù)專業(yè)的大部分的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情高,課堂上能夠做到全神貫注,積極思考 問題。
教材選用:
《現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語精讀》
第三篇：《大學(xué)英語寫作》課程教學(xué)大綱
《大學(xué)英語寫作》課程教學(xué)大綱
一、課程的性質(zhì)和任務(wù)
課程性質(zhì)：大學(xué)英語寫作是國際商務(wù) / 商貿(mào)英語雙專業(yè)的一門專業(yè)實踐課。
主要任務(wù)：本課程涵蓋cet-4應(yīng)試作文的寫作技巧，內(nèi)容涉及詞、句、段、篇諸多方面，從易到難，循序漸進，理論與實踐相結(jié)合，旨在提高該專業(yè)學(xué)生的四級作文得分率。
二、課時分配
三、課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容
第一章、cet-4 作文簡介
重點：四級寫作的基本要求、評分原則及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
難點：作文命題形式及常考題型分析
第二章、寫作技巧之遣詞
重點：遣詞的準(zhǔn)確性、簡潔性與生動性
難點：遣詞的生動性
第三章、寫作技巧之煉句
重點：煉句的統(tǒng)一性、連貫性與簡潔性
難點：病句分析
第四章、寫作技巧之組段——段落結(jié)構(gòu)
重點：主題句、擴展句與結(jié)論句的寫作
難點：主題句在段落中的位置
第五章、寫作技巧之組段——展開段落的方法
重點：列舉法、舉例法、比較法、對比法、程序法、因果法、分類法、定義法、時空法 難點：舉例法、對比法、因果法、分類法
第六章、寫作技巧之組段——如何寫好段落
重點：中心明確、內(nèi)容充實、轉(zhuǎn)合自然
難點：段落的起承轉(zhuǎn)合 第七章、cet-4 常用文體解析
重點：描寫文、記敘文、說明文、議論文
難點：議論文
第八章、應(yīng)試對策
重點：審題和構(gòu)思、列提綱、動筆、修改
難點：列提綱
第九章、cet-4 寫作慣用表達及實踐
重點：cet-4 寫作慣用表達及實踐
難點：cet-4 真題命題歸類
第十章、文化教育
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十一章、工作與家庭
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十二章、興趣愛好
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十三章、人生觀與價值觀
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十四章、科學(xué)與技術(shù)
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十五章、社會問題
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十六章、人類環(huán)境
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
第十七章、運動與健康
重點：范文解析
難點：真題練筆
1問題的能力；引導(dǎo)學(xué)
教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)。
3四、課程教學(xué)的基本要求 教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)包括：課堂講授及習(xí)題課、課外作業(yè)、考試考查等。、課堂講授：采用啟發(fā)式教學(xué)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生思考問題、分析問題和解決生通過實踐和自學(xué)獲得知識，同時增加討論課、現(xiàn)場課及質(zhì)疑答疑等、教學(xué)輔助資料：cet-4全真/模擬卷（作文部分）。、實踐課安排：本課程教學(xué)中安排有8課時作為實踐課。
五、建議教材與教學(xué)參考書
王蕾、徐江主編，《作文應(yīng)試技巧》，天津科技翻譯出版公司，2002年9月
六、說明
1、本教學(xué)大綱適用于四年制的國際商務(wù) / 商貿(mào)英語雙專業(yè)。
2、本課程在該專業(yè)第二學(xué)期開設(shè)，每周2課時，共計36課時。
陸 霞編
徐仁鳳審
第四篇：大學(xué)英語寫作
常用寫作句型
1現(xiàn)象解釋型
模板一
⑴According to the chart/graph/ table/ picture, it is clear that 圖表/畫內(nèi)容總概括.⑵The chart/graph/ table/picture shows.⑶Many reasons contribute to 現(xiàn)象概括.⑷To begin with, 原因一.⑸進一步闡述原因一.⑹Moreover, 原因二.⑺In addition, 原因三.⑻As a result, 段落總結(jié)句.⑼As to me, I think 我的觀點/態(tài)度/建議.⑽ First of all, 理由一.⑾ Besides, 理由二.⑿To conclude, 模板二
Topic
⑴From the chart/graph/ table/picture, we learn that nowadays, 總述社會現(xiàn)象/事實現(xiàn)象, which has aroused the great /common concern.⑵what impresses me most is.⑶That are many reasons accounting for.⑷First of all,原因一.⑸進一步闡述原因一.⑹ What is more, 原因二.⑺ For example, 舉例說明原因二.⑻ In addition, 原因三.⑼As far as I am concerned, 我的觀點.⑽For one thing/On one hand 理由一.⑾ For another/ On the other hand,.⑿Thus/In brief/Taking above mentioned factors into consideration, I may reasonably conclude that….常用句型
⑴As is described in the chart/graph/table/picture, in the past few decades, there have arisen sharp increase in…如圖中所示，在過去的幾十年中，……急劇增長。
⑵The chart/graph/table/picture describes that the figure declines/falls smoothly/markedly, it indicates that…
圖表顯示數(shù)字下降平緩/明顯，這表明……
⑶In the chart/graph/table/picture, we can seen that there was a slight/ marked fluctuation.It reveals that…
在圖表中，我們可以看到有細微/很明顯的波動，這表明…
⑷Recently, the problems of …h(huán)as become the focus of the public concern.近來，…問題引起公眾極大的關(guān)注。
⑸There may be a combination of factors which contribute to/ are responsible for/ explain… …可能是好幾個因素造成的結(jié)果。
⑹There may be several possible reasons for which will be demonstrated below.可能有幾個原因?qū)е铝宋覀兿旅嫠U述的問題。
⑺It’s no easy /simple task to offer the reasons for this phenomenon which involves more than one complicated factors.要解釋該現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因并不容易，因為其中涉及到很多復(fù)雜的因素。
⑻ Among all the important/convincing reasons for…,one should be emphasized… 在所有重要/有力的原因中，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)重點關(guān)注…
2問題解決型
模板一
Topic
⑴It is well-known that 相關(guān)背景, but nowadays 總述不良現(xiàn)象或問題.⑵現(xiàn)象具體表現(xiàn)一.⑶現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)二.⑷It should be paid attention to that 該現(xiàn)象 is causing great harm/該現(xiàn)象 is caused for many reasons.⑸On one hand, ⑹On the other hand,.⑺Therefore, it is high time that ⑻First of all, 解決方法一.⑼進一步闡述方法一.⑽Secondly/In addition, 解決方法二.⑾Thirdly/Besides/Morever.解決方法三.⑿Only in this way can we解決問題.模板二
Topic
⑴There has been a discussion recently about 事實現(xiàn)象.⑵ It is obvious that 危害一/作用一.⑶ Additionally, 危害二/作用二.⑷So how to 解決問題is worth paying attention to.⑸On one hand/ Firstly, 解決方法一.⑹進一步闡述方法二⑺On the other hand/Secondly,解決方法二.⑻For example,支持該方法的例子.⑼In addition/ Thirdly, 解決方法三.⑽In fact, more than three ways can be adopted.⑾As for me, 我的思考或看法.⑿All in all, 總結(jié)全文.常用句型
⑴It is important that effective actions should be taken to prevent the situation.⑵There is little doubt that serious attention must be called to…
⑶There is no immediate solution to the problem of…,but …might be helpful/ but the general awareness of the necessity of…might be the first step.⑷In order to make our world a better place in which we live, we should make great efforts to… ⑸To conclude, we can see the best way is…
⑹Following these methods may not guarantee the success in solution to…, but the payoff will be worth the effort.3對比選擇型
模板一
Topic
⑴Different people have different views on看法/問題.⑵Somme prefer 一種看法觀點.⑶Others tend to.⑷As for me, I agree to the first/ second opinion.⑸Of course, 我不贊同的觀點的合理性.⑹For example, 支持其合理性的例子.⑺But 我不贊同的觀點的不足.⑻The following reason can account for your preference.⑼The main reason is that 支持觀點的理由一.⑽ A good example to illustrate is that 支持理由一的例子.⑾In addition/ What’s more,支持觀點的理由二.⑿For the foregoing, 重申觀點.模板二
Topic
⑴When it comes to事物/問題, different people will offer different opinions.⑵Some people take it for granted that 觀點一.⑶In their opinion, 觀點一的理由一.⑷Besides, 觀點一的理由二.⑸However, others hold that觀點二.⑹They maintain that 觀點二的理由一.⑺And 觀點二的理由二.⑻Weighing up these two arguments, I am for 觀點一/觀點二.⑼ On one hand, 理由一.⑽ On the other hand, ⑾ For instance, 舉例說明理由二.⑿ Therefore, as stated above, 常用句式
⑴ There is a general discussion nowadays on the problem of …Some argue that …,but others set forth a totally different argument about the issue.⑵ In response to the problem, some people believe…,in their minds,…Other maintain that…, in their eyes,…
⑶ Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion.⑷ In conclusion, it is clear that
4觀點論證型
模板一
⑴ It is true that 普遍的觀點.⑵ However, 不同的觀點/現(xiàn)象.⑶ I think,我的觀點.⑷ 理由或其他論據(jù) can be listed as follows.⑸ Firstly，論據(jù)一.⑹ Secondly, 論據(jù)二.⑺ For example, 支持論據(jù)二的事例.⑻ Thirdly, 論據(jù)
三.⑼ A case in point is 支持論據(jù)三的事例.⑽ There is no doubt that 重申觀點.⑾ Therefore, 與該觀點相符的做法.⑿ In a word, 總結(jié)全文.模板二
Topic
⑴ Many people believe that 社會現(xiàn)象/事實.⑵The truth is deep and profound.⑶ As we all know,具體表現(xiàn)一.⑷ In addition, 具體表現(xiàn)二.⑸ There are numerous examples supporting this argument.⑹ A case in point is 闡述第一個例子⑺ For another example, 引出并說明第二個例子.⑻ Moreover, 闡述第三個例子.⑼All mentioned above that tells us that重申觀點.⑽ But(One thing we have to notice is that)提出個人建議.⑾ In short,總結(jié)全文.常用句式
⑴ It is well known that …plays an important part in…
⑵ It is believed that …
⑶ There are many reasons explaining …
⑷ From what has been mentioned above, we may safely come to the conclusion that …
5應(yīng)用文
⑴建議信模板
Date
Dear ___________,⑴ I am delighted to learn that _________.⑵ It____________.⑶ In my opinion, ________.⑷ On one hand,_________.⑸ On the other hand,_________.⑹ As to ________, I suggest ___________.⑺ If__________.⑻ It is unnecessary for you to _____________.⑼ In addition, ________________.⑽ I am sure _______________.⑾ Please inform me _________________.⑿ I amlooking forward to __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I would like to suggest that …/ I am writing with my suggestion that…
⑵ You have asked me for my advice with regard to …and I will try to make some conducive suggestions.⑶ If I were you, I would…
⑷ As you may agree that...⑸ I hope you will find these suggestions helpful/ practical/ useful.⑹ I hope you will take my suggestions into consideration.⑺ I would be happy to see improvements in this regard.⑻ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.⑵倡議書模板
Date
Dear________,⑴ I am writing this letter to call on ____________to ____________.⑵ As some of you may know,___________.⑶ In fact,___________.⑷It is necessary for us to___________.⑸ On one hand,__________.⑹ On the other hand, ______________.⑺ However,___________________.⑻So it is high
time_____________________.⑼ Firstly, ________________.⑽Secondly, _______________.⑾ If you are willing to ____________, please ______________.⑿ Join us in the action and extend ________into a spirit that dares any possible difficulties.Thank you.⑶求職信模板
Date
Dear_______,⑴ I am applying for the position of _________advertised in _________.⑵ I major in
_____.⑶ My training in ________definitely meet your qualifications.⑷ My complete resume is attached.⑸ I will graduate on____________ from_________.⑹ In addition to the required courses of this program, I have_________.⑺ I also have some experience in ___________.⑻ I believe my training and experience _________________.⑼ You will find me to be ________________⑽ I hope that you will consider me for your position.⑾ May I have a personal interview at your convenience? ⑿ I can be reached by telephone __________.Sincerely yours,Signature
常用句式
⑴ I am writing to apply for the post of …advertised in …
⑵ In reply to your advertisement in…, I beg to apply for the post …in your company.⑶ I feel I have the qualifications and experiences needed for the position of …
⑷ I shall bring with me the full details of my testimonials as you request.⑸ I hope I may be granted an interview when I can explain my qualification more fully.⑹ It seems that my experience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of…in your firm.
第五篇：大學(xué)英語寫作模版
（1）模版一There is no consensus among the people as to the view of(主題).Some people hold the idea that(觀點A).A case in point is that(支持觀點A的例子).On the other hand, others may have a quite different view.According to them,(觀點B).The most typical example is that(支持觀點B的例子).Weighing the pros and cons of these arguments, I am inclined to agree with the latter.Admittedly, the former point of view seems reasonable in saying to some
extent, but the latter is more convincing.2）模版二(主題)is a common occurrence in our lives.The attitudes toward this issue vary from person to person.Some people tend to ______when they are asked(觀點A)because(支持觀點A的原因).The most typical example is that(支持觀點A的例子).However, others argue that(觀點B).They point out that(重申觀點B)for the reason that(支持觀點B的原因).As far as I am concerned, I will choose to(你的觀點)because this choice fits my personality and my life-long belief.2）My View 型（1）模版一 When asked about(主題), some people hold the idea that 觀點A).As far as they are concerned,(展開觀點A).But I could not agree with them in several points.In my opinion,(觀點B).The reasons for my choice are listed as follows.In the first place,(支持觀點B的理由1).In the second place,(支持觀點B的理由2).In the third place,(支持觀點B的理由3).For the reasons mentioned above, I firmly believe(重申觀點B).（2）模版二 Some people believe that(觀點A).For instance, they hold the idea that(支持觀點A的例子).And it may bring them（A帶給他們的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意的理由1).For another,(我不同意的理由2).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, I agree to the thought that(重申自己的觀點).3）利弊型（1）模版一Nowadays many people prefer(主題)because it plays a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.On the one hand,(主題的優(yōu)點1).On the other hand,(主題的優(yōu)點2).But everything can be divided into two.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that(主題的缺點1).To make matters
worse,（主題的缺點2).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative aspects.Whatever effects it has, one thing is certain,(主題)itself is
neither good nor bad.It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value to our society.（2）模版二With the development of science and human civilization, many formerly unimaginable things come into reality.Some of them have positive effects on our life, but some are distasteful.The phenomenon of(主題現(xiàn)象)is an example of the former / latter one.There are many factors that may account for it, and the following are the most conspicuous aspects.To start with,(原因1).Furthermore,(原因2).Eventually,(原因3).Good as(主題現(xiàn)象)is, it has, unfortunately, its disadvantages.The apparent example is that(缺點例子1).In addition,(缺點例子2).On the whole, the phenomenon is one of the results of the progress of the modern society.There is still a long way for us to improve / eliminate(主題現(xiàn)象)and make our life more comfortable.圖表式作文 It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一個原因).More
importantly, …(第二個原因).Most important of all, …(第三個原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for
quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).提綱式作文 1.對立觀點式 Some people are in favor of the idea of doing（X）.They point out the fact that 支持（X）的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持（X）的另一個原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do（X）.They firmly point out that 反對（X）的第一個理由。An eample can give the details of this argument:
There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of（X）overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about,（X）also may（X）的有一個壞處。
2.批駁觀點式Many people argue that 錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個
例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響)。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀
點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。
3.社會問題(現(xiàn)象)式 Nowadays, there exists an increasinglyserious social/economic/ environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common
concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況。(或者是一個例子)。
There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文寫法。
X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。
A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.同上
Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..辯論式議論文模版
模版1Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據(jù)1.More importantly, 論據(jù)2.Most important of all, 論據(jù)3.In summary, 總結(jié)觀點.As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或:From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.模版2People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點1, while others point out that 觀點2.As far as I am concerned, the
former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據(jù)1.For another, 論據(jù)2.Last but not the least, 論據(jù)3.To conclude, 總結(jié)觀點.As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.模版3There is no consensus of opinions among people about X(爭論的焦點)。Some people are of the view that 觀點1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據(jù)1。Furthermore, 論據(jù)2。
Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據(jù)3。
A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結(jié)觀點。
As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預(yù)測.(I)說明原因型模塊
Currently, XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX
It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint, I think(7).注釋: 1:XX的第一個優(yōu)點 2:支持XX的做法 3:不支持XX的做法
4:XX的第二個優(yōu)點 5:舉例證明優(yōu)點二 6:說明XX優(yōu)點三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文:The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your
enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that
(self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You don't have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint, I think(he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).(I)說明原因型模塊(2)
In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all,(3).Then, there comes a case that(4).Moreover,(5).Especially when(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind
people that(7).In this way, we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all,(with so many programs to choose from,children are not getting as much exercise as they should).Then, there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school).Moreover,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what
programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.Nowadays, there are more and more [某種現(xiàn)象] in [某種場合].It is estimated that [相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)].Why have there been so many [某種現(xiàn)象]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [原因一].Besides, [原因二].The third one is [原因三].To sum up, the main cause of [某種現(xiàn)象] is due to [最主要原因].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [解決辦法一].On the other hand, [解決辦法二].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [某種現(xiàn)象].為便于讀者理解，我特意用這個模板，寫了一篇關(guān)于ghost writer(捉刀代筆的槍手)的示范性小作文，請您觀摩一下。
Nowadays, there are more and more [ghost writers / 槍手] in [China's examinations / 中國的考場].It is estimated that [5％ examinees are ghost writers / 5％的應(yīng)試者是槍手].Why have there been so many [ghost writers / 槍手]? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is [hirers' ignorance / 雇主無知].Besides,[hirers' indolence / 雇主懶惰].The third one is [hirers' obtusity / 雇主遲鈍].To sum up, the main cause of [ghost writers / 槍手] is due to [hirers' low IQ / 雇主智商低].It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing, [flagellation / 鞭打].On the other hand, [decapitation / 斬首].All these measures will certainly reduce the number of [ghost writers / 槍手].（I）說明原因型
模塊
（一）Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities.It is estimated that(1).Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(2).Besides,(3).The third reason is(4).To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to(5).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing ,(6).On the other hand ,(7).All these measures will certainly reduce the
number of XX.Generation gap between parents and children
Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and
children which is so-called generation gap.It is estimated that(75 percentages of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children
usually think their parents too old fashioned).Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?
Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.The first one is that(the two generations,having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them).Besides(due to having little in common to
talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face).The third reason is(with the
pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas).To sum
up ,the main cause of XX is due to(lake of communication and understanding each other).It is high time that something were done upon it.For one thing(children should respect their parents).On the other hand ,(parents also should show solicitue for
their children).All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap.（I）說明原因型 模塊（2）In recent years , xx has caused a heated debate on(1).The factors for(2).First of all ,(3).Then , there comes a case that(4).Moreover ,(5).Especiallywhen(6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected theo remindpeople that(7).In this way ,we should behave just like(8).The impact of Television
In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels.It has
caused a heated debate on(the impact of television on children).Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.The factors for(parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much
exercise as they should).Then , there comes a case that(some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their
ability to achieve in school).Moreover ,(the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies).Especially when(the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that(they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their children's TV
viewing).In this way ,children will not be influented too deeply.（I）說明原因型 模塊（3）
Currently,XX has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuable than XX.It is clear that(1).If you(2), as a result , your dreams will come true.On the contrary, if you(3).Failure will be following with you.It turns out that all your
plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(4).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know(5).It will exert a profound influence upon
(6).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(7).注釋：： XX的第一個優(yōu)點 2： 支持XX的做法 3：不支持XX的做法 4：XX的第二個優(yōu)點
5：舉例證明優(yōu)點二6：說明XX優(yōu)點三的影響第三天我寫的相應(yīng)作文：
The importance of self-confidence
Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day.This does demonstrate the theory---nothing is more valuablethan self-confidence.It is clear that(self-confidence means trust in one's abilities).If you(are full of self-confidence ,it will bring your creative power
to play , arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome
difficulties), as a result , your dreams willcome true.On the contrary,if you(have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that
you would ever achieve anything).Failure will be following with you。
It turns out that all your plan falls through.No one can deny another fact that(self-confidence gives you light
when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You donn't have to look very far to find out the truth , in respect
that we all know(the secret of MMe.Curie lies in preserverence and
self-confidence, the latter in particular).It will exert a profound
influence upon(the achievement of one's ambitions).With reference to my standpoint ,I think(he that can have
self-confidence can have what he will).綜合運用篇
Along with the advance of the society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that....隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，出現(xiàn)了越來越多的問題，其中之一便是____________。
As to whether it is a blessing or a curse, however, people take different attitudes.然而，對于此類問題，人們持不同的看法。(Hold different attitudes 持不同的看;Come up with different attitudes 有不同的看法)
As society develops, people are attaching much importance to....隨著社會的發(fā)展，人們開始關(guān)注.....As to whether it is worthwhile....., there is a long-running controversial debate.It is quite natural that people from different backgrounds may have divergent attitudes towards it.關(guān)于是否值得________的問題，一直以來爭論不休。當(dāng)然，不同的人對此可能持不同的觀點。
Recently the phenomenon has aroused wide concern, some people are in alarm that....最近，這種現(xiàn)象引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注，有人開始擔(dān)心______________。
展現(xiàn)問題篇
Recently the issue of whether or not...has been in the limelight and has aroused wide concern in the public.近來，是否_______的問題已經(jīng)非常明確而且引起了社會的廣泛關(guān)注。
The issue whether it is good or not to....has aroused a heated discussion all over the country.______的利與弊已在全國范圍內(nèi)引起熱烈的討論。
At present, some people think....while others claim...Both sides have their merits.目前，一些人認(rèn)為_______而另一些人則認(rèn)為_______。其實，兩種觀點都其可取之處。
People rarely reach an absolute consensus on such a controversial issue.對于這種極具爭議的話題，我們很難作出絕對的回答。
People from different backgrounds would put different interpretations on the same case.不同行業(yè)的人對同一種問題的解釋不盡相同。
The controversial issue is often brought into public focus.People from different backgrounds hold different attitudes towards the issue.這中極具爭議性的話題往往很受社會的關(guān)注。不同的人對此問題的看法也不盡相同。
When asked..., some people think.....while some prefer...說到___，有人認(rèn)為____，而另一些人則認(rèn)為___。
There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of..There who criticize...argue that..., they believe that...,but people who favor.., on the other hand, argue that...目前，___問題爭議較大。批判_______的人認(rèn)為___，他們認(rèn)為____，不過，另一方面，贊同__的人則認(rèn)為___。
1、常用與開頭的短語、句式
（1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。
（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …
（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).（5）Nowadays ,a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China.some people believe that …,whereas others argue that…
（6）There are some reasons for owning(private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,…Next,…Last,…There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,…Second,…Finally,…
（7）There are many advantages and disadvantages in(owning a car).（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ,… On the other hand,…
（10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors…
（11）The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products)are…
2．常用于結(jié)尾的短語、句式
（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to。。
（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is。。
（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4）In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to。。
（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6）It is time for us to take an active part in。。
（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
1．表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious． 4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．
6）We have good reason to believe that．．．
例： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
2．表示好處1）It has the following advantages．2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us．
5）It is of great benefit to us．
例： Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示壞處1）It has more disadvantages than advantages． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmfulto us．
例： However，everything dividesinto two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching televi-sion．
4．表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth． 2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life．
例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties． 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth． 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．
例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示變化1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications． 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例： Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
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