第一篇：口譯

? Spring Festival is usually celebrated from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first month in lunar calendar.Or [… from the 1st day to the 15th day of the first lunar(moon)month.]

Special days >>>

大年夜

Spring Festival Eve

大年初一

the 1st day of the lunar new year

the beginning of the lunar new year 年畫

New year painting Set off firecrackers Chinese knot

中國結(jié)

During this Festival

? a happy family-get-together ? ? ? ? ? ? reunion dinner(s)Spring Festival Gala 春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會 Stay up 守歲

Bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new year 辭舊歲迎新年 Gift money / red-packet money 壓歲錢 Pay new year’s visit 拜年

? Dragon dance;lion dance ? Travel;a good rest;… ② 元宵節(jié) the lantern festival ? The fifteenth day of the first month in lunar calendar What is the traditional custom of the Chinese in this festival? ? Enjoy the Yuan Xiao, a kind of glutinous rice ball, with various mince in it.Appreciate the lantern Play with the riddles on the lantern 端午節(jié)Dragon Boat Day The fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar.What is the traditional custom in this festival? Enjoy the glutinous rice dumplings.Dragon boat Sachet 香包 Wear a sachet Herbs 藥草

Hang herbs by the door The legend of this festival 七夕Double 7th day Long, long ago, there was an honest and kind-hearted fellow named Niu Lang(Cowhand).His parents died when he was a child.Later he was driven out of his home by his sister-in-law.So he lived by himself herding cattle and farming.One day, a fairy from heaven Zhi Nu(Weaver Maid)fell in love with him and came down secretly to earth and married him.The cowhand farmed in the field and the Weaver Maid wove at home.They lived a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl.Unfortunately, the God of Heaven soon found out the fact and ordered the Queen Mother of the Western Heavens to bring the Weaver Maid back.? With the help of celestial cattle, the Cowhand flew to heaven with his son and daughter.At the time when he was about to catch up with his wife, the Queen Mother took off one of her gold hairpins and made a stroke.One billowy river appeared in front of the Cowhand.The Cowhand and Weaver Maid were separated on the two banks forever and could only feel their tears.Their loyalty to love touched magpies, so tens of thousands of magpies came to build a bridge for the Cowhand and Weaver Maid to meet each other.The Queen Mother was eventually moved and allowed them to meet each year on the 7th of the 7th lunar month.Hence their meeting date has been called “Qi Xi”(Double Seventh).中秋The mid-autumn day ? The fifteenth day of the eighth month in lunar calendar What is the custom in this festival? ? Enjoy the moon cake Appreciate the moon The legend of moon 重陽節(jié)Double ninth day ? The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival.?

? It usually falls in October in the Gregorian calendar.In an ancient and mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, number “6” was thought to be of Yin character, meaning feminine or negative, while number “9” was thought to be Yang, meaning masculine or positive.So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival, or Chongyang Festival.The custom of ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago.Therefore, the Double Ninth Festival is also called “Height Ascending Festival”.The height people will reach is usually a mountain or a tower.Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity.Even today, people still swarm to famous or little known mountains on this day.Chong in Chinese means “double.” Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify “forever“(久), both are “Jiu Jiu,” the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration.That's why ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.LESSON 1—RECEPTION & CEROMONIAL SPEECH

I.Vocabulary and Sentence Patterns 1.Vocabulary 尊敬的朋友們 Distinguished/Honorable/Respected friends 各位來賓,在座各位

all the(distinguished)guests, all the present here 歡聚一堂 enjoy this happy get-together 慶祝成立…一周年 celebrate the 1st Anniversary of the establishment of … 慶祝中華人民共和國成立四十五周年招待會

Reception Celebrating the 45th Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China 隆重慶祝 grand celebration 以……名義 in the name of 本著……精神 in the spirit of 由衷的謝意 heartfelt thanks 紀(jì)念

in honor of;to honor;in commemoration of;to observe 慶祝

in celebration of;to celebrate;to observe 熱情友好的歡迎辭 gracious speech of welcome 提供全方位的服務(wù) to offer an all-round service to...竭誠 do one's best，spare no efforts。坦誠相待...in an honest partnership 接待...to play host to...;to receive/ host …

學(xué)校的全體師生員工 all the faculty, students and staff of the university 向...表示熱烈歡迎 to extend one's warm welcome to...格林博士和夫人

Dr.and Mrs.Green 友好合作關(guān)系 the friendly relations and co-operations 值此...之際,...On the occasion of....就...問題進(jìn)行發(fā)言 to address the meeting on the topic of...在這舉國同慶的夜晚 On the occasion of this evening of national celebration 外國來賓

overseas visitors/guests 盡情品嘗中國的傳統(tǒng)美酒和佳肴have a good time enjoying the finest traditional Chinese cuisine and wine 彼此溝通,增進(jìn)友誼

to get to know each other and to promote our friendship 熱情的迎接和款待 warm reception and hospitality 令人愉快,難以忘懷!….be truly pleasant and enjoyable and most memorable 中美合資企業(yè) a Sino-American joint venture 富有(中華民族文化)特色的......With … characteristics

安排了...的旅游路線 offer you...a tour program/an itinerary 景點(diǎn)和名勝 scenic spots and historical sites 觀賞

appreciate 地方風(fēng)味小吃

local delicacies 專程造訪

come all the way

精心安排 a thoughtful/considerate arrangement

為…舉行宴會/宴請 to host a dinner/banquet/luncheon in honor of … 歡迎宴會

welcome dinner 便宴

informal dinner，light meal 工作午餐

working luncheon 自助餐 buffet dinner 答謝宴會 return dinner 告別宴會

farewell dinner 招待會

reception 雞尾酒會

cocktail party 茶話會 tea part 舉行會議/研討會/大會/座談會/學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告會

hold a meeting/ seminar/ conference / forum/ symposium 贊助人/主辦人/承辦人/協(xié)辦人

patron/sponsor/organizer/co-organizer 舉行談判 enter into negotiation 交涉

make representations with sb.on sth./deal with sb.事物性會談 talks at working level 對口會談

counterpart talks 議程項(xiàng)目items on the agenda 開幕會議

opening session 全體會議 plenary session 開場白

introduction 情況介紹 presentation 小組討論

panel discussion 2.Sentence Patterns 我非常感謝...Thank you very much for.../I’d like to thank … for….這次訪問使我有機(jī)會…(The visit will)give me an(excellent)opportunity to...我們很高興...It gives us great pleasure to.../We are so pleased/ honored to… 我要為...，再次表達(dá)我的愉快之情和榮幸之感。

I wish to say again that I am so delighted and privileged to...我為能有機(jī)會..向....致以深深的謝意.I would like to express my deep appreciation to...for this opportunity to...我多年來一直盼望…

I have been looking forward to...for(many)years 你若不在意的話，..If you don't mind, I’d like to…

我相信...I believe that…;I am convinced/ confident that...祝大家...wish you all...基于...,...Considering the fact that.../...Based on the fact that… 現(xiàn)在我提議，為了…和…之間的合作，為了…的健康，干杯！

At this point, I propose a toast to the cooperation between…and…,to the health of…,cheers!最后，我借主人的酒，提議為…干杯！

Lastly, taking up this glass of fine wine, I propose a toast to … 值此節(jié)日之際,我向…致以節(jié)日的祝賀.On the occasion of the festival, I would like to extend the greetings to...Propose a toast…

為此，我向總理，向我們的中國客人提議，為美中兩國關(guān)系的繼續(xù)推進(jìn)乾杯。

為我們兩國和我們鄰國的光明未來、為我們面臨的建立安全、繁榮與和平的世界的重任乾杯。

And so I would like to propose a toast to the Premier, and to our Chinese colleagues: Toast to the continued advancement of relations between the United States and China.To a bright future for our nations and our neighbors, and to the work ahead of us to build a secure, prosperous and peaceful world.現(xiàn)在我提議,為布什總統(tǒng)和夫人的健康,為中美兩國友誼的萬古長青,為中美的繁榮富強(qiáng),干杯!Now I would like to propose a toast to the health of President and Mrs.Bush, to the everlasting friendship between the U.S.A and china and the prosperity of the two countries!Cheers!

表示感謝,敬意等

主席先生，我懷著非常愉快的心情出席本屆年會。值此大會開幕之際，我為能有機(jī)會就和平與發(fā)展問題進(jìn)行發(fā)言，謹(jǐn)向東道主致以深深的謝意。與此同時(shí)，我向所有與會代表致以崇高的敬意。

Mr.Chairman, I am very pleasant to attend this current annual meeting.On the occasion of the opening ceremony, I would like to extend my heartfelt thanks to our host for the given opportunity to address the meeting on the topic of peace and development.And meanwhile,I would like to express my deepest respect to all the present here.我希望能借此機(jī)會,代表我的同事,感謝您熱情的迎接和款待.在中國的這六天,真的是非常令人愉快,難以忘記.I wish to take this opportunity to thank you on behalf of all my colleagues for your warm reception and incomparable hospitality.The past six days in China have been truly pleasant and enjoyable, and most memorable.今天貴國外交部國際研究中心邀請我到這里發(fā)表演講,我感到很榮幸.首先,我代表中國政府和人民,并以我個(gè)人的名義,向貴國人民致以親切的問候和良好的祝愿!向在座的以及一切為我們兩國友誼做出貢獻(xiàn)的各屆人士,表示衷心的感謝!Today, I am very honored to be here and address at the invitation of your international studies center of the ministry of foreign affairs of your country.First, on behalf of the chinese government and people, and in my own name, I would like to give our best greetings and wishes to your people!and to extend our heartfelt thanks to all the present here and those who have contributed to the friendship between our two peoples.首先，我感謝萊文校長的邀請，使我有機(jī)會來到世界著名學(xué)府耶魯大學(xué)，同青年朋友和老師們相聚在一起。

Let me begin by thanking you, Mr.Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of this world-renowned university.I have been looking forward to …

? Background knowledge近年來，中國的乳制品行業(yè)問題頻發(fā)，問題牛奶、過期牛奶、有毒奶粉層出不窮，不僅蠶食著人們的身體健康，更危及著人們對整個(gè)行業(yè)的信任。

病例：

2004： 大頭娃娃

2008：三聚氰胺導(dǎo)致腎結(jié)石等 Practice

VOCABULARY 1 ? Scandal

丑聞

… scandal 關(guān)于……的丑聞 ? Dairy group

Dairy firm ? Milk powder ? Malnourishment

Listen and fill in the blanks ________ in China has been a big _______ for many years.________ involving ___________ have _________ one after another since __________.? A ___________ scandal _________ the nation in 2004.Hundreds of ________________ nationwide after _________ milk powder.Many developed ____________,where their heads appeared _______________compared to their bodies._____infants, mostly from________, ________of malnutrition.Vocabulary 2

? Come into the spotlight ? Diagnose 診斷，判斷 ? Kidney stone 腎結(jié)石

? A milk safety scandal ___________again in _______.Hundreds of thousands of ________were ______________after being _______ with milk powder produced by the________, one of China's ________dairy firms.Background knowledge 北京時(shí)間2011年7月5日早9:36，地鐵四號線動物園站A口上行電扶梯發(fā)生設(shè)備故障，正在搭乘電梯的部分乘客出現(xiàn)摔倒情況。京港地鐵公司啟動相關(guān)應(yīng)急預(yù)案，受傷乘客均已送往醫(yī)院救治。

Practice 2 Vocabulary: escalator 電動浮梯 Subway stop

地鐵站

Metro

subway

underground Subway Line 4：地鐵4號線

municipal government's information office 市政府新聞辦公室

emergency response：緊急預(yù)案

An _______accident at a Beijing subway stop has left ____________________, _______of them seriously.The accident _________around _______local time __________the ___________ on Subway Line _____.? The municipal government's information office said some people _______on the escalator after______________ ? The company said it has already ________________

and

________________.An _______into the accident_______________.Background knowledge 2011年4月8日，上海迪士尼樂園項(xiàng)目正式開工建設(shè)，投資245億元，預(yù)計(jì)于5年后建成；中國將成為除美國本土外唯一一個(gè)擁有兩個(gè)迪士尼樂園的國家。

Practice 3 ? Vocabulary:Vocabulary: ? 1.amusement park 游樂場 ? 2.Hectares 公頃 ? 3.ferry 擺渡，運(yùn)送

ferry visitors in and out 運(yùn)送游客 ? 4.a commercial and restaurant complex

商業(yè)和餐飲中心 5.holiday resort 度假勝地

6.theme park

主題公園

? ________of the world’s ______________ will______________________.According to the plan, the Disneyland will______________, and include _______, ________________ and__________.? ______________will be able

to_____________，and

experts

suspect

___________________will eventually be _________ around the Disneyland.? That would likely ________ its profit from _____________ , and the remaining _________ from _____________ and ________ ? The park, which is ____________ in______, is set to _______ in__________.The Disneyland should be _______ as _________.It can _______________ of other industries such as _______________.Background knowledge 當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間2011年7月16日，美國白宮方面無視中國政府的強(qiáng)烈反對，孤注一擲，悍然會見了藏獨(dú)分子**喇嘛，嚴(yán)重違反了國際關(guān)系準(zhǔn)則。而早已宣布“退休”的**頂著宗教領(lǐng)袖的頭銜，在政治場合與美國總統(tǒng)會面。

vocabulary ? Chinese Foreign Ministry 中國外交部 ? separatist activities 分裂活動

Tibetan separatist 藏獨(dú)分子 ? abet 煽動，教唆

to abet a crime 教唆犯罪

abettor 唆使者 ? abide by

遵守

abide by its promises

Tibet issue 西藏問題

? cautiously

謹(jǐn)慎地，慎重地

When my ankle is better, I may try to play basketball again, but I'll certainly play more cautiously!? The ______________ has __________ ___________ not to _________ with ____________, who's currently ______________ ? ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ ? ________________ Hong Lei says ___________________ by the Dalai Lama, adding that he ___________________ to ______________ China reiterates that it __________________________________such __________ by the Dalai Lama.? Hong Lei says that China hopes __________________ on the________, while ______ and ______ ____________ relevant situations.Background knowledge 據(jù)新華社電 7月15日上午，國家主席胡錦濤在北京中南海親切會見了一批來自大洋彼岸的特別客人，他們是應(yīng)邀來華訪問的美國芝加哥市佩頓中學(xué)師生。

vocabulary 1.Walter Payton College Preparatory High School 芝加哥沃特佩頓大學(xué)預(yù)備高中

2.take sb.up on sth.[oral] 接受(某人的邀請,挑戰(zhàn)等)3.State visit 國事訪問

postpone the state visit due to civil war a 2-day state visit 4.picture albums 圖畫集,相片集 5.calligraphy brushes 毛筆

Calligraph

書法,字跡/

Calligrapher, calligraphist

書法家

? Cap off sth.=finish, complete sth.? Recite 背誦 ? ? ? ? A tang dynasty poem Song poem Yuan dynasty drama SINO-US relations

___________________ has _______ with ___________________________ at his ___________ in _____________.? In___________, President Hu visited ________________________________ in Chicago during his ____________ to the US.?

? He ___________ the school's _____________ and _____________________ to __________ this summer.?

? The students ___________ on the ______ on Friday, by ______________.President Hu _____________________ and __________ with _________ of the students.? The students ________ the Chinese president with _________ including __________to their school.Hu gave the students

Zhongnanhai

____________ ，_______________and ______________________in________.The students _________________ by ____________________ for President Hu that included ______________________._________the

show，President

Hu

said __________________________________ ? 1.Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies and strong flavors, and is best known for being spicy-hot.? 2.Cantonese cuisine emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitless range of ingredients.? 3.The careful coordination of such a series of delicate activities as selecting ingredients, mixing flavors, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table are the typical characteristics of Chinese food.? 4.Nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation are employed in Chinese cuisine/cooking.? 5.May I propose a toast to the health of His Excellency the Ambassador and Mrs.Smith?

? 1 謝謝史密斯先生的熱情洋溢的歡迎詞，感謝歐中貿(mào)協(xié)的盛情邀請和熱情款待。? 2 我非常高興有機(jī)會出席這次歐中貿(mào)協(xié)合午餐報(bào)告會。? 3 中餐先上冷盤，而西餐則先上湯。

? 4 請?jiān)试S我邀請各位與我一起舉杯，為我們雙方的友誼和合作干杯。? 5 請嘗嘗我的拿手菜。謝謝史密斯先生的熱情洋溢的歡迎詞，感謝歐中貿(mào)協(xié)的盛情邀請和熱情款待。

? 1.I'd like to thank Chairman De Wit for his very warm welcome remarks and my thanks also go to the Europe-China Business Association and the Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council for the kind invitation and warm hospitality.? 2.我非常高興有機(jī)會出席這次歐中貿(mào)協(xié)合午餐報(bào)告會I'm very delighted to have the opportunity to be at this reception jointly hosted by EU-China Business Association and Belgium Chinese Economic and Commercial Council.? 3.中餐先上冷盤，而西餐則先上湯。Chinese dinner offers cold dishes first, but western-style food offers soup first.4.請?jiān)试S我邀請各位與我一起舉杯，為我們雙方的友誼和合作干杯May I ask you to join me in a toast to our friendship and cooperation?

? 魯菜通常較咸，汁色普遍較淺。魯菜注重選料，精于刀工，善于炊技。作為我國北方菜系的代表，魯菜烹飪技術(shù)廣泛用于明清兩代的宮廷菜。川菜選料范圍大，調(diào)味及炊技變化多樣。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，川菜的品種在五千種以上。川菜最大的特點(diǎn)是口味重，以麻辣著稱。Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with a prevalence of light-colored sauces.The dishes feature choice of materials, adept technique in slicing and perfect cooking skills.Shandong cuisine is representative of northern China's cooking and its technique has been widely absorbed by the imperial dishes of the Ming(1368-1644)and Qing(1644-1911)dynasties.Sichuan cuisine features a wide range of materials, various seasonings and different cooking techniques.Statistics show that the number of Sichuan dishes has surpassed 5,000.With a rich variety of strong flavors, Sichuan food is famous for its numerous varieties of delicacies, dominated by peppery and chili flavors and best known for being spicy-hot.// ? 最難歸類的粵菜強(qiáng)調(diào)輕炒淺煮，選料似乎不受限制。粵菜源于明清，在發(fā)展過程中不僅吸收借鑒了中國北方烹調(diào)和西餐烹調(diào)的精華，同時(shí)也保持了自己的傳統(tǒng)特色。揚(yáng)州菜以江蘇省境內(nèi)的揚(yáng)州、南京、蘇州等地的地方菜式為基礎(chǔ)之大成。揚(yáng)州菜注重選料的原汁原味，在菜的裝飾上講究形態(tài)的藝術(shù)性和顏色的鮮艷性，揚(yáng)州菜實(shí)際上糅合了南北菜系之精華。也有人以八個(gè)字來歸納這四大菜系的口味特點(diǎn)，即“南淡北咸，東甜西辣”。Cantonese cuisine, the hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking with seemingly limitless range of ingredients.Cantonese cuisine took shape in the Ming and Qing dynasties.In the process of its development, it has borrowed the culinary essence of northern China and of the Western-style food, while maintaining its traditional local flavor.Yangzhou cuisine bases itself largely on the three local cooking styles of Yangzhou, Nanjing and Suzhou, all within Jiangsu Province.While emphasizing the original flavors of well-chosen materials, it features carefully selected ingredients, also, the artistic shape and bright colors of the dishes and more ornamental value.Yangzhou cuisine is essentially a combination of the best elements of northern and southern cooking.According to some others, the characteristic flavors of China’s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expression: “The light southern(Canton)cuisine, and the salty northern(Shangdong)cuisine;the sweet eastern(Yangzhou)cuisine, and the spicy western(Sichuan)cuisine.”//

? President Gao, Distinguished guests, Our Chinese Friends, Ladies and Gentlemen, ? It is a special honor for me to have a chance to speak on behalf of all the members of our delegation, I would like to express our sincere thanks to president Gao for inviting us, and for all the hard work and thought you have given to the arrangements for our visit.We are also grateful for such a marvelous dinner tonight.I hope that we shall all enjoy the business exchanges and friendly contact in the following days.Every member of our delegations hopes that the rate of trade between the two countries will increase in the future through our mutual efforts.And I think that only by free flow of visitors can trade develop satisfactorily.? I’m very impressed by the hospitality and warmth by which you have received us.You must have had a very busy time making all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging all the preparations.We are especially thankful to you for arranging the meeting and everything that you have done on our account.I hope that Mr.Gao and other Chinese friends will be able to visit our country in the future, so that we will have the chance to be host and return some of your kindness.? Quite apart from business contracts, these meetings will surely help enhance the understanding and friendship between us.Well begun is half done, as we say.I hope this will pave the way for further business relations between our two countries.? In closing, I would like to invite you to join me in a toast.To the trade and friendship between us!To the health of our Chinese friends!Cheers!? 女士們，先生們：

? 我代表本公司向應(yīng)邀前來訪問的美國Star公司代表團(tuán)表示熱烈的歡迎。據(jù)我所知，有關(guān)人士正在為代表團(tuán)安排了一個(gè)全面的參觀計(jì)劃。對此，我無需贅述。

? 我剛剛聽到我們兩家公司已達(dá)成建立合資公司的協(xié)議。這使我們兩家公司的合作大大向前邁進(jìn)了一步。我相信，我們正在加拿大訪問的董事長一定希望我能代表本公司向在座的各位表達(dá)一下，我們得知這個(gè)好消息時(shí)的興奮心情。

? 除了貿(mào)易以外，你們的來訪肯定會加強(qiáng)我們彼此之間的友誼和合作。俗話說，“良好的開端是成功的一半”。我深信，你們的這次訪問將會帶來更多的交流和合作。

? 最后請各位舉杯，為我們的合作和友誼，為在座的各位健康干杯！

第二篇：口譯詞匯

口譯詞匯

Health and Diseases 衛(wèi)生機(jī)構(gòu)

世界衛(wèi)生組織 World Health Organization 衛(wèi)生部 Ministry of health 綜合醫(yī)院 general hospital 專科醫(yī)院 specialized hospital 兒童醫(yī)院 children’s hospital 產(chǎn)科醫(yī)院 maternity hospital 整形外科醫(yī)院 plastic surgery hospital 精神醫(yī)院mental hospital 腫瘤醫(yī)院 tumor hospital 診所 clinic

醫(yī)院科室

內(nèi)科(internal)medical department 外科 surgical department 婦產(chǎn)科 department of gynecology and obstetrics 小兒科 pediatrics department 急診室 emergency room 掛號處 registration office 住院處admissions office 門診部 out-patient department/ OPD 住院部in-patient department 護(hù)理部 nursing department 手術(shù)室 operation room 病房ward 藥房 pharmacy

醫(yī)務(wù)人員

院長 director of the hospital 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 physician 內(nèi)科主任 head of physician 外科醫(yī)生 surgeon 外科主任 head of surgeon 住院醫(yī)生 resident doctor 主治醫(yī)生 attending doctor 產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生 obstetrician 小兒科醫(yī)生 pediatrician 護(hù)士長 head nurse 實(shí)習(xí)醫(yī)生 intern 救死扶傷 save the dying people and rescue the wounded

疾病

先天性疾病 congenital disease 急性病 acute disease 慢性病 chronic disease 流行病 epidemic disease 職業(yè)病 occupational disease 傳染病 contagious disease 過敏 allergy

小兒麻痹癥 polio 闌尾炎 appendicitis 霍亂 cholera 癌癥 cancer 糖尿病 diabetes

高血壓 high-blood pressure 肥胖癥 obesity

支氣管炎 bronchitis 哮喘 asthma 關(guān)節(jié)炎 arthritis

非典型性肺炎 SARS severe acute respiratory syndrome 流感 influenza

甲型流感 A Influenza 禽流感 bird flu

瘋牛病 mad-cow disease

口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease

手足口病 had-foot-and-mouth disease 塵肺病 black lung disease 狂犬病 rabies 水痘 chickenpox 天花 smallpox 瘧疾 malaria

艾滋病 AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome

治療方法

西醫(yī) western medicine 量體溫 take temperature 量血壓 take blood pressure 驗(yàn)血 test blood 血型 blood type 胸透 chest X-ray

全身檢查 general check-up 藥房 prescription

開藥 give sb.a prescription 口服 oral administration

外用 external use 中醫(yī)Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)/ alternative 計(jì)劃生育 family planning

提倡優(yōu)生優(yōu)育,鼓勵(lì)晚婚晚育 advocate healthy pregnancy medicine 針灸 acupuncture and moxibustion 草藥 herbal medicine 拔火罐 cupping 推拿 massage 氣功療法 traditional Chinese breathing exercises 中西醫(yī)結(jié)合 a combination of Chinese and western medicine 保健

保健食品 health food/health-care food 藥酒 medical wine/liquor 人參 ginseng 蜂王漿 royal jelly 疫苗 vaccine 鮮血 donate blood 個(gè)人衛(wèi)生 personal hygiene 免疫力 immunity 治愈率 cure rate 發(fā)病率 incidence of a disease 預(yù)防為主 put prevention first

Population and family planning 常住人口 permanent population 流動人口 floating population

盲流 the unemployed migrant people 勞動力 labor force 外來工 migrant worker 臨時(shí)工 seasonal worker 人口普查 census

人口基數(shù) population base 人口稠密 densely populated 人口稀少 sparsely populated 人口爆炸 population explosion 人口過剩 overpopulation 出生率 birth rate 死亡率 mortality rate

自然增長率 natural growth rate 人口老化 aging of population 合法婚齡 legal age for marriage 結(jié)婚高峰 marriage boom 生育高峰 baby boom period

and scientific nurture, and encourage late marriage and postponed child-bearing

破除重男輕女習(xí)俗 change attitude of viewing sons as better than daughters

多子多福 the more sons, the more blessings 男尊女卑 Man is superior to woman 傳宗接代 carry on the family line

養(yǎng)兒防老 bring up sons to support parents in their old age 避孕 contraception

避孕用品 contraceptives 人工流產(chǎn) abortion 節(jié)育 birth control 產(chǎn)婦 lying-in women

婚前檢查 premarriage health checkings 孕產(chǎn)婦死亡率 maternal mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率 infant mortality rate

節(jié)育率（避孕率）contraceptive prevalence rate 總和生育率 total fertility rate(tfr)平均預(yù)期壽命 life expectancy at birth

每年人口增加數(shù) annual increment of the population 人口基數(shù)大 large population base

平均年增長數(shù) average annual increase 平均年增長率 average annual growth rate 城市化 urbanization

人口流動 movement of population 流動人口 floating population

人口老齡化 the aging of population 更替水平population replacement level 社會保障體系 social security system

農(nóng)村剩余勞力的轉(zhuǎn)移 the transfer of rural surplus labors 正規(guī)的學(xué)校教育 formal school education

到去年年末，中國人口已達(dá)到11億8千5百萬，比上一年凈增長1346萬。By the end of last year, the Chinese population had reached 1,185 million, a net increase of 13.34 million from a year ago.計(jì)劃生育政策符合中國國情，符合整個(gè)國家的利益。The family control policy suits China’s basic conditions and serves the interests of the whole nation.sixth nationwide population census 第六次全國人口普查 door-to-door interviews/door-to-door household survey 入戶摸底調(diào)查

census enumerators 人口普查員 confidentiality agreements 保密協(xié)議

Beijing permanent residency/hukou 北京市常住戶口 household register 戶口登記簿 temporary residence permit 暫住證

local permanent residence permit 長期居住證 mobile population流動人口 aging of population 人口老齡化 demographic dividend 人口紅利

rural left-behind population 農(nóng)村留守人口 urban population 城鎮(zhèn)人口 rural population 農(nóng)村人口

functional population zones人口功能區(qū) birth rate/natality rate 出生率 births 出生人數(shù) birth peaks 出生高峰 mortality rate 死亡率

general mortality rate 總死亡率 infant mortality rate 嬰兒死亡率

sex-age-specific death rate 分性別年齡死亡率 mean age at death平均死亡年齡 average length of life平均壽命 natural growth 人口自然增長

NPG(negative population growth)人口負(fù)增長 ZPG(zero population growth)人口零增長 annual growth rate 年增長率

average annual rate of growth平均年增長率 vital index 出生死亡比例 vital statistics 人口統(tǒng)計(jì)

age-sex composition 年齡性別組成 age structure 年齡結(jié)構(gòu) age group 年齡組

expectation of life平均預(yù)期壽命

rejuvenation of population 人口年輕化 sex ratio 性比率

sampling survey 抽樣調(diào)查 random sampling 隨機(jī)抽樣 questionaire 調(diào)查表 place of birth 出生地 date of birth 出生日期 sampling error 抽樣誤差 migration 遷居

emigration 遷出、移居國外 immigration 遷入、移居入境 migrant 移民

internal migration 國內(nèi)遷移 migration rate 遷移率

Education and Talents

School Personal and organs

小學(xué)一、二年級學(xué)生 a primary school student in Grade One/ a second-grade pupil

中學(xué)初

一、高三學(xué)生 a(secondary school)student in Junior One/ Senior Three

一年級大學(xué)生 freshman 二年級大學(xué)生 sophomore 三年級大學(xué)生 junior student 四年級大學(xué)生 senior student

研究生 a graduate student/ a postgraduate student 向某人授予學(xué)位 confer a degree on sb.走讀生 a day student/ a non-resident student 應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生 graduating student 學(xué)生會 the students’ union

班主任 the teacher in charge of the class/ the Head Teacher of the class

訪問學(xué)者 a visiting scholar 碩士生導(dǎo)師 tutor

博士生導(dǎo)師 supervisor/ adviser 院士 academician

兩院院士 academician of Chinese Academy of Science and Chinese Academy of Engineering

School activities

教書育人 impart knowledge and educate people

學(xué)生交付 alleviate/ lighten the burden of the students 教學(xué)大綱 the reaching program/ syllabus 批改學(xué)生的卷子 to correct students’ papers 期中考試 the mid-term exam

我們語法測試了 We took a test in/ on grammar.口試、筆試 oral exam/ written exam 給考卷打分 to mark the papers

他正忙于畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、寫論文 He is busy with his graduation project/ paper

文憑、畢業(yè)證書 a diploma/ a graduation certificate 學(xué)生證 the student’s identity card 補(bǔ)考 make-up exam

學(xué)校紀(jì)律 school discipline

獎狀、獎勵(lì)證書 a certificate merit 他曠了一節(jié)課 He cut a class.他逃學(xué) He cut school.他被學(xué)校開除了 He was expelled from school.他擅自曠課 He was absent from school without leave.給他一個(gè)警告處分 give him a disciplinary warning 學(xué)費(fèi)，書費(fèi) tuition/ money spent on books

Schools, universities and subjects 托兒所 a nursery 幼兒園 a kindergarten 北大附中 Middle School attached/ affiliated to Peking University 大專 a junior college 高等院校 institutions of higher education/ higher learning 重點(diǎn)、非重點(diǎn)大學(xué) a key/ a non-key university 成人夜校 a night school/ an evening school for adults 函授學(xué)校 a correspondence school 遠(yuǎn)程教育 distance education/learning 專升本 upgrade from associate degree to bachelor’s degree 中等專業(yè)學(xué)校 a secondary specialized school 技工學(xué)校 a technical school 職業(yè)學(xué)校 a vocational school 普及初等、中等教育 achieve universal primary/ secondary education 義務(wù)教育 compulsory school 聾啞學(xué)校 a school for deaf-mutes 幼兒師范學(xué)校 a school for kindergarten teachers 護(hù)士學(xué)校 a nursing school 舞蹈學(xué)校 a dancing school 戲劇學(xué)校 a drama school 文科大學(xué) universities of liberal arts 理工科大學(xué) universities of science and engineering 必修課 compulsory class 選修課 optional/ elective class 招生簡章 prospectus/ enrolment catalogue 準(zhǔn)考證 exam admission card

Hot issues in educations 普及九年制義務(wù)教育 make the nine-year compulsory education universal 民辦學(xué)校 schools run by non-governmental sectors 自學(xué)考試 examination for self-taught students 學(xué)分制 credit system 應(yīng)試教育 exam-oriented education

素質(zhì)教育 quality-oriented education 實(shí)踐能力 practical ability

大學(xué)生創(chuàng)業(yè) university students start up their own business 自費(fèi)留學(xué) self-funded study abroad

海外留學(xué)人員 Chinese students and scholars studying abroad

托福熱降溫了 the TOEFL fever has cooled down.考研 take part in the entrance examination for graduate/ postgraduate schools

考研熱 craze for graduate school

大專生 a junior college student;associate-degree student 在職博士生 an on-the-job doctorate

碩博連讀 a continuous academic project involves postgraduate and doctoral study

同等學(xué)力 have the same educational level 雙學(xué)位 double degree

特困生 the most needy student

擔(dān)任系學(xué)生會干部 serve as an official of the departmental school union

擔(dān)任校學(xué)生會宣傳部部長 be the Head of the Publicity Department of the university’s student union

通過大學(xué)英語四級考試 pass the College English Test Band 4

獲六級證書 obtain a certificate of CET-6

被評為“三好學(xué)生” be cited as “three-good student” 獲三等獎學(xué)金 be awarded the third-class scholarship 召開家長會 to hold a parent-teacher meeting

雙向選擇 two-way selection(with employers and graduating students choosing each other in a job market)

世界觀，人生觀，價(jià)值觀 world outlook/ outlook on life/ outlook on values

陶冶情操 cultivate taste and temperament

因材施教 teach students according to their aptitude 知識經(jīng)濟(jì) knowledge economy 知識密集 knowledge intensive 偽科學(xué) pseudo-science

招生就業(yè)指導(dǎo)辦公室 enrollment and vocation guidance office

人才流失 brain drain

人才交流 talents exchange 職業(yè)培訓(xùn) job training

211工程 211 Project for higher education

科教興國 rejuvenate China through science and education 復(fù)合型人才 inter-disciplinary talent 勤工助學(xué) work-study 師資力量 the quality of teaching staff 品學(xué)兼優(yōu) excellent in character and learning

經(jīng)濟(jì)類

1.出租車起步價(jià) flag down fare 2.法定準(zhǔn)備金率 required reserve ratio 3.實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì) real economy 虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì) fictitious economy 4.反盜版 anti-piracy

知識產(chǎn)權(quán) intellectual property rights 5.出口退稅 tax rebates

人民幣升值 the yuan’s appreciation 6.信貸緊縮 credit crunch

次貸危機(jī) subprime mortgage rate 最優(yōu)惠貸款利率 prime rate 7.經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房 economically affordable house 8.安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents 9 住房保障制度 housing security system 10.大宗交易系統(tǒng) block trading system 競價(jià)交易系統(tǒng) bid trading system 11.暴利稅 windfall tax 12.從緊的貨幣政策 tight monetary policy 13.寬松的貨幣政策 easy monetary policy 14.審慎的財(cái)政政策 prudent fiscal policy 15.油價(jià)飆升 oil prices surge 16.原油價(jià)飆升 crude oil prices surge 17.石油輸出國組織 organization of the petroleum exporting countries(OPEC)18.原油儲備 crude oil stockpiles 19.輕質(zhì)原油 light sweet crude 20.使人均GDP翻兩番 to quadruple per capita GDP 21.股權(quán)收購、股權(quán)投資 stake purchase;take stakes 22.房屋中介 letting agent 保險(xiǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 insurance agent 地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人 estate agent 23.直銷 direct selling 傳銷 pyramid selling 24.吃回扣 to take/receive/get kickback 25.洗錢 money laundering 26.透支 overdraft 27.股市牛年 bullish year 28.上市子公司 listed subsidiary

29.海關(guān)稅收 customs revenue 30.稅收減免 tax break 31.貨幣升值 revaluation

32.貨幣經(jīng)紀(jì)人 money broker 33.起征點(diǎn) cutoff point 34.暴發(fā)戶；新貴 upstart

35.養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn) endowment insurance 36.解雇金 severance pay 37.勾銷債款 write off 38.職員總數(shù) headcount 39.逃稅 tax evasion

40.公開募款 initial public offering

41.戰(zhàn)略石油儲備 strategic petroleum reserve 42.基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn) benchmark 43.出口補(bǔ)貼 export subsidy 44.反托拉斯 anti—trust

45.資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表 balance sheet 46.貨存，庫存量 inventory 47.反傾銷 antidumping

48.不足，赤字，差額 shortfall

49.美國聯(lián)邦儲備系統(tǒng) Federal Reserve 50.資本凈值 net worth

香爐 incense burner 八仙桌 square table

王母娘娘 the Queen of Heaven 銀河 the Milky Way

因公殉職 perish in the line of duty 藥檢；興奮劑檢查 doping test 壓力鍋 pressure cooker

終點(diǎn)裁判員 finishing [placing] judge 救生衣 life vest

泄洪 release flood waters 代理市長 acting mayor 槍支管控 gun control 擱淺 run aground 馬賽克 digital mosaic

第三篇：口譯學(xué)習(xí)心得

學(xué)習(xí)口譯的小結(jié)

學(xué)習(xí)口譯課程的收獲：

口譯課程對于我們是一個(gè)全新的挑戰(zhàn)，初接觸時(shí)覺得過程甚是艱難。經(jīng)過一個(gè)學(xué)期的學(xué)習(xí)與磨合，我在聽譯方面能的能力有了些提高，雖然事實(shí)上還只是知道了些皮毛而已。

從口譯的基本理論知識上，明白了什么是口譯、口譯的特點(diǎn)、口譯的類型等等；從課堂上的練習(xí)上，聽辨信息能力、辨音能力也得到了提高；從老師教授的學(xué)習(xí)方法上，明白了如何進(jìn)行口譯記憶與記錄口譯筆記等。所授所學(xué)十分的豐富，可實(shí)際的接受能力又是因人而異的。

個(gè)人在口譯學(xué)習(xí)上的問題：

首要的問題是聽力，這是我的弱項(xiàng)之一。課堂一直都在訓(xùn)練，畢竟時(shí)間有限。知道這只能是個(gè)人的問題。老師也只能耳提面命，要加強(qiáng)這方面的訓(xùn)練呀。因此也常常覺得對老師有種愧疚感。

第二，記憶方面。聽的時(shí)候，腦子要記，筆頭也要記。對于手腦平衡思維不夠的，還真是個(gè)大麻煩。

第三，則是翻譯。在聽的時(shí)候，所有接受到的信息，需要在短時(shí)間安內(nèi)經(jīng)過邏輯思維，以清晰的語言組織出來。這需要有較好的母語表達(dá)能力以及廣博的知識。總而言之，這是個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程。口譯對口譯工作者的要求很高。扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)、較強(qiáng)的記憶力、較好的表達(dá)能力、良好的心理素質(zhì)等都是口譯員應(yīng)該具備的素質(zhì)。

建議；

一、避免制造緊張的氛圍，因?yàn)闀?dǎo)致同學(xué)們的思維混亂，口齒不清。也需要提高同學(xué)們的心理素質(zhì)。

二、可以設(shè)置口譯模擬。讓同學(xué)們互相合作。在犯錯(cuò)誤的過程中，我們會學(xué)會思考，進(jìn)而容易接受。

作為個(gè)人，也許將來我不是從事口譯員的工作，我相信今天所學(xué)的知識在潛移默化中對我是很有助益的。在今后，我會加強(qiáng)對自身的管理，為將來的可能口譯機(jī)會做準(zhǔn)備。

謝謝老師！

第四篇：口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

各位大家好

我就是jacky，那個(gè)帖子《我如何用一年考上歐盟口譯司》一文的作者。我一直都想把這種系統(tǒng)的方法能夠通過一個(gè)很好的方式傳遞給其他人，讓更多的人找到夢想，發(fā)現(xiàn)真諦。所以，我和朋友們一起集中智慧，起草了下面的這個(gè)操作的原則和程序，算作是一次大型的免費(fèi)口譯培訓(xùn)，希望你能夠看懂，如果有什么問 題，可以回帖，如果沒有，就可以直接開始了，一共六個(gè)月的進(jìn)程，如果你能嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行下來，考上二級口譯應(yīng)該沒問題 1 分為6個(gè)不同的階段，也就是6個(gè)月，到什么階段，達(dá)到什么程度 2 在論壇上法帖，監(jiān)督自己學(xué)習(xí)，也接受別人的監(jiān)督，3 完成了一個(gè)階段，給負(fù)責(zé)人發(fā)郵件，才可以收到下一階段的學(xué)習(xí)指示，所以大家必須要學(xué)習(xí)后在論壇上發(fā)帖，證明你每天都在學(xué)習(xí)，我們的方法，只能提供給真正熱愛的朋友。4 辦一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)口譯員解答專欄。稍候我們會開通這個(gè)服務(wù) 7 有關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)的具體進(jìn)程：

第一個(gè)月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽 2h 基本上聽新聞同類話題可以大致理解

第二個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約50-60%，語言能力得到增長，語音有所轉(zhuǎn)變

第三個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約70-80%，基本上達(dá)到語言的運(yùn)用有了一定積累，新聞聽力一次準(zhǔn)確理解大約80-90%，語言運(yùn)用比較正規(guī)，能夠用新聞和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語言來表述一些復(fù)雜論點(diǎn)，開始筆記練習(xí)

第五個(gè)月:（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽力進(jìn)入快速階段，越來越好。語言能力繼續(xù)提升，筆記基本上能夠紀(jì)錄短時(shí)間的文章

第六個(gè)月：（該月學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃將在前一個(gè)計(jì)劃結(jié)束后給你）新聞聽力達(dá)到接近2倍速，語言運(yùn)用比較完整，筆記基本上能夠應(yīng)付一般場合可以參加二級口譯考試，并且通過（嚴(yán)格按照所說的程序的情況下）。其中1h，2h，均指一個(gè)小時(shí)，或者兩個(gè)小時(shí)，也就是每次學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間長度，每天的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容是一定的，但是具體什么時(shí)候，這個(gè)可以自由安排

請大家注意，如果你真地想要緊緊依靠在線學(xué)習(xí)成功的話，請務(wù)必按照我們的步驟來做，這些都是我實(shí)踐之后得出的一些規(guī)律，希望大家不要倒行逆施。你每天都必須要寫每一個(gè)涉及學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的心得，否則的話，我們認(rèn)為你沒有在學(xué)習(xí)。

各個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)課程的具體程序，以下程序都可在電腦上完成，并且建議使用其中提到的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格，所以最好能夠有個(gè)便攜式電腦：

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)表格下載：

每日精聽具體程序,時(shí)間120：

一）下載新聞資料（包括文本和音頻）

如果你沒有問題了，就可以開始踏上自己孤獨(dú)的征服口譯的歷程了！！

進(jìn)入第一個(gè)階段：

第一個(gè)月: 模仿新聞1h + 新聞精聽 2h + 實(shí)用英語口譯教程 1h篇二：口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法 if youre just beginning to explore interpretation as a career choice, the first thing you need to know is that with simultaneous interpretation, youre multitasking like crazy.you listen to what the speaker says, wait a second or two, interpret what they said while at the same time listen to what the speaker says next and remember that so you can interpret that segment correctly when youre done with the current one your working on!thats why a simultaneous interpreter needs at least a 5 minute break for every hour of interpretation.so in order to improve your skills, you need to be able to multitask on a high level.the very first step then is to do something called shadowing.shadowing is repeating what the speaker says word for word in the same language.this will get you used to maintaining the correct delay and will help you listen to what the speaker says while repeating what he/she has just said.the next step is to add another element while your shadowing.this can be something simple like bouncing a ball to yourself or drawing a simple picture while youre shadowing.what this does is get your brain used to doing multiple things at once.the goal is to get to where youre doing things on a subconscious level because if you have to think while you interpret, youll be dead in the water.finally, when you can do multiple things while shadowing(in both languages), its time to add in the actual interpretation.it is a jump to go from shadowing to full-fledged interpretation, but the shadowing part is necessary to help you get a feel for the super-linguistic phenomenon youll encounter in the actual interpretation, such as the speed of different speakers, how much you can delay, and endurance.the great thing about practicing simultaneous interpretation is that you can do it anywhere.while youre driving, tune your radio to talk radio and shadow what the host and callers say.while exercising with your ipod, listen to some podcasts and practice shadowing or interpreting what is being said.shadowing while exercising is definitely multitasking!just remember that even though interpretation is difficult, it is a skill that can be learned after a lot of practice, so if youre willing to stick to it, you will reach your goals.as part of our degree training, we did a couple of interpreter training exercises to get a feel for what it was like to interpret.when we did our training, we would go into a small room, listen to a speech played back on a cassette tape, and use that tape to do whatever exercise we were supposed to do that day, whether it was shadowing, or interpreting(or in my case, a sad, sad excuse for interpreting).the one thing about the tapes, though, was that they were cumbersome.it was hard finding the right spot, you couldnt easily go back and go over a spot you wanted to try again, and it was difficult if you wanted to record yourself trying to interpret because that meant you had to deal with two tapes.well, luckily, the internet(and technology in general)has given interpreters some more convenient tools for simultaneous interpreter training.now you dont have to go to a separate room somewhere and use specialized equipment to at least find out if interpreting is something that you like to do or get more advanced training in.as you can see in the video below, the nearly 9 minute-long press conference is entirely in spanish.簡歷：外交部翻譯室

為美國總統(tǒng)奧巴馬及米歇爾、副總統(tǒng)丹奎爾/馬來西亞總理納吉/新加坡總理/英國王子/成思危/曾培炎/數(shù)十位中外部長大使/薩馬蘭奇/羅格/朗朗/以及芮成鋼、王小丫等主持的大型活動做過同傳；曾為北京奧組委近30場新聞發(fā)布會做同傳；擔(dān)任廣州2010年亞運(yùn)會50多場決賽賽后新聞發(fā)布會口譯（與日英、韓英、俄英、阿英譯員進(jìn)行接力交傳）。(我對這兩個(gè)問題的理解。特貼于此，希望對學(xué)習(xí)口譯的朋友有所幫助。問1.一篇材料應(yīng)該練到什么程度才算是過關(guān)？

學(xué)生：我比較傾向于細(xì)化。常常巴不得把一篇材料中涉及的所有背景知識弄明白，把所有的詞匯都列出來，甚至還會對比較難的文章進(jìn)行翻譯，覺得只有這樣做才會心安。但這樣一來，進(jìn)度就會非常慢。而且一篇翻譯過的文章應(yīng)該就不再適合同傳練習(xí)了，因?yàn)槲乙呀?jīng)知道講者的內(nèi)容，沒有新鮮感了。有人認(rèn)為可先同傳一遍，聽自己的錄音，然后再對文本進(jìn)行交傳。但是有時(shí)吃得太透不被鼓勵(lì)。我現(xiàn)在的搭檔非常非常刻苦，這對我來說是一件求之不得的事情，但是這位同學(xué)似乎更注重于練習(xí)時(shí)間的長度與材料的篇數(shù)，而對準(zhǔn)確度要求不太高。在這個(gè)程度的把握上，我有些不知所措。

湯的理解： 1.沒有任何一點(diǎn)疑問了才算過關(guān)，也就是100%吃透。這樣要求看似不合理，實(shí)際是必須的，盡管有難度。試想：真正的口譯現(xiàn)場千變?nèi)f化的、無法預(yù)測講話具體內(nèi)容和討論邊界，各種知識永遠(yuǎn)不夠用。是不是？所以平時(shí)練習(xí)應(yīng)該做到都搞透，自己上網(wǎng)、搭檔互助、請教老師（注意：知識面的東西，像海洋，往往老師也不能當(dāng)面給你答案，所以要在實(shí)在無法獲得答案的情況下再請教老師，并給老師解答的時(shí)間，比如給其發(fā)郵件，老師解決問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，他或她也可以請教其同事好友，或查閱相關(guān)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或資料，最終也許能給你解答。總之不篇三：中級口譯相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)方法

中級口譯考試筆試題型分值一欄 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2006年8月21日

中級口譯考試筆試項(xiàng)目一覽表（及格分：150）卷別 序號 題號 1-20 1 第一 階段 1-7 c: listening translation 主觀聽譯 7 30 12 項(xiàng)目名稱 聽力 a：spot dictation 題型 忠實(shí)填空

題數(shù) 計(jì)分 20 30 比重 % 36 12 40 時(shí)間(分鐘)2 3 4 合計(jì)

英譯漢 漢譯英

單選 主觀翻譯 主觀翻譯 30 1 1 89 60 50 50 250 24 20 20 100 50 30 30 150 中級口譯考試口試項(xiàng)目一覽表（主觀判斷及格分）

卷別 序號 題號 第二 階段 1 2 1 1-16 項(xiàng)目名稱 口語 口譯

題型 主觀 主觀

題數(shù) 1 16 考試時(shí)間（分鐘）

:1.下個(gè)月上旬也就是2009年3月14日，我要參加上海市中級口譯筆試部份的考試。聽力我想問題不大，現(xiàn)在我也在聽寫“中口”的聽力資料。閱讀有些問題，我明顯感到時(shí)間不夠而且看得有些一知半解，錯(cuò)誤率挺高。它的要求是在五十分鐘內(nèi)讀6篇文章，平均下來一篇也就留給考生8分鐘左右的時(shí)間，而且篇幅很長詞匯量也挺多的。

雖然special english的文章很簡單沒什么難度，但平時(shí)我也會買一份shanghai daily 看看，里面的文章也挺好理解的。可為什么“中口”里的文章看得卻令人發(fā)暈，或許是里面存在著許多“因、轉(zhuǎn)、并、比”的邏輯關(guān)系。在您的講座中強(qiáng)調(diào)閱讀也要一字一字“摳”，力求字字懂，句句懂。可考試只有五十分鐘，時(shí)間不允許啊！另外新東方教口譯的老師推薦的一種方法是：選重點(diǎn)的讀。也就是跳過“分詞在句首的句子、引語、插入語、例子?..”，只讀專家的話，轉(zhuǎn)折強(qiáng)調(diào)詞以后的句子?..。對此我就比較困惑了，閱讀到底該怎么“讀”，您能否幫我指點(diǎn)一下。2.“中口”考試中漢譯英的考題都是些政治性很強(qiáng)的文章，如：“我國首次月球探測工程的成功，實(shí)現(xiàn)了中華民族的千年奔月夢想，并開始了中國人走向深空探索宇宙奧秘的時(shí)代，標(biāo)志著我國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入世界具有探測能力的國家行列。這是我國推進(jìn)自主創(chuàng)新、建設(shè)創(chuàng)新型國家取得的又一標(biāo)志性成果，是中華民族在攀登世界科技高峰征程上實(shí)現(xiàn)的又一歷史性跨越，是中華民族為人類和平并發(fā)利用外層空間作出的又一重大貢獻(xiàn)。全體中華兒女都為我們偉大祖國取得的這一輝煌成就感到驕傲和自豪！”我現(xiàn)在的水平只能背一背special english里的文章，讓我翻上述這段文字確實(shí)有些困難。怎么辦呢？我該如何準(zhǔn)備？（提問者：應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)友，提問時(shí)間:2009年03月30日）

答: 長篇巨制的問題，問得好不辛苦！呵呵 做閱讀是很泛泛的了，建立在一定英語水平上才談得上“技巧”，首先，從應(yīng)試的角度，不需要也不可能看通每篇文章。時(shí)間有限，先看題目，然后略讀全文，把握主旨，然后到文中找關(guān)鍵字，重點(diǎn)讀和問題相關(guān)的句子，其他的只好掃一眼過去了。如果像你分析的那樣“精讀”，恐怕15分鐘也搞不定。至于翻譯，更是與語言基礎(chǔ)相關(guān)，中級口譯，翻譯并不難的，所以你記住，表達(dá)出意思，基本分就有了。政治類經(jīng)濟(jì)類的也不難，你會背書，為什么不看翻譯書，那本書上盡是這些與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，開拓創(chuàng)新之類的套話，背出來，問題就解決了。中級口譯不會讓你翻譯類似文言文的，最重要的意

思表達(dá)出來，要想翻譯得高分，比聽力閱讀難得多了。長難句如果翻譯有困難，把它拆開，平時(shí)要留心英語中老長的句子，多加分析，很快自己就會翻譯的。好吧，加油吧。祝你好運(yùn)

推薦：

重點(diǎn)閱讀editorial和feature這種文體，文體特點(diǎn)：實(shí)效性、爭議性

雜志national geographic 電子光盤discovery 看盤的方法：聽原聲看英文字幕 口試有一定難度，首先你要加強(qiáng)自己的口語和聽力能力，這點(diǎn)是硬的，誰都沒辦法給你提供捷徑。

然后，你要會速記。因?yàn)橐魩俣群芸欤恍╆P(guān)鍵性的詞語很容易漏掉而因此失分，很不值。這里有一點(diǎn)很重要，你要學(xué)會提煉關(guān)鍵詞，把沒用的句子剔除。不然時(shí)間會來不及的。最后，就是口譯詞匯的背誦了，因?yàn)楹统Ｓ迷~匯不同，比較官方。所以，一定要事先有一定的詞匯量，這樣才不怕聽不懂，說不出。

我就是這么學(xué)口譯的，至于有什么書么。一個(gè)是 梅德明教授的教材是最關(guān)鍵的，還有昂立的中口必備是不錯(cuò)的參考書，建議你去買一本看看。希望我的回答能給你的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助！！

多練,聽原版英語,做真題.第一，去學(xué)一點(diǎn)簡單的速記 第二，多聽多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語水平，比如多看英文報(bào)紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報(bào)紙

把那本口譯書背出來，我就是這么過的。

其它回答(3)多練,聽原版英語,做真題.第一，去學(xué)一點(diǎn)簡單的速記 第二，多聽多翻多練。

第三，全方面提高自己的英語水平，比如多看英文報(bào)紙，原版碟等等。推薦：shanghai star，輕松有趣的一份報(bào)紙

把那本口譯書背出來，我就是這么過的。

準(zhǔn)備四本教材《中級口語教程》，《中級翻譯教程》，《中級口譯教程》，《中級聽力教程》，將上面所有的詞匯全都背上，課文最好也能背上，考試前2個(gè)月寫真題，中級挺好過的，祝你考個(gè)好成績！

筆譯部分的話，將需要買的那幾本書看一看，其中聽力要多練練，特別是聽譯句子和段落，翻譯那本書比較不錯(cuò)，要精讀，如果你底子還不錯(cuò)的話，估計(jì)就差不多了，口譯要等筆試過了才報(bào)名，到時(shí)候在準(zhǔn)備吧！加油，好運(yùn)！

中級口譯口試該如何準(zhǔn)備？

本文作者：汪亮 悄無聲息間，上海中高級口譯考試迎來了第十二個(gè)年頭，而這十二年也見證了口譯考試從最初的不為人所知，到普遍接受，再到如今 ” 滿城盡報(bào)中高口 ” 熱潮的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴。從歷年中級口譯第二部分的考試情況來看，難度逐年加大。這種難度不僅僅反映在單詞，句型的復(fù)雜程度，而且反映在句子的長度上。此外，考試中對于考生需要掌握的背景知識的深度也是 2000 年之前難以想象的。下面，筆者就結(jié)合在上海新東方中級口譯班上的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，針對如何備考 2007 年口譯第二階段口試給廣大考生提一些建議，希望能夠?qū)Υ蠹矣兴鶐椭５诙A段口試共分兩部分。一是三分鐘的英語命題口語，二是四段口譯：二段英譯中、二段中譯英。第一部分，即三分鐘口語，要求考生用英文表達(dá)自己對于所給題目的觀點(diǎn)，要求觀點(diǎn)清晰，論據(jù)充足，表達(dá)流利，語法正確。從考試的普遍情況來看，說不滿三分鐘是很多考生最終失敗的主要原因。其根源就在于考生平時(shí)忽視了對于這個(gè)部分的練習(xí)，總以為考前背幾個(gè)主題方面的句子或者段落就可以解決問題。其實(shí)不然。因?yàn)榭谡Z的內(nèi)容五花八門，包羅萬象，不是簡簡單單背幾個(gè)段落就可以的。這需要考生平時(shí)長期系統(tǒng)的口語練習(xí)。

筆者拙見，考生首先應(yīng)擴(kuò)充自己的知識面，盡量能夠多閱讀報(bào)刊，雜志，多聽多看新聞，把握住最新的時(shí)事動態(tài)。原因很明顯，第二部分口試對于時(shí)事的考核是非常多的，很多考生其實(shí)有不錯(cuò)的詞匯量和口語表達(dá)能力，但是由于對某個(gè)主題，尤其是自己平時(shí)不太熟悉的主題缺乏了解，導(dǎo)致在考試中出現(xiàn)無話可說的窘境，而其結(jié)果只能是和兩位考官“相顧無言，惟有淚千行。”與其考前臨時(shí)抱佛腳，不如平時(shí)苦煉內(nèi)功。考生可以每天準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)主題，按照論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)，論證，結(jié)論的步驟來進(jìn)行闡述，盡量控制在三分鐘以內(nèi)。一般來說，一個(gè)月之內(nèi)，就會得到初步的效果。實(shí)際上，在考試中，只要考生能夠流利的用英語對一個(gè)主題表達(dá)一分到一分二十秒鐘的時(shí)間就已經(jīng)足夠了。篇四：初級口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

初級口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法 佳域通翻譯公司提供

毋庸置疑，學(xué)好英語是非常有重要的，而能夠說英語才是最終目的，譯網(wǎng)天下總結(jié)了一下初級口譯的學(xué)習(xí)方法，給初級口譯學(xué)員提供一點(diǎn)參考。

第一、模擬

模擬是最好的提供口語能力的方法之一，通過多模擬電影、電視或以英語為母語的人的語音和語調(diào)來提高自己的口語能力。

第二、朗讀

要想提高口語能力，一定要大聲的把英文讀出來，而且要帶有意識的去模擬母語朗讀也可以說是第二模擬，所以也需要有意識地以磁帶里的語音、語調(diào)去朗讀。在朗讀時(shí)，可以把自己的聲音錄下來，認(rèn)真聽一聽，并進(jìn)行比較，找出差距，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的弱點(diǎn)。

第三、復(fù)述

復(fù)述是在模擬、朗讀之后的一個(gè)再創(chuàng)作的過程，它比背誦要難。可以盡量用自己的話復(fù)述朗讀、聽過的或閱讀過的，也可以完全擺脫原文，組織、創(chuàng)作材料內(nèi)容。對于程度較差的人，可以先復(fù)述原文的中心思想，一句、兩句話即可。然后，由少至多。復(fù)述是在沒有人對話的情況下提高口語最有效的途徑之一。

第四、背誦

練習(xí)口語不免背誦一些東西，但很多人不喜歡背誦。不過，背誦一些名篇偶是非常有必要的.基礎(chǔ)較差的人一定要背誦一些常用的句型和表達(dá)方式。

第五，堅(jiān)持用英語寫日記。用英語寫日記無論是對提高口語還是提高英語其他方面的能力都是一個(gè)行之有效的好方法

毋庸置疑，學(xué)好英語是非常有重要的，而能夠說英語才是最終目的，譯網(wǎng)天下總結(jié)了一下初級口譯的學(xué)習(xí)方法，給初級口譯學(xué)員提供一點(diǎn)參考。篇五：無敵英語口譯學(xué)習(xí)方法

用一年時(shí)間從六級水平到考上歐盟口譯司！gre詞匯竟然六小時(shí)背一遍！un 和美國白宮會議變成2倍速度做泛聽 基本一次聽懂！發(fā)現(xiàn)2.5倍速是人聽力速度反彈極限 目前在練習(xí)！我們還有多少借口繼續(xù)墮落呢？？？ 來源： 曹圣瞾的日志

請大家別再留言了 別再加我好友了 太多網(wǎng)友我就看不到自己朋友的新鮮事了！喜歡的話就分享吧！謝謝大家了！很多人喜歡我轉(zhuǎn)載的文章 來加我好友 其實(shí)我文章為了分享給更多人都是所有人可見 所以不加我也可以在主頁看到的！

我的網(wǎng)名叫做jacky，大學(xué)在青島市念書，4年，中國海洋大學(xué)的計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)。我并不象很多人那樣關(guān)注現(xiàn)在的流行，超級女聲，快樂男聲，加油！好男兒，李宇春，張靚穎或者周筆暢，我甚至可能也不知道誰是全國7進(jìn)6，8進(jìn)7，我可能還不知道有關(guān)滿城盡帶黃金甲，鞏俐和章子怡的最新消息，可是我卻知道第六輪六方會談的結(jié)果，我也知道中國暴雨洪災(zāi)的后果，受災(zāi)地區(qū)，我還有著一段值得人駐足的一段經(jīng)歷。

畢業(yè)之后工作兩年，辭職孤單一人來到北京準(zhǔn)備考研。

當(dāng)初準(zhǔn)備的是北外的高翻學(xué)院，也就是大家俗稱的同傳專業(yè)。但是那時(shí)候除了看的是同傳的高薪之外，還有自己提高自己的英語水平。

我一開始，英語程度也就是6級，但是經(jīng)常鍛煉口語，所以交流很流暢。這是我惟一的優(yōu)勢，其他的，沒有工作，計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)，看來都不是什么好事情。可是我有著很多人沒有的一樣?xùn)|西。那就是堅(jiān)定的毅力。這樣是我后來能夠成功被錄取的最重要的一點(diǎn)。

從那年1月開始，我認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備，但是當(dāng)時(shí)對于高翻沒有清晰的概念，所以很幼稚的覺得，把一套新東方推薦的60篇文章背誦下來，然后背誦gre詞匯就可以解決問題了。結(jié)果，大概一個(gè)月之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)語言運(yùn)用能力的確有所提高，但是要是參加考試遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)候開始接觸<經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家>，發(fā)現(xiàn)根本看不懂。于是在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上瘋狂的搜索和高翻相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，論壇，網(wǎng)站，blog等等，也開始獲得了大量的信息。其中幾個(gè)重要的網(wǎng)站在這里推薦一下： 如果你想要找一個(gè)最綜合的口譯資料資源練習(xí)方法的網(wǎng)站，就去這里看看

（口譯天下/）如果你要考北外，那么究一定要經(jīng)常到北外專門的校內(nèi)網(wǎng)去看看最新的消息，還有很多牛人在哪里發(fā)帖，北外星光： /）

這些是主要的一些論壇，接下來我說自己的努力過程的時(shí)候會提高他們的用處

為了能夠清晰明了的說明我自己的努力過程，我把自己針對每一個(gè)考試所必需掌握的技能，進(jìn)行的練習(xí)列出來：

英語基礎(chǔ)------中英互譯新概念3，4冊，新東方精選60篇文章，張培基散文50篇，實(shí)用口譯教程全部，現(xiàn)代漢英口譯教程，現(xiàn)代漢英口譯教程練習(xí)冊，然后熟練背誦，這一共7本書！其實(shí)還有很多其他的我背誦了只有2-3遍的，就不想提了。這些書腰背誦至少3-4遍，我自己背誦了大概有10遍左右，之后總結(jié)當(dāng)中重要的，自己不熟練的句型，詞組等等，要針對自己。

聽力------這個(gè)是我自己感到最重要的，為了鍛煉聽力，我找到了普特論壇，并且嚴(yán)格的每天跟著一起訓(xùn)練，方法大家都可以在論壇上找到。每天聽寫bbc，因?yàn)関oa太簡單，大概一個(gè)月左右就可以完全聽懂。所以我一直堅(jiān)持精聽bbc直到那年9月份，我找到了一個(gè)軟件，可以把音頻變速，叫做nv player，大家搜索，可以找到并且免費(fèi)下載，其他的軟件我也嘗試了，但是基本上都還是聲音會失真，但是這個(gè)軟件只會加快速度，聲音不會失真。之后我開始把bbc變速聽，變到1。1，1。2，，，最后倒了2倍速，你聽起來這個(gè)變速可能沒有什么大不了的，但是當(dāng)你真正的用這個(gè)軟件開始聽的時(shí)候，才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就算是從1。1跳到1。2你都會有很多東西突然間就聽不懂了，與此同時(shí)，我還每天下載聯(lián)合國網(wǎng)站的會議現(xiàn)場和白宮的會議現(xiàn)場，不斷的變速聽，而且普特論壇上又各種各樣的材料共我選擇，我也在不斷的精聽，精練，倒了10月，我開始精聽bbc2倍速，同時(shí)開始了我正式的同傳練習(xí)，是的，我已經(jīng)可以進(jìn)行同傳了，不過都是同傳un的現(xiàn)場，還有白宮的現(xiàn)場，每天都是一個(gè)小時(shí)左右，大概過了一個(gè)月，我開始同傳voa新聞，新聞的同傳，在同傳界是一個(gè)忌諱，也就是說沒有人去做新聞同傳，因?yàn)樾畔⒓校芏却螅俣忍欤魬?zhàn)太大，但是我很勇敢的接受了挑戰(zhàn)，并且開始堅(jiān)持每天同傳新聞，因?yàn)槲野l(fā)現(xiàn)un會議和美國白宮的會議太簡單了，我每天都會把un 和美國白宮的會議現(xiàn)場變成2倍速來做泛聽，基本上一次就可以聽懂了。新增國內(nèi)會外會議視頻下載---聯(lián)合國，白宮，英國議會，中國國家新聞辦公室

后來我曾經(jīng)嘗試一次在安南進(jìn)行的聯(lián)合國的演講錄像，直接進(jìn)行同傳，基本上對我來說就是放慢鏡頭！每次聽2倍速的作用就顯現(xiàn)出來了，因?yàn)樽詈笪野l(fā)現(xiàn)基本上90%的安南演講內(nèi)容我都同傳出來了。在此期間，我不但堅(jiān)持鍛煉同傳新聞voa，并且開始嘗試加速同傳，也就是把新聞變速到1。3倍速同傳，這個(gè)的確非常又難度，但是我還是克服了，這需要很多的勇氣還有毅力，很多人會問我，你怎么又這樣的動力，我說，他們都源自我的夢想，一個(gè)心中的夢想，希望能夠成為一個(gè)語言運(yùn)用自如的人，運(yùn)用自己的天分非常自如的人。于是，漸漸的，我到了12月份，已經(jīng)可以同傳voa新聞的1。5倍速了，這個(gè)是非常難的，因?yàn)樗俣群芸欤阌斜仨氁瑫r(shí)傳譯，但是這些都造就了我非凡的反映速度，還有我穩(wěn)定的心理素質(zhì)，因?yàn)椋F(xiàn)在我聽人們說話，就真的好像在放慢鏡頭一般。而且12月份的時(shí)候我也開始同傳cnn，也是1。5倍速，以及npr，但是bbc我還從來沒有嘗試過，因?yàn)閎bc我一直都留給自己做每天的精聽 在后來，voa的同傳我就變速倒了1。7倍速了，但是這已經(jīng)是今年的事情了。

第五篇：口譯考試

3.2中國酒店

中國的酒店按照星級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)劃分為一級、二級和三級酒店。

五星級和大多數(shù)的四星級酒店屬于一級酒店。一級酒店的客房配備了全套浴室，冰箱，電話以及衛(wèi)星電視。這些酒店都擁有可以通過中央空調(diào)設(shè)備調(diào)節(jié)氣溫的遙控。其他由酒店提供的附屬設(shè)施包括如商務(wù)中心、會議設(shè)施、美容室、桑拿浴室、外匯和保齡球中心、迪斯科舞廳、游泳池、健身館、飯店、咖啡廳、購物中心以及酒吧等，全天24小時(shí)開放。

二級酒店大致包括三星級酒店和一些二星級酒店。其客房設(shè)施和服務(wù)沒有達(dá)到一級酒店的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不過，旅游團(tuán)通常更樂意選擇住二級酒店。

說到設(shè)施和服務(wù)，三級酒店看起來跟西方國家的汽車旅館差不多。這些三級酒店的硬件設(shè)施自然比起那些二級酒店來是要差一些。但是，這些酒店的費(fèi)用只需低于二級酒店價(jià)格的一半的價(jià)格。因此，也廣受游客的喜歡。

3.3 史蒂夫 福布斯談《福布斯》

我祖父20世紀(jì)初來到美國。他離開英格蘭時(shí)身上沒什么錢。連他在內(nèi)兄弟姐妹10人，不過他自小就受到很好的教育。像許多人一樣，他也是滿懷憧憬和理想來到美國的。他創(chuàng)辦了《福布斯》雜志，報(bào)道那些實(shí)干家，那些改變商業(yè)社會的人。

我祖父常說，做生意不是堆積百萬財(cái)富，而是為帶來幸福快樂。如今我們講到公司、經(jīng)營，文章中會用到許多數(shù)字，但焦點(diǎn)一直放在人上面。對公司來說，最重要的是人，而不是資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表。以前我祖父是這樣看的，我們現(xiàn)在也是這樣看的。

當(dāng)前的世界信息泛濫，足以將人淹沒，人們迫切需要一本刊物來解讀這些信息，告訴讀者哪些重要，哪些不重要。這就是《福布斯》的價(jià)值所在。我們提供額外的視角和判斷。我們從不停留于表面，總想看看公司到底是如何經(jīng)營的，正是當(dāng)今蕪雜繁多的信息使得《福布斯》日益重要。

3.4 Introduction to an arts and crafts company

Distinguished guests, dear friends,I feel honored to have this opportunity to introduce our company to you through the platform provided by this conference.Founded 15 years ago, we are a company specializing in the design, manufacture and sales of handicrafts.Fifteen years ago our staff numbered 50;now the figure is 1,700.Fifteen years ago we rented a facility covering a floor space of 4,500 square meters;now our own facility covers a floor space of 24,000 square meters.These figures speak loudly and clearly of our success.Our leading products are various architectural exotic European cathedrals, the Empire State Building, the White House, and the Pentagon in the U.S., along with cartoon animal toys and Christmas gifts with a variety of designs.Our designs have become trend setters in the industry.Nowadays, our products are sold worldwide in more than twenty countries including Japan, Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, America, the UK, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany.They are well received by both local importers and customers.For fifteen years our output value has manifested an annual growth rate of 30%.4.4 Preserve core values of the Lunar New Year

To people of Chinese descent around the world, the Lunar New Year(also called Spring Festival)is undoubtedly the most important festival of the year.Dating back 3,000 years, it celebrates the passing of a peaceful year and welcomes a new year.The reunion dinner, eaten on New Year’s Eve, is the most special, with members of the extended family gathering for the most significant meal of the year.Even the absent members will endeavor to return home in time for it.It underscores the supreme importance of the family in Chinese culture, and aims at strengthening the sense of togetherness and cohesion.The way people celebrate the New Year embodies two important core values.The first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all there to have a big reunion dinner.Everyone will follow this custom.The female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner, and some rich families may take on extra hands.The second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives, a good way to strengthen kinship and friendship.However, economic development has resulted in some changes in lifestyles.After a busy year, people are tired of preparing for the reunion dinner, and would rather hold their reunion dinner in posh restaurants, despite the exorbitant costs.The festival door-to door visits have given way to New Year greetings via telephone or text messages.Some families even go to such extremes as to travel and seek temporary refuge in a hotel so as to avoid being visited.Some tradition-minded people regard the reunion dinner and visits to relatives and close friends during the New Year as core values, without which the holiday would lose much of its significance.Some pessimists contend that, as the popularity of western culture grows, Chinese traditional festivals gradually lose their original meaning and degenerate into commercial festivals like Christmas.The Spring Festival is an important part of the Chinese cultural heritage, and it will continue to be celebrated.The modes of celebration may change, but the core value should be sustained: that of respect for kinship and friendship.5.2 游覽白宮

兩百多年來，白宮作為美國總統(tǒng)、美國政府以及美國人民的標(biāo)志一直屹立在那里。和這個(gè)國家的首都的歷史一樣，白宮的歷史開始于1790年12月。華盛頓總統(tǒng)和城市設(shè)計(jì)師皮埃爾·雷芬一起選擇該址作為新的居住地，即現(xiàn)在的賓夕法尼亞大街1600號。

1792年10月，當(dāng)?shù)谝粔K奠基石造好的時(shí)候，白宮的建設(shè)就開始了。盡管華盛頓總統(tǒng)監(jiān)督了白宮的建設(shè)，但是他從未入主白宮。直到1800年，也就是白宮臨近竣工的時(shí)候，第一位入主者約翰·亞當(dāng)斯總統(tǒng)和他的妻子阿比蓋爾搬進(jìn)了白宮。從那以后，每位入主白宮的總體都會改變原有的裝潢或擺設(shè)，使得白宮以新面貌出現(xiàn)。

白宮有著極其獨(dú)特和引人注目的歷史。1814年，白宮曾被付之一炬。1929年，白宮的西翼也曾被縱火。白宮的內(nèi)部全部修復(fù)過。盡管如此，其外圍石墻就是兩百多年前白宮建成時(shí)建造的。

在星期二至星期六這段時(shí)間的上午，白宮是全面開放的。而星期天和星期一，則不對外開放。所有在白宮內(nèi)的旅游觀光都是免費(fèi)的。

在游客進(jìn)入白宮時(shí)，通過安全檢查后方可攜帶照相機(jī)入內(nèi)。但是，在白宮內(nèi)禁止拍照和錄像。

9.3 Multivariate family planning policy in China

It has been over two decades since China adopted the Family Planning Policy.However, there still exist misunderstandings about this policy.People mistakenly think that China’s Family Planning Policy equals the One Child Policy, which allows

one couple to have only one child.Their impression is that this policy is implemented more strictly in urban areas: in cities where people are better-off, one couple can have only one child, while in the poor rural areas, one couple can have two or three children.Furthermore, they think that the One Child Policy is the cause of gender imbalance.I will now clarify these misunderstandings.As a matter of fact, the policy adopted in the early 1980s is a multivariate policy called the Family Planning Policy, or the fertility policy.Its multivariate nature can be proved by two facts.First, the total fertility rate in China now stands at 1.8, which means there is more than one child per family in most areas.For example, there is generally only one child in a family in urban areas, but two in rural areas, and three in ethnic minority areas.In some areas, like Tibet, there are no restrictions at all on the number of children a family can have.We can tell from this fact that China’s Family Planning Policy varies in accordance with the economic and social development level of different areas.Secondly, China is seeing an unbalanced sex ratio at birth at the moment.The sex ratio at birth refers to the number of boys born per 100 girls born.This is not the same concept as the sex ratio of the total population.The unbalance is not entirely the result of the Family Planning Policy.I would like to cite two interesting examples.My first example is the ROK.In 1988, the sex ratio at birth in the ROK was 114, and the ratio now in China is 117.I believe there is no family planning policy in the ROK.My second example is Singapore, whose sex ratio at birth in1984 was 109.Why is it a common problem in Asia? There are two reasons.The first reason is the influence of traditional culture and ideology, that is, a preference for sons, which poses a great problem for the sex ratio at birth.Second, China’s unbalanced birth ratio is attributable to the poor social security in rural areas.The Chinese government has launched a nationwide Girl Care Project to hamper the rising sex ratio at birth.This project aims to educate the general public to abandon their traditional preference for male children and to advocate female children’s status and rights.Secondly, the Chinese government is also making an effort to establish and improve the social security system, particularly in rural areas.Thirdly, the phenomenon of allowing one child for urban families and two to three children for families in poor areas is called reverse selection of population quality.I have two points to make in the regard.The policy in rural areas is made in accordance with the economic situation there.The social security system is being gradually improved in rural areas.If a stringent One Child policy is to be introduced in this process, the household insurance coverage is likely to be reduced for rural families.Therefore, the number of children allowed in rural families is dependent on the economic situation.10.3 中國與歐盟的關(guān)系

女士們、先生們、朋友們：

今天，我很榮幸給大家介紹歐盟的一些情況以及歐盟與中國的關(guān)系。

歐盟全稱叫歐洲聯(lián)盟，是在歐洲共同體基礎(chǔ)上有25個(gè)獨(dú)立的國家組成的，目的是為了加強(qiáng)政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會合作。原來叫“歐共體”或“歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)共同體”。

目前的25個(gè)成員國是：奧地利、比利時(shí)、丹麥、芬蘭、法國、德國、希臘、愛爾蘭、意大利、盧森堡、荷蘭、葡萄牙、西班牙、瑞典、英國、塞浦路斯（希臘部分）、捷克共和國、愛沙尼亞、匈牙利、拉脫維亞、立陶宛、馬耳他、波蘭、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亞。歐盟25國總面積400平方公里，差不多半個(gè)中國的面積。總?cè)丝跀?shù)為4.544億，排行第三，僅次于中國和印度，約占世界總?cè)丝诘?%。

歐盟同一貨幣為歐元，2002年一月正式啟用。到目前為止，已經(jīng)有12個(gè)歐盟國家用歐元取代其本國貨幣。同一貨幣使旅行和價(jià)格比較容易些，它還為歐洲的商業(yè)往來、刺激增長和競爭創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境。

目前為止，歐盟的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值逾10萬億美元。作為一個(gè)整體，這個(gè)規(guī)模與它的主要競爭對手美國差不多。經(jīng)濟(jì)總量和貿(mào)易總額分別占全球25%和35%。

歐盟與中國的關(guān)系十分良好。今年5月歐盟與中國就建交30周年了。去年，歐盟與中國的進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易總額達(dá)到2，000億歐元。德國是中國的最大貿(mào)易伙伴，英國、荷蘭名列第二和第三。

歐盟正抓住當(dāng)前這一大好歷史機(jī)遇-團(tuán)結(jié)曾經(jīng)分裂的歐洲大陸，創(chuàng)造一個(gè)和平、穩(wěn)定、民主的歐洲。這次歐盟的擴(kuò)大還將創(chuàng)造一個(gè)幾乎擁有5億消費(fèi)者的大市場，這個(gè)市場飽含經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長和不斷繁榮的極大潛力。

我的話完了，謝謝大家！

11.3傾銷與反傾銷

如果一家公司以比自己國內(nèi)正常市場價(jià)格更低的價(jià)格出口商品，即構(gòu)成“傾銷”。有些人認(rèn)為這是不正當(dāng)競爭但有些則持不同意見。但許多國家的政府采取一些行動抵制傾銷行為以保護(hù)本國市場。世貿(mào)組織的協(xié)定并沒有針對反傾銷的制裁措施。它側(cè)重于規(guī)定一些政府是否可以或者不可以對傾銷行為采取行動-它通常被稱為“反傾銷協(xié)定”。

典型的反傾銷行動的手段是指對特定的出口國的特定產(chǎn)品征收額外進(jìn)口關(guān)稅，以便將其價(jià)格接近“正常價(jià)值”或消除對進(jìn)口國國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)的損害。

一般而言，美國、歐盟、澳大利亞和加拿大一直是反傾銷措施的主要支持者。四個(gè)傳統(tǒng)成員發(fā)起的案件占了世貿(mào)組織反傾銷案件總數(shù)的45%之多的記錄。

為什么發(fā)展中國家容易被鎖定？

首先，外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)容易引起貿(mào)易爭端。由于積極從事出口是促進(jìn)國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的捷徑，許多發(fā)展中國家采取了出口型政策。因此，他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)比發(fā)達(dá)國家更依賴于對外貿(mào)易，發(fā)展中國家和發(fā)達(dá)國家難免會有許多摩擦沖突。

第二，發(fā)展中國家的出口價(jià)格非常低。由于勞動力比發(fā)達(dá)國家更便宜，產(chǎn)品成本低是可以理解的。此外，來自發(fā)展中國家的產(chǎn)品往往不是精心設(shè)計(jì)也不是成品，從而會影響價(jià)格。相反，發(fā)達(dá)國家的勞動密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)是夕陽產(chǎn)業(yè)，它們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有其他知識型產(chǎn)業(yè)有競爭力。產(chǎn)品價(jià)格在它們的國內(nèi)市場上不合情理的高。這些因素容易引起國內(nèi)產(chǎn)業(yè)和當(dāng)局的注意。

12.4 The Secret of Nano Technology

The term nanotechnology may not sound unfamiliar any more.It has become a buzzword within the hi-tech community, but when asked what’s it about and its impact on our life, I’m afraid many people are not able to answer right away.In fact, it’s already a part of daily life for many.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.If you think nanotechnology is all in the future, think again.Nano trousers are already on sale in the United States.They feel like ordinary cotton trousers but there’s a thin nano layer, which resists spills and stains.So, if you spill your drink, this is what happens, it just runs off.The trousers aren’t even damp.So nano technology is the science of the very small.But how small is small? Well imagine I was shrunk to a 1,000 times smaller.I’d be about as big as the eye of a fly, but nano is even

smaller than that.In fact, much, much smaller.Imagine I was shrunk again, this time 10,000 times.I’d be about as big as a virus, but nano is even smaller than that.You’d have to shrink4 me another 100 times to get the nano version of me, a billion times smaller than the real me.Industry is already building devices on that scale.Here in Cambridge they’re making very thin nano layers of a plastic that emits light when electrical current runs through it.The technology will soon be on the market, in mobile phones with very bright, energy-saving displays.People will see these initially in fairly simple products like mobile phones but ultimately they will be in TV’s, and when the technology moves on to plastic, you’ll have the roll-down TV that you can put on your wall.Nanotechnology can also be applied to medicine.Ultimately, it will be applied in making a chip that can go into the body, which will release a drug or a whole variety of drugs at an assigned period of time, thus having a healing effect on the body.Nanotechnology can be used in many other fields which are closely related to our daily life as well.The promise of nanotechnology is almost unlimited.That’s why the government is backing itstrongly, yet still many critics fear possible side effects.