第一篇:2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺 語法講解 非謂語動詞作主語時的主謂一致
2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺語法講解:非謂語動詞作主語時的主謂一致 非謂語動詞(主要指不定式或動名詞)作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數。如:
1.動名詞作主語
Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.換乘火車多少有些不便。
Being deaf and dumb makes communication very difficult.又聾又啞很難與人交往。Watching the event on television was a poor substitute for actually being there.從電視上觀看那個比賽比現場觀看可差遠了。
Reading by artificial light is bad for the eyes.閱讀時使用人工照明會損害眼睛。Writing a dictionary is a long and difficult business but we’re getting there.編寫詞典是費時費事的工作, 但我們一定能成功。
Writing a book was a more difficult job than he’d thought.寫書這工作可比他原來想像的難得多。
2.不定式作主語
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.說自己不知道規則是不能成為藉口的。
How to earn daily bread by my pen was then the problem.如何靠我的筆維持生計在當時是一難題。
To have such an easy examination paper was a gift from the gods.碰到這樣容易的考卷, 那是老天爺的恩賜。
To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.說自己不知道規則是不能成為藉口的。
To say that he was displeased is an understatement.說他不高興是重事輕說。To move house requires forward planning.要搬家得先做好計劃。
To have told my secret would have given me away.要是講出了我的秘密就是把我自己出賣了。
第二篇:2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺 語法講解 關于分詞作狀語的邏輯主語問題
2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺語法講解:關于分詞作狀語的邏輯主語問題 有這樣一道題,涉及分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語問題:
Finding her car stolen, _________.A.a policeman was asked to helpB.the area was searched thoroughly
C.it was looked for everywhereD.she hurried to a policeman for help
【分析】此題最佳答案選D,因為句首用作狀語的現在分詞短語finding her car stolen的邏輯主語應是“她”,而不是 a policeman, the area, it 等,按照英語語法,在通常情況下,非謂語動詞用作狀語時,它的邏輯主語應與句子主語保持一致,所以最佳答案為D。請再看類例:
(1)To master a foreign language, _________.A.the school needs a foreign teacherB.a good teacher is needed
C.a lot of practice is neededD.one must have a lot of practice
【分析】此題答案選D,因為 to master a foreign language 的邏輯主語應是 one,而不是其他。
(2)_________ many times, he still didn’t understand it.A.Having been toldB.Though to be told
C.Having toldD.He was told
【分析】此題答案選A,因為根據句意,he 與 tell 應是被動關系;另外,從時間上看,應該是“被告訴”在先,“沒有理解”在后,故要用 having been told 這一現在分詞的完成被動式。注意不能選D,因為 He was told 與he still didn’t understand it 這兩個簡單句之間缺乏必要的銜接關系(參見下一題)。
(3)_________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.A.Having been toldB.Though he was told
C.To have been toldD.He was told
【分析】此題答案選D,句中的并列連詞 but 表明整個句子為并列句,同時表明 but 前應是一個獨立的句子,而不能是一個非謂語動詞短語(所以不能選A或C),又因為 though 為從屬連詞,用以引導讓步狀語從句,它與連接并列句的并列連詞 but 不“兼容”,所以也不能選B。
第三篇:2012高考英語考前沖刺Ⅱ專題17 非謂語動詞
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1.(2011年高考大綱全國卷)The island,________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A.joining
B.to join C.joined D.having joined 系,故此處用現在分詞形式。答案:D 3.(2011年高考山東卷)Look over there-there's a very long, winding path________up to the house.A.leading B.leads C.led D.to lead 4.(2011年高考天津卷)Passengers are permitted________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried
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http://www.tmdps.cn 解析:句意:乘客只被允許帶一件手提行李登機。該題考查permit 的固定搭配be permitted 在失去面對面交流的技能??疾榉侵^語動詞作表語。seem后通常用動詞不定式,排除A和保持句子結構的平衡。
[典例1] It is my honor ________here to spend some time with you.A.to be invited B.inviting C.being invited D.to invite [解析] 此處表示具體的某一次動作,應用不定式結構,故排除B、C。根據邏輯關系可知,“我”是“被邀請”,因此用動詞不定式的被動式。故選A。此時前面的It只是形式主語,后面的不定式才是真正的主語。[答案] A
二、動詞不定式作表語
動詞不定式可作表語,通常說明或解釋主語的內容,也可表示將來的動作。
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http://www.tmdps.cn [典例2] The purpose of new technology is to make life easier,________it more difficult.A.not making B.not make C.not to make D.to not make 被動語態。[答案] B
四、動詞不定式作賓補
1.有些動詞(短語)后面常接帶to的不定式作賓語補足語。常見的這類動詞有:advise勸告;force迫使;instruct指示;ask要求;intend打算要;beg請求;expect期望;invite邀請;forbid禁止;remind提醒;urge激勵;order命令;permit允許;teach勸誡;wish希望;persuade說服。動詞短語有:call on,count on,rely on,depend on,long for,wait for等。
[典例4] We can't count on a man like Jim ________us the necessary help.A.to give B.giving C.to be given D.given [解析] count on sb.to do sth.表示“依靠(指望)某人做??”。[答案] A 2.在think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,declare,prove,suppose,imagine
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http://www.tmdps.cn 等詞后面,常跟“to be+形容詞(也可以是名詞或反身代詞)”結構,但在主動語態中to be常可以省去。
[典例5] We sometimes imagine a desert island ________a sort of paradise,where the sun always shines.A.be B.being C.不填 D.is 補足語。feel good意為“感覺好”。well也可以用作形容詞,但其意思是“健康的”。[答案] D
五、動詞不定式作定語
1.不定式用在the first,the second,the last,the only等短語后面作定語。[典例7] His first book ________next month is based on a true story.A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published [解析] 考查非謂語動詞作后置定語。由時間狀語next month可知所填非謂語動詞表示將來的動作,用動詞不定式,其邏輯主語與publish之間存在動賓關系,故用不定式的被動式,故選B。[答案] B 2.不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后面作定語。不定式作定語與被修飾的中心詞之間常表現
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http://www.tmdps.cn 為主謂關系或動賓關系。
The next train to arrive was from New York.(主謂關系)It was a game to be remembered.(動賓關系)[典例8](2011年高考湖南卷)The ability________an idea is as important as the idea itself.A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed 動詞不定式作狀語,表示原因。[答案] B 2.不定式作目的狀語。不定式作目的狀語既可放在句首也可放在句尾。為了加強語氣,也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”結構作目的狀語。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾,so as to較少置于句首。
[典例10] With Father's Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank ________presents for my dad.A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought [解析] 句意:父親節將要到來,為了給爸爸買禮物我已經從銀行取了一些錢。動詞不定式作目的狀語?!百I禮物”這一動作發生在“從銀行取了一些錢”這一動作之后,所以可排
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http://www.tmdps.cn 除D項。[答案] B 3.不定式作結果狀語。具體形式如下:
“too+adj.+adv.+to do”意為“太??而不能”,“adj.+adv.+enough+to do”意為“足以??”,“only/just to do”表示出乎意料的結果。
[典例11] Do you think you are brave enough ________bungee jumping? A.trying B.in trying C.to try D.and try [解析] adj./adv.+enough后用不定式作結果狀語。[答案] C
七、“疑問詞+動詞不定式”結構
式的變化。
一、動名詞作主語
動名詞可直接放在句首作主語。在一些句子中,常用it作形式主語,而把能用作真正主語的動名詞放在后面。it is后可接no use,no good等名詞,也可接useless,nice等形容詞。
[典例1] In my mind,________that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.A.attending B.attended C.attend D.having attended
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http://www.tmdps.cn [解析] 動名詞短語作主語,表示籠統的行為。又因該句沒有明確的時間狀語,不強調動作的完成,故排除D項。[答案] A
二、動名詞作賓語
1.有些動詞(短語)后面要求跟動名詞作賓語。
否認偷過東西,強調動作產生的影響;此處用deny doing sth.表示“否認做過某事”。故此處應用動名詞的完成式。[答案] C 2.在have difficulty(trouble,problem,a hard time,fun,a good time)(in)+動名詞;be busy(in)+動名詞;waste time(in)+動名詞;lose time(in)+動名詞;there is no point(in)+動名詞等結構中,動名詞作介詞in的賓語,in常省去。
[典例3] I had great difficulty ________the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.A.find B.found C.to find D.finding [解析] have difficulty(in)doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”。[答案] D
億庫教育網
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億庫教育網
http://www.tmdps.cn .下列動詞后既可接不定式,也可接動名詞,3
但含義不同:
[典例4] —Robert is indeed a wise man.—Oh,yes.How often I have regretted ________his advice!A.to take B.taking C.not to take D.not taking [解析] regret doing sth.“后悔已做某事”,動作已發生;regret to do sth.“后?mean to do sth.?打算做某事???mean doing sth.?意味著做某事??forget to do sth.?忘記要做某事???forget doing sth.?忘記已做過某事? [典例5] In April,thousands of holidaymakers remained ____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.to be stuck D.to have stuck [解析] 動詞stick與它的邏輯主語thousands of holidaymakers之間存在動賓關系,且該動作發生在過去,故用過去分詞。
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http://www.tmdps.cn [答案] B 2.分詞作定語
(1)現在分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語,也可放在所修飾的詞之后,相當于一個定語從句。過去分詞作定語時,一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當于一個定語從句。
[典例6] I'm calling to enquire about the position ________in yesterday's 句。
[典例7] So far nobody has claimed the money ________in the library.A.discovered B.to be discovered C.discovering D.having discovered [解析] 該空在句中作后置定語修飾the money,the money與discover之間存在動賓關系,故用過去分詞形式。句意:到目前為止還沒有人來認領在圖書館所發現的錢。
[答案] A 3.分詞作賓語補足語
常跟分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有:catch,have,get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,notice,observe,watch等。
[典例8](2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ for words.A.lose B.lost C.to lose D.having lost [解析] 句意:即使是最好的作家有時候也會發現自己找不到合適的話表達自己。find 是表示心理變化的動詞,其后的themselves 是賓語,空格處應作為賓語補足語使用,所以
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http://www.tmdps.cn 要使用lost, 表示“迷惘的,不知所措的”,lost 是形容詞。
[答案] B 4.分詞作狀語
分詞可作時間狀語、原因狀語、伴隨狀語以及結果狀語等。
[典例9](2011年高考天津卷)________into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.A.Translating B.Translated C.To translate D.Having translated [解析] 句意:被翻譯成英語時,這個句子的語序完全不同。translating 作狀語,a table與lay之間為被動關系,且有already暗示,故空白處應用過去分詞表被動和完成。[答案] A [考點透析] 獨立主格結構和with結構在近幾年的高考中都有所體現,主要考查其在句中充當時間、條件或在句尾作方式、伴隨狀語,今后的高考中仍會考查此結構。
The guests having left,he began to take a short rest.(獨立主格結構表時間)客人離開后,他開始休息一會兒。
Weather permitting,we'll go sightseeing.(獨立主格結構表條件)如果天氣好,我們將去觀光旅行。
All things considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.(獨立主格結構表
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http://www.tmdps.cn 條件)綜合各方面考慮,她的論文比你的好。
[誤區警示] ①一種習慣用法是:在“名詞/代詞+介詞短語”構成的獨立主格結構中,名詞/代詞和介詞后面的名詞沒有任何冠詞或所有格修飾,也不用with引導。
Last night I followed him here and climbed in,sword in hand.昨晚我跟蹤他到這里,我手里拿著劍,爬進去了。
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第四篇:2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺 語法講解 it用作形式主語代替動名詞主要用于哪些句式
2014屆高考英語臨考沖刺語法講解:it用作形式主語代替動名詞主要
用于哪些句式
it用作形式主語代替動名詞的用法主要見于以下句式:
1.It is no use(no good, fun, great fun, a new experience, a great honour, etc)doing sth。如:
It is no good talking.空談是沒有用的。
It’s fun working for him.為他工作很有意思。
It’s great fun sailing a boat.揚帆駕舟十分有趣。
It’s no use shouting at him—he’s deaf.向他叫喊是沒有用的——他耳聾。
It has been a great honour your coming to visit us.你來看望我們是極大榮幸。
2.It is good(nice, useless, interesting, pleasant, tiring, etc)doing sth。如: It is useless speaking.光說沒有用。
It was pleasant sitting there.坐在那里很愉快。
It’s so nice sitting here with you.和你坐在一起真是愉快。
It’s good hearing English spoken.聽到人講英語,我很高興。
It’s terribly tiring working late like this.這樣干到深夜是非常累人的。
3.it is worth while doing sth。如:
It’s worth while doing the work.這項工作值得做。
Do you think it’s worth while quarrelling with me? 你認為和我吵值得嗎?
4.其他句式。如:
It doesn’t matter wasting a little money.浪費一點錢沒有關系。
It felt funny being dressed like a peasant girl.打扮成村姑感到有點怪怪的。What’s it like being married? 結婚是什么味道
第五篇:2018年江蘇高考英語專題一語法知識:第2講非謂語動詞
第2講 非謂語動詞
1.Many Chinese brands,________ their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.(2017·江蘇,21)A.having developed
C.developed
答案 A 解析 考查現在分詞短語作狀語。句意為:很多中國品牌歷經幾個世紀樹立了聲譽,它們正面臨著當代市場帶來的新挑戰?!癬_______their reputations over centuries”在句中作狀語,修飾整個句子。句子主語many Chinese brands與動詞develop之間是主動關系,且句中有延續性的時間狀語over centuries,這里應該用現在分詞的完成式表示主動和延續性的動作,因此選A。
2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ________ their valuable time.(2017·北京,27)A.save
C.to save
答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為:現在許多航空公司允許乘客在網上打印登機牌以節約他們寶貴的時間。不定式短語to save their valuable time在句中作目的狀語。
3.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,________ from butterflies to elephants.(2017·北京,30)A.ranging
C.to range
答案 A 解析 考查現在分詞短語作定語。句意為:國家公園有一大批野生生物,從蝴蝶到大象都有。range from...to...從??到??(的范圍)。a large collection of wildlife與range之間是主動關系,故用現在分詞形式。
4.Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time ____ with his students.(2017·北京,32)
B.range D.ranged B.saving D.saved
B.being developed D.developing A.to spend
C.spending
答案 D
B.spend D.spent
解析 考查過去分詞短語作定語。句意為:吉姆已經退休了,但他仍然記得和學生們一起度過的快樂時光。time與spend之間是被動關系,故此處用過去分詞形式。
5.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train ________.(2017·天津,10)A.catching
C.to catch
答案 C 解析 考查不定式作定語。句意為:整個會議期間,我一直在看時間,因為我要趕火車。結合句意可知,此處表示將要發生的動作,且catch與a train是動賓關系,故用動詞不定式作定語,用主動形式表被動意義。
6.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,________ more patients to be treated.(2017·天津,14)A.being allowed
C.having allowed
答案 B 解析 考查現在分詞短語作結果狀語。句意為:醫院最近獲得了新的醫療設備,從而使更多的病人能夠得到治療。此處用現在分詞短語作結果狀語,故選B項。
7.In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.(2016·江蘇,28)A.to hide
C.hiding
答案 B 解析 考查過去分詞作后置定語。句意為:在藝術評論中,你得假設藝術家藏了一個秘密信息在作品中。句中message與hide是被動關系,故要用過去分詞作后置定語。
8.________ it easier to get in touch with us,you’d better keep this card at hand.(2016·北京,26)A.Made
C.Making
答案 D
B.Make D.To make B.hidden D.being hidden B.allowing D.allowed B.caught D.to be caught 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為:為了更容易地和我們取得聯系,你最好把這張名片卡放在手邊。由本句話的后半句可知,make的邏輯主語為you,you與make之間為邏輯上的主謂關系,結合句意可知,非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語,故選D。
9.________ over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京,28)A.Ordering
C.Having ordered
答案 D 解析 考查過去分詞短語作狀語。句意為:那些書一周前已經預定了,現在有望隨時到貨。order與其邏輯主語the books之間為邏輯上的動賓關系,故選D。
10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,________ air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津,4)A.making
C.made
答案 A 解析 考查現在分詞短語作結果狀語。句意為:涼爽的風通過我們臥室的窗戶吹進來,沒有必要吹空調了。題中swept是謂語動詞,所以make只能用非謂語動詞形式;句子主語the cooling wind與make是主動關系,故用現在分詞作結果狀語,表示自然而然的結果。11.To return to the problem of water pollution,I’d like you to look at a study ________ in Australia in 2012.(2016·浙江,10)A.having conducted
C.conducting
答案 D 解析 考查過去分詞短語作定語。句意為:為了再討論一下水污染的問題,我想讓大家看一項2012年在澳大利亞進行的研究。分析句子成分可知,句中沒有連詞,所以空處用非謂語動詞,且 a study和 conduct 構成邏輯上的被動關系,所以用過去分詞作后置定語。12.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_______with students.(2016·浙江,19)A.working
C.to work
答案 A 解析 考查現在分詞作補足語。句意為:航海的樂趣與我現在和學生一起上課的樂趣一樣多。
B.work D.worked B.to be conducted D.conducted B.to make D.being made B.To order D.Ordered 題干中的do指代前面的have fun,have fun doing sth.做某事很開心,是固定搭配,故選A。13.Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(2015·江蘇,24)A.being spent
C.spent
答案 C 解析 考查獨立主格結構。句意為:長時間坐在辦公桌前,辦公室職員通常被健康問題所困擾。time 與spend之間構成被動關系,故用過去分詞形式。
14.________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.(2015·天津,8)A.To work
C.To be working
答案 D 解析 考查現在分詞短語作狀語。句意為:工作了兩天后,史蒂夫設法準時完成了報告。work與其邏輯主語Steve之間為主謂關系,故要用現在分詞形式;同時work的動作發生在謂語動作managed to finish之前,故要用完成時。
15.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile,she stood rooted to the ground,________ whether to stay or leave.(2015·湖南,30)A.wondering
C.to wonder
答案 A 解析 考查現在分詞短語作狀語。句意為:那名店員看到一張友善的臉,臉上因歉意的微笑布滿了皺紋,這時她愣在了那里,琢磨著是走還是留。句子的主語she與wonder之間是主動關系,且wonder與主句動作stood是同時發生的,故用現在分詞作伴隨狀語。16.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students________ what is bothering them.(2015·湖南,34)A.to talk over
C.talk over
答案 A 解析 考查不定式作目的狀語。句意為:有時對我的同學來說我充當了聽眾的角色,以便與他們詳細聊一聊正在困擾他們的事情。本句用動詞不定式作目的狀語。
B.talked over D.having talked over B.wonder D.wondered B.Worked D.Having worked B.having spent D.spending 17.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.(2015·重慶,11)A.used
C.using
答案 C 解析 考查現在分詞短語作狀語。句意為:就像古時候的水手一樣,鳥能利用太陽和星星找到它們的路。根據語境,use與其邏輯主語birds之間為主動關系,且use表示的動作與主句謂語動作find同時發生。故用v.-ing形式的一般式。
18.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it __________ live is quite another.(2015·浙江,18)A.perform
C.to perform
答案 D 解析 考查現在分詞作補足語。句意為:在家聽音樂是一回事,去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂完全是另外一回事。題干中含有“hear+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,賓語it(指代music)與perform之間存在被動關系,且此處表示去現場聽正在被演奏的音樂,故應用being performed作賓語補足語。
19.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr Lee was very happy to see his mother________ good care of at home.(2015·陜西,18)A.taking
C.take
答案 B 解析 考查過去分詞作補足語。句意為:李博士在非洲進行了兩年的醫療服務,回來后看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好他很高興。此處是“see+賓語+賓語補足語”結構,賓語補足語可以是do,doing或者done。若賓語與補語之間是主動關系,且強調動作發生的全過程,用省略to的動詞不定式,即do;若賓語與補語之間是主動關系,且強調動作正在進行,用doing;若賓語與補語之間是被動關系,用過去分詞作賓補。此處his mother與take good care of之間是被動關系,故選B項。
20.________the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(2015·安徽,27)A.Ignore
B.Ignoring B.taken D.be taken B.performing D.being performed B.having used D.use C.Ignored
答案 B
D.Having ignored 解析 考查現在分詞短語作主語。句意為:忽視這兩個研究結果的不同將是你犯的最嚴重的錯誤之一。從will be one of the worst mistakes you make來看,will的前面部分是主語,因此用v.-ing短語作主語。分詞的完成式不能作主語。
一、??伎键c
1.在“句子,非句子”結構中,非句子部分用非謂語
The teacher devoted his life to his career,making most of his students successful in study.這位老師把他的一生都奉獻給了他的事業,使他的大部分學生在學習上取得了成功。2.在“非句子,句子”結構中,非句子部分用非謂語 Having worked with children,I know what is needed most.和孩子一起工作后,我知道什么是最需要的。
3.在“with+賓語+賓語補足語”結構中,賓語補足語可能用非謂語動詞 With her baby sleeping on her back,the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.這位婦女在打掃富人的房子,她的孩子正睡在她的背上。
4.在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear...等使役動詞或感官動詞后面作賓語補足語時,也可能用非謂語動詞
His sister was made to cry by his taking away her toy.他拿走了妹妹的玩具,把妹妹弄哭了。
二、易錯點梳理
1.表面上考分詞,實際上考形容詞的情況 The man won a big prize,surprised and happy.他中了大獎,又驚喜又快樂。
句中surprised形式上是過去分詞,但已轉化為形容詞,在句中作狀語(或主語補足語)。2.在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題
Dressed in a white skirt,the girl looks like an angel.穿著白色裙子,這個女孩看上去像天使。
dressed是過去分詞,但它沒有被動的意思,而表示“穿著”這一主動意義。3.在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題
Looking tired and weak,the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.這位婦女看起來又累又虛弱,她應該請一天假去看醫生。look在本題中為感官動詞,感官動詞在非謂語中用主動表被動。4.從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題
用逗號隔開的前后兩部分的邏輯主語有時一致,有時不一致。邏輯主語不一致時,非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語,從而構成“分詞的獨立主格結構”。Seen from this angle,the mountain looks like a face of a man.從這個角度看,這座山看起來像一個人的臉。
Time permitting,I’ll go there with you tomorrow afternoon.時間允許的話,明天下午我就和你一起去那里。
5.在“and/or/but+句子”的并列句結構中,可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句,四個選項表面上像非謂語,其實考查的是謂語。Study hard or you will fail in the exam.努力學習,否則你會考試不及格的。
1.Many natural disasters took place across the country,________ severe losses on people’s life and property.(2017·南通一模,28)A.to have brought
C.only to bring
答案 B 解析 句意為:很多自然災害發生在全國各地,結果給人們的生命和財產帶來了嚴重的損失。根據語境可知,設空處應為結果狀語。only to do作結果狀語時,表示出乎意料的結果,不符合本題語境;自然災害的發生造成生命財產的損失是自然而然的結果,應用現在分詞,故選B項。
2.“President Xi and Saudi Arabian King’s talks,” the spokesman continued,“ ________ to several hot issues,witness the friendship of the two countries.”(2017·華庚中學測試,31)A.refer
C.having referred
B.referring D.referred B.only bringing D.having brought 答案 B 解析 句意為:發言人繼續說道,“習主席和沙特阿拉伯國王提及幾個熱點問題的會談見證了兩國的友誼?!?根據語境和句子結構可知,此處應是非謂語動詞作定語修飾talks,talks與refer to...之間存在主動關系,用現在分詞作定語,故選B項。
3.The Three-Body Problem has quickly become the best-selling Asian work of literature on Amazon.com,________ that China also has a successful science fiction scene.(2017·宿遷青華中學月考,29)A.proving
C.to be proved
答案 A 解析 句意為:《三體》迅速成為亞馬遜網站上最暢銷的亞洲文學作品,這證明中國也有成功的科幻小說。proving that...是現在分詞短語作結果狀語,其邏輯主語是前面的整個句子。故選A。
4.To the couple’s great surprise,the house was in a mess as if ________.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,23)A.breaking into
C.broken into
答案 C 解析 句意為:令這對夫婦非常吃驚的是,屋子里一片狼藉,仿佛被強行闖入過。分析句子成分可知,主語the house與break into之間為被動關系,即the house was in a mess as if(it was)broken into,故選C項。5.—What’s the matter with Tim? —Oh,Tim’s cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally,never ________ again.(2017·宿遷青華中學月考,24)A.to find
C.finding
答案 B 解析 句意為:——Tim怎么了?——噢,他的手機不小心忘在出租車上,再也找不回來了。Tim’s cell phone和find之間是被動關系,且find的動作在謂語動詞動作之后,故用動詞不定式的一般被動式,故答案為B。
B.to be found D.being found B.having broken into D.being broken into B.to prove D.will prove 6.In a diverse society,one would expect ________ multiple interpretations of rights.(2017·啟東中學月考,32)A.it being
C.there being
答案 D 解析 句意為:在一個多樣化的社會,一個人總是期望對于權利有多種解釋。此處考查的是expect一詞的非謂語動詞用法,即sb.expect sb.to do sth.以及其與there be句式的混合考法,即生成expect there to be的復合結構。故選D項。
7.The water was now two feet deep,making it difficult,if not impossible,________ the car out.(2017·南京九中模擬,22)A.getting
C.to get
答案 C 解析 句意為:水現在有兩英尺深,即使有可能,也很難把汽車弄出來。動詞不定式作真正的賓語,it是形式賓語,difficult是補足語,故答案為C。
8.Adapted versions of foreign shows have gained massive audiences,thus ________ more Chinese television groups to buy foreign materials.(2017·南京學情調研,28)A.to inspire
C.inspired
答案 B 解析 句意為:根據外國的節目改編的版本獲得了大量的觀眾,從而激勵更多的中國電視集團購買國外的素材。分析句子成分可知,逗號前面為主句,其后為非謂語動詞作結果狀語。結合句意以及thus可知空格處表示自然而然的結果,故選B項。
9.The white building,________ threats to pull it down,is now a private house in the possession of a retired professor.(2017·南通如皋聯考,11)A.to survive
C.surviving
答案 D 解析 句意為:在險些被拆除后,那棟白色建筑現在是一位退休教授的私人房屋。根據句意可知,空格處為非謂語動詞作時間狀語。the white building與survive之間應為主動關系且
B.survived D.having survived B.inspiring D.having inspired B.got D.get B.it to be D.there to be survive先于句子謂語動作發生,故用現在分詞的完成式作狀語,相當于after引導的時間狀語從句,故選D項。
10.Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government,the rest ________ from the coming charity concerts.(2017·南通、揚州、泰州、淮安三模,31)A.to be collected
C.being collected
答案 A 解析 句意為:大多數重建那個遭受地震破壞的城鎮的錢已由政府募集,余下的將來自即將到來的慈善音樂會的募捐。根據句子結構可知,逗號后不能構成句子,應用獨立主格結構。the rest與collect之間存在被動關系;根據the coming charity concerts可知,余下的錢將通過音樂會被募捐,應用動詞不定式的被動結構,故選A項。
11.Women deserve to be treated with dignity and they should make their voices ________ in the world.(2017·鎮江期末,28)A.heard
C.hearing
答案 A 解析 句意為:女性值得被有尊嚴地對待,她們應該讓她們的呼聲被世界聽到。根據句子結構可知,空格處為賓補,make后常用不帶to的不定式作賓補,排除D項;賓語voices與hear之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞heard,故選A項。
12.A wise mother will never get herself into the state of her children ________ to the slightest possibility of danger.(2017·泰州中學摸底考試,26)A.exposed
C.being exposed
答案 C 解析 句意為:明智的母親決不會讓她的孩子置身于一丁點兒危險之中。介詞of后跟動名詞作賓語,her children是動名詞的邏輯主語,且her children和expose之間是被動關系,故用動名詞的被動式,所以正確答案為C。
13.Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,________ heart rate and oxygen consumption.(2017·南京三模,25)
B.exposing D.to be exposed B.having heard D.to be heard
B.having been collected D.to have been collected A.increasing
C.having increased
答案 A
B.to increase D.being increased 解析 句意為:笑會使心臟功能和血液循環產生短期的變化,增加心率和氧氣的消耗。根據語境和句子結構可知,設空處應是非謂語動詞作結果狀語,increase帶有賓語,為主動形式,此處應用現在分詞表示自然而然的結果,故選A項。
14.—Can you tell me what it means by “You can check out any time you like but you can never leave” from the song Hotel California?
—It implies that drug users find themselves ________ in a prison from which they cannot escape.(2017·蘇州調研,28)A.to be trapped
C.trapped
答案 C 解析 句意為:——你能告訴我《加州旅館》這首歌中的“你隨時可以退房,但你永遠無法離去”這句歌詞是什么意思嗎?——它暗示了吸毒者發現他們自己被困在了一個他們無法逃脫的監獄里。分析句子成分可知,themselves與trap之間為被動關系,故選C項。15.—Sharon,why is the man so upset now? —His wallet,mobile phone and ID card ________,the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.(2017·蘇錫常鎮四市一模,27)A.was stolen
C.being stolen
答案 B 解析 句意為:——Sharon,為什么那個人現在那么沮喪?——他的錢包、手機和身份證都被偷了,警察正在調查而且要把他送到社會救助站。根據句子結構可知,設空處所在部分為獨立主格結構,his wallet,mobile phone and ID card與steal之間存在被動關系。being stolen表示正在被偷,與題意不符,應該是已經被偷了,故選B項。
16.________ a record-breaking seven Golden Globes,the musical La La Land surprisingly does not appeal to Chinese viewers.(2017·南京、鹽城二模,33)A.Winning
C.Having won
B.Won D.To win B.stolen D.having stolen B.having trapped D.trapping 答案 C 解析 句意為:在獲得了破紀錄的七個金球獎之后,音樂劇《愛樂之城》卻出人意料地沒有吸引中國的觀眾。根據句子結構可知,此處表示的動作先于句子謂語動作發生,即贏得獎項在先,不吸引中國觀眾在后。having won為現在分詞的完成式,此處作時間狀語,表示動作先于謂語動作發生,故選C項。
17.—What does Nicky’s job involve as a public relations director? —________ quite a lot of time with other people.(2017·蘇北六市聯考,29)A.Spending
C.To spend
答案 A 解析 句意為:——Nicky作為公共關系總監要做什么事呢?——花很多時間和別人在一起。第二個說話人針對問題中的what進行回答,空格處應用動名詞短語,故選A項。
18.________ on the cyberspace issue in a speech at a welcoming dinner in Seattle,Xi Jinping called on all countries to cooperate and draw up Internet policies corresponding with their national conditions.(2016·蘇州一模,26)A.Touched
C.Touch
答案 B 解析 句意為:在西雅圖的歡迎宴會的講話中習近平談及網絡空間的問題時,他號召所有國家合作制定與國情相符的網絡政策。句子主語Xi Jinping與touch on(談及,涉及)之間存在主動關系,應用現在分詞作狀語。
19.There are always some obstacles in the way,something ________ before we realize the real goal of education.(2016·蘇錫常鎮四市一模,26)A.to be got through B.got through C.getting through D.having been got through 答案 A 解析 句意為:總有一些障礙在擋路,一些我們實現真正的教育目標前需要克服的東西。根據句子結構可知,這里需要非謂語動詞作定語修飾something,get through意為“克服”,B.Touching D.To touch B.Having spent D.To have spent something與get through間為被動關系;根據句意可知,“實現真正的教育目標”是將來的事,因此“需要克服的東西”也在將來,故選A。
20.—A new bridge is reported ________ across the river in your hometown.—Yes,and it brings us great convenience.A.to be building
C.to have built
答案 D 解析 句意為:——據報道一座新橋已經被建造在你家鄉的那條河上。——是的,它給我們帶來很大的便利。根據答句的時態可知,橋已經被建造好,故設空處應用完成式,又因為bridge與build之間是動賓關系,故應用動詞不定式的完成被動式。故選D項。
B.to be built D.to have been built