第一篇：The Tragedy of Hamlet（寫寫幫推薦）

Hamlet,Hamlet is also considered the summit of Shakespeare's art.The story comes from an old Danish legend.a dramatic speech uttered by one character speaking aloud while alone on the stage.The soliloquist reveals his or her inner thoughts and feelings to the audience.e.neither a weak-minded youth nor a thought-sick dreamer,a humanist

unbounded love for the world;

cherishes a profound reverence for manfirm belief in man’s power over destiny.? “To be or not to be” soliloquy:

?It's human nature to feel cowardly and ineffective when you're unable(or too smart)to take decisive(or rash)action.? The story

The action of the play is laid in Denmark.Gertrude, queen of Denmark, widowed by the sudden death of the king, within two months marries the late kings brother Claudius who thus becomes the new king.Prince Hamlet, son of the lake king, returns home from the university of Wittenberg.he suspects foul play on the part of Claudius, his uncle.Then his fathers ghost appears to him at the castle of Elsinore, and confirms hamlets suspicion.He undertakes to avenge the murder.To dull Claudius vigilance, Hamlet pretends to have gone mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier, to be an emotional disturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of players visits the castle, and hamlet has a play acted, which resembles the late kings murder.Claudius is deeply disturbed by the performance and leaves the hall before the play is finished.Hamlet is summoned by his mother, who tells him that he has offended the king.Hamlet reveals Claudius baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty

marriage.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.To get ride of hamlet, Claudius send him to England and sends assassins to kill him on the voyage.But hamlet succeeds in coming out of it alive and returns to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, poor Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of Ophelia's funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia's brother.Latertes vows to avenge the death of his sister and father.With him Claudius arranges that Laertes is to challenge hamlet to a friendly duel and kill him with a poisoned rapier.In the sword play, Laertes wounds hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned rapier by hamlet.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot to hamlet.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for hamlet.Hamlet then, in a passion, stabs Claudius.The queen dies, Claudius dies, Laertes dies, hamlet dies.And hamlets body is borne off with military ceremonial, by Fortinbras his successor.The rest is silence.The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark

(1601)《丹麥王子哈姆雷特的悲劇故事》是根據13世紀初丹麥歷史學家 Saxo Grammaticus 的記載，敘述丹麥王子哈姆雷特替父親報仇，殺死他的篡奪王位的叔父的故事。莎士比亞在劇本中改造了丹麥的歷史故事，改造了故事中主人公的性格，創造了哈姆雷特這個復雜深刻的人物。通過這個人物和他周圍環境之間的沖突，莎士比亞反映了文藝復興時期人文主義思想家的理想與資本主義原始積累時期社會現實之間的無法調和的矛盾。劇本中所描述的中世紀的丹麥實際上就是指的16、17世紀的英國，丹麥王子哈姆雷特實際上就是文藝復興時期英國社會進步青年的代表。對于這些青年來說，當時英國的政治、英國的社會真是太黑暗了。難怪哈姆雷特說：丹麥是一所監獄，丹麥是一間最壞的囚室。

Hamlet’s soliloquy

Soliloquy

The Form of Soliloquy

Soliloquy’s Function

? 哈姆雷特的著名獨白探索生和死的問題，指出思想和行動之間的矛盾。這段獨白并不是說明哈姆雷特想借自殺來逃避替父報仇的責任，而是表達了人文主義思想家對生死問題的思考。在這段獨白之前，哈姆雷特已和演員們約好當天夜間在宮中上演一出小戲，特請國王和王后觀賞。他叫演員們演的戲很象他叔父謀害他父親、娶他母親的內容，目的在于觀察他叔父對這出戲的反應，用以證實鬼魂所說關于謀殺的罪行。若經證明他叔父果然是兇手，那么他就要立刻采取行動替父報仇。他焦急地等待著夜晚的來臨，以便進行這個關鍵性的試驗。在這段無事可作的等待期間，他心情更加沉重了。他想到死是一條出路，但是他并未下決心自殺。

? 他權衡著生和死的得失；他想到每個人都掌握著自己的生死命運。拚一死去和罪惡社會作戰呢？還是消極地忍受世間的不平和痛苦？在這里哈姆雷特歷數社會上不平等、非正義的現象。他考慮到拿起武器和罪惡社會作斗爭，采取行動替父親報仇，都可能要付出生命作為代價，因此他想到生存和死亡的問題。死亡可以結束一切塵世間的痛苦，何樂而不為？但是死亡究竟是個謎，死后可能還有來生，來生可能有更多、更可怕的痛苦在等待著我們，如同睡眠中有惡夢一般。由于這個顧慮，人們寧愿忍受漫長的、痛苦的一生，而不肯輕易用一柄小小的刀子來結束自己的生命。因此，顧慮使我們成為懦夫。哈姆雷特從生死問題轉而思索思想和行動之間的關系。思想是指導行動的，但是想得太多卻令人躊躇不前，誤了大事。這是哈姆雷特對自己的警告。

To be or not to be

“To be or not to be” and “Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?” are better-known.This is not to say that it is at all the best or most interesting or most beautiful of the sonnets;but the simplicity and loveliness of its praise of the

beloved has guaranteed its place

Hamlet’s theme

Notes on the soliloquy

? of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later part of this very speech, giving, however, a different reason for refraining.The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life.“To be or not to be” is the key sentence in this soliloquy.“To be” is to continue to live, or to take action.“not to be” is to die, or to do nothing but suffering, to end one’s life by self-destruction.It is a dilemma of trying to determine the meaning of life and death.Is it nobler to suffer the life passively or to die(seek to end one’s sufferings)actively?

Practically the whole of Hamlet’s speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter world weariness.Of course, much of the imagery is not peculiar to Shakespeare or any writer, e.g., the likening of death to starting on a long journey.Take arms against a sea of troubles: to take up arms and rush upon the waves of the sea was a custom attributed by several classical writers to the Celts.The troubles are pictured as advancing like some overwhelming tide.No more: just that, only that, i.e.falling on sleep

Consummation: a completion of ones life, a crowning and fitting endWhat dreams: i.e.the thought of what dreams may comeMortal coil: turmoil of mortality, confused trouble of mortal lifeRespect: consideration= regard

Of so long life: so long-lived

Time: the times, the world, ones contemporaries

Might his quietus make: might give himself his release from life's troubles

Thought: anxiety

And lose the name of action: even as a river may lose itself in a sandy waste and so after its long course never reach the sea: wonderful symbol, indeed, of frustration and failure

? Analysis of Characters of Hamlet? 1.A humanist, free from medieval prejudices and superstitions Infinite love for the world rather for heaven Profound love and respect for man, and a firm belief in man’s power over destiny 2.This humanist love of man makes Hamlet turn to those around him(his father, Ophelia)with the same sincere eagerness.He loves good and hates evil.He shows a contempt for rank and wealth.A king and beggar are all one to him.His democratic tendency is based on his humanist thought.3.Man of superb intelligence, a close observer of men and manners, he easily sees through people.He could penetrate below the surface of things.He is forever.?

? Unmasking the world, he discovers how wicked and unjust the world he lives in is.His observation of his world is summed up in a bitter sentence: “Denmark is a prison.”

? Hamlet is not a mere scholar, simply meditative by nature.On the contrary, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated, a man of profound perception and sparkling wit.He is a scholar, soldier and statesman all combined.His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance.? Hamlet’s melancholy is the result of his penetrating mind.?Hamlet gives a reason.If he kills the villain now, he would send his

soul to heaven;and he would rather kill his soul.? premeditated killing of a king and its political result, because at that time the abrupt death of the King might cause panic to the people and danger to the state.So what he considers now is no longer his personal wrong but the fate of his country.? A Freudian explanation:Oedipus complex