第一篇：各類英文詞典介紹及

各類英文詞典介紹及推薦

希望能夠給找尋字典的人一點基本的認識，希望對你有所幫助。

想學好語言, 詞典是必不可少的工具、伙伴加老師。如何選擇一本或幾本得心應手的詞典, 是一個十分重要的問題。一本好的詞典會使你事半功倍, 而一本質量粗糙的字典也會令你不知所云。因而作為一名英語學習者, 應該具備一點關于詞典的知識, 這樣就可以在眾多的詞典里選到有用且質量上乘的詞典。這里簡單向大家介紹一些有用的知識, 以及幾本好的詞典。

英文字典的種類很多, 有綜合詞典、學術詞典、專門詞典、學生詞典等, 下面便對這四種詞典做一下介紹。

1． 綜合詞典(general-purpose dictionary)綜合詞典的范圍很廣, 即使被稱為“綜合詞典”, 每本詞典也是以一定范圍的讀者為目標的。一般收五萬詞條左右的是袖珍字典, 七八萬詞條的是簡明字典。十五萬詞條左右的是中型詞典, 二十萬詞條以上的是大型詞典。

2． 學術性詞典（scholarly dictionary）學術性詞典以其大而全為特征。最為突出的是 《牛津英語詞典》和其美國的姐妹篇A Dictionary of American English on Historical Principle《按照歷史原則編纂的美國英語詞典》。

3． 專門詞典（specialized dictionary）專門詞典的種類繁多, 幾乎關于詞匯的每一領域都有專門詞典。例如：詞源詞典（其中最為有名的Walter W.Skeat編的Etymological Dictionary of English Language 和Charles T.Onions編的The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology）。同義詞詞典（例如：A Dictionary of English Synonymous Expressions, Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms）。成語詞典（例如：Oxford Dictionary of Current Idiomatic English, Dictionary of American Idioms）。用法詞典（例如：Henry Watson Fowler編的A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, Bergen Evans等編的A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage）。

4． 學生詞典（learner’s dictionary）英語學生詞典細分起來, 有兩種不同類型: 一種是供本國學生使用的, 如：Chamber’s Students" Dictionary 《錢伯斯學生詞典》, The Oxford School Dictionary 《牛津學生詞典》, Collins COBUILD Learner’s Dictionary 《柯林斯合作學習詞典》。另一種是專為外國人學英語而編纂的, 如：Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English 《牛津現代英語高級學生詞典》, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 《朗文當代英語詞典》, Collins COBUILD English Language Dictionary 《柯林斯合作英語詞典》, Cambridge International Dictionary of English 《劍橋英語國際詞典》, Collins COBUILD English Learner’s Dictionary《柯林斯合作英語學習詞典》。

如何選擇和使用英語詞典

（一）幾項原則

1． 熟悉各種詞典每個人都知道自己有什么詞典, 但并不見得都知道圖書館、閱覽室里有多少詞典可供使用。多熟悉一部詞典就如同多結識一位老師, 對外語學習十分重要。在選擇詞典時要注意它的出版時間和地點。由于語言在不斷變化和發展, 作為詞匯記錄的詞典內容也必然隨之變化。同時英語存在不同的種類, 如美國英語, 英國英語, 因此英語國家的詞典內容也不盡相同。因此, 了解一部詞典的出版時間和地點并非無益, 尤其要注意該詞典最后一次修訂的時間。在使用詞典之前, 一定要仔細閱讀前言和用法說明, 這番功夫非下不可。在前言部分可以知道這部詞典的編纂目的, 收詞范圍, 編纂方法, 使用對象等。只有看了用法說明才能清楚地了解和有效地使用詞典。

2． 選擇有針對性的詞典對各種詞典和工具書有所了解之后, 遇到疑難問題就可以有針對性地選擇所需的詞典。先說查一般詞典。英語專業二年級以上的學生就應盡量使用英語單詞詞典, 因為用英語解釋英語的詞典可以對所查的詞有比較完整的說明, 使讀者在查詞典的過程中還接觸了英語解釋, 從而增加了學習英語的機會。當然對初學者來說, 有的詞在讀完英語解釋以后, 對其意義可能仍然不十分清楚, 再查一查英漢詞典也是有幫助的。只知道中文, 想找英語的對應詞就要求助于漢英詞典。只有一個大約的概念, 想找個適當的詞, 可以找詞庫（thesaurus）。想對幾個同義詞進行詞義辨析, 或從中找到一個確切的詞,可以找同義詞詞典。總而言之, 有針對性地選擇詞典或工具書可以免走彎路, 提高工作效率。

（二）推薦四部常用的詞典

1《英漢大詞典》先后約百余名學者參加編纂, 由陸谷孫教授主編的《英漢大詞典》上下卷于1989年和1991年由上海譯文出版社出版, 共收詞20萬條, 共約2000萬字。《英漢大詞典》是我國第一部獨立研編的大型英漢雙語詳解詞典。它保證了多方面和多層次的使用性。

2． 《漢英詞典》由北京外國語大學英語系《漢英詞典》組編的《漢英詞典》于1978年由商務印書館出版, 修訂版于1995年由外語教學與研究出版社出版。修訂版共收單字和多字條目共8萬條, 共1,435頁, 約550萬字。這部詞典凝聚了我國英語界一大批優秀專家學者的心血, 是同類詞典中最豐富的一部。

3． Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English 《朗文當代英語詞典》。自1978年問世以來受到各國讀者的歡迎并普遍被認為對外國學生學習英語很有幫助。《朗文當代英語詞典》第二版于1987年出版, 共收詞56,000條, 增加了不少新詞新義, 尤其使對語法的標注方式進行了徹底的改革, 使用了一般語法書常見的代碼和術語, 給讀者帶來了更大的便利。1995年推出的第三版除保持了前兩版的優點外, 還使用了英國國家語料庫和朗文語料庫的資料, 突出了口語的特點, 采用原始的例句, 標志詞語的使用頻率, 比較英美用法, 附有500張插圖, 使這部詞典更具特色。4． Collins Co-build English Language Dictionary 《柯林斯合作英語詞典》。《柯林斯合作英語詞典》共收詞75,000條, 實例達100,000條, 適合中高級讀者使用。這本由柯林斯出版公司推出的詞典是利用柯林斯出版公司和伯明翰大學聯合開發的語料庫。這個語料庫里收集了各種類型的書面語和口語資料, 經由軟件編制人員設計各種程序, 使編纂人員可以方便地查找。這樣以來, 編纂的效率明顯提高, 詞典的出版周期明顯縮短。而且詞典更加準確地反映了當代英語的特點, 更具使用 性, 更適合讀者地需要。速度快, 語料新, 定義準, 信息。

推薦幾部英語辭典

1.《朗文當代高級英語辭典》(英英.英漢雙解)外語教學與研究出版社 2.《朗文高階英語詞典》(英語版)外語教學與研究出版社 3.《麥克米倫高階英語詞典》外語教學與研究出版社 4.《新世紀英漢多功能詞典》上海外語教育出版社 5.http://www.tmdps.cn

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第二篇：(呼嘯山莊)Wuthering-Heights-英文介紹及賞析

呼嘯山莊

Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety.The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted.And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters.As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Today, Wuthering Heights has a secure position in the canon of world literature, and Emily Bront? is revered as one of the finest writers—male or female—of the nineteenth century.Like Charlotte Bront?’s Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights is based partly on the Gothic tradition of the late eighteenth century, a style of literature that featured supernatural encounters, crumbling ruins, moonless nights, and grotesque imagery, seeking to create effects of mystery and fear.But Wuthering Heights transcends its genre in its sophisticated observation and artistic subtlety.The novel has been studied, analyzed, dissected, and discussed from every imaginable critical perspective, yet it remains unexhausted.And while the novel’s symbolism, themes, structure, and language may all spark fertile exploration, the bulk of its popularity may rest on its unforgettable characters.As a shattering presentation of the doomed love affair between the fiercely passionate Catherine and Heathcliff, it remains one of the most haunting love stories in all of literature.Analysis of Major Characters Heathcliff Wuthering Heights centers around the story of Heathcliff.The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid physical picture of him, as Lockwood describes how his “black eyes” withdraw suspiciously under his brows at Lockwood’s approach.Nelly’s story begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his vengeful machinations drive the entire plot, and his death ends the book.The desire to understand him and his motivations has kept countless readers engaged in the novel.Heathcliff, however, defies being understood, and it is difficult for readers to resist seeing what they want or expect to see in him.The novel teases the reader with the possibility that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems—that his cruelty is merely an expression of his frustrated love for Catherine, or that his sinister behaviors serve to conceal the heart of a romantic hero.We expect Heathcliff’s character to contain such a hidden virtue because he resembles a hero in a romance novel.Traditionally, romance novel heroes appear dangerous, brooding, and cold at first, only later to emerge as fiercely devoted and loving.One hundred years before Emily Bront? wrote Wuthering Heights, the notion that “a reformed rake makes the best husband” was already a cliché of romantic literature, and romance novels center around the same cliché to this day.However, Heathcliff does not reform, and his malevolence proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be adequately explained even as a desire for revenge against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc.As he himself points out, his abuse of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself by seeing how much abuse she can take and still come cringing back for more.Critic Joyce Carol Oates argues that Emily Bront? does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff’s gratuitous violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero.呼嘯山莊

It is significant that Heathcliff begins his life as a homeless orphan on the streets of Liverpool.When Bront? composed her book, in the 1840s, the English economy was severely depressed, and the conditions of the factory workers in industrial areas like Liverpool were so appalling that the upper and middle classes feared violent revolt.Thus, many of the more affluent members of society beheld these workers with a mixture of sympathy and fear.In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell.The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” Heathcliff, of course, is frequently compared to a demon by the other characters in the book.Considering this historical context, Heathcliff seems to embody the anxieties that the book’s upper-and middle-class audience had about the working classes.The reader may easily sympathize with him when he is powerless, as a child tyrannized by Hindley Earnshaw, but he becomes a villain when he acquires power and returns to Wuthering Heights with money and the trappings of a gentleman.This corresponds with the ambivalence the upper classes felt toward the lower classes—the upper classes had charitable impulses toward lower-class citizens when they were miserable, but feared the prospect of the lower classes trying to escape their miserable circumstances by acquiring political, social, cultural, or economic power.Catherine The location of Catherine’s coffin symbolizes the conflict that tears apart her short life.She is not buried in the chapel with the Lintons.Nor is her coffin placed among the tombs of the Earnshaws.Instead, as Nelly describes in Chapter XVI, Catherine is buried “in a corner of the kirkyard, where the wall is so low that heath and bilberry plants have climbed over it from the moor.” Moreover, she is buried with Edgar on one side and Heathcliff on the other, suggesting her conflicted loyalties.Her actions are driven in part by her social ambitions, which initially are awakened during her first stay at the Lintons’, and which eventually compel her to marry Edgar.However, she is also motivated by impulses that prompt her to violate social conventions—to love Heathcliff, throw temper tantrums, and run around on the moor.Edgar Just as Isabella Linton serves as Catherine’s foil, Edgar Linton serves as Heathcliff’s.Edgar is born and raised a gentleman.He is graceful, well-mannered, and instilled with civilized virtues.These qualities cause Catherine to choose Edgar over Heathcliff and thus to initiate the contention between the men.Nevertheless, Edgar’s gentlemanly qualities ultimately prove useless in his ensuing rivalry with Heathcliff.Edgar is particularly humiliated by his confrontation with Heathcliff in Chapter XI, in which he openly shows his fear of fighting Heathcliff.Catherine, having witnessed the scene, taunts him, saying, “Heathcliff would as soon lift a finger at you as the king would march his army against a colony of mice.” As the reader can see from the earliest descriptions of Edgar as a spoiled child, his refinement is tied to his helplessness and impotence.Charlotte Bront?, in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as “an example of constancy and tenderness,” and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe.However, Charlotte’s reading seems influenced by her own feminist agenda.Edgar’s inability to counter Heathcliff’s vengeance, and his na?ve belief on his deathbed in his daughter’s safety and happiness, make him a weak, if sympathetic, character

Themes, Motifs

Themes Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in a literary work.Moreover, Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based on their shared perception that they are identical.Catherine declares, famously, “I am Heathcliff,” while Heathcliff, upon Catherine’s death, wails that he cannot live without his “soul,” meaning Catherine.Their love denies difference, and is strangely asexual.The two do not kiss in dark corners or arrange secret trysts, as adulterers do.Given that Catherine and Heathcliff’s love is based upon their refusal to change over time or embrace difference in others, it is fitting that the disastrous problems of their generation are overcome not by some climactic reversal, but simply by the inexorable passage of time, and the rise of a new and distinct generation.Ultimately, Wuthering Heights presents a vision of life as a process of change, and celebrates this process over and against the romantic intensity of its principal

呼嘯山莊

characters.As members of the gentry, the Earnshaws and the Lintons occupy a somewhat precarious place within the hierarchy of late eighteenth-and early nineteenth-century British society.At the top of British society was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population.Although the gentry, or upper middle class, possessed servants and often large estates, they held a nonetheless fragile social position.The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official titles.Members of the gentry, however, held no titles, and their status was thus subject to change.A man might see himself as a gentleman but find, to his embarrassment, that his neighbors did not share this view.A discussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.Considerations of class status often crucially inform the characters’ motivations in Wuthering Heights.Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar so that she will be “the greatest woman of the neighborhood” is only the most obvious example.The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry status but nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors.The Earnshaws, on the other hand, rest on much shakier ground socially.They do not have a carriage, they have less land, and their house, as Lockwood remarks with great puzzlement, resembles that of a “homely, northern farmer” and not that of a gentleman.The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff’s trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again(although the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in “dress and manners”).

第三篇：家鄉英文介紹

岳宇魂常在銳意思進取

Fuyang has a long history, famous celebrities.Here is the spring and Autumn Period politician Guan Zhong hometown, poet Ji Kang home.Chinese literature in the history of the famous “ Tang and song's” Ou Yangxiu, Zeng Gong, Su Shi was here for many years.Zones and monuments throughout, Iong, add radiance and beauty to each other.West Lake has been in the history of Hangzhou and the famous West Lake, county Henan Lake Park in XIAOZHANGZHUANG village and eight successively by the United Nations Environment Programme named“ global 500”.Fuyang convenient traffic, lead in all directions.The Beijing-Kowloon Railway from north to south, runs through the whole territory, and to Fu, Luo Fu, Fu, Fu Qing Huai four railway in China.“ Meters” font frame, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Shanghai, direct and Longhai railways line standards, formed eight lines into five road, railway, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway in Fuyang marshalling station is the Beijing-Kowloon line the largest railroad hub.Fuyang, a city full of vigour of emerging.Industrious, simple people of Fuyang will be by virtue of thing to join a department, transitional zone of North and south of the regional advantages, connecting the East and West, North and South should call, dedication and friends at home and abroad and a person with breadth of vision act with united strength, joint development, create a better tomorrow!

阜陽歷史悠久，名人輩出。這里是春秋時期政治家管仲故里，詩人嵇康的桑梓。中國文學史上著名的“唐宋八大家”中歐陽修、曾鞏、蘇軾曾在這里為官多年。區內古跡遍布，人文蔚盛，交相輝映。潁州西湖歷史上曾與杭州西湖齊名，潁上縣小張莊和八里河南湖公園先后被聯合國環境保護署命名為“全球500佳”。阜陽交通便捷，四通八達。京九鐵路自北向南貫穿全境，與商阜、漯阜、青阜、阜淮四條鐵路在境內構成“米”字型框架，直接與隴海、京廣、京滬等鐵路干線接軌，形成八線引入、五路交匯的鐵路網，京九鐵路阜陽編組站是京九線上最大的鐵路樞紐。

阜陽，一座生機勃勃的新興城市。勤勞、樸素的阜陽人民將憑借東西結合部、南北過渡帶的區位優勢，承東接西、呼南應北，竭誠與海內外朋友和有識之士通力合作，攜手發展，共創美好明天！

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第四篇：遠大前程英文介紹

The story is divided into three phases of Pip's life expectations.The first

“expectation” is allotted 19 chapters, and the other two 20 chapters each in the 59-chapter work.In some editions, the chapter numbering reverts to Chapter One in each expectation, but the original publication and most modern editions number the chapters consecutively from one to 59.At the end of chapters 19 and 39, readers are formally notified that they have reached the conclusion of a phase of Pip's expectations.In the first expectation, Pip lives a humble existence with his ill-tempered older sister and her strong but gentle husband, Joe Gargery.Pip is satisfied with this life and his warm friends until he is hired by an embittered wealthy woman, Miss Havisham, as an occasional companion to her and her beautiful but haughty adopted daughter, Estella.From that time on, Pip aspires to leave behind his simple life and be a gentleman.After years as companion to Miss Havisham and Estella, he spends more years as an apprentice to Joe, so that he may grow up to have a livelihood working as a blacksmith.This life is suddenly turned upside down when he is visited by a London attorney, Mr.Jaggers, who informs Pip that he is to come into the “Great Expectation” of a handsome property and be trained to be a gentleman at the behest of an anonymous benefactor.The second stage of Pip's expectations has Pip in London, learning the details of being a gentlemen, having tutors, fine clothing, and joining cultured society.Whereas he always engaged in honest labour when he was younger, he now is supported by a generous allowance, which he frequently lives beyond.He learns to fit in this new milieu, and experiences not only friendship but rivalry as he finds himself in the same circles as Estella, who is also pursued by many other men, especially Bentley Drummle, whom she favours.As he adopts the physical and cultural norms of his new status, he also adopts the class attitudes that go with it, and when Joe comes to visit Pip and his friend and roommate Herbert to deliver an important message, Pip is embarrassed to the point of hostility by Joe's unlearned ways, despite his protestations of love and friendship for Joe.At the end of this stage, Pip is introduced to his benefactor, again changing his world.The third and last stage of Pip's expectations alters Pip's life from the artificially supported world of his upper class strivings and introduces him to realities that he realizes he must deal with, facing moral, physical and financial challenges.He learns startling truths that cast into doubt the values that he once embraced so eagerly, and finds that he cannot regain many of the important things that he had cast aside so carelessly.The current ending of the story is different from Dickens's original intent, in which the ending matched the gloomy reverses to Pip's fortunes that typify the last expectation.Dickens was

prevailed upon to change the ending to one more acceptable to his readers'

tastes in that era, and this “new” ending was the published one and currently accepted as definitive.Dickens has Pip as the writer and first person narrator of this account of his life's experiences, and the entire story is understood to have been written as a retrospective, rather than as a present tense narrative or a diary or journal.Still, though Pip “knows” how all the events in the story will turn out, he uses only very subtle foreshadowing so that we learn of events only when the Pip in the story does.Pip does, however, use the perspective of the bitter lessons he's learned to comment acidly on various actions and attitudes in his earlier life.

第五篇：李小龍英文介紹

Today I would like to talk about Bruce Lee , the person I admired most.Bruce Lee, generation of martial arts master, the founder of Jeet kune Do, which is a kind of martial art he combine the advantages of Chinese Kungfu , Boxing, Karate and kickboxing in practice.Jeet kune do are much more flexiable than any other martial arts.Bruce Lee encourage people learn martial art should attackhis opponent directly without traditional routine.He is also a philosopher , which is rarely seenamong other martial arts master.He is aman full of thoughts and creativity.,He is the first Chinese to break into Hollywood, he revolutionized the world to promote the development of martial arts and kung fu movies.It is he who spread Chinese kungfu to world.Ordinary people may think that if they can possess one of the honor above, they would be satisfied.But when it comes to Bruce Lee，well，,he would never stop.He change the attitude of people all over the world towards Chinese.His untimely death make the whole world sighed.He was rather confident.his wife Linda said his 32 year life was full of energy and creativity.He knew how great his ability and creativity was, so he work to prove it every day.Maybe it was why he could be so successful in both martial art and movie.He is a hardworking man.Although he was flatfoot and myopia, he practice much every day ,never blame ,never give up.As a result ,he got many unique skills which shocked everyone who witnessed this.He was also a frank man.When communicate with other martial masters ,no matter which country were they come from ,he always told them without reservation.Deeply moved ,other martial masters also taught him.That’s why Jeet kune do can combine so many kinds of martial art all over the world.There were many obstacle on the way ,from both Chinese traditional martial field and American racism.But Bruce Lee never mind how people view him.So he complete what no one had done before.His story taught me determination, taught me that if you dream about something , work for it.He let me know sometimes you needn’t care about how others oppose you.Once I feel tired ,I thought about what he did everyday.When I choose to be a doctor ,mother worried about my poor ability of practice.But I think what I should do is prove that I can overcome the shortcoming by hard work.I thought about Bruce Lee, I’d like to do what he had done.My admiration bring me courage and power, so I live to the fullest every day.Every July 8th is Bruce Lee’s Day.I always climb mountain on this day.Thinking about the whole life of this great master ,looking up to sky, I felt maybe Bruce Lee never left.His great spirit would be with our Chinese people forever.