第一篇：高級英語上冊完整教案_張中載_外語教學與研究出版社

高級英語（上）

Lesson One

Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society 背景知識（Background knowledge）

Rock Music A form of popular music that is characterized by a pronounced, amplified beat.Electric guitars are almost always the main instrumental sound source.The modem rock band's basic elements are one or more vocalists, an electric lead guitar and bass guitar and drums.A rhythm guitar is often included, and many bands also use keyboards.“Rock-and-roll” was coined in the mid-1950' s by a Cleveland broadcaster, Alan Freed, to replace “rhythm-and-blues”——a term that Freed thought had too many racial overtones'.(It was being called “race music” in some quarters at the time.)Rhythm-and-blues was itself an updated, urbanized stylization of the blues, which had been developed mainly by rural or country-oriented black musicians.When the music was renamed rock-and-roll, it also underwent an elemental change, particularly when white performers saw how eagerly young audiences responded.“White” music——that is essentially conventional popular music with a decided country-and-western flavor——was blended with rhythm-and-blues, and young people continued to hold a proprietary attitude about it.Rock went through its share of phases and participated in a number of pop culture fads.課文要義（Main idea of the text）

The author focuses on the social influences of the rock music in terms of sociology.By contrasting different attitudes toward the rock among the young and adult audience, the author points out that rock is served as an expression of social ideas, and also provides a debating stage for different ideas.Rock 'n' roll stars express the young generation's viewpoints on various political and social problems, and also help the society see its own beliefs and attitudes, and express the young men's feelings and hope.詞匯(Vocabulary)1.sprinkle: v.scatter or throw sth.in small drops or particles etc.on(a surface);spread

Every morning the sanitation workers sprinkle water on the dusty streets.每天早上清潔工人都要往塵土飛揚的街道上灑水。

Sprinkle sand along the icy path.把沙撒在冰封的路上。

2.adulation: n.excessive admiration or praise;flattery

The magazine is full of the fan' s adulation of their favorite pop stars.雜志上充滿了歌迷 對他們所喜愛的歌手的吹捧。

adulate: v.flatter He respected science without adulating it.他尊重科學而不迷信科學。

3.reject: v.put aside, throw away, as not good enough to be kept;refuse to accept The ides that the earth is flat was rejected centuries ago.地球是扁平的理論幾百年前就被否決了。

The army doctors rejected several recruits as unfit.軍醫拒收幾名新兵，認為他們身體不合格。

4.embody: v.express or give visible form to ideas, feelings, etc.;include or contain sth.To me, he embodies all the best qualities of a teacher.在我看來，他身上體現了教師應有的一切優秀品質。

It' s necessary for the officials to embody principles in actions.對官員們來說，用行動體現原則很有必要。

5.editorialize: v.announce editorial

All the local papers editorialized on the subject.當地所有報紙都對這一問題發表了社論。Youth editorialized against depriving poor children of opportunities to be educated.青年報發表社論反對剝奪貧窮孩子受教育的機會。

6.bewilderment: n.state of being confused.The child watched the noisy crowd in bewilderment.孩子目瞪口呆地看著嘈雜的人群。

bewilder: v.confuse

The city traffic often bewildered me when I was young.小時候，城市交通常使我不知所措。

7.urge: v.push or drive on, press sth.with requests and arguments

He urged that we should go.(He urged us to go.)他催我們走。

They urged direct use of troops to try to suppress the movement.他們敦促使用軍隊鎮壓這場運動。

8.drive: n.energy;capacity to get things done He is a young man with brains, drive and initiative.他年輕，有頭腦，有精力，還有進取心。

The new headmaster is lacking in drive.新校長缺乏魄力。

9.celebrate: v.praise;honor

Today his words and deeds are celebrated throughout the land.今天他的言行受到全國人民的贊頌。

The deeds of many heroes are celebrated by poets.許多英雄的行為受到詩人的贊美。

10.mirror: v.reflect as in a mirror

The trees were mirrored in the still water of the lake.靜靜的湖水映出岸上的樹木。The decline in his influence mirrors a drop in his prestige.他的影響減弱反映出他的威信下降。短語(Expressions)1.dressed in sth: wearing sth.The bride was dressed in white.新娘穿一身白色的禮服。

They wanted to be dressed in clothes of virtue.他們想穿得道貌岸然。

2.act out: perform action which represent, and may help to release, the fears, etc

She acted out the role of wronged lover to make him feel guilty.她裝扮作受冤枉的情人，好讓他感到內疚。

The actress has acted out the heroine's part in detail.女演員把女主人公這個角色細膩地表現出來。

3.rather than: by preference or choice

These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.這鞋不好看，但很舒服。

Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.與其讓蔬菜爛掉，他干脆以半價賣掉了。

4.sing of: to speak, tell about, or praise in poetry or songs

The poet sang of victory.詩人歌頌勝利。

They sang of his brave deeds.他們稱頌他的英勇行為。

5.in return: as repayment

He gave her some roses in return for her kindness.他送她一些玫瑰花答謝她的好意。

How much did he give you in return for your bicycle? 他買你的自行車給了你多少錢？ 6.conceive of: form an idea in the mind

It is difficult to conceive of traveling to the moon.很難想象去月球旅行的情景。I can't conceive of your allowing the child to travel alone.我想不通你為什么讓孩子獨自旅行。

詞語辨析(Word analysis)1.adulation, admiration adulation: excessive admiration or praise, flattery 奉承

He received adulations from many people.他受到許多人的奉承。admiration: feeling of respect, warm approval 欽佩，佩服

She was filled with admiration for his courage.她對他的勇氣充滿敬意。

2.argue, debate argue: give reasons for or against sth.esp.with the aim of persuading sb.爭論

The lawyers argued the case for hours.律師們對這個案子辯論了幾個小時。

debate: formally argue, esp.defend one’s position and attack his opponent’s point of view 辯論

The House of Representatives debated the proposal for three days.眾議院就這個提案辯論了三天。3.arrogant, proud arrogant: showing too much pride in oneself and too little consideration for others 傲慢 It’s arrogant of you to assume you’ll win every time.你自以為每次都能贏，未免太自大了。

proud: feeling or showing just or reasonable pride 驕傲

We are proud of our country.我們為祖國感到驕傲。

4.conceive, imagine conceive: form an idea, plan, etc.in the mind, often used in the phrase “conceive of sth.” 想到

The ancients conceived(of)the world as flat.古人認為地球是扁的。

imagine: form a mental image of sth.想象

Can you imagine what it would be like to live without electricity? 你能想象出生活中沒有電會是一幅什么樣的情景嗎？ 5.confuse, bewilder confuse: make sb.unable to think or act clearly 使……糊涂

They confused me by asking so many questions.他們提了一大堆問題，把我都弄糊涂了。bewilder: confuse, esp.by the presence of many different or complicated things at the same time 因太復雜而使……不知所措，糊涂

I was totally bewildered by the clues to this crossword puzzle.這個縱橫字謎的提示完全把 我弄糊涂了。6.ideal, idealistic ideal: satisfying one’s idea of what is perfect, most suitable, unrealistic 理想的，不切實際的

It is the ideal weather for a holiday.這是度假的理想天氣。These are ideal plans for reform.這些都是不切實際的改革計劃。

idealistic: of idealism or of person who has high ideals 理想主義的，理想主義者的 He is too idealistic as a politician.作為政治家，他太理想主義了。

7.mix, blend mix: put together tow or more things to make sth.else 混合

You mix flour and water to make paste.你把面粉與水和在一起，調制成面糊。

blend: mix thoroughly 融合

Blend blue and yellow, and you’ll get green.把藍色和黃色混合，就可以得到綠色。8.ramble, rumble ramble: walk for pleasure with no special destination 漫步，散步

I like rambling in the country.我喜歡在鄉間漫步。

rumble: make a deep heavy continuous sound 發出隆隆聲

I heard thunder rumbling in the distance.我聽見遠方雷聲隆隆。

難句理解（Sentence comprehension）

1.They think he’s sick, sick, sick.They think he is disgusting.（They think his performance is disgusting.）

他們覺得他的表演太惡心。

2.Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.Horowitz regards the rock music arena as a sort of arguing place, where people with different ideas can argue with each other.霍洛威茨把搖滾樂舞臺視為一種爭辯的論壇，一個各種思想交鋒的場所。

3.Newspapers editorialized against him.Newspapers carry the editor’s articles criticizing him.報紙刊登文章抨擊他。

4.Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded.Most of the older audience were against it, but most of the younger audience were for it.大多數成年觀眾皺眉不滿，而大多數年輕觀眾則鼓掌歡迎。

5.He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation.He touched on change and the confusion of the elder people in his songs.他唱到變革和老一代的困惑。

6.The Beatles urged peace and piety.The Beatles strongly advocated peace and piety.甲殼蟲樂隊敦促和平與虔誠。

課文翻譯(Translation of the text)

超級搖滾巨星

—— 關于我們自己和我們的社會，他們告訴我們些什么？

搖滾樂是青少年反叛的音樂。

一— 搖滾樂評論家約翰·羅克韋爾

由其崇拜的人即可知其人。

—— 小說家羅伯特·佩恩·沃倫

1972年6月中旬的一天，芝加哥圓形露天劇場里觀眾如潮，群情激昂，狂搖猛擺。臺上，滾石樂隊的米克·賈格爾正在演唱“午夜漫步人”。演唱結束時評論家唐·赫克曼在現場。他說：“賈格爾抓起一個裝有半加倫水的罐子沿著舞臺前沿跑動，把里面的水往前幾排狂熱的聽眾身上灑。他們蜂擁地跟隨他，熱切地希望能淋上幾滴這洗禮的圣水。”

1973年12月下旬的一天，大約一萬四千名尖聲叫喊的歌迷在華盛頓市外的首都中心劇場嘈雜地涌向臺前。美國的恐怖歌星艾利斯·庫珀正要結束自己表演。他借助斷頭臺假裝結束自己生命來結束表演。他的“頭”落人一個草籃中。“啊！”一個穿黑衣服的女孩驚呼道，“啊，太了不起了！”十四歲的邁克·玻利也在場，但他的父母并不在。“他們覺得他令人惡心，”邁克說，“他們對我說，‘你怎么能忍受那種東西？’”

1974年1月下旬的一天，在紐約州尤寧代爾的拿騷體育館里，鮑勃·狄倫和樂隊正在為音樂會上用的樂器調音。場外瓢潑大雨中，搖滾樂迷克利斯·辛格正等著入場。“這是朝圣，”克利斯說，“我應該跪著爬進去。”

你是如何看待所有這些溢美之詞與英雄崇拜？當米克·賈格爾迷們把他視為至高的神父或神明時，你是贊成他們還是反對他們？你和克利斯·辛格一樣對鮑勃·狄倫懷有幾乎是宗教般的崇敬嗎？你認為他或狄倫步入歧途了嗎？你是否嫌艾利斯·庫珀表演惡心而不接受他？還是你莫名其妙地被這個怪異的小丑吸引，因為他表現了你最瘋狂的幻想？

這并非是些隨便問問的問題。有些社會學家認為，你對這些問題的回答，很能說明你在想些什么，社會在想些什么。換句話說，可以說明你和社會的態度。“音樂表現其時代，”社會學家歐文·霍洛威茨說。霍洛威茨把搖滾樂的舞臺視為一個辯論的論壇，一個各種思想交鋒的場所。他把它看作是一個美國社會努力為自己的情感與信念進行解釋與再解釋的場所。他說：“重新解釋是一項只有青年人才能完成的任務。是他們將創造與夸張．理性與 行動，文字與聲音，音樂與政治結合起來。”

作曲家兼演唱家托德·倫德格倫同意這個看法。他說：“搖滾樂與其說是一種音樂力量，不如說是一種社會心理的表現。甚至連艾爾維斯·普雷斯利也并非真正是一種偉大的音樂力量，只不過是艾爾維斯體現出了五十年代青少年那種失落的精神狀態。”當然普雷斯利震動了美國的成人世界。報紙發表社論抨擊他，電視網禁止播放他的節目。但艾爾維斯也許證實了霍洛威茨和倫德格倫的看法。當他通過埃德·沙利文主持的星期日晚間娛樂節目出現在千百萬觀眾面前時，一場“大辯論”就展開了。大多數成年觀眾皺眉不滿，而多數年輕觀眾則拍手歡呼。

搖滾樂評論家們說，從艾爾維斯到艾麗斯，許多搖滾歌星幫助我們的社會闡述了其信仰與態度。鮑勃·狄倫觸動了不滿的神經，他唱到民權，核擴散物以及孤獨，他唱到變革和老一代人的迷惑。他唱道：“這里正發生著什么事，你卻不知道是什么事，是不是，瓊斯先 生？”

其他人也加人到辯論中來。霍洛威茨說，甲殼蟲樂隊借助幽默，可能還有麻醉品的微弱之力來敦促和平與虔誠。滾石樂隊，傲慢的街頭斗士，則要求革命。杰斐遜飛機樂隊演唱的“我們能夠聯合”和“志愿者（來一場革命）”則是激進青年的進一步的聲明。

但是政治并不是六十年代強硬派搖滾樂所辯論的唯一主題。情感，作為任何音樂表現中常有的部分，也是一個重要題目。詹妮絲·喬普林歌唱自己的悲哀。甲殼蟲樂隊唱出愛與恨之間一系列感受。以后又出現了狄倫的搖滾樂隊，他們把鄉村音樂和西部音樂所表現的較為傳統的觀念與強硬派搖滾樂的較為激進的“都市”觀念融合在一起。霍洛威茨認為這一鄉村音樂的成份有助于為聽眾表達“逃避現實”，“回到往昔”的強烈愿望。當前最能說明霍洛威茨觀點的例子之一是約翰·丹佛。他最著名的歌曲“陽光照在我肩上”、“高高的落基山”和“鄉間小路”把民間搖滾樂的音樂氣魄與力量結合了起來，而歌詞則贊美了“美好往昔”的淳樸和歡樂。

諸如此類的例子不勝枚舉。這些搖滾樂音樂家和所有的藝術家一樣，反映出時代的感情和信念，我們可以借此認識并形成自己的情感與信念。

我們用什么來回報他們呢？當然是掌聲與贊揚。在1972年的一次全國性民意測驗中，中學里百分之十以上的男生，百分之二十以上的女生說他們最崇拜的人是超級搖滾巨星。我們還給他們金錢以回報。一份名為《福布斯》的商業雜志說：“當今成為百萬富翁的最快捷的途徑是當搖滾歌星。”

當今的英雄們一—至少他們中的一部分人一—告訴我們，他們喜歡所得的報償。“我暗自嘲笑這些先生們和女士們，他們從沒想到過我們會成為擁有億萬財富的寵兒。”那位獨特的“文化英雄”艾利斯·庫柏這樣唱道。

可是重大問題仍然是：為什么他成為文化英雄？他，或者當前其他任何成功的搖滾歌星，他們會讓我們對他們的歌迷們有些什么了解？對我們自己和我們的社會有些什么了 解？我們的社會現在怎樣，過去怎樣；將來又會怎樣？

補充練習（Supplementary exercises）

Read the following passage and answer the questions: For two years the biospherians held their silence.Locked inside a palatial l l/4-hectare glass-and-steel structure outside Oracle, Arizona—hut connected to the outside world by telephone, television, computer and fax—they heard the reports hinting at scandals and cull connect ions.They read the accusations of scientific fakery.They watched the parade of embarrassing—and sometimes inaccurate— disclosures: the “hidden” food Stash, the duffel bag of covert supplies, the fresh oxygen pumped in from outside.But through it all, almost nothing was heard from the four men and four women living within the $ 150 million prototype space colony called Biosphere 2.Until now.Having completed their sojourn inside the largest self-sustaining ecosystem ever built—and having set a world record for time spent in a sealed environment—the Biospherians were more than ready last Sunday to come back to planet earth, or, as they call it, Biosphere l.Just before their release?they finally began to speak out.For observers outside(including 600 tourists a day who spent as much as $ 12.95 to peer through the glass), it is as if laboratory animals suddenly started to describe life inside the maze.What did they talk about first? Food.From interviews conducted during the last week inside, it is dear that the Biospherians(who lost, on average, 13.5% of their weight)became obsessed with food—with growing it, gathering it, preparing it, consuming it.The plan was that the Biospherians would grow their own abundant supplies of fruit and vegetables.But their garden was designed by the crew's doctor, Roy Walford who advocates longevity through an extremely low-calorie diet.As a result, they were often hungry---a situation that seems to have put everyone but Walford on edge.Tempers flared when the chili sauce got too hot.Crockery got thrown the day peanut rations were announced.A crew member who cooked a distasteful green sauce once too often was warned that the next time it was served he would wear it.There was plenty to get upset about.Two years of unusually cloudy weather cast a pall over the entire operation.The hummingbirds died, and so did the finches.The bees failed to pollinate the squash, and mites feasted on the beans and white potatoes.One crew member, Jane Poynter lost a fingertip in a thresher accident,(she was whisked out for emergency treatment and then returned.)The rest came down with assorted complaints: diarrhea, back pain, eye and urinary-tract infections and a cold that made the rounds until there was no one left to catch it.The crew members were chronically Overworked and, until the oxygen supply was replenished after 16 months, had less and less energy to work with.To liven up the drudgery, they used any excuse to celebrate: a beach party near the ocean habitat, a picnic on a blanket in the savanna, a dress-up party in clothes suddenly two sizes too big.Some of the researchers who ridiculed Biosphere 2.are now making the pilgrimage to Arizona to see why so much oxygen disappeared(apparently some of it was consumed by microbes in the soil and some combined with limestone in the concrete).In five months eight more adventurers who see the power of Biosphere 2 will pass through the.air locks.The period of their confinement has been mercifully cut from two years to one.palatial a.宮殿似的，宏偉的 stash n.存放處，貯藏處 duffel bag 行李袋 hummingbird n.蜂鳥

finch n.雀科鳴禽（如燕雀）

pollinate vt.給……傳授花粉 thresher n.脫粒機，打谷者

1.Choose the correct answer according to the content：(1)The Biospherians were suspected of ______.A.being linked to some religious group

B.hiding food supply in the duffel bags C.unknowingly falling victim to commercialism D.being prevented from speaking their mind(2)Biosphere 2 is______.A.an exact copy of Biosphere 1 B.a genuinely self-sustaining ecosystem C.a sealed ecosystem imitating the earth

D.a space colony high above the earth(3)What bothered the Biospherians most seemed to be _____.A.the bad weather

B.the bad diet C.their bad press

D.their bad reputation

(4)The Biospherians must also have been provided _____.A.a new supply of oxygen

B.a new supply of clothes C.a new supply of peanut D.a new supply of crockery(5)Their clothes appeared much too loose-fitting probably because _____.A.they went on a low-calorie diet

B.they lost too much weight C.they suffered from diarrhea D.they attended a dress-up party

I.課后練習答案

A.Answer the following questions on the text: 1.They emphasize the theme of the article and they are appropriate.2.The author attempts to illustrate that there are completely different ideas about Rock Music between the young people and the adult.3.Rock music can express its times.He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4.Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.5.Bob Dylan spoke of civil rights, the Beatles urged peace and piety, and the Rolling Stones demanded revolution.6.Apart from politics, the rock music also deals with feelings.7.They got applause, praise and money.8.No, he hasn’t.He wants the readers to think it carefully.B.Translate the following into Chinese: 1.他說：“賈格爾拿著裝有半加侖水的罐子沿著舞臺前沿跑動，把水灑到前幾排狂熱的觀眾身上。

2.你如何看待這種贊美和英雄崇拜？

3.你是不是莫名其妙地被這個怪異的小丑所吸引，因為他表現出你最瘋狂的幻想。4.一些社會學家認為你對這些問題的回答很能說明你在想些什么，你的社會在想些什么。換句話說，就是可以說明你和社會的態度。

5.只不過是艾爾維斯設法體現了50年代青少年那種失落的精神風貌。6.感情，作為任何音樂形式的一個組成部分，是個永恒的主題。

7.這一鄉村氣息，赫羅威次感到，幫助聽眾表達了一種“逃避現實”，“重歸往昔”的愿望。

8.在1972年進行的一次全國性民意調查中，有10％以上的高中男生和20％以上的女生把搖滾巨星視為自己的偶像。

C.Fill in the blanks in each sentence with the best word or expression from the box below, changing its for when necessary.1.embodied

2.act out

3.sprinkled

4.sweltering

5.idle

6.rejected

7.rather than

8.Reverence D.Choose the right word or expression in the brackets to complete each of the following sentences 1.debating

2.proud

3.mix, blend

4.conceive

5.were dressed 6.idealistic

7.admiration

8.rumbling E.Explain the underlined words in English 1.disgusting, 2.The editor wrote against him.3.the confusion of the old people 4.stress on peace and piety 5.the poems praise the simple joys of life 6.reflect feelings and benefits 7.a place where various ideas are confronted and noisily debated 8.other successful rock stars recently

F.Translate the following into English Rock music began in America in the late 1950' s.It was not only a new musical form, but a debating forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life.In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate.All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society.The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, the Rolling Stones and so on.They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped.G.Write a short passage I agree that rock is the music of the teenage rebellion.First, rock music turns out to be a great attraction mainly to the teenagers rather than to the adults.The super rock star, Elvis Presley was praised and applauded by the younger generation, while he was criticized by editorials, banned by TV networks and refused by the older generation.Second, the rock music was adored and even worshiped mainly by the teenagers rather than by adults.Alice Cooper’s ending of his act by pretending to end his life with a guillotine was considered marvelous by a young girl dressed in black.Fourteen-year-old Mike Perlie went to attend the rock concert, while his parents didn't, who thought Alice Cooper was sick and find it hard to bear his singing.According to one national opinion poll conducted in 1972, more than 10% of high school boys and 20% of the girls regarded a super rock Star as their hero.補充練習答案

1.1.B

2.C

3.B

4.A

5.B

Lesson Two

Four Choices for Young People

背景知識（Background knowledge）

Stanford University It is a private, coeducational institution of higher learning in Stanford, California.It was founded in 1885 by Leiand and Jane Stanford, after the death of their only child.Stanford maintains branch campuses in France, Italy, Germany, Austria, and England.About half of its undergraduates study overseas at them for six-month periods.Advanced-study centres are maintained in Japan, Taiwan, and several other countries.The departments of the university are organized into schools of law, medicine, education, engineering, business, earth sciences, and humanities and sciences.The students, nearly equally divided between undergraduates and graduates.課文要義（Main idea of the text）

The author points out such kinds of social problems as social disorder, poverty, injustice and war.The young generation is doubtful and dissatisfied with the society.They take various ways to express their attitudes and beliefs.Some of them drop out of the traditional society and refuse to take any social responsibility, living an undignified kind of parasitic life.Some of them flee from cities, living a primitive life in the desolated country.Some of them even try to change the society by force.Even though they might succeed eventually, they cannot make their dreams realized, but only to resume the old way of life under a new name of the state.The best choice for the young people to make is to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.詞匯（Vocabulary）

1.expedient n.means of achieving an aim 權宜之計，應急手段

adj.to be useful for a purpose 有用，可取

They resorted to various expedients to get the money together.他們采取了各種應急辦法籌款。

Aspirin is useful expedient for dulling minor pain.阿司匹林是緩解較輕疼痛的有用應急藥物。

In times of war governments do things because they are expedient.戰爭時期政府做一些事情，是因其有利。

expedience(cy)n.suitability for a purpose 適宜，有利

Act from expedience, not from principle.因有利而行事，并非根據原則。2.distasteful adj.disagreeable, unpleasant 討厭的，令人不快的 distasteful behavior 討厭的行為

a distasteful incident 使人不快的事 It is distasteful to me to have to say this.我不得不這樣說，使我很不愉快。distaste n.dislike 不喜歡，討厭

He turned away in distaste.他厭惡地轉過臉。3.symbolize v.make use of a symbol for 象征 Dove symbolizes peace.鴿子象征著和平。

The poet has symbolized his lover with a flower.那詩人用花象征他的愛人。

symbol n.image or object that suggests sth.else 象征，標志 The lion is the symbol of courage.獅子是勇武的象征。

symbolic adj.using a symbol 象征(性)的

The cross is symbolic of Christianity.十字架是基督教的象征。

4.contribute v.give one’s share of(money, help, advice, etc.)to help a joint cause, 捐助，貢獻

Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.人人都應盡自己的能力作貢獻。

The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to the discussion.主席鼓勵大家參與討論。5.disillusionment n.freedom from illusions 幻滅，醒悟

disillusionment of Americans with the American way of life 美國人對美國生活方式的幻滅

The best young men in their disillusionment will drift to other jobs.最優秀的青年在失望之余將離職去干別的工作。

disillusion v.set free from mistaken beliefs 使覺醒，使幻想破滅

They had thought that the new colony would be a paradise, but they were soon disillusioned.他們原以為新殖民地是一個天堂，但不久便從幻想中覺醒。

6.accomplish v.succeed in doing sth., finish successfully 實現，完成

He is a man who will never accomplish anything.他是一個永遠一事無成的人。

We can accomplish whatever you can accomplish, and with better results.你們能做到的事情，我們也能做到，而且會做得更好。7.remedy

v.put or make right(anything bad)糾正，補救

The situation could not be remedied.情況已無可挽救。

We are prepared to do whatever necessary to remedy the losses.我們準備采取一切措施彌補損失。

n.a way of curing(pain or disease);a way of setting right(anything bad)消除病痛的治療；糾正不良事物的方法

I often use herbal remedies.我常用草藥治病。

He found a remedy for his grief in constant hard work.他找到了排憂解愁的方法，就是一刻不停地努力工作。

8.loom v.appear in an indistinct and often threatening way;appear important or threatening 隱約出現（顯得令人生畏）；顯得重要或令人生畏

The mountains loomed blue-green over the valley.影影綽綽的蒼翠山巒俯視著山谷。

The prospect of war loomed large in everyone’s mind.戰爭將起的龐大陰影威懾人心。9.clutter v.fill or cover sth.in an untidy way 胡亂填滿、塞滿

Don’t clutter up my desk.I’ve just tidied it.不要在我的書桌上亂放東西，我剛收拾好。

His head is cluttered with useless facts.他滿腦子雜七雜八的閑事。10.dwindle v.become gradually less or smaller 逐漸變少或變小

Their savings have dwindled away to nothing.他們的存款已減少到分文不剩。

My voice dwindled into silence.我的聲音越來越弱，最后一點也聽不見了。短語(Expressions)1.do without:(oft.Used with can and could)manage without sb./ sth.沒有也行

He can’t do without the service of a secretary.他不能沒有秘書的協助

If we can’t afford a car, we’ll just have to do without one.我們要是買不起車，也就只好不用了。

2.strike sb.as sth.: have an effort on sb.;impress sb.對某人產生效果；給人留下印象

The plan strikes me as ridiculous.我覺得這個計劃荒謬可笑。

The house strikes you as welcoming when you go in.這所房子一進去就感到很舒服。

3.drop out(of sth.): withdraw from conventional society;leave school, etc.without finishing one’s courses 脫離傳統社會；中途退學

Hippies dropped out completely.嬉皮士們完全逃避社會現實。

She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later.她得到了劍橋大學的獎學金，但一年以后就退學了。

4.come off:(of a plan, scheme, etc.): have the intended effect or result;take place 成功；達到預期目標

His attempt to break the world record really came off.他想要打破世界記錄，也接近成功。

The film doesn’t quite come off.這部電影不很成功。5.cleanse sb.of sth.: make thoroughly clean 徹底清洗

She felt cleansed of her sin after confession.她懺悔之后覺得自己的罪洗清了。

The minister’s soothing words cleansed my heart of guilt.牧師的一席話消除了我的負罪感。6.break down: collapse;cease to function because of a mechanical or electrical fault;lose control of one’s feelings 瓦解；失效；感情失控

Our car broke down on the freeway.我們的汽車在高速公路上拋錨了。

He broke down and wept when he heard the news.他聽了這個消息，不禁失聲痛哭起來。7.down on sb.: gradually become clear to someone’s mind;become evident to sb.逐漸明白

It finally dawned on me that he had been lying.最后我才明白他一直在撒謊。

The truth finally dawned on him.他最終明白了真相。8.on one’s hands:

resting on ones as a responsibility 有本人負責

She has a large family on her hands.她有許多子女要照顧。

He has got much time on his hands.他有許多時間可以自由支配。9.for all: in spite of;despite 盡管

For all you say, I think she’s the best teacher we’ve got.不管你怎么說，我仍然認為她是我們最好的老師。

He has great power and wealth, but is still unhappy for all that.他有錢有勢，盡管如此他并不愉快。

10.run out of sth）:(of a supply of sth.)be used up, finished;(of a person)use up or finish 用完，耗盡

We are running out of petrol.我們的汽油快用完了。

Our time is running out.我們剩下的時間不多了。

11.batten on sb./ sth.thrive or live well at the expense of sb./ sth.損及別人或某物以利己

She avoided having to work by battening on her rich relatives.她仗著她那有錢的親戚而不必工作，得以坐享清福。

The capitalists batten on the blood of the workers.資本家靠榨取工人的血汗養肥自己。

詞語辨析(Word analysis)1.sight, glance

sight: n.ability to see;action of seeing 視力；看見

Some drugs can affect your sight.有些藥物會影響視力。

Their first sight of land came after ten days at sea.他們在海上十天之后首次看到陸地。glance: n.quick look 一瞥

She walked off without a glance in my direction.她揚長而去，都不朝我這兒看一眼。2.relevant, relative

relevant: connected with what is being discussed, what is happening, what is being done 有關的，切題的

the facts relevant to the case 與案件有關的事實

I don’t think his remarks are relevant to our discussion.我認為他的話不切我們的議題。relative: having a connection with sth;referring to sth.與某事有關的，涉及某事的 the facts relative to the problem 與問題有關的事實

Keep your comments relative to what is under discussion.把你的發言集中在正在討論的問題上。

區別：relevant 可用作定語，如：a highly relevant suggestion 密切相關的建議

relative 作定語只用于語法術語，如：a relative pronoun 關系代詞 3.exasperate, exhi;arate

exasperate: irritate or annoy(sb.)greatly 激怒，惱怒

That child exasperated me.那孩子讓我很生氣。

She was exasperated at / by his stupidity.她因為他愚笨而發怒。exhilarate: make sb.feel very happy or lively 使人愉快或活躍

We felt exhilarated by our walk along the beach.我們沿著海灘散步感到心曠神怡。

4.noisome, noisy

noisome: offensive, disgusting 令人不快的，令人討厭的

They are most noisome politicians of that century.他們是那個世紀最令人厭惡的政客。

noisy: full of noise 喧鬧的，嘈雜的

I can’t work in here----it’s far too noisy.我無法在這里工作，太吵了。5.live, inhabit

live: vi.make one’s home 居住，住

live at home, in London, in a flat 住在家中，倫敦，公寓

inhabit: vt.live in, occupy 居住于，占據

He inhabited a small two-room flat.他住在一套兩室的小公寓里。6.clutter, jumble

clutter: fill or cover sth.in an untidy way 胡亂地塞滿或覆蓋

Don’t clutter（up）my desk----I’ve just tidied it.不要在我的書桌上亂放東西，我剛收拾好。jumble: mix in a confused way 胡亂混在一起

Toys, books, shoes and clothes were jumbled(up)on the floor.玩具，書，鞋，衣服都雜亂地堆在地上。8.appeal, attraction

appeal: ① earnest request 懇求，呼吁 ② attractiveness, interest 吸引力，興趣

The mayor launched an appeal the public to give blood to the victims of the disaster.市長向公眾呼吁為災難的受害者獻血。

This kind of music hasn’t much appeal for me.這種音樂對我沒什么吸引力。

attraction: action or power of attracting 吸引，吸引力

The television has little attraction for me.電視對我沒什么吸引力。9.wholesome, healthy

wholesome: good for one’s health or well-being 有益于健康的 plain but wholesome meals 清淡而有益于健康的飯菜

Milk is very wholesome.牛奶對健康大有好處。

healthy: having good health 健康的

a healthy child, tree 健康的孩子，茁壯的樹木

難句理解（Sentence comprehension）

1.Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries.It’s obvious that he states the views of a lot of people of his time.顯然他道出了許多同齡人的看法。

2.The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running things.Probably it is caused by the adults who have been controlling the world.對此承擔責任的應該是那些一直掌管大事的成年人。3.This strategy also has ancient antecedents.Our ancestors also conducted this practice to run away from cities.這種策略也有古老的先例。

4.A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life---but in general the stream of migration of flowing the other way.Only some rich men can escape to the countryside.They own farms but hire others to do most of farming.But generally speaking people are moving in a large number from the countryside to the cities.盡管有少數富有的鄉紳仍可逃離城市，遁入田園，但總的遷徙趨勢還是從鄉村到城市。5.It has the even greater appeal of simplicity: “Since this society is hopelessly bad, let’s smash it and build something better on the ruins.”

This strategy is simple so that it has the even greater attraction.As this society is ruined without any hope, we’d rather destroy it and build a better one instead.這一策略由于簡單，因此具有更大的吸引力：“既然這個社會已經壞到毫無希望的地步，那就讓我們砸碎它，在它的廢墟上建起一個更加美好的世界。”

6.Instead it dawns on a familiar, workaday place, still in need of groceries and sewage disposal.Instead people still take up the work as before, need the same food to live on and the same waste disposal.勝利的曙光還是灑在一個熟悉的，平凡庸碌的地方，仍需要食品雜貨和污水處理的地方。7.At first glance, this course is far from inviting.When examined for the first time, this way is lacking in attraction.乍一看，這一途徑毫無吸引力。

8.So Jim Binns’ generation has a formidable job on its hands.But not, I think, an insuperable one.So Jim Binns’ generation has a difficult job to cope with.But I don’t think it can’t be overcome.因此吉姆·賓斯這一代人肩負著極其艱巨的任務，但我認為這并不是無法完成的任務。

課文翻譯(Translation of the text)

年輕人的四種選擇

斯坦福大學畢業班班主席吉姆·索斯怨他畢業化不久給我寫了一封信，談了他的一些疑慮。信上說：“我們這一代比其他任何一代人都更加以懷疑的態度來看待這個成人世界??而且也越來越傾向于完全否定那個世界。”

很顯然他的話代表了他的許多同齡人的看法。在過去他幾年中，我傾聽過大學內外許多個年輕人的談話，他們對成人世界同樣感到不安。大致說來，他們的態度可以歸納如下：“這個世界一片混亂，充滿了不公正，貧窮和戰爭。對此承擔責任的應該是那些一直在掌管大事的成年人。如果他們做得不好，他們又能拿什么來教育我們這一代人呢？我們不需要這類教導也行。”

我覺得這些結論是合情合理，至少以他們的觀點來看是這樣。對于成長中的一代人來說，與此相關的問題不是我們的社會是不是不完美（我們可以視此為理所當然），而是如何來對待它。盡管這個社會嚴酷且不合理，但它畢竟是我們所擁有的唯一的世界。因此年青 人所要做的第一個決定就是選擇一種策略來對付這個世界，通常這也是他們一生中最重要的一個決定。就我所能看到的，只有四種基本選擇：

一、脫離社會

這是最古老的辦法之一，任何年齡的人，在任何地方，無論用不用幻覺劑都可以使用這種方法。那些覺得這個世界太殘酷、大復雜，因而無法忍受的人總是選擇這種策略。按其含義來說，這種生活方式是寄生性的，奉行此道的人蔑視這個社會并拒不承擔任何社會責任，卻以這樣或那樣的方法依賴社會過寄生生活。我們中的一些人對此感到厭惡——認為這是一種不體面的生活，但對于既缺乏精力又缺少自尊的精神懦弱者來說，這可能是現有的最能忍受的選擇。

二、逃避現實

這種策略也有其古老的先例。自從有了文明以來，就有許多人試圖逃離文明世界，希望能找到一種比較樸素的。宣言田園風俗的，更安寧的生活。與脫離社會者不同，他們不是寄生者，他們愿意自食其力，并為集體做出點貢獻，但是他們就是不喜歡文明的世界，也就是說不喜歡那充滿丑惡與緊張的大城市。

這一解決方式的問題在于它已不能大規模地加以實踐。令人遺憾的是我們的星球上高尚的野蠻人與未被法污的自然風光越來越少。除了極地地區，未開發的地方已無處可覓。少數特別富有的鄉紳還能遁入田園生活，但是總的說來遷移的潮流是在向相反的方向流動，即從鄉村流向城市。

三、策劃革命

對無法容忍民主決策過程的單調沉悶的運作方式，或者相信只有武力才能改變基本 制度的人來說，這一策略總是很受歡迎。它吸引著每一代青年人中較為積極，較具理想主義的人。對于他們來說，這種策略具有傳奇色彩，通常以某個英勇無比，魅力超凡的人物為其象征。

這一策略由于簡單，因此具有更大的吸引力：“既然這個社會已經壞到毫無希望的地步，那就讓我們砸碎它，在它的廢墟上建起一個更加美好的世界。”

在我最好的朋友中有些是革命者，其中一些人過著心滿意足的生活。這些人的革命并未成功，他們還可以繼續興致勃勃地策劃他們的屠殺，直到老朽。還有些人英年早逝，死在監獄里，或暴尸街頭。但最不幸的是那些革命成功的人，他們活在幻想的破滅之中，看到他們建立新機構與他們所推翻的舊機構一樣冷酷無情，死氣沉沉。

當然，我并不是說革命都一無所成，有些革命（美國革命，法國革命）確實使事物有所改進。我要說的只是無論成敗與否，干革命的理想主義者注定要失望，因為即使在最好的情況下，他們勝利的曙光也從未照耀在他們夢想的，清除了人類一切卑鄙行經的燦爛的新世界上，而是灑在一個熟悉的，平凡庸碌的地方，仍需要食品雜貨和污水處理的地方。無論在什么樣的政治標簽下，革命的國家也得由營銷，衛生工程，官僚機構的行家們去治理，而不是由那些激進的浪漫主義者們去治理。

對于決心尋求更加可行的方法改造社會，而不是通過武裝革命的理想主義者來說，還有另外一種選擇。

四、力圖逐漸改變世界，一次改造一點

乍一看，這一途徑毫無吸引力。它缺乏魅力，收效不快。它依靠的工具是惱人的、不可靠的說服與民主決策。它需要耐心，而人們往往缺乏耐心。這種方法唯一的長處是有時真起作用——在一個特定的時間和地點，與其他可選的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行為。

至少歷史上的證據似乎證明了這一點。在我大學畢業的時候，我們那一代人也發現世界一團糟，幾乎在所有的地方經濟體制崩潰。整個國家，大約有四分之一的人口失業，一場大戰似乎在所難免。當時我作為大學報紙的編輯，也像今天的學生積極分子一樣，強烈反對這一切。

同時，我們那一代人也逐漸發現，改造世界就像在亞平寧山區打仗，你剛占領一條山脈，另一條山脈又在你面都赫然聳現。三十年代的大問題剛剛有所控制，新的問題又取而代之：富裕社會中出現的新問題，如種族平等、保持城市適于居住、對付在陌生的偽裝下的戰爭等問題。最令人不安的是我們發現的人口爆炸問題。我們突然間明白了在我們所居住的尤如一艘小小的宇宙飛船的星球上，乘客數目大約每四十年翻一番。只要地球上的人口不停地以這種似癌細胞增長的速度增加，那么其它一切問題便根本無法解決。我們的城市將繼續變得更加擁擠喧囂，景色將變得更加混亂，空氣和水變得更臟。對每個人來說，生活質量都可能會持續惡化。而如果過多的人不得不為不斷減少的食物份額與生存空間進行斗爭的話，那么戰爭的升級看來是不可避免的。

因此吉姆·賓斯這一代人肩負著極其艱巨的任務，但我認為這并不是無法完成的任務。過去的事實證明，可以用以前對付困難問題的同樣方法來處理這個問題——通過許多人的不懈努力，一點一點地，注重實效地加以解決。

補充練習（Supplementary exercises）

“Islamic law is very good for the equality of woman,” said Dr.Badria al-Awadhi, Kuwait’s first woman law professor, “but the people who interpret the Islamic law are men.And they try to do it in a way that is right for them and not for us.”

“Us” are the women of Kuwait, many of whom are becoming educated, some of whom have professional careers, and none of whom is allowed to vote.Like women in other westernizing Third World societies, Kuwaiti females are demanding their rights and overturning conventions.But in a country where until recently women were shrouded behind black veils, progress can be agonizingly slow.“We are the sacrificial generation, ”Dr.al-Awadhi said.“We wanted to prove ourselves as women, that we are equal, that we could do the same job as men.But at the same time, we lost one thing—the family.Most of us in this position, I could say, are not married.”

Dr.Badria al-Awadhi, the first female dean of Kuwait University's School of 1aw and Shariah(Islamic law), is in a profession totally dominated by men.At 35, she is responsible for a law.school faculty of 42 men.With a doctorate in international law and a wide record of publications, Dr.al-Awadhi said her male colleagues, many of whom are non-Kuwaitis, didn't resist that much.But like all pioneers, she paid a price.“I feel that I gave up making my own family for my degree,” said the doctor of law at her desk in the cavernous office.“I had to balance two things—a husband and children or this career.I prefer to be a career woman.Men my age didn't want to marry a woman who was on the same level as them,” she said while her two male secretaries brought papers to sign.“ They took those lower than them.Society in the Arab east looked on a man very badly if his wife was on the same level as him.” Educated women even found difficulties with prospective mothers-in-law.“When you marry here, you marry the whole family,” said Dr.al-Awadhi.“The husband usually took the wife to live with his family.So if you're a man and you have a very educated wife and your mother doesn't know how to read—well, it is very difficult.” The problems she faced may not confront Dr.al-Awadhi's female students.Females make up 51 percent of Kuwait University's students, and they attend classes wearing the latest fashions of Paris and Rome.“Before, a man had to choose between educated and non-educated, ”Dr.al-Awadhi said.“Now almost all young women are educated.A man doesn't have choice anymore.” Dr.al-Awadhi was one of six children of a wealthy Kuwaiti trader, who died when she was young.Her elder brother, now Kuwait's minister of health(1980), pushed her and her sisters to take up a profession.When the parliament is in session.Dr.al-Awadhi lobbies the all-male leadership of Kuwait to grant women the right to vote and hold office.Islamic a.伊斯蘭教的

Kuwaiti a.科威特的n.科威特人 shroud v.覆蓋，掩蔽 cavernous a.洞穴狀的

lobby

v.對（議員等）進行疏通活動

1.Choose the correct answer according to content:(1)This article is about____.A.Islamic life in modern-day Kuwait B.social changes in Kuwait C.problems faced by professional women in Kuwait D.education in Kuwait

(2)Why is Dr.Badria al-Awadhi referred to as a pioneer? A.Because she is one of the first highly educated Kuwaiti women.B.Because she has an adventurous spirit.C.Because she is not afraid to try new things.D.Because she was a wealthy Kuwaiti trader's daughter(3)Why do you think the writer mentions that female students today “attend classes wearing the latest fashions-of Pairs and Rome”?

A.To show that they are well dressed.B.To show that other social customs are changing, too.C.To show how wealthy Kuwaitis are.D.To show that many overseas goods are sold 'in Kuwait.(4)Which statement is NOT true?

A.Social customs in Kuwait are changing.B.There is resistance to social change in Kuwait.C.Women in Kuwait will not obtain equality very soon.D.Social change occurs quickly.(5)The writer of this article is ______.A.sympathetic to educated Kuwaiti women B.sympathetic to the position of Kuwaiti men

C.critical of the position of educated women in Kuwait.D.subjective to the social change in-Kuwait

課后練習答案

A.l.They think that the world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war.2.“Drop out” means rejecting conventional social values and withdrawing from social responsibilities.The drupouts lead a parasitic way of life because they batten on the society and in which they take no responsibility.3.Unlike the dropouts, they are willing to support themselves and to contribute something to the general community.4.Because our planet is running Out of noble savages and unsullied landscapes.5.Those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process or who believe that basic institutions can only be changed by force.6.Because they lived, in bitter disillusionment, to see the establishment they had overthrown replaced by a new one, just as hard-faced and stuffy.7.Such as problems of racial justice, of keeping cities from becoming uninhabitable, of coping with war in unfamiliar guises and of population explosion.8.The fourth alternative is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.The author favors this alternative because it sometimes brings about the desired result.B.1．很顯然他所說的代表了許多同齡人的想法。

2．在過去的幾年中，戲聽到過許多大學內外的年輕人的談話，對于成人世界，他們也有同感。

3．他們愿意自食其力，并對社會大眾做些貢獻。他們不喜歡文明的環境，也就是說，不喜歡那種丑惡、緊張的城市生活。

4．一些極富有的鄉紳可以回到農村的田園生活。

5．對他們來說，這有一種傳奇的色彩，通常是以某個有闖勁、魁力超凡的人物為代表。

6．即使革命成功，他們勝利的曙光也從未照耀在他們夢想的，清除了人類一切卑鄙行經的燦爛的新世界上。

7．革命的機器、無論貼上什么樣的政治標簽，還得由市場銷售，衛生工程、官僚機構的行家們來操作，而不是由那些極端的浪漫主義者們去操作。

8．這種方法的唯一優點是，它有時真的有效，——在一個特定的時間和地點，與其他可選的策略相比，它可以改善世界上一些倒行逆施的行為。

C.1.satisfying

2.cleansed

3.symbolize

4.ran out of

5.striking

6.insoluble

7.disappointed

8.virtually

D.1.glance

2.relative

3.exasperated

4.noisome

5.inhabited

6.cluttered

7.ideal

8.appeal E.1.were just as nervous about the American society'.run by adults 2.they are not the person supported by society and gtvirig it nothing in return.3.also has its practitioners in the old days 4.all its unpleasant and nervous things 5.their victory never begins to grow light on the sliming new world 6.this strategy is not attractive at all

7.putting right some of the world's extreme violence or cruelty than any other strategy can be found

.8.another one appears great just before you.F.The American young people in the 1960's belonged to a rebellious generation.They saw that America, the affluent society was full of poverty, inequality and hypocrisy.They didn't believe in this adult world which did not belong to them, and refused to follow its beliefs and values.Many young people took active part in the wars against poverty, against racial discrimination and against Vietnam War.Some young people even attempted to overthrow the establishment by force.While many other young people expressed their disaffection in a passive way, and they.used drugs, lived a parasitic life without taking any responsibility in society, or escaped to the unspoiled country to live a rather primitive communal life.G.The fourth choice for young people to make is to try to change the world gradually, one clod at a time.I agree with the author that this alternative lacks attraction at first glance.It promises no quick results and has to rely on the annoying and uncertain persuasion from agents and democratic decision making.It requires patience, which people are always short of.But in a particular time and place it does work.It is more likely to overcome some of the social problems than any other available choice.As we know, one has to lead a rather undignified life, if he makes the choice to drop out to live a parasitic life.It's no longer practical if one chooses to flee and to have a more primitive way of life.And those in favor of armed revolution are destined to feel disappointed whether they succeed or not.Since revolution can not eventually bring forth a bright future they dreamed of.What I disagree with the author is that in a particular time and place —— only an armed revolution can work which has been evidenced by the May-Forth Movement against the feudal system in the 1920s.And it's also evidenced by the Anti-Japanese War in the 1940s.補充練習答案

1.1.C

2.A

3.B

4.D

5.A

Lesson Three

The Use of Force Background knowledge

William Carlos Williams American poet, who was one of the leading 20th century literary figures in the United States., His father was a British businessman and mother of French and Spanish extraction.He was educated at the Horace Mann School in New York City and in Switzerland before attending the university of Pennsylvania, from which, he received a medical degree in 1906.While still a practicing physician,.Williams achieved international fame as a prolific writer of poetry, fiction and critical essays that earned him a leading and influential position in contemporary American literature.Unlike the imagists, in whose publications his poems first came to public notice, Williams leaned strongly from the beginning on American material and on a diction and free material rhythm modeled on American speech.Williams' In the American Grain(1925)analyzed the American character and culture through essays on historical figures.Three novels form a trilogy about a family--White Mule(1937), In the Money(1940), and The Build-Up(1952).Among his notable short stories are “Jean Beicke,” “A Face of Stone,” and “The Farmers' Daughters.” His play A Dream of Love(published 1948)was produced in off-Broadway and academic theatres.Williams' Autobiography appeared in 1951, and in 1963 he was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize in poetry for his Pictures from Brueghel, and Other Poems(1962).William Carlos Williams, by the poet Reed Whittemore, was published in 1975.Main idea of the Text Mathilda's parents doted on her very much, which formed , her capricious disposition.The girl did not see terrible result of diphtheria, she refused to be found her condition of disease by the doctor.She tried to resist the doctor' s examination.The intransigent reaction of the doctor resulted from his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor as well as the challenge of his respect.詞匯(Vocabulary)1.startle: v.give a shock of surprise to, cause to move or jump 使吃驚，驚動

She was startled to see him looking so sad.看到他這么悲傷,使她大為吃驚。

The sound of the gun fire startled the pigeons.槍聲驚起鴿子。

2.apologetic: a.making an apology, expressing regret 道歉的，表示歉意的He was apologetic for coming late.他為遲到而表示歉意。

He was sincerely apologetic about his mistake.他對自己的錯誤由衷地感到愧疚。

與apologetic同詞根的詞有：

apologize: v.道歉

You should apologize to your classmate for being rude.由于你的無禮，應該向同學道歉。

apology: n.道歉

You should make an apology to your sister because you are wrong.因為你錯了，必須向你姐姐道歉。3.motion 1)v.indicate by a gesture 打手勢示意

He motioned to me to come near.他打手勢叫我再走近一些。

I approached him, but he motioned me away.我走近他，但他揮手叫我走開。2）n.① moving 運動，移動

If a thing is in motion, it is not at rest.如果一個物體在運動中，它就不在靜止中。

② particular movement If you watch my motions carefully you will see how the trick is performed.如果你仔細看我的動作，你就會明白這個戲法是怎么變的。

4.coax: v.persuade sb.gently or gradually 勸誘，哄勸

The clerk is always able to coax the customers into good humor.那個售貨員總是能夠把顧客哄得高高興興的。

She coaxed him out of his bad temper.她循循善誘地勸他改掉壞脾氣。5.approach 1)v.come near to 走近，接近

As summer approached, the weather became hotter.夏天漸近，天氣變得熱了。

As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church.接近那座城鎮的時候，首先看到的就是教堂。

2)n.act of approaching;way, method 接近；方法

The enemy ran away at our approach.當我們接近時，敵人就逃跑了。

When learning a foreign language, the best approach is the study of the spoken language.學習外語最好的方法是學口語。

6.embarrass: v.make to feel awkward or ashamed;hinder the movement of 使窘困；阻礙

He had been highly embarrassed by his confession.這一供認使他極其難堪。

Wearing a long robe embarrassed his movements.穿一件長袍使他行動不便。

7.admonish: vt.give a mild warning or a gentle reproof to；advise seriously 婉轉警告，訓誡；勸告

The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.老師責備學生們懶惰。

She admonished us to seek professional help.她勸我們向專業人員求助。

同詞根的詞有：

admonition: n.admonitory: a.8.contemptible: a.deserving or provoking contempt 可鄙的，卑劣的That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.對朋友耍花招是卑鄙的。

Speaking ugly gossip is contemptible.說別人壞話是可鄙的。同詞根的詞有：

contempt: v.輕視

contemptuous: a.顯示輕蔑的

9.ensue: v.happen later, follow as a result 隨后發生，續起

After the heavy rains, flood ensue.暴雨之后就發生了水災。

It was too late to stop the panic that ensued from the false news report.制止由這次虛假新聞報導而引起的恐慌已為時太晚.10.apprehension: n.① anxiety about the future, fear 憂慮, 恐懼

I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow.我對明天的面試感到有些擔心。

② comprehension 理解

Quickness of apprehension is a mark of good student.敏捷的領悟是一個好學生的標志。同詞根的詞有： apprehend: v apprehensive: a.11.critical: a ① of or at a crisis 在危急關頭

We are at a critical time in our history.我們正處在我們歷史的危急時刻。② of the work of a critic 批評的

Why are you so critical of everything I wear? 你為什么對我穿的每件衣服都這么挑剔。12.desist:(formal)cease 停止

They ought to desist from such foolish activities.他們應該停止這種愚蠢的活動。

The judge told the man to desist from threatening his wife.法官責令那人別再威脅他的妻子。

短語(Expressions)1.up to sb.: required, looked upon as necessary;one’s duty 應由某人……；某人的職責

It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我們理應竭盡全力給予他們協助。

It is up to parents to teach their children manners.父母應該教育他們的孩子懂禮貌。2.in profusion: in great supply, abundance 大量的，豐富的

He makes promises in profusion, but never realizes them.他做過許多許諾，但從未實現。

Everything was there in such profusion that we did not know what to take.那里樣樣東西都很多，我們不知拿什么好。

3.If only: 引起驚嘆句，后面用虛擬語氣，從句動詞使用相當于陳述語氣的過去或過去將來時態。

If only I had listened to your advice.我要是聽了你的建議就好了。If only the letter had arrived in time.信要及時到了就好了。4.break in, put in: interrupt 插話，插嘴

Please don’t break in on our conversation.請不要打斷我們的談話。

May I put in a word or two? 我可以插一兩句話嗎？

5.on the chance that / of doing sth.: in views of the possibility, in the hope: 也許能夠，或許能夠

I’ll call at his office on the chance of seeing him before he leaves.我將到辦公室去訪他，希望能在他下班前見到他。

Take an umbrella on the chance it might rain.帶上傘，也許會下雨。6.as / so long as: on condition that, provided that 只要，如果

As long as you’re happy, it doesn’t matter what you do.只要你高興，你做什么事都沒關系。

You may borrow the book so long as you don’t lend it to anyone else.只要你不借給別人，你可以借這本書。

7.hold down: control, keep down or under 控制，壓制

We must hold prices down.我們必須控制物價。

Slave owners held slaves down before the emancipation.奴隸獲得解放之前受奴隸主的壓迫。8.reduce to: change to, bring to certain condition 使某人陷入某種狀態。

Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck.他過度勞累而損害了健康。

The teacher reduced the noisy students to order.老師使吵鬧的學生恢復秩序。詞語辨析(Word analysis)1.terrifying, terrified, terrific terrifying: filling with terror 令人恐怖的 That must have been a terrifying experience.那一定是一段可怕的經歷。

terrified: feeling terror, very afraid 感到害怕的I’m terrified at the prospect of being alone in the house.我要是自己一個人呆在一所房子里就很害怕。

terrific: very great, excellent 很大的，極好的There is a terrific new restaurant in South Street.南大街新開了一家極好的飯店。2.admonish, coax admonish: give a mild but firm warning;advise seriously 溫和而嚴正地警告；告誡 The teacher admonished the boys for being lazy.老師責備男生懶惰。

coax: persuade gently or gradually 哄勸

He coaxed her into letting him take her to the cinema.他哄得她同意帶她去電影院。3.contemptuous, contemptible contemptuous: feeling or showing contempt 鄙視的，表示輕蔑的 He threw it away with a contemptuous gesture.他帶著不屑一顧的樣子把它扔了。contemptible: deserving contempt 可鄙的，That was a contemptible trick to play on a friend.這是對朋友玩弄的卑鄙的手段。4.apprehension, distrust apprehension: anxiety about the future, fear 憂慮，擔心 I feel a certain apprehension about my interview tomorrow.我對明天的面試感到有些擔心。

distrust: lack of trust, suspicion 不信任，懷疑

Negotiation between union and management are made more difficult by mutual distrust.工會和資方之間的談判由于互不信任而愈加困難。5.excuse, apology excuse: reason given to explain one’s act 借口，辯解 He’s always making excuses for being late.他遲到總是有借口。

apology: statement of regret for doing sth.wrong 道歉，認錯 I made my apologies and left early.我道過歉后便提前離去。6.desist, resist desist: stop, cease 停止，結束

I wish he’d desist from entertaining his friends at all hours of the day and night.但愿他別再晝夜不分地招待他的朋友。

resist: use force in order to prevent sth happening, oppose 抵抗，對抗 He told us to get ready to resist the enemy attack.他讓我們做好準備，抵抗敵人的進攻。7.spend, expend spend: give or pay out money for goods, services, etc.用錢，花錢 She spends too much on clothes.她在衣著上花費太大。

expend: spend or use up 用掉，耗費掉

They had already expended six thousand dollars in advertisement.他們在廣告上已經用掉了六千美元。

難句理解（Sentence comprehension）1.The child was fairly eating me up…

She looked at the doctor up and down carefully and intently.孩子上上下下仔細地打量著我。

2.I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure.I just started by asking a question which I guessed might be the problem.我常常根據猜測可能出現的問題進行提問。3.I might be able to get somewhere.I might be able to get some results.我也許還能有點進展。

4.She surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.She was terrified of me, her efforts to resist my examination of her throat became so mad and violent.出于對我的恐懼，孩子抵制檢查的瘋狂努力達到了驚人的程度。5.I tried to hold myself down.I tried to control my temper.我盡力克制自己的怒氣。

6.But a blind fury, a feeling of adult shame, bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives.Both the blind fury and the feeling of adult shame were caused by a longing to release his physical energy.可是那種想釋放體能的渴望產生出一種非理智的、無法控制的憤怒與成人受辱時的感覺使我繼續下去。

課文翻譯(Translation of the text)

強制就醫 威廉·卡洛斯·威廉斯

他們是我的新病人，我所知道的就是這個名字，奧爾遜。請您盡快到我家來，我的女兒病得很厲害。

我到達時，一臉驚恐的母親迎接我，她衣著整潔，懷著歉意，只問了一聲，您是醫生吧，便把我讓進了屋。在房子的里間，她又說，請原諒，醫生，我們讓孩子呆在廚房里，那里很暖和，屋里有時很潮濕。

孩子穿得很嚴實，坐在離餐桌不遠處父親的大腿上。父親試圖站起來，但我示意他不必了。我脫了外衣開始檢查。我能看得出他們都很緊張，用懷疑的眼光上下打量著我。通常在這種情況下，除非必須，他們不會對我講得太多，得由我來告訴他們，這就是他們為什么付給我三美元檢查費的原因。

小孩用冷漠的，堅定的目光上下使勁地打量我，她的臉上沒有任何表情。她沒有動，內心顯得很平靜，是個出奇漂亮的小東西，從外表上看她壯得像頭小母牛。但是她的臉色通紅，呼吸急促，我意識到她在發高燒。她長著滿頭漂亮的金發，就和經常出現在廣告插頁或周日報紙的圖片版上的圖片娃娃一樣漂亮可愛。

她已經發燒三天了，父親開始說道，我們不知道她是怎么得的病，我妻子給她吃了點藥，你知道，就像別人那樣做的，可是一點用也沒有。附近生病的人很多，所以我們認為你最好給她檢查一下，看她得了什么病。

作為醫生，我常常根據猜測可能出現的問題提問。她嗓子痛嗎？

她父母一起回答，不，不，她說她的嗓子不疼。

你的嗓子疼嗎，母親又問了孩子一遍。小女孩的表情依舊，目光仍盯在我的臉上。

你看過了嗎？

母親說，我試過，可是看不見。

其實這個孩子所在的學校那個月發生了多起白喉病例，很顯然我們都已想到了這一點，盡管誰都沒有提到這件事。

我說，來，讓我們先來看看嗓子吧。我以醫生最友好的態度微笑著問孩子的名字，并說道，來，瑪蒂爾達，張開嘴讓我們看看你的嗓子。

小孩沒有任何反應。

唉，來吧，我哄勸著說，只是把你的嘴張大讓我看一下。你看，我說著張開了兩手，我手里什么也沒拿，只是張開嘴讓我看一下。

多好的人啊，母親說到，看他對你多好呀，快點，照他說的辦，他不會傷害你的。

我極度厭惡此舉，要是他們不用“傷害”這個詞，我也許還能有點進展。但我沒讓自己顯得慌亂，而是平靜地，不慌不忙地說著話，再次接近小孩。

當我把椅子稍微靠近一點的時候，她突然間以貓一般敏捷的動作，雙手本能地抓向我的眼睛，幾乎夠到了，實際上她把我的眼鏡打飛了，盡管沒碎，還是掉在離我幾尺遠的廚房地板上。

小孩父母尷尬得不得了，連忙抱歉。你這個壞孩子，母親抓著她的一只胳膊，一邊搖晃，一邊說道，看你干了些什么，這個好的人??

看在上帝的份上，我打斷她的話，別對她說我是什么好人。我在這兒看她的嗓子是因為她很可能得了白喉病，可能會因此而死。可是她不在乎這個。聽著，我對孩子說，我們想看看你的嗓子，你已經夠大了，能明白我所說的話了。你是自己張開嘴還是讓我們幫你張開呢？

她還是不動，甚至連她的表情也沒變。而她的呼吸則變得越來越急促。接著一場斗爭就開始了，我不得不這么做。為了保護她我得弄到她的咽喉分泌物培養。可我首先告訴孩子的父母這完全取決于他們。我解釋了這種病的危險性，并說只要他們能對此負責，我就不會堅持要檢查她的嗓子。

如果你不照醫生的話做，那你就得上醫院了，母親嚴厲地告誡她。

是的，我微笑著，畢竟我已經喜歡上了這個任性的小家伙，對她的父母我是有些看不起。在接下來的這場斗爭中，他們變得越來越無可奈何、無能為力、精疲力竭。出于對我的恐懼，孩子對檢查的抗拒達到極度瘋狂的程度。

父親盡了全力。他個子高大，可這是他的女兒，雖然對她的行為感到羞愧，但又怕弄疼了她，所以每次在我就要成功的關鍵時刻，他就松開女兒，氣得我真想宰了他。由于他擔心孩子可能得了白喉，又讓我繼續，盡管他都要昏過去了，還是讓我繼續。而母親則在我們身后來回走動，不停地將手舉起又放下，痛苦不安。

把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的兩個手腕。

可是他剛一這么做，孩子就大聲地尖叫。不要，你弄疼我了，放開我的手，我讓你放開我的手。接著她就歇斯底里地，令人恐怖地大叫起來，住手！住手！你們要殺人了！

你認為她能經受得了嗎，醫生？母親問道。

你走開，丈夫對妻子說，你想讓她得白喉而死嗎？

來，抓住她，我說。

接著我用左手抓住孩子的頭，試圖將木制的壓舌板伸到她的牙齒之間。她拼命地反抗著，緊咬著牙齒！我現在也憤怒起來——是對一個孩子。我盡力克制自己的怒氣，但是不行。我知道怎么讓她張開嘴，露出喉嚨讓我檢查，我努力這么做了。我終于將木壓舌板伸進她最后幾顆牙齒后面，前端已進入了她的口腔，就在這個時候，她張了一下嘴，沒等我看清，她又閉上了嘴，并用臼齒咬住了壓舌板，在我還沒能將它抽出來之前，她已經將壓舌板咬碎了。

你不感到羞恥嗎，母親對她喊道。在醫生面前你這么做不感到羞恥嗎？

給我一個光柄的湯匙，我對她母親說，我們繼續檢查。孩子的嘴已經流血了，她的舌頭破了，歇斯底里地狂叫著。或許我應該住手，一兩個小時后再來。毫無疑問那樣會好些。但是我已經看到至少有兩個孩子得了這種病，由于疏忽而躺在床上死去了，我覺得我必須現在診斷，否則以后再來就不行了。但是最糟的是我也變得不理智起來，我真想一氣之下把這個孩子撕成碎片而后快。折磨她令人高興，我的臉也因此發熱。

盡管這個可惡的小家伙拒絕檢查的行為是如此愚蠢，可還是得給她診斷，保護她。在這種情況下人是會這樣想的。盡管違背她的想法，但別人也需保護。這是一種社會責任。所有這些都是真實的。可是那種想釋放體能的渴望產生出一種非理智的、無法控制的憤怒與成人受辱時的感覺，這些驅使我要繼續下去，必須進行到底。

在最后的這場非理智的較量中，我抓住了孩子的脖子和下巴，強行將這把不輕的銀湯匙塞進她的嘴里，伸至喉部，直到她開始作嘔。是的，兩個扁桃體上覆蓋著膜狀物。她英勇地反抗以阻止我知道她的這個秘密。她隱瞞嗓子痛這件事至少有三天了，并且對她的父母撒謊以便逃脫象這樣的一個結局。

現在她真的憤怒了。剛才她是在抵抗，而現在她進攻了，她試圖從父親的腿上跳下來，撲向我，失敗的淚水模糊了她的雙眼。

補充練習（Supplementary exercises）

Traditional methods of teaching no longer suffice in this technological world.Currently there are more than 100, 000 computers in schoolrooms in the United States.Students, mediocre and bright alike;from the first grade through high school, not only are not intimidated by computers, but have become avid participants in the computer epoch.Kids operating computers implement their curriculum with great versatility.A music student can program musical notes so that the computer will play Beethoven or the Beatles.For a biology class, the computer can produce a picture of the intricate actions of the body's organs, thus enabling today's students to envisage human biology in a profound way.A nuclear reactor is no longer an enigma(謎)to students who can see its workings in minute detail on a computer.In Wisconsin, the Chippewa Indians are studying their ancient and almost forgotten language with the aid of a computer.More commonly, the computer is used for drilling math and language concepts so that youngsters may learn at their own speed without trying the patience of their human teachers.The simplest computers aid the handicapped, who learn more rapidly from the computer than from humans.Once irksome, remedial drills and exercises now on computer are conductive to learning because the machine responds to correct answers with praise and to incorrect answers with frowns and even an.occasional tear.Adolescents have become so exhilarated(興奮的)by computers that they have developed their own jargon, easily understood by their peers but leaving their disconcerted parents in the dark.They have shown so much favour for computers that they have formed computer clubs, beguile（消遣)their leisure hours in computer stores, and even attend computer camps.A Boy Scout can get a computer merit badge, One ingenious young student devised a computer game for Atari that will earn him $ 100, 000 in royalties.This is definitely the computer age.It is expected that by 1985 there will be between 300,000 and 650,000 computers in American schools.Manufacturers of computers are presently getting tax write-offs for donating equipment to colleges and universities and are pushing for legislation to obtain further deductions for contributions to elementary and high schools.Furthermore, the price of computers has steadily fallen to the point where a small computer for home or office is being sold for less than $ 100.At that price every class in the country will soon have computer kids.1.In order to operate a computer, a student does not have to be ____.A.especially bright

B.vulgar

C.versatile

D.hysterical 2.A computer is a robot teacher because it ____.A.is human B.enables students to learn through mechanical means C.teaches machines D.shows human emotions 3.Teachers ought to like to have their students use computers because computers ____.A.are fun to work with B.take over some of the teachers' tedious jobs C.cost less than teachers' salaries D.are being used all over the United States 4.The author of this article implies that ____.A.computers make learning today easier than it was in the past B.students today have to be smarter than their parents C.computers are difficult to operate D.anyone who can't operate a computer is a dunce（笨人）5.The price of a computer is now ____.A.too high for most schools

B.within the range of most school' s budgets C.rising

D.preventing schools from buying computers

課后練習答案

A.1.Because it was very damp sometimes and it was warm in the kitchen.2.Because they were all very nervous.3.She kept the doctor from knowing her secret—her illness.4.Because the doctor had to make sure whether the girl had caught diphtheria.5.Because she reduced it to splinters.6.He forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged.Thus he got to see her throat.7.Yes, the girl's physical beauty made a contrast with her stupid behavior of not letting the doctor look her over.8.Generally speaking, he is right/hut lie may try to persuade tlie girl to obey him in a mild way.B.1．我到她家時先遇到她的母親，她一副驚訝、害怕的表情。她穿著很干凈，只是禮貌地說，您是醫生嗎？就讓我進去了。

2．他試圖站起來，我示意他不要麻煩，脫去外套，開始檢查。

3．像往常一樣，在這種情況下，他們不會告訴我更多情況，而是理應由我來告訴他們。

4．我盡量露出我的職業微笑，詢問小女孩的名字。我說，過來，瑪蒂爾??

5．此時我已厭惡地咬牙切齒，要不是他們使用“傷害”這個詞，我可能早就采取行動了。

6．在接下來的斗爭中，他們變得越來越可憐，被制服，甚至精疲力竭，而小女孩由于害怕我而產生的狂怒卻達到了頂點。

7．她的嘴張開了一下，我還沒來的及看清楚，她又閉上了嘴，緊緊地用臼齒咬住木壓舌板。我還沒來的及將它拔出，她已把它咬成了碎片。

8．那個可惡的小家伙很愚蠢，但我應當保護她，此時我對自己這樣說。C.1.apprehension

2.terrifying

3.overpowering

4.contemptible

5.motioned

6.profusion

7.ensuing

8.coax D.1.terrifyingly

2.coaxed

3.contemptible

4.apprehension 5.apology

6.terrifying

7.desist

8.admonished E.1.guilty

2.it's my responsibility

3.there's been a lot people who fell sick around here 4.nothing has been done

5.in view of the possibility

6.we continue to do this(examine her throat)till very end 7.became, irrational.8.the pleasure to attack her

F.Mathilda had been;ill for, three days, Her mother gave her some medicine, but it did no good, so a doctor had to be sent for.Because there had.been, a number of cages of diphtheria in the school to which Mathilda went and two children died of it, the doctor wanted to look her throat over first after he arrived at the Olson's.She wouldn't open her mouth no matter how he coaxed her, then the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth, but Mathilda should reduced it to splinters.To protect Mathilda herself and other children, the doctor must find out whether she had caught diphtheria, so that he.could, give her timely treatment.Then he told Mathilda's father to hold both her wrists while he himself opened her mouth up with effort and found that she did catch diphtheria.The story reminds us of such a thing: some of the things in life can't be done by one's willingness and in some cases, using certain force seems essential.G.The doctor thought the symptom of the girl was like that of diphtheria, and it happened that there were a number of cases of diphtheria in the school where the girl was in.So the doctor tried to coax to open her mouth.He took many ways, e.g., telling her terrible result of diphtheria, requiring her to go to hospital, which she was very afraid of etc, but she did not cooperate with him.Finally, his social responsibility, his authority as a doctor and the strategy to his respect forced him to open her mouth to see her throat by force.I think the doctor's behavior is right, because in reality it is necessary to use force to do something in certain circumstances in which voluntary isn't enough.補充練習答案

1.A

2.B

3.B

4.A

5.B

Lesson Four

Die as You Choose Background knowledge

Euthanasia Euthanasia, also called MERCY KILLING, act or practice of painlessly putting to death persons suffering from painful and incurable disease or incapacitating physical disorder.Because there is no specific provision for it in most legal systems, it is accounted either suicide(if performed by the patient himself)or murder(if performed by another).A physician may, however, lawfully decide not to prolong life where there is extreme suffering;and he may administer drugs to relieve pain, even though he knows that this may shorten the patient's life.In the late 20th century, several European countries had special provisions in their criminal codes for lenient sentencing and the consideration of extenuating circumstances in prosecutions for euthanasia

Main idea of the Text This article remarks the euthanasia.Euthanasia is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.There are two different attitudes about it at present.Holland accepted the euthanasia and openly practiced it a few thousand times each year;America and France condemned it.Euthanasia is divided into two kindskilling is accepted by the medical establishment and openly practiced a few thousand times each year.They think one of a doctor' s duties is to prevent suffering, sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and killing is the only way to do it.In the most countries, euthanasia is condemned by the medical establishment, secretly practiced many times more often, and almost never comes to light, in America, Britain and many other countries.They believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock back on another.But now most American States have ' living-will' legislation that protects doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.But now if euthanasia is legalized how long can the distinction between killing and letting death hold out? The legal framework for euthanasia, permits a doctor to comply with dying man's request in a prescribed set of circumstance.But this will make someone use it to kill the others.So whether euthanasia should be legalized is a problem which has been discussed for a long time.補充練習答案

1.B

2.C

3.A

4.D

5.A

單元測驗 1（Quiz on Lesson One to Lesson Four）

I.課文填空（The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, choose the word from the list that best completes each of the sentences.）

battle

mess

terminal

argue

danger

rock

coax

define

difference

culture

down

loneliness tedious

request

quarter

killing

disaffection

breaths

major

generation

responsibility

duties

protested

gasp Between Elvis and Alice, __1__ critics say, a number of rock stars have helped our society __2__ its beliefs and attitudes.Bob Dylan touched a nerve of __3__.He spoke of civil rights, nuclear fallout, and __4__.He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older __5__.When I was graduating from college, my generation also found the world in a __6__.The economic machinery had broken __7__ almost everywhere: In this country nearly a __8__ of the population was out of work.A __9__ war seemed all too likely.As a college newspaper editor at that time, I __10__ against this just as vehemently as student activists are protesting today.Even her expression hadn’t changed.Her __11__, however, were coming faster and faster.Then the __12__ began.I had to do it.I had to have a throat __13__ for her own protection.But first I told the parents that It was entirely up to them.I explained the __14__ but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the __15__.Many doctors working on the battlefield of __16__ suffering think that only squeamishness demands a firm __17__ between passive and active euthanasia on __18__.Their argument for killing goes like this: one of a doctor’s __19__ is to prevent suffering;sometimes that is all there is left for him to do, and __20__is the only way to do it.II.單句填空（Fill in the following blank in each sentence with the best word or expression from the list below。）

started

anonymity

flushed

apparent

embody

profusion

impact

virtual

credible vehement

symbolize

reverence contribute

arrogant

rumble

drive

in other words

cleanse

ensue

desist

dodge

intrude oath

withhold

1.Different qualities are _____ by different colors.2.He' s a _____ supporter of progressive education.3.He studied hard in his youth, which _____ his great success in later life.4.1 soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else._____, I was wasting my time.5.After the heavy rains, floods _____.6.His _____ and enthusiasm helped make the project a success.7.When men are most sure and_____, they are commonly most mistaken.8.1 can hear a _____ noise, like distant thunder.9.The judge _____ his decision until he had heard all the evidence.10.The girl _____ up when the man spoke to her.11.The _____ cause of his failure in the examination was illness, but the real cause was lack of industry.12.These costs will _____ on our profitability.13.Is there a alternative _____ to the nuclear deterrent? 14.The sculpture _____ the artist’s love of animals.15.The battle was won with so great a loss of men that it was a _____ defeat.16.I am very sorry to _____ upon your grief, but this is an important matter.17.Young people nowadays show little _____ for the church.18.The reporters gathered around him, but he _____ their questions.19.The sound of the machine gun fire _____ the pigeons.20.Tom took his _____ that he did not steal the watch.III.單詞選擇（Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions.Choose the right one to complete the sentence.）1.He([A]sprinkled [B]threw)ashes on the icy sidewalk.2.I hear you are looking for an office.This place would be([A]idealistic [B]ideal).3.Topics for conversation should be([A]relevant [B]relative)to the experiences and interests of the students.4.Most people couldn't([A]imagine [B]conceive)of living without a telephone.5.Scientists have studied the([A]migration [B]immigration)of fish from one part of the ocean to another over long distance.6.The motorist was([A]bewildered [B]surprised)by the conflicting road signs.7.Someone has([A]jumbled [B]mixed)the files, and now I can’t find anything.8.The judge rejected the prisoner’s([A]appeal [B]attraction)for a new trial.9.They have a desire to see what steps shall be taken to([A]compensate [B]remedy)the existing weakness.10.The warrior managed to([A]evade [B]dodge)the arrow that came flying through the air.11.The United States has([A]spent [B]expended)vast sums to strengthen her allies.12.Every citizen in a democratic country may([A]claim [B]demand)the protection of the law.13.1 was unwilling to([A]invade [B]intrude)upon them so late at night.14.Use your library to learn which animals([A]live [B]inhabit)the desert.15.I wish he’d([A]desist [B]resist)from entertaining his friend at all hours of the day and night.16.Summoned by the boss, he approached his office full of([A]apprehension [B]distrust).17.He thought their behavior was([A]contemptuous [B]contemptible), but he didn't say anything in front of the host.18.The([A]omission [B]exclusion)of a full stop at the end of the sentence is a deliberate act by the writer.19.Whether or not he is the best person for the promotion is([A]debatable [B]arguable).20.If you see him please give my([A]excuses [B]apologies)for not having written to him.IV.漢譯英（Translate the following into English）

1．當我大學畢業的時候，我們那一代人發現這個世界一團糟。

2．青少年把搖滾歌星視為偶像，而成年觀眾則覺得他們惡心，難以忍受。

3．搖滾歌星們不僅表達了青少年對各種政治與社會問題的觀點和立場，而且也表達了他們的情感和愿望。

4．60年代的美國青年是反叛的一代。他們不再相信這個已不屬于自己的成人世界并拒絕接受他們的信仰和價值觀。

5．最不幸的就是那些革命成功的人。他們必須痛苦地目睹自己所創建的新政府與自己所推翻的舊政府同樣丑陋和沉悶。

6．那時，我厭惡地咬緊牙，如果他們不用傷害這個詞就好了，我還會有所收獲。7．這個討厭的小東西必須防止因自己的愚蠢行為而遭受帶來的后果。人們心里默默地說。8．需要對安樂死制定相關的法律，這個問題不能再長期回避了。

9．在荷蘭，安樂死被醫療機構所接受，每年公開施行幾千次。10．直到加州投票通過安樂死合法的提議才結束了這依次漫長的討論。

V.英譯漢(Translate the following into Chinese)1.Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash.2.Like all artists, these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own.3.The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect, but how to deal with it.4.A few gentleman farmers with plenty of money can still escape to the bucolic life----but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way.5.And warfare on a rising scale seems inevitable if too many bodies have to struggle for ever---dwindling shares of food and living spare.6.I could see that they were all very nervous, eyeing me up and down distrustfully.7.In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject, crushed, exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me.8.It is disturbingly easy to find doctors who will say, in private, that they sometimes kill patients on purpose.9.Most American states have “living-will” legislation that protect doctors from prosecution if they do not try to save someone who has said he does not want life prolonged.10.Some people believe that the time of death is appointed by God and that no man should put the clock on another.VI.回答問題(Answer the following questions)1.What does the author attempt to illustrate with the three examples at the beginning of the text? 2.What other major subjects did rock music deal with apart from politics? 3.How do American young people look at the adult world in general? 4.Why does the author say that the most unfortunate are those whose revolutions have succeeded? 5.What are some of the new problems faced by the young people.6.Why were the girl's parents eyeing the doctor up and down distrustfully? 7.How did the doctor finally get to see the girl's throat? 8.Why did the doctors in the U.S.sometimes secretly practice euthanasia without consulting the dying patents? 9.What is the danger involved if euthanasia is legalized? 10.What is the author’s view on euthanasia?

VII.能力測試(Proficiency test)

Ranch Life To many people ranch life means the Wild West.Many children dream of becoming cowboys or cowgirls and leading romantic adventurous lives.But ranch life is in fact a hard business, demanding strength and a great deal of work.Most ranches are located in flat open country where there is plenty of grass for the cattle to feed on.Ranchers raise cattle for the meat that people eat.Since meat is a favorite food of people everywhere, ranching is a very important job.Ranching is one of the oldest and biggest" industries in the world.Like all other kinds of farming, ranching is a difficult job.Dry weather or rainstorms can destroy the food needed for the cattle or the cattle themselves may become sick and die.The rancher must always be on guard against the dangers that nature can create.History of Ranching A long, long time ago, at the very beginning of civilized life, people began to keep cattle.These people were wanderers, driving their herd from place;to place, looking for fresh grass and water.Later, men began to settle in the places where the food and water were plentiful.They built houses for themselves and shelters and yards for their animals.These were the first ranches.Cowboys Ranch life has always centered around the cowboy, one of the most colorful people in the history of the American West.Stories about cowboys are very popular in America and all over the world.People think of cowboys as free people, unafraid to battle with wild animals, living close to nature, with the trees and the sky and the stars.Today there are far fewer cowboys, and they no longer live as they did.But their hold on the imagination is still strong.The old-time cowboy is the The American cowboy first appeared in Texas around 1836.Soon ranches spread and cowboys were working in almost every part of the West..Cowboys' lives centered around the rbundup and the cattle drive.Every winter and summer the cattle fed at the ranch.In the spring and autumn the cowboys rounded up the cattle, and separated the beef cattle from the rest of the herd, and drove them over many miles of open.Country to the nearest railroad station.From there the cattle were sent to slaughterhouses.In the 19th century, railroads were few and far between.Driving the cattle was a long hard job.There was danger' from cattle thieves.The cowboy rose at sun-up to start the cattle moving.They drove them all day through the heat or dust or wind.The men were often on horseback 15 hours a day.Cowboys had to be skillful and strong.They had to be skilled horsemen and good gunmen.Their clothing was made for protection.The wide-brimmed hat was worn to protect them from the sun, dust and the rain.The gun protected them against Cattle thieves.Now much of the adventure has gone out of the cowboy's life.He no longer has to struggle with thieves.Most ranches are quite close to railroad stations, so the long cattle drive is a thing of the past.Modern inventions have taken over many of the cowboy's old jobs.The modem cowboy must often be a technician himself in order to use the new devices for the.care of cattle and for the running of the ranch.adventurous a.冒險的 civilize v.(使)文明

herd n.畜群 roundup n.聚攏

slaughterhouse n.屠宰場

wide-brimmed a.寬邊的

the Wild West

荒野西部（美國）

hero of many books, films and songs.He is a national hero and a treasured part of the national past.

第二篇：外語教學與研究出版社七年級上冊英語單詞表

外研社英語七年級上冊單詞表

Module 1 meet v 認識，遇見 first adj 第一 English n 英語 Lesson n(一節)課 Class n 班級 Student n 學生 Miss n 女士；小姐（對未婚女性的稱呼）twelve num 十二 year n ……歲 thirteen num 十三 too adv 也

from prep 從……來 close v 關閉 open v 打開

match v 相稱；匹配 write v 寫

practice v 練習city n 城市

England n 英國；英格蘭 English adj 英國的 Fourteen num 十四 eleven num 十一 blackboard n 黑板 twenty-nine num 二十九 fifty num 五十

Module2

parent n 父；母 can aux 能夠

basketball n 籃球 tennis n 網球 table tennis 球

ride v 騎；開（車）horse n 馬 welcome v 歡迎

international adj 國際的 factory n 工廠 hotel n 飯店；賓館 university n 大學 hospital n 醫院 office n 辦公室 doctor n 醫生 worker n 工人 manager n 經理 secretary n 書

at prep 在（工作或學習地點）；向，photo n 照片 family n 家庭 her pron 她的 Module 3

there pron(用于引導句子)forty-six num 四十六 dictionary n 字典；詞典 library n 圖書館

picture n 圖片；照片 right adj 正確的 fifteen num 十五 sixteen num 十七 eighteen num 十八 nineteen num 十九 thirty num 三十 sixty num 六十 seventy num 七十 eighty num 八十 ninety num 九十

dining hall 飯廳；飯堂 gym n 體育館

science n 科學；科學課 lab n 實驗室

in front of 在……前面 next to 在……旁邊 some prep 在……后面 some adj 一些 any pron 任何

one n 一個物；一個人 building n 建筑物

Module4

many adj 許多 people n 人們

aunt n 姨；伯母；嬸母

grandfather n 祖父；外祖父 grandmother n 祖母；外祖母 grandparent n(外)祖父；（外）祖母

uncle n 叔叔；伯伯；舅舅；姑父；姨夫

sister n 姐；妹 have v 有 have got 擁有

grandma n 奶奶；姥姥 grandpa n 爺爺；姥爺 email n 電子郵件 him pron 他（賓格）make v 做，制造

Module 5 healthy adj 健康的 orange n 橘子

drink n 飲料 v 喝 fruit n 水果 vegetable n 蔬菜 beef n 牛肉 carrot n 胡蘿卜 chicken n 雞肉 juice n 果汁 melon n 甜瓜 milk n 牛奶 onion n 洋蔥 pork n 豬肉 potato n 土豆 tomato n 西紅柿

favourite adj 最喜歡的 noodle n 面條

candy n 糖果 Coke n 可樂

hamburger n 漢堡包 ice cream 冰激淋

unhealthy adj 不健康的

fridge(=refrigerator)n 冰箱party n 晚會；聚會 birthday n 生日

last adj 剛剛過去；最近的 table n 桌子

them porn 他她它們（賓格）live v 生活；住 chocolate n 巧克力

Module 6

invitation n 邀請 cinema n 電影院 would n.aux 愿意 film n 電影

stadium n 體育館 match n 比賽 star n 明星 team n 隊伍 evening n 晚上 Friday n 周五 Monday n 周一 Saturday n 周六 Sunday n 周四 Tuesday n 周二 Wednesday n 周三

with prep 和……一起 great adj 好極的；偉大的 idea n 想法；注意 let v 讓

let’s = let us 讓我們…… when adv 什么時候；何時 invite v 邀請 on adv 進行；上演 ask v 詢問；問 magic n 魔術 show n 表演 day n 日子；白天 place n 地點 price n 價格 theater n 劇院 swimming n 游泳 come v 來

today adv 今天 plan n 計劃

playground n 操場 stay n 停留 game n 游戲

Module 7

talk v 談論

about prep 關于

what about…?(詢問其他人的情況)……怎么樣？

time n 時間

o’lock adv ……點鐘 half n 一半

past prep 超過…… art n 美術；藝術 chemistry n 化學 maths n 數學

at prep 在（某時間或時刻）start v 開始 get up 起床 have v 吃

breakfast n 早飯 house n(課間)休息 lunch n 午飯 or conj 或者 go home 回家

dinner n 晚飯；正餐 finish v 結束；完成 park n 公園

housework n 家務勞動

Module 8 different adj 不同的 habit n習慣

always adv 總是；一直 card n 卡片

present n 禮物 usually adv 通常 never adv 從不

get v 得到 send v 發送

OK int 好的（表同意）ticket n 票 pair n 雙；對 a pair of 一對；一雙 trainer n 軟運動鞋 jeans n(復)牛仔褲 T-shirt n T恤 Concert n 音樂會 box n 盒子 silk n 絲綢 shirt n 襯衫 magazine n 雜志 novel n 小說

CD（=compact disk）n 光盤 choose v 選擇；挑選 lot n 大量；許多 lots of 大量；許多 a lot of 大量；許多 clothes n 衣服(總稱)music n 音樂 singer n 歌手

on prep 通過，以……方式

on television 通過電視；在電視上its pron 它的 think v 想，認為 think of 想出

Module 9

trip n 旅行 zoo n 動物園 tiger n 老虎 camel n 駱駝 elephant n 大象 lion n 獅子

giraffe n 長頸鹿 kangaroo n 袋鼠 monkey n 猴子 panda n 熊貓 snake n 蛇 wolf n 狼

polar bear n 北極熊 guide n 導游 thousand num 千

visit v 參觀；訪問 n參觀；訪問every adj 每一個只 animal n 動物 zebra n 斑馬 more adj 更多

Australia n 澳大利亞 Australian adj 澳大利亞的 Asia n 北極 Europe n 歐洲

European adj 歐洲的 Asia n 亞洲 Asian adj 亞洲的 here adv 在這里

bamboo n 竹子 Africa n 非洲

African adj 非洲的 America n 美洲；美國

American adj 美洲的；美國的；美國人的

Oceania n 大洋洲 oceanian adj 大洋洲的 desert n 沙漠 forest n 森林 jungle n 叢林 grass n 草

grassland n 草原 India n 印度 lesf n 葉子 wirld n 世界

Module 10 keyboard n 鍵盤 monitor n 顯示器 mouse n 鼠標；老鼠 print v 打印

printer n 打印機 connect v 連接

switch v 用開關把……開啟（或關掉）switch on 接通；開（電燈、機器等）finally adv 最后 first adv 首先 document n 文件

use v 使用 click v 點擊

next adv 然后；其次 save v 保存；挽救 box n 方框

then adv 然后

again adv 再一次；又 online adj.adv 在線 travel n 旅行 download v 下載 Internet n 網絡

Grandchild n（外）孫女；（外）孫子sometime n 有時候；不時 check v 檢查 track v 火車

timetable n 時刻表 laptop n 筆記本電腦 weekend n 網站 London n 倫敦

Information n 信息 kind n 種類

Revision module B subject n 科目

第三篇：上教社小學英語四年級上冊Module 1 Unit 1 教案2

Module 1 Unit 1 教案

2一、教學重點

詞匯：new，classmate，her，name，sit

句型：Her name’s Jill.二、教學欄目

Listen and say，Listen and enjoy，Make and say

三、教學目標

1.通過Listen and say的情景對話，幫助學生學習核心句型Her name’s Jill.2.通過角色扮演，幫助學生初步運用核心句型。

3.通過Make and Say活動，讓學生進一步鞏固和運用核心句His/Her name’s …。

四、教學步驟

Pre-task preparations

1.接龍游戲。用Listen and enjoy的兒歌向學生問好，學生回答老師的問候以后，接著用問題What about you? 隨意向任意學生提問。

T: Good morning.Good morning.My name’s …

What about you?(point toS1)

S1: Good morning.Good morning

My name’s …

What about you?(point to S2)

S2: Good morning.Good morning.My name’s …

What about you?(point toS3)

S3: …

2.準備一個小木偶，以小木偶的語氣用第—人稱作自我介紹，引出生詞new。在學生聽懂的基礎上，鼓勵學生主動站起來和小木偶打招呼，并作自我介紹。

T: Hello.My name’s Peggy.I'm new here.Nice to meet you.S1: Good morning, Peggy.My name’s … Nice to meet you too.T: Good morning, my new friend.將木偶交給回答的學生，請他(她)扮演小木偶，去和同學對話。

While-task procedures

1.請一個男生和一個女生上臺做自我介紹，然后教師向全班學生介紹這兩個學生，引出新句型His/Her name’s … 和生詞classmate，請全班學生跟讀和拼讀單詞classmate。S1: Hello.My name’s … Nice to meet you.S2: Hello.My name’s … Nice to meet you too.T:(point toS1)He’s/She’s … His/Her name’s …

He’s/She’s(S2’s name)’ classmate.Is he/she your classmate?

Ss: Yes.T: C-L-A-S-S-M-A-T-E, classmate.Ss: C-L-A-S-S-M-A-T-E, classmate.接著請同學用classmate來組詞，如：my classmate，an old classmate，a tall classmate，a new classmate。

最后，請學生用classmate來造句，如：I have a classmate./ … is my classmate.2.呈現Listen and say的圖片，向學生介紹并提問。

l)Who are they?

2)Who’s the girl?

播放Listen and say的錄音，然后出示Listen and say的圖片并提問，檢查學生的理解程度。T:(point to Jill in Picture2)Look at the girl.Who is she?

Ss: She’s Kitty’s new classmate.T: What’s her name?

Ss: Jill.T: Yes.Her name’s Jill.J-I-L-L, Jill.引出生詞her，學生聽懂和能拼讀以后，要求學生用her組詞，特別注意的是，學生組詞時必須手指女生，然后再用her來造句。

T: Her.H-E-R, her.Ss: Her.H-E-R, her.T:(point to your book)This is my book.(hold the things of a girl and point to the girl)This is her book.This is her bag/pencil.Can you make phrases with “her”?

S1: Her book, her ruler, …

…

T: Who can make sentences with “her”?

S2: Her bag is new.用同樣方法教學his。然后可以加入my，your通過對比幫助學生理解這幾個單詞的含義。T: My name’s … Your name’s … His name’s … Her name’s …

然后把掛圖貼在黑板上，讓學生看圖介紹圖中人物。

S1: I’m Kitty.This is my classmate.His name’s Joe.3.出示Listen and say的四幅圖片，要求學生根據聽到的內容給圖片排序。然后，再放一遍錄音，請學生跟讀，跟讀時注意語音、語調，同時檢查圖片順序是否正確。然后和學生操練對話。

T:(act as Miss Fang)Good morning, boys and girls.Ss: Good morning, Miss Fang.T: This is your new classmate.Her name’s Jill.…

最后，讓學生兩人一組練習對話，請幾組學生上來表演。

S1:(act as Miss Fang)Good morning, boys and girls.S2: Good morning, Miss Fang.S1: This is your new classmate.Her name’s Jill.4.讓學生看Make and say的圖片，然后將范例句型寫在黑板上，讓學生朗讀，最后請學生拿出自己的朋友或兄妹的照片，制作個人信息卡，并用所學的句型兩人一組作介紹。S1:(show a picture of his/her sister)This is my sister.Her name’s Linda.She’s ten years old.She’s thin.S2:(show a picture of one of his/her friends)This is my friend.His name’s Jack.He’s nine years

old.He’s tall and thin.Post-task activities

1.將學生按四人一組分成若干小組，發給每個小組四張人物信息卡，小組活動時請每位學生抽取一張卡片，根據卡片上的信息作介紹。

S1: This is my new classmate.His name’s Tim.He’s nine years old.He’s short.或者讓學生每人抽一張卡片，通過詢問了解其他同學卡片上的人物信息。

S1: He’s my new classmate.S2: What’s his name?

S1: His name’s Tim.S2: How old is he?

S1: He’s nine.2.猜謎游戲。描述一位班上的同學，請大家一起猜猜他(她)是誰?然后請猜對的學生上臺做小老師，描述一個同學，讓其他同學猜。

T: He’s my friend.He’s tall and thin.He’s eleven years old.What’s his name?

S1: His name’s …