第一篇:約克公爵在倫敦政治經濟學院亞洲論壇的講話時間
約克公爵在倫敦政治經濟學院亞洲論壇的講話時間:2010-04-05 22:44來源:口譯網 作者:口譯網 點擊:1063次
2010年3月31日,倫敦政治經濟學院主辦的亞洲論壇在北京召開,五百余名代表出席并聆聽關于這一地區的重大經濟、政治及地緣問題方面的專家意見。英國貿易與投資領域的特別代表約克公爵出席并發言,以下為講話全文:
Speech at LSE Asia Forum by His Royal Highness The Duke of York 29 Mar 2010
約克公爵在倫敦政治經濟學院亞洲論壇的講話 2010年3月31日
Ladies and Gentlemen,女士們,先生們:
I am delighted to be able to join you just for a short time at the beginning of your London School of Economics Asia Forum.我非常高興能夠在倫敦政治經濟學院亞洲論壇開幕式上,與各位短暫的見面。
These are the sorts of the events that members of the Royal Family are occasionally asked to as it were pat you on the head before you start.Then we are rudely removed from the room and unable to join you and actually understand and listen and be a part of the very important thinking and discussions that are going to take place here during either the rest of this morning or the day.And I am afraid that today is no exception.I am being shuffled off shortly to go somewhere else so my participation is just to say hello and shortly to say goodbye.However, this forum is an increasingly influential event and it’s attracting a great many thinkers, policy makers, academics and ideas.But it also brings together business people who are engaged in some of the key issues facing not only this region, but more widely, the globe.王室成員時常不定期地被邀請出席各種活動,在活動開始前,我們會被提醒參加。然后,我們會失禮地離開會場,不能與你們一起真正了解和傾聽,以及實際參與今天上午或者是一整天會議的重要討論和思考。今天恐怕也不例外。一會兒我又被簇擁著趕到其他場合,所以只是來和大家簡單地問聲好。亞洲論壇已經日漸成為影響力巨大的活動,吸引了越來越多的思想家、政策決策者、學者,匯聚了來自四面八方的意見。亞洲論壇也使一些面臨亞洲、乃至全球性問題的商務人士匯聚在一起。
It is a great opportunity today to debate some of the challenging issues that face us all with high profile leaders in their particular fields.Now I’ve heard already about the number of different panels that will take place today addressing a range of issues as you face the coming years.The first panel that I have heard about that is going to take place this morning will be discussing financial regulatory issues, an area which challenges all of us and those challenges are all too apparent.Rather than being shuffled off in about five minutes I rather would’ve actually had liked the opportunity to learn a little bit about what’s going to happen in the future, but I do hope that somehow somebody will give me either a video recording of what went on or a transcript because these ideas that you are talking about are very, very important to the future.Not only the future of the globe, but also to the future in some respects of London.Because London is one of the worlds leading financial centres.China is home to some of the largest financial institutions in the world and is rapidly a developing market for the full range of financial products and services that we see in London on a daily basis.So between the UK and China there is strong mutual and global interests in building and financial regulatory regime that is stable and that promotes financial stability, but at the same time does it in a way that does not increase costs to much and continues to encourage investment.今天我們將利用這個非常好的機會,與特定領域的領軍人物就我們所有人共同面臨的一些挑戰性問題展開討論。現在,我已經了解到,今天將就多少不同專題進行討論,以解決大家在未來數年所面臨的一系列問題。據我所知,今天早上將首先討論的議題是金融監管問題,這一領域的問題對我們所有人來說是個挑戰,并且那些種種挑戰已經非常明顯。如果不是五分鐘后就要離開這里,我非常愿意利用這次機會,了解一些未來到底會發生什么,但是,我確實希望能夠得到此次論壇的視頻錄像,或著書面記錄,因為你們談論的觀點對未來確實非常非常重要,不僅關系到全球的未來,而且關系到倫敦某些方面的未來。倫敦是世界主要的金融中心之一。中國擁有一些世界上規模最龐大的金融機構,并且,全范圍的金融產品和服務市場發展迅猛,對此,我們每天在倫敦都能了解到。由此,英中兩國間,在構筑和制定穩定的金融監管體制上,存在著非常符合我們雙方乃至全球的利益,促進金融穩定,但同時,又不會在某種程度上過多增加成本,而且仍然能夠繼續鼓勵投資。
It is an area in which both countries are fully engaged and in which we have a very close level of cooperation, particularly under the united Kingdom – China economic and financial dialogue.More broadly I would hope the Chinese companies will continue to take advantage of the benefits of establishing a presence in the United Kingdom as a part of your ‘going out’ business strategy business strategy.Plugging into the United Kingdoms strong innovation, research and development platform will, I think, bring you strength and depth to any globally focussed business.In addition to this, London is one of the world’s leading international financial centres can also offer access to capital and liquidity to help support the internationalisation of your businesses.Now the United Kingdom and the London School of Economics in particular lead the world in research and education in the areas of finance and economics.The links that have been established through that experience and through the long collaboration that has taken place make a huge contribution to the relations between the United Kingdom and the world.This is not just with China or just with Asia, it is with the world.And that is the field of business, government relations, academics and in other areas.These links go from strength to strength, and just one example, because this year that we estimate there are going to over 80,000 Chinese students studying in the United Kingdom, and there are a growing number of British students that are beating a path to China.The UK’s higher educational institutions, and I would say this wouldn’t I, are among the best in the world, and I would also add that the London School of Economics is amongst the best of those.這是一個兩國都深度參與的領域,尤其是英中兩國通過英中經濟財金對話,在這一領域有著非常密切的合作。我希望中國企業繼續更廣泛地利用在英國設立機構的優勢,作為你們“走出去”企業戰略的一部分。我想,結合英國強大的創新、研究和發展平臺,將提升你們處理任何全球熱點商業業務的實力。另外,作為世界主要國際金融中心之一的倫敦,能夠提供資金和資金流動性,從而支持你們業務的國際化。目前英國,尤其是倫敦政治經濟學院在財經領域的研究和教育處于世界領先地位。英國在此方面豐富的經驗,以及與各方長期的合作,極大地促進了英國與世界建立密切的聯系。英國不僅僅與中國,或者僅僅與亞洲,而是與世界建立廣泛的聯系,不僅在商業,還在政府關系,學術以及其他領域建立了廣泛聯系。這些聯系因相互交往而越加密切,比如今年,我們預計將有8萬多名中國學生赴英國留學,反過來,英國學生留學中國的數量也在逐漸增長。我要說,英國的高等教育機構辦學水平當屬世界一流,而倫敦政治經濟學院更是其中數一數二的院校。
So today, I wish this forum and the continued collaboration between academia and China and in Britain every good fortune.I hope that you have a really, truly interesting day, and my apologies and sadness that I cant stay here to learn more about the very interesting discussions that you are going to have.In the meantime, have a wonderful day, and thank you for listening.最后,我祝愿此次論壇取得圓滿成功,祝愿中英兩國繼續在學術界保持良好合作,也希望諸位度過真正有意義的一天。此次不能多了解諸位在此商討的這些非常有意義的討論,對此我深感歉意和遺憾。最后祝各位擁有精彩的一天,謝謝!
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第二篇:2011.1駐英大使劉曉明在倫敦政治經濟學院中國發展論壇上的演講
2011年1月22日,中華人民共和國駐英國大使劉曉明應邀出席倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)中國發展學會舉辦的主題為“中國的國際融合:前景與挑戰”的2011中國發展論壇,并在論壇開幕式上發表了主旨演講。以下為演講全文:
中國與世界合作共贏
——中國駐英國大使劉曉明在倫敦政治經濟學院中國發展論壇上的演講
2011年1月22日,倫敦政治經濟學院
Mutual Benefit Through Collaboration – China & the World--Keynote Speech by H.E.Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the LSE China Development Forum 2011 January 2011, LSE, London 尊敬的戴維斯院長,女士們,先生們: Sir Howard Davies, Ladies and Gentlemen,首先,感謝戴維斯院長的盛情邀請,使我有機會來到倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)發表演講。
May I begin by thanking Sir Howard for this honour of speaking at the London School of Economics and Political Science.其實,我與LSE還很有緣分。這是我第二次訪問LSE。上一次是我剛上任不久來LSE出席“漢語橋”英國賽區的預賽。那是我來英國后的第一場公共活動,也是第一次演講。由于預賽在LSE舉行,又逢虎年,英國選手個個虎虎生威,一路過關斬將,最后倫敦大學亞非學院的蔣思哲(Stewart Johnson)獲特等獎,開了英國選手在世界大學生“漢語橋”中文比賽總決賽中奪冠之先河。他們應感謝LSE給他們帶來的好運。
In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held in the LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the Year of Tiger, the British contestants put on a vigorous and truly outstanding performance.I'm glad to say that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate at SOAS won the competition in the UK and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.當然,真正讓LSE聞名于世的還是它深厚的學術底蘊,使它成為社會科學教學與研究領域的知名學府。LSE也是國際化程度最高的學府之一,培養了140多個國家和地區的精英。值得一提的是,LSE與中國頗有淵源,中國一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造,其中有中國現任外長楊潔篪先生。近年來到LSE求學的中國學生日益增加,目前已超過500人。
The LSE has a well-deserved reputation for academic excellence.It prides itself on its diversity of students from over 140 countries.Many of them then returned home to become leaders in their respective fields.Among them are some distinguished Chinese diplomats, including the current Chinese Foreign Minister Mr Yang Jiechi.I am delighted to learn that the LSE is now home to over 500 Chinese students.此次LSE中國發展學會在2011年歲初舉辦主題為“中國的國際融合:前景與挑戰”的“中國發展論壇”,我認為恰逢其時:一是中西方關系近年來發展較快;二是中國去年剛剛超過日本成為世界第二大經濟體。中國的發展越來越引起外界的關注,人們也越來越關心中國與世界的融合問題,實際上就是中國與世界的關系問題。
The LSE China Development Forum comes at an interesting time, with the interesting theme of “Prospects and Challenges–China's global integration”.This is a time of fast development of China's relations with the West.This is also a time when China again comes under the spotlight, after overtaking Japan to become the second largest economy.China's development is attracting growing international attention.People are wondering about how this would impact the international system and where China's relations with the world are headed.關于這個問題,這幾年外界觀點很多,大致有這么幾種:
People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:
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一是“威脅論”。根據西方近代史上的經驗,“國強必霸”,因此西方一些人認為中國的發展是威脅,世界政治格局的演變是一種零和游戲,你升我降,你興我衰,中國的“韜光養晦”政策就是“臥薪嘗膽”。持這種觀點的人去年非常得意,他們自以為找到了新的例證,將中國在南海、釣魚島問題上正當維護自己主權的行動視作“強硬”,認為中國外交已經開始咄咄逼人。我想,我們還是應該聽聽美國國務卿克林頓上周是如何評價這種觀點的:“在亞太和美國,有人把中國的增長看成是威脅,或將導致冷戰式沖突,或將使美國衰敗”,“我們不接受這些看法”。事實上,堅持原則立場同是否強硬是兩碼事,國家之間打交道,重要的是看是否占“理”,“理直”才能“氣壯”,“理屈”自然“詞窮”。維護國家的主權、安全和發展利益,這就是中國外交的“理”,也是國際關系中的“理”。
Some see China as a threat.They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that “Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony”.They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality.They believe China is “hiding its capabilities and biding its time” before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world.They point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of China's assertiveness.Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last week–“Some in the region and some here at home see China's growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline.…We reject those views.” I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things.What really matters is whether a country is on the right side.You can only make a strong case with good reasons.For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do.This is a major principle in China's foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.二是“責任論”,說是責任論,實際上是說中國“不負責任”。他們認為中國作為國際體系的一份子,享受了現行體系的好處,如經濟全球化和貿易自由化,但沒有做到也不愿去盡一個大國的責任,權利與責任不平衡,實力與作用不匹配,中國只是在“搭便車”。持這種觀點的人眼里就盯著氣候變化、朝核、世界經濟失衡等幾個問題,其實就拿這幾個問題來指責中國“不負責任”也顯得蒼白無力。比如,朝鮮半島局勢最近出現緩和,大家公認中國再次發揮了積極作用。更何況,中國積極參與國際經濟金融體系改革和治理,積極參加聯合國維和行動和打擊海盜,積極推動氣候變化、國際發展等全球性問題的解決。
Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities.These people complain that China has not fully honoured its obligations.They believe that China free-rides the current international system.It benefits significantly from globalisation and trade liberalisation, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power.They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc.Nothing could be further from the truth.China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula.China is taking an active part in the reform of the international economic and financial structures, in UN peacekeeping missions and in the fight against piracy.It is committed to working with other countries for solutions to global issues from climate change to international development.三是,我稱為“跛腳論”。認為中國經濟發展趕上了世界的步伐,但政治、意識形態和價值觀上中國仍是“異類”,兩只腳不是一般長,走得不是一樣快。這樣的觀點,我認為實際上是將自己的價值標準套用到別人的頭上,是一種“自我中心論”,同時也是罔顧事實。中國改革開放的三十多年,難道只有經濟上的快速發展,沒有同步的政治與社會的進步和飛躍?兩者的脫離理論上不成立,實踐中也難以想象。事實上,與30多年前相比,中國不僅是經濟發生了天翻地覆的變化,中國的政治生態、社會結構都取得了大發展,中國政治制度正朝著穩定、民主和效率的方向協調和均衡前進,中國社會既開放,又多元;中國人民不僅生活得更加富裕,而且更加幸福。
Others see China as “a laggard” in certain aspects.They believe that despite China's economic strength, it has not kept pace in the areas of politics, ideology and values.This reflects a self-centred attempt to impose Western values and standards onto China.It defies common sense and logic to believe three decades of reform and opening-up have only brought China economic growth, but not political and social progress.Such logic is flawed in theory and in practice, as China has come a long way in its political and social development.Its political system
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is making balanced and coordinated progress towards stability, democracy and efficiency.And Chinese society has become more open and diverse, resulting in people not only becoming wealthier, but also happier.四是“不定論”。對中國的走向既懷希望,又有疑慮。持這種觀點的人,在西方恐怕不在少數。這種觀點看似很中立,其實同樣有害,因為它可能導致西方迷茫甚至誤判,喪失的不僅是合作的機會,而且是自身發展的機遇。
Lastly, some believe China's future is uncertain.They are torn between hope and fear for China's development, but unsure which way China will turn.This view of China has a large following in the West.It may sound neutral, but it can easily lead to confusion and even miscalculation.That could result in lost opportunities for cooperation and damage to their own development.那么,中國自己到底怎么看與世界的關系和融合問題。我認為,中國在三年前就將這個問題看得很清楚、說得很透徹。胡錦濤總書記在2007年向中共十七大作報告時指出:中國與世界的關系發生了歷史性變化;中國發展進步離不開世界,世界繁榮穩定也離不開中國;中國的前途命運日益緊密地同世界的前途命運聯系在一起。經過國際金融危機的洗禮后,我們對這個看法更加堅定和明確。那就是中國追求和諧發展,中國與世界的關系是一種良性互動。這種關系的特點有三:
So, how does China see its role and relationship with the world? China made this very clear three years ago.In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, President Hu Jintao commented that “China's relations with the world have gone through historic changes.China cannot develop in isolation from the world, and the world's prosperity and stability requires China's contribution.China's future and destiny are increasingly linked to the rest of the world.” The international financial crisis has only reaffirmed China's commitment to harmonious development and a positive relationship with the world.To achieve the goals of successful development:
一是和平發展。中國仍然是一個發展中國家,發展是硬道理。中國爭取和平的國際環境發展自己,又以自身的發展促進世界和平。我們奉行防御性國防政策,永遠不稱霸,永遠不搞擴張;主張不干涉別國內部事務和談判解決國際爭端,致力于維護世界的和平與穩定。
Firstly, China's development is peaceful.China is still a developing country and development remains our top priority.China needs a peaceful international environment to develop, and is ready to contribute more to world peace as it develops.China's development of defence capabilities are for self-defence.Hegemony or expansion is neither a tradition nor an option for China.We stand for non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and call for negotiated solutions to international disputes.二是開放包容。中國的發展是開放的發展。不久前,中國制定了“十二五”規劃,強調要必須實行更加積極主動的開放戰略,拓展新的開放領域和空間,積極參與全球經濟治理和區域合作,不斷提高對外開放水平。我們將以更加開放的姿態面向世界,以更加虛心的態度借鑒人類文明優秀成果和吸收各國發展有益經驗,以更加務實的行動加強國際交流合作。
Secondly, China's development is open and inclusive.Development can never be achieved behind closed doors.China recently formulated its “12th Five-Year Plan”, which called for greater openness in more areas, and a more active role in global economic governance and regional cooperation.To achieve this, we will engage with the world with an open mind.We will borrow from the fine cultural traditions and useful experiences of other countries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.三是互利共贏。中國古人說:“君子愛財,取之有道。”中國要發展,但我們不動別人的奶酪,相反,我們愿和別人一起來把合作的蛋糕做大,共同分享。中國支持歐盟采取的金融穩定措施,這就是互利。歐元垮了,中國經濟難免受損。這就是全球化時代的特點:相互依賴、利益共生。
Thirdly, China's development is a win-win.As an old Chinese saying goes, “A noble man acquires wealth by honourable means”.China's development will not be achieved through a beggar-thy-neighbour approach.On the contrary, we will work with others to make the world economy bigger and share the benefits with others.China supports the EU's financial stabilisation measures, as they are in China's interests.The Chinese economy would
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not escape should the euro collapse.We are all together in a world of interdependence and interconnected interests between countries as a result of globalisation.女士們、先生們,Ladies and Gentlemen,中國的發展是一個進行時,這既是自我超越,也是與世界不斷融合的過程。在這一過程中,中國正在主動適應自身地位發生的一些變化,克服“成長的煩惱”,向外部世界有效宣示自己的意圖和政策。700年前,意大利詩人但丁在其長篇史詩《神曲》中曾經寫道:“走自己的路,讓別人說去吧。”但今天,我們要做的是:“走自己的路,讓別人理解。”我們真誠希望世界看到中國的發展帶來的機遇,并且善于抓住這個機遇,加強互惠合作,造福各自人民。
China's development is an on-going process.It requires efforts by itself.It also calls for closer interaction with the world.China is adapting to its new position in the world and trying to overcome its “growing pains”.More than 700 years ago, the Italian poet Dante wrote in his epic poem the Divine Comedy, “Go your own way;let others talk!” What we are doing today is to: “Go our own way;but let others understand!” We hope the world will appreciate and take the opportunities created by China's development, and work closely with China to bring real benefits to the people.就在昨天,胡錦濤主席結束了對美國的國事訪問,訪問意義重大,成果豐碩,開啟了中美關系的新篇章。中美兩國都強調,致力于從戰略高度和長遠角度出發,加強對話、交流和合作,發展求同存異、平等互信的政治關系,深化全面合作、互利共贏的經濟關系,開展共同應對挑戰的全球伙伴合作,推進人民廣泛參與的中美友好事業,并建立深入溝通、坦誠對話的高層交往模式。如果中美這兩個政治社會制度、歷史文化背景和經濟發展階段迥異的大國,能在新時期發展相互尊重、互利共贏的合作伙伴關系,那么我們還有什么理由懷疑中國與世界關系的前景?
Yesterday President Hu Jintao just concluded his state visit to the United States.This was an important and fruitful visit that opens a new chapter in China-US relations.China and the United States stress the importance to approach China-US relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective by stepping up dialogue, exchanges and cooperation.We are committed to a political relationship of equality and mutual trust, focusing on areas of agreement rather than differences;We are equally committed to an economic relationship of cooperation and mutual benefit;We are also committed to a global partnership to meet global challenges.We will encourage closer interaction and friendship between our two peoples, and foster a good relationship of deep-going discussions and candid dialogue at the top level.If China and the United States, two major countries with very different social systems, cultural traditions and stages of development, are committed to working together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, why should we doubt the future of China's relations with the world?!
最后,我預祝本次論壇順利、成功。
To conclude, I wish the forum a great success.謝謝。
Thank you.4 / 4
第三篇:中國駐英國大使劉曉明在倫敦政治經濟學院中國發展論壇上的演講-中英雙語
2011年1月22日,中華人民共和國駐英國大使劉曉明應邀出席倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)中國發展學會舉辦的主題為―中國的國際融合:前景與挑戰‖的2011中國發展論壇,并在論壇開幕式上發表了主旨演講。以下為演講全文:
中國與世界合作共贏
——中國駐英國大使劉曉明在倫敦政治經濟學院中國發展論壇上的演講
2011年1月22日,倫敦政治經濟學院
Mutual Benefit Through Collaboration – China & the World--Keynote Speech by H.E.Ambassador Liu Xiaoming at the LSE China Development Forum
2011 January 2011, LSE, London
尊敬的戴維斯院長,女士們,先生們:
Sir Howard Davies, Ladies and Gentlemen,首先,感謝戴維斯院長的盛情邀請,使我有機會來到倫敦政治經濟學院(LSE)發表演講。
May I begin by thanking Sir Howard for this honour of speaking at the London School of Economics and Political Science.其實,我與LSE還很有緣分。這是我第二次訪問LSE。上一次是我剛上任不久來LSE出席―漢語橋‖英國賽區的預賽。那是我來英國后的第一場公共活動,也 是第一次演講。由于預賽在LSE舉行,又逢虎年,英國選手個個虎虎生威,一路過關斬將,最后倫敦大學亞非學院的蔣思哲(Stewart Johnson)獲特等獎,開了英國選手在世界大學生―漢語橋‖中文比賽總決賽中奪冠之先河。他們應感謝LSE給他們帶來的好運。
(In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held at LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the year of Tiger, every British contestants put on a vigorous and outstanding performance.I’m glad that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate student at SOAS won the competition in the UK, and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.)
In fact, this is my second visit to the LSE.I made my first public appearance and first speech as the Chinese Ambassador to the UK at the LSE.That was when I attended the Ninth Chinese Proficiency Competition here.As the competition was held in the LSE, and it was shortly after the start of the Year of Tiger, the British contestants put on a vigorous and truly outstanding performance.I'm glad to say that Stewart Johnson, an undergraduate at SOAS won the
competition in the UK and went on to win the top prize in Beijing, becoming the first ever British student to win this prize.Maybe he should thank the LSE for this good luck.當然,真正讓LSE聞名于世的還是它深厚的學術底蘊,使它成為社會科學教學與研究領域的知名學府。LSE也是國際化程度最高的學府之一,培養了140多個 國家和地區的精英。值得一提的是,LSE與中國頗有淵源,中國一些杰出的外交官都曾在LSE深造,其中有中國現任外長楊潔篪先生。近年來到LSE求學的中國學生日益增加,目前已超過500人。
The LSE has a well-deserved reputation for academic excellence.It prides itself on its diversity of students from over 140 countries.Many of them then returned home to become leaders in their respective fields.Among them are some distinguished Chinese diplomats, including the current Chinese Foreign Minister Mr Yang Jiechi.I am delighted to learn that the LSE is now home to over 500 Chinese students.此次LSE中國發展學會在2011年歲初舉辦主題為―中國的國際融合:前景與挑戰‖的―中國發展論壇‖,我認為恰逢其時:一是中西方關系近年來發展較快; 二是中國去年剛剛超過日本成為世界第二大經濟體。中國的發展越來越引起外界的關注,人們也越來越關心中國與世界的融合問題,實際上就是中國與世界的關系問題。
The LSE China Development Forum comes at an interesting time, with the interesting theme of “Prospects and Challenges–China's global integration”.This is a time of fast development of China's relations with the West.This is also a time when China again comes under the spotlight, after overtaking Japan to become the second largest economy.China's development is attracting growing international attention.People are wondering about how this would impact the international system and where China's relations with the world are headed.關于這個問題,這幾年外界觀點很多,大致有這么幾種:
People in the West tend to look at China from many different perspectives:
一是―威脅論‖。根據西方近代史上的經驗,―國強必霸‖,因此西方一些人認為中國的發展是威脅,世界政治格局的演變是一種零和游戲,你升我降,你興我衰,中國的―韜光養晦‖政策就是―臥薪嘗膽‖。持這種觀點的人去年非常得意,他們自以為找到了新的例證,將中國在南海、釣魚島問題上正當維護自己主權的行動視作―強硬‖,認為中國外交已經開始咄咄逼人。我想,我們還是應該聽聽美國國務卿克林頓上周是如何評價這種觀點的:―在亞太和美國,有人把中國的增長看成是威脅,或將導致冷戰式沖突,或將使美國衰敗‖,―我們不接受這些看法‖。事實上,堅持原則立場同是否強硬是兩碼事,國家之間打交道,重要的是看是否占 ―理‖,―理直‖才能―氣壯‖,―理屈‖自然―詞窮‖。維護國家的主權、安全和發展利益,這就是中國外交的―理‖,也是國際關系中的―理‖。
Some see China as a threat.They look at the modern history of Western nations and conclude that “Rising powers are bound to seek hegemony”.They see the shifting balance in the international political landscape with a zero-sum mentality.They believe China is “hiding its capabilities and biding its time” before pressing forward to dominate the region and ultimately the world.They
point to recent acts by China to safeguard its sovereignty in the East and South China Seas as evidence of China's assertiveness.Let me quote from Secretary Hilary Clinton, who spoke about this just last week–“Some in the region and some here at home see China's growth as a threat that will lead either to Cold-War-style conflict or American decline.…We reject those views.” I believe upholding principles and being assertive are two different things.What really matters is whether a country is on the right side.You can only make a strong case with good reasons.For China, safeguarding its interests in sovereignty, security and development is the right thing to do.This is a major principle in China's foreign policy, and is also a principle in international relations.二是―責任論‖,說是責任論,實際上是說中國―不負責任‖。他們認為中國作為國際體系的一份子,享受了現行體系的好處,如經濟全球化和貿易自由化,但沒有做到也不愿去盡一個大國的責任,權利與責任不平衡,實力與作用不匹配,中國只是在―搭便車‖。持這種觀點的人眼里就盯著氣候變化、朝核、世界經濟失衡等幾個問題,其實就拿這幾個問題來指責中國―不負責任‖也顯得蒼白無力。比如,朝鮮半島局勢最近出現緩和,大家公認中國再次發揮了積極作用。更何況,中國積極參與國際經濟金融體系改革和治理,積極參加聯合國維和行動和打擊海盜,積極推動氣候變化、國際發展等全球性問題的解決。
Some believe China should take up more international responsibilities.These people complain that China has not fully honored its obligations.They believe that China free-rides the current international system.It benefits significantly from globalization and trade liberalization, but is reluctant to assume the responsibilities of a major power.They criticize China for lack of responsibility in climate change, the Korean nuclear issue and global economic imbalances, etc.Nothing could be further from the truth.China has played an active role recently in easing tensions on the Korean Peninsula.China is taking an active part in the reform of the international economic and financial structures, in UN peacekeeping missions and in the fight against piracy.It is committed to working with other countries for solutions to global issues from climate change to international development.三是,我稱為―跛腳論‖。認為中國經濟發展趕上了世界的步伐,但政治、意識形態和價值觀上中國仍是―異類‖,兩只腳不是一般長,走得不是一樣快。這樣的觀點,我認為實際上是將自己的價值標準套用到別人的頭上,是一種―自我中心論‖,同時也是罔顧事實。中國改革開放的三十多年,難道只有經濟上的快速發展,沒有同步的政治與社會的進步和飛躍?兩者的脫離理論上不成立,實踐中也難以想象。事實上,與30多年前相比,中國不僅是經濟發生了天翻地覆的變化,中國的政治生態、社會結構都取得了大發展,中國政治制度正朝著穩定、民主和效率的方向協調和均衡前進,中國社會既開放,又多元;中國人民不僅生活得更加富裕,而且更加幸福。
Others see China as “a laggard” in certain aspects.They believe that despite China's economic strength, it has not kept pace in the areas of politics, ideology and values.This reflects a self-centred attempt to impose Western values and standards onto China.It defies common sense and logic to believe three decades of reform and opening-up have only brought China economic growth, but not political and social progress.Such logic is flawed in theory and in practice, as China has come a long way in its political and social development.Its political system is making balanced and coordinated progress towards stability, democracy and efficiency.And Chinese
society has become more open and diverse, resulting in people not only becoming wealthier, but also happier.四是―不定論‖。對中國的走向既懷希望,又有疑慮。持這種觀點的人,在西方恐怕不在少數。這種觀點看似很中立,其實同樣有害,因為它可能導致西方迷茫甚至誤判,喪失的不僅是合作的機會,而且是自身發展的機遇。
Lastly, some believe China's future is uncertain.They are torn between hope and fear for China's development, but unsure which way China will turn.This view of China has a large following in the West.It may sound neutral, but it can easily lead to confusion and even miscalculation.That could result in lost opportunities for cooperation and damage to their own development.那么,中國自己到底怎么看與世界的關系和融合問題。我認為,中國在三年前就將這個問題看得很清楚、說得很透徹。胡錦濤總書記在2007年向中共十七大作報告時指出:中國與世界的關系發生了歷史性變化;中國發展進步離不開世界,世界繁榮穩定也離不開中國;中國的前途命運日益緊密地同世界的前途命運聯系在一起。經過國際金融危機的洗禮后,我們對這個看法更加堅定和明確。那就是中國追求和諧發展,中國與世界的關系是一種良性互動。這種關系的特點有三:
So, how does China see its role and relationship with the world? China made this very clear three years ago.In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, President Hu Jintao commented that “China's relations with the world have gone through historic changes.China cannot develop in isolation from the world, and the world's prosperity and stability requires China's contribution.China's future and destiny are increasingly linked to the rest of the world.” The international financial crisis has only reaffirmed China's commitment to harmonious development and a positive relationship with the world.To achieve the goals of successful development:
一是和平發展。中國仍然是一個發展中國家,發展是硬道理。中國爭取和平的國際環境發展自己,又以自身的發展促進世界和平。我們奉行防御性國防政策,永遠不稱霸,永遠不搞擴張;主張不干涉別國內部事務和談判解決國際爭端,致力于維護世界的和平與穩定。
Firstly, China's development is peaceful.China is still a developing country and development remains our top priority.China needs a peaceful international environment to develop, and is ready to contribute more to world peace as it develops.China's development of defence capabilities are for self-defence.Hegemony or expansion is neither a tradition nor an option for China.We stand for non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and call for negotiated solutions to international disputes.二是開放包容。中國的發展是開放的發展。不久前,中國制定了―十二五‖規劃,強調要必須實行更加積極主動的開放戰略,拓展新的開放領域和空間,積極參與全 球經濟治理和區域合作,不斷提高對外開放水平。我們將以更加開放的姿態面向世界,以更加虛心的態度借鑒人類文明優秀成果和吸收各國發展有益經驗,以更加務 實的行動加強國際交流合作。
Secondly, China's development is open and inclusive.Development can never be achieved behind closed doors.China recently formulated its “12th Five-Year Plan”, which called for greater openness in more areas, and a more active role in global economic governance and regional cooperation.To achieve this, we will engage with the world with an open mind.We will borrow from the fine cultural traditions and useful experiences of other countries, and strengthen international exchanges and cooperation.三是互利共贏。中國古人說:―君子愛財,取之有道‖。中國要發展,但我們不動別人的奶酪,相反,我們愿和別人一起來把合作的蛋糕做大,共同分享。中國支持歐盟采取的金融穩定措施,這就是互利。歐元垮了,中國經濟難免受損。這就是全球化時代的特點:相互依賴、利益共生。
Thirdly, China's development is a win-win.As an old Chinese saying goes, “A noble man acquires wealth by honourable means”.China's development will not be achieved through a beggar-thy-neighbour approach.On the contrary, we will work with others to make the world economy bigger and share the benefits with others.China supports the EU's financial stabilisation measures, as they are in China's interests.The Chinese economy would not escape should the euro collapse.We are all together in a world of interdependence and interconnected interests between countries as a result of globalisation.女士們、先生們,Ladies and Gentlemen,中國的發展是一個進行時,這既是自我超越,也是與世界不斷融合的過程。在這一過程中,中國正在主動適應自身地位發生的一些變化,克服―成長的煩惱‖,向外 部世界有效宣示自己的意圖和政策。700年前,意大利詩人但丁在其長篇史詩《神曲》中曾經寫道:―走自己的路,讓別人說去吧‖。但今天,我們要做的是: ―走自己的路,讓別人理解‖。我們真誠希望世界看到中國的發展帶來的機遇,并且善于抓住這個機遇,加強互惠合作,造福各自人民。
China's development is an on-going process.It requires efforts by itself.It also calls for closer interaction with the world.China is adapting to its new position in the world and trying to overcome its “growing pains”.More than 700 years ago, the Italian poet Dante wrote in his epic poem the Divine Comedy, “Go your own way;let others talk!” What we are doing today is to: “Go our own way;but let others understand!” We hope the world will appreciate and take the opportunities created by China's development, and work closely with China to bring real benefits to the people.就在昨天,胡錦濤主席結束了對美國的國事訪問,訪問意義重大,成果豐碩,開啟了中美關系的新篇章。中美兩國都強調,致力于從戰略高度和長遠角度出發,加強 對話、交流和合作,發展求同存異、平等互信的政治關系,深化全面合作、互利共贏的經濟關系,開展共同應對挑戰的全球伙伴合作,推進人民廣泛參與的中美友好 事業,并建立深入溝通、坦誠對話的高層交往模式。如果中美這兩個政治社會制度、歷史文化背景和經濟發展階段迥異的大國,能在新時期發展相互尊重、互利共贏 的合作伙伴關系,那么我們還有什么理由懷疑中
國與世界關系的前景?
Yesterday President Hu Jintao just concluded his state visit to the United States.This was an important and fruitful visit that opens a new chapter in China-US relations.China and the United States stress the importance to approach China-US relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective by stepping up dialogue, exchanges and cooperation.We are committed to a political relationship of equality and mutual trust, focusing on areas of agreement rather than differences;We are equally committed to an economic relationship of cooperation and mutual benefit;We are also committed to a global partnership to meet global challenges.We will encourage closer interaction and friendship between our two peoples, and foster a good relationship of deep-going discussions and candid dialogue at the top level.If China and the United States, two major countries with very different social systems, cultural traditions and stages of development, are committed to working together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit, why should we doubt the future of China's relations with the world?!
最后,我預祝本次論壇順利、成功。
To conclude, I wish the forum a great success.謝謝。
Thank you.華盛頓當地時間2011年1月25日晚,美國總統奧巴馬在國會發表2011年國情咨文,回顧美國對世界的貢獻,號召美國人民―做大事‖,促進經濟增長,維護全球安全。以下是演講全文:
Remarks of President Barack Obama in State of the Union Address Washington, DC January 25, 2011
奧巴馬總統2011年國情咨文
2011年1月25日 華盛頓特區
Mr.Speaker, Mr.Vice President, Members of
Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow Americans:
眾議院議長先生、副總統先生、各位國會議員、尊敬的客人們、同胞們:
Tonight I want to begin by congratulating the men and women of the 112th Congress, as well as your new Speaker, John Boehner.And as we mark this occasion, we are also mindful of the empty chair in this Chamber, and pray for the health of our colleague – and our friend – Gabby Giffords.今晚我想首先向美國第112屆國會的男女議員、你們的新議長約翰·博納表示祝賀。在我們慶祝這一時刻時,我們仍然很清楚一位國會議員的座位是空著的,讓我們為我們的同事、我們的朋友加布里埃爾·吉福茲的健康祈禱。
It’s no secret that those of us here tonight have had our differences over the last two years.The debates have been contentious;we have fought fiercely for our beliefs.And that’s a good thing.That’s what a robust democracy demands.That’s what helps set us apart as a nation.我們這些今晚出席這一活動的人在過去兩年曾存在分歧,這不是秘密。辯論是非常激烈的,我們為我們各自的觀點進行了激烈的斗爭。這是一件好事,這是強有力的民主所要求的。這種爭論幫助美國成為區別于其它國家的民主國家。
But there’s a reason the tragedy in Tucson gave us pause.Amid all the noise and passions and rancor of our public debate, Tucson reminded us that no matter who we are or where we come from, each of us is a part of something greater – something more consequential than party or political preference.但圖森市的悲劇給了我們一個停止爭論的理由。我們進行的公共辯論引發了噪音、情緒、怨恨。圖森的悲劇提醒我們,不管我們是誰、來自何方,我們中的每一個人都是一個更偉大事務的一部分,它比政黨或者政治傾向更具必然性。
We are part of the American family.We believe that in a country where every race and faith and point of view can be found, we are still bound together as one people;that we share common hopes and a common creed;that the dreams of a little girl in Tucson are not so different than those of our own children, and that they all deserve the chance to be fulfilled.我們是美國大家庭的組成部分。我們相信,在這個各種種族、信仰、觀點并存的國家,我們仍是一個團結在一起的民族。我們擁有共同的希望和信條,圖森小女孩的夢想與我們自己孩子的夢想沒有什么大的差別,這些夢想都應獲得實現的機會。
That, too, is what sets us apart as a nation.這也是使我們作為一個國家產生分歧的原因。
Now, by itself, this simple recognition won’t usher in a new era of cooperation.What comes of this moment is up to us.What comes of this moment will be determined not by whether we can sit together tonight, but whether we can work together tomorrow.現在,簡單地認識到這一點本身將不會開啟一個合作的新時代。這一時刻所能產生的成果取決于我們。這一時刻所產生的成果將不會由我們是否今晚坐在一起而決定,它將被我們明天是否合作所決定。
I believe we can.I believe we must.That’s
what the people who sent us here expect of us.With their votes, they’ve determined that governing will now be a shared responsibility between parties.New laws will only pass with support from Democrats and Republicans.We will move forward together, or not at all – for the challenges we face are bigger than party, and bigger than politics.我認為我們能夠實現合作。我認為我們必須這樣。這是那些把我們送到這里的人們所期望的。他們通過他們的選票決定,執政將是兩黨共同的責任。新的法案只有在獲得民主黨和共和黨議員的支持下才能通過。在面對比黨派或者政治更大的挑戰面前,我們將一起前行,或者原地不動。
At stake right now is not who wins the next election – after all, we just had an election.At stake is whether new jobs and industries take root in this country, or somewhere else.It’s whether the hard work and industry of our people is rewarded.It’s whether we sustain the leadership that has made America not just a place on a map, but a light to the world.現在的利害不是誰將贏得下次選舉,畢竟,我們剛剛舉行完一次選舉。現在的利害是新的就業機會和新的行業是否會在美國生根或者在其它地方。這事關我們人民的 辛勞工作和行業是否能得到回報。這事關我們是否能繼續保持領導能力,這種領導能力使美國不只局限于地圖上的某一個地方,美國因為這種領導能力而成為世界的 燈光。
We are poised for progress.Two years after the worst recession most of us have ever known, the stock market has come roaring back.Corporate profits are up.The economy is growing again.我們作好了前進的準備。在我們大多數人經歷最為糟糕的經濟衰退兩年后,股市已再次大幅上升。公司贏利在增加。經濟在再次增
長。
But we have never measured progress by these yardsticks alone.We measure progress by the success of our people.By the jobs they can find and the quality of life those jobs offer.By the prospects of a small business owner who dreams of turning a good idea into a thriving enterprise.By the opportunities for a better life that we pass on to our children.但我們從不只以這些標準來衡量進展。我們以我們人民的成功來評估進展,通過他們所能找到的工作和這些工作所提供的生活質量,通過小企業主把好點子的夢想轉變成興旺發達的企業的前景,通過我們給我們孩子更好生活的機遇。
That’s the project the American people want us to work on.Together.這是一個美國人民想讓我們從事的事業,美國人民想讓我們共同致力于這項事業。
We did that in December.Thanks to the tax cuts we passed, Americans’ paychecks are a little bigger today.Every business can write off the full cost of the new investments they make this year.These steps, taken by Democrats and Republicans, will grow the economy and add to the more than one million private sector jobs created last year.我們去年12月作了這方面的工作。由于我們通過的減稅法案,美國人今天收到的支票金額要比過去多。所有的企業都可以把它今年所作投資的全部開支注銷。這些由民主黨人和共和黨人合作采取的措施將使經濟增長,增加就業崗位,私人行業去年已創造的1百多萬個就業崗位。
But we have more work to do.The steps we’ve taken over the last two years may have broken the back of this recession – but to win the
future, we’ll need to take on challenges that have been decades in the making.但我們有更多的工作要做。我們在過去兩年所采取的措施可能已克服了經濟衰退的主要困難,但是為了贏得未來,我們必須直面應對那些在過去數十年來一直積累起來的挑戰。
Many people watching tonight can probably remember a time when finding a good job meant showing up at a nearby factory or a business downtown.You didn’t always need a degree, and your competition was pretty much limited to your neighbors.If you worked hard, chances are you’d have a job for life, with a decent paycheck, good benefits, and the occasional promotion.Maybe you’d even have the pride of seeing your kids work at the same company.許多觀看今晚演講的人可能還記得那個找到好工作意味著在附近工廠或者市中心商業區就業的時候。你并不總是需要獲得一個學位,你的競爭基本只限于你的鄰居。如果你努力工作,你可能會終身擁有這個職位,這個工作會給你帶來體面的收入、好的福利,有時還會獲得升職。你可能還會擁有看到你的孩子在同一公司工作的自 豪感。
That world has changed.And for many, the change has been painful.I’ve seen it in the shuttered windows of once booming factories, and the vacant storefronts of once busy Main Streets.I’ve heard it in the frustrations of Americans who’ve seen their paychecks dwindle or their jobs disappear – proud men and women who feel like the rules have been changed in the middle of the game.世界已發生了變革。對于許多人來說,變革是痛苦的。在曾經一度業務繁忙工廠面臨關閉時,我透過百葉窗看到了這種痛苦;在一度繁忙的商業街道空空如也的店門 前,我
看到了這種痛苦;在那些看到收入不斷縮水或者失業美國人的絕望言論中,我聽到了這種痛苦。這就好像,在比賽進行到一半時,表現出色而又頗感自豪的運 動員發現規則突然改變了。
They’re right.The rules have changed.In a single generation, revolutions in technology have transformed the way we live, work and do business.Steel mills that once needed 1,000 workers can now do the same work with 100.Today, just about any company can set up shop, hire workers, and sell their products wherever there’s an internet connection.他們是正確的,規則發生了變化。僅僅用了一代人的時間,技術革命已改變了我們的工作、生活和做生意的方式。一度需要1000名工人的鋼鐵廠現在用100名工人就可以完成同樣的工作。今天,任何一家公司都可以設立商店、雇傭員工、把產品銷售給有互聯網連接的所有地方。
Meanwhile, nations like China and India realized that with some changes of their own, they could compete in this new world.And so they started educating their children earlier and longer, with greater emphasis on math and science.They’re investing in research and new technologies.Just recently, China became home to the world’s largest private solar research facility, and the world’s fastest computer.與此同時,中國和印度等國已意識到,它們在作出一些變革后將能夠在新世界里與其它國家進行競爭。所以,他們開始對他們的孩子進行更早和更長時間的教育,更 加重視數學和科學。他們投資于研發和新技術。就在不久之前,中國已擁有世界上最大的私營太陽能研究設施,世界上運行速度最快的計算機。
So yes, the world has changed.The
competition for jobs is real.But this shouldn’t discourage us.It should challenge us.Remember – for all the hits we’ve taken these last few years, for all the naysayers predicting our decline, America still has the largest, most prosperous economy in the world.No workers are more productive than ours.No country has more successful companies, or grants more patents to inventors and entrepreneurs.We are home to the world’s best colleges and universities, where more students come to study than any other place on Earth.所以,是的,世界發生了變革。就業崗位的競爭是真實存在的,但這不應當使我們灰心,它應當成為激勵我們的動力。請記住,盡管我們在過去幾年遭受到了巨大打 擊,盡管所有的悲觀者預言美國在衰落,但美國仍是世界上最大、最繁榮的經濟體。我們工人的勞動生產率是最高的,我們的公司是最成功的,我們的投資者和企業 家所擁有的專利數是最多的。我們擁有世界上最好的院校和大學,來美國就讀的學生超過任何其它國家。
What’s more, we are the first nation to be founded for the sake of an idea – the idea that each of us deserves the chance to shape our own destiny.That is why centuries of pioneers and immigrants have risked everything to come here.It’s why our students don’t just memorize equations, but answer questions like ―What do you think of that idea? What would you change about the world? What do you want to be when you grow up?‖
更為重要的是,我們是首個以思想立國的國家,這個思想是我們中的每個人都應當有機會來塑造自己的命運。這就是為什么先驅們和移民們數個世紀以來不惜冒著失 去一切的風險來到美國的原因。這就是我們的學生不只是記住方程式,而是會提出―你認為這個想法如何?你想如何改變世界?當你長大后你想成為什么樣的人‖等 問題。
The future is ours to win.But to get there, we can’t just stand still.As Robert Kennedy told us, ―The future is not a gift.It is an achievement.‖ Sustaining the American Dream has never been about standing pat.It has required each generation to sacrifice, and struggle, and meet the demands of a new age.我們將贏得未來,但為了實現這一點,我們不能原地踏步。正如羅伯特·肯尼迪所說的那樣―未來不是一個禮物,它是一個成就。‖維持美國夢從來不是墨守成規。它需要每一代人作出犧牲、斗爭,滿足新時代的要求。
Now it’s our turn.We know what it takes to compete for the jobs and industries of our time.We need to out-innovate, out-educate, and out-build the rest of the world.We have to make America the best place on Earth to do business.We need to take responsibility for our deficit, and reform our government.That’s how our people will prosper.That’s how we’ll win the future.And tonight, I’d like to talk about how we get there.現在輪到我們這一代人了。我們知道在我們的時代為工作和行業進行競爭需要什么。我們需要在創新、教育和建設方面超越其它國家。我們要使美國成為商業環境最 好的國家。我們需要對我們的赤字負責任,對我們的政府進行改革。這就是我們的人民實現繁榮的方法。這就是我們如何贏得未來的方法。今晚,我想談談我們如何 作到這些。
The first step in winning the future is encouraging American innovation.贏得未來的首個步驟是鼓勵美國人創新。
None of us can predict with certainty what the next big industry will be, or where the new jobs will come from.Thirty years ago, we couldn’t know that something called the
Internet would lead to an economic revolution.What we can do – what America does better than anyone – is spark the creativity and imagination of our people.We are the nation that put cars in driveways and computers in offices;the nation of Edison and the Wright brothers;of Google and Facebook.In America, innovation doesn’t just change our lives.It’s how we make a living.我們所有人都無法肯定地預言下一個主要行業將是什么行業或者新的就業崗位來自哪里。三十年前,我們不知道一個被稱作互聯網的東西會引發經濟革命。我們所能 做的是,爭取在這些方面比其它國家的人做得更好,激發美國人民的創造性和想像力。我們是一個將車開到車道上、把計算機放在辦公室的國家,是一個擁有愛迪 生、萊特兄弟的國家,是一個擁有谷歌和臉譜(Facebook)的國家。在美國,創新不只改變我們的生活,更重要的是,這是我們賴以謀生的方法。
Our free enterprise system is what drives innovation.But because it’s not always profitable for companies to invest in basic research, throughout history our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support that they need.That’s what planted the seeds for the Internet.That’s what helped make possible things like computer chips and GPS.我們的自由企業制度驅動著創新,但是由于公司投資基礎研究并不總是有利可圖,在歷史上,我們的政府向一流的科學家和發明家提供了他們所需要的支持。這些支持種下了互聯網的種子,這些支持幫助制造出計算機芯片和全球定位儀這樣的東西。
Just think of all the good jobs – from manufacturing to retail – that have come from those breakthroughs.想想所有的好工作,從制造業到零售業都來自于這些突破。
Half a century ago, when the Soviets beat us into space with the launch of a satellite called Sputnik? we had no idea how we’d beat them to the moon.The science wasn’t there yet.NASA didn’t even exist.But after investing in better research and education, we didn’t just surpass the Soviets;we unleashed a wave of innovation that created new industries and millions of new jobs.半個世紀之前,當蘇聯人發射一顆名為―伴侶號‖的人造衛星從而在太空競賽領域擊敗我們時,我們不知道我們如何在登月方面擊敗他們。那方面的科學當時還不存 在,美國宇航局當時甚至都還未組建。但在更好的研究和教育方面投資后,我們不僅超過了蘇聯人,我們還推動了一系列的創新,這些創新創造了新的行業和數百萬 個新就業崗位。
This is our generation’s Sputnik moment.Two years ago, I said that we needed to reach a level of research and development we haven’t seen since the height of the Space Race.In a few weeks, I will be sending a budget to Congress that helps us meet that goal.We’ll invest in biomedical research, information technology, and especially clean energy technology – an investment that will strengthen our security, protect our planet, and create countless new jobs for our people.這是我們那一代人創造的―伴侶號‖走在世界前沿的時刻。我在兩年前說過,我們需要將研發拓展到自太空競賽高峰后再也沒有出現過的新層次上。我將在未來幾周 內向國會提交一份預算案,它將幫助我們實現這一目標。我們將投資于生物醫藥研究、信息技術,尤其是清潔能源技術,這一投資將會強化我們的安全、保護我們的 地球、為我們的人民創造無數新就業崗位。
Already, we are seeing the promise of renewable energy.Robert and Gary Allen are brothers who run a small Michigan roofing company.After September 11th, they volunteered their best roofers to help repair the Pentagon.But half of their factory went unused, and the recession hit them hard.我們已看到了可再生能源的潛力。羅伯特·阿倫和加里·阿倫是一對在密歇根州經營屋頂公司的兄弟。他們在―9·11‖恐怖襲擊事件后志愿派出他們最好的裝修屋頂員工來幫助維修五角大樓,但是他們工廠的半個廠區沒有開工,經濟衰退重創了他們的工廠。
Today, with the help of a government loan, that empty space is being used to manufacture solar shingles that are being sold all across the country.In Robert’s words, ―We reinvented ourselves.‖
今天,在政府貸款的幫助下,空閑的廠房被用于制造銷往全球各地的太陽能電池板。用羅伯特的話說:―我們再造了自己。‖
That’s what Americans have done for over two hundred years: reinvented ourselves.And to spur on more success stories like the Allen Brothers, we’ve begun to reinvent our energy policy.We’re not just handing out money.We’re issuing a challenge.We’re telling America’s scientists and engineers that if they assemble teams of the best minds in their fields, and focus on the hardest problems in clean energy, we’ll fund the Apollo Projects of our time.這就是美國人在過去兩百多年里一直在做的事情,再造自我。為了推動更多像阿倫兄弟這樣的成功故事,我們已開始再造我們的能源政策。我們將不只提供款項,我 們還將提供挑戰。我們將告訴美國的科學家和工程師,如果他們組建他們領域最好的科學家小組,致力解決清潔能源最困難問題,我們
將向我們時代的 ―阿波羅項目‖提供資金支持。
At the California Institute of Technology, they’re developing a way to turn sunlight and water into fuel for our cars.At Oak Ridge National Laboratory, they’re using supercomputers to get a lot more power out of our nuclear facilities.With more research and incentives, we can break our dependence on oil with biofuels, and become the first country to have 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015.在加州理工學院,科學家正在尋找一種將太陽光和水轉換成汽車燃料的方法。在橡樹嶺國家實驗室,科學家們正在通過超級計算機以使從我們的核設施獲得更多能 量。在進行更多的研究和激勵措施后,我們可以用生物燃料來打破我們對石油的依賴,成為在2015年前首個擁有一百萬電動汽車上路的國家。
We need to get behind this innovation.And to help pay for it, I’m asking Congress to eliminate the billions in taxpayer dollars we currently give to oil companies.I don’t know if you’ve noticed, but they’re doing just fine on their own.So instead of subsidizing yesterday’s energy, let’s invest in tomorrow’s.我們需要找到創新背后的要素。為了向創新提供經費支持,我將請求國會取消向石油公司所提供的數十億美元稅款補貼。我不知道你是否注意到這一情況,但石油公司自身運營得很不錯。所以,與其向昨天的能源業提供補貼,我們不如投資于未來的能源。
Now, clean energy breakthroughs will only translate into clean energy jobs if businesses know there will be a market for what they’re selling.So tonight, I challenge you to join me in setting a new goal: by 2035, 80% of America’s electricity will come from clean
energy sources.Some folks want wind and solar.Others want nuclear, clean coal, and natural gas.To meet this goal, we will need them all – and I urge Democrats and Republicans to work together to make it happen.現在,清潔能源領域的技術突破只有在業界知道有銷售市場的情況下才會轉變成清潔能源業的工作崗位。所以,今晚,我想讓你們和我一起來制訂一個新目標:爭取 在2035年之前使美國85%的電力供應量來自清潔能源。一些人想要風力和太陽能,其它人想要核電、清潔煤炭和天然氣。為了實現這一目標,我們將需要所有 這些清潔能源。我呼吁民主黨人和共和黨人通過合作來實現這一目標。
Maintaining our leadership in research and technology is crucial to America’s success.But if we want to win the future – if we want innovation to produce jobs in America and not overseas – then we also have to win the race to educate our kids.保持我們在研究和技術領域的領導地位對于美國的成功至關重要。如果我們想擁抱未來,如果我們想讓創新在美國而不是海外創造就業崗位,那么我們必須贏得教育我們孩子的競賽。
Think about it.Over the next ten years, nearly half of all new jobs will require education that goes beyond a high school degree.And yet, as many as a quarter of our students aren’t even finishing high school.The quality of our math and science education lags behind many other nations.America has fallen to 9th in the proportion of young people with a college degree.And so the question is whether all of us – as citizens, and as parents – are willing to do what’s necessary to give every child a chance to succeed.思考一下吧,在未來十年,近半數新就業崗位將需要擁有高中以上的教育程度。雖然如此,美國仍有近四分之一的學生甚至未完成中學教育。我們教育和科學的教育 質量落后于許多國家。美國年輕人擁有大學學位比例的排行已降至世界第九位。所以問題是,我們所有的人,作為公民,作為父母,是否愿意做那些必要的事情以便 讓每個孩子都有成功的機會?
That responsibility begins not in our classrooms, but in our homes and communities.It’s family that first instills the love of learning in a child.Only parents can make sure the TV is turned off and homework gets done.We need to teach our kids that it’s not just the winner of the Super Bowl who deserves to be celebrated, but the winner of the science fair;that success is not a function of fame or PR, but of hard work and discipline.這一責任不僅是在我們的教室內開始的,也是在我們的家庭和社區里開始的。是家庭首先培養了孩子愛好學習的習慣,只有父母在確保關掉電視的情況下,孩子的家 庭作業才會完成。我們需要教育我們的孩子,不僅是超級碗比賽的獲勝者值得慶祝,那些科學大賽的贏家也應當值得慶祝。成功不是名氣或者公共關系所帶來的,它 是由辛勞的工作和自律造就的。
Our schools share this responsibility.When a child walks into a classroom, it should be a place of high expectations and high performance.But too many schools don’t meet this test.That’s why instead of just pouring money into a system that’s not working, we launched a competition called Race to the Top.To all fifty states, we said, ―If you show us the most innovative plans to improve teacher quality and student achievement, we’ll show you the money.‖
我們的學校也有責任。當一名兒童步入教
室,它就應當是一個被寄以厚望和擁有很高教學能力的地方。但是太多的學校未能達到這一標準。這就是為什么我們沒有向 教育系統注入大筆資金原因,我們啟動了一個名為―沖頂賽跑‖的競爭。我們對所有50個州說:―如果你們能夠向我們展示提高教師質量和學生成就的最具創新力 的方案,我們將向你們提供款項。‖
Race to the Top is the most meaningful reform of our public schools in a generation.For less than one percent of what we spend on education each year, it has led over 40 states to raise their standards for teaching and learning.These standards were developed, not by Washington, but by Republican and Democratic governors throughout the country.And Race to the Top should be the approach we follow this year as we replace No Child Left Behind with a law that is more flexible and focused on what’s best for our kids.―沖頂賽跑‖是我們公共學校在十年內所進行的最有意義的改革。它只使用了不到我們每年教育開支的1%的經費,但它已使40個州提高了教學和學習標準。這些 標準不是由華盛頓所決定的,它是由美國各個州的共和黨和民主黨州長們所決定的。―沖頂賽跑‖應當成為我們今年所采取的方法。我們今年將用一個更為靈活、專 注于用給我們的孩子帶來最大益處的法律來取代《不讓一個兒童落后法》。
You see, we know what’s possible for our children when reform isn’t just a top-down mandate, but the work of local teachers and principals;school boards and communities.你們應該知道,當改革不僅僅是從上到下的指示時,我們的孩子所能夠取得的成績有多大。改革措施將由當地的教師和校長、校董事會和社區來決定。
Take a school like Bruce Randolph in Denver.Three years ago, it was rated one of the worst schools in Colorado;located on turf between two rival gangs.But last May, 97% of the seniors received their diploma.Most will be the first in their family to go to college.And after the first year of the school’s transformation, the principal who made it possible wiped away tears when a student said ―Thank you, Mrs.Waters, for showing… that we are smart and we can make it.‖
以丹佛的布魯斯·蘭多夫學校為例,它在三年前被評為是科羅拉多州最差的學校之一,它位于兩個敵對黑幫爭奪的地盤內。但在去年五月,該校97%的高三學生獲 得了畢業證,大多數人將是他們家庭中上大學的第一人。在學校實現轉變后的第一年,一位學生的話使這一切成為現實的校長流下了眼淚。這個學生說: ―感謝你,威特斯女士,感謝你向我們表明,我們是聰明的,我們能夠成功。‖
Let’s also remember that after parents, the biggest impact on a child’s success comes from the man or woman at the front of the classroom.In South Korea, teachers are known as ―nation builders.‖ Here in America, it’s time we treated the people who educate our children with the same level of respect.We want to reward good teachers and stop making excuses for bad ones.And over the next ten years, with so many Baby Boomers retiring from our classrooms, we want to prepare 100,000 new teachers in the fields of science, technology, engineering, and math.讓我們也記住,除了父母之外,對一個孩子成功的最大影響來自于站在教室前的男女教師們。在韓國,教師們被稱作―國家建造者‖。在美國,現是我們該以同樣程 度的尊重對待那些教育我們孩子的人的時候了。我們應當獎勵好教師,停止為糟糕的教師找借口。在未來十年,由于非常多的嬰兒潮一代教師將退休,我們將需要準 備10萬名科學、技術、工程和數學學科教師。
In fact, to every young person listening tonight who’s contemplating their career choice: If you want to make a difference in the life of our nation;if you want to make a difference in the life of a child – become a teacher.Your country needs you.事實上,對于今晚收聽講演的、正在考慮職業選擇的年輕人,如果你想讓我們國家前途有所不同,如果你想讓一個孩子的生命有所不同,成為一位教師吧。你的國家需要你。
Of course, the education race doesn’t end with a high school diploma.To compete, higher education must be within reach of every American.That’s why we’ve ended the unwarranted taxpayer subsidies that went to banks, and used the savings to make college affordable for millions of students.And this year, I ask Congress to go further, and make permanent our tuition tax credit – worth $10,000 for four years of college.當然,教育競賽不會止步于高中畢業證。為了競爭,必須讓每位美國人都有接受高等教育的機會。這就是我們為什么結束向銀行提供沒有充分根據的稅款補貼,用節 省下來的錢來使數百萬學生能有能力上大學。我今年將請求國會采取進一步措施,使我們的學費稅收抵免永久化,對一個人四年的大學來說,這筆錢相當于1萬美 元。
Because people need to be able to train for new jobs and careers in today’s fast-changing economy, we are also revitalizing America’s community colleges.Last month, I saw the promise of these schools at Forsyth Tech in North Carolina.Many of the students there used to work in the surrounding factories that have since left town.One mother of two, a woman named Kathy Proctor, had worked in the furniture industry since she was 18 years
old.And she told me she’s earning her degree in biotechnology now, at 55 years old, not just because the furniture jobs are gone, but because she wants to inspire her children to pursue their dreams too.As Kathy said, ―I hope it tells them to never give up.‖
由于人們需要在今天快速變化的經濟領域里接受新工作和職業的培訓,我們也將重新使美國的社區學院恢復活力。我上個月看到了北卡羅來納州福費斯社區技術學院 的潛力,學院的許多學生曾在現在已搬離城鎮的附近工廠就業。凱西·普羅克托是一位兩個孩子的母親,她18歲就開始在家具業工作。她告訴我,現年55歲的她 正在攻讀生物技術學位,不只是因為家具業的工作沒有了,而是因為她想鼓勵她的孩子也追求他們的夢想。凱西說:―我希望這將能教會他們永不放棄。‖
If we take these steps – if we raise expectations for every child, and give them the best possible chance at an education, from the day they’re born until the last job they take – we will reach the goal I set two years ago: by the end of the decade, America will once again have the highest proportion of college graduates in the world.如果我們采取這些措施,如果我們提高對每個孩子的期待值,給他們在教育方面最好的機遇,從他們出生至他們上一次的就業崗位,我們將實現我在兩年前確定的目標:在這個十年結束的時候,美國將再度成為擁有大學生比例最高的國家。
One last point about education.Today, there are hundreds of thousands of students excelling in our schools who are not American citizens.Some are the children of undocumented workers, who had nothing to do with the actions of their parents.They grew up as Americans and pledge allegiance to our flag, and yet live every day with the threat of
deportation.Others come here from abroad to study in our colleges and universities.But as soon as they obtain advanced degrees, we send them back home to compete against us.It makes no sense.有關教育的最后一點。今天,我們的學校里有數百萬學業優秀的非美國公民。一些人是非法工人的孩子,他們與他們父母的行為沒有任何關系。他們是以美國人的身 份長大的,宣誓效忠美國,但卻每天生活在將被驅逐的威脅之下。其它人來自海外,在我們的院校和大學里學習,但他們一旦獲得學位,我們就把他們送回國和我們 進行競爭。這沒有道理。
Now, I strongly believe that we should take on, once and for all, the issue of illegal immigration.I am prepared to work with Republicans and Democrats to protect our borders, enforce our laws and address the millions of undocumented workers who are now living in the shadows.I know that debate will be difficult and take time.But tonight, let’s agree to make that effort.And let’s stop expelling talented, responsible young people who can staff our research labs, start new businesses, and further enrich this nation.現在,我強烈地認為,我們應當一下子解決非法移民的問題。我作好了與共和黨人和民主黨人合作以保護我們邊境的準備,執行我們的法律,解決數百萬生活在陰影 之下的非法移民問題。我知道,這方面的辯論將是艱難的,將需要時間。但是今晚,讓我們就開始作出努力達成共識。停止驅逐那些有才能、負責任的年輕人,他們 可以在我們的實驗室工作、創業、給美國帶來新的財富。
本主題由 綠豆蛙加點料 于 2011-7-13 16:13 審核通過
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發表于 2011-7-13 16:14:48 |只看該作者
The third step in winning the future is rebuilding America.To attract new businesses to our shores, we need the fastest, most reliable ways to move people, goods, and information – from high-speed rail to high-speed internet.贏得未來的第三步是重建美國。為了吸引新的行業來到美國,我們需要運送人員、商品、信息最快捷、最可靠的方法,從高速鐵路至高速互聯網等基礎設施。
Our infrastructure used to be the best – but our lead has slipped.South Korean homes now have greater internet access than we do.Countries in Europe and Russia invest more in their roads and railways than we do.China is building faster trains and newer airports.Meanwhile, when our own engineers graded our nation’s infrastructure, they gave us a ―D.‖
我們的基礎設施曾經是世界上最棒的,但現在我們的領先優勢已經下滑。韓國家庭的互聯網接入比例已超過了美國。歐洲國家和俄羅斯在公路和鐵路的投資額超過了 美國。中國正在建造更快的火車和新機場。與此同時,當我們自己的工程師給我們的基礎設施打分時,他們給我們打了一個―D‖。
We have to do better.America is the nation that built the transcontinental railroad, brought
electricity to rural communities, and constructed the interstate highway system.The jobs created by these projects didn’t just come from laying down tracks or pavement.They came from businesses that opened near a town’s new train station or the
new off-ramp.我們必須做得更好,美國是一個建設了州際鐵路、將電力輸往鄉村社區、建設了州際高速公路的國家。這些項目創造的工作不只來自于鋪設鐵軌或者路面,工作機會也來自在鎮里新建火車站或者新外匝道附近開設的行業。
Over the last two years, we have begun rebuilding for the 21st century, a project that has meant thousands of good jobs for the hard-hit
construction industry.Tonight, I’m proposing that we redouble these efforts.在未來兩年,我們已開始為21世紀進行重建。這個項目已為遭到沉重打擊的建筑業帶來了數千個好工作。今晚,我提議我們加倍這方面的努力。
We will put more Americans to work repairing crumbling roads and bridges.We will make sure this is fully paid for, attract private investment, and pick projects based on what’s best for the economy, not politicians.我們將讓更多的美國人從事修理年久失修的道路和橋梁工作。我們將確保這方面的工作有充分的經費保證,吸引私人投資,根據項目對經濟而不是對政治家的最佳益處來選擇項目。
Within 25 years, our goal is to give 80% of
Americans access to high-speed rail, which could allow you go places in half the time it takes to travel by car.For some trips, it will be faster than flying – without the pat-down.As we speak, routes in California and the Midwest are already underway.在未來25年內,我們的目標是使80%的美國人能夠擁有高速鐵路,這將使你乘高速鐵路出行的時間比開車出行的時間減少一半。對于一些旅程來說,它將比乘飛機出行更快,而且沒有嚴格的安檢措施。在我們講話之時,加州和中西部地區的高鐵線路已在建設之中。
Within the next five years, we will make it
possible for business to deploy the next generation of high-speed wireless coverage to 98% of all Americans.This isn’t just about a faster internet and fewer dropped calls.It’s about connecting every part of America to the digital age.It’s about a rural community in Iowa or Alabama where farmers and small business owners will be able to sell their products all over the world.It’s about a firefighter who can download the design of a
burning building onto a handheld device;a student who can take classes with a digital textbook;or a patient who can have face-to-face video chats with her doctor.在未來5年內,我們將使業界向98%的美國人提供下一代高速無線網絡連接成為可能。這并不只是更快的互聯網和更少的漏接電話。這事關使美國的各個地區都進 入數字化時代。這事關衣阿華州或者阿拉巴馬州鄉村社區的農民和小企業主能夠向全世界出售他們的產品,這事關消防隊員能夠用手持裝置來下載著火建筑物的設計 圖。這事關一名學生可以用數字教科書進行上課或者一位病人能夠與她的醫生進行面對面的視頻聊天。
All these investments – in innovation, education, and infrastructure – will make America a better place to do business and create jobs.But to help our companies compete, we also have to knock down barriers that stand in the way of their success.所有這些投資,在創新、教育、基礎設施方面的投資將為美國帶來更好的商業環境并且創造就業。但是為了幫助我們的公司競爭,我們還必須打破那些阻礙它們成功的障礙物。
Over the years, a parade of lobbyists has rigged the tax code to benefit particular companies and industries.Those with accountants or lawyers to work the system can end up paying no taxes at all.But all the rest are hit with one of the highest
corporate tax rates in the world.It makes no sense, and it has to change.多年以來,眾多的游說人士利用稅法來為某些公司和行業謀利,那些在這一系統中就業的會計師或者律師最終什么稅都不交,而所有其他人則要承受世界上最高的公司稅率。這毫無道理,這需要改變。
So tonight, I’m asking Democrats and Republicans to simplify the system.Get rid of the loopholes.Level the playing field.And use the savings to lower the corporate tax rate for the first time in 25 years – without adding to our deficit.所以,今晚,我請求民主黨和共和黨人簡化稅率,根除漏洞,實現公平競爭。用這些節省下來的錢來降低公司稅率,這將是25年來的第一次,而且是在不增加我們赤字的情況下。
To help businesses sell more products abroad, we set a goal of doubling our exports by 2014 – because the more we export, the more jobs we create at home.Already, our exports are up.Recently, we signed agreements with India and China that will support more than 250,000 jobs in the United States.And last month, we finalized a trade agreement with South Korea that will support at least 70,000 American jobs.This agreement has unprecedented support from business and labor;Democrats and Republicans, and I ask this Congress to pass it as soon as possible.為了幫助商業界向海外出售更多的產品,我們確定了在2014年將出口額翻一倍的目標,因為我們出口的越多,在國內創造的就業崗位就會越多。我們的出口額已 經開始上升。我們最近與印度和中國簽署了協議,這些協議將為美國25萬多個就業崗位提供支持。我們上個月與韓國完成了貿易協議的最后文本,它將支持至少7萬個美國就業崗位。這一協議獲得來自行業和勞工組織、民主黨人和共和黨人前所未有的支持。我 請求國會盡早通過這一協議。
Before I took office, I made it clear that we would enforce our trade agreements, and that I would only sign deals that keep faith with American
workers, and promote American jobs.That’s what we did with Korea, and that’s what I intend to do as we pursue agreements with Panama and Colombia, and continue our Asia Pacific and global trade talks.在我就職之前,我明確表示,我們將執行我們的貿易協議。我將只會簽署那些對美國工人有信心、增加美國就業崗位的協議。我們與韓國簽署協議時就是這樣做的,我想在與巴拿馬和哥倫比亞尋求簽署類似協議時也會這樣做,在繼續與我們的亞太和全球貿易會談時持同樣立場。
To reduce barriers to growth and investment, I’ve ordered a review of government regulations.When we find rules that put an unnecessary burden on businesses, we will fix them.But I will not hesitate to create or enforce commonsense safeguards to protect the American people.That’s what we’ve done in this country for more than a century.It’s why our food is safe to eat, our water is safe to drink, and our air is safe to breathe.It’s why we have speed limits and child labor laws.It’s why last year, we put in place consumer protections against hidden fees and penalties by credit card companies, and new rules to prevent another financial crisis.And it’s why we passed reform that finally prevents the health insurance industry from exploiting patients.為了降低增長和投資的障礙,我已下令對政府規則進行重新評估。當我們發現那些給行業帶來不必要負擔的規則時,我們將會修改這些規則。但我將不會毫不遲疑地 設立或者強制執行常識性的保護性規則,以保護美國人民。我們在過去一個多世紀一直是這樣做的。這就是為什么我們的食物、水、空氣是安全的。這就是我們為什 么去年對信用卡公司隱藏資費和懲罰規定采取消費者保護措施,為了避免新的金融危機采取新規則的原因。這就是我們為什么最終通過改革法案以防止醫保行業剝削 病人的原因。
Now, I’ve heard rumors that a few of you have some concerns about the new health care law.So let me be the first to say that anything can be
improved.If you have ideas about how to improve this law by making care better or more affordable, I am eager to work with you.We can start right now by correcting a flaw in the legislation that has placed an unnecessary bookkeeping burden on small businesses.現在,我聽說了有關你們中的一些人對新的醫保法律有一些擔心的傳聞。所以讓我來首先說,所有的事情都有改善的可能。如果你有使醫療護理更加高質量或者更便宜的想法,我很愿意與你合作。我們現在可以著手開始解決法案中給小企業帶來不必要記帳負擔的缺陷。
What I’m not willing to do is go back to the days when insurance companies could deny someone coverage because of a pre-existing condition.I’m not willing to tell James Howard, a brain cancer patient from Texas, that his treatment might not be covered.I’m not willing to tell Jim Houser, a small business owner from Oregon, that he has to go back to paying $5,000 more to cover his employees.As we speak, this law is making prescription drugs cheaper for seniors and giving uninsured students a chance to stay on their parents’ coverage.So instead of re-fighting the battles of the last two years, let’s fix what needs fixing and move forward.但我不愿意去做的事情是,重返保險公司以先決條件為由來否決一些人獲得醫療保險的時代。我不愿意告訴來自得州的腦癌患者詹姆斯·霍華德,醫保公司可能不會 支付他的治療費用。我不愿意告訴俄勒岡州的小企業主吉姆·豪斯,他還得多支付5000美元來使他的雇員獲得醫保。就在我們講話時,這一法案正使給老年人所 開的處方藥更為便宜,使沒有醫療保險的學生有繼續享受他們父母醫保的機會。所以,與其重開過去兩年在這方面的斗爭,不如讓我們糾正需要糾正的地方,向前 走。
Now, the final step – a critical step – in winning the future is to make sure we aren’t buried under a mountain of debt.現在,贏得未來的最后一步最關鍵的一步是確保我們不會葬身于如山的債務之中。
We are living with a legacy of deficit-spending that began almost a decade ago.And in the wake of the financial crisis, some of that was necessary to keep credit flowing, save jobs, and put money in people’s pockets.幾乎從10年前開始,赤字財政幾乎就一直與我們形影相隨。在金融危機爆發后,這在一定程度上對于保持銀行流動性、保護就業以及增加人民收入來說是必要的。
But now that the worst of the recession is over, we have to confront the fact that our government spends more than it takes in.That is not
sustainable.Every day, families sacrifice to live within their means.They deserve a government that does the same.但現在經濟衰退的最糟時刻已經結束,我們必須直面政府財政入不敷出的現實。這是不可持續的。每天,美國的家庭在節衣縮食以保證營收平衡。他們的政府也應如此。
So tonight, I am proposing that starting this year, we freeze annual domestic spending for the next five years.This would reduce the deficit by more than $400 billion over the next decade, and will bring discretionary spending to the lowest share of our economy since Dwight Eisenhower was president.所以今天晚上,我建議從今年開始,凍結未來五年部分國內項目支出。這將使美國財政赤字在未來十年減少4000多億美元,進而使政府可自由支配的開支所占經濟的比例降低到艾森豪威爾總統時期以來的最低水平。
This freeze will require painful cuts.Already, we have frozen the salaries of hardworking federal employees for the next two years.I’ve proposed cuts to things I care deeply about, like community action programs.The Secretary of Defense has also agreed to cut tens of billions of dollars in spending that he and his generals believe our military can do without.凍結需要進行痛苦的削減。我們已經凍結了未來兩年辛勞工作的聯邦雇員的工資水平。我也建議削減我一直非常關注的一些項目的支出,比如社區行動項目。國防部長也已同意削減他與他的將軍們認為對我們軍事影響不大的數百億美元的軍費支出。
I recognize that some in this Chamber have already proposed deeper cuts, and I’m willing to eliminate whatever we can honestly afford to do without.But let’s make sure that we’re not doing it on the backs of our most vulnerable citizens.And let’s make sure what we’re cutting is really excess weight.Cutting the deficit by gutting our investments in innovation and education is like lightening an
overloaded airplane by removing its engine.It may feel like you’re flying high at first, but it won’t take long before you’ll feel the impact.我承認,在座各位中有些人已提出了進一步削減開支的提案,我愿意刪除任何的確可節省的開支。不過,我們必須確保不加重最脆弱的民眾的負擔。而且,我們還要 確保所削減開支屬真正超重部分。通過減少對改革和教育的投資來實現赤字削減,就相當于拆除發動機以實現超載飛機減重的目的。這樣做或許可能讓你一開始覺得 飛得很高,但沒過多久,你就會感受到沖擊。
Now, most of the cuts and savings I’ve proposed only address annual domestic spending, which represents a little more than 12% of our budget.To make further progress, we have to stop pretending that cutting this kind of spending alone will be enough.It won’t.現在,我提出的大部分削減和節省提案只包括在國內支出中,而這種開支僅占我國預算的12%多一點。為了取得進一步進展,我們必須停止僅削減此類開支就已足夠的臆測。這還不夠。
The bipartisan Fiscal Commission I created last year made this crystal clear.I don’t agree with all their proposals, but they made important progress.And their conclusion is that the only way to tackle our deficit is to cut excessive spending wherever we find it – in domestic spending, defense spending, health care spending, and spending through tax breaks and loopholes.去年我組建的兩黨聯立財政委員會已經明確了這一點。我并不認同他們的全部提案,但他們的確取得了重大進步。他們的結論是,解決我國赤字問題的唯一辦法是削減我們能夠發現的所有過度消費,包括國內項目開支、國防開支、醫療開支等等。
This means further reducing health care costs, including programs like Medicare and Medicaid, which are the single biggest contributor to our long-term deficit.Health insurance reform will slow these rising costs, which is part of why nonpartisan economists have said that repealing the health care law would add a quarter of a trillion dollars to our deficit.Still, I’m willing to look at other ideas to bring down costs, including one that Republicans suggested last year: medical
malpractice reform to rein in frivolous lawsuits.這就意味著,進一步降低衛生保健開支,包括像醫療保險和醫療補貼我國長期赤字最大單一來源這樣的項目。醫療保險改革將減緩這些開支的上升,這就是無黨派經 濟學家認為廢止衛生保健法會使我國赤字增加2500億美元的部分原因。我很愿意看到其他降低開支的想法,包括去年共和黨的一項提案:進行醫療事故改革,降 低草率的醫療訴訟發生率。
To put us on solid ground, we should also find a
bipartisan solution to strengthen Social Security for future generations.And we must do it without putting at risk current retirees, the most vulnerable, or people with disabilities;without slashing benefits for future generations;and without subjecting Americans’ guaranteed retirement income to the whims of the stock market.為了構建堅實的基礎,我們還應制定兩黨解決方案,強化后代社會保障。在這一點上,我們不應危及當前退休人員,最易受到傷害的人群,或殘疾人,不應有損后代利益,不應使美國退休收入保障受制于充滿不確定性的股市。
And if we truly care about our deficit, we simply cannot afford a permanent extension of the tax cuts for the wealthiest 2% of Americans.Before we take money away from our schools, or scholarships away from our students, we should ask millionaires to give up their tax break.如果我們真的關心我們的赤字,我們就不能允許永久延長有關2%最富裕美國人的減稅法案。在削減學校資金或學生的獎學金之前,我們應該讓那些百萬富翁們放棄他們的減稅優惠。
It’s not a matter of punishing their success.It’s about promoting America’s success.這不是懲罰他們所取得的成功。而是要促進美國的成功。
In fact, the best thing we could do on taxes for all Americans is to simplify the individual tax code.This will be a tough job, but members of both parties have expressed interest in doing this, and I am prepared to join them.實際上,在稅收方面,我們能為所有美國人做的最好的事莫過于簡化個人稅碼。這將會是一項艱巨的工作,不過兩黨成員已經表示有意從事這項工作,而且我也準備加入他們。
So now is the time to act.Now is the time for both
sides and both houses of Congress – Democrats and Republicans – to forge a principled
compromise that gets the job done.If we make the hard choices now to rein in our deficits, we can make the investments we need to win the future.所以,現在是時候采取行動了。現在是時候兩黨及國會兩院在原則上做出讓步,共同從事這項工作了。如果我們現在做出這一艱難決定,從而嚴加控制我們的赤字,那么我們便能夠進行贏得未來所需的投資。
Let me take this one step further.We shouldn’t just give our people a government that’s more
affordable.We should give them a government that’s more competent and efficient.We cannot win the future with a government of the past.更進一步的說,我們的政府不能負擔得更多。我們應該給人民一個更強有力、更高效的政府。過去的政府無法贏得未來。
We live and do business in the information age, but the last major reorganization of the government happened in the age of black and white TV.There are twelve different agencies that deal with exports.There are at least five different entities that deal with housing policy.Then there’s my favorite example: the Interior Department is in charge of salmon while they’re in fresh water, but the Commerce Department handles them in when they’re in saltwater.And I hear it gets even more complicated once they’re smoked.我們生活和工作在信息時代,但上一次政府大規模重組卻還是在黑白電視機的時代。涉及出口的有12個機構。涉及住房政策的則至少有5個實體。我常舉的一個例子是:大馬哈魚在淡水中時由內政部負責,而在咸水中時則由商業部負責。而我聽說一旦被熏烤之后情況就更復雜。
Now, we have made great strides over the last two years in using technology and getting rid of waste.Veterans can now download their electronic
medical records with a click of the mouse.We’re selling acres of federal office space that hasn’t been used in years, and we will cut through red tape to get rid of more.But we need to think
bigger.In the coming months, my administration will develop a proposal to merge, consolidate, and reorganize the federal government in a way that best serves the goal of a more competitive
America.I will submit that proposal to Congress for a vote – and we will push to get it passed.現在,我們已經在過去的兩年里,在利用技術以及消滅浪費方面實現了突飛猛進。退伍軍人現在點一下鼠標,就能下載他們的電子病歷。我們正在出售幾英畝數年都 未曾使用的聯邦辦公地點,而且我們將去除繁文縟節以便擺脫更多負擔。不過,我們需要考慮更多。未來的幾個月里,我的政府將會提出一項建議,以最有助于實現 打造更具競爭力美國的目標的方法,合并、鞏固并整頓聯邦政府。我將會把這一建議提交給國會進行投票,我們將會推動這一建議的通過。
In the coming year, we will also work to rebuild people’s faith in the institution of
government.Because you deserve to know exactly how and where your tax dollars are being spent, you will be able to go to a website and get that information for the very first time in history.Because you deserve to know when your elected officials are meeting with lobbyists, I ask Congress to do what the White House has already done: put that information online.And because the American people deserve to know that special interests aren’t larding up legislation with pet projects, both parties in Congress should know this: if a bill comes to my desk with earmarks inside, I will veto it.未來一年里,我們將繼續努力重建人民對政府機構的信任。因為你們應當確切知道你們所繳的稅花在哪里,花了多少,你們也將能夠在第一時間登陸網站獲得這些信 息。因為你們應當知道自己選出的官員何時會見游說團體,我已要求國會按照白宮已經在做的將這些信息公布上網。而且
因為美國人民應當知道,特殊利益不能穿插 在小項目的立法中,國會中的兩黨議員應該知道這一點:如果呈現在我案頭的法案中存在―特殊專款‖(一般是指國會議員各自根據其選區或者集團需要,插入預算 報告中的―相關項目專款‖),我將會予以否決。
A 21st century government that’s open and competent.A government that lives within its means.An economy that’s driven by new skills and ideas.Our success in this new and changing world will require reform, responsibility, and innovation.It will also require us to approach that world with a new level of engagement in our foreign affairs.一個具備公開和競爭力的21世紀政府。一個量入為出的政府。一個由新技術與理念驅動的經濟體系。要在這個不斷變化的新世界中取得成功,我們需改革、責任和創新。這還需要我們在外交事務中通過新方法接觸世界。
Just as jobs and businesses can now race across borders, so can new threats and new challenges.No single wall separates East and West;no one rival superpower is aligned against us.正如就業和商貿現在可以跨越國界一樣,新威脅和新挑戰也是如此。隔在東西方之間的不是一堵墻,與我們為敵的也不是某個超級大國。
And so we must defeat determined enemies wherever they are, and build coalitions that cut across lines of region and race and religion.America’s moral example must always shine for all who yearn for freedom, justice, and dignity.And because we have begun this work, tonight we can say that American leadership has been
renewed and America’s standing has been restored.所以,我們必須戰勝敵人,無論他們在哪里,并建立跨越地區、種族和宗教界線的聯盟。美國的道德榜樣必需始終照耀著渴望自由、正義和尊嚴的所有人。因此我們已經開始了這項工作,所以
今晚我們能夠說美國領導階層已經復興,美國的地位已經恢復。
Look to Iraq, where nearly 100,000 of our brave men and women have left with their heads held high;where American combat patrols have ended;violence has come down;and a new government has been formed.This year, our civilians will forge a lasting partnership with the Iraqi people, while we finish the job of bringing our troops out of Iraq.America’s commitment has been kept;the Iraq War is coming to an end.看看伊拉克,我們近十萬勇敢的男女士兵已經昂首挺胸撤離伊拉克,美國的戰斗任務也已經結束。在那里,暴力現象已經開始下降,新政府已經組建。今年,我們的 民眾將與伊拉克人民建立持久伙伴關系,與此同時,我們從伊拉克撤軍的工作也將結束。美國遵守了承諾,伊拉克戰爭即將結束。
Of course, as we speak, al Qaeda and their affiliates continue to plan attacks against us.Thanks to our intelligence and law
enforcement professionals, we are disrupting plots and securing our cities and skies.And as
extremists try to inspire acts of violence within our borders, we are responding with the strength of our communities, with respect for the rule of law, and with the conviction that American Muslims are a part of our American family.當然,誠如我們所言,基地組織及其附屬組織仍在計劃攻擊我們。感謝我們的情報和執法人員,我們正在挫敗他們陰謀,保護我們的城市和天空。對于極端分子激發 我們國內暴力行動的企圖,我們正以社區力量、對法規的尊重,以及對美國穆斯林是我們美國大家庭一份子的堅定信仰,作出回應。
We have also taken the fight to al Qaeda and their allies abroad.In Afghanistan, our troops have taken Taliban strongholds and trained Afghan Security Forces.Our purpose is clear – by
preventing the Taliban from reestablishing a
stranglehold over the Afghan people, we will deny al Qaeda the safe-haven that served as a launching pad for 9/11.我們也同基地組織及其海外盟友展開了戰斗。在阿富汗,我們的軍隊已經占據了塔利班的根據地,并且訓練了阿富汗安全部隊。我們的目標很明顯:通過阻止塔利班再次壓榨阿富汗人民,我們將會阻止基地組織獲得充當9·11起點的避風港。
Thanks to our heroic troops and civilians, fewer Afghans are under the control of the insurgency.There will be tough fighting ahead, and the Afghan government will need to deliver better governance.But we are strengthening the capacity of the Afghan people and building an enduring
partnership with them.This year, we will work with nearly 50 countries to begin a transition to an Afghan lead.And this July, we will begin to bring our troops home.經過英勇的軍隊及平民的奮戰,只剩下少數阿富汗人仍處于塔利班這一叛亂組織的控制下。擺在前面的將會是激烈的戰斗,而且阿富汗政府需要進行更好的管制。不 過,我們正在增強阿富汗人民的力量,并與他們構建持久的伙伴關系。今年,我們將會同近50個國家一起,開始向由阿富汗主導的狀態過渡。今年7月,我們將開 始撤軍。
In Pakistan, al Qaeda’s leadership is under more pressure than at any point since 2001.Their leaders and operatives are being removed from the
battlefield.Their safe-havens are shrinking.And we have sent a message from the Afghan border to the Arabian Peninsula to all parts of the globe: we will not relent, we will not waver, and we will defeat you.在巴基斯坦,基地組織領導階層承受著比2001年以來任何時候都要大的壓力。他們的首領和骨干正在被清除出戰場,他們的避風港正在收縮。
而且,我們已經從阿富汗邊界向阿拉伯半島以及全球各地的恐怖分子發出警告:我們不會留情,我們不會動搖,我們將擊敗你們。
American leadership can also be seen in the effort to secure the worst weapons of war.Because Republicans and Democrats approved the New START Treaty, far fewer nuclear weapons and launchers will be deployed.Because we rallied the world, nuclear materials are being locked down on every continent so they never fall into the hands of terrorists.美國領導人也在努力確保最厲害戰爭武器的安全。因為共和黨和民主黨通過了新《削減戰略武器條約》,可部署的武器和發射器會更少。因為我們要重振世界,要在各大洲限制核材料,以免落入恐怖分子手中。
Because of a diplomatic effort to insist that Iran meet its obligations, the Iranian government now faces tougher and tighter sanctions than ever before.And on the Korean peninsula, we stand with our ally South Korea, and insist that North Korea keeps its commitment to abandon nuclear weapons.因為美國也在通過外交努力堅持要求伊朗履行其義務,所以伊朗政府現在面臨著比以往更加嚴厲的制裁。在朝鮮半島上,我們與盟國韓國站在一起,堅持朝鮮踐行其放棄核武器的諾言。
This is just a part of how we are shaping a world that favors peace and prosperity.With our European allies, we revitalized NATO, and increased our cooperation on everything from counter-terrorism to missile defense.We have reset our relationship with Russia, strengthened Asian alliances, and built new partnerships with nations like India.This March, I will travel to Brazil, Chile, and El Salvador to forge new
alliances for progress in the Americas.Around the globe, we are standing with those who take
responsibility – helping farmers grow more food;
supporting doctors who care for the sick;and
combating the corruption that can rot a society and rob people of opportunity.這僅是我們重塑世界、維護世界和平和繁榮所作出努力的一部分。我們與歐洲同盟一道,在努力恢復北約的活力,增加從反恐到導彈防御等各方面的合作。我們已經 重新設定了與俄羅斯的關系,強化亞洲同盟,并與印度等國家建立了新的伙伴關系。今年三月,我將訪問巴西、智利和薩爾瓦多,打造美洲新的進步同盟。在全球,我們與那些負責任的國家一道,幫助農民生產更多的糧食,支持醫治傷患的醫生,并與敗壞社會風氣和掠奪人民財富的腐敗行為作斗爭。
Recent events have shown us that what sets us apart must not just be our power – it must be the purpose behind it.In South Sudan – with our
assistance – the people were finally able to vote for independence after years of war.Thousands lined up before dawn.People danced in the streets.One man who lost four of his brothers at war summed up the scene around him: ―This was a battlefield for most of my life.Now we want to be free.‖
最近的事件告訴我們,使我們與眾不同的,不僅是我們的力量,也必然還有其后的目的。在我們的幫助下,南蘇丹人民在經歷了多年的戰爭后,最終能夠投票選擇自 己的獨立。他們在黎明前排起了數千人的長隊,人民在大街上歡舞。一名在戰爭中失去了四名兄弟的男子在描述他身邊的景象時這樣說到:―這曾是我生命大多時間 中的戰場,現在我們希望自由‖。
We saw that same desire to be free in Tunisia, where the will of the people proved more powerful than the writ of a dictator.And tonight, let us be clear: the United States of America stands with the people of Tunisia, and supports the democratic aspirations of all people.我們在突尼斯看到了同樣的要求自由的愿望,在那里,事實證明人民的意志比獨裁者的敕令更有力量。今晚,我們要明確宣示:美利堅合眾國人
民與突尼斯人民站在一起,并支持全體人民的民主愿望。
We must never forget that the things we’ve
struggled for, and fought for, live in the hearts of people everywhere.And we must always
remember that the Americans who have borne the greatest burden in this struggle are the men and women who serve our country.我們絕對不能忘記我們為之努力、為之奮斗、所有人都銘記心中的事情。我們必須永遠記住,在這場斗爭中負擔最為沉重的美國人正是那些報效我們祖國的男男女女。
Tonight, let us speak with one voice in reaffirming that our nation is united in support of our troops and their families.Let us serve them as well as they have served us – by giving them the
equipment they need;by providing them with the care and benefits they have earned;and by
enlisting our veterans in the great task of building our own nation.今晚,讓我們共同重申,我們的國家會團結一致地支持我們的軍隊及其家人。讓我們為他們服務,就像他們為我們服務那樣,給予他們需要的裝備、為他們提供應得的保健和福利、并在建設祖國的偉大任務中,為退伍軍人提供支持。
Our troops come from every corner of this country – they are black, white, Latino, Asian and Native American.They are Christian and Hindu, Jewish and Muslim.And, yes, we know that some of them are gay.Starting this year, no American will be forbidden from serving the country they love
because of who they love.And with that change, I call on all of our college campuses to open their doors to our military recruiters and the ROTC.It is time to leave behind the divisive battles of the past.It is time to move forward as one nation.我們的軍人來自這個國家的每一個角落。他們是黑人、白人、拉丁裔、亞裔和印第安人。他們是
基督教教徒、印度教教徒、猶太教教徒和穆斯林。的確,我們知道,其中有一些人是同性戀。從今年開始,美國人都不會因為他們的愛人而被禁止報效其所愛的國家。接下來,我呼吁所有大學校園向我們的軍方征兵人員和后備軍官訓 練隊敞開大門。現在,是時候和過去的分裂斗爭說再見了。我們應該作為一個民族向前邁進。
We should have no illusions about the work ahead of us.Reforming our schools;changing the way we use energy;reducing our deficit – none of this is easy.All of it will take time.And it will be harder because we will argue about everything.The cost.The details.The letter of every law.我們不應該對擺在我們面前的工作心存任何幻想。改革學校、改變能源使用方式、減少赤字,這一切都并非易事,這需要時間。我們會圍繞一切事情展開爭論,這會使難度變得更高,成本、細節、每一個法律條文。
Of course, some countries don’t have this problem.If the central government wants a railroad, they get a railroad – no matter how many homes are bulldozed.If they don’t want a bad story in the newspaper, it doesn’t get written.當然,有些國家不存在這個問題,如果中央政府說要建一條鐵路,他們就會建成一條鐵路——無論這需要拆除多少個家庭的房屋;如果他們不希望一件壞事見報,就沒人會去寫報道。
And yet, as contentious and frustrating and messy as our democracy can sometimes be, I know there isn’t a person here who would trade places with any other nation on Earth.可是,盡管我們的民主有時可能引起爭議、令人沮喪乃至像一團亂麻,但我知道,在場的各位沒有一個人會愿意與地球上任何其他國家的人交換位置。
We may have differences in policy, but we all believe in the rights enshrined in our Constitution.We may have different opinions, but we believe in the same promise that says this is a place where you can make it if you try.We may have different backgrounds, but we believe in the same dream that says this is a country where anything’s
possible.No matter who you are.No matter where you come from.我們在政策上可能有分歧,但對于我們的憲法所賦予的權利我們都深信不疑;我們可能有不同的見解,但我們都堅持一個共同的信念:在這個國家里,只要你努力嘗 試,你就有可能成功;我們可能來自不同的背景,但我們抱有同一個夢想:在這個國家里,任何想法都可能成為現實,無論你是誰,也無論你來自何方。
That dream is why I can stand here before you tonight.That dream is why a working class kid from Scranton can stand behind me.That dream is why someone who began by sweeping the floors of his father’s Cincinnati bar can preside as Speaker of the House in the greatest nation on Earth.正是這個夢想使我今晚能夠站在這里、站在你們面前。正是這個夢想使一名來自斯克蘭頓的勞工子弟能夠端坐在我身后。正是這個夢想使一個最初曾在他父親于辛辛那提開設的酒吧里掃地的人后來能夠在這個地球上最偉大的國家里當上眾議院議長。
That dream – that American Dream – is what drove the Allen Brothers to reinvent their roofing company for a new era.It’s what drove those students at Forsyth Tech to learn a new skill and work towards the future.And that dream is the story of a small business owner named Brandon Fisher.這個夢想——美國夢——驅使著艾倫兄弟為了一個新時代而徹底改造了他們的屋頂工程公司。這個夢想驅使著那些在佛塞斯技術社區學院求學的學生們學習新技術,為了未來努力奮斗。這個夢想也驅使一個名為布蘭登·費舍爾的小企業主有了自己的故事。
Brandon started a company in Berlin, Pennsylvania that specializes in a new kind of drilling
technology.One day last summer, he saw the news that halfway across the world, 33 men were
trapped in a Chilean mine, and no one knew how to save them.布蘭登在賓夕法尼亞州的柏林市開設了一家公司,專攻新型鉆探技術。去年夏季的一天,他看到新聞,智利礦井中有33人被困,無人知道如何營救。
But Brandon thought his company could help.And so he designed a rescue that would come to be known as Plan B.His employees worked around the clock to manufacture the necessary drilling equipment.And Brandon left for Chile.但布蘭登認為他的公司可以幫忙。他設計了一套營救方案,稱為B計劃。他的員工24小時工作,生產所需的鉆探設備。然后布蘭登前往智利。
Along with others, he began drilling a 2,000 foot hole into the ground, working three or four days at a time with no sleep.Thirty-seven days later, Plan B succeeded, and the miners were rescued.But because he didn’t want all of the attention,Brandon wasn’t there when the miners emerged.He had already gone home, back to work on his next project.他同其他人一起鉆了一個2000英尺的洞,連續不眠不休工作了三四天。37天后,B計劃成功,礦工獲救。但布蘭登不想引起注意,礦工升井后,他并沒有在那里。他已經回家開始致力于下一個項目了。
Later, one of his employees said of the rescue, ―We proved that Center Rock is a little company, but we do big things.‖
后來,他的一名雇員在談到這次救援行動時說,―森特羅克(Center Rock)是一家小公司,但我
們做的卻是大事情。‖
We do big things.我們做的是大事情。
From the earliest days of our founding, America has been the story of ordinary people who dare to dream.That’s how we win the future.自建國之初起,美國一直在講述敢于追求遠大理想的普通人的故事。未來我們也將因此而成功。
We are a nation that says, ―I might not have a lot of money, but I have this great idea for a new company.I might not come from a family of college graduates, but I will be the first to get my degree.I might not know those people in trouble, but I think I can help them, and I need to try.I’m not sure how we’ll reach that better place beyond the horizon, but I know we’ll get there.I know we will.‖
我們是一個會這樣說話的民族:―我或許沒有巨款,但是我有成立一家新公司的高見。我或許沒有出生在一個擁有大學學歷的家庭,但我將會成為這個家庭里第一個 獲得大學學歷的人。我或許并不認識那些處于困境中的人們,但我認為我能夠幫助他們,而且我需要試一試。雖然我不確定我們將如何超越地平線到達更好的地方,但我知道我們將會到達那里。我知道我們能夠做到。‖
We do big things.我們做的是大事情。
The idea of America endures.Our destiny remains our choice.And tonight, more than two centuries later, it is because of our people that our future is hopeful, our journey goes forward, and the state of our union is strong.美國的理念經久不衰。我們的命運依然取決于我
們的選擇。今晚,在兩個多世紀之后,正因為有了我們的人民,我們的未來才充滿希望,我們的征程才一路向前,我們的國家才強大繁盛。
Thank you, God Bless You, and may God Bless the United States of America.謝謝大家。愿上帝保佑你們,愿上帝保佑美利堅合眾國。
第四篇:在博鰲亞洲旅游論壇承辦工作總結會議上的講話
在博鰲亞洲旅游論壇(中國桂林)承辦工作
總結表彰會議上的講話
市委副書記 XX
同志們:
由國家旅游局、博鰲亞洲論壇和亞洲合作對話組織共同主辦,我市承辦的博鰲亞洲旅游論壇于2002年11月17日—20日隆重舉行。作為承辦方,我市在組織、籌備、協調、安全、新聞、接待、保障等方面開展了大量富有成效的工作,得到與會代表的高度贊揚。正如博鰲亞洲論壇執行總監姚望先生所言:“這是一次高級別、高水平、成果豐富的會議,影響巨大,圓滿成功”。全國政協副主席、博鰲亞洲論壇中國首席代表陳錦華高度評價:“博鰲亞洲旅游論壇的圓滿召開,標志著亞洲旅游業進入了區域化合作發展的新階段,將為亞洲地區的共同繁榮和發展注入新的活力。”同時,國家旅游局對我市承辦工作十分贊賞,孫鋼副局長稱贊論壇的籌備是“一流策劃、一流工作、一流設施、一流環境”。全體與會代表對為會議成功舉辦付出勞動的所有工作人員表示衷心感謝!
下面,我代表市委、市政府對本次博鰲亞洲旅游論壇承辦工作進行總結:
一、基本情況
本次論壇總參會人數為468人,其中國內代表151人,國外代表174人,新聞記者143人。國外代表來自33個國家,其中包括高級別政要 8人、部長級官員24人、11個國際和地區組織、9個外國駐華使館、20多個中國優秀旅游城市及其他國家知名旅游城市的代表。
本次論壇隆重舉行了開幕式和閉幕式,在主題全體大會及分議題會議上深入探討了當前國際旅游業的熱點問題,首次召開了有19個國家 參與的亞洲旅游部長圓桌會議,舉辦了旅游管理培訓研習班、兩場新聞發布會、兩場歡迎宴會、兩場文藝演出,進行了數十次新聞媒體專訪、開展了十多場多邊或雙邊會見,還為會議代表安排了特色旅游考察活動。
經與會代表充分討論,大會通過了《博鰲亞洲旅游論壇桂林宣言》,這既是亞洲各國對發展旅游業的普遍共識,又是今后加強亞洲旅游業區域合作的指導性文件。
二、主要成果
首次舉辦的博鰲亞洲旅游論壇取得了圓滿成功,主要成果和特點表現在以下幾個方面:
一是高規格、高水平。博鰲亞洲旅游論壇是黨的十六大勝利閉幕后,我國舉辦的第一個重大的國際性會議。博鰲亞洲論壇成功地與中國國家旅游主管部門及亞洲合作對話組織首次攜手,形成合力。到會人士中既有各國政要,又有世界主要旅游組織的負責人、亞洲19國的旅游部長;既有一批世界知名的旅游學者,又有著名旅游城市的市長。就論壇的主辦方和與會人士的級別和權威性而言,本次論壇代表了旅游界的高規格;就議題的廣度及研討的深度而言,本次論壇無疑又是高水平的。
二是廣泛的參與性、互動性、學術性。論壇為亞洲各國政要和企業界人士、與會人士提供了一個平等對話的平臺。論壇邀請的30位演講人準備充分,演講內容富前瞻性、學術性和實用性,聽眾參與意識強,會場問答熱烈、氣氛活躍,體現了論壇固有的風格,收到了很好的討論效果。
三是志愿者成為論壇的一個亮點。有1500多人踴躍響應了這一活動,400人經過挑選為論壇提供了5600多個小時的服務。給各國代表團和博鰲亞洲論壇工作組的同事留下了非常深刻的印象,展示了桂林的風采,是桂林的驕傲,志愿者的驕傲,共青團的驕傲,博鰲亞洲論壇的 2 驕傲。本次志愿者活動開創了桂林在重大活動中大規模啟用志愿者的先河,為以后志愿者活動的進一步發展奠定了基礎。
四是獲國內外新聞媒體的廣泛關注和熱情報道。會議期間,共有143名中外記者到會采訪,分別來自印度、越南、新加坡、韓國、泰國、斯里蘭卡等國;中國主要的中央及地方媒體均參與了報道,如:新華社、人民日報、中央電視臺、中央人民廣播電臺、中國日報、廣西日報、桂林日報等。
五是成果豐碩,達成多項共識。博鰲亞洲旅游論壇通過的《桂林宣言》是一項標志性成果。它強調亞洲國家和地區應加強旅游信息交流、溝通和共享,加強旅游從業人員特別是管理人員的培訓,加強區域內旅游的便利化措施,加強對世界旅游業發展趨勢和特點對亞洲國家和地區的影響。呼吁聯合國教科文組織、聯合國環境署及其他國際組織同有關國家進一步加強合作,保護文化、歷史和自然遺產;提升旅游產品組合的數量和質量,促進環境保護以及各國文明和文化之間的交往。
三、主要工作
第一,領導重視,周密部署,明確責任,建立健全籌備工作組織架構和工作機制
博鰲亞洲旅游論壇是黨的十六大以后在我國舉辦的一次重要的國際性會議,關系國家形象,并對提高桂林市的國際化水平,推動桂林進一步走向世界有著十分重要的意義。桂林市委、市政府高度重視,把辦好論壇作為一件重要的政治任務,作為精神文明建設的一次具體行動來抓,于9月份和11月份連續兩次召開高規格的全市性動員大會,周密安排和部署籌備工作。全市統一了思想,充分認識到舉辦論壇對全市改革開放和經濟建設所起的重大促進和帶動作用,堅定了要以“優美的環境、優質的服務、優良的秩序和市民嶄新的精神風貌”辦好博鰲亞洲旅游論壇的決心。全市努力克服論壇籌備時間短、任務艱巨的困難,積極行動,廣泛宣傳,集中力量開展城市環境綜合治理,加快會議活動場館 等基礎設施建設,加強軟件建設和人員培訓,為博鰲亞洲旅游論壇創造了一個安全、有序、祥和、穩定的優良環境。
在整個會議籌備過程中,市委、市政府始終高度重視,區黨委常委、原市委書記李金早,市委書記莫永清,市長王躍飛,市委幾位副書記等主要領導親自抓,多次率隊親臨一線視察籌備工作進展情況,定期集中相關部門召開匯報會或分時段安排各部門專項匯報會,統籌協調和指揮。我和原市政府康天保副市長、潘建民副市長等先后七次率團赴京向國家旅游局、博鰲亞洲論壇秘書處請示和匯報籌備工作;多次向自治區黨委、政府和區直有關部門請示和匯報工作。為檢驗籌備工作成效,全市進行了兩次整體合成演練,這也是以往歷次大型會議或重要活動所沒有過的。論壇召開前夕,莫永清書記、王躍飛市長親自到主要活動場所檢查,看望全體工作人員。
為加強對論壇籌備工作的組織領導,成立了由市委書記掛帥,市委宣傳部、旅游、外事、接待、公安、交通、民航、供電、園林、電信、郵政等40多個部、委、辦、局,興安、陽朔等7個縣(區)及市旅游發展總公司等部分重要企業為成員的“博鰲亞洲旅游論壇(中國·桂林)桂林市籌備工作領導小組”,領導小組下設辦公室、新聞部、安全保衛部等7部(辦)50多個專職工作組。會議召開期間,我市又成立了由市委領導親自掛帥的指揮部,構建了強大的接待和安全保障系統,形成了嚴密細致、層次分明、分工明確的組織框架。同時,對各部(辦)各工作組職責予以了明確,落實了領導責任制、工作責任制及目標獎懲責任制。進一步明確了工作目標,即安全工作萬無一失,接待工作得體有序,會務服務周到細致。
根據籌備工作進展程度,先后制定了長達幾萬字的籌備工作總體方案、總體實施方案和會議整體流程圖。7部50多個工作組按照領導小組的統一部署和要求,分別制定了各自詳盡、周密的的工作方案和實施方案,形成了幾十萬字的方案文字資料,為整個博鰲亞洲旅游論壇的順利舉行奠定了堅實的基礎。實行“一事一案、一團一案”工作機制。對論壇主要、重大的每一項活動、每一次會議和接待制定周密的專項工作方案,明確每次活動、會議和接待的現場指揮和工作人員,確保每個工作環節萬無一失,周到細致,規范得體。
第二,整體聯動,全面實施,扎實工作,論壇籌備和承辦各項工作富有成效
在國家旅游局、博鰲亞洲論壇秘書處及自治區等主辦方和上級部門的指導下,在社會有關各界的關心和支持下,在“博鰲亞洲旅游論壇(中國·桂林)桂林市籌備工作領導小組”的統一部署和直接指揮下,各部(辦)各工作組按照其工作職責,全面實施工作方案,抓落實,促進度,形成了各方“各負其責,整體聯動,齊抓共促”的良好互動局面,有力地促進了論壇籌備和承辦各項工作順利開展。
(一)統籌策劃,周密細致,抓好總體協調、參謀、溝通、聯絡、督促及大量會務工作
組委會辦公室是領導的參謀部,在市領導的指揮下,旅游局會同外辦、接待辦、公安局、宣傳部等部門統籌策劃全盤工作,制定整個會議的總體工作方案、總體實施方案和會議工作流程;為大會各場所及活動區域增設了電信、郵政、銀行、沖印、票務、醫療、禮拜等多功能配套服務,承擔了大量的會務工作,為論壇的圓滿完成發揮了積極的作用。
(二)嚴謹細致、嚴格監督,做好論壇安全、衛生工作
今年以來,我市大型活動接連不斷,廣大的公安干警和武警、消防戰士發揚了連續作戰、不怕疲勞的精神,按照市委領導明確提出的“安全工作萬無一失”的要求,確保了論壇的成功舉行。
公安部門組織全局力量,投入到會議的安全保衛工作。成立了以局長為組長的安全保衛工作領導小組,下設13個專門工作組,形成了完整的安全保衛工作體系;在進行一系列基礎調查及反復勘驗安全保衛點、線路、場所的基礎上,精心編制了幾十萬字的周密、詳實的安全保 衛工作總體方案、實施方案及有關預案。做好相關警衛工作,成立29個隨衛小組;完成制證設備調試、安裝;組建了反暴、排爆專門隊伍;購置了車載防爆罐、排爆機器人、排爆服等高科技裝備。為確保萬無一失,會前進行了多次安全保衛工作演練。在會前還深入開展嚴打斗爭,破獲一批刑事案件。會議期間,安全保衛部克服了時間長、活動多且分散、臨時更改活動等困難,沉著應對,確保了活動的順利進行。此次論壇公安部門共出動警力11000人次,各種車輛300輛次。公安部門工作為論壇安全創造了良好的環境,做出了重大貢獻,受到了各級領導和中外賓客的充分肯定和高度評價,這再次證明了我市公安、武警、消防戰士是一支特別團結、特別能戰斗的集體。
為確保會議代表衛生食品安全,衛生部門組成7個小組對漓江大瀑布飯店、大宇大飯店、榕湖飯店、漓江游船以及會展中心等活動主要場所進行現場衛生檢查和監督。7個小組都制定了嚴密的執行方案,將任務落實到人,對可能發生的突發事件制定應急處理預案;監督員對食品原料輔料采購、食品加工過程、運輸過程、就餐環境、食品加工人員健康狀況、住房空氣質量及衛生知識培訓進行全程監控、監督,提出整改措施,每一個環節都嚴格控制。會議期間未發生任何食品衛生質量事故,有效保證了與會代表衛生安全。
(三)服務以人為本,管理程序化,工作規范化,論壇新聞宣傳籌備工作受到各界高度評價
新聞宣傳是對外展示論壇形象和體現舉辦成效的重要窗口。根據本次大會對新聞工作要求和標準高、宣傳報道量大、參與報道境外記者多、報道持續時間長的特點,我市抽調精干人員組成新聞部。設立了新聞中心,配備了完善的、符合國際標準的設施設備;實行程序化管理,開展規范化工作,建立了一套完善的管理流程制度。新聞中心完善的服務設施和優質的服務,得到博鰲亞洲論壇官員、自治區和市領導的高度評價,受到了國內外新聞記者的一致好評。博鰲亞洲論壇秘書長張祥博士認為 6 中心的設備及配套設施很先進,也很完善,體現了以人為本的思想,處處給記者提供周到的服務,為提高亞洲的聲音做出了貢獻。與會的中外新聞界同行認為,博鰲亞洲旅游論壇新聞中心的工作非常出色,與很多在國內舉辦的大型國際活動提供的新聞中心相比毫不遜色。這充分表明桂林已經基本具備了在舉辦各類國際會議當中可為國際傳媒提供國際化服務的水準和條件。這是迄今桂林在重大活動對新聞宣傳工作投入人力、物力最多的一次,有力保證了會議宣傳報道工作的開展。
據統計,會議期間,論壇共接待國內外新聞媒體78家143名中外記者;安排中外記者報道會議、聯合采訪中外政要、官員及嘉賓39場次。截止至11月26日,記者發稿達700多篇(幅),形成文字、攝影、電視、網絡全方位的報道。
廣告宣傳招商組組織市容局,對廣告公司的閑置廣告點進行了無償征用。組織社會力量贊助制作了一批戶外大型廣告、彩旗、橫幅、空飄汽球、飛艇等,為活動的舉行營造了良好的氛圍。
(四)精心組織,得體有序,做好論壇接待服務工作
論壇的國際性很強,接待服務的規格要求嚴,標準高,一次性接待來自33個國家、地區和國際組織重要貴賓,對我市的接待服務工作提出了嚴峻的考驗。以政府辦、市委辦、旅游局組成的后勤接待部和以外辦、接待辦、口岸辦組成的貴賓接待部組織精干力量,按照市委領導提出的“接待工作得體有序”的要求,精心組織,圓滿完成了各項接待服務任務。
一是貴賓接待得體、有序。由市外辦、市接待辦組成的接待工作組從領導到一線接待人員經常加班加點到凌晨,共接待重要外賓近200人,是歷次接待最多、安排最復雜的一次接待服務工作。他們按照一團一案、一事一案的精神,制定方案50多份,并組織安排了多項不同層次、不同規格的雙邊會談和宴請活動。并指導了整個外事禮賓工作。貴賓接待工作得到了與會代表的高度贊揚,稱贊桂林是世界一流的旅游城 7 市,桂林的接待工作也是一流的。
二是住宿安排合理、舒適。由于會議規格高、代表層次多且禮賓要求不一樣、代表報名變動情況頻繁,給整個會議的住宿安排帶來了許多困難。住宿組早在8月份就對全市范圍的住房情況進行摸底,實地查看,多次修改住房安排方案,對代表名單進行仔細核對。隨著代表名單的不斷更新,住宿組不斷調整,適應變化,做到報名組每出一份新名單,住宿組就出一份預案,為與會代表的用房做好了充分準備。漓江大瀑布飯店、大宇大飯店、榕湖飯店是會議代表的主要接待單位,會議期間,飯店高標準、高質量的服務接待工作,得到與會代表的高度評價。住宿在漓江大瀑布飯店的泰國外長臨別時說:“漓江大瀑布飯店環境一流、服務一流,非常感謝飯店熱情周到的服務”。
三是餐飲服務細致入微、各具特色。餐飲組根據亞洲各國代表不同的飲食習俗進行菜單修改和餐飲分類,提出和制定了會議餐飲一事一案等系列方案;開展了系列的會議餐飲接待實戰演練;組織市烹飪協會、市宗教事務管理局、市伊斯蘭協會有關專家審定了各接待飯店的餐飲菜單,提出了制作會議接待菜單的八項原則,指導各有關接待單位提出制定了適應會議要求的菜單,滿足了會議不同層次代表的餐飲要求。會議期間兩場大型宴會、會展中心自助餐等辦得有聲有色,使與會代表感到很滿意。
四是交通接待安全、便捷。交通組從全市各有關單位抽調100余臺汽車,并會同公安部門對駕駛員進行了重大接待任務等相關知識的培訓。他們精心組織,精心調度,對近500名代表的用車作了科學合理的安排。開行了酒店、會展中心和機場間穿梭巴士,極大方便與會代表往返主要會場及住宿酒店。
機場組在市口岸辦的牽頭下,與民航、邊檢、海關、桂林檢驗檢疫局、公安局出入境管理處等單位一起制定了方案,組織調動了大量人力、物力,進行了事前內部演練,對有關人員進行了戰前強化訓練和英語培訓。市公安局出入境管理處緊急調撥新設備,實施口岸落地簽證。在嚴 格按照國家規定的前提下,機場盡可能地給與會代表提供方便和服務,對接待工作的全過程進行了認真的梳理,在整個接待工作中秩序井然,有條不紊。
五是游覽服務熱情、規范。活動安排組周密細致地安排和協調會議期間的代表活動,以高度的熱情、嚴謹的作風和忘我的精神確保了服務工作的高質量。由交通局、“兩江四湖”工程指揮部組成的漓江游覽組和兩江四湖組,與海事、船檢等部門加強協作,嚴格航線和船舶設施安全、衛生檢查,加強了船員培訓和餐飲工作,兩江四湖新購置一批環保游船,出色地完成了代表的游江、游湖接待服務。代表們游得開心,吃得滿意,是一次美的享受。
六是禮儀、陪同服務大方、得體。主要由69名禮儀服務人員組成的禮儀組圓滿完成了會議的禮儀服務,體現了高度的政治責任感和一切服從論壇的原則,為桂林代言了一個完美的形象。
陪同組從全市導游隊伍中精心挑選并強化培訓,擔負著與會演講代表的接待、會務服務,公安制證組、翻譯組的翻譯或部分翻譯工作,國家旅游局領導、中外記者及國內外代表、嘉賓的接待陪同工作。他們以“我是桂林旅游形象”的標準要求自己,以美好的儀表、熱情周到的服務、生動活潑的導游、過硬的服務技巧、文明的精神風貌展現在與會代表面前。由各旅行社、導游公司及組委會陪同組抽調組成的翻譯組為大會翻譯了大量的文字材料。此外,后勤接待組積極為代表提供了旅游咨詢、機車票訂購、會議用水、氣象預報等配套服務。
七是文藝演出新穎、別致。“亞洲之夜”和“歡樂漓江”兩場大型文藝演出是代表夜間活動的重點。由文化局負責的文藝演出組與桂林廣維文華公司聯手精心打造。“歡樂漓江”以一流的創意向代表展示了山水實景演出的全新概念,充分體現出本地自然、人文資源結合,給來自世界各國的賓朋留下了桂林山水的美好、深刻印象,打造了桂林旅游文藝演出的新品牌,是一次成功的嘗試。
(五)細致扎實,完善到位,做好論壇設施、服務等各項社會保障工作
設施、服務保障系統的正常運轉對論壇的順利舉行起著重要的支撐作用。以建規委牽頭的設施保障組,下設10多個工作組,形成較完善的保障系統,為會議提供了堅實的保障。
國際會展中心是博鰲亞洲旅游論壇主會場,會議接待標準要求高、工作壓力大,為進一步使會議設施達到國際水平,中心在接連完成全國鄉鎮企業會、全國醫博會會展服務后,又投入緊張的論壇籌備工作。在區政府資金非常緊張的情況下,擠出4000多萬元資金,在會前對會展中心進行了多項改造工程。在鄭小孑兌、余秋平同志指揮下,會展中心的領導爭分奪秒抓裝修進度,短時間內出色地為論壇配備了具國際水準的主會場、部長會議室、多功能廳、新聞中心等。會議期間,整個會展中心干凈整潔、設施完善、設備良好,為我市開展會展經濟奠定了良好的基礎,已具備了開展國際國內會議和展覽的條件。在會議期間,國家旅游局已初步決定將2004年的國內旅游交易會放在桂林舉行。
漓江大瀑布飯店負責本次大會絕大部分與會代表、陪同人員、媒體記者及工作人員的住宿、餐飲接待任務及相關的系列工作,工作責任重大,工作跨度大,時間緊,工作量多。在周益平同志的率領下,飯店領導和全體員工每天工作到深夜2點鐘;施工隊伍更是晝夜施工,使飯店的改擴建工程終于在會議前如期完成。漓江大瀑布飯店的建成和大瀑布表演,為桂林贏得了榮譽,增添了光彩,成為與會代表贊不絕口的一個亮點,成為一道亮麗的風景線。
市容局和各個城區及臨桂、興安、陽朔縣開展了大規模的城市整治行動,對所轄區域的市容市貌進行了清理和整頓。組織對代表室外活動場所的公廁等設施進行了維護和保潔,為全市營造了干凈、整潔的大環境。
市政公用局為了保障市政設施正常運轉,組織下屬市政管理單位對各市政設施的運轉層層把關,確保萬無一失;同時還采取有力措施,強化設施維護和綠化美化。
園林部門根據代表下榻的賓館和行進路線,精心策劃,會議期間共擺放菊花等各色花卉、蔭生植物30多個品種33萬盆。經過園林系統職工和各有關單位的精心布置,論壇期間桂林城花團錦簇,鮮花盛放。
桂林市供電局為保障正常供電,把這次會議的保電工作作為一項重要的政治任務來完成,制定了周密的保供電預案,組織300多人次對影響此次會議供電的電網進行了一次全面檢查,并對大量相關供電設備進行了細致的檢查,對檢查出的問題及時落實整改,從而保證了電網及各保供電設備的正常安全運行。
衛生局負責醫療衛生保障。會議期間,從市各大醫院抽調了10多名業務技術精良的醫務人員承擔與會代表的醫療保健工作,提供及時準確的醫療服務;醫療系統各大醫院啟動了緊急救援預案,為會議提供了安全救護保證。
水務部門進行了漓江補水放水演練,根據需要先后四次調整補水量,保障了會議期間漓江通航和代表游覽兩江四湖景觀要求。
廣西區電信桂林分公司、廣西區鐵通桂林分公司、廣西區移動桂林分公司、廣西區聯通桂林分公司、桂林市郵政局等積極為論壇提供了電信通訊、郵政、有關電腦設施設備借調等的服務保障。廣西區電信桂林分公司為會議所有場館配備了通信設施設備,并安排60多名工程技術和服務人員在會議現場服務。
(六)無償援助,無私奉獻,社會各界積極為論壇作貢獻
論壇的籌備和承辦工作得到了社會有關各界的大力支持和無償援助,體現了高尚的無私奉獻社會和服務社會的精神風貌。
桂林廣維文華公司為保證“歡樂漓江”演出,無償提供了1500多萬元的燈光設施;
廣西區電信桂林分公司向與會代表贈送了近500套精美的“新桂 林、新旅游”電話卡;
大成食品公司、三花酒廠、燕京(漓泉)啤酒股份有限公司為論壇無償提供了酒水;
桂林國旅、桂林旅游股份有限責任公司、三金藥業等一批企業為接待與會貴賓無償提供了最好的車輛;
許多星級飯店抽調本店最好員工,為大會提供無償優質服務,等等。
同志們,博鰲論壇的承辦工作是個龐大的系統工程,涉及的部門太多,牽涉的面太廣,還有很多部門、單位在這里我們沒有點到,大家都為本次會議的召開給予了積極支持和密切配合,在此,請讓我代表市政府以及籌備工作領導小組,對所有為承辦工作做出了積極貢獻的單位和個人表示誠摯的問候和衷心的感謝!
此次論壇雖然取得了圓滿成功,但與上海、大連等國內旅游城市相比,在硬件設施上還不完善,服務上仍然存在著不小的差距,組織管理還不規范。如何建立和完善舉辦大型國際性、區域性會議和活動的組織系統,社會支撐、保障系統,如何從政府辦會走市場化運作等方面還需要進一步研究和探討。我們希望通過這次總結,為我市今后舉辦重要會議和活動奠定堅實的思想和工作基礎。讓我們以創新的精神,高度的責任感和使命感,在市委、市政府的領導下,為開創桂林旅游發展的新局面而繼續努力奮斗!
謝謝!
第五篇:海爾CEO張瑞敏在日本亞洲的未來論壇上的講話
海爾CEO張瑞敏在日本“亞洲的未來論壇”上的講話
今天,我想通過海爾的發展來說明兩點
一、中國的家電市場是一個高速增長的變化很快的市場;
二、中國的企業和在中國的外國企業如何駕御高速增長的市場。
海爾從1984年底開始創業到2001年只有17年的時間,17年平均保持了78%的增長速度。1984年底,海爾當時的銷售收入為348萬人民幣,2001年實現全球營業額602億人民幣(73億美金),差不多是17年以前的17000多倍。
1984年的時候海爾是一個瀕臨倒閉資不抵債的集體小廠,當時一年當中跑掉了三個廠長,我當時是這個廠的上級公司的領導,我動員了很多人到這個廠當廠長,人家都不去,有人說:“那個廠那么好,你為什么不去?”最后只有我去了。我們不是國有企業,所以國家并不對它投資,當時差不多有半年的時間靠借錢來發工資,有一段時間甚至到農村向生產隊借錢發工資。我們就是就在這種情況下發展起來的。
現在來看,我們能夠發展起來主要有兩點:
第一是創新。正如美國的管理大師德魯克所說:“創新是創造了一種資源。”我們當時什么都沒有,但是我們通過創新來創造資源,這個創新就是不斷地為用戶創造價值,一切都圍著市場轉。
第二個是以變制變。因為你不可以期望市場不變,市場不變的法則就是永遠在變。與其以不變應萬變,不如變到市場前面去。我們的做法是以變制變,變中求勝。
這樣,我們在十七年的時間里,得到很快的發展。去年《福布斯》雜志公布世界白色家電十強排名,我們排到了第六。從一個瀕臨倒閉的小廠,發展到現在的世界白色家電十強。相信很多人在關注海爾究竟是怎么做的。下面我從80年代、90時代,還有2000年代這三個時段來談一下市場的變化和企業適應市場的變化的思路。
一、中國家電80年代爆炸式高速增長變化時期
在80年代,中國的家電市場是一個高速爆炸式的增長時代。那時中國的家用電器市場幾乎一片空白,只要生產電器一定會賣出去,一定會賺錢,家電產品供不應求,所以那時候很多工廠拼命在上規模。比如當時浙江一個省就有60多家冰箱廠,全國有幾百家冰箱廠,但是普遍不重視質量,這也是賣方市場的特點決定的。那時我們就認為并不是因為質量好而供不應求,而是因為市場短缺而已。
我們的做法是必須要抓質量,雖然當時產品非常緊俏。我們當時生產的冰箱就供不就求,消費者要憑票來購買,一張票的價值差不多就是一臺冰箱的價值。但即使在這種情況下,我們也沒有盲目擴大產量,而是堅持抓質量。美國《華爾街日報》曾刊登過海爾砸冰箱的故事。當時員工認為冰箱有點小毛病無所謂,干出來就有人要,所以就馬馬虎虎。我們就把一些可以出廠,但是有質量缺陷的產品集中在一起,誰干的,由誰來把它砸毀。這樣一來,對員工的質量意識有了強刺激,到1988年我們就成為中國冰箱評比的第一名。
80年代末的時候,由于政府治理整頓市場秩序,市場變淡,冰箱紛紛降價,我們在這個時候不但沒有降價,反而提價12%,產品更加供不應求。這說明即使在產品爆炸性增長時期,企業也必須要重視質量。
二、中國家電90年代高度無序價格戰變化的時期
在90年代,中國家電市場是處于高度無序價格戰的狀態。家電產品到90年代開始出現供大于求,產品出現庫存。例如電視機行業,自1991年以來,每年的產量都大于市場需求,1998年,庫存幾百萬臺。各個廠家為了消化庫存拼命降價,甚至降到了成本之下來進行競爭。他們認為只要降價就可能賣出去,就可以占有市場份額。
我們認為,問題關鍵不在于價格,而在于沒有抓住用戶需求,不知道用戶到底要什么,先干出來再賣,造成大量庫存,只能降價。全國的價格戰帶來的問題也非常嚴重,1998年中國的彩電行業出現全行業虧損,到2001年,全國15家上市的家電公司中9家虧損,虧損總額達到35.45億元,最大的虧損達15億元。
我們的做法是一定不為庫存生產,而是為有價值的定單生產。例如:在中國洗衣機到夏天銷量非常小,一般廠家到這時候就減少產量,到秋天再開始大量的生產。當時我們就分析,不是用戶在夏天不需要洗衣機,而是現有的洗衣機不能適應用戶夏天洗衣的需求。因為當時一般都是五公斤的洗衣機,到夏天,用戶可能一次就洗一件襯衣,感覺用五公斤的洗衣機洗非常不方便,不如用手洗一洗就算了。于是我們就開發了一個1.5公斤的小洗衣機,在中國市場上銷量非常好,兩年的時間銷售了一百萬臺,到現在已經銷售300多萬臺。
這就是創造市場的觀念,“只有淡季的思想,沒有淡季的市場”。如果你認為市場是淡季的,就不可能去想辦法改變現狀,就會認為賣不出去是正常的。
再如我們在美國市場上賣的冰柜,美國人提出來說箱體太深,拿東西不方便。我們的技術人員用17個小時的時間做出了一個手工樣機。上面看是一個冷柜,但下面加了一個抽屜,這樣拿起東西來就非常方便。這個產品在美國大連鎖店賣的非常好。我的意思是企業應該創造個性化的需求,而不是我生產什么,用戶就買什么,要根據用戶的需求來開發產品開發市場。
三、2000年代加入WTO后急劇變化的競爭格局
在2000年代,中國市場發生更大的變化。隨著中國加入WTO,世界上大的跨國公司幾乎都到中國來了,像日本的7大家電制造企業,都在中國有工廠,韓國的家電企業也有很多,美國的惠爾浦、美泰克、GE,還有歐洲的西門子、菲利浦等等也到中國來投資建廠。
我們認為無論是中國企業或在中國投資的外國企業,都應變成開放的系統。在互聯網時代和外部市場緊緊聯系在一起,和市場,和用戶都是零距離。在這個情況下我們提出來,在互聯網時代,企業應推倒兩堵墻:一是企業和企業之間的墻要推倒,企業之間不再僅僅是一個單純競爭對手的關系;二是企業內部各個職部門之間的墻要推倒,否則你就無法感覺到市場的反應。
在互聯網時代,沒有一個企業可以消滅或打倒所有競爭對手,也沒有一個企業可以滿足所有市場上消費者的所有需求,所以大家必須聯合起來。
我們的聯合有兩種方式,一種叫縱向聯合,就是我和我的上游的企業和分供方聯合在一起,大家一起滿足最終消費者的需求。而不是分供方滿足我的需求,我再去滿足用戶的要求,而是大家聯合到一起去滿足用戶的需求。比方說我們的藍牙網絡家電就是和愛立信進行聯合開發的結果。他們在北歐,我們在中國,利用互聯網和地域的時差,雙方不間斷的進行接力式開發。另外如艾默生是全世界最大的電機企業,現在不光供給我們電機,而且參與了我們產品的前端設計。我認為只有這樣大家能夠滿足最終用戶的需求,才能獲得用戶的價值。
另一種叫橫向聯合。大家在市場上可能都是競爭對手,但現在聯合在一起,不僅是競爭的關系,更重要的是合作的關系。這是一種競合的關系。
如我們和三洋的合作,三洋的井植會長2001年9月份到海爾來,到了12月份我們就草簽了合同,今年的1月8號正式簽訂合同,只用了三、四個月的時間,非常快。什么原因呢?就是我們的想法完全合到一起去了。過去中國企業和日本企業的合作,完全是中國向日本企業買技術,或者是合資。但日本企業談合資,沒有一年時間是談不下來的。談技術引進也非常困難。如果大家還是在原來的思維模式下,合作就會非常非常的慢,不可能去滿足用戶需求。現在我們與三洋聯合起來是互換市場資源,這種合作最后達到雙贏的目的。
企業內部之間的墻要推倒。讓每個員工都直面市場,并對市場需求以最快速度做出反應。傳統企業的模式就像金字塔一樣,這種直線職能式的管理,使得企業對市場的反映非常慢。我們就把它改成一個市場鏈,使整個企業和市場結合到一起去。一手抓住全球的供應鏈資源,一手抓住全球的用戶資源,企業和它們連起來,就等于把金字塔倒掉了,每個人都對著市場。這個案例現在被瑞士國際管理學院即IMD作為市場鏈的一個案例來講。當時他們問我:為什么把它叫做“市場鏈”?我回答說,美國哈佛大學的波特教授提了一個企業界都知道的“價值鏈”,它的目標是以追求企業長期利潤的最大化為目標。我們的“市場鏈”,是使得每個人都對著市場,我們叫做“追求用戶滿意度的最大化”,所以去年美國沃頓商學院的教授對市場鏈的案例也很感興趣,就到我們那兒去了。最后他也認為,在互聯網時代,如果不能創造用戶滿意度的最大化,那么這個利潤也是一句空話。如果能夠得到,利潤就是一個必然的結果。所以市場鏈使得我們的企業和市場整個地融合在一起。
但這里面最重要的一點,就是使得企業中的每個人都能對著市場。我們現在的做法是使得企業中的每個人都是一個公司,都能夠進行自主經營,我們把這個思路叫做“每個人都成為一個SBU”。一個單位它可以成為一個SBU,就是一個策(戰)略事業單位。但是讓每個人都做到就非常困難,現在我們正在使每個人成為一個SBU。
任何一個企業它都有三張表:資產負債表、損益表、現金流量表。但如果把這三張表變成一張表,變成每個人的“SBU經營效果兌現表”,企業有三萬名員工,就有三萬張表,這樣企業每個人都必須創新,每個人都成為一個公司。整個企業就會非常有力量。企業的三張表變成每一個人的損益表,這個損益表是指把資產負債表和現金流量表一些內容都包含進去。但是這張表最重要的一點是和員工自己的收入完全掛鉤,沒有原來的固定工資,你為企業創造的效益越多,你得到的越多。另外企業的資產分解到員工身上,比方說你到這個企業來,你使用企業的桌子、電腦等都不是無償使用的。比如設計人員取消工資,不是說設計人員只要設計出來一個產品就可以得多少錢,而是設計出來的產品到市場以后,根據銷售的毛利和銷售的數量來決定你的收入。這樣就使得每個人完全和市場掛在一起。設計人員在設計的時候就要深入市場,來了解用戶到底需要什么,否則的話他設計出來的產品可能沒有人要,那么他就不可能得到收益。
在互聯網時代,市場變化得太快,企業的空間越來越大,大到整個地球。但是用戶對企業要求的時間越來越短,短到零。誰能在互聯網上最快地滿足用戶的需求,誰就是贏家。企業的決策者做出決策,如果再一級級地貫徹下去,就很難滿足市場的需要。所以必須要使每個人都直接對著市場,我們希望能夠探索一種新的模式,使每個人都能不斷地創新,每個人都能直接面對自己的市場,創造有價值的定單,就是創造對用戶有價值的產品,通過為用戶創造價值來實現員工自己的價值,讓每個人都充滿活力,也防止企業在發展過程中的大企業病。我希望我們的企業無論發展到多大規模,都能夠迅速地滿足市場的要求,永遠充滿了活力!
謝謝!