第一篇：高中英語必修1unit5課文

Unit 5

ELIAS’ STORY

My name is Elias.I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.I was twelve years old.It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.I needed his help because I had very little education.I began school at six.The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away.I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.I could not read or write well.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.He told my how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg.I became more hopeful about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could.He said:

“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.”

It was the truth.Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said:

“…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government.We chose to attack the laws.We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful;when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.As a matter of fact, I do not like violence…but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.THE REST OF ELIAS' STORY

You cannot imagine how the name of Robben Island made us afraid.It was a prison from which no one escaped.There I spent the hardest time of my life.But when I got there Nelsom Mandela was also there and he helped me.Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.We read books under our blankets and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words.I became a good student.I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that.Later, Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.They were not cleverer than me , but they did pass their exams.So I knwe I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself.When I finished the four years in prison, I went to find a job.Since I was better educated, I got a job working in an office.However, the police found out and told my boss that I had been in prinson for blowing up government buildings.So I lost my job.I did not work again for twenty years until M r Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.All that time my wife and children had to beg for good and help from relatives or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Islannd.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.I remembered the beatings and the cruelty of the guards and my friends who had died.I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me.They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.So now at 51 I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.

第二篇：高中英語必修五課文

-必修5

Unit 2 The United Kingdom Reading

PUZZLES IN GEOGRAPHY

People may wonder why different words are used to describe these four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.You can clarify this question if you study British history.First there was England.Wales was linked to it in the thirteenth century.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.Next England and Wales were joined to Scotland in the seventeenth century and the name was changed to “Great Britain”.Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.So only Northern Ireland joined with England, Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions.For example, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland have different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!

England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.The zone nearest France is called the South of England, the middle zone is called the Midlands and the one nearest to Scotland is known as the North.You find most of the population settled in the south, but most of the industrial cities in the Midlands and the North of England.Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have world-famous football teams and some of them even have two!It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.For historical architecture you have to go to older but smaller towns built by the Romans.There you will find out more about British history and culture.The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.It is the centre of national government and its administration.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD, the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.There has been four sets of invaders of England.The first invaders, the Romans, left their towns and roads.The second, the Anglo-Saxons, left their language and their government.The third, the Vikings, influenced the vocabulary and place-names of the North of England, and the fourth, the Normans, left castles and introduced new words for food.If you look around the British countryside you will find evidence of all these invaders.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.Using Language

SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.Her first delight was going to the Tower.It was built long ago by the Norman invaders of AD 1066.Fancy!This solid stone, square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.Although the buildings had expanded around it, it remained part of a royal palace and prison combined.To her great surprise, Zhang Pingyu found the Queen's jewels guarded by special royal soldiers who, on special occasions, still wore the four-hundred-year-old uniform of the time of Queen Elizabeth I.There followed St Paul's Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666.It looked splendid when first built!Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting.It contained statues in memory of dead poets and writers, such as Shakespeare.Then just as she came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour.She finished the day by looking at the outside of Buckingham Palace, the Queen's house in London.Oh, she had so much to tell her friends!The second day the girl visited Greenwich and saw its old ships and famous clock that sets the world time.What interested her most was the longitude line.It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation.It passes through Greenwich, so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.The last day she visited Karl Marx's statue in Highgate Cemetery.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.Not only that, but he had worked in the famous reading room of the Library of the British Museum.Sadly the library had moved from its original place into another building and the old reading room was gone.But she was thrilled by so many wonderful treasures from different cultures displayed in the museum.When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country.The next day Pingyu was leaving London for Windsor Castle.“Perhaps I will see the Queen?” she wondered as she fell asleep.Task2: Read the passage and answer these questions: 1.Who built the Tower of London? When was it built?

2.Who guarded the Queen’s jewels? What kind of clothes did they wear?

3.When was St Paul’s Cathedral built?

4.What did Westminster Abby contain?

5.Did she visit the Big Ben?

6.How did Zhang Pingyu finish the first day in London?

7.What could Pingyu see in Greenwich?

8.What interested her most in Greenwich? What kind of line is it?

9.Which places did she visit on the third day?

10.What seemed strange to her?

11.What made her thrilled?

Unit 3 Life in the future Reading

FIRST IMPRESSIONS Spacemall: liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceStation.com

15/11/3008(Earthtime)Dear Mum and Dad，I still cannot believe that I am taking up this prize that I won last year.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.As a result, I suffered from “Time lag”.This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.So I was very nervous and uncertain at first.However, my friend and guide, Wang Ping, was very understanding and gave me some green tablets which helped a lot.Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called “Future Tours”, transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.I can still remember the moment when the space stewardess called us all to the capsule and we climbed in through a small opening.The seats were comfortable and after a calming drink, we felt sleepy and closed our eyes.The capsule began swinging gently sideways as we lay relaxed and dreaming.A few minutes later, the journey was completed and we had arrived.I was still on the earth but one thousand years in the future.What would I find? At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.Just as I tried to make the necessary adjustment to this new situation, Wang Ping appeared.“Put on this mask,” he advised.“It'll make you feel much better.” He

handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest.I felt better in no time.Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.These carriages float above the ground and by bending or pressing down in your seat, you can move swiftly.Wang Ping fastened my safety belt and showed me how to use it.Soon I could fly as fast as him.However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.He was swept up into the centre of them.Just at that moment I had a “time lag” flashback and saw the area again as it had been in the year AD 2008.I realized that I had been transported into the future of what was still my hometown!Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.It had a green wall, a brown floor and soft lighting.Suddenly the wall moved-it was made of trees!I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.“Why not sit down and eat a little?” he said.“You may find this difficult as it is your first time travel trip.Just relax, since there is nothing planned on the timetable today.Tomorrow you'll be ready for some visits.” Having said this, he spread some food on the table, and produced a bed from the floor.After he left, I had a brief meal and a hot bath.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.More news later from your loving son，Li Qiang

Using Language

I HAVE SEEN AMAZING THINGS

My first visit was to a space station considered the most modem in space.Described as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earth's gravity.Inside was an exhibition of the most up-to-date inventions of the 31 st century.A guide(G)showed us around along a moveable path.G:

Good morning to all our visitors from 2008.First we're going to examine one of the latest forms of

communication among our space citizens.No more typists working on a typewriter or computer!No more postage or postcodes!Messages can now be sent using a “thoughtpad”.You place the metal band over your head, clear your mind, press the sending button, think your message and the next instant it's sent.It's stored on the “thoughtpad” of the receiver.It's quick, efficient and environmentally friendly.The only limitation is if the user does not think his or her message clearly, an unclear message may be sent.But we cannot blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we? During the explanation I looked at the pair of small objects called “thoughtpads” on a table.They just looked like metal ribbons.So ordinary but so powerful!While I was observing them, the path moved us on.G:

And now ladies and gentlemen, we are in the “environment area”.People used to collect waste in dustbins.Then the rubbish was sent to be buried or burned, am I fight?(We nodded.)Well, now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.A giant machine, always greedy for more, swallows all the waste available.The rubbish is turned into several grades of useful material, such as “fertilizer” for the fields and “soil” for deserts.Nothing is wasted, and everything, even plastic bags, is

recycled.A great idea, isn't' it? I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency.But again we moved on.G:

Our third stop shows the changes that have happened to work practices.Manufacturing no longer takes place on the earth but on space stations like this one.A group of engineers programme robots to perform tasks in space.The robots produce goods such as drugs, clothes, furniture, hovering carriages, etc.There is no waste, no pollution and no environmental damage!However, the companies have to train their representatives to live and work in space settlements.They have to monitor the robots and the production.When the goods are ready they're transported by industrial spaceship back to earth.My mind began to wander.What job would I do? My motivation increased as I thought of the wonderful world of the future.Unit 4 Making the news Reading

MY FIRST WORK ASSIGNMENT

“Unforgettable”, says new journalist Never will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist.HX: Welcome.We're delighted you're coming to work with us.Your first job here will be an assistant journalist.Do you have any questions? ZY:

Can I go out on a story immediately? HX:(laughing)That' s admirable, but I' m afraid it would be unusual!Wait till you' re more experienced.First we'll put you as an assistant to an experienced journalist.Later you can cover a story and submit the article yourself.ZY:

Wonderful.What do I need to take with me? I already have a notebook and camera.HX:

No need for a camera.You'll have a professional photographer with you to take photographs.You'll find your colleagues very eager to assist you, so you may be able to concentrate on photography later if you' re interested.ZY:

Thank you.Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update

my skills.HX: Good.ZY:

What do I need to remember when I go out to cover a story? HX: You need to be curious.Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.We say a good journalist must have a good “nose” for a story.That means you must be able to assess when people are not telling the whole troth and then try to discover it.They must use research to inform themselves of the missing parts of the story.ZY:

What should I keep in mind? HX:

Here comes my list of dos and don'ts: don't miss your deadline, don't be rode, don't talk too much, but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.ZY:

Why is listening so important? HX: Well, you have to listen for detailed facts.Meanwhile you have to prepare the next question depending on what the person says.ZY:

But how can I listen carefully while taking notes? HX: This is a trick of the trade, If the interviewee agrees, you can use a recorder to get the facts straight.It's also useful if a person wants to challenge you.You have the evidence to support your story.ZY:

I see!Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? HX: Yes, but it was a long time ago.This is how the story goes.A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.We went to interview him.He denied taking money but we were sceptical.So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.When we saw them together we guessed from the footballer's body language that he was not telling the truth.So we wrote an article suggesting he was guilty.It was a dilemma because the footballer could have demanded damages if we were wrong.He tried to stop us publishing it but later we were proved right.ZY:

Wow!That was a real “scoop”.I'm looking forward to my first assignment now.Perhaps I'll get a scoop too!HX:

Perhaps you will.You never know.Using Language

GETTING THE “SCOOP” “Quick,” said the editor.“Get that story ready.We need it in this edition to be ahead of the other newspapers.This is a scoop.” Zhou Yang had just come back into the office after an interview with a famous film star.“Did he really do that?” asked someone from the International News Department.“Yes, I' m afraid he did,” Zhou Yang answered.He set to work.His first task was to write his story, but he had to do it carefully.Although he realized the man had been lying，Zhou Yang knew he must not accuse him directly.He would have to be accurate.Concise too!He knew how to do that.Months of training had taught him to write with no wasted words or phrases.He sat down at his computer and began to work.The first person who saw his article was a senior editor from his department.He checked the evidence, read the article and passed it on to the copy-editor.She began to edit the piece and design the main headline and smaller heading.“This will look very good on the page,” she said.“Where is a good picture of this man?” Then as the article was going to be written in English Zhou Yang also took a copy to the native speaker employed by the newspaper to polish the style.She was also very happy with Zhou Yang's story.“You are really able to write a good front page article,” she said.Zhou Yang smiled with happiness.Last of all, the chief editor read it and approved it.“Well done,” he said to Zhou Yang.“But please show me your evidence so we're sure we've got our facts straight.” “I’ll bring it to you immediately,” said Zhou Yang excitedly.The news desk editor took the story and began to work on all the stories and photos until all the pages were set.All the information was then ready to be processed into film negatives.This was the first stage of the printing process.They needed four negatives, as several colours were going to be used on the story.Each of the main colours had one negative sheet and when they were combined they made a coloured page for the newspaper.After one last check the page was ready to be printed.Zhou Yang waited excitedly for the first copies to be ready.“Wait 611 tonight,” his friend whispered.“I expect there will be something about this on the television news.A real scoop!” Unit 5 First aid Reading

FIRST AID FOR BURNS

The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ.You have three layers of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun's harmful rays.The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool;it prevents your body from losing too much water;it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious.First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of bums.Causes of burns You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation(by being close to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.Types of burns There are three types of burns.Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.◎ First degree burns

These affect only the top layer of the skin.These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two.Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent.◎ Second degree burns These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin.These bums are serious and take a few weeks to heal.Examples include severe sunburn and bums caused by hot liquids.◎ Third degree burns

These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.Characteristics of burns First degree burns

◎ dry, red and mildly swollen

◎ mildly painful

◎ turn white when pressed Second degree burns

◎ rough, red and swollen

◎ blisters

◎ watery surface

◎ extremely painful Third degree burns

◎ black and white and charred

◎ swollen;often tissue under them can be seen

◎ little or no pain if nerves are damaged;may be pain around edge of

injured area.First aid treatment 1

Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.Take off other clothing and jewellery near the burn.2

Cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water.It is best to place burns under gently running water for about 10 minutes.(The cool water stops the burning process, prevents the pain becoming unbearable and reduces swelling.)Do not put cold water on third degree burns.3

For first degree burns, place cool, clean, wet cloths on them until the pain is not so bad.For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not so bad.4

Dry the burned area gently.Do not rob, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.5

Cover the burned area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick to the skin.Hold the bandage in place with tape.Never put butter, oil or ointment on bums as they keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6

If bums are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if possible.If bums are on the face, the victim should sit up.If the injuries are second or third degree bums, it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.Using Language HEROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD

Seventeen-year-old teenager, John Janson, was honoured at the Lifesaver Awards last night in Rivertown for giving lifesaving first aid on his neighbour after a shocking knife attack.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the life of another.John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.When he and his father rushed outside, a man ran from the scene.They discovered that Anne Slade, mother of three, had been stabbed repeatedly with a knife.She was lying in her front garden bleeding very heavily.Her hands had almost been cut off.It was John's quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved Ms Slade's life.He immediately asked a number of nearby people for bandages, but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slade's hands.He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.“I'm proud of what I did but I was just doing what I'd been taught,” John said.John had taken part in the Young Lifesaver Scheme at his high school.When congratulating John, Mr Alan Southerton, Director of the Young Lifesaver Scheme said, “There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.” Before receiving their awards last night, John and the nine other Life Savers attended a special reception yesterday hosted by the Prime Minister.

第三篇：高中英語必修1unit4課文

Unit 4 Earthquakes Reading

A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN'T SLEEP

Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky.The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky.In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst，but the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.At 3:42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if the world was at an end!Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.One-third of the nation felt it.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.Steam burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.The suffering of the people was extreme.Two-thirds of them died or were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.But how could the survivors believe it was natural?Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.All of the city's hospitals,75%of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves.No wind,however,could blow them away.Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again.Half a million oigs and millions of chickens were dead.Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.More buildings fell down.Water,food,and electricity were hard to get.people begab to wonder how long the disaster would last.All hope was not lost.Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers.Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.To the north of the city,most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.Fresh water was taken to the city bu train,truck and plane.Slowly,the city began to breathe again.Office of the City Government

Tangshan,Hebei China

July5,2007

Dear____，Congratulations!We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.Your parents and your school should be very proud of you!

Next month the city will open a new park to honour those who died in the terrible disaster.The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to have you speak to the park vistors on July 28 at 11:00 am.As you know,this is the day the quake happened thirty-____years ago.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.Sincerely，Zhang Sha

第四篇：高中英語必修1_課文翻譯

高中英語必修1 課文翻譯

第一單元 友誼

Reading

安妮最好的朋友

你是不是想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你，會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮?弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，于是她就把日記檔成了她最好的朋友。

安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則他們就會(huì)被德國納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時(shí)間里，她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說，“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個(gè)朋友稱作基蒂”。安妮自從1942年7月起就躲藏在那兒了，現(xiàn)在，來看看她的心情吧。

1944年6月15日星期四

親愛的基蒂：

我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里，這一切都變了。

??比方說，有天晚上天氣很暖和，我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮耍也桓掖蜷_窗戶。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)吹雨打，雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚??

??令人傷心的是??我只能透過臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然，窗簾懸掛在沾滿灰塵的窗前，但觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。

你的安妮

Using Language

Reading and

親愛的王小姐：

我同班上的同學(xué)有件麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好，我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂意相互幫助。我們成了非常好的朋友。可是，其他同學(xué)卻開始在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢？

莉薩

Reading and writing

尊敬的編輯：

我是湖州高中的一名學(xué)生。我有一個(gè)難題，我不太善于同人們交際。雖然我的確試著去跟班上的同學(xué)交談，但是我還是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候我感到十分孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道該怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感激的。

曉東

第二單元 世界上的英語Reading通向現(xiàn)代英語之路

通向現(xiàn)代英語之路

16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬到7百萬人說英語，幾乎所有這些人都生活在英國。后來，在17世紀(jì)英國人開始航海征服了世界其它地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國家開始說英語了。如今說英語的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。請(qǐng)看以下例子：

英國人貝蒂：“請(qǐng)到我的公寓（flat）里來看看，好嗎？”

美國人艾米：“好的。我很樂意到你的公寓（apartment）去。”

那么，英語在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展，有所變化。首先，在公元450年到1150年間，人們所說的英語跟今天所說的英語就很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語不那么像德語了。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的英國的統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語后來講法語。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語語言，特別是在詞匯方面。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。在1620年，一些英國人搬遷到美洲定居。后來，到了19世紀(jì)，有些英國人也被送往澳大利亞，兩個(gè)國家的人都開始說英語了。

最后，到20世紀(jì)，英語才真正定形。那時(shí)，英語在拼寫上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先，塞繆爾?約翰遜編寫了詞典，后來，諾厄?韋伯斯特編纂了《美國英語詞典》，后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。

現(xiàn)在，英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語或第二語言來說。比如說，印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人，這是因?yàn)橛?765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。在那期間，英語成了官方語言和教育用語。在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲其它國家，比如南非，人們也說英語。目前在中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。事實(shí)上，中國可能擁有世界上最多的英語學(xué)習(xí)者。中國英語會(huì)發(fā)展出自己的特色嗎？這只能由時(shí)間來回答了。Using Language

Reading and talking

什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語？是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎？信不信由你，（世界上）沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽出人們?cè)谡f話時(shí)的差異。

當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美國有些地區(qū)，即使是相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩地人所說的語言都可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹耸莵碜允澜绺鞯氐木壒省?/p>

地理位置對(duì)方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國東部山區(qū)的某些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當(dāng)美國人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區(qū)的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國。雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常搬遷，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。

第三單元 游記Reading

沿湄公河而下的旅程

第一部分夢(mèng)想與計(jì)劃

我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛昂貴的山地自行車，然后還說服我買了一輛（山地車）。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟——在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀衛(wèi)和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長(zhǎng)大，湄公河在中國境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，在其他國家（境內(nèi)）叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對(duì)騎車旅游產(chǎn)生了興趣。大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車旅行。我問我姐姐：“我們要去哪兒？”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐。現(xiàn)在她正在為我們的旅行制定計(jì)劃。

我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。于是，我就知道這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我不停地問她，“我們什么時(shí)候出發(fā)？什么時(shí)候回來？”我還問她是否看過地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過——我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是，我告訴她，湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。我說，我們的旅行將從5, 000多米的高地出發(fā)，這時(shí)她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。

在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到一本大型地圖冊(cè)，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河發(fā)源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動(dòng)。它穿過深谷時(shí)就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。

有時(shí)，這條江形成瀑布，進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們倆驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國，流出高地之后，湄公河就變寬了，變暖了，河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速減緩，河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過低谷，流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。

Using Language

Reading and speaking

沿湄公河而下的旅程

第二部分 山中一宿

雖然是秋天，但是西藏已經(jīng)開始下雪了。我們的腿又沉又冷，感覺就像大冰塊。你看到過雪人騎自行車嗎？像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。上山很艱難，而下山卻很好玩。等我們到達(dá)山谷，天氣就暖和多了，我們不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和長(zhǎng)褲換成T恤衫和短褲。然后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)較冷的高地時(shí)，我們又得換衣服。剛到傍晚，我們就停下來宿營(yíng)，先把帳篷支起來，然后吃飯。晚飯后，王薇就去睡覺了，而我卻睡不著。半夜里，天空變得清朗了，星星很亮。山里非常安靜——那天晚上幾乎沒有風(fēng)，只有篝火的聲音。我們已經(jīng)走得很遠(yuǎn)了，馬上就要到達(dá)云南的大理。在那里，我們的表兄弟刀衛(wèi)和宇航將加入我們的行列。我們迫不及待地想要見到他們！

四單元 地震

Reading

地球的一個(gè)不眠之夜

河北省東北部的農(nóng)村不斷有些怪事發(fā)生：三天來，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。農(nóng)夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫，裂縫里冒出臭氣。農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。魚缸和池塘里的魚會(huì)往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空沒有飛機(jī)，在唐山城外也可以聽到飛機(jī)聲。在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。

在凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃起來。世界似乎到了末日！二十世紀(jì)最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里處發(fā)生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震，全國1 / 3的地方都有震感。一條8公里長(zhǎng)30米寬的巨大裂縫橫穿房舍、馬路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸氣。石頭山變成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。人們?cè)馐艿臑?zāi)難極為深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。成千上萬個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。

幸存的人們又怎么能相信這是自然現(xiàn)象呢？人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。所有的市內(nèi)醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。殘磚就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著大地，然而它們是不可能被風(fēng)刮走的。兩座大壩垮了，多數(shù)橋梁不是塌了就是無法安全通行了。鐵軌如今成了一條條廢鋼。好幾萬頭牛再也擠不出奶來。50萬頭豬和幾百萬只雞全都死了。井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。接著，在下午晚些時(shí)候，又一次和第一次一樣的強(qiáng)烈的地震震撼著唐山。有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、電和食物都很難弄到。人們開始納悶，這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久。

不是所有的希望都破滅了。地震后不久，部隊(duì)派了15萬名戰(zhàn)士到唐山來協(xié)助救援人員，數(shù)十萬的人得到了救助。部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。在唐山市的北邊，有一個(gè)萬名礦工的煤礦，其中多數(shù)人得救了。援救人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，用火車、卡車和飛機(jī)向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來了水。慢慢地，這座城市又開始出現(xiàn)了生機(jī)。

Using Language

Reading, writing and speaking

中國河北

唐山市政府辦公室

200（）年7月5日

親愛的________：

恭喜你！我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的中學(xué)演講比賽中獲得第一名。評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講今年最好的。你的父母親和你的學(xué)校會(huì)為你而驕傲！

下個(gè)月我們市將開放一個(gè)新公園，以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們，并向那些曾經(jīng)為幸存者提供過幫助的人們致敬。我們辦公室想請(qǐng)你在7月28日上午11點(diǎn)給來公園的參觀者進(jìn)行演講。你知道，三十（）年前的這一天正是唐山發(fā)生地震的日子。在這個(gè)特殊的日子里，我們邀請(qǐng)你把家人和朋友一起帶來。誠摯的張沙

第五單元 納爾遜·曼德拉——一位當(dāng)代英雄Reading

伊萊亞斯的故事

伊萊亞斯的故事

我的名字叫伊萊亞斯。我是南非的一個(gè)窮苦的黑人工人。第一次見到納爾遜?曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。（當(dāng)時(shí)）我才12歲，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。他為那些窮苦黑人提供法律指導(dǎo)。他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。

由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的幫助。我六歲開始上學(xué)，我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。我不得不輟學(xué)，因?yàn)槲业募彝o法繼續(xù)支付學(xué)費(fèi)和交通費(fèi)。我既不太會(huì)讀，也不怎么會(huì)寫。幾經(jīng)周折，我才在一家金礦找到一份工作。然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可。糟糕的是我沒有這個(gè)證件，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢锍錾模液軗?dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。

納爾遜?曼德拉給予我?guī)椭哪且惶焓俏乙簧凶罡吲d的日子。他告訴我要想在約翰內(nèi)斯堡立住腳，應(yīng)當(dāng)如何獲取所需證件。我對(duì)自己的未來又充滿了希望。我永遠(yuǎn)也忘記不了他對(duì)我的恩情，當(dāng)他組織了非國大青年聯(lián)盟時(shí)，我馬上就參加了這個(gè)組織。他說：“過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。”

他說的是真話。當(dāng)時(shí)黑人沒有選舉權(quán)，他們無權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。他們不能做自己想要做的工作。他們所能住的城區(qū)都是由白人決定的。他們被打發(fā)去住的城外地區(qū)是南非最貧窮的地區(qū)。在那兒，沒有人能夠種莊稼。事實(shí)上，就像拉爾遜?曼德拉所說的：

“??我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。我們選擇向法律進(jìn)攻。首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律，而當(dāng)這種方式也得不到允許時(shí)，??只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。”

事實(shí)上，我并不喜歡暴力，??但是在1963年的時(shí)候，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽恰Ｄ鞘呛芪ｋU(xiǎn)的事情，因?yàn)槿绻冶蛔プ×耍赡芫蜁?huì)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。但是，我樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑溃@是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。

Using Language

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伊萊亞斯的故事續(xù)篇

你無法想象羅本島這個(gè)名字聽起來多么令我們恐懼。那是一座任何人也逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。在那里我度過了我一生中最艱難的歲月。但是我到那里時(shí)，納爾遜·曼德拉也在那兒。從某種意義上講，這倒幫了我的忙。曼德拉先生為我們那些幾乎沒有上過學(xué)的人開辦學(xué)校。他在午餐后的休息時(shí)間以及晚上本來該睡覺的時(shí)間教我們學(xué)習(xí)。我們躲在毯子下面讀書，我們用可以找到的任何東西作蠟燭來看書。我成了一名好學(xué)生，想要為我的學(xué)位而學(xué)習(xí)，但是別人不允許我這樣做。我知道我是夠聰明的，并且有能力拿到學(xué)位。曼德拉先生讓獄卒參加我們一起學(xué)習(xí)。他說他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利。他們并不比我更聰明，卻通過了考試，因此我就知道我也能夠拿到學(xué)位。這讓我覺得自己還不錯(cuò)。

在監(jiān)獄里呆完四年之后，我去找工作。因?yàn)槲沂苓^比較好的教育，我得到了一份坐辦公室的工作。可是警察局發(fā)現(xiàn)了，告訴了我們那個(gè)行業(yè)的重要人物，說我因?yàn)檎ㄕ髽嵌^牢。于是我失業(yè)了。在曼德拉和非國大于1994年掌權(quán)之前，我有20年沒有工作。在此期間，我的妻兒只得從親戚朋友處討飯吃，并乞求幫助。幸虧曼德拉先生還記得我，給了我一份工作，叫我?guī)е眯袌F(tuán)去參觀羅本島上我住過的那座舊監(jiān)獄。第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時(shí)，我的心情很不好。我回憶起那時(shí)所有的恐怖和令人畏懼的情景。我記起了獄卒的鞭打和暴行，我想到了我那些死去的朋友，我覺得我不能做這份（導(dǎo)游的）工作。但是我的家人卻鼓勵(lì)我，他們說，從南非新政府得到的這份工作和薪餉，是我畢生為爭(zhēng)取黑人的平等權(quán)利而斗爭(zhēng)所得到的回報(bào)。現(xiàn)在，我51歲了，我還能給參觀者介紹有關(guān)監(jiān)獄的情況，對(duì)此我感到非常驕傲，因?yàn)槲以?jīng)為黑人在自己的國土上爭(zhēng)取自由而出過力。

第五篇：高中英語必修一課文翻譯

我上高中的一天

我叫李康，住在石家莊，一個(gè)距離北京不遠(yuǎn)的城市。它是河北的省會(huì)。今天是我上高中的第一天，我正在記載我的一些想法。

我的新學(xué)校很好，我能看出這是為什么。老師們非常熱情友好，教室令人驚奇。每間教室都有一臺(tái)電腦，配有特別的屏幕，幾乎和電影屏幕一樣大。老師們?cè)陔娔X上打字，這樣他們打出的字就顯示在他們身后的屏幕上。屏幕上海能顯示圖片，文本及來自網(wǎng)上的信息。它們真是太棒了。

英語課確實(shí)很有趣。老師是一位非常熱情的叫沈老師的女士。我們使用新課本，并且沈老師的教學(xué)方法與我的初中老師的教學(xué)方法完全不同。她認(rèn)為閱讀理解很重要，不過我們課堂英語也講得很多。我們上課很快樂。我認(rèn)為我是不會(huì)對(duì)沈老師課厭煩的。

今天我們討論互相自我介紹

。我們是以小組討論式進(jìn)行的。有些學(xué)生起初有些尷尬，不過每個(gè)人都很友善，這真是好。沈老師給我們提出要求，然后我們自己活動(dòng)。

沈老師想幫助我們提高拼寫和書寫水平。我們用拼寫游戲和其他活動(dòng)這類有趣的方式來進(jìn)行。我很喜歡她的態(tài)度，其他學(xué)生的行為表明他們也喜歡她。

我班上有65個(gè)學(xué)生，比我原來初中班上的人數(shù)多。學(xué)生中49人是女生。換句話說，女生的人數(shù)是男生的三倍。他們說通常女生比男生學(xué)習(xí)更努力，但在這個(gè)班上，每個(gè)人都很努力。作為我們今晚的家庭作業(yè)，我們寫一篇描述我們所住街道的文章。

我的新教師 常言道第一印象非常重要，李老師給我的第一印象是緊張而且害羞。我想她那時(shí)可能就是這樣，因?yàn)槟鞘撬o我們上的第一堂課。但現(xiàn)在，兩周之后，全班同學(xué)都很喜歡上她的課了。她既和藹又有耐心，而且她講解英語語法如此清楚，以至于連我都明白。她避免使你感到自己很愚蠢。說英語時(shí)我一直很討厭出錯(cuò)或發(fā)音有誤。可是李老師只是笑笑，這樣你就不會(huì)感到自己很蠢。我想可能對(duì)于成績(jī)好的學(xué)生來說，她講的有點(diǎn)慢，但是對(duì)我來說卻極好。我覺得我會(huì)在她的課上取得進(jìn)步的。

我猜陳老師快60歲了，她非常嚴(yán)厲——除非她要求我們（講話），否則我們一句話也不敢說。她也很嚴(yán)肅而且不大愛笑。當(dāng)她要你做什么事情時(shí)，你一定要馬上做。我們班有幾個(gè)學(xué)生上課老遲到，可是上陳老師的課他們一直都很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。我們班有些同學(xué)不喜歡她，但是我們大多數(shù)人真的很佩服她，因?yàn)樗v課非常有條理，也很清楚。甚至還有幾個(gè)學(xué)生表示喜歡她。在做科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，她講解的很確切，因此我的學(xué)習(xí)不斷進(jìn)步。雖然物理永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)是我最喜歡的學(xué)科，但是我想由陳老師教我，我在考試中取得好成績(jī)。

吳老師只教了我們兩個(gè)星期就已經(jīng)很受歡迎了。我想這是因?yàn)樗娴南矚g語文數(shù)學(xué)——應(yīng)該是熱愛。他總是充滿活力，這是一節(jié)你不會(huì)睡覺的課。我覺得他大約28歲，長(zhǎng)得相當(dāng)帥。他聲音洪亮而且說話快，他興奮的時(shí)候還會(huì)揮舞雙手。他非常有趣，覺得我們感到厭煩時(shí)就講笑話。上吳老師的課，即使向作文和總結(jié)這樣的東西都充滿了樂趣。我很敬重他。

我的首次火車之旅

我的名字叫愛麗絲.湯姆遜。我來自澳大利亞的悉尼，我18歲了。最近，我首次乘一列長(zhǎng)途列車旅行。這次旅行真棒。我和我的朋友乘的著名的Ghan列車。我們?cè)谙つ嵘宪嚕诎顾蛊樟窒萝嚕『迷诎拇罄麃喌闹行模谐趟那Ф嗬铩Ｎ覀冊(cè)诨疖嚿隙冗^了兩天兩夜。

這列火車非常不錯(cuò)，吃的食物相當(dāng)棒。我們吃的美味飯菜是由烹飪專家做的。旅途的前幾百公里景色非常豐富多彩。有土地，土壤是紅色的。然后就是沙漠，太陽照耀著，沒有一絲風(fēng)，天空也沒有云彩。突然，它看起來好像另一個(gè)時(shí)代的某個(gè)地方。我們看到被遺棄的農(nóng)莊，這些農(nóng)莊的建立史有一百多年。

乘這列火車是舒服的，車上的人也很友好。在白天，我做在車?yán)锟创巴猓袝r(shí)和別的乘客說說話。我讀書，聽漢語磁帶。一天晚上，大約是午夜，差不多有一個(gè)多小時(shí)我都在注視著夜晚的天空。星星像鉆石一樣閃爍。

為什么這列火車叫Ghan？很久以前，澳大利亞人需要一種通往國家中部的途徑，他們?cè)囘^馬，可是馬不適合炎熱的天氣和沙地。一百五十年前，他們從阿富汗帶回來一些駱駝。Ghan 是阿富汗的縮寫。

對(duì)于長(zhǎng)途跋涉而言，駱駝比馬好得多。許多年以前，訓(xùn)練有素的駱駝運(yùn)出事物和其他供給物，然后帶回羊毛和其他產(chǎn)品。

阿富汗人和他們的駱駝穿梭其間，直到20世紀(jì)20年代。后來，政府建了一條新的鐵路線，因此他們不再需要駱駝了。1925年，他們通過了一項(xiàng)法律，如果這些動(dòng)物成了麻煩，就允許人們可以射殺它們。1935年，一個(gè)鎮(zhèn)的警察曾在一天內(nèi)在一天內(nèi)射殺了153頭駱駝。

因特網(wǎng)的發(fā)展歷程

Internet是全世界最大的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它起源與美國國防部高級(jí)研究計(jì)劃局ARPA 于1968年主持研制的用于支持軍事研究的計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)網(wǎng)ARPANET。ARPANET建網(wǎng)的初衷在幫助那些為美國軍方工作的研究人員通過計(jì)算機(jī)交換信息，它的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)基于這樣一種主導(dǎo)思想：網(wǎng)絡(luò)要能夠經(jīng)得住故障的考驗(yàn)而維持正常工作，當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的一部分因受攻擊而失去作用時(shí)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)的其他部分仍能維持正常通信。

1985年當(dāng)時(shí)美國國家科學(xué)基金NSF為鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)，共享他們非常昂貴四臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)主機(jī)，希望通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)把各個(gè)大學(xué)和研究機(jī)構(gòu)的計(jì)算機(jī)與這些巨型計(jì)算機(jī)連接起來。開始他們想用現(xiàn)成的ARPANET，不過他們發(fā)覺與美國軍方打交道不是一件容易的事，于是他們決定利用ARPANET發(fā)展出來叫TCP/IP 的通訊協(xié)議自己出資建立名叫NSFNET 的廣域網(wǎng)。由于美國國家科學(xué)資金的鼓勵(lì)和資助，許多大學(xué)、政府資助的研究機(jī)構(gòu)，甚至私營(yíng)的研究機(jī)構(gòu)紛紛把自己的局域網(wǎng)并入NSFNET。這樣使NSFET在1986年建成后取代ARPANET成為Internet的主干網(wǎng)。

90年代初期，隨著WWW的發(fā)展，Internet 逐漸走向民用，由于WWW良好的界面大大簡(jiǎn)化了Internet操作的難度，使得用戶的數(shù)量急劇增加，許多政府機(jī)構(gòu)、商業(yè)公司意識(shí)到Internet，這樣Internet上的點(diǎn)數(shù)大大增長(zhǎng)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的信息 五花八門、十分豐富。如今Internet已經(jīng)深入到人們生活的各個(gè)部分，通過WWW瀏覽、電子郵件等方式，人們可以及時(shí)地獲得自己所需的信息。Internet大大方便了信息傳播，給人們帶來了一種全新的通訊方式，可以說Internet是繼電報(bào)、電話發(fā)明以來人類通訊方式的又一次革命。

一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)的城市 XL：又見到你真是太好了，約翰。

JM：見到你真高興，你知道的，自從上次我們見面 到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)6年了。這是我第一次參觀你的家鄉(xiāng)。

XL：對(duì)，你能來這兒我很高興。

JM：你知道，我已經(jīng)看過中國的一些地方，游覽過一些美麗的城市，但這是我到過的最吸引人的地方之一。這兒充滿生機(jī)，每個(gè)人看起來都那么友好。

XL：是的，每個(gè)人都說這兒是沿海最有趣的的城市之一。生活在這里我感到很幸運(yùn)。我喜歡住在海邊。

JM：你住在廈門的西北部，對(duì)不對(duì)？ XL：是的，你說對(duì)了。JM：這兒氣候怎么樣？

XL：夏天想當(dāng)炎熱潮濕，但冬天會(huì)很冷。

JM：對(duì)我來說聽起來不錯(cuò)。這到處都有很多游客。難道他們不讓你厭煩嗎？ XL：是的，因?yàn)橄奶煊慰吞嗔耍赡軙?huì)挺煩的。JM：奧，看看那棟高大的公寓樓。

XL：是的，那樓剛完工。那里公寓的租金很高。JM：我相信你，這一地區(qū)的現(xiàn)代化程度很高。

XL：對(duì)，這是商業(yè)區(qū)。最近他們建起了許多高樓大廈，還有一些大型購物中心。看，我們剛經(jīng)過一個(gè)，我妻子剛經(jīng)過一個(gè)。我妻子剛從那的一個(gè)商店里買了一件漂亮的衣服。

JM：也許我可以在那買些禮物。

XL：明天我?guī)闳ァ，F(xiàn)在我們就要離開商業(yè)區(qū)，接近海港了。我們要進(jìn)入西區(qū)，這里是全市最有趣的地方，有一些特別漂亮的公園。

JM：看起來真漂亮。剛剛穿過這片水域的是鼓浪嶼島嗎？ XL：是的，它是一個(gè)美麗的海島，島上有一些非常有趣的建筑。

JM：他們是這樣跟我說的。你覺得我們停下來，四處走一會(huì)兒怎么樣？

XL：好，我正有此意。我們可以把車停在那兒，一個(gè)朋友告訴我，附近有一家不大但挺不錯(cuò)的魚餐館。我去那吃午餐怎么樣？ JM：聽起來是個(gè)好主意，我快餓死了。