第一篇：天津大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題(天津中舉畫室總結(jié)分析)
www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
天津大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題
藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)考題范圍，各考點(diǎn)考題將從以下考題中隨機(jī)抽取。各科目均為默寫 素描試題：
1、素描試題： 題目：“童年的游戲”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你童年時(shí)做游戲的場(chǎng)面。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
2、素描試題：
題目：“我的中學(xué)校門前”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出中學(xué)校門前的場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
3、素描試題： 題目：“教室一角”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你的教室里的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
4、素描試題： 題目：“操場(chǎng)一角”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你的學(xué)校操場(chǎng)上的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
5、素描試題：
題目：“道路的交叉口”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出道路交叉口上的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
6、素描試題：
題目：“我家的周圍環(huán)境”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你的家所在的小區(qū)、街道、胡同等的場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
7、素描試題： 題目：“假日”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你的假日生活的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
8、素描試題： 題目：“我的家”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你的家庭生活的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
9、素描試題： 題目：“郊游”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出你和同學(xué)們?nèi)ソ加蔚囊粋€(gè)場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
10、素描試題： www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
題目：“雨中即景”
要求：用鉛筆或炭筆描繪出一個(gè)雨中的場(chǎng)景。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求透視準(zhǔn)確，線條流暢，構(gòu)圖美觀。
色彩試題：
1、色彩試題： 題目：“山村”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪出一幅山村的風(fēng)景畫。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
2、色彩試題： 題目：“中午”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪出一幅中午時(shí)分的風(fēng)景，要表現(xiàn)出陽(yáng)光燦爛的光影效果。說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
3、色彩試題： 題目：“雨天的風(fēng)景”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪出下雨時(shí)分的景色，內(nèi)容自定。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
4、色彩試題：
題目：“小橋?流水?人家”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪出帶有橋、河流、房子的風(fēng)景畫。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
5、色彩試題： 題目：“風(fēng)”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪出刮風(fēng)時(shí)的景色，內(nèi)容自定。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
6、色彩試題：
題目：“有房子的風(fēng)景”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪，畫面中心以建筑為主，風(fēng)景內(nèi)容自定。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
7、色彩試題：
題目：“帶有果盤的靜物畫”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪，有果盤與水果的靜物，色調(diào)不限。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
8、色彩試題：
題目：“帶有陶罐的靜物畫”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪，畫面以陶罐為主體，配以若干水果，色調(diào)不限。
說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
9、色彩試題：
題目：“白色襯布的靜物畫”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪，以白色襯布為背景，自由配以其他靜物，色調(diào)不限。說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
10、色彩試題： www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
題目：“帶有玻璃器皿的靜物畫”
要求：用水粉或水彩描繪，畫面以玻璃器皿為主體，配以若干水果，色調(diào)不限。說明：題目是開放式的，可以根據(jù)自己的理解來描繪，但要求色彩飽滿，層次分明，技能熟練。
動(dòng)畫專業(yè)考題范圍，各考點(diǎn)考題將從以下考題中隨機(jī)抽取。各科目均為默寫
素描： 焦慮不安的戰(zhàn)士 2 嚎啕大哭的農(nóng)婦 3 擠眉弄眼的小和尚 4 愁眉苦臉的帝王 5 笑容可鞠的售票員 6 怒容滿面的老神仙 7 憂郁傷感的小公主 8 驚恐萬狀的老太太 9 橫眉冷對(duì)的將軍 10 喜笑顏開的老**** 要求：120分鐘內(nèi)完成****物屬性表現(xiàn)恰當(dāng)；表情準(zhǔn)確、生動(dòng)。
速寫： 1 車站一角 2 醫(yī)院一角 www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年 畫室一角 4 展廳一角 5 宿舍一角 6 食堂一角 7 網(wǎng)吧一角 8 市場(chǎng)一角 9 客廳一角 10 超市一角
要求：30分鐘完成；4個(gè)人物以上；場(chǎng)景準(zhǔn)確，構(gòu)圖巧妙。
色彩： 陰雨綿綿的水鄉(xiāng) 2 瑞雪覆蓋的山路 3 秋陽(yáng)高照的農(nóng)舍 4 豐收景象的麥場(chǎng) 5 春意正濃的溪流 6 夕陽(yáng)西下的山莊 7 晨霧籠罩的城鎮(zhèn) 8 清晨繁忙的街道 9 陽(yáng)光明媚的校園 10 陰云密布的都市
要求：150分鐘內(nèi)完成；構(gòu)圖合理，用適當(dāng)?shù)纳{(diào)描寫季節(jié)與時(shí)間，場(chǎng)景豐滿。每門250分，共計(jì)750分。www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
第二篇：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題(天津中舉畫室總結(jié)分析)
www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題
2013年天津工業(yè)大學(xué)美術(shù)專業(yè)考題
色彩題目：深色花瓶，3個(gè)蘋果，一個(gè)白盤子，一把餐刀 2個(gè)梨 兩塊暖色襯布等。素描題目：男青年四分之三戴圍巾。速寫題目：畫畫的男青年。
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2012年美術(shù)專業(yè)考題 素描：男中年正面
色彩：蘋果、香蕉、水果刀、盤子、啤酒瓶等物體構(gòu)成一組畫面 速寫：默寫兩個(gè)畫畫的人
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2011美術(shù)專業(yè)專題 素描：默寫女青年正面
色彩：一個(gè)陶罐，一個(gè)立放青花瓷盤，一顆白菜，四個(gè)青椒，藍(lán)白襯布各一塊 速寫：默寫兩個(gè)畫畫的女青年，一站一坐
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2010年美術(shù)專業(yè)考題
素描題目：
1、默寫：青年男子四分之三側(cè)面頭像
2、答筆題：家庭成員介紹（內(nèi)容包括：本人及父母的姓名、性別、出生年月、家庭住址、學(xué)習(xí)或工作單位）
要求：
1、正確理解題意、扣題。默畫要求采用寫實(shí)的描繪方法。www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
2、造型準(zhǔn)確，比例協(xié)調(diào)，結(jié)構(gòu)突出，注意刻畫對(duì)象的氣質(zhì)神態(tài)。
3、構(gòu)圖合理，畫面完整。
4、畫面中不得出現(xiàn)文字，否則按廢卷處理。
5、繪畫工具限用鉛筆或炭筆。
6、筆答題為必答題，寫在答題紙上。紙張：8K 速寫題目：放學(xué)回家途中的三位中學(xué)生（男女不限）。要求：
1、正確理解題意、扣題。
2、要求手法簡(jiǎn)練、概括，構(gòu)圖完整。
3、人物結(jié)構(gòu)、比例恰當(dāng)，生動(dòng)表現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)及形象特征。
4、繪畫工具限用鉛筆或炭筆。紙張：A4 色彩題目：默畫一組色彩靜物
內(nèi)容：畫面包括一個(gè)陶罐，一個(gè)盤子，兩根大蔥，三個(gè)西紅柿，雞蛋、土豆若干。藍(lán)底白花襯布和白色襯布各一塊。
要求：
1、扣題作畫，畫面不得出現(xiàn)文字或與題目要求無關(guān)的內(nèi)容，否則按廢卷處理。
2、畫面色彩的冷暖色調(diào)明確。
3、畫面效果應(yīng)把握：色彩關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，而又富有變化，較充分地體現(xiàn)色彩的感染力。
4、限用水粉色或水彩色，表現(xiàn)方法不限。紙張：8K
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2009年美術(shù)專業(yè)考題
1、素描：側(cè)面男青年默寫
2、速寫：考場(chǎng)內(nèi)的一個(gè)考生半身像（白描）默寫
3、水粉：一個(gè)酒瓶一個(gè)深色瓷罐幾個(gè)梨。散落的洋蔥和青椒。冷暖襯布各一塊。默寫 www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2008年美術(shù)高考考題
1、素描：四分之三側(cè)面女青年 默寫
2、速寫：畫自己的手
3、色彩：一深色陶罐 一根黃瓜 一根茄子 一紅辣椒 一白色瓷盤（黃瓜 茄子 辣椒 放在盤子里）西紅柿若干 一根大蔥 冷暖襯布各一塊
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2007年美術(shù)專業(yè)考題
1、素描：中年女人頭像，正面，默畫。
2、速寫：用線描的方法表現(xiàn)放學(xué)途中的孩子們，默畫。
3、色彩 ：靜物默畫，三到五個(gè)香蕉，一塊西瓜，一個(gè)玻璃酒瓶子，一個(gè)裝有酒的玻璃酒杯，兩塊襯布。
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2005年專業(yè)考試試題
1、素描:男青年 3/4 側(cè)面
2、速寫: 騎自行車的造型
3、色彩: 一個(gè)深色的陶管 一個(gè)白色瓷盤里面裝辣椒 黃瓜 茄子 一塊冷色的襯布 一塊暖色的襯布 西紅柿
天津工業(yè)大學(xué)2003年考試試題
1、色彩默寫：要求有一個(gè)深色上釉罐、胡蘿卜、辣椒、西紅柿若干、一把刀、一個(gè)碗。
2、素描頭像默寫：老年婦女頭像
3、速寫寫生：考場(chǎng)一角 www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
第三篇：南開大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題(天津中舉畫室總結(jié)分析)
www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
南開大學(xué)歷年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考題總結(jié)（天津中舉畫室分析）
南開大學(xué)2012年美術(shù)專業(yè)考題
素描：提供正面半身及手的黑白照和半側(cè)面線描稿，畫男青年半身帶手。色彩：白色茶壺，葡萄，蘋果，哈密瓜，梨，襯布兩個(gè)，草莓四個(gè)。
南開大學(xué)2010年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考試題目 素描：男青年寫生
水粉：（掛圖）寫生（可樂瓶，玻璃高腳杯，3只蘋果，2個(gè)梨子，淺灰色襯布一塊，水果刀一把，香蕉若干）
速寫：男青年站姿（一手叉腰，一手自然下垂）寫生
南開大學(xué)2009年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考試題目 素描：男青年寫生 速寫：男青年寫生 水粉：（掛圖）寫生
南開大學(xué)2008年美術(shù)專業(yè)校考考試題目 素描：男青年寫生
色彩：半默寫，一個(gè)深色罐子，根據(jù)提供的大圖（從中選出四種不同材質(zhì)的東西，水果、勺子、玻璃杯、灰色襯布）自行組織一幅畫面 www.tmdps.cn天津中舉美術(shù)畫室 專注美術(shù)培訓(xùn)十年
第四篇：2016考研數(shù)學(xué)二大綱分析和歷年考題規(guī)律總結(jié)
凱程考研
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2016考研數(shù)學(xué)二大綱分析和歷年考題規(guī)律總結(jié)
考研數(shù)學(xué)如何取得高分？以下老師為各位同學(xué)整理了提高考研數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)的技巧，供大家參考，希望能對(duì)大家復(fù)習(xí)備考有幫助！
考研數(shù)學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)是建立在對(duì)基本的東西很深刻的理解的基礎(chǔ)上的，單純多做題可能會(huì)多見識(shí)一些題型，但對(duì)于一些很靈活有新意的題目就可能無法應(yīng)對(duì)，這和點(diǎn)石成金的故事是一樣的道理。而這種能力的培養(yǎng)卻來自于老老實(shí)實(shí)地將基礎(chǔ)打牢，這一點(diǎn)上要摒棄那種急功近利的想法，不論是考研還是成就一番事業(yè)，要想成功，首先要沉得住氣，有一個(gè)長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的打算，而不是做一天算一天，同時(shí)要善于控制事情發(fā)展的節(jié)奏，不論太快抑或太慢都不好，你都得去考慮為什么會(huì)這樣，怎樣去解決。一個(gè)人不論處于順風(fēng)還是逆風(fēng)，都要學(xué)會(huì)不斷的去跟自己出難題，不斷地去反省自己，自己主動(dòng)把握自己的命運(yùn)，他才能最后成功。在忙碌的考研復(fù)習(xí)中，或許你正在忙于大量的復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)，或許你已投入無盡的題海，或許你還在為一道道題而苦惱，或許你還在因?yàn)閺?fù)習(xí)不見成效而沮喪。但是，不知忙于埋頭復(fù)習(xí)的你有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)，不是你的能力不夠強(qiáng)，而是你對(duì)如何復(fù)習(xí)還不熟練。我們的最終目的是提高復(fù)習(xí)效果，提高復(fù)習(xí)效果的途徑大致可以分為兩種：一是調(diào)整數(shù)學(xué)整體的素質(zhì)和能力，更好的駕馭考研;二是理解復(fù)習(xí)的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，掌握復(fù)習(xí)方法，將自己已有的潛能和水平發(fā)揮到極致。
全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試大綱已經(jīng)正式發(fā)布，正如所預(yù)料的那樣，今年的考研數(shù)學(xué)大綱沒有任何變化，不論是考試內(nèi)容還是考試要求，都沒有變化。考試時(shí)間仍是180分鐘，試卷結(jié)構(gòu)仍是高數(shù)占78%，線代占22%，題型結(jié)構(gòu)仍是8個(gè)單選題，6個(gè)填空題，9個(gè)解答題，滿分150分。為了幫助各位考生學(xué)好考好數(shù)學(xué)，小編結(jié)合數(shù)學(xué)(二)考試大綱對(duì)歷年考題規(guī)律進(jìn)行了一些分析和總結(jié)，供大家參考。
高等數(shù)學(xué)考試重點(diǎn)和考題規(guī)律總結(jié)
在數(shù)學(xué)(二)的考試中，高等數(shù)學(xué)部分共有18道題，其中有6道單選題，5道填空題，7道解答題。由于數(shù)學(xué)(二)相比數(shù)學(xué)(一)而言，考試范圍小很多，所以考試內(nèi)容比較集中。從最近15年的考題規(guī)律分析，重要考點(diǎn)主要有：極限、導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分、導(dǎo)數(shù)的應(yīng)用、定積分和定積分的應(yīng)用、微分方程、多元函數(shù)的微分和極值、二重積分，這些考點(diǎn)基本是每年必考，而且有些部分不止考一道題，因此考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)。
近15年常考的內(nèi)容和題型主要有：1)函數(shù)部分包括：函數(shù)的4條性質(zhì)(有界/單調(diào)/奇偶/周期)，漸近線，間斷點(diǎn)，零點(diǎn)定理和介值定理;2)極限包括：函數(shù)極限，數(shù)列極限，無窮小;3)導(dǎo)數(shù)與微分包括：導(dǎo)數(shù)定義、隱函數(shù)和參數(shù)方程表示的函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù)、高階導(dǎo)數(shù)、分段函數(shù)、反函數(shù);4)中值定理：運(yùn)用中值定理進(jìn)行證明;5)導(dǎo)數(shù)的應(yīng)用包括：?jiǎn)握{(diào)性，凹凸性，極值，曲率;5)定積分包括：定積分計(jì)算，定積分大小比較，變限積分，反常積分，定積分不等式的證明;6)定積分的應(yīng)用包括：幾何應(yīng)用(面積，體積，側(cè)面積，弧長(zhǎng))，物理應(yīng)用(運(yùn)動(dòng)、功，引力，壓力，質(zhì)心，形心等);7)微分方程：一階、二階、三階、齊次、可分 凱程考研
歷史悠久，專注考研，科學(xué)應(yīng)試，嚴(yán)格管理，成就學(xué)員！
離及可降階的微分方程;8)多元函數(shù)微分包括：一階和二階偏導(dǎo)數(shù)，全微分，復(fù)合函數(shù)和隱函數(shù)的偏導(dǎo)數(shù);9)多元函數(shù)的極值包括：二元函數(shù)的極值，多元函數(shù)的條件極值和最大/最小值及應(yīng)用問題;10)重積分包括：二重積分。
線性代數(shù)考試重點(diǎn)和考題規(guī)律總結(jié)
在數(shù)學(xué)(二)的考試中，線性代數(shù)部分共有5道題，其中有2道單選題，1道填空題，2道解答題，占34分。與高等數(shù)學(xué)相比，線性代數(shù)的考試比例較低，所占分值較小，但大家不可忽視線性代數(shù)的復(fù)習(xí)。從最近15年的考題規(guī)律分析，重要考點(diǎn)主要有：線性方程組、特征值和特征向量，這些考點(diǎn)基本是每年必考，而且往往是以大題(解答題)的形式出現(xiàn)，因此考生應(yīng)重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)。
近15年常考的內(nèi)容和題型主要有：1)行列式部分：行列式單獨(dú)出題考得較少，一般是與矩陣、線性方程組或特征值結(jié)合在一起考，而且行列式的題型常見的通常只有兩種：一種是計(jì)算一個(gè)不超過4階的普通行列式，另一種是計(jì)算一個(gè)比較特殊的n階行列式;2)矩陣部分：矩陣的基本運(yùn)算和性質(zhì)，伴隨矩陣和矩陣的秩是一個(gè)高頻考點(diǎn);3)線性方程組：方程組解的結(jié)構(gòu)，求解，有解和無解的判斷是一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)，4)向量：向量組的線性相關(guān)和無關(guān)、線性表示，以及向量組的秩是常考點(diǎn);5)特征值和特征向量：特征值和特征向量的計(jì)算，矩陣的相似和對(duì)角化;6)二次型：二次型在六年前很少考，但近六年是每年都考，形式上常與特征值和特征向量結(jié)合在一起考。
最后祝愿大家考研取得好成績(jī)！
第五篇：(自己總結(jié)匯合)江南大學(xué)考博英語歷年考題來源部分匯總及答案
Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
When Kathie Gifford’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Walmart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices.With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.;This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to selfregulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L.Bean.However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct.In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.;Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping publicsector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor.Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayerfinanced contracts.But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers.“I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says.According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years.21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America.B)A serious problem threatening American economy.C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America.D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America.
22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____.A)was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B)was one of the wellpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown C)made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown
D)wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers
23.The underlined phrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____.A)to accept unwillingly B)to refuse coldly
C)to welcome warmheartedly D)to blame strongly
24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A)It will become the country’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer.B)It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct.C)It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct.D)It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign.
25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign?
A)To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct.B)To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct.C)To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility.D)To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the WalMart Waltons, Bill Gates.But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his parttime receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.;
A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets.It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks.But those are for people with expertise.What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash(including such cash equivalents as moneymarket funds).;
How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky;bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.;
Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that largecompany stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926.Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.;But shortterm risk is another matter.In 1974, a oneyear $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.;
With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much.The U.S.government stands behind treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil.But the inflation risk remains.Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years.If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.;
With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year(or more often).If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.;As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need the money for a long time, then put it into stocks.If you need it soon, put it into bonds and cash.26.This passage is intended to give advice on ____.A)how to avoid inflation risks B)what kinds of bonds to buy C)how to get rich by investing in stock market D)how to become richer by spreading the risk
27.The author mentions such millionaires as the Rockefellers and Bill Gates to show that ____.A)they are examples for us on our road to wealth B)a portfolio is essential to financial success C)they are really rich people D)they started out on their own
28.Which of the following statements will the author support? A)Everybody can get rich with some financial assets.B)The credit risk for treasury bonds is extremely high.C)It’s no use trying to know the advantages of stocks, bonds and cash.D)Everybody should realize the importance of distribution of their financial assets. 29.The word “returns” in paragraph three can be best replaced by “____.” A)returning journeys B)profits C)savings D)investments
30.The author of the passage points out that ____.A)keeping cash is the only way to avoid risks B)the longer you own a stock, the more you lost C)the high rate of profit and high rate of risk coexist in stocks D)the best way to accumulate wealth is by investing in stocks
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
There were two widely divergent influences on the early development of statistical methods.Statistics had a mother who was dedicated to keeping orderly records of governmental units(state and statistics come from the same Latin root, status)and a gentlemanly gambling father who relied on mathematics to increase his skill at playing the odds in games of chance.The influence of the mother on the offspring, statistics, is represented by counting, measuring, describing, tabulating, ordering, and the taking of censuses—all of which led to modern descriptive statistics.From the influence of the father came modern inferential statistics, which is based squarely on theories of probability.;
Descriptive statistics involves tabulating, depicting, and describing collections of data.These data may be either quantitative, such as measures of height, intelligence, or grade level—variables that are characterized by an underlying continuum—or the data many represent qualitative variables, such as sex, college major, or personality type.Large masses of data must generally undergo a process of summarization or reducing to comprehensibly form the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.;
Inferential statistics is a formalized body of methods for solving another class of problems that present great difficulties for the unaided human mind.This general class of problems characteristically involves attempts to make predictions using a sample of observations.For example, a school superintendent wishes to determine the proportion of children in a large school system who come to school without breakfast, have been vaccinated for flu, or whatever.Having a little knowledge of statistics, the superintendent would know that it is unnecessary and inefficiency to question each child;the proportion for the entire district could be estimated fairly accurately from a sample of as few as 100 children.Thus, the purpose of inferential statistics is to predict or estimate characteristics of a population from a knowledge of the characteristics of only a sample of the population.31.What is the passage mainly concerned with? A)Development and application of statistics.B)Origin of descriptive statistics.C)Limitations of inferential statistics.D)Importance of statistics.
32.Describing and tabulating are associated with ____.A)inferential statistics B)descriptive statistics
C)theories of probability D)inefficiency of counting
33.Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics? A)It combines quantitative variables and qualitative variables.B)It can be used to deal with only quantitative variables.C)It helps to summarize properties of a group of data.D)It helps to make predictions using a sample of observations.
34.The word “unwieldy” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____.A)difficult to collect
B)difficult to tackle C)incomprehensive
D)uncontrollable
35.A sample of a population is often examined for the following purposes except ____.A)to make a more accurate prediction of trend
B)to improve efficiency and avoid unnecessary work C)to save the trouble of approaching every members D)to predict characteristics of the entire population
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The Japanese are fascinated by automata and new inventions.Japanese children are used to friendly robots in their comics, in toys, and in TV animated cartoons.When as adults they join the workforce,robots mean that there is no need to import cheap foreign labor, as happens in many other parts of the world.There is no need for humans to put up with dirty, minddeadening mechanical work the robot does it all without complaint, around the clock.Robots don’t go on strike over tea breaks they don’t have tea, or any other kind of breaks:they work, day and night, without having to be paid overtime, without making mistakes.Human tasks are subject to human error: robot error seldom or never occurs except as a result of human error!;In Japan, robots are almost respected for their virtues.When a new robot is introduced to a small suburban factory, a Shinto priest is invited to inaugurate it.He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of “Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.” No one laughs.;
FANUC demonstrates the Japanese tendency to conform particularly strikingly.The founder of FANUC, Dr.Inaba, has created an army that makes no distinction between bluecollar, whitecollar and steelcollar worker: everyone, including the warlord himself, is dressed in yellow clothing issued free by the company.Perh aps to make up for the boring nature of the work, there are a number of other company perks.Company benefits, including pay, are much higher than in similar companies in Japan.Travel to and from work is provided free in the company’s yellow buses.However, workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid “overtime.” There is a clock in the product development laboratory set to run at ten times the normal speed, the remind everyone that the company is on a war footing.;As we watched Dr.Inaba’s yellow helicopter soar away to Narita airport, we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.36.According to the author, which of the following is not true to the Japanese? A)Robots mean there is no need to import cheap foreign labor.B)Robots mean that humans needn’t do dirty and noisy work.C)Robots mean there are no strikes nor overtimes.D)Robots mean there is no mistake in any form.
37.What can be inferred form the words “He inaugurates the robot with words along the lines of ‘Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in.’No one laughs.”? A)The Japanese has no sense of humor while at work.B)The Japanese does not understand the words of the Shinto priest.C)The Japanese shows a true respect for robots.D)The Japanese goes too far in their respect for robots.
38.Which of the following is not true about FANUC? A)Workers receive higher pay for working overtime.B)Workers enjoy free travel to and from work.C)Workers are doing boring, sometimes demanding work.D)Workers are reminded of being on a war footing.
39.What is not implied in the following works “we couldn’t help thinking that his dream of world domination in robotics and allied applications might be more elegantly achieved if he had also thought to program his robots to whistle while they work.”? A)Our technology is not yet up to the needs of Dr.Inaba’s dream.B)Dr.Inaba’s dream of world domination in robotics lacks humanity.C)Dr.Inaba’s dream of allied applications is too practical.D)The author is in favor of Dr.Inaba’s dream.
40.What does “our coworker” refer to in the sentence “Welcome to our coworker, we hope you’ll help him settle in?”
A)Japanese workers who attend the inauguration. B)The introduced robot.C)The people who have invented the robot. D)Japanese workers in general.
Part Ⅴ
Writing(30 minutes)
Directions:For this part you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Cope with Personal Crisis.
You should write at least 150 words and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
How to Deal with Personal Crisis 1.造成個(gè)人危機(jī)的起因。 2.應(yīng)對(duì)個(gè)人危機(jī)的方法。
答案與詳解 Part Ⅱ Passage One 內(nèi)容概要:
本文講述了美國(guó)“工作場(chǎng)所操作規(guī)范”誕生的背景和實(shí)施情況。1996年，美國(guó)一些地方和部門的低收入工人抗議血汗工廠，隨后克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)，要求零售商和制造商簽署《工作場(chǎng)所操作規(guī)范》。可是國(guó)防部拒絕執(zhí)行；美國(guó)勞工部作為政府部門，卻稱主要要求制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定。 21.【答案】D。
【譯文】這篇文章主要講述什么？
【試題分析】歸納概括題(Summing up and summarizing)，這種試題要求學(xué)生能把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心大意。 【詳細(xì)解答】文章從開始就講述眾多的低收入工人集體抗議工作條件，導(dǎo)致Kathie Gifford的服裝廠被曝光；于是克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)，可是國(guó)防部拒絕簽署《工作場(chǎng)所操作規(guī)范》，勞工部卻稱該部門主要要求制造商們遵守安全和衛(wèi)生規(guī)定。可見美國(guó)政府部門對(duì)于血汗工廠的問題存有分歧，也難以解決。所以文章的中心大意是美國(guó)血汗工廠的問題目前最嚴(yán)重的地方是美國(guó)政府對(duì)此的態(tài)度不夠統(tǒng)一和堅(jiān)決。A）太偏，不是講美國(guó)勞工部的職能；B）太泛，沒有指明哪個(gè)問題，也不一定威脅到美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)；C）與文章意思相反，美國(guó)規(guī)范血汗工廠的努力并沒有成功。D）最符合文章主題。 22.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)本文，Kathie Gifford____ ？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題(Understanding details)。這類題一般只針對(duì)文章中某一個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)，也可以涉及若干個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，或者針對(duì)文章的主要事實(shí)而設(shè)問。
【詳細(xì)解答】見文章第一句話“When Kathie Gifford...condemn such practices.”，Kathie Gifford的高利潤(rùn)的服裝廠曝光了，之后她于1996年在報(bào)紙上被廣泛報(bào)道。所以C）為正確答案。A）和B）與本句意思不符，她不是一名工人；D）說她寫文章報(bào)道此事，也不對(duì)。 23.【答案】A。
【譯文】與劃線短語“to submit to” 意思最接近的是下列哪一項(xiàng)？
【試題分析】猜測(cè)詞義題(Guessing at word meaning)。即運(yùn)用一些猜測(cè)生詞詞義的方法，猜測(cè)生詞的含義，以提高閱讀速度和理解能力。
【詳細(xì)解答】可以對(duì)上下文已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯的推理。前面講到克林頓發(fā)起的“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)勒令零售商和制造商對(duì)車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查，他們肯定是不情愿的，但這是總統(tǒng)的命令，所以他們就“不情愿地接受”。B）“冷冷地拒絕”；C）“熱烈地歡迎”；D）“強(qiáng)烈地譴責(zé)”均與上下文意思不符。 24.【答案】B。
【譯文】下列關(guān)于國(guó)防部的陳述哪一項(xiàng)是正確的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題(Making an analysis and a judgment)。即根據(jù)文章中提供的事實(shí)，經(jīng)過分析、思考做出這樣或那樣的判斷選擇。
【詳細(xì)解答】這類題需要事先通讀全文，理解全文主旨，尤其是關(guān)于國(guó)防部的內(nèi)容；然后再將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較，用排除法。A）國(guó)防部是美國(guó)第14大零售服裝制造商，這與文章中retail apparel outlet（零售服裝批發(fā)商店）不符；B）它沒有按照《工作場(chǎng)所操作規(guī)范》行事，這與文章中has not signed the code of conduct正好相符；C）它要求承包商簽署《工作場(chǎng)所操作規(guī)范》，這與文章中it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.相反；D）它要求勞工部發(fā)起一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)，文章中沒有提及。所以，對(duì)比分析可得知B為正確答案。 25.【答案】A。
【譯文】克林頓政府發(fā)起“無血汗”運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的是什么？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解中的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題。這種題常常是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，而不能在原文中直接找到。它要求考生能理解原文中某個(gè)短語或句子的含義，從而找到與答案意思相同的詞語和句子。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段最后一句話“with much fanfare，...，their workplace conditions.”是說，克林頓政府借此小題大做，以勒令制造商們對(duì)車間環(huán)境進(jìn)行定期檢查。關(guān)鍵詞有pressure（強(qiáng)制，壓迫，勒令），to submit to（屈服，服從）。第二段第一句話“this campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Conduct.”更加直接說明了這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的目的，即讓他們簽署并執(zhí)行這一規(guī)范。故A）為正確答案。 Passage Two 內(nèi)容概要:
本文介紹了大眾化投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的基本特征和適用對(duì)象。第一種是股票投資，回報(bào)豐厚，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大；第二種是債券投資，回報(bào)稍少，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也較小，主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是借債人不還和通貨膨脹；第三種是投資現(xiàn)金，回報(bào)較少，通貨膨脹影響也較小。基本原則是：如果你長(zhǎng)期不需要用錢，就投資股票；如果你短期內(nèi)要用錢，就投資債券和現(xiàn)金。 26.【答案】D。
【譯文】文章的目的是給____提供建議？
【試題分析】歸納概括題。需要考生總結(jié)歸納短文(段落)的主題(subject)，中心思想(main idea)，標(biāo)題(title)或作者的寫作目的(purpose)。
【詳細(xì)解答】通讀全文后可知，本文主要介紹了投資的三種渠道，并分析了每種渠道的利弊（即風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度），如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來投資致富，即D所指“如何降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來致富”。A）“如何避免通貨膨脹風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，過于片面；B）“買入哪種債券”，不是文章的主題；C）“如何通過投資股票市場(chǎng)致富”，也過于片面。所以D）為正確答案，可以概括文章中心思想。
27.【答案】D。
【譯文】作者提及洛克菲勒、比爾蓋茨這樣的百萬富翁是想說明____？
【試題分析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章某一部分內(nèi)容推理出作者的言外之意。需要找準(zhǔn)、讀懂這部分內(nèi)容，并分析與文章其它部分之間的聯(lián)系和作用。
【詳細(xì)解答】第一段最后一句話，“But today，...，starting out on his own needs a portfolio.”這是講的今天每個(gè)人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要進(jìn)行證券投資；推到前面一句，那么前面提及的百萬富翁也都是根據(jù)自己的需要開始證券投資而致富的。A）“他們是我們邁向致富之路的榜樣”，不具體，沒有說明如何致富；B）“證券投資對(duì)于經(jīng)濟(jì)成功很關(guān)鍵”，這句話本身是正確的，但與第一段表達(dá)的意思不一致；C）“他們確實(shí)很富裕”，也不是第一段所想要表達(dá)的意思。D）“他們是從自己開始做起的”，這正是第一段所要表達(dá)的意思，即這些百萬富翁是從自己做起開始致富的，而現(xiàn)在每個(gè)人都可以這樣做，緊接著引入下面的投資指南。 28.【答案】D。
【譯文】作者贊同下列哪一項(xiàng)陳述？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。考生盡量考慮文中的全部信息或事實(shí)，在通盤理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上去分析每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正誤。
【詳細(xì)解答】這類題應(yīng)在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，著重比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，采取排除法。A）“只要有一些財(cái)產(chǎn)，每個(gè)人都可以致富”，憑常識(shí)判斷這句話本身就不對(duì)，更與作者想要介紹投資渠道的必要性和方法相悖；B）“購(gòu)買國(guó)債的信譽(yù)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高”，這句話與“The U.S.government stands behind Treasury bonds，so the credit risk is almost nil.”意思完全相反；C）“了解股票、債券和現(xiàn)金的優(yōu)勢(shì)并無用處”，這與作者的觀點(diǎn)相反；D）“每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到金融財(cái)產(chǎn)重新分配的重要性。”這正是第一段作者所說的“每個(gè)人都可以根據(jù)自己的需要采用不同的投資方式致富”的前提。故選D）。 29.【答案】B。
【譯文】第三段中的“returns”可以由以下哪個(gè)詞替代？ 【試題分析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上下文來猜測(cè)生詞的含義。
【詳細(xì)解答】該詞本身的意思是“回來，回報(bào)”，再看句子“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”是說股票有更高的回報(bào)，但風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大；我們憑常識(shí)判斷，股票的回報(bào)就是“賺錢，利潤(rùn)”。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，B）profits（利潤(rùn)）正確。
30.【答案】C。
【譯文】文章的作者指出____
【試題分析】分析判斷題。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，看哪一個(gè)符合作者的意思。
【詳細(xì)解答】“作者指出”可以是文章中直接提到的，也可以是作者的言外之意，要結(jié)合文章判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身是否正確。A）“保留現(xiàn)金是避免風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的唯一方式”，作者鼓勵(lì)合理投資，顯然這不是作者意思；B）“你持有股票越久，你損失越大。”這句話本身有誤，文章中也沒有提及；C）“高利潤(rùn)和高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在股票市場(chǎng)中同時(shí)存在”，這正是第三段中“stocks pay higher returns but are more risky.”意思，所以正確；D）“積累財(cái)富最好的方式是投資股票”，作者在文章最后明確指出“如果你長(zhǎng)期不需要用錢，就投資股票；如果你短期要用，就投資債券和現(xiàn)金。”所以該項(xiàng)也不正確。 Passage Three 內(nèi)容概要:
本文介紹了兩種基本統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的發(fā)展及它們的應(yīng)用。第一種是描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法，包括計(jì)算、測(cè)量、列表、排序、描述以及調(diào)查，既可統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)量也可統(tǒng)計(jì)質(zhì)量；第二種是推理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法，主要是抽樣分析，然后推而廣之，得出結(jié)論。 31.【答案】A。
【譯文】本文主要講述什么？
【試題分析】典型的歸納概括題，要求考生歸納總結(jié)文章的中心思想。
【詳細(xì)解答】首先細(xì)想一下全文的內(nèi)容概要，再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A）“統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用”，正是文章所講的主要內(nèi)容；B）“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”的起源，只說了文章中很小的一個(gè)方面；C）“推理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的局限性”，文章中沒有提及；D）“統(tǒng)計(jì)的重要性”，不是本文的重點(diǎn)。綜合比較，A）正確。 32.【答案】B。
【譯文】描述和列表與____相關(guān)？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。找到文章中相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，理解其含義，然后做答。
【詳細(xì)解答】從文章的第二段可以得知，描述和列表是描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)方法的兩種形式。再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A）“推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，沒有任何關(guān)系；B）“描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)”，正好相關(guān)；C）“可能性理論”，從第一段末可知，該理論是用于推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)的；D）“計(jì)算的無效”，與文章內(nèi)容不符。故選B）。 33.【答案】C。
【譯文】關(guān)于描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)下列哪一個(gè)陳述是正確的？ 【試題分析】分析判斷題。對(duì)比分析，存真去偽。
【詳細(xì)解答】仔細(xì)比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A）“它將數(shù)量變量和質(zhì)量變量結(jié)合起來了”，這誤解了第二段中第二句話“either...or...”句型，要么是數(shù)量變量，要么是質(zhì)量變量；B）“它只能用來處理數(shù)量變量”，也與上面句型含義相悖；C）“它有助于總結(jié)一組數(shù)據(jù)的特征”，這正是第二段最后一句話“Large masses of data...the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的含義；D）“它有助于使用觀察抽樣進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)”，這是推理性統(tǒng)計(jì)。所以選C）。 34.【答案】B。
【譯文】與第二段中“unwieldy” 單詞意思最接近的是____
【試題分析】猜測(cè)詞義題。通過上下文的含義猜測(cè)生詞的詞義，將四個(gè)選項(xiàng)分別放到原句子中去比較也不失為一種好辦法。
【詳細(xì)解答】第二段最后一句話“Large masses of data...the properties of an otherwise unwieldy mass of data.”的意思是說，大量的數(shù)據(jù)群必須要有一個(gè)總結(jié)或減收的過程，以從可能是亂七八糟的數(shù)據(jù)群中找出其特征，關(guān)鍵詞是otherwise，表示前后有個(gè)對(duì)比。可見后面提及的unwieldy mass of data是難以處理的數(shù)據(jù)。再看四個(gè)選項(xiàng)：A）“難以收集”，文章沒有提收集；B）“難以處理”，與上下文正好相符；C）“不可理解的”，前面說將它們整理成容易理解的形式，可見它們還是“可以理解的”；D）“不可控制的”，與句意不符。故選B）。 35.【答案】A。
【譯文】人口抽樣經(jīng)常用于下列目的，哪一項(xiàng)除外？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。找到文章中關(guān)于人口抽樣的內(nèi)容，再進(jìn)行比較選擇。但要注意選的是除外的那一項(xiàng)。 【詳細(xì)解答】文章最后一段講到抽樣100個(gè)小孩來進(jìn)行分析預(yù)測(cè)。A）“進(jìn)行更加準(zhǔn)確的趨勢(shì)預(yù)測(cè)”，抽樣本身就不可能是為了更加“準(zhǔn)確”，所以A錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該選A。B）“提高效率，避免不必要工作”，這正是抽樣的作用；C）“省去找每個(gè)成員的麻煩”，這也正是人口抽樣的優(yōu)勢(shì)；D）“預(yù)測(cè)全體人群的特征”，正是人口抽樣的目的。所以選A）。 Passage Four 內(nèi)容概要:
本文介紹了機(jī)器人在日本的迅速發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用。機(jī)器人在實(shí)際工作崗位上可以替代工人完成大量的工作，并表現(xiàn)出諸多的優(yōu)勢(shì)。正因?yàn)闄C(jī)器人的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，日本人通常要舉行隆重的儀式歡迎機(jī)器人投入工廠作業(yè)。日本著名的機(jī)器人專家伊納巴博士發(fā)明了大量機(jī)器人，正夢(mèng)想著統(tǒng)治全世界的機(jī)器人行業(yè)。 36.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，下列哪一項(xiàng)對(duì)于日本人來講是不正確的？
【試題分析】分析判斷題。通讀全文，并仔細(xì)比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)；但要注意選擇不正確的那一項(xiàng)。
【詳細(xì)解答】在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。A）是第一段第三句話的原話，所以正確；B）“機(jī)器人意味著人們不必從事骯臟和吵鬧的工作”，與第一段第四句話含義有所區(qū)別，原文是說，有了機(jī)器人人們就沒有必要“忍受（put
up with）骯臟、吵鬧的工作，所以B與原文意思不完全一致；C）和D）也是文章中所提及的。相比較，A）、C）和D）都是文章中的原話，只有B）不符原意。故選B。 37.【答案】C。
【譯文】“他在為機(jī)器人舉行典禮儀式時(shí)，說這樣的話‘歡迎光臨我們的這位同事，我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來。’沒有一個(gè)人笑”，從這句話可以推斷出什么？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。理解這句話的含義，然后推理出其中的深層含義，可進(jìn)行比較選擇。
【詳細(xì)解答】這句話是對(duì)上帝說的。在場(chǎng)的人都很肅穆，沒有一個(gè)人笑，說明日本人在這種場(chǎng)合表現(xiàn)出虔誠(chéng)，這是對(duì)機(jī)器人的一種尊敬。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C）最符合原意。日本人不笑并不能說明他們沒有幽默感，也不是沒有聽懂牧師的話，他們的尊敬也沒有過頭，所以A）、B）、D）均不符題意。 38.【答案】A。
【譯文】下列關(guān)于FANUC的陳述哪一個(gè)不正確？ 【試題分析】分析判斷題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章倒數(shù)第二段中提到FANUC，這是日本一家專門研制機(jī)器人的公司。A）“工人們?cè)诩影鄷r(shí)會(huì)有更高的回報(bào)”，可是文章中有一句話：“However，workers are expected to put in demanding unpaid overtime.”這種overtime是unpaid（沒有報(bào)酬的），所A不正確。B）、C）、D）選項(xiàng)均為文章中的原話。故選A）。 39.【答案】A。
【譯文】“我們禁不住這樣認(rèn)為，如果他也想到將他的機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)為邊工作邊吹口哨，那么他統(tǒng)治全世界機(jī)器人行業(yè)和相關(guān)應(yīng)用的夢(mèng)想就會(huì)更加?jì)寡诺貙?shí)現(xiàn)。”下列哪句話不是由這段文字推斷出來的？ 【試題分析】分析判斷題。
【詳細(xì)解答】這段文字中think的賓語從句中使用的是虛擬語氣，表示不可能的假設(shè)，同時(shí)對(duì)Inada沒有想到這樣做表示一種遺憾和惋惜。A）是表示我們的技術(shù)還不足以讓Inada實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，原文中是說他的夢(mèng)想會(huì)更加?jì)寡诺貙?shí)現(xiàn)，意即他的夢(mèng)想已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)，所以A錯(cuò)；B）和C）均是說他的夢(mèng)想太現(xiàn)實(shí)，缺乏人性，他設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)器人并沒有邊工作邊吹口哨（這代表一種休閑的工作方式），而作者認(rèn)為這樣，所以B和C均對(duì)；D）是說作者贊同Inada博士的夢(mèng)想，從文字的語氣中可以得知作者是希望他實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的，而且還提出了更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想的建議，所以D也對(duì)。根據(jù)題意的要求，選A。 40.【答案】B。
【譯文】“歡迎光臨我們的這位同事，我們希望你能幫助他安頓下來。”這句話中的“co-worker”指什么？ 【試題分析】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)文中的指代名詞，這需要分析這個(gè)指代名詞的真正所指。
【詳細(xì)解答】這句話中，這位同事（co-worker）顯然與后半句中的“他”是同指，“他”安頓下來，那么“他”指什么呢？結(jié)合這是機(jī)器人投入使用的典禮儀式，是誰安頓下來呢？顯然就是即將投入使用的機(jī)器人。所以“這位同事”（co-worker）是指即將投入使用的機(jī)器人，即B。
Part Ⅴ 寫作指導(dǎo)：
這是一篇限制性提綱作文。由于已經(jīng)給出了寫作主題和段落模式，所以必須緊扣標(biāo)題，嚴(yán)格遵守提綱，達(dá)到規(guī)定字?jǐn)?shù)。構(gòu)思時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)一定要清晰，建議使用四段式，第一段綜述，第二、三段分述，第四段做總結(jié)，二、三段是重點(diǎn)。可將提綱中的兩點(diǎn)作為第二段和第三段的主題句，但不要逐字翻譯，然后再找2～3個(gè)與主題相關(guān)的素材展開說明。另外還需注意：①寫好第一句話。這樣容易給閱卷者留下一個(gè)好印象，最好能用上一個(gè)漂亮的復(fù)合句，里面再用上2～3個(gè)難的單詞或詞組，但不能出錯(cuò)。②在寫作時(shí)盡量多用長(zhǎng)句，少用短句，適當(dāng)加入幾個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的句子。可多用連接性的詞組或單詞，如first，second，moreover，for one thing...for another，on the one hand...on the other hand等等。可以把它們置于段首或文中比較顯著的位置，這樣會(huì)使文章更具條理性。③注意結(jié)尾的時(shí)候要點(diǎn)題，把自己的觀點(diǎn)明確說出來。文章不要寫得太長(zhǎng)，這樣容易引起閱卷者的反感，達(dá)到字?jǐn)?shù)就可以了。④如有可能，適當(dāng)加上一兩句名言或是諺語，以顯示你的水平。最后要注意沒有語法錯(cuò)誤，并保持卷面干凈整潔。
本文可以這樣寫：首先第一段介紹在生活和工作節(jié)奏不斷加快的今天，人們會(huì)碰到各種各樣的個(gè)人危機(jī)，如：工作事業(yè)上的，婚戀家庭上的，人際關(guān)系上的等等；第二段則按照提綱中的第一點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)分析造成個(gè)人危機(jī)的起因，主要有自身處理事物能力不足，外部環(huán)境較為不利，以及運(yùn)氣不佳等等；第三段則根據(jù)提綱中第二點(diǎn)提出應(yīng)對(duì)個(gè)人危機(jī)的方法，要根據(jù)第二段中的起因來提應(yīng)對(duì)方法，可以寫需要個(gè)人有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志毅力和不懈的努力奮斗，積極改善外部環(huán)境，善于抓住機(jī)遇；第四段可以適應(yīng)發(fā)揮，進(jìn)一步闡明自己的觀點(diǎn)，并提出希望。 當(dāng)然，也可以按照提綱就寫兩段，只要說清問題即可。 參考范文：
How to Deal with Personal Crisis Since different person may come across different crisis，it is difficult to answer why personal crisis will happen and what leads to the situation.It depends.But the main origins and causes can be concluded in the following three aspects： lack of strong mind and personal incompetence to overcome difficulty，disadvantageous surroundings，and bad luck.Only when one person does well in all these three aspects，can he or she avoid personal crisis.
But anyway，All is not lost that is in danger.Every cloud has a silver lining.One will surely come out from the crisis if he masters the right methods.At first，he should envisage the crisis with the right eye.And then，he should be strongly-minded and be perseverant all the time.Thirdly，he should try his best to improve relation with his boss，colleagues，partners，friends，and his family members in order to get a better surrounding.At last，he should try to grasp every chance to make progress.In this way，the crisis can be transferred to success.
本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn) 10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：
simultaneous: 同時(shí)發(fā)生的〒
deteriorate:（使）惡化
migrate:（使）移居，移往
eligible: 符合條件的，合格的 alternate: 交替，輪流，改變
cook: 廚師 self-conscious: 有自知之明的 minimum:最低限度的，最小量 distribute: 分發(fā)，分配，分布
competent: 能夠勝任的，有能力的 4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：
start out: 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身，起家 settle in: 安頓，遷入
coincide with: 與??一致，與??同時(shí)發(fā)生 on the course of: 在??的過程中
中國(guó)名校六級(jí)密卷(2)
北京師范大學(xué)外文學(xué)院 范 民
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions: There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Let children learn to judge their own work.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time.If corrected too much, he will stop talking.He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use.Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like what other people say.In the same way, when children learn to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught—to work, run, climb, whistle, or ride a bicycle.They compare those performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes.But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his own mistakes for himself, let alone correct them.We do it all for him.We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to.soon he becomes dependent on the teacher.Let him do it himself.Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book.Let him correct his own papers.Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer.Let’s end this nonsense of grades, exams and marks.Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some day learn, that is, how to measure their own understanding and how to know what they know or do not know.Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it.The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one’s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours.Anxious parents and teachers say, “But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get in the world? Don’t worry!if it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it.”
21.What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things? A)By making mistakes and having them pointed out by others. B)By having their mistakes corrected.
C)By noticing their problems and making changes. D)By listening to explanations from skilled people.
22.According to the passage, a teacher’s duty is to____. A)providing students with help when necessary
B)finding out students’ mistakes and correcting them
C)teaching students the essential knowledge that they will need in their future life D)telling students the correct answers
23.The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are____. A)not really important skills
B)more important than other skills C)basically the same in that we learn by practising and making changes D)quite different in terms of the way of learning
24.Exams, grades, and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be assessed by ____. A)educated persons
B)the children themselves C)teachers D)parents
25.The author fears that if adults always correct mistakes for children, children will grow up to be____.
A)fearful of making mistakes B)too critical of themselves
C)unable to think for themselves
D)unable to use basic skillsPassage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers.Its shrilling clamour（喧鬧聲）dominates our lives.It shouts at us from the television screens and the radio loudspeakers;waves to us from every page of the newspaper;plucks at our sleeves on the escalator;signals to us from the road-side billboards all day and flashes messages to us in coloured lights at night.
Advertising has been among England’s biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrate achievement.Why all this fantastic expenditure?
Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it.The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors.So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find eleven ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they finish it, by pretending that it gives status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness.If the advertising agency can do this authoritatively enough, the manufacturer is in clover(養(yǎng)尊處優(yōu)).
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product.And manufacturers hate change.The ideal product is or another, some alteration seems called for how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.
26.According to the passage modern advertising becomes one of the most prosperous industries because____.
A)people are more concerned with the image of a product rather than the product itself B)it saves manufacturers from considering how the products can appeal to customers C)there are all kinds of media available
D)there are many excellent advertisers who can make their voices authoritative 27.The forms of advertising mentioned in paragraph 1 would have least impact ____. A)in the rush hours B)during working hours C)before working hours D)after working hours
28．According to the passage, a designer of products is preoccupied with the following problems EXCEPT ____.
A)customer appeal B)man-hour
C)machine tolerance D)stress factors
29.Advertisers are appreciated by manufacturers because they ____. A)advise them on ways of giving a product customer appeal B)accept responsibility for giving a product customer appeal C)advise them on the best time to go ahead with production D)consult them during the design and development stages 30．According to the last paragraph, if changes are called for, some manufactures are more willing to change ____. A)the image of a product B)the function of a product C)the quality of a product
D)the price of a productPassage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Telecommuting—substituting the computer for the trip to the job—has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.
For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts.For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes tardiness and absenteeism by eliminating commutes, allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility.In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour congestion and improve air quality.
But these benefits do not come easily.Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images.
Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter.A computer programmer from New York City moves to the tranquil Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer.A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two.An accountant stays home to care for her sick child: she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.
These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality.Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time.Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize, much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family.Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done.Management, too, must separate the myth from reality.Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees’ situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.
That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs or policy guidelines remains small.
31．Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem related to office work? A)Wasting time in traffic.
B)The conflict between child-care and work. C)The inflexible schedule.
D)The high expense on office equipment.
32．According to the passage, how does telecommuting benefit management? A)It enables workers to work intensively without being disturbed by colleagues. B)It can reduce the rush-hour congestion. C)It can free workers from office.
D)It can stabilize the staff since they can better take care of the family. 33．What subject does the passage mainly talk about? A)Business management strategies. B)The use of computer.
C)The life style of telecommuters.
D)Extending the workplace by means of computers. 34．According to the passage, the idea of telecommuting is not very realistic because____. A)it’s difficult to take care of small children and concentrate on work at the same time B)computer technology is not advanced enough C)electrical malfunctions can destroy a project
D)the workers do not always have all the needed resources at home
35.Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?
A)A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station.
B)A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home. C)A computer technician repairing an office computer network.
D)A teacher directing computer assisted learning in a private school.Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The world has spent on preparation for war more than $112 billion a year, roughly $450 per head for every man, woman, and child in the world.Let us consider for a moment what could be done with this sum of money if it were spent on peace and not on war.Some of it, at any rate, in the more prosperous countries, could be spent on the reduction of taxation.The rest should be spent in ways that will, at the same time, be of benefit to mankind and a solution to the economic problem of change from war industry to the expansion of peace industries.As to this expansion, let us begin with the most elementary of all needs, namely, food.Today, the majority of mankind suffers from undernourishment, and in view of the population explosion, this situation is likely to grow worse in the coming decades.A very small part of what is now being spent upon weapons would improve our predicament.Not only could the American surplus of grain, which was for many years uselessly destroyed, be spent in relief of famine, but, by irrigation, large region now desert could be made fertile, and by improvement in transport, distribution from regions of excess to regions of scarcity could be helped.
Housing, even in the richest countries, is often disastrously inadequate.This could be relieved by a tiny fraction of what is being spent on missiles.Education everywhere, but especially in the newly liberated countries of Africa and Asia, demands an expenditure many times as great as that which it receives now.But it is not only greater expenditure that is needed in education.If the terror of war were removed, science could be devoted to improving human welfare, instead of to the invention of increasingly expensive methods of mutual killing, and schools would no longer think it a part of their duty to promote hatred of possible enemies by means of ignorance hardened by lies.
36.According to the passage, the problem of famine can be relieved by the following means EXCEPT ____.
A)increasing taxes in rich countries
B)distributing food from regions of excess to regions of scarcity C)controlling population explosion D)developing irrigating techniques
37．Which of the following is not mentioned as benefits derived from diverting money spent on war to peaceful purposes? A)Taxes could be reduced.
B)Better housing could be provided. C)Famine could be relieved.
D)Population explosion could be controlled.
38．It can be inferred that the author’s attitude is ____. A)ideal B)pessimistic C)pragmatic D)optimistic
39．It can be inferred that schools of today often have to ____. A)teach knowledge of war
B)promote hatred towards possible enemies C)teach students not to tell lies D)close due to inadequate funds
40．The bold word “undernourishment”(Line 9, Para.1)most probably means ____.
A)war disaster B)poverty
C)lack of nutrition D)certain disease
Part Ⅴ Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Pressure in Modern Life.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below: 1.現(xiàn)代生活充滿壓力； 2.壓力對(duì)人身心的影響； 3.如何緩解壓力。答案與詳解 Part Ⅱ Passage One
內(nèi)容概要:本篇文章談到學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)語言時(shí)，教師總是習(xí)慣于指出并糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤，這種方法是不妥的。語言的學(xué)習(xí)和其他技能的學(xué)習(xí)一樣，學(xué)生可以在實(shí)踐的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，做出相應(yīng)改變。教師的過多干涉只會(huì)增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的依賴型，因此不可取。教師的職責(zé)是在學(xué)生需要時(shí)給予幫助，使學(xué)生對(duì)自己的能力做出正確評(píng)價(jià)。 21.【答案】C。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨認(rèn)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章指出，孩子們學(xué)習(xí)很多技能和學(xué)習(xí)語言一樣，犯了錯(cuò)誤不需要總是被指出并糾正，他們會(huì)自覺地與其他人做比較，從而發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，并且做出改變，故選項(xiàng)C正確。 22.【答案】A。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨認(rèn)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章有這樣的句子“Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can’t find a way to get the right answer”，因此教師的任務(wù)不是給他們正確答案，也不是糾正他們的錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)文中“The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one's life nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours.” 的意思，作者認(rèn)為在這個(gè)復(fù)雜多變的社會(huì)里，教師的任務(wù)也不應(yīng)僅僅是傳授一些必需的知識(shí)，故只有A正確。 23.【答案】C。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章指出，學(xué)習(xí)語言和學(xué)習(xí)其他技能如同騎自行車一樣，需要在使用這種技能的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，并做出相應(yīng)的變化，這樣才能得到提高。故C符合文章的本意。 24.【答案】B。
【試題分析】推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章指出孩子們要學(xué)習(xí)和知道的并不是所謂的正確答案，重要的是要對(duì)自己已知和未知的東西有一個(gè)正確的了解，因此只有他們才能對(duì)自己的能力做出正確評(píng)價(jià)。 25.【答案】C。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章指出，如果教師總是指出并糾正學(xué)生的錯(cuò)誤，學(xué)生就會(huì)過于依賴教師而不會(huì)自己做出判斷，故C正確。 Passage Two
內(nèi)容概要:本文談到廣告在人們的生活中無處不在，無孔不入，廣告業(yè)也成為二戰(zhàn)后英國(guó)最興盛的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一，原因在于廣告可使廠家不必再花費(fèi)心思于如何吸引顧客，他們可以把這一切都交給廣告商的包裝和宣傳。 26.【答案】B。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第三段談及了廣告業(yè)興旺的原因：“Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer”，即廠家不必再去考慮如何吸引顧客，而是把它交給廣告。故B正確。 27.【答案】B。
【試題分析】推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段列舉了廣告進(jìn)入人們生活的各種途徑，如電視、收音機(jī)、報(bào)紙、地鐵站等，所有這些都是人們?cè)诼吠局谢蛐蓍e時(shí)聽到或看到的，而不是在上班時(shí)間，故B。 28.【答案】A。
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文中第三段“The designer is busy enough without adding customer appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerances and stress factors”可知答案為A。 29.【答案】B。
【試題分析】推斷題。
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章第三段，廠家可以不必去考慮如何吸引顧客，而把這些都交給廣告商。因此應(yīng)選B，即廣告商要承擔(dān)使產(chǎn)品更具吸引力的任務(wù)。 30.【答案】A。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】最后一段的大意是某些廠家寧愿通過廣告改變產(chǎn)品的形象，而不愿去花費(fèi)心思改變產(chǎn)品本身。故答案為A。 Passage Three
內(nèi)容概要:本文針對(duì)使用電腦在家辦公這樣一種新的工作方式發(fā)表評(píng)論，指出它雖然有若干好處，但在某些方面并不現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此真正實(shí)行用電腦在家辦公的公司并不多。 31.【答案】D。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從第二段可以看出，A,B,C項(xiàng)都是在普通的辦公室工作中存在的，人們希望通過在家辦公來解決的問題，只有D項(xiàng)沒有提到，故選D。 32.【答案】A。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從文章第二段“telecommuting...allows periods of solitude for high concentration tasks”可以得知，在家辦公對(duì)于管理方的好處在于員工可以更專心地投入那些需要注意力高度集中的工作。故選項(xiàng)A正確。 33.【答案】D。
【試題分析】主旨題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章主要討論了一種新的工作方式——使用電腦在家辦公，因此D（通過電腦使工作空間擴(kuò)大）是正確選項(xiàng)。 34.【答案】A。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從文中第五段句子“Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。 35.【答案】B。
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】本題問的是哪一項(xiàng)是文章所給的使用計(jì)算機(jī)在家辦公的例子。根據(jù)文章第四段中“A computer programmer...stays in contact with her office via computer”可知，只有B與之相符。 Passage Four
內(nèi)容概要:文章指出全世界每年花費(fèi)巨額的金錢用于為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)做準(zhǔn)備，如果將這筆錢用于和平的目的，會(huì)解決當(dāng)今世界面臨的許多問題，從而大大改善人們的生活。 36.【答案】A。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段指出，當(dāng)今世界很多地方還沒有解決溫飽問題，而人口的膨脹使這個(gè)問題在下一個(gè)十年會(huì)變得更加嚴(yán)重。文章還提出，通過發(fā)展灌溉和交通，這個(gè)問題有望得到緩解。故應(yīng)選A。 37.【答案】D。
【試題分析】事實(shí)辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章提到將用于軍備的錢用于和平的目的，能夠減少稅收、改善居住條件、解決溫飽問題。只有D未被提到，故應(yīng)選D。 38.【答案】B。
【試題分析】推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通觀全文，可以看出作者用大部分篇幅描述當(dāng)今世界面臨的各種問題，其態(tài)度基本上是悲觀的。 39.【答案】B。
【試題分析】推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章最后一句話，在目前情況下，學(xué)校常常不得不教育孩子們，以期在孩子的心目中制造對(duì)假想敵人的仇恨，故選B。40.【答案】C。
【試題分析】詞匯題。
【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)上下文，此處探討的是有些地區(qū)面臨的溫飽問題，故只有C（缺乏營(yíng)養(yǎng)）貼近詞意。
Part Ⅴ 寫作指導(dǎo)：
本文第一段適合使用舉例法，說明現(xiàn)代生活中人們要承受哪些壓力。第二段要注意從身心兩方面（physically and psychologically）說明壓力的影響，因?yàn)榈谌我勅绾尉徑鈮毫Γ试诖藨?yīng)側(cè)重負(fù)面影響，而對(duì)正面影響可以一帶而過。第三段提出解決方法。注意各段的主題句要清晰、明確。 參考范文：
Pressure in Modern Life
People are faced with more and more pressure in modern life.Adults have to compete with one another for better jobs, higher pays, desirable prizes and opportunities of promotion.Even small children have to compete in order to obtain opportunities to receive better education.Therefore, life in the modern society is quite stressful.Although pressure can motivate people to make greater efforts in their work and study, it does a lot of harm to people’s physical and psychological health.For example, people easily get tired under pressure.And constant pressure contributes to many other negative aspects of mental state, such as irritability, tension, gloominess, restlessness, etc.
It is necessary to relax yourself and get rid of the negative consequences of pressure.For example, when you are having too much pressure, it is advisable to listen to some light music or take part in some sports activities.It is also helpful to talk to a close friend about what is on your mind, or take a trip so that your attention can be diverted from the task for some time.All these activities can help you to reduce pressure and handle tasks more effectively and efficiently.本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn) 10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：
adjust:調(diào)整，校準(zhǔn)；適應(yīng) mobile: 活動(dòng)的，流動(dòng)的 carry: 傳送，輸送 issue:指刊物的一期 deserve: 值得，應(yīng)該享有，名副其實(shí) approach:后面接介詞to，表示方法、步驟 release:發(fā)布（新聞），發(fā)行（電影）；釋放，放開 convey: 表達(dá)，傳達(dá)（思想、感情等） advisable: 明智的，可取的 complicated: 復(fù)雜的 4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：
break off： 突然停止，中斷
take to： 養(yǎng)成某種愛好，變得喜歡（經(jīng)常）做某事 call for： 應(yīng)當(dāng)，需要（采取某行動(dòng)），要求（有） at random： 隨便地，任意地??
中國(guó)名校六級(jí)密卷(3)
上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)新聞傳播學(xué)院 李美 Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary.Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies.In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old.It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language.Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities.The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech.And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn.Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation.Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild（行會(huì)）.The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way.Furthermore, what is called “popular science” makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries.Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy.Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.21.Special words used in technical discussion____. A)never last long
B)should be confined to scientific fields C)may become part of common speech D)are considered artificial language speech 22.It is true that____.
A)everyone is interested in scientific findings
B)the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for him
C)an educated person would be expected to know most technical terms
D)various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons 23.In recent years,there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology of____.
A)fishery
B)farmingC)government D)sports24.The writer of the article was, undoubtedly ____.
A)a linguist B)an attorneyC)a scientist D)an essayist 25.The author’s main purpose in the passage is to____. A)describe a phenomenon B)propose a solution C)be entertaining D)argue a belief Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War.Crude oil, or petroleum—a dark, thick ooze（滲出物，分泌物）from the earth—had been known for hundreds of years.But little use had ever been made of it.In the 1850’s Samuel M.Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local seepage and refining it into kerosene.Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps.It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get.Soon there was a large demand for kerosene.People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by E.L.Drake,a retired railroad conductor.In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville,Pennsylvania.The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it“Drake’s Folly.”But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters),Drake struck oil.His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene.By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold” all over western Pennsylvania.The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.Crude oil could be refined into many products.For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one.It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door.In the 1880’s and 1890’s refiners learned how to make other products such as waxes and lubricating oils.Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heating oil.26.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E.L.Drake had made a mistake by ____. A)moving Pennsylvania B)retiring from his job C)searching for oil
D)going on a whaling expedition
27.According to the passage, what is “black gold”? A)Gold ore.B)Sstolen money. C)Whale oil.D)Crude oil.
28.Why does the author mention the California gold rush? A)To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth. B)To argue that gold was more valuable than oil.
C)To describe the mood when oil was first discovered. D)To explain the need for an increased supply of gold.
29.The author mentions all of the following as possible products of crude oil EXCEPT____.
A)gasoline B)kerosene
C)wax
D)plastic30.What might be the best title for the passage? A)Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective. B)Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel.
C)The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly. D)Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted. Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
For about three centuries we have been doing science, trying science out, using science for the construction of what we call modern civilization.Every dispensable item of contemporary technology, from canal locks to dial telephones to penicillin, was pieced together from the analysis of data provided by one or another series of scientific experiments.Three hundred years seems a long time for testing a new approach to human interliving, long enough to settle back for critical appraisal of the scientific method, maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not.There is an argument. Voices have been raised in protest since the beginning, rising in pitch and violence in the nineteenth century during the early stages of the industrial revolution, summoning urgent crowds into the streets any day these days on the issue of nuclear energy.Give it back, say some of the voices, it doesn’t really work, we’ve tried it and it doesn’t work, go back three hundred years and start again on something else less chancy for the race of man. The principle discoveries in this century, taking all in all, are the glimpses of the depth of our ignorance about nature.Things that used to seem clear and rational, matters of absolute certainty-Newtonian mechanics, for example-have slipped through our fingers, and we are left with a new set of gigantic puzzles, cosmic uncertainties, ambiguities;some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.
Just thirty years ago we call it a biological revolution when the fantastic geometry of the DNA molecule was exposed to public view and the linear language of genetics was decoded.For a while, things seemed simple and clear, the cell was a neat little machine, a mechanical device ready for taking to pieces and reassembling, like a tiny watch.But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do.What lies ahead, or what can lie ahead if the efforts in basic research are continued, is much more than the conquest of human disease or the improvement of agricultural technology or the cultivation of nutrients in the sea.As we learn more about fundamental processes of living things in general we will learn more about ourselves.31.What can’ t be inferred from the 1st paragraph?
A)Scientific experiments in the past three hundred years have produced many valuable items.
B)For three hundred years there have been people holding hostile attitude toward science.
C)Modern civilization depends on science so man supports scientific progress unanimously.
D)Three hundred years is not long enough to settle back critical appraisal of scientific method.
32.The principle discovery in this century shows ____.
A)man has overthrown Newton’ s laws of physics B)man has solved a new set of gigantic puzzles C)man has lost many scientific discoveries D)man has given up some of the once accepted theories 33.Now scientists have found in the past few years____. A)the exposure of DNA to the public is unnecessary B)the tiny cell in DNA is a neat little machine C)man knows nothing about DNA D)man has much to learn about DNA 34.The writer’s main purpose in writing the passage is to say that ____. A)science is just at its beginning B)science has greatly improved man’s life C)science has made profound progress D)science has done too little to human beings 35.The writer’s attitude towards science is ____. A)critical B)approving C)neutral D)regretful Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
Efforts to educate people about the risks of substance abuse（毒品濫用）seem to deter some people from using dangerous substances, if such efforts are realistic about what is genuinely dangerous and what is not.Observed declines in the use of such drugs as LSD, PCP, and quaaludes since the early 1970s are probably related to increased awareness of the risks of their use, and some of this awareness was the result of warnings about these drugs in “ underground ”papers read by drug users.Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message.Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.This is illustrated by the popularity among young marijuana users of Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s.This film made the rounds of college campuses in the 1970s and joined rock music videos on cable television’s MTV in the 1980s.Instead of deterring marijuana use, it became a cult（風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的）film among users, many of whom got high to watch it. Although persuasion can work for some people if it is balanced and reasonable, other people seem immune to the most reasoned educational efforts.Millions have started smoking even though the considerable health risks of smoking have been well known and publicized for years.Moreover, the usefulness of education lies in primary prevention: prevention of abuse among those who presently have no problem.Hence, Bomier’s contention that “if the Pepsi generation can be persuaded to drink pop wine, they can be persuaded not to drink it while driving” is probably not correct, since most drunken driving is done by people who already have significant drinking problems, and hence seem not to be dissuaded even by much stronger measures such as loss of a driver’s license.36.According to the passage, up to now, antidrug education____. A)has made all people see the danger of drugs B)has succeeded in dissuading people from using drugs C)has been effective only to a certain degree D)has proved to be a total failure 37.The film “Reefer Madness” mentioned in the passage____. A)effectively deterred marijuana use B)was rejected by young marijuana users C)did not picture the danger of marijuana realistically D)was welcomed by marijuana users because it told them how to get high 38.The message “all drugs are terrible for you” is not influential because____. A)it ignores the fact that drugs vary greatly in danger B)it gives a false account of the risks of drug use C)some drugs are good for health D)it does not appear in underground papers 39.According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A)Even balanced and reasonable antidrug persuasion is influential only to some people. B)Most drug users are ignorant of the danger of drugs. C)Punishments such as loss of a driver’s license do not seem to be an effective way to stop drunken driving. D)Primary prevention is a useful principle to be followed in antidrug education. 40.The best title for the passage would be ____. A)Are All Drugs Terrible for You? B)Do People Believe What Underground Papers Say? C)Is There an Increased Awareness of the Risks of Drugs? D)Can Persuasion Reduce Drug Abuse? Part Ⅴ Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition based on the following news extracted from newspaper, commenting on what had happened and giving your own understanding of it.You should write at least 150 words and give your own writing an appropriate title. “香港著名影、視、歌三棲明星張國(guó)榮四月一日從香港某高層樓縱身跳下，自殺身亡??” ——《新民晚報(bào)》 Section B Passage One
William Shakespeare was christened in the market town of Stratford on Avon, Warwickshire, on April 26,1564;traditionally, his actual birthday was three days earlier, on St.George’s day, the same day as his death fifty-two years later.His father, John, was a respected middle-class trader, and his mother, Mary Arden, came from a family of local landowners.It seems probable that young William received a fair education(for his day)at the local Grammar School;at the age of eighteen he married a girl eight years older than himself, Anne Hathaway, who gave him a child the following year and twins in 1585.Little else is known of his early life, and so we cannot tell what made him decide to leave Stratford in 1586 for London, where he stayed until 1611.In London he must soon have attracted attention, because by 1592 he was a popular enough writer and actor to be laughed at by an older dramatist as an uneducated Jack of all trades.He is mentioned as
being among the principal actors of the city as early as 1598, and in 1599 we find that he is a member of the company running the Globe Theater, with one-tenth interest in the profits-showing a business sense rarely seen in his fellow writers.His popularity is indicated by the fact that not only were his own plays published under his name, which was a rare procedure in his day, but also plays by others are to be found attributed to him, as if to indicate that his name alone would promise a good sale.11.When did William Shakespeare die? 12.When did Shakespeare and his wife have their first child? 13.Which one can we infer from the article? 14.Which of the following is true? Passage Two
Centuries ago, during the Middle Ages, most of the land in Europe was owned by many different kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies.They did not all get along.They were always fighting.They all wanted to get more land.To protect themselves, they started building huge homes out of stone.They called their homes castles.
A castle was built behind a strong stonewall.The wall was five or six feet thick and ten to twenty feet high.A deep ditch called a moat was dug around the outside of the wall.It was often filled with water, and the only way anyone could enter the castle was to cross a drawbridge.The drawbridge could be raised or lowered over the moat from inside the castle walls.There was also a tunnel that began in the castle and ended at the moat.This was important in case the castle was captured.It allowed the king and queen to escape.They could swim across the moat and hide in the forest.
Living in a castle was not very comfortable.The rooms were cold and damp.Every room could have a fire burning in a great fireplace, but until the twelfth century castles did not have chimneys.The smoke from their fireplaces had to go out through open doors and windows. Meals often had ten or twelve courses.The meat might be wild boar or birds that were boiled or roasted over an open fire.All the food was highly seasoned.People even put pepper in their drinks!
The people sat at a long table and ate with their fingers and a knife, all picking their food from the same big dish.They had no napkins.Therefore, they often wiped their hands on pieces of bread.When their fingers were clean, they threw the bread to their hunting dogs.15.Which of the following statements is NOT true about castles? 16.What can be inferred from the people’s eating habit in a castle? 17.What is the main topic of this passage? Passage Three
Years ago before there were refrigerators, an icehouse was a building used for storing ice.The first icehouses were in the cellars of farmhouses.Pieces of ice, mixed with snow and meadow grass, were piled in winter and kept until the following summer.Soon farmers began to build separate houses for storing ice.These icehouses had double walls with bay stuffed between to keep out any heat.Blocks of ice were put inside the icehouse and packed with straw or sawdust.
Where did the ice for these icehouses come from? Workers took it from a frozen pond or river.They sawed the ice into even blocks.Then they pulled the ice blocks from the water with hooks and carried them to the icehouses on sleds.
Special tools helped the workers cut and handle the ice.Ice axes chopped large holes in the ice.Ice saws cut the ice into even blocks.Choppers loosened these blocks from one another.Ice hooks fastened themselves into the large blocks.Then they could be carried over the frozen surface of the pond or river.Tongs were used to pick up the smaller blocks of ice.
Ships carried ice all over the world.In 1799 the first boatload in the United States was sent from New York City to icehouses in New Orleans, Louisiana.A boatload was sent from Boston, Massachusetts, to the West Indies to help fight yellow fever in 1805.Ice merchants in Boston also shipped tons of ice from ponds and rivers to cities in Europe.18.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a step for farmers to store ice in icehouses? 19.Which of the following statements is NOT true? 20.Which of the following is the correct order in which workers cut and handle ice? 答案與詳解 Part Ⅱ Passage One 內(nèi)容概要:本文討論的重點(diǎn)是各行各業(yè)的專業(yè)詞匯。不同的職業(yè)，其專業(yè)詞匯具有自身的特征。比如商業(yè)、手工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)及漁業(yè)的專業(yè)詞匯中包含大量的古文。然而，隨著大眾科學(xué)的普及，人們對(duì)近期的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造變得越來越熟悉，并將某些專有名詞應(yīng)用在了自己的日常交流之中了。21.【答案】C。【譯文】用于技術(shù)交流中的某些專用詞匯也可以用于日常交流之中。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】見文章最后一句話，Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.說明人們?cè)谌粘Ｕ勗捴锌倳?huì)使用一些新的專有詞匯使之成為日常用語。這一思想與答案C一致。22.【答案】B。【譯文】普通人會(huì)在自己的日常用語中使用他過去并不使用的專用術(shù)語。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】本題與前面的21題有相通之處。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，A（每個(gè)人都對(duì)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)感興趣）是沒有根據(jù)的、太過絕對(duì)的斷言；C（受過教育的人都應(yīng)該了解大多數(shù)的專有名詞）顯然也是無根據(jù)的，而“不同的專業(yè)或行業(yè)之間經(jīng)常互換行話”（選項(xiàng)D）在文中也找不到根據(jù)。只有答案B與文章的最后幾句話相吻合。23.【答案】C。【譯文】近年來，專用術(shù)語的數(shù)量具有明顯增長(zhǎng)的是行政管理方面的術(shù)語。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】該段文章的段中有一句話：And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts.說明自然科學(xué)、政治學(xué)及機(jī)械學(xué)領(lǐng)域的術(shù)語增加最快，只有答案C符合這種說法。24.【答案】A。【譯文】該文作者肯定是一名語言學(xué)家。【試題分析】綜合分析題，通過理解全文推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章所談?wù)摰闹黝}，即不同行業(yè)的專用術(shù)語的問題，顯然作者是一位語言學(xué)家，而不是律師（B）科學(xué)家（C）或評(píng)論家（D）。25.【答案】A。【譯文】作者寫作本文的主要目的是描寫一種現(xiàn)象。【試題分析】綜合分析推論題，在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，作者在文中介紹了各種不同行業(yè)的專用名詞的特點(diǎn)，以及這些術(shù)語的發(fā)展和使用情況，顯然是陳述性質(zhì)的，是向讀者描述某種現(xiàn)象，而不是為了提供解決問題的方案（B），因?yàn)楦緵]有提出任何問題；更不是為了娛樂（C）和爭(zhēng)辯（D）。因此正確答案是A。Passage Two 內(nèi)容概要:本文講述的美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后發(fā)展起來的新興工業(yè)——煉油業(yè)的相關(guān)情況。19世紀(jì)50年代一位名叫Samuel M.Kier的人首次煉出了煤油。它的出現(xiàn)取代了鯨油供人們電燈照明。E.L.Drake是第一個(gè)鉆井成功的人。他的成功為以后大量的勘探者帶來了取之不盡的財(cái)富。26.【答案】C。【譯文】許多人開始時(shí)認(rèn)為E.L.Drake搜尋石油的做法是錯(cuò)誤的。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章第三段對(duì)該事件的描述，得知E.L.Drake這位退休列車長(zhǎng)試圖在 Pennsylvania 的Titusville鉆井，但旁觀者認(rèn)為其行為很不現(xiàn)實(shí)甚至很愚蠢，直到他打到70英尺深處打出石油。因此，答案應(yīng)是C。27.【答案】D。【譯文】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，black gold（黑色黃金）指的是“原油”。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段第二句話對(duì)原油進(jìn)行了明確的介紹：原油也叫石油，是地下的一種黑色滲出物。這里的“黑色滲出物”也就是第3段談到的E.L.Drake試圖開采的東西，即第4段所謂的black gold（黑色黃金）。因此，正確答案是D。28.【答案】C。【譯文】作者提到加州的淘金熱，目的是描述石油被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)帶給人們的激動(dòng)情緒。【試題分析】綜
合分析推理題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】文章第4段提到加州淘金熱時(shí)，原文寫道：The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement...意思是說（當(dāng)時(shí)人們投入開采“黑色黃金”的）熱潮可以與1848年的加州淘金熱相媲美。這顯然是為了向讀者描述石油被首次發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)帶給人們的激動(dòng)情緒，因此選C。29.【答案】D。【譯文】作者在文中提到由原油生產(chǎn)出的產(chǎn)品不包括塑料。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章第一段就得知煤油（B.kerosene）是原油提煉出來的；再根據(jù)文章最后一段，得知汽油（A.gasoline）和蠟（C.wax）也是由原油生產(chǎn)而來，所以本題的正確答案應(yīng)是D。30.【答案】A。【譯文】可以作為本文題目的是：煉油的歷史變遷。【試題分析】綜合分析歸納推論題，根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容歸納總結(jié)得出答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，本文主要是介紹煉油的歷史，正確答案是A。選項(xiàng)B, C, D的中心詞分別是“煤油燈”、“加州淘金熱”、“私有財(cái)產(chǎn)”，顯然都不妥。Passage Three
內(nèi)容概要:本文討論的是科學(xué)的進(jìn)步與人類的發(fā)展。三百年以來，我們一直在從事各種科學(xué)活動(dòng)，試圖利用科學(xué)，揭開科學(xué)的神秘面紗，從而構(gòu)建現(xiàn)代文明。但是，科學(xué)發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在還只是個(gè)開端，人類在各項(xiàng)研究方面都需要繼續(xù)探索和努力，只有這樣，人類才能不斷提高對(duì)自身的認(rèn)識(shí)。31.【答案】C。【譯文】與第一段內(nèi)容相悖的是：現(xiàn)代文明依賴科學(xué)的發(fā)展，因此所有的人都毫無異議地支持科技的進(jìn)步。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段提到：...maybe even long enough to vote on whether to go on with it or not.There is an argument.也就是說，對(duì)于將科學(xué)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去，人們觀點(diǎn)不一。并且下文就不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的闡述，因此答案C是正確的。與之相比較，其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)均是錯(cuò)誤的。32.【答案】D。【譯文】本世紀(jì)的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，人類已經(jīng)放棄了某些曾經(jīng)接受的理論。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】見文章第3段，尤其是最后幾句話，...some of the laws of physics are amended every few years, some are canceled outright, some undergo revised versions of legislative intent as if they were acts of Congress.得知人類對(duì)理論所采取的做法是修正，擯棄，甚至采取立法手段等，因此正確答案是D。33.【答案】D。【譯文】在過去的幾年里，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)人們對(duì)DNA尚需進(jìn)行繼續(xù)深入研究。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】承接第4段末尾人們對(duì)DNA的再認(rèn)識(shí)（But just in the last few years it has become almost unbelievably complex, filled with strange parts whose functions are beyond today’s imagining.），作者在第5段指出了對(duì)DNA研究的態(tài)度：繼續(xù)深入地開展下去。由此確定答案為D。34.【答案】A。【譯文】作者寫作此文的目的是說明科學(xué)才剛剛起步。【試題分析】總結(jié)歸納題，通過理解全文歸納出答案。【詳細(xì)解答】文章的最后一段明確指出，It is not just that there is more to do, there is everything to do.從而清楚地將作者的觀點(diǎn)公之于眾，那就是說，科學(xué)剛剛起步，面前的路還很長(zhǎng)很長(zhǎng)。因此答案應(yīng)是A。雖然科學(xué)取得了很大進(jìn)展（C），大大改善了人們的生活（B），但這都不是本文的寫作目的。35.【答案】B。【譯文】作者對(duì)待科學(xué)的態(tài)度是滿意的。【試題分析】綜合歸納題，在理解文章主題思想的基礎(chǔ)上推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)全文的主題，作者對(duì)待科學(xué)的態(tài)度不是挑剔（A），中立（C）也不是遺憾（D），而是滿意的積極的態(tài)度，所以應(yīng)選擇答案B。Passage Four
內(nèi)容概要:本文討論的人們對(duì)濫用毒品采取的態(tài)度問題。隨著人們對(duì)毒品危害性的日益了解，毒品濫用的情況在減少，但“所有毒品都對(duì)人有極大危害”的說法顯然不具有太大的影響力，因?yàn)槿藗兌己苊髁硕酒返亩拘允怯泻艽蟛町惖摹７炊酒方逃皇窃谝欢ǔ潭壬辖档土硕酒窞E用的情況，但這個(gè)問題任重道遠(yuǎn)。36.【答案】C。【譯文】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容得知，到目前為止，反毒品教育只是在某種程度上起到了一定的效果。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】文章第一段所述，antidrug education既沒有完全失敗（選項(xiàng)D.a total failure），也不是如選項(xiàng)A，B那樣使所有的人都意識(shí)到了吸毒的危害，而是Observed declines in the use of such drugs...即在某種程度上了解了其危害，所以只有C是正確的。37.【答案】C。【譯文】文中提到的Reefer Madness這部電影沒有真實(shí)地反映大麻的危害。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】見文章第一段最后幾行，了解到...Reefer Madness, a widely unrealistic propaganda film against marijuana made in the 1930s.也就是說，這部電影是一部相當(dāng)不真實(shí)的反大麻宣傳影片，因此正確答案是C。38.【答案】A。【譯文】“所有的毒品對(duì)人的危害都極大”這種說法沒有影響力是因?yàn)樗雎粤硕酒吩谖：π苑矫娌町惡艽蟮氖聦?shí)。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】見文章第1段中部，Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message.Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.明確得知答案是A。39.【答案】B。【譯文】大
多數(shù)吸毒者對(duì)毒品的危害都視而不見，這種說法是錯(cuò)誤的。【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)辨析題，通過理解原文即可推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】見文章第1段中部，Such sources are influential, because they do not give a simple “all drugs are terrible for you” message.Drug users know there are big variations in danger among drugs, and antidrug education that ignores or denies this is likely to be ridiculed.得知吸毒者了解毒品在危害性上差異很大，因此答案是B。40.【答案】D。【譯文】本文的題目是：勿濫用毒品——能勸好嗎？【試題分析】綜合歸納題，在理解全文基礎(chǔ)上推理得知答案。【詳細(xì)解答】根據(jù)文章的主題，作者不是解釋是否所有的毒品都有害（A），也不是吸毒的危害性是否已經(jīng)被人所知（C），更不是地下報(bào)紙的可信度問題（B），正確答案只能是D。
Part Ⅴ寫作指導(dǎo)：張國(guó)榮的自殺事件引起了大家的關(guān)注，就這個(gè)話題寫一篇英文作文看上去容易，寫起來不一定很簡(jiǎn)單，挖掘出新意來就更難了。一般來講，就事論事的議論文不要面面俱到，應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)或兩個(gè)重點(diǎn)，從具體的著眼點(diǎn)進(jìn)行議論評(píng)說。下面的范文以人生的結(jié)局為話題，展開對(duì)“自殺”的論述，應(yīng)該說對(duì)考生是不無啟發(fā)的。
參考范文：Is It a Perfect Ending?
Some people hear their inner voice of pursuing perfection, including a perfect ending.Such people become triumphant, but they choose to suicide.Mr.Zhang Guorong is among them.
Ending never stops fascinating human beings.Ending is the most important part of a story, a period of history, a pursuit, and finally a life.Naturally we have certain kind of curiosity toward the end of our life, but death seems to be out of our reach.Suicide then becomes the fastest and the most convenient way to see the ending, especially for a perfectionist.To some degree, suicide is also a change for the better, at the cost of life. However, suicide doesn’t only cause death.It hurts the feelings of other people still alive.In other words, many broken hearts may become the victims of a released heart.In this sense, suicide is an action without responsibility.One may have his right to die, but he doesn’t have rights to hurt those who love him.
Anyway, death is the last and worst solution to any problems, let alone a pursuit for perfection and a temptation to see the ending. 本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn)10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：exclusively: 排外地，專有地inflict: 使??受（痛苦），給??以（打擊）blur: 把視線、界限等弄得模糊不清belittle: 輕視，使??顯得渺小hold: 使有效/可行/真實(shí)，有道理inundate: 淹沒reasonably: 適度的，尚可以，過得去fraction: 小部分，一點(diǎn)兒assertion: 聲明，斷言patronize: 資助，光顧4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：take after: 長(zhǎng)得相似give way to: 讓位于run off: 復(fù)印，印刷，打印feel inclined to do sth.: 想做某事
中國(guó)名校六級(jí)密卷(4)
武漢大學(xué)外語學(xué)院 游長(zhǎng)松
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages it this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Chemistry did not emerge as a science until after the scientific revolution in the seventeenth century and then only rather slowly and laboriously.But chemical knowledge is as old as history, being almost entirely concerned with the practical arts of living.Cooking is essentially a chemical process;so is the melting of metals and the
administration of drugs and potions.This basic chemical knowledge, which was applied in most cases as a rule of thumb, was nevertheless dependent on previous experiment.It also served to stimulate a fundamental curiosity about the processes themselves.New information was always being gained as artisans improved techniques to gain better results.
The development of a scientific approach to chemistry was, however, hampered by several factors.The most serious problem was the vast range of material available and the consequent difficulty of organizing it into some system.In addition, there were social and intellectual difficulties, chemistry is nothing if not practical;those who practice it must use their hands, they must have a certain practical flair.Yet in many ancient civilizations, practical tasks were primarily the province of a slave population.The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world, where the practical arts appeared to lack any intellectual content or interest.
The final problem for early chemical science was the element of secrecy.Experts in specific trades had developed their own techniques and guarded their knowledge to prevent others from stealing their livelihood.Another factor that contributed to secrecy was the esoteric nature of the knowledge of alchemists, who were trying to transform base metals into gold or were concerned with the hunt for the elixir that would bestow the blessing of eternal life.In one sense, the second of these was the more serious impediment because the records of the chemical processes that early alchemists had discovered were often written down in symbolic language intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure.
21.What is the passage mainly about?
A)The scientific revolution in the seventeenth century. B)Reasons that chemistry developed slowly as a science. C)The practical aspects of chemistry.
D)Difficulties of organizing knowledge systematically.
22.According to the passage, how did knowledge about chemical processes increase before the seventeenth century?
A)Philosophers devised theories about chemical properties. B)A special symbolic language was developed.
C)Experience led workers to revise their techniques. D)Experts shared their discoveries with the public.
23.The bold word “hampered” in Line 1 Para 2 is closest in meaning to____. A)recognized B)determined C)solved D)hindered
24.The bold word “it” refers to which of the following? A)Problem.B)Material.C)Difficulty.D)System.
25.Which of the following statements best explains why “the second of these was the more serious impediment”(Underlined)? A)Chemical knowledge was limited to a small number of people. B)The symbolic language used was very imprecise. C)Very few new discoveries were made by alchemists.
D)The records of the chemical processes were not based on experiments.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
An important new industry, oil refining, grew after the Civil War.Crude oil, or petroleum a dark, thick ooze from the earth had been known for hundreds of years, but little use had ever been made of it.In the 1850’s Samuel M.Kier, a manufacturer in western Pennsylvania, began collecting the oil from local scapages and refining it into kerosene.Refining, like smelting, is a process of removing impurities from a raw material.
Kerosene was used to light lamps.It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get.Soon there was a large demand for kerosene.People began to search for new supplies of petroleum.
The first oil well was drilled by E.L.Drake, are tired railroad conductor.In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania.The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”.But when he had drilled down about 70 feet(21 meters), Drake struck oil.His well began to yield 20 barrels of crude oil a day.
News of Drake’s success brought oil prospectors to the scene.By the early 1860’s these wildcatters were drilling for “black gold” all over western Pennsylvania.The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.And it brought far more wealth to the prospectors than any gold rush.
Crude oil could be refined into many products.For some years kerosene continued to be the principal one.It was sold in grocery stores and door-to-door.In the 1880’s and 1890’s refiners learned how to make other petroleum products such as waxes and lubricating oils.Petroleum was not then used to make gasoline or heatingoil.
26.What is the best title for the passage? A)Oil Refining: A Historical Perspective
B)The California Gold Rush: Get Rich Quickly C)Private Property: Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted D)Kerosene Lamps: A Light in the Tunnel
27.It can be inferred form the passage that kerosene was preferable to whale oil because whale oil was too____.
A)expensive B)thick C)hot D)polluted
28.According to the passage, many people initially thought that E.L.Drake had made a mistake by____. A)going on a whaling expedition B)moving to Pennsylvania C)searching for oil D)retiring from his job
29.Why does the author mention the California gold rush? A)To explain the need for an increased supply of gold B)To indicate the extent of United States mineral wealth C)To describe the mood when oil was first discovered D)To argue that gold was more valuable than oil
30.Which of the following words could best replace the word “one”(Underlined)?
A)Oil.B)Door.C)Store.D)Product.
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
“Welcome to the U.S.A.!Major credit cards are accepted!”By the millions they are coming no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masses longing for a better living.These are the wealthy.“We don’t have a budget,” says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City’s South Street.“ We just use our credit cards.”
The US has long been one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional.First, there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe;then came the weakening of the US dollar against major currencies.Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement(廉價(jià)商品部).Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets.Bottom retail prices anywhere from 30 % to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $ 79 billion in 1994.That’s up from $74 billion the year before.
True, not everyone comes just for bargains.There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series.But shopping the USA is proving irresistible.Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled;some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases.The buying binge（無節(jié)制）has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Park or sunbathing on a beach in Florida.
The US has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: the pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but it does put money in the bank.And with a trade deficit at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the US needs all the deposits it can get.Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the US stay longer and spend more money at each stop;an average of 12.2 night and $ 1624 a traveler versus the Americans’ four nights and $298.
31.From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her ____. A)are reluctant to carry cash with them
B)simply don’ t care how much they spend C)are not good at planning their expenditure D)often spend more money than they can afford
32.The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that ____. A)it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the US B)it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the US
C)tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the US dollar that year D)Tourists came to the US for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
33.By saying “ nobody undersells America”(Underlined), the author means that ____.
A)no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products B)nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities C)nobody restrains the selling of American goods D)no other country sells at a lower price than America
34.Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating to foreigners?
A)Because they have gained much publicity through the American media B)Because they represent the world’ s latest fashions C)Because they embody the most sophisticated technology D)Because they are available at all tourist destinations
35.From the passage we can conclude that the US has come to realize____. A)the weakening of the US dollar can result in trade deficits B)the lower the retail prices, the greater in profits
C)tourism can make great contributions to its economy D)visitors to the US are wealthier than US tourists abroad
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
The most interesting architectural phenomenon of the 1970’s was the enthusiasm for refurbishing old buildings.Obviously, this was not an entirely new phenomenon.What is new is the wholesale interest in reusing the past, in recycling, in adaptive rehabilitation.A few trial efforts, such as Ghirardelli Square in San Francisco, proved their financial viability in 1960s, but it was in the 1970’s, with strong government support through tax incentives and rapid depreciation.As well as growing interest in ecology issues, that recycling became a major factor on the urban scene. One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market, designed in 1824.This section had fallen on hard times, but beginning with the construction of a new city hall immediately adjacent, it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson.He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking.
Butler Square, in Minneapois, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse.The exciting interior timber structure of the building was highlighted by cutting light courts through the interior and adding large skylights. San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.Rather than bringing in the bulldozers, San Antonio’s leaders rehabilitated existing structures, while simultaneously cleaning up the San Antonio River, which menders through the business district.
36.What is the main idea of the passage?
A)During the 1970’s, old buildings in many cities were recycled for modern use. B)Recent interest in ecology issues has led to the cleaning up of many rivers. C)The San Antonio example shows that bulldozers are not the way to fight urban decay.
D)Strong government support has made adaptive rehabilitation a reality in Boston.
37.What is the space at Quincy Market now used for? A)Boston’ s new city hall.
B)Sports and recreational facilities.
C)Commercial and industrial warehouses. D)Restaurant, offices, and stores.
38.According to the passage, Benjamin Thompson was the designer for a project in____.A)San Francisco B)BostonC)Minneapolis D)San Antonio
39.When was the Butler Square building originally built? A)In the eighteenth century. B)In the early nineteenth century. C)In the late nineteenth century. D)In the early twentieth century.
40.What is the author’s opinion of the San Antonio project? A)It is clearly the best of the projects discussed.
B)It is a good project that could be copied in other cities.
C)The extensive use of bulldozers made the project unnecessarily costly.
D)The work done on the river was more important than the work done on the buildings.Part Ⅴ Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on
Studying Abroad.Your composition must be based on the outline given below in Chinese.Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words.Remember to write neatly and you will be rewarded for that.
1.有些人認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該呆在自己的國(guó)家學(xué)習(xí) 2.有些人認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該到美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí) 3.我的觀點(diǎn)
答案與詳解 Passage One 內(nèi)容概要:
盡管化學(xué)只是在十七世紀(jì)的科學(xué)革命之后才成為一門學(xué)科出現(xiàn)，但是化學(xué)知識(shí)的使用已經(jīng)擁有了非常悠久的歷史。但是，研究化學(xué)的科學(xué)方法的發(fā)展被諸多因素給阻礙了，包括物質(zhì)來源的多樣性和把這些物質(zhì)有系統(tǒng)地組織起來的難度，另外還有社會(huì)和智力上的困難。早期化學(xué)科學(xué)的最終問題就是秘密問題。在某一領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，有人為了保守自己的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益把自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)作為秘密掩藏起來。
21.【答案】B。
【譯文】本篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么？
【試題分析】主題歸納型，通過總結(jié)和歸納，進(jìn)而得出文章的主題。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“十七世紀(jì)的科學(xué)革命”，這只是在文章的第一段中提到了這一點(diǎn)，但只是其中一個(gè)非常小的細(xì)節(jié)；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“化學(xué)作為一門學(xué)科發(fā)展緩慢的原因”，在文章的第二段和第三段中作者花了很多的筆墨講述化學(xué)發(fā)展緩慢的原因，故它是本題的正確答案；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“化學(xué)的實(shí)用方面”，這只是文章第二段所提到的一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“把化學(xué)知識(shí)有系統(tǒng)地組織起來的困難”，這只是所提出的三個(gè)原因中的一個(gè)，不能以偏蓋全。故本題的正確答案是B。
22.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，在十七世紀(jì)之前，化學(xué)過程的知識(shí)是如何增加的？ 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，根據(jù)文章中的相關(guān)信息，并進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“哲學(xué)家編寫了有關(guān)化學(xué)知識(shí)的理論。”，文章第二段的最后一句話The thinker or philosopher stood apart from this mundane world告訴我們哲學(xué)家遠(yuǎn)離有關(guān)的化學(xué)知識(shí)，而不是編寫了理論；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“形成了一套特殊的符號(hào)語言”，文章最后一段的最后一句話告訴我們使用符號(hào)的原因是為了保守秘密，而不是為了發(fā)展化學(xué)知識(shí)；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)引導(dǎo)著工人們改進(jìn)他們的技術(shù)。”，第一段所講的內(nèi)容正是關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，而且這也是發(fā)展化學(xué)知識(shí)的方法，故是正確答案；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“專家們與公眾分享這些化學(xué)知識(shí)”，文章第三段明顯提到為了保守秘密他們這些煉丹術(shù)士采取多種手段保守秘密，所以該選項(xiàng)不正確。23.【答案】D。
【譯文】文中黑體詞hamper在意思上與哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)更接近？
【試題分析】詞義推測(cè)型，通過對(duì)上下文的理解，推測(cè)出生詞的意思。
【詳細(xì)解答】做這類題目時(shí)，首先找到該單詞所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔細(xì)研讀。它們所提供的線索和提示會(huì)告訴我們這個(gè)陌生單詞的意思。在這句話中的hamper的意思是“阻礙，擋住”。而在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)D hinder是這個(gè)意思。故本題的正確答案是D。
24.【答案】B。
【譯文】文中黑體詞it指代的是什么？
【試題分析】詞義推測(cè)型，通過對(duì)上下文的理解，推測(cè)出代詞所代指的含義。
【詳細(xì)解答】做這類題目時(shí)，首先找到該代詞所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔細(xì)研讀。它們所提供的線索和提示會(huì)告訴我們這個(gè)陌生單詞的意思。特別是該代詞前面的名詞短語或從句。一般來說，這類題目的答案都能在同一句話的主語或賓語，或者在前一句話的主語和賓語中找到。仔細(xì)閱讀完前面的句子后，我們可以得知這里it指的是material。
25.【答案】A。 【譯文】下面哪個(gè)句子能最好地解釋加下劃線的短語“第二個(gè)是更嚴(yán)重的阻礙的原因”？ 【試題分析】語句理解型，考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章中難點(diǎn)句子的理解和解釋。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“化學(xué)知識(shí)只是局限在少數(shù)人的手中。”，文章第三段所講的內(nèi)容正是關(guān)于這一點(diǎn)，故選項(xiàng)A是正確答案；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“所使用的符號(hào)語言不準(zhǔn)確”，文章第三段中提到了intelligible to very few or in symbols that were purposely obscure告訴我們這些符號(hào)并不是不準(zhǔn)確；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“非常少的發(fā)現(xiàn)是由煉丹術(shù)士發(fā)現(xiàn)的”，文章第三段中所提到的信息告訴我們大部分發(fā)現(xiàn)都是由這些術(shù)士發(fā)現(xiàn)的，與文章內(nèi)容不符；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“關(guān)于化學(xué)過程的記錄不是建立在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上”，原文中明確提到所有化學(xué)知識(shí)的記錄都是建立在實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上。
Passage Two 內(nèi)容概要:
煉油業(yè)是在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后開始發(fā)展起來的，但是在數(shù)年后人們才開始使用石油以及其產(chǎn)品。接著，作者又講述了石油的發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過。第一位開采石油的人被人們嘲笑為傻子。后來，人們又把石油精煉成各種各樣的產(chǎn)品，并在人們的生活中起到了非常重要的作用。
26.【答案】A。
【譯文】本篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題是什么？
【試題分析】主旨?xì)w納型，通過詳細(xì)閱讀文章，找出該文章的最佳標(biāo)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“煉油業(yè)-歷史的展望”，與全文的內(nèi)容完全一致；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“加利福尼亞的淘金熱-迅速致富”，這只是文章中一個(gè)非常小的細(xì)節(jié)；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)-入侵者將被起訴”，這與本文的內(nèi)容壓根無關(guān)；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“煤油燈-隧道里的亮光”，這只是文章第三段中的一個(gè)小細(xì)節(jié)。故本文的最佳標(biāo)題是選項(xiàng)A。
27.【答案】A。
【譯文】我們可以從文章中得出結(jié)論與煤油相比，鯨油的缺點(diǎn)是什么。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第二段第二句話It was a cheap substitute for whale oil, which was becoming harder to get.告訴我們鯨油很難得到，而且煤油是一個(gè)比較便宜的替代品。故本題的正確答案是A。
28.【答案】C。
【譯文】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，剛開始很多人認(rèn)為E.L.Drake開始尋找石油是一個(gè)重大的錯(cuò)誤。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第三段話中的The first oil well was drilled by E.L.Drake, a tired railroad conductor.In 1859 he began drilling in Titusville, Pennsylvania.The whole venture seemed so impractical and foolish that onlookers called it “Drake’s Folly”.告訴我們E.L.Drake開始尋找石油時(shí)，被人們認(rèn)為是愚蠢的行為。故本題的正確答案是C。
29.【答案】C。
【譯文】作者為什么提到加利福尼亞的淘金熱？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第四段中The boom rivaled the California gold rush of 1848 in its excitement and Wild West atmosphere.提到了“淘金熱”。仔細(xì)閱讀前后的句子，我們可以得出結(jié)論：這里是把“淘金熱”和發(fā)現(xiàn)石油的狂熱加以對(duì)比。而在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有C在意思和觀點(diǎn)上與原文相一致。故本題的正確答案是C。
30.【答案】D。
【譯文】下面哪個(gè)單詞能夠替換第五段第二行中的代詞one？
【試題分析】詞義推測(cè)型，通過對(duì)上下文的理解，推測(cè)出代詞所代指的含義。
【詳細(xì)解答】做這類題目時(shí)，首先找到該代詞所在的位置，并把上下文的句子仔細(xì)研讀。它們所提供的線索和提示會(huì)告訴我們這個(gè)陌生單詞的意思。特別是該代詞前面的名詞短語或從句。一般來說，這類題目的答案都能在同一句話的主語或賓語，或者在前一句話的主語和賓語中找到。仔細(xì)閱讀完前面的句子后，我們可以得知這里one指的是product。故本題的正確答案是D。
Passage Three 內(nèi)容概要:
現(xiàn)在，到美國(guó)旅游已經(jīng)成為了世界上其它國(guó)家的旅游者的首選。他們到美國(guó)來的主要目的是購(gòu)物，因?yàn)槊绹?guó)的商品價(jià)格比世界上其它國(guó)家都要低。這使得美國(guó)成為世界上的“零售商品部”。由于好萊塢電影的宣傳，使得整個(gè)世界上的人們對(duì)美國(guó)產(chǎn)品有著非常強(qiáng)烈的狂熱情緒。所以，美國(guó)政府必須意識(shí)到旅游業(yè)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的重要性。
31.【答案】B。
【譯文】從巴西生物學(xué)家所說的話，我們得知像她這樣的游客完全不介意他們花多少錢。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】原文第二段提到現(xiàn)在涌入的是富人(These are the wealthy),所以當(dāng)她說“We don’ t have a budget, we just use our credit cards”是指花錢不用做預(yù)算，想買就用信用卡，其暗含的意思就是選項(xiàng)B所表達(dá)的信息。故本題的正確答案是B。32．【答案】A。
【譯文】1994年特別突出的原因是在那一年到美國(guó)的游客數(shù)目非常大。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】原文第三段說明美國(guó)早已成為旅游勝地，1994年不同于往年，其原因是世界杯吸引了大批游客，美元下跌使在美國(guó)購(gòu)物便宜到了極點(diǎn)，這更吸引了大量的游客。而這一觀點(diǎn)恰好與選項(xiàng)A相一致。這句話中的動(dòng)詞saw的意思是“目睹了”之意。故本題的正確答案是A。
33.【答案】D。
【譯文】在文章第三段中，作者說了這樣一句話：nobody undersells America，他所暗含的意思是沒有哪個(gè)國(guó)家的物價(jià)水平比美國(guó)更低。
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】在文章的第三段中Now the US, still the world’s superpower, can also claim to be the world’s bargain basement的中文意思是：美國(guó)現(xiàn)在仍是世界上的超級(jí)大國(guó)，也可以聲稱是世界上的廉價(jià)商品部。所以，nobody undersells America這句話所暗含的意思是：沒有哪個(gè)國(guó)家的物價(jià)水平比美國(guó)更低。在后文中，作者又提到了美國(guó)的零售底價(jià)比歐洲低30%，比亞洲低70%。這一事實(shí)更證明了這一觀點(diǎn)的正確性。故本題的正確答案是D。
34．【答案】A。
【譯文】作者為什么得出結(jié)論：所有的美國(guó)貨對(duì)外國(guó)人來說都是非常具有吸引力的？ 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章的第四段第二句話There remains an undeniable fascination in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood films and US television series.But shopping the USA is proving irresistible.說明媒體使人們對(duì)美國(guó)貨產(chǎn)生迷戀。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有選項(xiàng)A與這句話在觀點(diǎn)上是一致的。故本題的正確答案是A。
35.【答案】C。
【譯文】讀完這篇文章，我們可以得出結(jié)論：美國(guó)已經(jīng)意識(shí)到旅游業(yè)為美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出非常重大的貢獻(xiàn)。
【試題分析】主題歸納型，通過總結(jié)和歸納，進(jìn)而得出文章的主題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通讀完全文后，我們可以得知：大批外國(guó)游客涌入美國(guó)，并給美國(guó)政府帶來了大筆收入。另外，文章第五段強(qiáng)調(diào)美國(guó)終于開始重視外國(guó)游客大量涌入給美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來的巨大貢獻(xiàn)。綜合以上兩點(diǎn)，我們可以得知選項(xiàng)C正是作者的觀點(diǎn)和結(jié)論。故本題的正確答案是C。
Passage Four 內(nèi)容概要:
城市里的古老建筑成為了一個(gè)問題，而諸如圣弗郎西斯科的許多美國(guó)城市開始重新整修那些舊建筑，并進(jìn)行重新利用。這一舉措起到非常良好的效果，一方面保存下來了歷史遺留的建筑物的風(fēng)格特點(diǎn)；另一方面，也讓它們以新的面貌和形式重新發(fā)揮其最新的作用。接著，作者又列舉了其它幾個(gè)類似的例子。 36.【答案】C。
【譯文】本篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是什么？ 【試題分析】主題歸納型。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“在20世紀(jì)70年代，美國(guó)很多城市的古老建筑物被重新利用。”，這只是在文章第一段中提到的一個(gè)現(xiàn)象，并不是真正的主題；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“對(duì)生態(tài)問題的興趣使得很多河流開始清理工作”，這只是在文章的最后一段提到的一個(gè)小小的細(xì)節(jié)；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“San Antonio的事例表明推土機(jī)并不是解決城市廢棄建筑的方法”，這正是文章通過一系列事例在文章的最后一段所得出的結(jié)論；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“政府的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)支持使得適應(yīng)性修繕在波士頓成為了現(xiàn)實(shí)”，這只是在文章第一段第四句話中所提到的細(xì)節(jié)。故本題的正確答案是C。
37.【答案】D。
【譯文】Quincy市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)在用來干什么？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第二段中He has provided a marvelous setting for dining, shopping, professional offices, and simply walking所暗含的意思與選項(xiàng)D所傳遞的信息是一致的。故本題的正確答案是D。
38.【答案】B。
【譯文】根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，Benjamin Thompson是Boston的一個(gè)工程的設(shè)計(jì)者。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第二段中 “One of the most comprehensive ventures was the restoration and transformation of Boston’s eighteenth century Faneuil Hall and the Quincy Market”和“it has returned to life with the intelligent reuse of these fine old buildings under the design leadership of Benjamin Thomson”告訴我們他所設(shè)計(jì)的工程在Boston。故本題的正確答案是B。
39.【答案】D。
【譯文】Butler廣場(chǎng)最初是在什么時(shí)候建成的？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第三段第一句話Butler Square, in Minneapois, examplifies major changes in its complex of offices, commercial space, and public amenities carved out of a massive pile designed in 1906 as a hardware warehouse.告訴我們?cè)摻ㄖ镒畛跏窃?906年設(shè)計(jì)的。1906年是在20世紀(jì)初期。故本題的正確答案是D。
40.【答案】B。
【譯文】作者認(rèn)為San Antonio工程如何？
【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理型，通過對(duì)某一段話的理解，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)和概括。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)A的意思是“它明顯是所討論過的最佳工程”，在文章中并沒有提到這一點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)B的意思是“它是一個(gè)其它城市可以模仿的典范”，文章最后一段中的San Antonio, Texas, offers an object lesson for numerous other cities combating urban decay.所講述的正是這一點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)C的意思是“推土機(jī)的大量使用使得這項(xiàng)工程代價(jià)很高”，這與本文的主要內(nèi)容相反；選項(xiàng)D的意思是“在河流上所做的工作要比在建筑物上所做的工作要重要得多。故本題的正確答案是B。
Part Ⅴ 寫作指導(dǎo)：
該題是一篇典型的“三段論”作文。從結(jié)構(gòu)上來說，應(yīng)該這樣行文：在文章的第一段，作者應(yīng)該把重點(diǎn)放在正面的觀點(diǎn)上；而在文章的第二段，就應(yīng)該與第一段構(gòu)成鮮明的對(duì)比，把反面的觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清楚。在文章的第三段，作者再提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。
這篇文章的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)該放在第一段或者第二段上。這取決于作者的態(tài)度。如果你認(rèn)為在國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)比較好，第一段就是本文的重點(diǎn)段落，就應(yīng)該在這一部分多花一些筆墨；如果你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該到美國(guó)留學(xué)，第二段就是本文的重心。而在文章結(jié)束的第三段中，作者只需用幾句話表明自己的觀點(diǎn)即可，可以贊成前者，也可以贊成后者，也可以保持中立。在文章的結(jié)尾，用兩句話發(fā)出號(hào)召即可。
參考范文：
Studying Abroad
Nowadays students can study either in their home country or in foreign countries, in most cases, the United States.Some prefer to stay in their home country and study.Others think studying in the United States is more beneficial.As a matter of fact, each situation has its own advantages.
When students study in their home country, they have no language barriers.They can read books with their mother tongue very easily.They can also discuss their lessons with the teachers or the fellow students very freely.Since they are accustomed to the way they have been living, they have little difficulties in life.Besides, they have little financial difficulties in the process of their studies because they can easily get financial support from their parents or their relatives.When students attend schools in the United States, they can act as mediators between peoples of different cultures to promote international understanding.They can also tend to be spokespersons for other cultures and people who may be misunderstood by Americans.They can enjoy the contact with new and different cultures to increase the awareness of their own culture.In addition, they can learn advanced knowledge of science and technology, and learn English much more quickly than in their home country.
I think it’ s better to study in the United States because the advantages to studying in the US outweigh those to staying in one’ s home country.本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn) 10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：
prevail: 遍布，流行 combat: 向??宣戰(zhàn) luxury: 奢侈用品 premise: 前提，條件
contamination: 污染、破壞 allege: 指證，宣稱 counterpart: 相對(duì)應(yīng)的人或物 expire:過期
consistent: 一貫的，堅(jiān)持的 influential:有影響力的 4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：
on the right track: 走對(duì)路了 rack one’s brain:絞盡腦汁 be oblivious to: 對(duì)??不注意 in practice: 在實(shí)踐中
中國(guó)名校六級(jí)密卷(5)
西安外國(guó)語學(xué)院英語系 李振聲 薛彩霞 Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)
Directions:There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around.Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over.Plenty of space for parks and for cities.Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow.But that was once upon a time.The days of unused land are over.Now the land has been spoken for,fenced off,carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks,put to use.
At the same time, the population keeps growing.People need places to work and place to play.So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishes.And it isn’t just a matter of population growth.Our modern technology has needs that must be met too: We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants;cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports.
Each of these lands uses swallows up precious space.Highways and expressways alone take some 2,000,000 acres each years.And urban sprawl—the spreading out of cities—is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2000.But there is only so much land to go around.
How do you decide what to do with a piece of land? It depends upon the land, and it depend upon the needs of the people and their values.It is always hard to decide.Take, for example, a forest.A forest can be a timber supply.It can provide a home for wildlife.It is scenery and a recreation area for man.It is soil and watershed protection.
These last two take some explaining.A forest creates its own soil.Leaves and other litter on the forest floor are constantly turned and moved by worms and burrowing animals.Enriched by animal wastes, the litter becomes humus—a rich and spongy mix of organic material.The soil feeds forest plants.The plants in turn protect the soil—roots hold it in place, branches slow rainfall so that it will drop gently to earth.Water slowly trickles through the humus and is purified.Water travels downstream and out to sea.
When a forest is cut down, there is nothing left to create or protect the soil.Heavy rains beat and wash away spongy humus.Little soil is left to absorb water.Then rain waters can rush unchecked to the valley below, flooding low-lying areas.If a forest is to supply timber, watershed protection, recreation, and a home for wildlife, it has to be cut carefully.And it must be replanted.
In short, land is fragile.Without proper care it can be ruined forever.
In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used, the priorities often conflict.What should you do, for example, if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip-minded? Strip mining rips up topsoil and vegetation.But mining may create jobs, bring money to the town’s businesses.Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed, and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques.On the other hand, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space.Nearly every proposal for a new power plant, highway, or airport draws fierce opposition.Everyone wants the bid, land-eating “uglies” to be in someone else’s backyard.Minneapolis and St.Paul, Minnesota, for example, having been debating about the site of a future airport for years.Yet if a new airport is needed, it will have to go somewhere.
How do we find our way out of the land-use problem? One way might be to reexamine our values, to think in new directions.Does everyone have to have a car-with its need for highways and parking lots? What about developing mass transit systems that use less land? Do suburbs have to sprawl? Can they be designed so they use less space? Do we have to have more energy? If we do, do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?
However difficult they may be to arrive at, choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land.For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree;the land does have its limits.
21.Once upon a time,the United States seemed to have plenty of land to __go around__, “go around” means____.
A)to visit around B)to see the land C)for sharing with every D)to have the land around
22.Each of these land uses swallows up precious space, “swallows up” means ____.
A)occupies B)gives upC)disappears D)takes completely
23.In this sentence “In short, land is fragile.”(Line.1, Para.7), what does the word “fragile” mean?
A)Very poor.B)Rich.C)Taken.D)Easily destroyed. 24.The Para 5 mainly discusses ____. A)how animal wastes enriched land B)how plant roots protected the land C)how humus becomes useful
D)how a forest creates its own soil and protects the watershed
25.As the countryside fills up, people are becoming more aware of the need for open space, “open space” means ____.
A)public land B)unoccupied landC)unplanted land D)private landPassage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Most of the larger cities in the world have grown without plans and blueprints.London is such a city.Its streets zigzag, snake, and circle.There is no reason or order to its street-numbering system.Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the whole of London.And before he gets his cabbie’s license he must first tour the city for months, street by street, then take a comprehensive examination to prove that he can find his way about.New York and Chicago grew in much the same way.They just in spread out, pushed by the demands for residential, business, or industrial space.Like spilled water, they expanded in all directions.Today in New York, even a native-born Manhattanite despairs of finding his way around Brooklyn.There are a few modern cities, however, that were created out of nothing.They were built strictly by the book according to detailed plans that will also control future growth.Two such American cities are Columbia, Maryland, and Reston, Virginia.But the prime example of a city planned and built from scratch in the twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil.
Brasilia was the brain child of Brazil’s President Juscelino Kubitschek, who held office from 1955 to 1960.Kubitschek, like other Brazilian leaders, was concerned that most of Brazil’s people were crammed into its seacoast cities.Rio de Janeiro, then the nation’s capital and its second largest city, occupies a breathtakingly beautiful site on the Atlantic coast.Sao Paulo, Brazil’s largest city, is very near the coast.Consequently, this meant that riches in timber, minerals, and hydroelectric power sources in the interior of the country were untapped.Recognizing that drastic action was needed to develop the interior, Kubitschek decided to build a brand new capital city in the Brazilian Highlands, 600 miles northwest of Rio de Janeiro.He chose a site that was right in the middle of the wilderness, on land that had never even been plowed.
Ready for business in 1960, Brasilia was an architect’s delight and a planner’s dream.Its public buildings, monuments, and high-rise apartment complexes were magnificently modern.Access roads fed into its streets with no traffic lights.Every feature seemed logical, reasonable, and right.But for more than a decade, Brasilia seemed all wrong to the people brought there to live and to work in government offices.While it was undeniably a beautiful city, it was not yet a community.
For it is people and their history of habitation that turn a city from a collection of streets and buildings into a community.It is people who give a city life and character and personality—and a brand-new, tailor-made Brasilia didn’t have those qualities for a long time.But now, happily, its residents no longer feel they need to rush back to Rio or Sao Paulo at every opportunity.Instead, they visit, picnic, and enjoy one another’s company.Brasilia is beginning to feel like home to them.Other planned cities have faced the same problem of creating a community spirit and identity.Some observers of life in Columbia, Maryland, another planned city, have been concerned with lack of spirit there and have made an interesting comparison between Columbia and Hoboken, New Jersey.Hoboken, an old waterfront town just across the Hudson River from New York City, is an urban planner’s nightmare.It has row upon row of old dingy buildings, and grass and tree are few and far between.Columbia, on the other hand, is an urban planner’s dream.It has charming colonial and modern houses on winding streets.There are lovely lawns and beautiful trees.And there are bicycle paths and hundreds of acres of woods, meadows, and lakes.
Yet something is not quite right.Many Hoboken children are almost fiercely loyal to one another and their community.They may not have lawns and lakes, but they find ways to have fun on the pavements and sidewalks.In Columbia, by contrast, many of the young people seem listless.As one teenager from Detroit put it, “In Detroit it seemed like something was always happening.But here”.And he shrugged his shoulders.
What is it about a treeless,grimy,old city like Hoboken that makes people love it so much?What is it about a beautiful new city like Columbia that makes young people shrug with boredom?These are questions which city planners will have to face up to.For no matter how well it is designed,a city will not ultimately come to life unless it inspires the love and loyalty of the people who live and work in it.
26.In this sentence “ Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the whole of London.”(Sent 5, Para.1), what does the word “veteran” mean?
Ａ）Local.Ｂ）Experienced.Ｃ）New.Ｄ）Warm-hearted. 27.What can we inferred from Para.1? A)London’s planning system is sound.
B)New York and Chicago developed with the help of planning. C)It’s difficult to be a cabbie in London.
D)Finding their way around Brooklyn delights travelers. 28.Why did Kubitschek decided to build a new capital city? A)Because he wanted his people to cram into seacoast cities. B)Because the new capital city was more prosperous. C)Because it was a large city with large population.
D)Because he thought it necessary to develop inland cities. 29.Which of the following statements is true? A)Columbia frightens urban planners.
B)Although it’s very beautiful, Columbia makes young people bored. C)Columbia is just in an urban planner’s dream.
D)There are rows of grimy buildings and few grass and trees in Columbia. 30.What is the main idea of this passage?
A)A city must have the spirit to inspire its people, or it will never come to life. B)A city’s planning is very important, a well-planned city attracts more people. C)Although planned cities are nice, people like old cities more because life in old cities is colorful.
D)Modern buildings make people love a city.Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
In Japan’s capital city of Tokyo, earthquake danger limits the height of buildings.The city has spread out far and the traffic has become so heavy that it is very difficult to get from one place to another.The price of land, too, has skyrocketed.All this explains why a group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion that there was nowhere to go but down.So far they have dug out space underground for fifteen major shopping centers, and the underground construction has only begun.
What are some of the advantages of shopping and eating underground? Clean, filtered air is one of them.The city of Tokyo has one of the most serious smog problems in the world.Another advantage is that you escape the ever-present threat of traffic accidents on the city’s busy streets.Still another is the convenience of getting around: You’re usually right next to, or even in, a subway station.And you can even spend the night underground if you like.The Kyobashi Station, for example, in downtown Tokyo, has a hotel with a bar, restaurant, and barbershop.
All sorts of surprises can be found in the underground world.At the enormous Shinjuku Subway Station you drive down a winding road lined with water fountains to arrive at a scarce item in Tokyo—a parking lot—and you find stores and shops a few steps away.In the second basement of the Toshiba is a “Fisherman’s Wharf” crowded with pleasant little seafood places.A tunnel that connects the Hibiya and Sanshin Buildings has a number of art galleries, as well as medical and dental clinics.In between are little coffee shops where you can relax and get refreshments.
Probably the most versatile of the underground wonders, and certainly the most complicated to build, is the Yaesu Subcenter at the heart of the city, where four subway lines link up.Its shopping promenade, which is the size of three football fields, contains 350 stores.In Yaesu you can eat in a different place every day for three months.You can draw money out of a bank and invest it at a stockbroker’s office.There are tailors, watch repairers, furriers, florists, and book sellers.You can meditate in the Plaza of Water while gazing at eight tanks of rare fish.And you can even get arrested by a police officer from the Yaesu subterranean police station!
Under all the commercial activity is a parking lot for 520 cars.And under that is a control center where TV monitors watch the devices that watch the air-its temperature, moisture, and purity.There is no alarm for earthquakes, which are common in Tokyo, but the experts feel that there would be fewer problems underground than on the surface in case of tremors.Yaesu also has emergency generators for power and a chemical system for fighting fire.
Underground construction can be complex and expensive.At times, the Yaesu crews could work only three hours a day because their activities interfered with the running of the subway.Then there was the problem caused by finding unidentified water and gas pips.Since many of the municipal blueprints of pipe systems were destroyed during World War II, strange pipes kept turning up;and work had to be stopped while they were identified and taken care of by detour or replacement.
There was also some resistance from the people above ground.A good many neighborhood shopkeepers began to picket the project crying, “underground is for moles.” They reasoned that they would lose a lot of their business to the underground competition.The Yaesu people countered by offering them a chance to buy stock in the project.There were a lot of takers, and this had the effect of quieting the complainers.The Yaesu builders wanted to go deeper, but after they had spent 31 million dollars, they ran out of money.Still, there seems to be little doubt that there will be further development down under.In a city like Tokyo, almost the only space left is underground.
31.If you want to have your hair cut, you can go to the____. A)Hibiya and Sanshin Buildings B)Kyobashi Station C)Plaza of Water
D)Second basement of the Toshiba
32.It will take____to eat in a different place every day in Yaesu. A)350 dollars B)520 carsC)three months D)two hours 33.Which of the following statements is NOT true? A)You can buy furs, flowers and books underground. B)The air is purified underground.
C)You can eat fresh seafood underground.
D)The Yaesu crew work day after night to finish the project. 34.Why underground pipes are difficult to be identified?
A)Water and gas pipes are not taken care by construction workers. B)Underground pipe systems were destroyed during World War II. C)Many city planning blueprints can be found nowhere. D)Pipes were buried too deep underground. 35.What can be inferred from the passage that? A)Tokyo is a city rich in land resources.
B)Underground projects will develop further in the future. C)Underground projects are constructed for moles. D)When there is an earthquake, it’s safer to stay on the surface.Passage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
A few years ago, Ann and Walter Taylor thought it might be time to move out of their New York City apartment to the suburbs.They had one young son and another child on the way.But after months of looking, they became discourage and decided to buy an old townhouse right in the middle of Brooklyn, which is a part of New York City.To their delight, they discovered that they weren’t the only young couple to have made such a decision.In fact, their entire area in Brooklyn had been settled by young families.And as a result, the neighborhood, which had been declining for years, was now being restored.
Brooklyn isn’t the only city in the United States to experience this kind of renewal.So are Philadelphia and St.Louis.And Charleston,South Carolina,has so successfully rebuilt its old central area that it now ranks as one of America’s most charming cities.The restoration of the old port city of Savannah,Georgia,is also living proof that downtown areas do not need to die.But encouraging as these developments may be,they are among the few bright spots in a mass of difficulties that today’s cities face.Indeed,their woes are so many that it is fair to ask whether or not the inner city the core of most urban areas will manage to survive at all.
In the 1940s,urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air,elbow room,and privacy.Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside.Since most of those making the move were middle-class,they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods in which they had lived.The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move.Thus,many cities began to fall into disrepair.Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected.(In the past sixty years San Francisco is the only city in the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.)Meanwhile, housing construction costs continued to rise higher and higher.Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.
Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only.During the day they would be filled with people working in offices, and at night they would be deserted.Given these circumstances, some business executives began asking, “Why bother with going downtown at all? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the same area?” Gradually, some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more.This movement of business to the suburbs is not confined to the United States.Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium, as well.
But it may well be that this movement to the suburbs has reached its peak.Some people may be tired of spending long hours commuting, and they may have begun to miss the advantages of culture and companionship provided by city life.Perhaps the decision made by the Taylors is a sign that people will return to the cities and begin to restore them.It begins to look as if suburban sprawl may not have been the answer to man’s need to create an ideal environment in which to live and work.
36.According to the passage,Ann and Walter Taylor____. A)moved from city apartment to the suburb B)remained in the downtown area C)moved out of New York
D)bought an old townhouse in the suburb
37.It can be inferred from the passage that____. A)downtown areas must die in the future B)suburbs are sure to replace cities
C)the movement to the suburbs begins to decline D)there are just old and poor people left in the cities 38.Business have been moving to suburbs because____. A)people living in the suburbs are rich
B)many people work in cities and live in suburbs C)environment is pleasant in the suburbs
D)American businessmen are fond of moving around 39.Why the cities began to fall into disrepair in the 1940s? A)Because people could not earn enough money at that time. B)Because the municipal planning was not sound. C)Because old and poor people were neglected. D)Because many people moved out of the cities. 40.What is the main idea of the passage? A)American people move a lot in history. B)Downtown areas are too crowded to live.
C)Moving to suburbs is not the answer to an ideal environment. D)Cities are likely to be replaced by the suburbs.
Part Ⅴ Writing(30 minutes)Title: Loyalty to the Employer
Directions:Some people place a high value on loyalty to the employer.To others, it is perfectly acceptable to change jobs every years to build a career.Please indicate which position you agree with and why.Passage Two
The silence of the Reference Library was broken only by an occasional cough and now and then by the scarcely audible sound of pages being turned over.There were about twenty people in the room, most of them with their heads bent over their books.The assistant librarian who was in charge of the room sat at a desk in one corner.She glanced at Philip as he came in, then went on with her work.
Philip has not been to this part of the library before.He walked around the room almost on tiptoe, afraid of disturbing the industrious readers with his heavy shoes.The shelves were filled with thick volumes: dictionaries in many languages, encyclopedias, atlases, biographies and others words of reference.He found nothing that was likely to interest him, until he came to a small shelf out of his reach, so he had to fetch a small ladder in order to get one down.Unfortunately, as he was climbing down the ladder, the book he had chosen slipped from his grasp and fell to the floor with a loud crash.Twenty pairs of eyes looked up at him simultaneously, annoyed by his unaccustomed disturbance.Philip felt himself go red as he picked up his book, which did not seem to have been damaged by its fall.
He had just sat down when he found the young lady assistant standing alongside him.“You must be more careful when you are handling these books.” she said severely.Satisfied that she had done her duty, she turned to go back to her desk.Then a sudden thought struck her.“By the way, how old are you?” she asked Philip.“thirteen.” He told her.“You are not allowed in here if you’re under the age of fourteen, you know,” the assistant said.“Didn’t you see the notice on the door?” Philip shook his head.He expected the assistant to ask him to leave.Instead, in a more kindly tone, she said, “Well, never mind.But make sure that you don’t disturb the other readers again, otherwise I shall have to ask you to leave.”
15.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? 16.What can be found in this part of the library? 17.What can we learn from the passage?
Passage Three
Hidden passengers traveling in ships, trains, or even cars can be a terrible nuisance—especially when they are insects.In this respect, there is a great difference between human beings and insects.The former make every possible effort to avoid discovery, while the latter quickly draw attention to themselves.
We can only sympathize with the unfortunate man who had to stop his car soon after setting out from a country village to drive to London.Hearing a strange noise from the back of the car, he naturally got out to have a look.He examined the wheels carefully but as he found nothing wrong, he continued his way.The noise began almost immediately and now it was louder than ever.Quickly turning his head, the man saw what appeared to be a great black could following the car.When he stopped at a village further on, he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees nearby.
On learning this, the man realized that the only way to escape would be to drive away as quickly as possible.After an hour’s hard driving, he arrived in London where he parked his car outside a hotel and went in to have a drink.It was not long before a customer who had seen him arrived and hurried in to inform him that his car was covered with bees.The poor motorist telephoned the police and explained what had happened.The police decided that the best way to deal with the situation would be to call a bee-keeper.In a short time, the bee-keeper arrived.He found the unwelcome passenger hidden near the wheels at the back of the car.Very grateful to the motorist for his unexpected gift, the keeper took the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.Equally grateful, the motorist drove away in peace, at last free from the “black cloud” which had hung over his car.
18.What did he hear from the back of the car?
19.Where did he examine carefully but he found nothing wrong, he continued his way?
20.On learning this, the man realized what would be to drive away as quickly as possible?
答案與詳解 Part Ⅱ
Passage One 內(nèi)容概要:
本文討論的是關(guān)于土地的使用問題。作者以美國(guó)為例，講述了其過去各類土地資源的豐富及其當(dāng)前的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)，從而引出了有關(guān)土地使用的討論。到底應(yīng)該如何使用土地？這個(gè)問題很難做出決定。人們會(huì)依據(jù)土地本身及他們的需要及價(jià)值觀來定奪。作者還通過詳細(xì)講述森林及土壤保護(hù)的關(guān)系、露天采礦的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)等來引導(dǎo)讀者思考并反省他們的土地應(yīng)用價(jià)值觀。
21．【答案】B。
【譯文】似乎美國(guó)曾經(jīng)擁有足以分配的大量土地資源。 【試題分析】詞義辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】go around 可表示“走來走去、疾病傳播、結(jié)交相處或足夠分配” ：第一段作者羅列了一些在美國(guó)曾經(jīng)非常豐富的土地資源，但這都成為了過去，就是為了表明土地在過去“足夠分配”的含義。
22．【答案】D。
【譯文】這些土地應(yīng)用都在大量地鯨吞著寶貴的空間。 【試題分析】詞義辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】swallow up 表示“侵吞、吞掉、耗盡”的意思。因此C）“消失”以及B）“放棄”就可以輕易排除。而在本句當(dāng)中使用swallow up，作者正是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)一種完全的占據(jù)，故D）最合適。
23.【答案】D。
【譯文】總之，土地是很脆弱的。 【試題分析】詞義辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】fragile意為“易碎的，虛弱的”，作者在5、6段詳細(xì)的講述了森林與土地的關(guān)系。可以看到，森林的存在對(duì)于土壤及土地來說是非常有好處的，而一旦沒有森林的保護(hù)，土地狀況就變?cè)猓梢娖浯嗳跣浴９蔄）與C）選項(xiàng)談到土地的貧瘠或肥沃是不合適的。B）選項(xiàng)在詞義上則偏差太遠(yuǎn)。
24.【答案】D。
【譯文】文章第五段的要旨是森林如何產(chǎn)生土壤及保護(hù)水域的。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通過第五段的閱讀，大家不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其主要講述的內(nèi)容是森林中的落葉和一些動(dòng)物的糞便變?yōu)闋I(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的腐殖土，利于樹木生長(zhǎng)，而樹木反過來又保護(hù)了土壤，土壤又凈化了雨水。由此可見選項(xiàng)A）B）C）都是不完整的。
25.【答案】B。
【譯文】隨著鄉(xiāng)村也逐漸擁擠起來，人們更加意識(shí)到對(duì)未被占用的土地的需要。 【試題分析】詞義辨析及推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】農(nóng)村變的越來越擁擠，當(dāng)然有再多的A）公有土地還是不能解決問題。當(dāng)然D）私人土地更是幫不上任何忙。至于C），土地沒有種植也許有其他住戶或工業(yè)，看來只有B）尚未被占用的土地，才能給我們提供開闊的空間。
Passage Two 內(nèi)容概要:
本文討論的是一個(gè)城市到底如何才能變的有生氣。作者首先通過詳細(xì)的例子講述了城市規(guī)劃的重要性所在。鮮明的對(duì)比使我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)劃后的城市樓高了、路直了、綠地多了、景色更漂亮了。這樣的城市應(yīng)該是非常吸引居民的。然而事實(shí)并非如此，人們覺得這樣的城市很無聊，沒有生氣。作者以此引出了主題，一個(gè)城市規(guī)劃再好，要是沒有了一種城市精神，就無法激發(fā)居民的忠誠(chéng)和對(duì)城市的愛。
26.【答案】B。
【譯文】只有老練的出租車司機(jī)才熟知倫敦的全情。
【試題分析】詞義辨析題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通過第一段的閱讀，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)倫敦的街道彎彎曲曲、迂回曲折，想要在這樣的城市中找路，到底要什么樣的司機(jī)呢？顯然C）新手 和 D）熱心腸都不能真正幫上忙。那么A）當(dāng)?shù)厝嗽趺礃幽兀看蠹以谧詈笠痪淇梢园l(fā)現(xiàn)，和倫敦一樣沒有規(guī)劃的紐約，“even a native-born...despairs of finding his way...”可見當(dāng)?shù)厝苏衣范际翘貏e困難的。故只有B）選項(xiàng)可選。
27.【答案】C。
【譯文】從第一段中，我們可推斷出在倫敦成為出租車司機(jī)是很困難的。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】倫敦的規(guī)劃體制會(huì)是A）項(xiàng)中所闡述的健全的嗎？要是健全的，路就不會(huì)是迂回曲折的了。紐約、芝家哥同倫敦一樣，都是沒有規(guī)劃的發(fā)展，而不是B）中闡述的。而了解美國(guó)的同學(xué)應(yīng)該知道，布魯克林區(qū)是紐約市的一自治村鎮(zhèn)，這里的規(guī)劃和紐約一樣，不會(huì)是D）中所闡述的。而在倫敦，想成為出租車司機(jī)，你需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間來熟悉路況，通過全面的考試，可見資格的取得是相當(dāng)困難的。故選C）。
28.【答案】D。
【譯文】Kubitschek總統(tǒng)決定新建一座首都是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為發(fā)展內(nèi)陸城市是很有必要的。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題。
【詳細(xì)解答】巴西利亞是巴西的新首都，然而為什么要建立這個(gè)新首都呢？仔細(xì)閱讀會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)Rio de Janeiro（里約熱內(nèi)盧）瀕臨大西洋，大量的巴西人cram into把沿海城市塞得滿滿的，而國(guó)家內(nèi)陸城市的各種資源則untapped（沒有被開發(fā)利用)，Kubitschek總統(tǒng)希望通過建立一座新首都，均衡開發(fā)國(guó)家的資源，而絕對(duì)不是A）項(xiàng)中的那樣，希望人們向沿海城市發(fā)展。而巴西利亞剛建立時(shí)，不是B）或C）項(xiàng)中所講的繁華城市或大城市，只是一大片荒地罷了。
29.【答案】B。
【譯文】盡管哥倫比亞非常漂亮，但是會(huì)讓年輕人覺得很無聊。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題。
【詳細(xì)解答】通過文章的閱讀，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)哥倫比亞是一座planned city規(guī)劃過的城市。是使城市規(guī)劃者非常喜悅的，而不是A）中所陳述的。而哥倫比亞已經(jīng)建成，也不是C）中陳述的那樣，存在于規(guī)劃者的夢(mèng)想。也不會(huì)是D）項(xiàng)中所陳述的，一排排的臟房子以及稀少的綠地。而通過最后一段的閱讀“...a beautiful new city like Columbia that makes young people shrug with boredom”,可見應(yīng)選擇B）。
30.【答案】A。
【譯文】文章的主題是，一個(gè)城市必須有某種精神去激勵(lì)她的居民，否則這個(gè)城市將沒有任何生氣。 【試題分析】推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】作者首先通過詳細(xì)的例子講述了城市規(guī)劃的重要性所在。鮮明的對(duì)比使我們很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)劃后的城市樓高了、路直了、綠地多了、景色更漂亮了。這樣的城市應(yīng)該是非常吸引居民的。然而事實(shí)并非如此，人們覺得這樣的城市很無聊，沒有生氣。作者以此引出了主題，一個(gè)城市規(guī)劃再好，要是沒有了一種城市精神，就無法激發(fā)居民的忠誠(chéng)和對(duì)城市的愛。故選A）。
Passage Three 內(nèi)容概要:
本文講述了日本東京由于受地震、交通、城市擁堵、地價(jià)過高等因素的影響，而在地下大建工程的事實(shí)。作者列舉了一些地下工程的好處并列舉了日本的一些大型地下工程。在羅列了種種好處及大型地下工程的規(guī)模后，作者也講述了在施工時(shí)間上，施工過程中及資金等方面面臨的種種困難。但利弊的比較以及結(jié)合東京目前的現(xiàn)實(shí)，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)展地下空間將是一條很有前途的發(fā)展方式。
31.【答案】B。
【譯文】如果想理發(fā)，你可以去Kyobashi地下車站。 【試題分析】詞義辨析題。 【詳細(xì)解答】依據(jù)原文“The Kyobashi Station...has a hotel with a bar, restaurant, and barbershop”（Line7，Para2），“barbershop”的意思就是理發(fā)店。自然應(yīng)該選擇B。
32.【答案】C。
【譯文】在Yaesu，如果每天換不同的地方吃飯，那么要花三個(gè)月的時(shí)間。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題。
【詳細(xì)解答】依據(jù)原文“In Yaesu you can eat in a different place every day for three months”(Sentence 4, Para 4)。故選C。
33.【答案】D。
【譯文】Yaesu的施工人員夜以繼日的工作以完成這個(gè)工程，這個(gè)陳述是不正確的。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】地下的大型購(gòu)物場(chǎng)所可以大到三個(gè)足球場(chǎng)那么大，要買毛皮衣、鮮花和書自然很容易，吃到海鮮也很容易，故A）C）是正確的。地下建筑有什么好處呢？“Clean, filtered air is one of them”可見地下空氣是凈化過的，故B）也是正確的。只是地下工程很難進(jìn)行，一是由于受地鐵的影響，每天只能進(jìn)行三個(gè)小時(shí)，可見D）的陳述是錯(cuò)誤的。
34.【答案】C。
【譯文】為什么地下管道的位置難以被確定，這是因?yàn)樵S多的城市規(guī)劃藍(lán)圖已經(jīng)找不到了。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】A）項(xiàng)中陳述的建筑工人不注意這些地下管道，和這個(gè)問題沒有任何邏輯關(guān)系。B）項(xiàng)干擾性很強(qiáng)，如果你沒有細(xì)心閱讀，便會(huì)錯(cuò)選此項(xiàng)。依據(jù)原文“...many...blueprints...were destroyed...”可見，毀壞的是藍(lán)圖而不是地下管道本身，故B）項(xiàng)應(yīng)排除。應(yīng)選擇C）項(xiàng)，而D）項(xiàng)中，管道埋的很深顯然不是理由。
35.【答案】B。
【譯文】從文章中可以推斷，地下工程在未來將有更進(jìn)一步的發(fā)展。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】A）項(xiàng)最容易被排除，如果東京土地資源豐富的話，那么就不用開發(fā)地下資源了。C）項(xiàng)中闡述的。地下工程是專為鼴鼠建造的，這顯然不合邏輯，原文中出現(xiàn)的“underground is for moles”，只是為了表明一些反對(duì)地下工程人士的偏激觀點(diǎn)，不可選。而D）項(xiàng)顯然與原文“experts feel that...fewer problems underground than on the surface in case of tremors”沖突。
Passage Four 內(nèi)容概要:
本文通過介紹在美國(guó)歷史上出現(xiàn)的大量人口向郊區(qū)的遷移的事實(shí)，講述了曾經(jīng)由于人們?yōu)樽非笮迈r的空氣、開闊的空間等原因而大量移入郊區(qū)，從而使得城市的建設(shè)一度破落。商業(yè)的進(jìn)一步搬遷使得城市建設(shè)更加落后。但每天在城市與住所之間數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)的往返，以及人們對(duì)城市文化生活的懷念使得人們又重新搬回城市來。以此作者引出文章的主題，單純向郊區(qū)的遷移并不能為我們創(chuàng)建一片理想的工作生活的土地。
36.【答案】B。
【譯文】據(jù)這篇文章，Ann和Walter Taylor繼續(xù)留在了城市繁華地區(qū)。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】?jī)扇嗽鞠霃膫惗匕愕浇紖^(qū)，但“after months of looking, they became discouraged and decided to buy...in the middle of....a part of New York City”，可見并能如愿，并最終還是留在了城中。故選B。
37.【答案】C。
【譯文】從文章中可以推斷，向郊區(qū)的遷移開始下降。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題。
【詳細(xì)解答】依據(jù)原文“downtown areas do not need to die”(Line5, Para2)可知，A）選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。郊區(qū)肯定會(huì)代替城市嗎？顯然不可能，畢竟在城市，“the advantages of culture”是郊區(qū)無可比擬的。故B）選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)。而現(xiàn)在很多人又
開始向城市遷移，不可能只剩下老人和窮人，故D）錯(cuò)。
38.【答案】B。
【譯文】商業(yè)向郊區(qū)遷移是因?yàn)樵S多人在城市工作，郊區(qū)生活。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】大量的人居住在郊區(qū)，使得商業(yè)也向郊區(qū)遷移，這樣人們便不至于“spending long hours commuting” ,這不是由于郊區(qū)人有錢，郊區(qū)環(huán)境好或美國(guó)人喜歡搬遷，故排除A）C）D）。
39.【答案】D。
【譯文】在20世紀(jì)40年代，為什么城市變得破損失修呢？是由于太多的人搬出了城市。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)考察題。
【詳細(xì)解答】A）選項(xiàng)中的人們沒有足夠的錢，不符合原文，故排除，B）選項(xiàng)中歸咎于市政規(guī)劃，顯然不符合原文，之所以失修，是因?yàn)?“they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhoods...”可見太多的納稅人離開了城市，使城市沒有足夠的錢去修護(hù)、建設(shè)，自然選D）了。
40.【答案】C。
【譯文】文章的主題是，向郊區(qū)的遷移并不能解決理想的居住環(huán)境的問題。 【試題分析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。
【詳細(xì)解答】依據(jù)課文內(nèi)容我們得知，在美國(guó)歷史上，人們大量移入郊區(qū)，從而使得城市的建設(shè)一度破落。商業(yè)的進(jìn)一步搬遷使得城市建設(shè)更加落后。但每天在城市與住所之間數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)的往返，以及人們對(duì)城市文化生活的懷念使得人們又在重新搬回城市來。以此作者引出文章的主題，單純向郊區(qū)的遷移并不能為我們創(chuàng)建一片理想的工作生活的土地。故選C）。
Part Ⅴ 參考范文：
Loyalty to the employer
Different cultures place varying values on loyalty to the employer.In some countries, most notably in Asia, there is a high degree of loyalty to one company.However, in most European countries and the United States, loyalty to one’s employer is not high valued;instead it is considered more rational and reasonable for an employee to change jobs whenever it is warranted to achieve the optimal overall career.Both of these position have advantages and disadvantages.
In cultures that value loyalty to the employer, a kind of family relationship seems to develop between employer and employee.It is a reciprocal arrangement which the employer is concerned with assisting the employee to develop to his full potential and the employee is concerned about optimizing the welfare of the company.The negative aspect to absolute loyalty to one company is that an employee may stay in one job that he has outgrown and may miss out on opportunities to develop in new directions.From the employer’s point of view, the employee may be burdened with employee whose skills no longer match the needs of the company.
In culture in which it is quite acceptable to change jobs every few years, employees can blind the career they choose for themselves.They can stay with one company as long as it is mutually beneficial to company and employee.As long as good relationship exists and the employee’s career is advancing at an acceptable pace, the employee can remain with a company.But at any time the employee is free to move to another company, perhaps to achieve a higher position, to move into a new area, or to find a work situation that is more suitable to his personality.They disadvantage of this situation is employees tend to move around a lot.
Although both these systems have advantages and disadvantages, it is much better for employees have the opportunity to move from job to job if it is necessary to have a better career.
本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn) 10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：
baby-sit: 臨時(shí)照看嬰兒 indifference:冷漠 appointment:約會(huì)，預(yù)約 infect:感染、傳染
benevolent:仁慈的，寬容的 fragile:易碎的、虛弱的 snatch:突然搶走 release:釋放
discourage:使沮喪，使泄氣 abandon:拋棄 4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：
hold off:拖延 in return:作為?的回報(bào)
stand up for:堅(jiān)持 be particular about:對(duì)?挑剔
中國(guó)名校六級(jí)密卷(6)
上海交通大學(xué)外語學(xué)院 郭鴻杰
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
The media can impact current events.As a graduate student at Berkeley in the 1960s, I remember experiencing the events related to the People’s Park that were occurring on campus.Some of these events were given national media coverage in the press and on TV.I found it interesting to compare my impressions of what was going on with perceptions obtained from the news media.I could begin to see events of that time feed on news coverage.This also provided me with some healthy insights into the distinction between these realities.
Electronic media are having a greater impact on the people’s lives every day.People gather more and more of their impressions from representations.Television and telephone communications are linking people to a global village, or what one writer calls the electronic city.Consider the information that television brings into your home every day.Consider also the contact you have with others simply by using telephone.These media extend your consciousness and your contact.for example, the video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake focused on “l(fā)ive action” such as the fires or the rescue efforts.This gave the viewer the impression of total disaster.Television coverage of the Iraqi War also developed an immediacy.CNN reported events as they happened.This coverage was distributed worldwide.Although most people were far away from these events, they developed some perception of these realities.
In 1992, many people watched in horror as riots broke out on a sad Wednesday evening in Los Angeles, seemingly fed by video coverage from helicopters.This event was triggered by verdict(裁定)in the Rodney King beating.We are now in an age where the public can have access to information that enables it to make its own judgments, and most people, who had seen the video of this beating, could not understand how the jury（陪審團(tuán)）was able to acquit(宣布??無罪)the policeman involved.Media coverage of events as they occur also provides powerful feedback that influences events.This can have harmful results, as it seemed on that Wednesday night in Los Angeles.By Friday night the public got to see Rodney King on television pleading.“can we all get along?” By Saturday, television seemed to provide positive feedback as the Los Angeles riot turned out into a rally for peace.The television showed thousands of people marching with banners and cleaning tools.Because of that , many people turned out to join the peaceful event that saw unfolding on television.The real healing, of course, will take much longer, but electronic media will continue to be a part of that process.21.The best title for this passage is____.
A)The 1992 Los Angeles Riots
B)The Impact of Media on Current Events
C)The 1989 San Francisco Earthquake and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots D)How media Cover Events
22.All the following statements are true EXCEPT that____. A)electronic media can extend one’s contact with the world
B)those living far away from a certain event can also have some perception of realities by watching television
C)all the events occurring on the university campus at Berkeley were given national media coverage
D)video coverage of the 1989 San Francisco earthquake gave the viewers the impression of total disaster
23.The term“electronic city”in paragraph 2 refers to____. A)Los Angeles B)San Francisco C)Berkeley D)Earth
24.The 1992 Los Angeles riots broke out because____.
A)the jury acquitted the policemen who had beaten Rodney King B)people can make their own judgments
C)video coverage from helicopters had made people angry D)video coverage had provided powerful feedback 25.It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A)media coverage of events as they occur can have either good or bad results B)most people who had seen the video of the Rodney King beating agree with the verdict of the jury
C)the 1992 Los Angeles riots lasted a whole week
D)Rodney King seemed very angry when he appeared on television on Friday Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
The American with Disabilities Act(ADA)was signed into law in 1990.This law extends civil rights protection to persons with disabilities in private sector employment, all public services, and in public accommodations, transportation, and telecommunications.A person with a disability is defined as someone with a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits him or her in a major life activity, such as walking, talking, working, or self-care.A person with a disability may also be someone with a past record of such an impairment, for example, someone who no longer has heart disease but is discriminated against because of that history.
The ADA states that employers with fifteen or more employees may not refuse to hire or promote a person because of a disability if that person is qualified to perform the job.Also, the employer must make reasonable accommodations that will allow a person with a disability to perform essential functions of the job.All new vehicles purchased by public transit authorities must be accessible to people with disabilities.All rail stations must be made accessible, and at least one car per train in existing rail systems must be made accessible.
It is illegal for public accommodations to exclude or refuse persons with disabilities.Public accommodations are business and services such as restaurants, hotels, grocery stores, and parks.All now buildings must be made accessible, and existing facilities must remover barriers if the removal can be accomplished without much difficulty or expense.
The ADA also stipulates that companies offering telephone service to the general public must offer relay services to individuals who use telecommunications devices for the deaf, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week.
26.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A)To describe discrimination against persons with disabilities. B)To explain the provisions of the Americans with Disabilities Act. C)To make suggestions for hiring persons with disabilities. D)To discuss telecommunications devices for the deaf.
27.According to the passage, all of the following are affected by the Americans with Disabilities Act EXCEPT ____.
A)someone who has difficulty walking B)a public transit authority
C)an employer with fewer than fifteen employers D)a person with a past record of an impairment
28.The author mentions grocery stores as an example of ____. A)public transit B)barriers
C)private sector employment D)public accommodations
29.The author implies all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A)the ADA requires people with disabilities to pay for special accommodations B)the ADA is designed to protect the civil rights of many people
C)public transportation must accommodate the needs of people with disabilities D)The ADA protects the rights of people with mental impairments 30.It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A)restaurants can refuse service to people with disabilities
B)every car of a train must be accessible to persons with disabilities. C)the ADA is not well-liked by employers
D)large companies may not discriminate against workers with disabilities.Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
Studies of children’s acquisition of language suggest that the faculty of language includes an inborn knowledge of the formal principles of language structure, a knowledge that depends on generically determined portions of(usually)that left cerebral(大腦的)hemisphere.Although it is well established that the left hemisphere is specialized for language, one cannot say that language is “l(fā)ocated” in this or that part of the hemisphere.What is known is that language discorders are the results of lesions(損傷)in the left hemisphere.Disorders of language resulting from damage to the brain are called aphasias(失語癥).
The anterior(前面的)portion of the “l(fā)anguage area” is termed Broca’s area.Lesions in this area interfere with the motor(運(yùn)動(dòng)原)and articulatory aspects of language.Speech is slow,labored,grammatically incorrect,and telegraphic;in extreme cases,it may be impossible to carry out.Writing is likewise severely impaired.Comprehension of the spoken or written word,however,may be unimpaired or nearly so.(It is interesting to note that under emotional stress,a patient with Broca’s aphasia may be temporarily fluent.)Because Broca’s area is close to the motor cortex(腦皮層),if the former is damaged,the latter is often damaged simultaneously.Hence,such patients often suffer form weakness or paralysis of the right side of the body.Similar lesions in the right hemisphere will cause a left-sided weakness of paralysis but will have no effect on language.
Damage to the posterior(后面的)portion of the “l(fā)anguage area, ” especially to Wernick’s area, results in a loss of comprehension of the spoken word and often of the written word.The patient’s native language is now like a foreign language.In addition, the patient’s speech is rapid and well-articulated, but without meaning.Writing is defective, and words that are heard cannot be repeated, although hearing itself is completely normal.Similar lesions in the right hemisphere usually have no effect on language.
Injuries to the “l(fā)anguage area” in children result in severe aphasias, but the development of language mechanism in the right hemisphere can often compensate for them to an extraordinary degree.This potential function of the right hemisphere is probably normally suppressed by the left hemisphere.In adults, aphasias from similar lesions are often permanent.
31.The author is primarily concerned with ____. A)describing the process of language acquisition B)explaining potential treatment of language defects
C)showing the importance of the left hemisphere of the brain to language mechanisms
D)depicting various means of diagnosing language defects
32.Unlike a patient with Wernicke’s aphasia, a patient with Broca’s aphasia can ____.
A)comprehend written but not spoken language B)hear and read with comprehension
C)speak articulately and also comprehend spoken language D)write and speak readily and coherently
33.According to the passage,which of the following statements about the right hemisphere of the brain is accurate?
A)It has the potential to serve as a “l(fā)anguage area”.
B)It controls the ability to comprehend but not the ability to speak a language C)If it is damaged, gross motor control of the right side of the body may be affected.
D)It is the right where Wernick’s area is located.
34.It can be inferred that aphasias in adults often result in permanent damage because ____.
A)much memory is lost
B)adults have more trouble learning a foreign language
C)the right hemisphere is no longer as adaptable as it once was. D)brain cells in adults are especially vulnerable to infection
35.It can be inferred that the author bases his description on ____. A)clinical studies of instances of damage to the brain
B)studies of language development in children without brain damage C)microscopic examination of the brain structure
D)examples of the integration of the left and right hemispheresPassage Four Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work,allnight cable TV and the Internet, Earth’s creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms.Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle.Simply put,our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day.Most women and men need between eight and eight and a half hours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives.(Contrary to popular belief,humans don’t need less sleep as they age.)
But on average,Americans sleep only about seven and a half hours per night,a marked drop from the nine hours day averaged in 1910.what’s worse,nearly one third of all Americans get less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night.For most people, that’s not nearly enough.
Finding ways to get more and better sleep can be a challenge.Scientists have identified more than 80 different sleep disorders.Some sleeping disorders are generic.But many problems are caused by staying up late and sleeping in, by traveling frequently between time zones or by working nights.Dr.James.F.Jones at National Jewish Medical and Research Center in Denver says that sleep disorders are often diagnosed at other discomforts.About one third of the patients referred to him with possible chronic fatigue syndrome actually have treatable sleep disorders.“Before we do anything else, we look at their sleep,” Jones says.
Sleep experts say that most people would benefit from a good look at their sleep patterns, “My motto(座右銘)is ‘sleep defensively’,” says Mary Carskadon of Brown University.She says people need to carve out sufficient time to sleep, even if it means giving up other things.Sleep routines-like going to bed and getting up at the same time every day-are important.Pre-bedtime activities also make a difference.As with Elsneer, who used to suffer from sleeplessness, a few lifestyle change-avoiding stimulants and late meals, exercising hours before bedtime, relaxing with a hot bath—yield better sleep.
36.What is TRUE of human sleep?
A)Most people need less sleep when grow older.
B)Most people need seven and a half hours of sleep every night.
C)On average, people in the U.S.today sleep less per night than they used to. D)For most people, less than six hours of sleep on a typical work night is enough. 37.For our bodies to function properly, we should____. A)sleep for at least eight hours per night B)believe that we need less sleep as we age C)adjust our activities to the new inventions
D)be able to predict the rhythms of our biological clocks
38.According to the author, many sleeping disorders are caused by ____. A)other diseases
B)pre-bedtime exercises C)improper sleep patterns D)Chronic fatigue syndrome
39.Which of the following measures can help you sleep better? A)Staying up late. B)Taking a hot bath. C)Having late meals.
D)Traveling between time zones.
40.“Sleep defensively” means that ____.
A)people should go to a doctor and have their problems diagnosed B)people should exercise immediately before going to bed every night C)people should sacrifice other things to get enough sleep if necessary. D)People should give up going to bed and going up at the same every day.Part Ⅴ Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Information in the Modern World.You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
1.信息在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的重要性 2.信息傳播的方式
3.談?wù)勑畔⒃谖磥砩鐣?huì)的作用 Information in the Modern World
Section B Passage One
In the past 20 years, scientists have learnt a great deal about sleep and dreams.They have discovered, for example, that sleep and dreams affect the way people feel.A good night sleep, generally, makes a person happier in the morning.Dreams also have a strong effect on the moods of people.However, who appears in a dream is more important than what happens.
Every person has a special dream character.If the special character appears in dreams, people are happier after sleeping.If there are many people in one’s dreams, this has a good effect.A person will wake up happier.
The moods of people affect their performances throughout the day.The level of one’s moods rises and falls during the day.The less sleepy the people are, the better they perform, and usually they are more friendly, more aggressive, and more clear thinking.
Some day scientists hope to manipulate sleep in order to control the way people feel and perform.Passage Two
In a great number of Western, as well as Eastern societies, many adults have been taught not to cry, or have even forgotten how.This is very unfortunate, because, although it may have been necessary at one point to learn to hold back one’s tears, the ability to cry is actually very human.It is a natural thing, and one of the special ways nature has given us to cure ourselves of the hurts we receive in the course of living.
If crying is helpful in the curing of physical ills, we can easily imagine the importance of tears and the ability to cry in the curing of emotion ills, and in helping people who are emotional well-being as well.You may have observed this in your personal life.For example, many times after a good cry, we can think more clearly or feel more lighthearted or sleep more easily, because some kind of load has been lifted from within.Passage Three
Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome.I’m sure we have all heard the expression, “Think Green.” Tonight we are going to talk about ways that we can “Act Green” in our everyday life.
The best place to start, of course, is in the home.Every day, people all over the world are hurting the environment without even knowing it.For example, busy families buy paper napkins and plastic food wrap at the supermarket.This helps them save time on housework, but after these things have been used, what happens to them? They go into the garbage heap.In many places, especially in North America, big cities are running out of places to throw their package.What can we do about it?
How can we cut down on garbage? Well, we can start using cloth napkins and cloth towels instead of paper towels.When we go grocery shopping, we can choose products that are not “overpackaged.” For example, last week I bought a package of cookies.The cookies were in a bag.There was a plastic tray inside the bag, and then each cookies was in its own little package on the tray in the bag!That’s overpackaging!We should also take our own bags to the grocery store to carry things in.答案與詳解
Part Ⅱ Passage One
內(nèi)容概要:
本文主要講媒體對(duì)時(shí)事的影響。文中列舉了許多事例說明這一點(diǎn)。如電視和電話把人們與地球連到了一起，有位作家把地球村稱之為“電子城”，媒體對(duì)事件的報(bào)道會(huì)提供強(qiáng)烈的反饋反過來又會(huì)影響事件本身等等。
21.【答案】B。 【譯文】本文的最佳題目是媒體對(duì)時(shí)事的影響。 【試題分析】本題測(cè)試考生的綜合理解能力。
【詳細(xì)解答】從整篇文章看，作者主要講的是媒體對(duì)時(shí)事的影響。第1段第1句和第二段的第1句就已點(diǎn)明。因而B）為正確答案。
22.【答案】C
【譯文】下列陳述不正確的是“所有發(fā)生在伯克利大學(xué)的事件在全國(guó)性的媒體都上報(bào)道了”。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】第2段，有“這些媒體拓寬了人們的視野和接觸范圍”一句。可見選項(xiàng)A）的意思是對(duì)的，也即不是正確選項(xiàng)。第2段最好一句也就是B的意思，因此B也是對(duì)的。D的內(nèi)容與文章意思吻合，文中第2段中有這樣一句話：這給觀眾以大災(zāi)難的印象。因而D）也不可能是正確選項(xiàng)。C說的是所有發(fā)生在伯克利大學(xué)的世界全國(guó)性的媒體都予以報(bào)道。但文章第1段第3句說，發(fā)生在伯克利加州大學(xué)的某些（不是所有）事件在全國(guó)性媒體上報(bào)道了。由此可見C）的說法與原文不符，故為正確選項(xiàng)。
23.【答案】D。
【譯文】電子城指的就是地球。 【試題分析】詞語理解題。
【詳細(xì)解答】本題問的是electronic city，實(shí)際上考的是對(duì)global village的理解。由于city一詞，而且是個(gè)選擇中的三個(gè)城市在文章中都被提到。因此該題目有一定的迷惑性。但如果考生知道global village是“地球村”的意思，也知道“電子城”就是指的“地球村”，那么這道題比較容易回答。
24.【答案】A。
【譯文】1992年落杉磯騷亂的原因是陪審團(tuán)宣布?xì)騌odney King的警察無罪。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】第3段第2句說這次騷亂是由于對(duì)Rodney被毆打一案所作的裁決引起的。后面還提到大多數(shù)看過Rodney King被毆打錄像的人都無法理解為什么陪審團(tuán)會(huì)宣布?xì)驘o辜者的警察無罪。從這兩句話可以得出A是正確選項(xiàng)。
25.【答案】A。
【譯文】媒體事件的報(bào)道既可帶來好影響也可造成惡劣的后果。 【試題分析】推理引申題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文中第3段說，媒體對(duì)事件的報(bào)道會(huì)提供強(qiáng)烈的反饋，反過來又會(huì)影
響事件本身。由此可知，媒體對(duì)事件的報(bào)道既可帶來好的影響也可造成惡劣的后果，因此A是正確選項(xiàng)。 Passage Two 內(nèi)容概要:
本文主要講美國(guó)為保護(hù)殘疾人而制定的各種法律。在享受醫(yī)療保健、教育和交通旅游權(quán)利等方面從法律上都有明確規(guī)定。
26.【答案】B。
【譯文】本文的主要目的是解釋美國(guó)人為保護(hù)殘疾人而制定的殘疾人法。 【試題分析】歸納結(jié)論題。
【詳細(xì)解答】這篇短文的中心內(nèi)容就是討論和解釋美國(guó)人是如何從法律上和公共事業(yè)角度進(jìn)行廣泛的努力保護(hù)和幫助殘疾人。選項(xiàng)B正好回答了這個(gè)問題。故B是正確答案。
27.【答案】C
【譯文】雇員少于15人的情況不在美國(guó)殘疾人法的范圍之內(nèi)。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】選項(xiàng)C說的是少于15人的情況，而文中第二段第一句說的是雇員多于15人的雇主不得拒絕雇傭能夠勝任工作的殘疾人。因此C是排除于短文內(nèi)容以外的選項(xiàng)。
28.【答案】D。
【譯文】公共設(shè)施包括食品店。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】第4段第2句話給public accommodation下定義是把選項(xiàng)D包括了進(jìn)去，與parks, restaurants and hotels并列。
29.【答案】A。
【譯文】文中沒有提及殘疾人必須對(duì)其特殊住所支付費(fèi)用。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】短文中沒有講到或暗示過殘疾人必須對(duì)其特殊住所支付費(fèi)用（peoplewith disabilities must pay for specialaccommodations），而B、C、及D項(xiàng)選擇的內(nèi)容在第一和第三段都講到或暗示過。
30.【答案】D。
【譯文】可以推測(cè)大公司不可以歧視有殘疾的工人。 【試題分析】推理引申題。
【詳細(xì)解答】關(guān)鍵詞是第二段前兩個(gè)句子：（employers with fifteen or more employees may not refuse to hire or promote a person because of a disability...must take reasonable accommodations...）。A項(xiàng)選擇不符合第4段的意思，B項(xiàng)選擇不符合第3段的意思，而C項(xiàng)選擇在短文中找不到支持信息。 Passage Three 內(nèi)容概要:
本文第1段為主題段，點(diǎn)明了大腦左半球與語言機(jī)制之間的關(guān)系；第2、3段分別描述了大腦左前區(qū)和左后區(qū)損傷對(duì)語言機(jī)制的不同影響；最后一段主要是講大腦右半球在大腦左半球受損導(dǎo)致失語癥時(shí)的代償作用。
31.【答案】C。
【譯文】本文主要是為了說明大腦左半球?qū)φZ言機(jī)制的重要性。 【試題分析】歸納結(jié)論題。
【詳細(xì)解答】文章第1段就概括了這篇文章是關(guān)于大腦左半球與語言機(jī)制的關(guān)系，大腦左半球?qū)φZ言機(jī)制起著重要的作用。所以C）是正確答案。
32.【答案】B。
【譯文】勃洛卡區(qū)失語癥病人和韋尼克失語癥病人不同，前者既能聽懂也能讀懂。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】第2段第3、4、5句告訴我們，大腦左前區(qū)損傷對(duì)說和寫的能力有嚴(yán)重影響，但一般不會(huì)影響聽和讀的理解。因此選項(xiàng)A）和C）有部分差錯(cuò)，選項(xiàng)D）完全不對(duì)，而惟有選項(xiàng)B）正確。
33.【答案】A。
【譯文】大腦右半球在在左半球受損傷的情況下具有代償作用。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】依據(jù)是最后一段第1句。既然在大腦左半球受傷而造成嚴(yán)重失語癥的情況下，兒童的大腦右半球通常可形成代償機(jī)制，就說明大腦右半球具有充當(dāng)“語言區(qū)”的潛力。所以A）是正確答案
34.【答案】C。
【譯文】成年人的失語癥經(jīng)常導(dǎo)致永久的損傷是因?yàn)榇竽X右半球不再具有適應(yīng)性。 【試題分析】推理引申題。
【詳細(xì)解答】從最后一段我們得知，同是“語言區(qū)”（即大腦左半球）損傷導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重失語癥，兒童的失語癥通常可由大腦右半球語言機(jī)制的發(fā)展得到一定彌補(bǔ)，但成人的失語癥則一般是永久的。這種對(duì)比說明，成人的大腦右半球已不像兒童（即從前）那樣具有適應(yīng)性。因而答案應(yīng)選C）。
35.【答案】A。
【譯文】作者的描述的依據(jù)是大腦損傷進(jìn)行的臨床觀察和研究。 【試題分析】推理引申題。
【詳細(xì)解答】本文是通過描述大腦不同部位損傷與失語癥之間的關(guān)系來論證主題的，而在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有采用A）的方法（即對(duì)腦損傷進(jìn)行臨床觀察和研究）才能發(fā)現(xiàn)這種關(guān)系。Passage Four
內(nèi)容概要:
本文講的是睡眠問題。瓊斯醫(yī)生說，睡眠紊亂經(jīng)常被診斷為其他毛病。睡眠有規(guī)律是很重要的。與睡前的活動(dòng)也有關(guān)系。晚飯不要吃得太晚，睡前避免過長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的運(yùn)動(dòng)，洗個(gè)熱水澡，都會(huì)使人睡得香一點(diǎn)。
36.【答案】C。
【譯文】平均而言，美國(guó)人的睡眠時(shí)間比過去少。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】答本題應(yīng)仔細(xì)閱讀頭上兩段。第2段說，美國(guó)人現(xiàn)在平均每天只睡7個(gè)半小時(shí)，比1910年平均睡9個(gè)小時(shí)要少得多。而且，有將近三分之一的美國(guó)人在工作完后只剩6個(gè)小時(shí)還不到的睡眠時(shí)間。對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言，這是不夠的。故只有C是正確選項(xiàng)。
37.【答案】A。
【譯文】為了保證身體正常工作，我們應(yīng)該至少有8個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】[JP+3]本題測(cè)試考生對(duì)第1段最后第2句話的理解。該句說，大多數(shù)男人和女人每晚需要8到8個(gè)半小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間才能保證他們的正常工作。因此A是正確答案。
38.【答案】C。
【譯文】作者認(rèn)為，睡眠紊亂是由于不合理的睡眠方式引起的。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。 【詳細(xì)解答】第3段第3句說，“許多睡眠問題是由晚睡晚起、經(jīng)常作跨時(shí)區(qū)旅行及上夜班引起的”。在這里只提到了“晚睡晚起”，即C所指的improper sleep patterns，而沒有提到其他疾病、睡前鍛煉和慢性疲勞綜合癥，因此惟有C是正確選項(xiàng)。
39.【答案】B。
【譯文】睡眠之前洗個(gè)熱水澡可以幫助你睡的香一些。 【試題分析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。
【詳細(xì)解答】本題問的是下面的措施中哪一個(gè)可以幫助你睡得香一些。文章最后一句說，改變一下生活方式可以幫助你睡得香一些，句中列舉的幾項(xiàng)措施包括晚飯不要吃得太晚或洗個(gè)熱水澡等。故B“洗個(gè)熱水澡”是正確選項(xiàng)。
40.【答案】C。
【譯文】為了得到足夠的睡眠，有必要犧牲其他事情。 【試題分析】詞語理解題。
【詳細(xì)解答】本題考對(duì)短語“sleep defensively”的意思理解，這要從上下文去理解。下面一句話說，人們須擠出足夠的睡眠時(shí)間，哪怕這意味著放棄其他的事情。這就解釋了該短語的意義。因此選項(xiàng)C“如果必要人們應(yīng)犧牲其他事情來得到足夠的睡眠”是正確答案。
Part Ⅴ 參考范文
Information in the Modern World
Information is of great significance in the modern world.Since the world is developing at an ever-increasing speed, it is important for us to be well-informed.Otherwise, we will fail to keep pace with the fast developing world.Therefore, on the one hand, we need information to communicate with each other, on the other hand, we are in need of it to compete with others and to attain our goals.Success in many fields depends on the acquisition of the latest information, while failure results from the lack of necessary information.
Then how to get well-informed? Today, there are many means of getting and exchanging information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.For example, reading newspapers, listening to the radio and watching TV are common means of getting information.In addition, in the booming age of science and
technology, people can have easy access to the Internet, which proves the most convenient and efficient bridge to the outside world.
As to the role of information in the future, I assume that it will play a more and more crucial role in society.And what is more important is that people can acquire more prompt and extensive information on which their success depends.
本套試卷測(cè)試語言重點(diǎn) 10個(gè)重點(diǎn)單詞：
overwhelming:壓倒的、勢(shì)不可擋的 anticipate:預(yù)期、預(yù)計(jì) expand:膨脹
crucial:重要的、關(guān)鍵的
detach(from):使分離、使分開、拆卸 preside(over):主持
diminish:貶低、減少、縮小 occurrence:發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)
explicitly:清晰地、顯而易見地 rectify:改正、矯正 4個(gè)重點(diǎn)詞組：
intent on:專心、執(zhí)著
cast light upon:使(某事）更為清楚、闡明 summon up: 鼓起（勇氣） see to:照料、照顧、負(fù)責(zé)
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