第一篇：英文感謝信寫作規(guī)范
與英美人士打交道，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們在許多場合都會寫感謝信。當他們收到朋友饋贈的禮物，或在困難時得到別人的幫助，或出去旅行受到盛情款待，除了當面致謝，他們還會寫信以表謝意。
感謝信并無固定的格式，但是一定要提及感謝的具體原因和內(nèi)容。不要千謝萬謝，結(jié)果連感謝的理由都沒寫出來。如果收到的禮物是相冊，你可以提及你不久前拍了一組照片，收到相冊真是太及時了；住院時收到鮮花，可以說每天看著鮮花，神清氣爽，心情頓時變得愉悅起來。過去，感謝信一般由當事人親筆寫在信紙或卡片上，然后通過傳統(tǒng)郵政服務（因其既花錢又費時，常被稱做snail mail，“蝸牛信件”）。現(xiàn)在，隨著電子郵件的普及，它已迅速取代傳統(tǒng)的書信和卡片。
第二篇：英語寫作指導 英文感謝信（推薦）
? ? ? ? 如何寫感謝信
Thankyou letter 寫作感謝信時，一定要言語真切，切忌夸夸其談，華而不實。否則只會令人反感。此外，感謝信一定要寫得及時，讓對方感受到你的感激之情。
開頭段表明寫作意圖，向?qū)Ψ奖硎菊\摯的謝意。I am writing to express my thanks to you for …
主體段高度評價對方的幫助，列舉為何對對方心存感激。一定要提及感謝的具體原因及內(nèi)容。千萬不要只是一味地感謝，而不道明需要感謝的理由。還可簡明扼要地說明對方提供的幫助對你所起到的作用。或是從另外一個方面，如果沒有別人的幫助會怎么樣 if there was not you help …
結(jié)尾段再次表達謝意，表達自己希望回報的意圖，并向?qū)Ψ剿蜕狭己米Ｔ浮?/p>
實用例句
1.Thank you for all your kindness and support during my trip/.journey 感謝您在我旅行期間對我的關照。
2.It was indeed a pleasure to have dinner with you.（確實 實在是）與您一起共進晚餐著實是我的榮幸。Deed 行為 作為 3.Many thanks for your warm hospitality.非常感謝您的盛情款待。
4.I’d like to thank you for the wonderful dinner you gave us today.非常感謝你今天以豐盛的晚餐款待我們。
5.Thank you for your kind cooperation during these years.感謝您在這些年里的友好合作。
6.I hope we will have a chance/opportunity for further cooperation.希望我們有機會展開更深入的合作。
實用例句
7.I really don’t know how I can thank you enough.我真不知該怎樣感謝你。
8.Thank you very much from the bottom of my heart.從心底 我由衷地感激您。
9.If I can in any way return the favor, it will give me great pleasure to do so.如果我能做點什么來報答您的話，我非常樂意。
10.Thank you for the present.It’s just what I wanted.謝謝您的禮物，這正是我想要的。
11.I don’t know how to thank you for such a beautiful flower.真不知道要如何謝謝你送我這么漂亮的花。
12.Thank you for your help, I’ll definitely do something in return.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
? 謝謝你的幫忙，我一定會回報您的。
My sense of appreciate is beyond my word.我對你的感激超出語言所能表達 Ican’t express my thanks too much.再怎么感謝你也不為過 My appreciate is more than I can say.It would be much harder without your general help.如果不是你無私的幫助這件事會困難的多 I am excited to find that there live a potential about our further cooperation.
第三篇：英文感謝信寫作范例
Hi, everyone
I'd like to thank each of you for making my birthday a great day(1).It felt really festive(2)to be surrounded by all of the decorations(3)all day!In fact, if you haven't noticed, I'm reluctant(4)to take them down.Also, your gift certificate(5)to the Real Seafood Restaurant was very generous(6)and I can assure you I will put it to good use!
Thanks so much!(7)
John
(1)英文信函的習慣是開門見山，段落的第一個句子常常是該段落的主題句(topic sentence)，“I'd like to thank each of you for making my birthday a great day”很清楚地表達了寫信的目的。類似的主題句還有:“Thank you for spending so much time with me during my visit to your headquarters on Monday.”和“Leon and I are so grateful for your kindness during our stay in your house last week.”
(2)festive：過節(jié)似的、喜慶的、歡樂的(3)decorations:此處指表示喜慶的裝飾物，如氣球、彩條，表示幽默的漫畫等。
(4)be reluctant to: 不情愿的，舍不得的(5)gift certificate：禮券
(6)generous: 豐厚的、豐盛的、大方的(7)結(jié)尾時可以再次向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x。類似的句子還有：Thank you again for your time.Thank you again for your generosity.
第四篇：英文信函寫作格式與規(guī)范
英文信函寫作格式與規(guī)范
英文信函寫作格式與規(guī)范
2.dateline
中文書信的日期寫于落款之后，而英文信函的日期位于信端之下，信內(nèi)地址之上。根據(jù)英美不同的習慣，日期可有兩種寫法。如2003年5月20日可寫作： May 2003（英式寫法）
May 20, 2003, 或May 20th, 2003（美式寫法）
注意：月份應用英文寫出，不以阿拉伯數(shù)字代替，因此，上例日期不可寫成2003，5，20。此外，美式英語要求月份與年份之間用逗號隔開，但英式寫法在月份與年份之間一般無逗號。
(4)稱呼(Salutation)
稱呼自成一行,從信紙的左邊頂格寫起。通用的稱呼是“Dear?”，其后接逗號。采用何種稱呼應根據(jù)寫信人與對方的關系及認識的親疏程度。① 一般性的稱呼有：
Dear Mr.?，（用于男士）
Dear Mrs.?，（用于已婚婦女）
Dear Ms.?，（用于女士，已婚未婚均可，尤用于對婚姻狀況不確定者）Dear Miss ?，（用于未婚女士）
“Mr.”，“Mrs.”，及“Ms.”之后可加縮約號“.”，也可不加；但“Miss”之后概不加標點。“Dear”之后接收信人的姓氏，如“Dear Mr.Smith，” 注意：不寫成：“Dear Mr.John，” 亦不寫成：“Dear Mr.John Smith，”
習慣用法是：“Dear John，”或“Dear Mr.Smith，”
② 較正式、尊重的稱呼也可采用頭銜或職務，如“Dear Prof.Smith，”“Dear Dr.Smith，”等。③ 在收信人為不知名者的公務信函中，稱呼可用： Dear Sirs，（當收信對方為單位/公司，而非某人時）Dear Sir，（當收信對方為不認識的男士時）
Dear Sir/Madam，（當收信對方為性別不明的陌生人時）
Gentlemen，（只用復數(shù)形式，且之前不加“”，屬美式英語用法）
④ 稱呼偶爾也用“Messrs.”，表示收信人為兩位或多位男士（如 Messrs.J.Smith & R.White），但在更常的情況下表示收信對方是以人名命名的公司。
⑤ 收信人為熟友，可直稱其名，如：“Dear Mary，”，“ My dear John，”??等。
(5)信的正文(Body of Letter)
正文是信的主體，一般由開場白—主體段—結(jié)束句/段組成。
在開場白中，應該直截了當?shù)年愂鰧懶诺哪康模菏侵轮x？道歉？祝福？咨詢？建議？批評？請 求？??。這與中文書信的習慣不同。在中文信中，我們常用諸如“你好！”，“近況如何？”等客套話開頭。在寫英文信時，應避免受此影響。切記不要把最重要、最醒目的第一句或第一段浪費在諸如“How do you do？”，“How are you？”等無關緊要的詞句上。
信的主體部分可根據(jù)需要，分段敘述。表達應做到準確、簡要、得體。準確指的是內(nèi)容（包括數(shù)字、人名等細節(jié)）準確無誤；簡要首先應避免使用老式八股套話（諸如“I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter.”等）；得體指的是表達符合英文習慣，措詞與語氣適合通信雙方的親疏關系。如公文信函做到語氣禮貌但不謙卑，直接但不粗魯，簡潔但不唐突。
(6)結(jié)束敬語(Complimentary Close)
結(jié)束敬語是寫信人對收信人的一種謙稱，最通常用的結(jié)束敬語是： ① Yours faithfully，（英式用法）
Faithfully yours，Truly yours,（美式用法）（用于收信人為陌生人的正式公務信，對應于稱呼用“Dear Sirs”，“Dear Sir”，“Dear Sir or Madam”，的正式信函。）
② Yours sincerely，（英式用法）Sincerely yours，（美式用法）
（用于稱呼為“Dear + 姓氏”的正式或非正式書信。）結(jié)束敬語第一個詞的開頭字母要大寫，末尾用逗號。
應該避免使用諸如“We remain yours faithfully”，“Respectfully yours”，等老式結(jié)束敬語。
(7)簽署(Signature)
簽署是寫信人自己的簽名。署名不加頭銜，即不在自己的名字前加“Miss”、“Mr.”、“Prof.”之類的頭銜。若因業(yè)務需要，必須讓對方了解自己的性別或職務，可在簽名下行用括號標明，如： Yours faithfully, Yours faithfully, ____________ 或 __________________
Leslie Archer(Ms.)Wang Wei(Sales Manager)(Managing Director)即使是打印的正式信函，簽名也應用手寫，之后再于手寫的簽署下面打印姓名。
代表某人簽名應該在自己的簽署下行寫下所代表的人名，之前加“pp.”（即拉丁語per pro的縮略形式，表示“for and on behalf of”），如： Yours faithfully,----------------Sophie Lee pp.Bob Taylor(The Managing Director)（即代表總經(jīng)理簽名之意）
(8)附件(Enclosure)
如果信中已說明有附件隨信寄去，也要在信箋的左下角注明，便于收信人查閱。如果附件不止一個，應寫上幾個附件和是什么附件。附件英文可縮寫為Encl.，Enc，或Encls。例如： Encl: Doctor’s Certificate(附：醫(yī)生證明一張)Encls（或Enclosures）：4 Invoices(附：發(fā)票四張)
HEADING（信端）DATE（日期）
INSIDE ADDRESS（信內(nèi)地址）???????? ???????? SALUTATION（稱呼）
BODY OF LETTER（信的正文）
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING（結(jié)束敬語）
SIGNATURE（簽署）
ENCL(S):（附件）(or P.S.)（或附言）
下面是日常生活中常用的幾種專用信件實例。
A.推薦信(Letter of Recommendation)Sample 1
P.O.Box 3567 Nanjing University P.R.China 30 August 2003 Professor Ellis Browning Department of English Literature University of Cambridge
Dear Prof.Browning，I have the pleasure of introducing to you Ms Hong Feng, the bearer of this letter, who is a former student of mine in Nanjing University.Ms Hong was a top student in our department, where she spent four years for her first degree in Modern English Language Studies, followed by three years of graduate study in the 20th Century English Novels.She has special in demonstration of her gift and creativity.She has now been accepted by Cambridge where she will spend 3 years working on her doctoral degree.Ms Hong has always been a delight to teach.In addition to her academic talent, she is pleasant, amiable and understanding.I have no doubt that you will enjoy being her teacher as well as her friend.I should be very much obliged if you can help her settle in and also give her necessary guidance in regard to her course work.Yours sincerely，F(xiàn)an Wen
Sample 2
Xiaxin Foreign Trade Co.Ltd.23 Nanhua Road, Xiamen May 1998
To whom it may concern，This is to introduce Mr.Chen Taiping, the bearer of this letter, who is the Marketing Manager of our Company.Mr.Chen Taiping has been assigned to do a marking research around the Country.We should esteem it a great favour if you would afford him the necessary information.Yours faithfully，Li Ling General Manager
B.感謝信(Letter of Expressing Gratitude)June 12, 2003 Dear Dr.Smith, I would like to thank you for allowing me to observe classes as a visiting scholar from China in your nice department with so many talented and productive professors.My one year stay in your country will come to an end, and I’m very happy to say that I’ve enjoyed my time here.I really like your department and your faculty and staff members who are so kind, helpful, and pleasant to get acquainted with, to learn from, and to cooperate with.Your university is an ideal one to visit, to learn from and to do research in.During my one year stay here, I have studied several courses offered by your professors from whom I have learned a lot from their excellent class instruction.I feel I should say much more, but the language fails me at this point.Your department and your colleagues have given me a host of opportunities, so much pleasure, and good friends, and countless precious memories for which I am truly grateful.Thank you a million times for the good that you and your friends have done for me.I will always remember you and your friendship.May health, happiness, and progress be yours.Yours sincerely, Wang Xin
C.祝賀信(Letter of Congratulation)CHINA SOUTHWEST AIRLINES(CSWA)Xiamen Office
Address: Wenbin Villa, 68 Mid-Hubin Road, Xiamen Tel: 9008000 Fax: 606494 6 December 1994
Lucas TAECO Aerospace(Xiamen)Co.Ltd.20 Diliao Road, Gaoqi International Airport Xiamen, 3610006
Dear Sirs，Please accept our most sincere congratulations on the new joint venture you have recently established in Xiamen.The British Lucas Aerospace corporation is a well-known international enterprise with an excellent reputation worldwide.We believe that the establishment of the Xiamen Lucas, following Lucas-Sydney and Lucas-Singapore, will inevitably make a tremendous contribution to the development of the aviation industry in Xiamen.May we have friendly cooperation in the future!
Wishing you continuous success with the joint venture!
Yours sincerely，Lin Chun Manager
D.邀請信(Letter of Invitation)19th Oct., 1999
Dear Susan, I hope that you and your husband haven’t any plan for the weekend on Oct.28th, as we would like you to spend it with us at our home in the countryside.I am sure your husband can find some real fish here in the river, for it’s the best season for fishing.So bring your fishing clothes.And also bring your golf club, as we can also play golf here for there is a world-class golf court near.We hope that nothing will prevent you from coming, as we’re looking forward to your visit.Be sure to let us know what train you are to take so that we can meet you at the station.Cordially yours，Kitty White
E.申請信(Letter of Application)Harbin Electric Motors Factory 412 Qianjin Road Harbin, Heilongjiang The People’s Republic of China March 22, 1998 Mr.Herbert E.Beck, Jr.General Manager Standard Motors Corporation 4528 Southland Ave.Chatanooga, Tennessee 47115 U.S.A.Dear Mr.Beck, The reputation and growth of Standard Motors Corporation ahs led me to write this letter.I’m interested in a management trainee position in your corporation.Currently, I’m the assistant director of Harbin Electric Motors Factory in charge of testing and quality control.I have been granted a leave of one year to learn the advanced managerial skills and develop business contacts in the United States.As a trainee, I do not require a salary, but would appreciate if your can provide me with a stipend enough to support myself during the year.The Chinese government will pay all my travel expenses.In the past two years, I have read much about your corporation and its excellent management.To join you and work with you would be a great opportunity for me.Enclosed please find my resume and two letters of recommendation.If further information is needed, please let me know.Thank you very much for your consideration.Sincerely, Wu Shunxiang
英語書信寫作句式與套話 常用的起首語有：
1）Thank you for your letter dated Dec.22,1969.2)Many thanks for your letter of Sept.5，1997.3)A thousand thanks for your kind letter of June 5,1997.4)Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.5)Your letter which arrived this morning gave me great comfort.6)In reply to your letter dated 4th July,I want to say?
7)Thank you very much for your letter of August 2 and the gift you sent me on Christmas Eve.8)What a treat to receive your kind letter of May 5th!
9)It is always a thrill to see your nice handwriting.10)First of all I must thank you for your kind assistance and high attention to me.11)With great delight I learn from your letter of this Sunday that ?
14)I am very much pleased to inform you that my visit to your country has been approved.15)I wish to apply for teaching position you are offering.16)I am too excited and delighted at your good news.17)I am very obliged to you for your warm congratulations.?
常用的結(jié)束語有：
1）Awaiting your good news，2)Looking forward to your early reply，3)Hoping to hear from you soon，4)We await your good news.5)I hope to hear from you very soon.6)We look forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.7)I look forward to our next meeting there in Los Angeles.8)Your early reply will be highly appreciated.9)Any other particulars wanted we shall be pleased to send you.10)The help you give me is sincerely valued.11)I hope everything will be well with you.12)Please let us know if you want more information.13)I hope you always enjoy yourself.14)I wish you very success in the coming year.15)Please remember me to your family.16)With best regards to your family.17)All the best.18)With love and good wishes.1、投訴信
開頭: I am writing to inform you that I am dissatisfied（不滿意）with your ? 結(jié)尾: I understand you will give immediate attention to（馬上關注）this matter.I would like to have this matter settled by the end of ?
2、詢問信 開頭: I would be most grateful（感激的）if you could send me information regarding/concerning（關于）?
I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding ? 結(jié)尾: Your prompt（立刻的）attention to this letter would be highly appreciated（感激）.I am looking forward to hearing from you.3、請求信
開頭: I am writing to seek for your assistance（幫助）in ?
結(jié)尾: I would like to thank you for your generous（慷慨的）help in this matter.4、道歉信
開頭: I am writing to apologize（道歉）for ? I am writing to say sorry for ?
結(jié)尾: I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies（道歉）.5、感謝信
開頭: I would like to convey（表達）in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for ? 結(jié)尾: I must thank you again for your generous help.6、建議信
開頭: I am writing to express my views concerning（關于）?
You have asked me for my advice with regard to ? and I will try to make some conducive可行性的suggestions.表達建議常用句式和套話
I feel that it would be beneficial（有益處的）if ? I would like to suggest that ?
You may consider doing ?
結(jié)尾: I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details.7、求職信 開頭: I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for a waitress ? I am writing to apply for the position of the sales manager advertised in China Daily yesterday.結(jié)尾: I believe I have the qualifications（資格）and experience for this post（職位）, and am therefore enclosing my resume.Thank you for considering my application and I am glad to be called at any time for an interview.If you need to know more about me, please contact me at ?
8、推薦信
開頭: I would like to present（人名）? for your consideration in your search for a qualified manager.悉聞貴處欲招聘有能力的經(jīng)理，謹向您推薦某某。
With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend（人名）? as an ideal candidate.參照您提出的要求，我誠心地推薦某某作為理想的候選人。
結(jié)尾: Therefore, I don’t hesitate to recommend（人名）? as the right person for your consideration.在此，向您推薦一位合適人選。
Any favorable consideration to this letter would be considered a personal favor.如對此信稍加關注，則本人不勝感激。
9、尋找失物信
開頭: I am writing this letter to see if it is possible for me to have my camera back.結(jié)尾: I would really appreciate（感激）it if you could ?
10、邀請信
開頭: I am writing to invite you to ? I wonder if you could come ?
A ?will be held in ? and I would like to take this opportunity（借此機會）to invite you to ?
結(jié)尾: My family and I would feel honored（榮幸的）if you could come.We would be looking forward to your participation（參加）in the party.Please le us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.I really hope you can accept our warm welcome and sincere invitation.書信樣文
邀請信 ：1．邀請的原因 2。具體時間、地點、活動 3。確認對方來否 Dear Professor Coster: All our English teachers who have attended your lecture on British Literature（英國文學）are deeply impressed by your thorough knowledge（淵博的知識）and profound understanding（深刻的見解）of the subject.We would like to know if you could come, as our guest of honor（貴賓）, to the National Seminar（研討會）on Shakespeare which is to be held on our campus between October 11 and 17, and deliver a speech（發(fā)表演講）on whatever subject that interests you.I can assure（向。。保證）you that we’ll make everything convenient to the speaker.Please let us know as soon as possible if you can come and tell us when you can make the trip.Sincerely yours, Wu Zheren Chairman English Department Dear Jean, Thanks so much for your letter, which arrived yesterday.I’m very happy to hear that you’re coming to New Haven this summer.You say that your English course at Yale（耶魯大學）lasts five weeks, but you’ll be on holiday so I hope you’ll be able to come and see us.We have a spare room（空房間）, so there’s no problem about putting you up（供某人住宿）, and you’re welcome to stay for as long as you like.We’re not going away this summer, so there’s no problem about arranging dates.Please write soon and tell me if you can come.My best wishes to your parents.My parents send their kindest regards.Love, Helen Dear sir or madam: We would like to invite you to the presentation（展示會）of our new product.The presentation will take place at Hilton Hotel, from 9 o’clock a.m.to 5 o’clock p.m.on July 3rd, 2004.There will also be a reception（招待會）at 12 a.m.We hope you and your colleagues（同事）will be able to attend.The Clinton Company is a leading producer of high quality.As you well know, recent technological advances（進步）have made increasingly affordable to the public.Our new m odels offer superb quality and sophistication（高級）with economy, and their new features give them distinct advantages over similar products from other manufacturers.We look forward to seeing you on that day.Just call our office at 0126-89853 and we will be glad to secure a place for you.Sincerely yours, Julie Smith President of Clinton Company 申請信 ：1．申請目標 2。個人情況及申請原因 3。希望對方盡快答復 Dear Sir or Madam: I would like to be considered as a candidate for(I’m writing to apply for)the assistant computer programmer position advertised in The Daily News on June 28, 2005.I am presently finishing my degree in Computer Science at Peking University.I have taken every computer course offered at the university and have a good background in many computer languages.For the past two years I have worked part-time at a computer shop, where I have gained experience in sales and computer programming.I have enclosed a copy of my resume to give you further information about my experience.I can come for an interview at your convenience.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely, Tina Cope Dear Sir: I would like to apply for admission to Harvard University for a degree in law starting next September.I received a B.S.degree（理學士）in business from Shandong University in May of 2004.Since then, I have been working for legal services in Jinan.I’m very interested in Harvard University because of its concern for overseas students and its good programs in legal training.Please send me the appropriate application forms and any information you have about the undergraduate law program.I will also need to know the necessary information about TOEFL requirements because English is not my native language.I look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely, Hasan Halkali 感謝信 ：1．表示感謝。2。詳細寫對方為你做的事情，并且說明它對你意味著什么。3。希望今后能回報。Dear Daniel: Thank you very much for the wonderful holiday vacation I spent with you and your family.Your mother is such a terrific cook!I think I must have gained 10 pounds in just a week I spent with you.I really appreciate your taking time off from work to take me around and show me so many places.You are lucky to live in such an interesting area.I hope that soon you will be able to visit my part of the country.Thank you again for a wonderful time.Let's keep in touch.Best regards, Matthew Dear Anna, Just a few line to say how much I enjoyed last weekend.You are a wonderful host, and it was so nice to get away from the office.It was a good idea to invite three friends of yours who had never met before.Even though we took a little while to get used to one another, I thought we all got on well together.Wendy called me to ask me if I’d lie to go to the cinema with her later this week.We found we had so much in common, including a love of good films, so thanks to you I’ve found a new friend in Chicago.Thanks once again, and please let me know when you’re next going to be in Chicago.I’d be happy to put you up.Love Alice Dear Penny and Brain, Thank you for having me for the weekend.I had great time, especially at the dinner party Saturday night.I also enjoyed the tour in town on Sunday and our visit to the Museum of Modern Art.Our walk around the lake at sundown was the perfect end to a great day.I hope you’ll come to visit me soon.There’s a lot to do here, too, and I’ll plan a big weekend.There’s a wonderful museum with a large collection of Chinese art that I’m sure you’ll find interesting.Didn’t you say you were free in October? Why don’t you come then? Thanks again Bill
道歉信 ：1．道歉2。解釋事情經(jīng)過及原因 3。希望彌補過失 Dear Frank, I’m terribly sorry that I didn’t arrive in London last Friday.I hope this did not mess you up completely, although I know that you had already made some special arrangements for my visit with your parents and friends.I’m very sorry about all that.I’m sure you’ll be sympathetic（同情的）, however, when I tell you that my father is dangerously ill in a hospital, and that I found it impossible to leave Boston when he is in this state.I apologize again and promise I will go to London hopefully sometime next week, when my father is better.Sincerely, David
祝賀信 ：1．表示祝賀 2。夸對方才能 3。祝福更大成功 Dear Carl, Heartiest congratulations on your promotion to Director of Sales.When I heard the good news from Jack, I just wanted to say what a perfect choice has been made, for if ever there is a man with the interests of this department as heart, it is you.I know what this promotion means to you, and how hard you’ve worked for it.I’m sure the real satisfaction comes from the fact that your efforts have been appreciated.May you have a free hand to accomplish your plans and to use some of your excellent ideas.Best wishes, Kevin Dear Curtis: I was delighted to see the September issue of New Image that you have been named president of the A&B company.Congratulations on the excellent work you have done for the company.This pleases me for two reasons: first, because I think you will bring strong leadership to that important organization, and second, because the honor was bestowed on a long-time friend and customer.I extend hearty good wishes and, at the same time, an offer of any help our company can give to your organization.We’re behind you all the way!Sincerely yours, Stephen
投訴信 ：1．陳述問題2。闡明你的看法3。提出辦法。4。等候答復。Dear Sir, Through this letter I would like to bring to your notice the inconvenience（不方便）that I am facing due to disorders of the telephone installed（安裝）in my home.The telephone was installed in March and since then I am facing regular problems.It goes out of order almost every day or wrong numbers get connected.During the last six months I have made many complaints（投訴）to your company both in writing and on telephone.Mechanics form your company attended to（關注）the problem twice but the problem persists.I shall be grateful if you would kindly send some of your senior officers to look into my complaint to have the telephone repaired to satisfaction or get it replaced.An early action will be greatly appreciated.13 Yours faithfully, Shallot Steward Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to you to complain of the Salmon Chemical Works, which seriously pollutes the city environment.The major problems are as follows.In the first place,? Secondly, ? Finally, ? As a result, ?
I think several urgent measures should be taken to solve the problems.On the one hand, ? On the other hand, ?
It is my sincere hope that the pollution problems caused by the works will be looked into thoroughly and solved as soon as possible.I’m looking forward to your early reply.Thanks.Yours truly，Wang Ming 指路 ：1．提出指路原因 2。詳細介紹路徑，寫出路途遠近及花費時間 3。確信對方一定可以找到。Dear Frank, I’m so glad you can come to stay with me for a week.Because I have an important meeting Wednesday afternoon, I can’t pick you up at the railway station.Here is how you can find my flat.First, after you get out of the railway station, go straight ahead on Jeifang Road till you come to the first red light.Then turn right on Weigong Road, and you can see a bus stop on your right.Take a bus No.8 to Linin Road.When the bus comes to Jianshe Road, get ready to get off, because your stop is next.After you get off at Lixin, walk to August Street and turn left.My flat is about 200 meters down the street, and it is in a white building on you left.I’m in Rom 306, on the third floor.I’m sure you can easily find you way here to my flat.Yours Diana 通知 ：1。時間、地點、時間、參加人員 2。注意事項 Notice An evening party will be held by the trade union in the conference hall on Friday, October 15.The party will start at 7 p.m.and all staff members are welcome.It’s a nice opportunity for you to get to know and make friends with more colleagues from other departments.And it’s a Friday evening, the best time to relax after a week’s hard work.Guess what? The general manager, Mr.Frank Smith, will personally come to the party and make a speech!If we’re lucky, we may get him to do karaoke with us.So come to join us and have fun.October 13 Trade Union 謝絕 ：1．感謝對方的善意 2。表示抱歉，講明原因 3。再次表示抱歉 Dear Tracy, It was very kind of your parents to invite Tim and me to your wedding.Unfortunately, we won’t be able to come, and I have written to the, expressing our regret, but I felt that I had to write to you personally to say how sorry we are that we can’t make it.The trouble is that the last two weeks in August are the only ones when Tim and I can both get away from work together, so we booked our holiday to Europe, and there’s no way we can change it.It’s such a pity, because I was looking forward very much to seeing you married.Naturally, we’ll be thinking of you on the day.We wish you all the best for the future.We’re sure that you’ll be happy.Our kindest regards.Love Beth 預定
Dear Sir or Madam: Your hotel has been highly recommended by a friend who stayed there a few weeks ago.I will be arriving in Paris at 6:30 p.m.on Thursday, June 27, accompanied by two friends.We wish to stay in Paris for 3 nights, from June 27 to June 29.Please let me know if a single room and a double room are available for this period, and what the charges would be.I also understand that your hotel arranges local tours;I would appreciate it if you could send me the details.I hope to hear from you soon.Sincerely, Lily Keen 個人簡歷
Room 212 Building 343 Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084(010)62771234 Email:good@tsinghua.edu.com Zheng Yan Objective To obtain a challenging position as a software engineer with an emphasis in software design and development.Education 1997.9-2000.6 Dept.of Automation,Graduate School of Tsinghua University, M.E.1993.9-1997.7 Dept.of Automation,Beijing Insititute of Technology,B.E.Academic Main Courses Mathematics Advanced Mathematics Probability and Statistics Linear Algebra Engineering Mathematics Numerical Algorithm Operational Algorithm Functional Analysis Linear and Nonlinear Programming Electronics and Computer Circuit Principal Data Structures Digital Electronics Artificial Intelligence Computer Local Area Network Computer Abilitees Skilled in use of MS Frontpage, Win 95/NT, Sun, Javabeans, HTML, CGI, JavaScript, Perl, Visual Interdev, Distributed Objects, CORBA, C, C , Project 98, Office 97, Rational RequisitePro, Process,Pascal, PL/I and SQL software English Skills Have a good command of both spoken and written English.Past CET-6, TOEFL:623;GRE: 2213 Scholarships and Awards ? 1999.3 Guanghua First-class Scholarship for graduate ? 1998.11 Metal Machining Practice Award ? 1997.4 Academic Progress Award Qualifications ? General business knowledge relating to financial, healthcare ? Have a passion for the Internet, and an abundance of common sense
第五篇：英文寫作規(guī)范English WRITING GUIDE
英文寫作規(guī)范
English WRITING GUIDE
公司辦公室
CORPORATE OFFICE
Contents
目錄
I.Ramu Related Proper Nouns.4
A.PNGGovernment Sections.4
B.SomeGovernment Positions.5
C.PNG Laws.6
D.ProjectRelated Documents.7
E.Project andCompanies.7
F.LOA..8
G.Ramu NiCoManagement Positions.8
H.Ramu NiCoDivisions.9
a)Reguions.9
b)Departments 9
(c)Sections/plants.10
I.Others: 12
II.Grammar 12
1.Articles.12
A.Cases of NoArticles before Nouns.12
B.DefiniteArticles.14
C.IndefiniteArticles.15
2.NOUNS.16
A.Capitalization.16
B.Single andPlural 17
3.Punctuation.17
A.The comma(,)17
B.TheSemicolon(;)20
C.The Colon(:)21
D.Dash(--): 22
4.Numbers andDate.22
A.Numbers.22
B.Date format 23
C.Time.23
D.SerialNumber 24
III.E-mail Writing.24
1.Style andContent 24
2.Tips onEtiquette.25
IV.Letter Writing.26
1.The Solution.26
2.The Layoutof a Letter 28
3． The content of letters.28
V.Memos and Fax.29
1.Memos.29
2.Fax.29
VI．Revising and proofreading.30
1.Revising.31
2.Editing andProofreading.32
VII.Syntax Points.34
1.Sentence.34
2.Tense.36
A.Visual TenseChart 36
B.Tense ofNews Article Titles.37
VIII.Ramu DocumentFormat 38
Ramu Related Proper NounsNational Executive Council(NEC)國家行政委員會
Legislature 立法機關
Judiciary 司法機關
Executive 行政機關
Provincial Courts省法院
National Courts國家法院
Supreme Court最高法院
Local Land Courts地方土地法院
Provincial Land Courts 省級土地法院
Department of Inter-Government Relations國際政府關系部
Department of Public and State Investment公共企業(yè)及國家投資部
Department of National Planning國家計劃部
Department of Treasury國庫部
Department of Finance財政部
Department of Environment and Conservation環(huán)境部
Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources漁業(yè)和海洋資源部
Department of Public Service公共服務部
Department of Forest and Climate Change林業(yè)和氣候變化部
Department of Petroleum and Energy石油和能源部
Department of Transport交通部
Department of Lands and Physical Planning土地和規(guī)劃部
Department of Mining礦業(yè)部
Mineral Resources Authority（MRA）礦產(chǎn)資源管理局
Department of Works and Implementation工程和執(zhí)行部
Department of Communication and Information Technology通信部
Department of Justice and Attorney-General司法部
Department of Religion, Youth and Community Development宗教、青年和社區(qū)發(fā)展部
Department of Labour and Industrial Relation勞工部
Department of Trade, Commerce and Industry工貿(mào)部
Department of Foreign Affairs and Immigration外交和移民部
Department of Police警察部
Department of Agriculture and Livestock農(nóng)業(yè)部
Department of Health 衛(wèi)生部
PNG Customs Services海關
Land Titles Commission(LTC)土地所有權(quán)委員會
Non Government Organizations(NGOs)非政府組織
PNG Chamber of Mines and Petroleum 巴新礦業(yè)和石油商會
Madang Chamber of Commerce 馬當省商會
中國駐巴新經(jīng)濟商務參贊處(economic and commercial counselor)
Prime Minister 總理
Deputy Prime Minister副總理
Minister 部長
Acting MD – MRA礦業(yè)部常秘
MRA CIM主檢察官
MRA Coordinator礦業(yè)部主管官員
Acting Secretary of DEC環(huán)境部代常秘
Deputy Secretary of DEC環(huán)境部副常秘
Secretary of Labour and Industrial Relations勞工部常秘
Acting Secretary of Foreign Affairs and Trade外交和移民局常秘
Sectary of Justice and Attorney-General 司法部常秘
IRC Commissioner IRC局長
IPA MD IPA局長
Commissioner PNG Customs Services海關關長
PNG Ports Corp Ltd MD
Governor-Bank of PNG巴新央行行長
Formal PM前總理
Formal Governor前省長
PNG Chamber President巴新商會(會長)
Madang Chamber President馬當商會(會長)
ANZ Bank of PNG 巴新ANZ銀行
Westpec Bank PNG LTD Westpec銀行
BSP Bank of PNG 巴新BSP銀行
DWU President DWU校長
Modilon Hospital Modilon醫(yī)院
Governor省長
Deputy Governor副省長
Member of Parliament議員
Administrator行政官
Deputy Administrator副行政官
PNG Constitution 巴新《憲法》
Common Law 《普通法》
Arrest Act 《逮捕法》
Bail Act 《被釋法》
Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act《著作權(quán)和相鄰權(quán)法》
Customs Act 《海關法》
Environment Act 《環(huán)境法》
Land Registration Act 《土地登記法》
Motor Vehicle(Third Party Insurance)Act《機動車條例（第三方保險）》
Trade Marks Act 《商標法》
Workers Compensation Act 《勞工賠償法》
Wrongs(Miscellaneous Provisions)Act 《過錯責任法案》
Companies Act 1997 《公司法（1997）》
Mining Act 1992 《礦業(yè)法1992》
Mining Development Contract 《礦業(yè)開發(fā)合同》
MA Master Agreement 《主協(xié)議》
MoA Memorandum of Agreement 《主協(xié)議備忘錄》
JVA Joint Venture Agreement 《聯(lián)營體協(xié)議》
OEMP Operational Environment Management Plan 《運營環(huán)境管理計劃》
EP Environment Permit 環(huán)境許可
SML Special Mining Lease 特別采礦租約
Exploration licences 探礦許可
Mining Leases 采礦租約
Special Mining Leases 特別采礦租約
Mining Easements 路權(quán)許可
Leases for Mining Purposes 開發(fā)許可
Alluvial Mining Lease 沖積土地采礦租約
Ramu Feasibility Study 瑞木可研報告
Unincorporated Joint Venture非法人聯(lián)營體
China Metallurgical Group Corporation(MCC-Group)中國冶金科工集團公司
Jiuquan Steel Limited(JISCO)酒泉鋼鐵（集團）有限責任公司
Jilin Jien Nickel(Jien Nickel)吉恩鎳業(yè)股份有限公司
Jinchuan Mining Group(JNMC)金川集團有限公司
MCC-JJJ Ltd中冶金吉礦業(yè)開發(fā)公司（中冶金吉礦業(yè)）
Ramu Nickel Project 瑞木鎳鈷項目
Ramu NiCo(MCC)Limited中冶瑞木鎳鈷有限公司
Ramu NiCo Management(MCC)Limited（RNML）
瑞木鎳鈷管理（中冶）有限公司
Highlands Pacific Limited（HPL）高地太平洋公司
Mineral Resources Development Corporation（MRDC）
Mineral Resources Ramu Limited（MRRL）
Mineral Resources Madang Limited（MRML）
Inland Pipeline and Maigari Limited
KBK Limited
Raibus Group of Companies
Raibus Limited(Raibus)
NCS Raibus Branch
Basamuk Enterprise Limited
Raibus Security Limited
Raibus Engineering
MCC19 SJ Company
MCC20 Oriental Star Company
MCC22 JT Company
LOA Land Owner Associations
Kurumbukari Landowner Association
Basamuk Landowner Association
Coastal Pipeline Landowner Association
Inland Pipeline Landowner Association
BOD Board of Directors 董事會
Board Chairperson/Chairman 董事長
President 總經(jīng)理
CTO Chief Technical Officer（公司）技術總監(jiān)
CFO Chief Finance Officer 總會計師
VP Vice President（公司）副總經(jīng)理
COO Assistant 總經(jīng)理助理
Company Secretary 公司秘書
RMW Registered Manager-Works 注冊廠礦經(jīng)理—冶煉廠
RMM Registered Manager-Mine 注冊廠礦經(jīng)理—礦山
GM General Manager（部門）部長
DGM Deputy General Manager（部門）副部長
Manager 經(jīng)理
Superintendent 二級經(jīng)理/作業(yè)區(qū)長
Deputy Superintendent 副作業(yè)區(qū)長
Supervisor 主管
Foreman班長
Engineer工程師
Trainer 培訓師
Coordinator 協(xié)調(diào)員
Staff/Officer 職員
Basamuk Refinery BSK冶煉廠區(qū)域
Kurumbukari Mine KBK礦山區(qū)域
Madang Base Madang 區(qū)域
Production Departments生產(chǎn)部門:
Kurumbukari Mine Site(KBK)礦山部
Basamuk Refinery Plant(BSK)冶煉廠
Service Departments職能部門:
Corporate Office（CO）公司辦公室
Beijing Branch Office(BJO)北京辦事處
Port Moresby Branch Office(POM)莫爾斯比港辦事處
Brisbane Branch Office(BNE)布里斯班辦事處
Development and Planning Department(DP)發(fā)展規(guī)劃部
Equipment Department(ED)設備部
Technical Modification Department(EM)技術改造部
Accounting and Treasury Department(ATD)財務部
Financing Department（FD）融資部
Contract and Budget Management Department(CB)合同預算部
Procurement and Sales Department(PS)采購銷售部
Audit Department(AD)審計部
Administration Department(AD)行政管理部
Basamuk Administration Department(BAD)Basamuk綜合管理部
Health Safety and Environment Department(HSE)(HSE Corporate)HSE管理部
Human Resource Department(HR)人力資源部
Community Affairs Department(CA)地方關系部
Information and Technology Management Department(ITM)技術信息管理部
Note: Do not use “Dept.” in main text, e.g.in the Monthly JV Report, we use “CA Department” instead of “CA Dept.” “Dept.”is usually used in tables, figures, etc.where brevity is virtue.
KBK Region KBK區(qū)域:
Mining Section采礦作業(yè)區(qū)
De-agglomeration Plant/Washing Plant供水和洗礦作業(yè)區(qū)
（Water Resource Area水源地）
Beneficiation Plant選礦作業(yè)區(qū)
Pipeline Engineering Maintenance Section管道工程維修作業(yè)區(qū)
Dispatch Office調(diào)度室
Geology and Survey Office地測室
Fixed Equipment Maintenance Section固定設備維修作業(yè)區(qū)
Mobile Equipment Maintenance Section移動設備維修作業(yè)區(qū)
Power and Instrument Section電儀作業(yè)區(qū)
Warehouse 倉儲作業(yè)區(qū)
HSE Supervision Office HSE(現(xiàn)場)監(jiān)察室
Engineering Management Office工程管理室
KBK Laboratory（KBK Lab）KBK 化驗室
KBK Administration Office KBK綜合管理辦公室
KBK Laboratory（KBK Lab）KBK 化驗室
Emergence Response Team(ERT)應急隊
Basamuk Region BSK區(qū)域
BSK Refinery Office冶煉廠辦公室
BSK Process Office 冶煉廠工藝室
HSE Supervision Office(HSE Site)HSE監(jiān)察室
High Pressure Acid Leaching Section(HPAL)高壓酸浸作業(yè)區(qū)
Neutralization and Product Section中和產(chǎn)品作業(yè)區(qū)
Power Plant 電力作業(yè)區(qū)（電廠）
Instrument Section儀表作業(yè)區(qū)
Water and Steam SupplySection水汽作業(yè)區(qū)
Limestone Section石灰石作業(yè)區(qū)
(Limestone Quarry 石灰石礦+ Lime Plant石灰石廠)
Acid Plant制酸作業(yè)區(qū)（酸廠）
Fixed Equipment Maintenance Section固定設備維修作業(yè)區(qū)
Mobile Equipment Maintenance Section移動設備維修作業(yè)區(qū)
BSK Port BSK港口
BSK Laboratory（BSK Lab）BSK 化驗室
Emergence Response Team(ERT)應急隊
I.Others:Consultant 顧問
Contractor 服務商
Vender Representative/Reps 廠代
II.Grammar 1.ArticlesA.Cases of No Articles before Nounsü Not referring particularly to a certain season, month, weekday or meal.用于非特指的季節(jié)、月份、星期及三餐等名稱前。
E.g.Monday comes before Tuesday.星期二在星期一之后。
Wont you stay for lunch? 留在這兒吃午飯好嗎?
ü Before ball games or chess games and name of holidays with “day” in it.用于球類棋類和游戲以及含 day 的節(jié)日前。
E.g.Used you to play football? 你過去常踢足球嗎?
New Year’s Day is a holiday for everyone.元旦是所有人的節(jié)日。
ü Before the name of a unique position which is serving as predictive，complement, or complement.用于作表語、補語、同位語的惟一職位名詞前。
E.g.John is captain of the team.約翰是足球隊的隊長。
They elected him president of the society.他們選他為協(xié)會會長。
ü Before single nouns that serve as predicative after “turn/go”
用于表示“變成”的 turn / go 后作表語的單數(shù)名詞前。
E.g.He was a teacher before he turned writer.他成為作家之前是教師。
Britain went Labour(i.e changed politically by electing a Labour government)in 1945.1945年英國轉(zhuǎn)由工黨執(zhí)政.ü Before single noun used in concession inversion sentences
用于讓步倒裝的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
E.g.Child as he is, he knows a lot.他雖然是個孩子，但已經(jīng)很懂事了。
ü after a kind/sort…of
用于 a kind / sort / type / form / variety of 后的名詞前。
E.g.He is too young for that kind of job.他太年輕不適合做那工作。
This sort of thing can’t go on!這樣的事不能再進行下去了。
ü Before single noun of study, living, entertainment, etc.referring to the activities.用于某些表示學習、生活、娛樂等的單數(shù)名詞前，表示相關的活動。
E.g.go to school(bed, church, town, class, college, etc)去上學(睡覺，做禮拜，進城，上課，上大學，等)
in bed(school, class, college, church, prison, hospital, etc)在睡覺(上學，上課，上大學，做禮拜，坐牢，住院，等)
注：若不是指活動，而是指具體的實物，則要用冠詞。比較：
go to the bed 到床邊去(側(cè)重指“床”這個實體)
go to bed 上床睡覺(側(cè)重指與“床”有關的活動，即睡覺)
ü In prepositional phrase
用于某些用介詞 by 構(gòu)成的表方式的短語中
E.g.by bus 乘公共汽車 by plane / by air乘飛機 by land 走陸路 by sea 走海路 by phone 用電話 by letter 用信件
by post 用郵寄 by hand 用手工
ü Before general mass nouns, abstract nouns, proper nouns, and plural nouns of general reference.用于表示泛指或一般意義的物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、專有名詞、復數(shù)名詞等之前。
E.g.Knowledge begins with practice.認識從實踐開始。
Smith lives in London.史密斯住在倫敦。
Teachers should be respected.教師應該受到尊重。
ü In some absolute construction
用于某些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中。
E.g.The teacher came in, book in hand.老師走了進來，手里拿著書。
B.Definite Articlesü To refer particular to sth/sb表示特指：
Where are the other students? 其他同學在哪里?
Pass me the magazine on the desk.請把桌上的雜志遞給我。
ü Sth/sb unique表示獨一無二的人或事物：
The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
ü directions表方向或方位:
The sun rises in the east.紅太陽從東方升起。
ü The+single noun referring a type用于單數(shù)名詞前表示類別：
I hate the telephone.我討厭電話。
The lion is a wild animal.獅子是一種野生動物。
Note：sometimes used before adjectives to refer to a category有時用于形容詞前表示類別：
The rich are not always happier than the poor.富人并不總是比窮人過得開心。
The British are very proud of their sense of humor.英國人為自己的幽默感自豪。
ü Before ordinal number and superlative用于序數(shù)詞或最高級前：
You will be the first to speak.你將第一個發(fā)言。
He was considered to be the best player.他被公認為是最佳選手。
Note：The definite article can be omitted before ordinal of ranking and superlative of adverbs.表示名次的序數(shù)詞前的定冠詞以及副詞最高級前的定冠詞通常可以省略。
He took(the)first place.他獲得了第一名。
She works(the)hardest.她工作最努力。
ü Before instrument用于樂器名詞, eg：
He plays the piano very well.他的鋼琴彈得很好。
ü Before plural of surnames用于姓氏的復數(shù)前：
The Greens have no children.格林夫婦沒有小孩。
The Smiths live next to us.史密斯一家就住在我們隔壁。
ü Before part of human body or clothes, etc.previously mentioned用來代替前
面已提到的人的身體部位或衣著等的一部分：
He hit her on the nose.他打了她的鼻子。
ü Used before plural nouns such as twenties, thirties, forties, etc.用于逢整十數(shù)詞的復數(shù)前：
He got married in the fifties.他五十年代結(jié)婚。
ü Before rivers, seas, mountains用于江、河、海、洋、山等前：
The Yellow River is Chinas second longest river.黃河是中國第二大河。
ü Before proper nouns made of common nouns用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有 名詞前：
The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.秘書已經(jīng)在希爾頓大酒店為經(jīng)理預定了房間。
Note: In the case of Ramu, “the” can be used or omitted before larger areas or departments, the difference lies in the tones.Eg.The tone of CA Department is harsher than that of The CA Department.But for smaller areas like the sections, “the” is better to be used, e.g.the Acid Plant.
C.Indefinite Articlesü Refers to any one of a type(of people or things), 泛指一類人或物中的一個：
A bird has wings.鳥有翅膀。
A teacher shouldn’t talk like that.教師不應當這樣講話。
The police caught a thief.警察抓了一個小偷。
ü Refers to the quantity “one”(not comparing with two, or three,etc.), 表示數(shù)量“一”(但不與 two, three 等相對比)：
It took me a year to save up for a new coat.我用了一年時間才省出錢買一件新大衣。
ü Per in price, time, money,表示價錢、時間、速度等的“每一”(=per)：
We meet twice a week.我們每星期碰兩次頭。
They are sold at two dollars a dozen.他們的售價是每打兩美元。
ü Another,用于序數(shù)詞前表示“又一”、“再一”:
Well have to do it a second time.我們得再做一次。
We have put forward a third plan.他們已提出了第三個方案。
ü A cup/glass/…of,在某些物質(zhì)名詞前表示“一杯 / 罐 / 瓶”：
A coffee / tea / beer, please.請來杯咖啡 / 茶 / 啤酒。
ü Materialized abstract nouns,用于具體化了的抽象名詞前：
He was a success in business.他事業(yè)成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you.同你談話是件令人愉快的事。
ü A certain,在專有名詞前表示“某一個”、“類似的一個”：
A Mr.Smith wants to see you.一位名叫史密斯先生的人想見你。
He thought he was a Zhu Geliang.他自以為是諸葛亮。
ü =the same,用于 of 短語中表示“同一”：
Tom and Kate are of an age.湯姆與凱特同年。
2.NOUNSA.Capitalizationü beginning of a sentence每個句子的首單詞的首字母要大寫。
ü first letter and substantives in title標題第一個單詞和實詞首字母都要大寫: The Story about My Family
ü proper noun, name, place, generic terms, etc.專有名詞的每一個單詞的首字母都要大寫，包括人名，地名，特有名詞，專業(yè)術語等，e.g.English, Backstreet Boys, Mike, Beijing, Bible, Nike, Adidas.ü Abbreviations, 縮寫詞都必須大寫，e.g.BBC，VOA，PLA, WTO。
When in informal context, either capitalization or not is acceptable, but “.” should be added between the letters to avoid confusion, e.g.the Korean musical band “h.o.t”.非正式文件中大小寫隨意，但是中間要加點。如韓國一個知名組合HOT也可以寫成h.o.t,小寫的時候加點，是為了和hot(熱)這個詞區(qū)分，避免意義上的混淆
ü Full title of very formal articles, esp.government white papers.一些很正式的文體的title全部大寫.比如政府白皮書之類的封面標題，前注，經(jīng)常是全部大寫的.ü To highlight in informal context.非正式文件中起強調(diào)作用: I did NOT eat your cake.ü The first person pronoun “I”.單詞I(我的主格)永遠用大寫.
B.Single and Pluralstaff, plural noun, e.g.We need more staff in the office.employee, single noun, e.g.The firm has over 500 employees.equipment, uncountable noun, e.g.a useful piece of equipment for the kitchen
3.Punctuation A.The comma(,)ü Use a comma before coordinating conjunctions（并列連詞）linking main clauses.E.g.PNG customs officers arrived at BSK port, and they would visit the Refinery.But when a coordination conjunction links words or phrases, do not use a comma:
E.g.plays and sings Chinese and National stuff
ü Use a comma to set off most introductory elements(引導詞):
E.g.Concerned, other researchers deny the claim.Production was resumed soon after the earthquake.However, the slurry pipeline was damaged by flood caused by heavy rain.The comma after a short subordinate clause or prepositional phrase may be mitted if its omission does not create confusion(but using a comma there is never wrong):
E.g.In 2012(,)the load commissioning starts.ü Use a comma or commas to set off nonrestrictive elements: When a nonrestrictive element falls in the middle of a sentence, be sure to set it off with a pair of commas, one before and one after the element:
E.g.The company, which is located in PNG, has an excellent reputation.ü A comma or commas should be used when the nonrestrictive phrases and subordinate clauses functioning as adjectives as well as the nonrestrictive appositives drop into a sentence:
E.g.She worked at Madang, helping to translate the paper materials.Toni Morrison’s fifth novel, Beloved, won the Pulitzer Prize in 1988.Set off the parenthetical expressions with commas:
E.g.The production, perhaps surprisingly, increased by 6%.ü Note: a.Use that only in a restrictive clause, never in a nonrestrictive clause: E.g.… company, which [not that] was affiliated with metallurgy industry….ü Do not use a pair of comma in a restrictive appositive(同位語):
E.g.Morrison’s novel The Bluest Eye is about an African American girl who longs for blue eyes.[Morrison has written more than one novel, so the title is essential to identify the intended one.]
ü When a transitional expression(however, for example, in fact, of course, indeed …)links main clauses, precede it with a semicolon(;)and follow it with a comma:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;in fact, they were delayed because of the bad weather.ü A few transitional expressions, notably therefore and instead, do not need commas when they fall inside or at the ends of clauses:
E.g.National workers thus put in more work days.But the days themselves may be shorter.ü The nonrestrictive element may modify or rename the word it refers to, but it does not limit the word to a particular individual or group.The meaning of the word would still be clear if the element were deleted.However, if the restrictive element were deleted, the meaning of the word will be confusing.ü Use commas between items in a series:
E.g.The staff in Beijing, Madang, BSK Refinery, and KBK Mine put their hearts into their work.ü Use commas between two or more adjectives that equally modify the same word:
E.g.The clean, spacious room is the workers’ dining hall.But when the adjective nearer the noun is more closely related to the noun in meaning, the adjectives should not be separated by commas:
E.g.He works in BSK Refinery, handling various odd affairs.ü Use commas in dates, addresses, place names, and long numbers:
E.g.Interlock water commissioning of HPAL Train #1 commenced on Monday, March 19, 2012, in preparation for loading commissioning.KBK, PNG, is the location of the Mine.ü Use the comma to separate the figures in long numbers into groups of three, counting from the right.With numbers of four digits, the comma is optional:
E.g.The procurement contract of 20, 000 tons of sulfuric acid has been reviewed.A kilometer is 3, 281 feet(or 3281 feet).Note: a.Do not use commas between the parts of a date in inverted order(15 December 2011)or in dates consisting of a month or season and a year(December 2011).ü Do not use a comma between a state and a zip code:
E.g.220 Cornell Road, Woodside, California 94062
ü Use commas with quotations according to standard practice:
If the structure of the sentences is: sb say/write/…+ “ ”(the content of the quotation), you should use a comma after the verb, and a period at the end of the quotation in the quotation marks:
E.g.The engineer said, “The autoclave works well.”
If the structure is: “ ”(the content of the quotation)+ say/write/… sb, you should use a comma at the end of the quotation in the quotation marks:
E.g.“We should organize the preparation for unloading the coming acid,” the manager said.When explanatory words are between the quotation sentences, and do not interrupt the main clauses, use commas after the explanatory words:
E.g.“The shore has a dual nature,” observed the delegation leader, “changing with the swing of tide.”
When explanatory words interrupt a quotation between main clauses, follow the explanatory words with a semicolon or a period:
E.g.“That part of my life was over,” she wrote.“His words had sealed it shut.”
“That part of my life was over,” she wrote;“his words had sealed it shut.”
Note: a.Do not use a comma when identifying words follow a quotation ending in an exclamation point o r a question mark:
E.g.“When did MOA Quarterly review meeting start?” he asked
ü Do not use a comma with a quotation that is integrated into your sentence structure, including one introduced by that:
E.g.He thought that the violence of a riot “had been devised as a corrective” to his own violence.ü Do not use a comma with a quoted title unless it is a nonrestrictive appositive: E.g.The Beatles recorded “She Loves Me” in the early 1960s.
B.The Semicolon(;)ü When no coordinating conjunction(and, but…)links two main clauses, the clauses should be separated by a semicolon:
E.g.The Mine and Refinery continued carrying out the safety awareness;many workers and local people attended it.ü Use a semicolon between main clauses related by however, for example, and so on:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;eventually, they were delayed because of bad weather.ü The position of the semicolon between main clauses never changes, but the conjunctive adverb or transitional expression may move around within the second clause.Wherever the adverb or expression falls, it is usually set off with a comma or commas:
E.g.The new employees would arrive at the Refinery on September 12 as per the schedule;they were delayed because of the bad weather, however.ü Use semicolons between main clauses or series items containing commas: e.g.The workers in the office are Jill, the manager;Joyce, the lawyer;Eva, the assistant.
C.The Colon(:)ü Use a colon to introduce a concluding explanation, series, appositive, or long or formal quotation
E.g.The definition of soul food may be the following: the ethnic cooking of African Americans.ü Two causes have been given for the landslide: the heavy rain and the vegetation deterioration.Namely, that is, and other expressions that introduce appositives follow the colon:
E.g.Soul food has one disadvantage: namely, fat.ü Use a colon after the salutation of a business letter, between a title and subtitle, between division of time, in biblical citations, and in expressing scores: E.g.Dear Prime Minister:
Charles Dickens: An Introduction to His Novels
12:37(time)1 Corinthians 3:6-7(Biblical citation)
China beat Japan 3:1 in the women’s volleyball tournament.Note: Use the colon only at the end of a main clause.Do not use the colon after such as and including.
D.Dash(--):In your papers, form a dash with two hyphens.Do not add extra space before, after, or between the hyphens.ü The dash signals a shift, insertion, or break:
E.g.The rotary kiln—if it is maintained well—can be used next week.ü Dashes may be used instead of comma as the set off and emphasize modifiers, parenthetical expressions, and other nonrestrictive elements, especially when the elements are internally punctuated:
E.g.The machines—the autoclave, the sulfur conveyor, and the log washer—are in use.Lack of safety awareness, fatigue, working without PPE, carelessness—all these may cause lost time incidents.Note: Too many dashes can make writing jumpy or breathy.Do not overuse dashes.
4.Numbers and Date A.Numbersü Use numerals according to standard practice in the field you are writing in:
Always use numerals for numbers that require more than two words to spell out:
E.g.KBK Mine has mined 52, 600 tons of ROM ore.ü Use numerals for all numbers over ten in much business writing: five workers, 11 rooms.ü And use numerals for zero through nine when they refer to exact measurements: 2 liters, 3 hours.Note: Use a combination of numerals and words for round numbers over a million: 34 million, 5.67 billion.And use either all numerals or all words when several numbers appear together in a passage.ü Use numerals according to convention for dates, addresses, and other information: e.g.June 35, 2012 455 Clinton Avenue
$78 million 17:28
Note: Round dollar or cent amounts of only a few words may be expressed in words: seventeen dollars;sixty cents.When the word o’clock is used for the time of day, also express the number in words: two o’clock(not 2 o’clock).ü Spell out numbers that begin sentences:
For clarity, spell out any number that begins s sentence.If the number requires more than two words, reword the sentence so that the number falls later and can be expressed as a numeral:
E.g.A cargo ship with 40, 000 tons of acid will arrive at BSK Refinery.(√)
40, 000 tons of acid will arrive at BSK Refinery.(X)
B.Date format規(guī)則rules | 舉例e.g. | 英式 UK | 美式 US |
寫法 written | 1996年4月22日 | 22nd April 1996 | April 22, 1996 （no appendix like nd for 22nd） |
讀法 pronunciation | the twenty-second of April, nineteen eighty-seven； | April the twenty-second, nineteen eighty-seven | |
數(shù)字表達 Numbers （easy to cause confusion, not recommended） | 1987年4月22日 | 22/4/87 (dd/mm/yy) | 4/22/87 (mm/dd/yy) |
1998年8月1日 | 01.08.1998 (dd.mm.yyyy) | 08,01,1998 (mm,dd,yyyy) |
Morning: a.m.：thirteen past six a.m.（上午六點十三分）
Afternoon: p.m.：four oclock p.m.（下午四點）
Note: Sequence **時間日期順序：
Eg.The event took place on 24 April at 3 pm
The manuscript bears the date 10 April 1937.手稿上注著1937年4月10日
on Monday, March 19, 2012
D.Serial NumberNumber: abbrs No., no;US symb # , used before a figure to indicate the place of sth in a series(用於數(shù)字前表示某物在某一系列中的位置):
Room number 145 is on the third floor of the hotel.145號房間在旅館的四樓.Hes living at No.4, ie house number four.他住在4號.No.10(Downing Street)is the official residence of the British Prime Minister.（唐寧街）10號是英國首相府.
? HPAL Train 1
#2 Acid System
III.E-mail WritingE-mail is very efficient way of quickly sending messages, and may include digital documents or scanned images, or even sounds, as attachments.
1.Style and ContentThe only inconvenience of e-mails is that the recipient cannot always control the format of the mail received: lines tend to be long and the characters small and that may make the text uncomfortable to read.For this reason, e-mails should be brief and, when writing long massages or letters, it may be better to use a word processor and e-mail a document as an attachment.E-mails can be as formal as a letter or even less formal than a memo.If writing to a client or a customer, an e-mail should be treated just as if it were a letter.If writing to colleagues or people with whom you are in friendly terms, you can relax on your language and even be a little casual with things like spelling and punctuation.You have to be the judge on how formal or informal you need to be but, to be on the safe side, you may want to intimate the style of the person you are in communication with.
2.Tips on EtiquetteEmail speeds from screen to screen.Nevertheless, it is communication between human beings.To be successful, it must be both efficient and considerate.ü Begin with a precise subject.Write “two changes in your PNG itinerary’’ not “travel update”.Never leave the subject blank.If you are not sure what the subject is, you are not ready to send a message.ü Think before you type.Decided why you are writing and what you want your readers to do.Then organize your thoughts.Do not expect your readers to do the thinking for you.ü Get to the point in the first two or three sentences.Be clear about your purpose, do not keep your reader guessing.ü Include your name and contact information at the end of your message.Without it , readers may not recognize you as the writer, and they may be unable to reach you by phone or fax.ü Keep your promise.Attach documents when you say you will, and be sure to attach the correct versions.Test hyperlinks to be sure they can be correct and active.ü Use standard punctuation, spelling, and capitalization to help readers understand our message quickly.ü Change paragraphs when you change ideas.One-sentence paragraphs are acceptable.ü Always insert blank line between paragraphs.Big blocks of text intimidate readers.Intimidation=unread message.ü Press reply to say thanks only when the message merits a thank you or the sender needs acknowledgment that you received the message.ü Never criticize or blame in email.After you press send, you have no control over how the message is received and understood.ü Review messages before forwarding them.Be sure nothing in them will embarrass the writer or readers.ü Avoid smiley faces and clever emoticons like this one: :).your reader may think such symbols are unprofessional.ü Tell readers if you expect action from them.People read email too fast to guess at requests implied between the lines.If possible, include your request in the first lines of text so they cannot miss it.ü Everyone has enough to read.Avoid copying people on messages they donot want or need.ü Do not send a blank message with a file attached unless your subject explains the attachment.Readers often delete such messages, especially from outside the firm.ü Learn the preference of people you write to often.Does your manager want background or just the facts?
ü Reply promptly, considering the urgency and importance of the message.ü After using your grammar and spelling checker, proofread.Then forgive your errors and those of others.Despite our electronic communications, we are all human.
IV.Letter Writing1.The SolutionThe one thing that should be mentioned right away is that in British and international correspondence the salutation is followed by a comma.Americans, on the other hand, prefer a colon.Nowadays we use the term “Ms” for both married and unmarried women.However, some women still prefer to be called “Mrs” or even “Miss”, and you should therefore pay attention to how the writer signs herself.
Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam | When you do not know the name and the gender of the person you are writing to. |
Dear Mr.Brown,Dear Ms Brown, | When you do know the name.When you know for sure from the signature |
Dear Prof.Brown,Dear Doc.Brown | Professor When the person has a title of Doctor |
Sirs, Madams | When writing to more than one person of the same gender |
Dear Bob, Dear Mary | When you are on first name terms |
To whom it may concern | When you do not know exactly who your letter will be read by |
1.RevisingOne of the following techniques may help you see your work objectively:
ü Take a break after finishing the draft to pursue some other activity.A few hours may be enough;a whole night or day is preferable.ü Ask your colleague to read and react to your draft.ü Print your draft on paper.You’ll be able to view all pages of the draft at once, and the different medium can reveal weaknesses you didnt see on screen.ü Outline your draft.While reading it, highlight the main points supporting the thesis.Copy and paste these sentences separately in outline form.Then examine the outline youve made for logical order, gaps, and digressions.A formal outline can be especially illuminating because of its careful structure.ü Listen to your draft: read it out loud, read it into a recorder and play, or have someone read the draft to you.Checklist for Revision
Purpose | What is the essay’s purpose? Does that purpose confirm to the assignment? Is it consistent through the paper? | |
Thesis | What is the thesis of the essay? Where does it become clear? How well do the thesis and paper match? Does paper stray from the thesis? | |
Structure | What are the main points of the paper?(List them)how well does each support the thesis? How effective is their arrangement for the paper’s purpose? | |
Development | How well do details, examples, and other evidence support each main point? Where, if at all, might readers find support skimpy or have trouble understanding the content? | |
tone | What is the tone of the paper? How do particular words and sentences structures create the tones? How appropriate is it for the purpose, topic, and intended readers? Where is it most or least successful? | |
Unity | What does each sentence and paragraph contribute to the thesis? Where, if at all, do digressions occur? Should these be cut, or can they be rewritten to support the thesis? | |
Coherence | How clearly and smoothly does the paper flow? Where does it seem rough or awkward? Can any transitions be improved? | |
Title, introduction, conclusion | How accurately and interestingly does the title reflect the essay’s content? How well does the introduction engage and focus reader’s attention? How effective is the conclusion in providing a sentence of completion. |
The revision stage is a good time to consider a title because attempting to sum up your essay in a phrase can focus your attention sharply on your topic, purpose, and audience.
2.Editing and ProofreadingAfter youve revised your essay so that all the content is in place, then turn to the important work of removing any surface problems that could interfere with a readers understanding or enjoyment of your ideas.Try these approaches to discover what needs editing:
ü Take a break, even fifteen or twenty minutes, to clear your head.ü Read the draft slowly, and read what you actually see.Otherwise, youre likely to read what you intended to write but didnt.ü As you read the draft, imagine yourself encountering it for the first time, as a reader will.ü As when revising, read the draft aloud, preferably into a recorder, listening for awkward rhythms, repetitive sentence patterns, and missing or clumsy transitions.ü Learn from your own experience.Keep a record of the problems that others have pointed out in your writing.When editing, check your work against this record.In your editing, work first for clarity and a smooth movement among sentences and then for correctness.Use the questions in the checklist on the preceding page to guide your editing, referring to the page numbers in parentheses as needed.
Checklist for Editing
To increase the accuracy of your proofreading, you may need to experiment with ways to keep yourself from relaxing into the rhythm and the content of your prose.Here are a few tricks, including some used by professional proofreaders:
ü Read printed copy, even if you will eventually submit the paper electronically.Most people proofread more accurately when reading type on paper than when reading it on a computer screen.(At the same time, don’t view the printed copy as necessarily error-free just because its clean.Clean-looking copy may still harbor errors.)
ü Read the paper aloud, very slowly, and distinctly pronounce exactly what you see.ü Place a ruler under each line as you read it.ü Take steps to keep the content of your writing from distracting you while you proofread.Read the essay backward, end to beginning, examining each sentence as a separate unit.Or, taking advantage of a computer, isolate each paragraph from its context by printing it on a separate page.(Of course, reassemble the paragraphs before submitting the paper.
VII.Syntax Points1.SentenceRegarding grammar, all you need to do, is get a sense of how the language works and understand the mechanism.That will not guarantee that you immediately improve your language, but it will facilitate your job in the long run.ü Sentences.you construct sentences by using the different kinds of words of works according to their function and the rules of grammar.ü Clause.A clause is a basic sentence that contains at least one subject and one verb.ü Linking sentence with conjunctions.Link words can be used to either add to or contradict(say the opposite of)what was said before.Some should normally not be used at the beginning of a sentence but only to link simple sentences a complex sentence.Some can link simple sentences only if preceded by a conjunction, while others can be used for both simple and complex sentences, as indicated below.
Link words used to add to what was said before. | Link words used to contradict what was said before. | |||||
and...because...or... | also...in addition [to that]...on top of that...furthermore...consequently...in that case...fortunately...to put it simply...in simple words...in other words... | since...as...after all...therefore...before after then... | but... | alternatively...unfortunately...in contrast to this...on the other hand... | while...whereas...[al]though...even if...in spite of...or else...otherwise...yet...nevertheless...however... | |
Note that since, as, while, whereas, [al]though, even if, in spite of and or else, when used to link simple sentences, can appear both at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. | ||||||
I do | usually, sometimes etc. | |
I am doing | now, or at a time around now | |
I did | at a point in time that is now finished | |
I was doing | during a period of time that is now finished | |
I have done | at an indefinite time between the remote past and now | |
I have been doing | for a period of time until now | |
I had done | before another event in the past | |
I had been doing | for a period of time before another event in the past | |
I will(am going to)do | in the future | |
I will(am going to)be doing | at a particular point during a period of time in the future | |
I will(am going to)have done | after I complete something that I will do in the future | |
I will(am going to)have been doing. | for a period of time until I finish it |
Different from the historical present tense in literature writing, news articles are written in Journalistic present tense.There are generally three tenses for titles of news articles: present, future and present continuous. The present tense refers to what happened in the past to increase freshness, immediacy, and reality of the report.E.g.COMEBACK GIVES CHINA A SENSATIONAL THOMAS CUP WIN（＝THE COMEBACK GAVE CHINA A SENSATIONAL THOMAS CUP WIN）中國隊反敗為勝榮獲湯姆斯杯 The future tense is expressed by “will+ verb”or more often “(be)to verb”(be is often ommitted)： The present continous is used for what is going on.The “be”in“be +verbing”is often obmitted: SIGNS OF RIFTS APPEARING IN ARGENTINAS JUNTA（＝THE SIGNs OF RIFTS ARE APPEARING IN ARGENTINAS JUNTA）阿根廷軍人政府出現(xiàn)內(nèi)訌跡象 |
Meeting Minutes | Weekly Bulletin | Monthly Report | Garamut | ||
題目title | 宋體二號粗 | ||||
小標題 subtitle | 仿宋小三粗 | 宋體二號粗 | 仿宋小四粗 | ||
正文text | 仿宋小三 | 宋體四號 | |||
其他others | 單倍行距 | 單倍行距 | 1.5倍行距 | ||
English | 題目title | Centur四號粗 | |||
小標題 subtitle | Calibri 二號 | Arial 小四粗 | 11粗 | ||
正文text | Arial小四 | Calibri 四號 | Arial 小四 | Times.小四 | |
其他others | 單倍行距single space | 1.5行距 | 單倍行距single space |
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