第一篇:德家:創業者,創業之前先學會講故事
德家:創業者,創業之前先學會講故事吧
干巴巴的大道理不容易說服人,你需要的是一個“真情實感,富于說服力的故事”,這會讓聽者從情緒上更容易接受。對于很多人來說,更喜歡聽故事。那些古老的智慧也常常以寓言、故事等形式流傳下來。創業,找投資方融資,要從講一個好故事開始。我們的一生,從生活到工作,其實都有大大小小的故事編織在一起。故事的特殊力量,在于深刻的影響著我們,激勵、教育了我們,為我們解決問題提供了一項重要技能。
安妮特·西蒙斯說,“每個人都應該學會講6個故事。”生活中的故事萬變不離其宗,歸根結底都可以往這6大故事模板上套:
“我是誰”的故事。可能沒有什么豪言壯語,只要是你的親身經歷。你也可以引用神話、他人的故事、時事熱聞,只要能從中以個人的角度來解讀,讓別人知道“你是誰”就好。
“我為何而來”的故事。可以和“我是誰”的故事進行融合。如果是為了一個公益活動募捐,你的故事要證明這個項目的公益性。如果你的目的是謀求私利,也坦誠地表達出來,千萬不要把聽眾當傻子。真誠,可以讓聽眾迅速了解你的意圖,讓他們愿意幫助你。
“愿景”的故事。當聽眾知道了你是個怎樣的人,你來的目的之后,他們最想知道的,是你能給他們帶來什么好處。一個軟件創業公司的CEO講述了梵高的故事,向員工描繪了公司的愿景,激發了員工的創業熱情。不同于“畫餅”式地描繪一個美好天堂,“愿景”故事還要把艱難、沮喪的細節加進去,這樣才真實可信。
“授人以漁”的故事。傳授技能時先讓他們知道學會這些有什么用,可以采用故事去啟發他們。比如指導新來的員工,只告訴他們控制臺上的各個按鍵并不能讓他們成為優秀的接待員。而如果你講一個優秀員工的故事——她能一邊安撫盛怒的客人,一邊定位到走丟了的CEO,同時幫你找到你的包裹,那新人就知道他們需要掌握的其實是同時處理多項事物的能力,而熟練操作控制臺只是其中的一環而已。
“價值觀”的故事。光說“我們重視正直的人品”是沒用的,你要舉例子,比如某個銷售員承擔了自己的錯誤,結果他的顧客反而將訂單增加了一倍。任何價值觀,如果沒有在我們生活中實踐,就沒有任何意義。
“我知道你們在想什么”的故事。察覺到觀眾的心思,然后講一個故事。這樣你不必明說,就能消除他們的顧慮,避免了正面沖突。
如何講好一個故事?
要講好一個故事,依賴你的語言和身體融為一體。在講述中,聽眾只能聽見15%的詞匯,其他的信息靠你身體各個部位傳達。如何使用你的身體語言,往往成為講好一個故事的關鍵。在我們熟悉講故事的場景中,有兩種身體語言最普遍和重要:手勢、面部表情。
手勢的價值,為故事制造了一個場景。觀眾隨著你的手勢,猶如把你講故事的過程當成欣賞一幅畫的創作。手勢釋放出你的想象力,增強故事的力度,向觀眾清晰傳達你的想象,深刻印記在觀眾的大腦里。面部表情的價值,將故事的情感傳遞給觀眾,提升故事的情感力度。豐富的面部表情,提高你講述的效率,牢牢抓住觀眾的眼球。你面部表情的表現和理解故事的深度成正比,當你理解的故事越深刻,你的面部表情表現越自然,讓你感受到樂趣,驅動你更加積極運用面部表情。
講一個故事,拉近人與人之間的距離就像我們小時候都聽過孫悟空的故事。一個好故事,啟發我們思考,觸發心靈的深處,讓我們深刻認識自己。
在這互聯網+時代,不過是比誰更會講故事,講得好的人贏得一切
羅永浩:為什么有這么多人喜歡看我們的發布會、關注度這么高?無非就是故事講得好。
白巖松:今天,我們才意識到讓傳媒人學會講故事,有點兒晚了;但如果到今天還不好好學會講故事,傳媒就死了!
羅振宇:不管是日常社交還是職場,做營銷還是做管理,只要你想影響其他人,那講故事的能力就是你不能缺的核心能力,而很多朋友偏偏缺的就是這個。
講故事不僅是一種技巧,而且是一種思維方式,借助故事可以更有效地激勵、說服與影響,講一個好故事,你可以打動任何人。
第二篇:創業復盤:創業者要學會吃著碗里瞧著鍋里[最終版]
創業復盤:草根創業者要學會吃著碗里瞧著鍋里
昨天打開新浪微博,看到來自于聯想之星寫創業感悟征文的私信,借機回顧了四年多以來的創業歷程,“吃著碗里瞧著鍋里”這個詞語猛然躍入我的腦海??
我是2007年一個偶然的機會開始了我此次創業歷程的,在此之前我先后在建材、日化、家電和服飾等行業從事了十年的生產和銷售管理工作,在此期間也曾有一次創業失敗的經歷,但橫跨多個行業,先后在國企、外企和民企的工作經歷也可以說是我尋找創業機會和積累創業資源的軌跡。
2007年,我作為浙江丹吉婭集團的營銷總監,牽頭引進和實施了企業的信息化管理系統。雖然軟件的開發商是一家在針織行業積累了十多年經驗的知名軟件公司,但是也與國內大多數管理軟件公司一樣,“技術強、應用弱”最終導致實施周期長和深層次應用效果差的結果,就以一個商品同時要具備貨號、商品編碼、客戶編碼和國際條形碼并相互之間建立對應的聯系為例我需要給軟件公司的開發人員反反復復解釋一個月才能實現,“貨號是生產環節為區分貨品而編制的唯一編碼,商品編碼是在銷售環節為區分不同品牌、相同貨號而編制的唯一編碼,客戶編碼是商品進入家樂福、沃爾瑪等賣場后不同客戶為區分商品而制定的不同編碼,國際條形碼主要應用在零售環節區分商品的唯一編碼。”到現在我還能倒背如流。
問題就是機會,也正是這次并不理想的軟件引進和實施經歷,使我萌生了在管理軟件行業創業的念頭。回顧我所所熟悉的企業,建立分工明確、職責明晰、流程順暢、工作高效的內部組織體系大都是他們夢寐以求的目標,有的企業希望高薪聘請職業經理人來實現這一目標,但因鯰魚遭到眾多沙丁魚的抵制等原因導致失敗;有的企業希望借助于管理咨詢公司來實現這一目標,但因以報表和流程為核心的管理模式自身缺乏監督、控制的約束手段等原因,導致管理咨詢公司退出后無人監督和跟進而夭折;有的企業希望通過借助會計師事務所、審計師事務所的內審來實現這一目標,但因內審報告僅能發現一大堆問題而沒有行之有效的解決問題的辦法等原因而失敗;有的企業希望通過采用OA、ERP等軟件工具來實現這一目標,但因管理軟件深層次應用不理想等原因而收效甚微。經過全面分析后我認為,合理設計員工授權和建立數據、業務單據之間關聯關系的管理軟件是解決企業內部分工不明、職責不清、流程不暢和工作低效的最有效工具,管理軟件自身的數據邏輯和以單據流程為載體設計的業務流程是建立監督和控制等約束手段最長效的管理機制,只要把軟件應用和技術開發有機地結合在一起就能解決企業管理信息化的深層次應用難題。“受人以魚,不如授人以漁”,作為職業經理人只能同時服務一家企業,而開發一套融合管理經驗和管理理念的軟件就能同時為更多的企業服務,只有自身的價值得到放大才能獲得社會更大的回報。想通這個道理后我果斷辭職并與人合作以“精準統計、高效管理、風險控制、決策分析”四位一體為目標設計和開發企業信息管理系統。
2008年3月,經過我們團隊兩百天來夜以繼日的努力,之后命名為“萬商寶4S信息管理系統”的軟件產品終于迎來了第一個用戶的應用。應該說之后這套軟件的發展還是遠遠超出我們的預期,這也再次驗證了做樣板市場的益處,從第一個用戶開始我就選擇了同時代理七匹狼、花花公子、浪莎等品牌產品并在全國針織商貿行業頗具影響的北京萬德源商貿有限公司,這家企業應用后的快速發展成為軟件應用成功最具說服力的標志,在針紡行業內得到了快速傳播,此后發展的東莞、重慶、蘇州、南寧、遼源等地的用戶基本都是用戶之間口碑宣傳后主動購買的,甚
至沈陽、青島等地的用戶因在行業影響力太小而沒有機會使用我們的軟件,我們單套軟件的價格也由我當時預期的一萬元左右快速發展到最高達三十萬元以上,收款方式也由最初的試用后付款發展為付款后安裝和培訓。
轉折發生在我在成都的一次軟件實施經歷,成都的用戶也是一家在床品、針織、百貨領域頗具影響的代理商,同時涉足市場批發、自營專賣店和商超等多種銷售渠道。由于所使用管理軟件功能上的局限,這家企業同時使用了批發銷售管理、專賣店銷售管理、商超銷售管理、財務管理和OA五套相互獨立的管理軟件,雖然我當時并不知道“信息孤島”這個名詞,但同時使用多套管理軟件會企業帶來信息多口采集、重復輸入以及多頭使用和維護,使信息使用和管理效率低下,影響了企業管理數據的完整性、一致性和正確性,給企業帶來無效勞動、資源浪費、效益流失、無法發現管理漏洞和控制管理風險的后果,情節嚴重的甚至因數出多口導致企業內部管理混亂和誤導決策等等危害我還是很清楚的。
這次軟件實施經歷深深觸動了我,就像上次發現軟件行業的市場機遇一樣,我又覺得集成管理軟件將是管理軟件行業未來發展的方向,也是軟件企業發展的難得機遇,甚至將企業管理軟件應用的發展分為三個階段,初級階段為以基礎數據統計和單據打印為特征的啟蒙應用階段,中級階段為融合標準應用、行業應用和企業個性化應用為一體的管理應用階段,最后必將發展成為把企業資源計劃ERP、客戶關系管理CRM、協同辦公OA、人力資源管理HR、供應鏈管理SCM等等企業信息化集成在一起的集成應用階段。
性格上追求完美的我毅然放棄了原有軟件的升級和軟件招商計劃,并因觀念上的分歧和原合作伙伴果斷分手,重新組建團隊開始了全面集成協同辦公OA、企業資源計劃ERP、業務流程重組BPR、企業風險控制ERC、商業智能BI、人力資源管理HR、客戶關系管理CRM、供應鏈管理SCM、企業信息門戶EIP等九大應用軟件功能為一體的“協鑫信息集成管理系統”的設計和開發。完全集成管理系統的成功開發到現在為止還沒有先例,至少我現在還不知道,其間的工作量和難度遠遠大于我當時的預期,雖然我們團隊也把“把麻煩留給自己,把方便給予用戶”作為我們的座右銘,但在沒有收入的日子里任何一筆開銷對我們來說都會是一個艱難的決定,其間的艱難也只有經歷創業的人才能真正體會得到。好在我們還是在伙伴、親戚朋友以及前期軟件用戶的支持和幫助下完成了數據庫和軟件架構的設計以及人力資源管理HR、協同辦公OA等部分軟件功能的實現。
沒有完美的產品,只有追求完美的過程,企業只有先生存下來才有追求完美的機會。如果當時我們能在“萬商寶4S信息管理系統”良好發展勢頭的情況下招商,也許我們現在不僅能夠解決集成管理系統的投入,也可以為集成管理系統的招商積累一定的代理商和用戶資源,大大縮短集成管理系統的上市時間。
我不是一個喜歡后悔自己任何決定的人,但是通過對前段創業經歷的復盤,使我放棄了等軟件全部功能集成之后再招商的想法,我們已經在工商局預核準了“北京協鑫軟件有限公司”的公司名稱并計劃春節以前開始部分功能軟件的招商,邁入邊銷售、邊完善的發展階段。在此我想和所有草根創業者分享下面幾段話:
——追求完美本沒有錯,錯在追求完美只是一個過程而非結果,我們不是喬布斯,我們的企業也不是蘋果,我們還還不具備追求完美的條件。
——前景是美好的,但追求完美的性格可能導致我們的希望破滅在遙望前景的途中。
——吃著碗里為生存,瞧著鍋里求發展。
第三篇:創業團隊之平安夜策劃書與創業者協會策劃書
創業團隊之平安夜策劃書
一、活動主題
蘋果祝福,平安相隨,遠離電腦一夜,享受美好大學。
二、策劃目的
利用圣誕節及平安夜的“天時”最大限度地促進平安果的銷售。
環境分析
平安夜吃蘋果寓義平安,這在許多年輕人,尤其是學生群體中已被普遍接受。就拿我們學校來說,如果每個人吃一個蘋果的話,就可以有相當可觀的銷售量,所以說市場是極為可觀的。另外,在學校周圍銷售蘋果的地方,除了超市就是街邊的小攤販,蘋果是有,但是缺乏一種品味,一些重要的附加價值。而學生大多屬于比較感性浪漫的群體,如果能把蘋果當做一種文化,一種高附加值的商品來買,一定可以大幅度的提高銷售量。
綜上而言,我們銷售的蘋果優勢在于產品附加值高,更能吸引顧客,刺激購買欲望。劣勢在于銷售渠道不足夠廣泛,來自校外的競爭壓力大,尤其是來自相關禮品店的壓力。
四、營銷目標
總銷量三千只左右。
營銷戰略
1.市場細分
主要針對的是學生。學生消費者可以分為兩種:
1.買來自己吃,2.買來送人。
這兩者相比,2.結合社團的力量,可以推出送祝福的活動,即對方寫下收祝福人的詳細地址,我們負責送。但是送出人繳納一定的購置(蘋果和祝福卡片)費用。
創業者協會策劃書
一、產生背景
當今世界,國際國內形式變幻莫測、經濟迅猛發展,眾多新的行業和機會層出不窮。在這個信息爆炸的時代,機遇和風險并寸。如何使自己在紛繁復雜的各種行業、項目中做出正確選擇,使自己贏在起點并且贏得未來,是每一個有志創業人士最難得的決擇。
對有創業夢想的個人來說:理清思路、找準方向、把握機遇,再者就是創業知識的積累和人脈關系的擴展都決定自己創業的成敗!對現有企業老板來說:自己企業的發展方向是否符合未來的經濟趨勢?公司管理和員工業務素質的提高是否體現出公司先進的企業文化?公司商務人脈網絡如何將直接影響公司未來的成長!你的公司是否經得住世界經濟風暴的吹殘?個人要創業、公司要發展,我們只有聯誼起來,因為我們擁有21世紀先進的創業理念而走到一起建立屬于我們的商務聯盟!為此聊城創業者協會誕生迫在眉睫。
二、協會活動范圍
協會是為創業個人和企業成長提供的一個服務平臺,因此協會針對企業和創業個人服務開展以下相關活動:
(1)創業講座:邀請創業成功人士闡述創業知識和經驗,對創業個人提供有計劃系統的創業知識學習和創業案例指導;對現有企業業務員工管理和業務能力提升提供一個學習的平臺。
(2)創業交流會:邀請成功名人主持,協會會員交流創業心得,對業務進展遇到的疑難問題給予排解,對有項目個人給予項目分析指導,給企業員工業務能力提升演講機會,介紹業務經驗提升業務能力知名度,同時是對自己公司產品和業務一種很好的宣傳方式。
(3)商務沙龍:為企業和創業個人提供項目推廣和產品推廣平臺,增強企業老板業務聯系、鞏固業務人脈網絡,透視外界最新商業信息。
(4)大學生職業規劃培訓:用嶄新創業創意理念培訓具有創新意識、創業觀念、21世紀經濟領域高素質能力類型人才。培養企業創業人才;為企業提供高素質業務以及經理管理人 才。
(5)企業員工培訓:協會組織成功培訓人士對協會會員企業定期義務培訓,包括:員工高素質服務和創新理念,禮儀、銷售能力素質提升等。
(6)企業家俱樂部:成功學大師主持演講時代經濟發展趨勢,透視時代前沿經濟信息;企業家針對時代經濟話題提問質疑;企業家創業成功分享個人展示,企業名人塑造;建立成功學家和企業業務指導聯系,提升企業產品出品率。
(7)舉辦國際大型財富:以協會創業團隊實力之名,申請籌劃國際大型財富,讓成功指點聊城,讓聊城創業成就走出去,并且努力建立企業和成功學家項目指導關系。
(8)協會項目研發部:為會員企業提供項目分析和相關義務服務,為會員企業和會員個人提供項目實施合作伙伴;結合信息行業、傳統行業以及新類型行業研發適合協會會員賺錢的創業項目并且指導實施。
(9)創建屬于自己的創業體系,研發管理網絡體系。
三、協會作用
協會擁有企業會員與個人會員,因此協會本著幫助企業會員創收最大利益,培養創業個人事業成功為協會最高宗旨。為企業和個人付出的一切服務都是協會的義務,幫別人取得了經濟利益而為自己贏得了人脈是我們協會的口號。
企業會員收益:(1)企業經理和員工享受參加創業講座和創業經驗交流會,提升員工業務素質能力利于公司發展;(2)根據公司需要享受協會提供的公司員工能力素質培訓;(3)協會為會員企業提供(輸送)高素質招聘人才(經協會培訓),解決企業人才短缺難題;(4)協會為會員企業義務連接企業網站,發布新產品推廣和招聘信息,擴大企業宣傳力度;(5)為企業或者企業法人播放15分鐘業務或者傳記視頻,增強企業和個人知名度;(6)優惠參加成功學家主持的國際大型財富,優先參與師企合作;(7)會員企業參與協會組織各項活動并且給予理想化建議;(8)會員企業將享受協會對外推廣的“聊城商業聯盟”,增強自己企業海內外聲譽;(9)會員企業隨時將自己的新項目說明會方案遞呈協會,協會義務為企業通過商務沙龍進行推廣;(10)協會協助企業組織團購會;(11)協會會員一起參與聊城商業聯盟創業規劃,實現輕松創業。
第四篇:從女性主義角度解析簡愛與德伯家的苔絲之開題報告
Applicant`s name: Ⅰ.Title:
Reading from Feminism Perspective Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles Ⅱ.Abstract: ⒈Research question Jane Eyre and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two typical novels of the Victorian era, both of them proclaim the consciousness of independence and resistance of women who have lower social status.This article starts from the situation of women and development of feminism at that time and analyze the two novels from the perspective of feminism.⒉Rationale for the study In the Victorian era, man was still holding the dominant position.Women don`t have equal rights with man.For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right.Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote.Taking care of children and husband are their only duty.The writers reveal the living situation of women through the characters in their novels.What`s more, as the awakening of female consciousness and development of feminism, the characters are granted the features of independence and resistance.⒊Methodology In this paper I firstly use standardized research to outline the theory in this study.This method will be based on secondary research which source will be the research published in various journals and management publications.⑴Advantages of Secondary Research The most important factor determining me to use the secondary data is that it is easy to do and helps to save time.My research dissertation has to be completed within four months, which implies constraints from the time, and some other factors.Furthermore, the verification process is more rapid and the reliability of the information and conclusion is greatly enhanced.⑵Disadvantages of Secondary Research
Although secondary data collection is very useful for us to collect the existing information, the information collected through this method may be incomplete.Using this technique requires people to be quite clear about what they are looking for and the technique is restricted to the materials that already exist.It is not a flexible way to collect materials.If you are not clear about what you are looking for, you may spend much time but not collect the materials you need.So this method of documentation should be used base on the assumption that you have the clear objective about what kind of materials you want to collect.And the data and information that you want to collect through this method must be the real and existing information available in the market.So this method just can help to collect the past and historic information and can not collect the in-depth information.Ⅲ.Procedure: Firstly, Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte and another novel Tess of the D`Urbervilles written by Thomas Hardy have been read.I am familiar with the characters in the novels, their image, their features and their families.Secondly, I will read some books record the history of the Victorian era to realize the living condition of women.Moreover, I want to know the social background and what the authors want to reflect of the society.Lastly, I will read literature about feminism, such as the source of it and its development in the 19th century.Then I will on the perspective of this theory to analyze expression of feminism in the novels.Above all, I can use library method to do the theoretical outline of this dissertation.Some journals and articles from internet will be read.Ⅳ.Timetable To decide a topic
November, 2013 Collect secondary materials and review of literatures
December, 2013 Complete a research proposal
December, 2013 Write up results and conclusion
January, 2014 First draft of project report completed
January, 2014 Second draft of project report completed
February, 2014 Third draft of project report completed
April, 2014 Final writing of project report
April, 2014 Ⅴ.Introduction: ⒈Purpose of the study The main purpose of this research is to analyze the feminism in the two novels, one aspect is their spirit of resistance, another aspect is their perception of love which shaped by their independent personality.Comprehending the social background of the novels and the development of feminism in Victorian era is the first task.⒉Importance
Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles are two famous works with the profound history of imprinting, we regard them as canons until now.The novels are worth being studied because their literary value and historical value.In the Victorian era women did not want to be limited by children and families, they eager to have jobs, social status, and even political rights same with man.From the perspective of feminism, the novels show awaking of women`s consciousness.That time and those novels help to feminism study all over the literature.⒊Major issues and sub-problems This study seeks to study
1.The expression of feminism in Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles, including the independent personalities, what did the characters do when they trapped in dilemma, their perception of love.2.The living conditions, social status and rights of women in Victorian era 3.The source of feminism and developing process in that era ⒋Delimitation and boundaries
1.Do the research from the perspective of feminism 2.Just analyze the two novels,Jane Eyre and Tess of the D`Urbervilles 3.State the living condition of women only in Victorian era Ⅵ.Key concepts
⒈Victorian era(social status of women, literature)
Man in Victorian era thinks that women are in inferior position , even the most famous poet and great leader of that time also have the same thought.Women are appreciated because they are obedient to their husband.Women don`t have equal rights with man.For instance, when man and women get marry, the property brought by women will belong to her husband, when they divorce, women don`t have guardianship right.Besides that for most of women, finding job is an incredible thing, much less have right to vote.Some great novelists try to reflect the true life of the public from different aspects at that time.Meanwhile, they carry the duty of criticizing the society and defending interest of people.Their novels with the same feature, they care about life and fate of general people, they show their anger for the poverty and injustice.The most vital thing is that they wake up the consciousness of social problem and development from the public.Their works truly reflects the reality and spirit of that era.⒉Jane Eyre Jane Eyre is a representative work with autobiographical color of Charlotte Bronte.Jane Eyre was an orphan of poor clerical family.This young girl was placed in foster care with her aunt and uncle.However, Jane`s uncle passed away, she suffered ill-treat and bear discrimination from her aunt and cousins in decade.Later, she was sent to the ROM.Wood orphanage, where children had hard life and died in their bed.In that school, her best friend Helen passed away.Then the condition was improved, Jane got education for 6 years.As the leaving of her teacher---Miss temple Bohr,she left the school.Finally, she found a job in Thornfield manor as a tutor.Gradually, Jane fall in love with the host Mr Rochester.However, someone came to testify Mr Rochester had got married with the mad woman locked in the third floor of the abbey 15 years ago.They were separated by law in pain.Jane left the abbey and led a vagrant life.A priest St.John, her cousin took her in and gave her a job as a teacher in a school.Later, they got legacy left by Jane`s uncle.John proposed to Jane for a reason she fit to be a wife of priest.Jane refused him and went to visit Mr Rochester.However, she found the abbey became a total ruin.The mad woman died after falling from the building.Mr.Rochester lost an arm and eye for saving his mad wife.Finally, Jane Eyre got married with him and they had happy life.⒊Tess
Tess`s father is a simple farmer, that he is descended from the illustrious D`Urbervilles family or maybe not.He send Tess to check on a family named D`Urbervilles living in a manor house less than a day`s carriage ride away.Alec is delighted to meet this beautiful “cousin”.Then, Alec falls in love with Tess and rapes her.She leaves the family and back to home, she finds she is pregnant.She is laughed and discriminated.After the baby dies, she begins work as milkmaid, there she meets her true love Angel Clare.They fall in love, but Angle does n`t learn of her previous relationship with Alec until their wedding night and rejects her.Deserted by her husband, Tess meets Alec again, but poverty forces her to resume their relationship.Angle returns from traveling abroad, remorseful at his treatment of Tess, but finds her with Alec.Tess murders Alec in order to run away with Angle.They spend one night of happiness together before she is arrested and hung.⒋British Feminist Literary Criticism
British Feminist Literary Criticism has a long history.The most famous work is A Vindication of the Rights of Women written by Mary Wollstonecraft, published in the 1792.She holds the opinion that the educational degree of women should match their social status.She asserts women should be given the same social rights like men, rather than are treated as the subsidiaries of society or a part of family property.Her opinion of feminist criticism is carried on by people in 19th century and 20th century.For instance, some outstanding writers, Jane Austin, the Bronte sisters, George Eliot, they express feminist feelings through characters in their novels.British feminism is divided into three groups: Liberal Feminism, Social feminism(Marxist feminism)and Radical Feminism.In the Victoriann era the liberal feminism which purpose is erasing the social distinction in law, politics, employment and other social fields of life via legal reform is the main trend.In the 20th Virginia Woolf gets the greatest achievement in the British feminist literary criticism because she puts forward the female economic independence consciousness.She pointed out economic independence has closed connection with education, privation of women restrict development of education.The second high tide of British feminism is motivate by a work Women`s Two Roles written by Viola Klein and Alva Myrdal in 1956.They think female should integrate family with work, elevate economic status so that they can get ride of the subordinate position in society.Ⅶ.Literature review [1]Charlotte Bronte(2003)Jane Eyre Shanghai:World Publishing Corporation [2]Thomas Hardy(2008)Tess of the D`Urbervilles Beijing:Foreign Languages Press
[3]Clayton Roberts.David Roberts.Douglas R Bisson(2002)A History of England, VolumeⅡ:1688 to the Present 4th ed.London:Pearson Education.Inc.[4]Martha Licinus(1980)Suffer and Be Still Women in the Victorian Age Bloomington:Indiana University Press
[5]Virginia Woolf(2003)On Novels and Novelist Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House [6]Elain Showalter(2005)A Literature of Their Own Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press [7]Charles E.Bressler(2004)Literary Criticism:An Introduction to Theory and Practice Beijing:Higher Education Education Press [8]Dale Kramer(2000)The Cambridge Companion to Thomas Hardy Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press [9]張京媛.當代女性主義文學批評.北京大學出版社,1992 [10]王衛新,隋曉獲.英國文學批評史.上海外語教育出版社,2012 [11]楊靜遠.勃朗特姐妹研究.中國社會科學出版社,1983 [12]張載中.托馬斯-哈代——思想與創作.外語教學與研究出版社,1983