第一篇:全面介紹西餐禮儀英文版(中英對(duì)照)
全面介紹西餐禮儀英文版
Eating in American(I)中國菜著重色、香、味,西餐講究實(shí)惠。初到美國餐館用餐,應(yīng)該注意如下事項(xiàng):1)選擇合適的餐館(如:家庭式餐館、特色餐館以及自助式餐館等);2)餐館營業(yè)時(shí)間(上午11:30開門營業(yè),直到夜晚);3)一般都應(yīng)事先預(yù)訂餐位:4)到達(dá)餐館后,不能徑直地到餐桌旁入桌,除非餐廳有“隨意就坐”的告示;5)付款時(shí),別忘了留給服務(wù)員一定比例的小費(fèi)(一般為實(shí)際總額的10%~15%)。Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA.The food is usually good and often excellent;the prices are reasonable;and the service is mostly fine.Choosing a Restaurant 選擇餐館 Some restaurants are open for breakfast;others are open twenty-four hours a day.A number of restaurants call themselves “family restaurants”.Many of these serve no alcohol and have fairly restricted menus which include steaks,hamburgers,omelettes(炒蛋)and sandwiches,and all are at very reasonable prices.They may also serve smaller and cheaper children's portios(份餐).Note that many American restaurants are “speciatly”restaurants.They may serve only,or mainly ,steaks ,seafood,etc.When to Eat 供餐時(shí)間 Many restaurants,especially the more expensive ones,open at about 11:30a.m.(midday,rather than 1p.m.,is the most normal time for lunch in the USA),and some remain open until the evening,so it is possible to order a meal throughout the afternoon.In many areas it is usual for people to leave work and go out for an evening meal at 5p.m.or 6p.m.,than waiting until later.Reserving a Table 預(yù)訂餐位 Eating out is rather popular in the USA.And it is often necessary to make a reservation.You will sometimes see short queues of people waiting for tables at restaurants-it's more pleasant to wait in the bar ,of course,if there is one-but there queues more quickly.Arriving at Restaurant 到達(dá)餐館 When you arrive at most restaurant,you should not just go in and sit down-unless you see a sign saying “Please seat yourself”.Usually you will have to wait for a “hostess”or “captain”(領(lǐng)班)to escort(陪同)you to a table.Often there will be a sign that reads “Please wait to be seated”.Do not expect to share a table with other parties,even if the restaurant is crowed.It just isn't done.Many restaurant have a no-smoking section,in some place by lows.One excellent American custom is that after you have sat down your waiter or waitress will often bring you a glass or water(with ice naturally)and will keep on refilling it throughout the meal.(Most American are incapable of eating a meal without drinking something at the same time.)When your waiter or waitress takes your order,it is not very normal for one person to order for the whole table.Each person orders separately ,except in the most expensive restaurants.Summoning a waiter 召喚侍者 You may find your waiter unusually friendly.He may ask you how you are(You're supposed just to say “Fine”),inquire whether you have a good day and ,later on say that he hopes you will enjoy your meal.To summon a waiter in a American restaurant you may call “Bill”,or “Mary”,or “Claude”,or whatever.Waiters and waitresses often actually introduce themselves when they first come to your table or wear name tags,you are permitted to use their first names.Paying the Bill 付款 The bill(often called the “check”)comes usually with tax added but no service chare-though some restaurant do now add a service charge.The etiquette(規(guī)矩)books say that you should leave a ten per cent tip(小費(fèi))for lunch,fifteen per cent for dinner.The tip should be calculated on the basis of the total before the addition of tax.At many restaurant you can ask the waiter to bring the bill and than pay at a cash desk on the way out.Eating in American(II)
美國人吃飯用刀叉,而且他們的用餐方式是很有講究的。因此,在應(yīng)邀與美國朋友一起吃飯時(shí),應(yīng)特別注意他們的用餐習(xí)慣。一般情況下,餐桌上擺放有一幅餐刀和兩幅餐叉,外邊的餐叉供你吃色拉,里邊的餐叉用于吃主食和其它點(diǎn)心食品,餐刀用來切肉食。如果你兩手并用,應(yīng)左手握叉,右手握刀,而且一次握刀時(shí)間不能太長。美國人的早餐有:炒或煮雞蛋、香腸、油炸土豆片、薄煎餅、果子凍、烤面包、松餅、桔子汁以及咖啡等。
Eating Custom and Practice 用餐習(xí)慣 American eating is funny.They eat almost everything with a fork,and it appears that holding a knife in one's right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife,people take the fork in their left hand,and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner.Then they put the knife down,transfer the fork to their right hand,and only then do they transport the food to their mouth.This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑),but it is considered good manners.There are several results of this system.First,if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife,Americans don't use one,because obviously this greatly complicates(使復(fù)雜化)things,and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes,fish and even bacon(熏豬肉)with a fork.Second,towards the end of a course,since only one implement(器具)is being used,food has to bo chased around the plate with the fork —and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place,although one is not supposed to do this.Third,tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks,the outside fork being for the salad.There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork,but if you do use your knife,remerber to save it for the meat course.Even desserts(甜食)(except ice cream)are eaten with a fork if at all possible,and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee(but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything).Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食譜 Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience.If you order eggs in a restaurant,the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them.You can reply that you want them “scrambled(炒)”or “boiled”.It is not sufficient,however,to ask for them “fried”you will have to specify whether you would prefer them “sunny-side-up”(煎一面),“over”(兩面煎),“over-easy/easy-over”(兩面煎,但蛋黃仍然呈流體狀).American sausage(香腸)comes in slices and is quite spicy.But you can also have link sausage.American bacon comes in small strips,can be rather fat,and is served crispy.It is usually very tasty,and you can eat it with your fingers.“Hash brows”(油炸土豆片)are shredded(切成碎片的)and fried potatoes.They are wonderful,especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄醬).“Pancakes”(薄煎餅),sometimes called “hot cakes”,are made with baking power.They are normally served in a pile,and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果漿)on them.“Jelly”(果子凍)is jam and includes grape jelly,which is very tasty.Toast is often served already buttered.“English muffins(松餅)”are like small crumpets(烤餅)without the holes and are served toasted.You put jam on them.A “biscuit”(軟餅)is a snall,scone-like bread roll,often served hot.Orange juice and coffer are often serced with breakfast.Eating in American(III)
美國人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝點(diǎn)雞尾酒,但在加利福尼亞州,人們大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前,一般都要吃一盤色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋蔥圈可作為開胃食品,牛排、豬排和雞(腿)為主食,龍蝦、貝殼類動(dòng)物以及各種魚類甚至包括淡水魚被統(tǒng)稱為海鮮。炸土豆條是深受人們喜愛而且?guī)缀醭闪吮夭豢缮俚氖澄铩A硗鈶?yīng)特別注意的一點(diǎn),如有吃剩的食物,一定要打包帶回家,以免浪費(fèi)。
Cocktail 雞尾酒 It is quite usual to drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual,except in California,to drink wine with a meal.You can either have a cocktail in the bar,if there is one,while you wait for a table or for friends,or you can have one served before your dinner comes.At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail,and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat.At others,there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress.In this case,you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter-or the wine waiter is there is one.Do not hesitate to order Californian wines.They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.Salad 色拉 It is usual to have a salad with your meal,and a separate plate is provided for this purpose.The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course.A wonderful American invention is the salad bar.In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad.You go to the salad bar and help yourself,usually to as much as you want.This is normally done after you have ordered your meal;you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.Choosing from the Menu 選菜 American menus can look rather confusing at first sight,for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most vistors.Here are some points which may be useful.Fried mushrooms,fried onion rings(洋蔥圈)and fried zucchini(小胡瓜)are sometimes served as starters(第一道菜).Potatoes most often come “French-fried”or baked.If you order a baked potato,the waiter will ask you what you want on it.The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives(細(xì)香蔥).Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal,and you have to pay extra for them.“Scrod”(小鱈魚),“red snapper”(嚙龜)and “mahi hahi”are all name of fish.“Seafood”means lobster(龍蝦),shellfish and fish,including,funnily enough,freshwater fish!Prawns(對(duì)蝦)are known as “shrimp”.American beef is usually good and often wonderful.American salt and pepper(糊椒粉)pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot's holes are bigger.Pepper is normally black rather than white.American mustard(芥末)is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped(攪拌過的)butter.Leftovers 吃剩的食物 You have probably heard that in American restaurants,if you can't finish your meal,you can put the remains in a “doggy bag”and take them home.This is quite true.If you leave some meat,in particular,your waiter may ask you if you'd like him to put it into “a little bag”,or you can ask him to do this.
第二篇:西餐的禮儀介紹
導(dǎo)語:今天的西餐對(duì)于我們中國來說早已不再陌生。西餐與中餐相比,西餐禮儀相對(duì)的繁瑣復(fù)雜,掌握好西餐禮儀是個(gè)人文化。以下是小編為大家整理分享的西餐禮儀西餐的禮儀介紹,歡迎閱讀參考。
西餐的禮儀介紹
這面就介紹一些西餐禮儀的基本知識(shí):
使用刀叉
如在用餐時(shí)要放下刀叉,應(yīng)將其放在盤子兩邊,刀與叉子頭向內(nèi)。
如用完了餐(即使盤中仍有剩余食物),應(yīng)把刀叉平行斜放入盤中,叉齒朝下。叉離自己近、刀離自己遠(yuǎn)。
在將盤中食物推到叉上去時(shí),應(yīng)使用面包,而不要用刀去推。
不要始終拿著刀,也不要刀朝上。而要在切好食物后,便放下刀,讓刀放在盤子平行的右側(cè),然后使用叉吃。
注意,如果不知該怎么正確使用刀叉時(shí),就看別人如何做,依樣畫葫蘆。
在有許多刀叉排列在桌上時(shí),使用規(guī)則也是每次使用最外側(cè)的刀與叉。
在使用刀時(shí),應(yīng)刀刃向下、食指按在刀脊上切割。
選用酒杯
如果你面前放著四個(gè)杯子,不要隨便拿起哪只就用。要知道其中的區(qū)分。
大杯用于盛水,人們不用它來干杯。因此,干杯時(shí)不能舉這個(gè)大杯。
中杯用于盛紅葡萄酒。小杯用于盛白葡萄酒。細(xì)長杯子用來盛香檳酒。
食用面包
將面包放在自己左面小盤中。在食用面包時(shí),是不用刀去切割面包的,而是用手撕下一塊一塊面包,然后再放入嘴中。因此,人們也不用嘴去直接咬面包,除非是三明治。
如果要將黃油涂上面包,應(yīng)是用手一塊塊撕下面包,然后一小塊一小塊涂。不要一下子將整個(gè)面包涂滿。當(dāng)然在早餐時(shí),可以在一長條半片棍子面包上涂上黃油、果醬。但在正餐中就不能這樣了。
飲酒、水、飲料時(shí)應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)
在飲用杯中物時(shí),應(yīng)先將口中咀嚼物咽下,然后將刀、叉在盤中放成八字形或交叉,再用餐巾紙將嘴唇擦拭干凈。然后再喝酒、水等。
在喝酒、水等時(shí),中國人習(xí)慣舉杯仰頭痛飲,一口喝光。而在西方這卻恰恰是應(yīng)避免的。最文明的方式在西方是頭保持平直、一口口啜飲。喝到底時(shí),杯中總還是留一點(diǎn)酒。
在喝飲料、湯、酒、水等時(shí),不要用嘴唇吸出聲音來,而應(yīng)一口一口地輕輕喝。
在祝酒時(shí),總是由主人或是地位、身份最高者倡議。
在握杯時(shí),應(yīng)一手抓滿杯子,不要在擎杯時(shí)翹起小指或其它手指。
其他一些注意事項(xiàng)
除了用手撕面包吃外,其它食物都用刀、叉、匙子來吃。
食用生菜不用刀去切割,只用叉的邊緣去切割。
盤中最好不要留下剩余食品。當(dāng)然也不用“涮”得很干凈。
使用餐巾時(shí),應(yīng)將其平攤在膝蓋上。用完餐后略一疊就留在桌旁好了。不能將其完全疊好,也不能將其揉成一團(tuán)扔在桌上。
如要吐出嘴中硬核、魚刺等,不要直接吐在手上,而要用叉接好去放在盤子邊緣。
吃東西時(shí),用叉將食物取起放入口中,而不要低頭用嘴去接近食物。
在西餐桌上很少用牙簽,因此最好不用。
萬一打翻酒杯等,不用大驚小怪,只說一聲道歉便可。到用餐結(jié)束后再道歉一聲更好。
第三篇:西餐禮儀介紹目錄
導(dǎo)語:外國人的講究可是很多的,尤其是你受邀參加晚宴的時(shí)候。以下小編為大家介紹西餐禮儀介紹目錄文章,歡迎大家閱讀參考!
西餐禮儀介紹目錄
西餐基礎(chǔ)禮儀
1、刀叉:手握叉子時(shí)不要像握大提琴那樣,或像握麥克佩斯夫人的匕首那樣。另外,不要手握刀叉在空中飛來舞去用以強(qiáng)調(diào)說話的某一點(diǎn),也不要將刀叉的一頭搭在盤子上,一頭放在餐桌上。刀叉一旦拿起使用,就不能再放回原處。刀子放在盤子上時(shí),刀刃朝里,頭在盤子里,刀把放在盤子邊緣上。
2.餐巾:不要拿餐巾去用力擦臉的下部,要輕輕地沾擦。不要抖開餐巾再去折疊,不要在空中像揮動(dòng)旗子那樣揮動(dòng)餐巾。餐巾應(yīng)放在大腿上,如果離開餐桌,要將餐巾放在椅子上,并把椅子推近餐桌。注意動(dòng)作要輕。用餐結(jié)束時(shí)不要折疊餐巾;否則,不了解情況的服務(wù)生可能會(huì)再給別的客人使用。用餐結(jié)束時(shí)要將餐巾從中間拿起,輕輕地放在餐桌上盤子的左側(cè)。
3.咀嚼:嚼東西時(shí)嘴要閉緊,無論你有什么驚人的妙語,時(shí)機(jī)多么恰到好處,只要嘴里有食物,絕不能開口說話。不能為了著急說話而馬上將食物吞下,要保持細(xì)嚼慢咽的姿勢(shì),將食物咽下后會(huì)意地露出笑容,以轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)你內(nèi)心的活動(dòng):剛才完全可以有妙語出口,只是口中有食物。
4.坐姿:要牢記你媽媽的話,坐立要直,不要將胳膊肘支在餐桌上。如果手放在什么位置都不自在,放在大腿上。
5.面包:面包上抹黃油尤其要注意,將面包掰成可以一口吃下的小塊,臨吃前在小塊上抹黃油,不要圖方便將整個(gè)面包上都抹上黃油。
6.速度:切忌速度過快,無論你是在RitzCarton還是在格爾蒂的GreasePit酒店用餐,大口吞咽食物不僅有害健康,而且也不雅觀,尤其是和他人共同進(jìn)餐時(shí),這么做會(huì)顯得失禮。共同進(jìn)餐時(shí)大家的量應(yīng)該一樣,并保持同時(shí)開始同時(shí)結(jié)束的速度,別人都開始品味甜食了而你還在喝湯是不可取的。
7.剔牙:如果塞了牙,切忌在餐桌上剔牙,如果的確忍受不住,找個(gè)借口去洗手間,你可以在那里剔個(gè)夠。
8.口紅:將口紅留在餐具上是不可取的,工作用餐尤其如此。如果沒有隨身攜帶紙手帕,進(jìn)酒店時(shí)可以順便到洗手間去一趟,或到吧臺(tái)去取塊紙餐巾。
9.吸煙:即使在吸煙區(qū)用餐,用餐期間吸煙也不可取,吸煙會(huì)影響他人的食欲,而且和整個(gè)氣氛也不和諧,應(yīng)該等到用餐結(jié)束后再吸煙,還應(yīng)記住:不要用盤子當(dāng)煙灰缸。
10.物品:女用手提包及男用手提箱這類東西不要放在餐桌上,鑰匙、帽子、手套、眼鏡、眼鏡盒、香煙等物品都不要放在餐桌上。總之,凡是和用餐無關(guān)的東西都不能放在餐桌上。
西餐禮儀知多少
1.TheSoup Course 湯
Dinner usually beginswith soup.The largest spoon at your place is the soupspoon.It will be besideyour plate at the right-hand side.晚餐往往以湯開始。你的位置處,湯匙是最大的那個(gè)勺子。它在你盤子的右手邊。
2.TheFish Course 魚
Ifthere is a fish course, it will probably follow the soup.There may be aspecial fork for the fish.Often it is smaller.如果這頓餐有魚的話,那么很可能是在湯后面上魚。可能會(huì)有一個(gè)專門吃魚的叉子,往往是最小的那個(gè)。
3.Using Knife and Fork 刀叉用法
Forthe main or meat course, the English use the knife in the right hand to cut,keep the fork in the left hand, and bring the food to the mouth.Americans alsocarve the meat with the knife, then laydown the knife and taking the fork in the right hand, push it under a smallpiece of food and bring it to the mouth.對(duì)于主菜或者肉菜,英國人右手拿刀切食物,左手拿叉,將食物送入口中。而美國人也用刀切食物,但是之后他們放下刀,右手拿叉,壓在食物上,然后送入口中。
4.Helping Yourself and Refusing 盡情用餐與拒絕
Theservant will pass the dish in at your left hand so that you can conveniently serve yourself with your right hand.But if there is something you may not like, you may quietly say: “No thankyou.”
服務(wù)生會(huì)把菜放在你的左手邊,以便于你能夠用右手盡情用餐。但是如果你有什么不喜歡吃的,可以輕聲說:“不了,謝謝。”
5.TheSalad Course 沙拉
Asalad is eaten with a fork only held in the right hand with points turned up.There is usually a special one for the salad, a little smaller than the meatfork.吃沙拉的時(shí)候右手拿叉,尖朝上。通常會(huì)有一個(gè)專門吃沙拉的叉子,比吃肉的叉子稍稍小一點(diǎn)。
6.Bread and Butter 面包和黃油
Breadis taken in the fingers and laid on the side plate or the edge of the largeplate.Butter is taken from the butter dish with the butter knife.面包放在邊盤或者大盤的邊緣,吃的時(shí)候用手拿著。用黃油刀從黃油碟中取黃油。
7.Leaving the Table 離席
It isimpolite for a guest to leave the table during a meal.在吃飯期間離席是不禮貌的。
8.Various rules and Suggestions 規(guī)則及建議
Sit upstraight on your chair;
在座位上坐直;
Do notput much food in your mouth at a time;
不要一次放太多食物在嘴里;
Drinkonly when there is no food in your mouth.喝飲品時(shí)口中不要有食物。
第四篇:西餐上菜服務(wù)禮儀介紹
西餐上菜的服務(wù)與中餐有相同點(diǎn),但也有所不同,尤其在擺臺(tái)、上菜和上酒的具體操作手法上中西餐各有其特點(diǎn),在這里通過介紹法式、美式和俄式上菜程序上的禮儀及各自的上菜服務(wù)原則來詳細(xì)分析西餐上菜的服務(wù)禮儀常識(shí)。
西餐上菜服務(wù)禮儀介紹
西餐法式上菜
上菜人員將所有食品用小推車送上,因食物在廚房內(nèi)只進(jìn)行了初加工,成為半成品,加工為成品菜肴需在小車上完成,所以上菜人員要有一定的專業(yè)技術(shù)。
具體程序是:客人就坐,上菜人員送飲料,再將廚房中燒煮各好的菜放進(jìn)餐廳的手推小車上,在客人面前完成上菜的準(zhǔn)備工作,將未燒好的半成品燒成食品并裝盤,同時(shí)調(diào)味汁也需由上菜人員在客人面前調(diào)好,把燒好的菜放入盤里后再送給客人。面包、白脫、色拉或其他小物品裝盤時(shí),用左手從客人左邊送上外,其他所有食品都從客人右邊用右手送上,包括飲料。
另外,注意撤盤時(shí)仍用右手從客人右邊拿走,端盤時(shí)應(yīng)使用大拇指、食指和中指,手指不要碰到盤邊的上部,以保證衛(wèi)生。待所有客人吃完以后,要清除臺(tái)面。主菜撤去后,將調(diào)味瓶也撤下,此時(shí)可以送上甜點(diǎn)了。法式上菜程序使客人感到很舒適,但上菜人員則在不停地工作。
西餐美式上菜
客人坐下后習(xí)慣先喝一杯冰水,這時(shí)應(yīng)在客人的右邊將水杯內(nèi)倒?jié)M冰水,如有不喝冰水的客人,應(yīng)為他送上雞尾酒或其他開胃酒,再為所有賓客送上面包、白脫、湯中開胃品(色拉)等,用左手從左邊送上,將開胃酒杯從右邊撤下,再上主菜,一般是在廚房里裝盤,放在托盤內(nèi)送出,同時(shí)將湯和開胃品盤從右邊撤下。主菜從客人左邊送上,從左邊再加面包和白脫,如需加咖啡,一般與主菜一起上,不過咖啡須從客人右邊上,用右手把咖啡杯倒?jié)M,如果有甜點(diǎn),把主菜盤撤走,再自左側(cè)送上甜點(diǎn)盤,并加滿飲料和咖啡。可見美式上菜速度快,方法簡便。
西餐俄式上菜
客人就坐后,先上飲料,食物在廚房內(nèi)已完全備好。當(dāng)服務(wù)人員將大盤菜從客人的左邊用右手分送給客人時(shí),按逆時(shí)針方向進(jìn)行。另外,大盤內(nèi)分剩的菜可重新送回廚房,被再利用,減少浪費(fèi)。
西餐上菜的順序
1、頭盤
西餐的第一道菜是頭盤,也稱為開胃品。開胃品的內(nèi)容一般有冷頭盤或熱頭盤之分,常見的品種有魚子醬、鵝肝醬、熏鮭魚、雞尾杯、奶油雞酥盒、焗蝸牛等。因?yàn)槭且_胃,所以開胃菜一般都具有特色風(fēng)味,味道以咸和酸為主,而且數(shù)量較少,質(zhì)量較高。
2、湯
與中餐有極大不同的是,西餐的第二道菜就是湯。西餐的湯大致可分為清湯奶油湯、蔬菜湯和冷湯等4類。品種有牛尾清湯、各式奶油湯、海鮮湯、美式蛤蜊周打湯、意式蔬菜湯、俄式羅宋湯、法式局蔥頭湯。冷湯的品種較少,有德式冷湯、俄式冷湯等。
3、副菜
魚類菜肴一般作為西餐的第三道菜,也稱為副菜。品種包括各種淡、海水魚類、貝類及軟體動(dòng)物類。通常水產(chǎn)類菜肴與蛋類、面包類、酥盒菜肴品均稱為副菜。因?yàn)轸~類等菜肴的肉質(zhì)鮮嫩,比較容易消化,所以放在肉類菜肴的前面,叫法上也和肉類菜肴主菜有區(qū)別。西餐吃魚菜肴講究使用專用的調(diào)味汁,品種有靼汁、荷蘭汁、酒店汁、白奶油汁、大主教汁、美國汁和水手魚汁等。
4、主菜
肉、禽類菜肴是西餐的第四道菜,也稱為主菜。肉類菜肴的原料取自牛、羊豬、小牛仔等各個(gè)部位的肉,其中最有代表性的是牛肉或牛排。牛排按其部位又可分為沙朗牛排(也稱西冷牛排)、菲利牛排、“T”骨型牛排、薄牛排等。其烹調(diào)方法常用烤、煎、鐵扒等。肉類菜肴配用的調(diào)味汁主要有西班牙汁、濃燒汁精、靡菇汁、白尼斯汁等。
食類菜肴的原料取自雞、鴨、鵝,通常將兔肉和鹿肉等野味也歸入禽類菜肴禽類菜肴品種最多的是雞,有山雞、火雞、竹雞、可煮、可炸、可烤、可燜,主要的調(diào)味汁有黃肉汁、咖喱汁、奶油汁等。
5、蔬菜類菜肴
蔬菜類菜肴可以安排在肉類菜肴之后,也可以與肉類菜肴同時(shí)上桌,所以可以算為一道菜,或稱之為一種配菜。蔬菜類菜肴在西餐中稱為沙拉。與主菜同時(shí)服務(wù)的沙拉,稱為生蔬菜沙拉,一般用生菜、西紅柿、黃瓜、蘆筍等制作。沙拉的主要調(diào)味汁有醋油汁、法國汁、干島汁、奶酪沙拉汁等。
沙拉除了蔬菜之外,還有一類是用魚、肉、蛋類制作的,這類沙拉一般不加味汁,在進(jìn)餐順序上可以做為頭盤食用。
還有一些蔬菜是熟食的,如花椰菜、煮菠菜、炸土豆條。熟食的蔬菜通常是與主菜的肉食類菜肴一同擺放在餐盤中上桌,稱之為配菜。
6、甜品
西餐的甜品是主菜后食用的,可以算做是第六道菜。從真正意義上講,它包括所有主菜后的食物,如布丁、煎餅、冰淇淋、奶酪、水果等等。
7、咖啡、茶
西餐的最后一道是上飲料,咖啡或茶。飲咖啡一般要加糖和淡奶油。茶一般要加香桃片和糖。
第五篇:吃西餐刀叉禮儀介紹
如果你不習(xí)慣用刀叉,那就買一套放在家里練習(xí)如何使用,直到運(yùn)用自如,不然以后出去會(huì)別人笑話的。下面就是小編整理的吃西餐刀叉禮儀介紹,一起來看一下吧。
西餐禮儀的刀叉擺放
刀叉的擺放
世界上高級(jí)的西式宴會(huì)擺臺(tái)是基本統(tǒng)一的。
共同原則是:餐盤正中、盤前橫匙、叉左刀右、先里后外、叉尖向上、刀口朝盤、主食靠左,餐具在右,各種餐具成線,餐具與菜肴配套。
臺(tái)面物品:花瓶放在桌子中央,花瓶前擺鹽和胡椒,左鹽右椒,鹽胡椒前面放牙簽筒,牙簽筒前面是煙缸,煙缸缺口對(duì)準(zhǔn)鹽和胡椒的中縫,桌墊擺在桌子正中央。
擺放時(shí),手不可觸摸盤面和杯口,要用托盤盛放餐具、酒具及用具。擺放金、銀器皿時(shí),應(yīng)佩戴手套,保證餐具清潔,防止污染。
餐具擺放流程及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
餐盤(裝飾盤)→餐刀、叉、匙→面包盤→酒杯。餐具擺好后,在餐盤中擺上餐巾花,桌子中間擺上花瓶,胡椒粉瓶和鹽瓶,還有牙簽、煙灰缸和蠟燭臺(tái)等。
1.擺展示盤
可用托盤端托,也可用左手墊好口布。口布?jí)|在餐盤盤底,把展示盤托起,從主人位開始,按順時(shí)針方向用右手將餐盤擺放于餐位正前方,盤邊距桌邊1.5厘米,餐盤間的距離要相等。
2.擺面包盤、黃油碟
展示盤左側(cè)10厘米處擺面包盤。面包盤與展示盤的中心軸取齊,黃油碟擺在面包盤右前方,距面包盤1.5厘米,圖案擺正。
3.擺餐刀、叉、勺從展示盤的右側(cè)順序擺放餐刀、叉、勺。擺放時(shí),應(yīng)手拿刀、叉、勺柄處,從主刀開始擺。
(1)主刀擺放于展示盤的右側(cè),與餐臺(tái)邊呈垂直狀,刀柄距桌邊1厘米,刀刃向左,與展示盤相距1厘米。
(2)魚刀、頭盤刀、湯勺,擺放間距0.5厘米,刀刃向左,勺面向上。
(3)主叉放于展示盤左側(cè),與展示盤相距1厘米,叉柄距桌邊1厘米。
(4)擺放魚叉時(shí),魚叉柄距桌邊5厘米,叉頭向上突出。頭盤叉(開胃叉)叉面向上,叉柄與主叉柄平行。
(5)甜食叉,放在甜食勺的正前方,與勺平行,勺頭向左,與甜食叉的叉柄相距1厘米。
(6)黃油刀斜放在面包盤上,刀刃向左,黃油刀中心與面包盤的中心線吻合,刀柄朝右下方,面包盤三分之一處。
4.擺酒具
擺酒具時(shí),要拿酒具的杯托或杯底部。
(1)水杯擺在主刀的上方,杯底中心在主刀的中心線上,杯底距主刀尖2厘米。
(2)紅葡萄酒杯擺在水杯的右下方,杯底中心與水杯杯底中心的連線與餐臺(tái)邊成45°角,杯壁間距0 5厘米。
(3)白葡萄酒杯擺在紅葡萄酒杯的右下方,其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)同上。
5.擺放餐巾
折花餐巾折花放于展示盤內(nèi),餐巾折花花型搭配適當(dāng),將觀賞面朝向客人。
6.擺蠟燭臺(tái)和椒、鹽瓶。西餐宴會(huì)一般擺兩個(gè)蠟燭臺(tái),蠟燭臺(tái)擺在臺(tái)布的中線上、餐臺(tái)兩側(cè)適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩=贰Ⅺ}瓶要在臺(tái)布中線上按左鹽右椒對(duì)稱擺放,瓶壁相距0.5厘米,瓶底與蠟燭臺(tái)臺(tái)底距離2厘米。
7.擺煙灰缸、火柴。煙灰缸要放在正、副主人的正前方,它的中心在正、副主人展示盤的中心垂直線上,距椒、鹽瓶2厘米。火柴平架在煙灰缸上端,畫面向上。擺放時(shí),從第一主人右側(cè)開始,每隔一位擺放一個(gè)煙灰缸。
刀叉的用法
在刀叉使用之前,先將餐巾拿下,在餐桌下對(duì)折并開口朝外平鋪于大腿上,不要在餐桌上抖動(dòng)、對(duì)折餐巾,這樣不衛(wèi)生禮貌。若要用餐巾擦拭,就拿取上面一層,不要將整個(gè)餐巾拿上餐桌來擦拭。如果是賓主的關(guān)系,需等主人拿取餐巾后才開始使用。
刀叉的用法主要分為美式American Style與歐式Continental Style/European Style。
美式的刀叉用法:就餐時(shí),左手拿叉,右手拿刀,輕握尾端,食指按在柄上,用叉固定食物,用刀輕輕切割。切下一口大小的食物后,刀刃朝內(nèi),在食盤的上半部放下刀具,換右手拿叉進(jìn)食,用握筆的方式且叉齒朝上。歐式的刀叉用法:就餐時(shí),與美式相同,左手拿叉,右手拿刀,輕握尾端,食指按在柄上,用叉固定食物,用刀輕輕切割。切完一口大小的食物后,不用放下刀具,繼續(xù)用左手拿叉,叉齒朝下進(jìn)食。可以用刀具幫助叉子拾取食物。整個(gè)就餐過程中都可以不用放下刀叉,不管是咀嚼食物或是與他人交談。美式與歐式的刀叉用法差別主要就在用餐之時(shí)。在英國,當(dāng)然歐式的刀叉用法更為普遍,因?yàn)闅W洲人認(rèn)為頻繁地更換左右手拿叉略顯粗野。
中途若想放下刀叉交談或休息,可將刀叉交叉放置于食盤的下半部,刀在下,刀刃朝內(nèi),叉在上,叉齒朝下。若要起身離開,將椅子后移,餐巾輕輕放在椅子上,不能把餐巾放在餐桌上離開。返回時(shí),輕輕將餐巾拿起放在腿前坐下。就餐完畢,將刀叉并排放于食盤中間,或者朝向時(shí)鐘十點(diǎn)二十的方向放置,刀刃朝內(nèi),叉齒朝下。餐巾放于食盤左側(cè)。在就餐完畢之前,刀叉、湯匙和餐巾一旦使用后就不能直接放在餐桌上,只有當(dāng)吃完之后,餐巾才能放餐桌上。
常見錯(cuò)誤方式
餐巾的主要功能是防止食物弄臟衣服,以及擦掉嘴唇上和手上的油漬,千萬不要拿來擦臉,更不可拿在手中亂揉,這樣既不衛(wèi)生又不符合餐桌禮儀。
一定不要任意使用刀叉,必須依照上菜的順序依次取用餐具。
如果用歐式的刀叉用法,在整個(gè)就餐過程中都可以不用放下刀叉,不管是咀嚼食物或是與他人交談。但切記不要手拿刀叉空中揮舞,要做手勢(shì),就將刀叉放下。不要一只手拿刀或叉,而另一只手拿餐巾擦嘴,也不要一只手拿酒杯,另一只手拿叉取菜。