第一篇：寫作,高頻詞匯,聽力技巧,易錯詞組

寫作模板

提綱式作文

1． 對立觀點式

A．有人認為X 是好事，贊成X，為什么？

B． 有人認為X 是壞事，反對X，為什么？

C．我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X.They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一個原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground.They consider it harmful to do X.They firmly point out that 反對X 的第一個理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一個例子。

There is some truth in both arguments.But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages.In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。

2． 批駁觀點式

A．一個錯誤觀點。

B． 我不同意。

Many people argue that 錯誤觀點。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。An example they have presented is that 一個例子。（According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 贊成這個錯誤觀點或者受到這個錯誤觀點的影響）。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief.But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 與錯誤觀點相反的觀點。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。

3． 社會問題（現象）式

A．一個社會問題或者現象。

B． 產生的原因

C．對社會和我們生活的影響

D． 如何杜絕。（如果是問題的話）

E． 前景的預測。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly become a common concern of the public).According to a survey, 調查內容說明這種現象的情況。（或者是一個例子）。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.下面參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm.參照辯論式議論文的寫法。

Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..寫作模板——圖表式作文

It is obvious in the graphic/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic changes.It has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table.First of all, …(第一個原因).More importantly, …(第二個原因).Most important of all, …(第三個原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future.The trend described in the graphic/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).寫作模板——辯論式議論文

模版1

Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that 觀點1.But other people take an opposite side.They firmly believe that 觀點2.As for me, I agree to the former/latter idea.There are a dozen of reasons behind my belief.First of all, 論據1.More importantly, 論據2.Most important of all, 論據3.In summary, 總結觀點.As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預測.模版2

People hold different views about X.Some people are of the opinion that 觀點1, while others point out that 觀點2.As far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more weight.For one thing, 論據1.For another, 論據2.Last but not the least, 論據3.To conclude, 總結觀點.As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預測.模版3

There is no consensus of opinions among people about X（爭論的焦點）。Some people are of the view that 觀點1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 觀點2。As far as I am concerned, the former/latter notion is preferable in many senses.The reasons are obvious.First of all, 論據1。

Furthermore, 論據2。

Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest.That is, 論據3。

A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that總結觀點。As a college student, I am supposed to 表決心.或 From above, we can predict that 預測.英語六級改錯中常出現的高頻短語

1.abide by(=be faithful to;obey)忠于；遵守。2.be absent from….缺席，不在

3.absence or mind(=being absent-minded)心不在焉

4.absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力be absorbed in全神貫注于…近

:be engrossed in;be lost in;be rapt in;be concentrated on;be focused on;be centered on

5.(be)abundant in(be rich in;be well supplied with)富于,富有

6.access(to)(不可數名詞)能接近,進入,了解

7.by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外.Without accident(=safely)安全地，8.of one’s own accord(=without being asked;willingly;freely)自愿地,主動地

9.in accord with與…一致.out of one’s accord with同….不一致

10.with one accord(=with everybody agreeing)一致地

11.in accordance with(=in agreement with)依照,根據 12.on one’s own account

1)為了某人的緣故,為了某人自己的利益

2)(=at one’s own risk)自行負責

3)(=by oneself)依靠自己

on account賒賬;on account of因為;on no

account不論什么原因也不;of…account有…..重要性.13.take…into account(=consider)把...考慮進去

14.give sb.an account of說明,解釋(理由)

15.account for(=give an explanation or reason for)解釋,說明.16.on account of(=because of)由于,因為.17.on no account(=in no case, for no

reason)絕不要,無論如何不要(放句首時句子要倒裝)

18.accuse…of…(=charge…with;blame sb.for sth.;blame sth.on sb.;complain about)指控,控告

19.be accustomed to(=be in the habit of, be used to)習慣于.20.be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of)了解;(=to have

met socially)熟悉

21.act on奉行,按照…行動;act as扮演;act for代理

22.adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to)使自己適應于

23.adapt…(for)(=make sth.Suitable for a new

than)除…外

with, cling to，堅持,遵循

for)…的可能，留有…的余地

need)改編,改寫(以適應新的需要)

24.in addition(=besides)此外,又,加之

25.in addition to(=as well as, besides, other

26.adhere to(=abide by, conform to, comply

insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief)粘附;

27.adjacent(=next to, close to)毗鄰的,臨近的28.adjust..(to)(=change slightly)調節;適應;

29.admit of(=be capable of, leave room.30.in advance(before in time)預告,事先.31.to advantage有利的,使優點更加突出地.32.have an advantage over勝過.have the advantage of由于…處于有利條件

have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事

33.take advantage of(=make the best of, utilize, make use

of, profit from, harness)利用.34.agree with贊同(某人意見)agree to同意

35.in agreement(with)同意,一致

36.ahead of在…之前,超過…;…………….ahead of time提前.37.in the air 1)不肯定,不具體.2)在謠傳中.38.above all(=especially, most important of all)尤其是,最重要的.39.in all(=counting everyone or everything，altogether)總共,總計

40.after all畢竟,到底;(not)at all一點也不;

all at once(=suddenly)突然;once and for all只此一次;above

all最重要的;first of all首先;all in all大體上說;be all in累極了;all

but幾乎.41.allow for(=take into consideration, take into

account)考慮到,估計到.42.amount to(=to be equal to)總計,等于.43.answer for(undertake responsibility for, be liable for，take charge for)對…負責.44.answer to(=conform to)適合,符合.45.be anxious about為…焦急不安;或anxious for

46.apologize to sb.for sth.為…向…道歉

47.appeal to sb.for sth.為某事向某人呼吁.appeal to sb.對某人有吸引力

48.apply to sb.for sth.為…向…申請;apply for申請;apply to適用.49.apply to與…有關;適用

50.approve of(=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree

to, consider good, right)贊成, approve vt.批準

英語四六級聽力40條常考習語 1)take a rain check 提前預測

2)lost count 弄不清楚

3)be in another world 精神恍惚；魂不守舍

4)make yourself at home 隨意，隨便

5)save your breath 省口氣吧；別白費口舌了

6)make sense 有意義，理解

7)cost sb.an arm and a leg 非常昂貴

8)burn a hole in one's pocket 很快地被花光

9)fill one's shoes 很好地頂替；令人滿意地替代

10)is ice cold 表示理所當然

11)like apples and oranges 用來表示無法相比的事物 13)lose one's train of 忘記

14)meet each other half way 相互妥協，讓步

15)on the dot 準時；正點

16)once and for all 最后一次；干脆

17)out of earshot 不在聽力所及范圍

18)out of this world 非常好

19)play by ear 隨機應變，視情形而定

20)ring a bell 令人想起某件事；聽起來耳熟

21)share a common outlook 有共同的觀點

22)six of one and half-a-dozen of the other 半斤八兩；沒什么區別

23)stick around 在附近逗留或等待

24)stick with 繼續做，堅持

25)straighten out 扯平；結清

26)toss and turn(身體)翻來覆去(通常表示難以入睡)

27)turn one's back on(在別人遇到困難時)不愿幫助

28)under the weather 身體不適，生病

29)bite off more than one can chew 貪多嚼不爛；心有余而力不足；不自量力；力不從心

30)break new ground 創新

31)do the trick 做成功；達到理想的結果

32)drag one's feet 行動緩慢；磨磨蹭蹭不情愿

33)draw the line 拒絕，拒不容忍 34)feel down in the dumps 心情不好；情緒低落

35)few and far between 不多；少而分散的；不常碰到或發現的；稀少的

36)fit as a fiddle 身體很健康

37)grin and bear 任勞任怨；毫無怨言地忍受

38)hit the spot(特指吃了食物，喝了飲料之后)精神完全恢復過來或感到滿足；恢復精力；提精神

39)keep between the two of us 不讓第三者知道，保密

40)know a thing or two about 略知一二 2)

新四級變在何處？如何備考？本期請到了昂立四、六級專家組專家廖懷寶，請他談一下新四級應對攻略。

難度增加——聽力閱讀變化最大

從考核方向來看，新四級考試更注重考察考生實際運用英語的能力，具體體現在題型的改變上。新四級考試分4個部分：聽力、閱讀、綜合運用和寫作。變化最大的屬聽力部分和閱讀部分。新四級的聽力部分在原有的短對話、短文和復合式聽寫的基礎上，又增加了長對話部分。整個聽力的占分比重由原先的20%增加到35%。新舊題型的主要差別有兩點。一是題量加大：舊題型只有兩部分，而新題型有三部分；二是難度加大：新題型的對話部分由原來的10個短對話改為8個短對話和2個長對話。

就中國學生相對比較強的閱讀而言，考生比較擅長的是在相對長的時間里讀相對短的文章，這恰恰是對舊四級的考察方式。而新四級閱讀中加入快速閱讀，對考生自然是一大挑戰。閱讀部分的占分比重雖然由原先的40%下降到35%，但是題型增加了，難度也相應增大了。舊四級中，閱讀只考多項選擇題，但是新四級考試中會增加快速閱讀和選詞填空兩個題型。選詞填空對于廣大中國考生是比較陌生的題型，對考生提出了更高的要求。

綜合運用部分占15%，基本是沿用了一些舊題型：完形填空或改錯，簡單回答或漢譯英。基本沒變的是寫作部分，占分15%，仍然是寫一篇議論文或應用文。本次四級新題型的考試在題量上增幅較大，而且時間比舊題型考試僅僅多出了5分鐘，所以考生面臨的第一個問題是時間。在考前準備過程中，考生應根據題型的特點以及自身的水平合理分配各題型所需的時間。

總而言之，新題型總體而言難度并不大，關鍵在于了解該題型的特點，調整好相應的方法和時間。

新計分體系——科學反映聽、詞、讀、寫各項的能力

需要注意的是，在新的710分系統中，分數不僅體現學生的相對名次，更能分項(寫作、閱讀、聽力、詞匯)地表達出每個項目當中學生的相對名次，這就是在題型改革之前計分題型首先改革的科學之處。將來的用人單位可以很清楚地通過學生四級、六級的成績單了解到該學生英文的各個方面的能力。所以，各位同學都別再討論四、六級證書是否和學位證相關這樣的問題了，因為無論它們相關與否，四、六級的成績單都是直接體現出你的英語語言能力的，而且，在你沒有參加其他的能夠體現你英語語言能力的考試(例如PETS、TOEFL、IELTS、GRE、托業、博思等，但是這些考試遠遠難于四級考試)之前，四級成績單是你曾經學過英語的主要憑證！

遇強則強——聽力部分的應對方案

-短對話部分

短對話一直是學生們比較穩定的得分點。

在最新的新四級中，短對話的題目數量由過去的10道減少到8道。但是短對話作為最基本的類型化聽力題目的事實沒有改變。11題、12題、18題屬于動作行為題；14題是傳統的人物關系題，而16題則是更加傳統的對話地點題。大部分題目都可以按照過去題目的套路解決。例如動作題目注意情態動詞后的謂語，人物關系題注意職業特征詞匯，地點題目抓住核心地點詞匯，等等。所以，短對話部分依然是各位考生拿分的保險項目。

-長對話部分

長對話是四級題目中最新的面孔。

前四題是一個稍長的長對話，后三題基于一個稍短的長對話，可以把它認為是短對話和聽力短文的結合。因為長對話在四級的表現就是聽力短文式的問題設置用短對話的形式進行表現。聽長對話的時候，首先，信息定位很重要。對話時，開頭的客套以及問候與結尾的道別結束語很少出題，而對話中段往往才是重點；其次，邊聽邊看，盡量在聽的時候確定哪個選項能夠最大程度地吻合，這是做短文聽力的要訣，同樣適用于長對話；最后，長對話的源頭多是托福聽力，所以，諸如校園、找工作、租房、圖書館等等高頻場景需要著重注意。

-聽力短文部分

聽力短文是傳統題目，所有文體無外乎兩種：故事和說明文。說明文包含了簡單說明文、科技說明文和人物傳記。作為一種經常出現的問題形式，它已經和小對話一樣有了很明顯的通用解題技巧。第一、迅速從選項辨別問題類型，若為故事，結尾和對話需要非常小心，若為說明文，首尾必然有題要出；第二、在整個過程中保持絕對的注意力，多數題目中的準確答案實際就是和聽力原文能夠最大限度吻合的選擇項。千萬不要因為有不懂單詞和不懂的句子出現就放棄，其實那些都是假象；第三、注意短文的常考點，諸如首末句、轉折關系、邏輯關系、最高級等，這些都被證實幾乎是屢考不爽的考點了。

-復合式聽寫

復合式聽寫歷來是考生們最頭疼的四級“絕殺”。因為完全沒有選擇，需要真刀真槍地寫出所有答案。但是，在新四級當中，由于作為固定模式出現，復合式聽寫將永恒存在。10題中，前7空需要寫出7個單詞，實際上，這些單詞中大部分都屬于能夠聽懂，但是容易寫錯的單詞。所以，平時的功底就很重要了。而對于分數設計較高的最后3個空，也就是長句子聽寫，建議用“按照自己的話把題目要點寫出來”而盡量不要“完全按照聽到的寫下來”，因為后者的難度實在太大，另外，也沒有必要。

第二篇：申論 寫作 易錯點

申論寫作的幾個誤區，大家學習，避免錯誤再犯!

申論寫作是很多公考者所頭痛的事情。不管是申論的初學者還是具有一定申論寫作功底的人，了解申論寫作中所存在的常見性錯誤，對于申論的備考都具有重要的導向性作用，當然，最為重要的還是要學會總結，熟悉行政文化本身的特點。祝愿各位學習進步！考試順意！申論寫作典型錯誤

一、行文模式化

有經驗的考生對于申論寫作的“萬能八條”肯定不會陌生。隨著公務員考試招考的規模與參考人數的破紀錄增長，公考的培訓業也隨之紅火了起來，在眾多的“公考技能培訓”中，“成果”最大，影響最深的莫過于鐘君先生的“萬能八條”了。

不可否認的是，總結出“萬能八條”的人是應試教育的天才，而且在其最初面世的階段確確實實的改變了許多考生的公考之路。從一定意義上講“萬能八條”是申論寫作的最佳模板，但是對于考察應試者閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、提出和解決問題的能力、語言表達能力、文體寫作能力、時事政治運用能力、行政管理能力的公務員考試來講，“萬能八條”模板中走出來的考生只能成為重在參與規則的犧牲者，因為公務員考試選拔的是具有實實在在行政辦公能力的工作者，而不是培訓培訓、模式模式就能出爐的產品。

為幫助廣大考生有效的提升申論寫作的能力，把握住公考的脈搏，避免因為“萬能八條”等模式所帶來的影響，現結合閱卷中的實際案例進行具體的分析論證：為什么申論的行文應避免模式化?

案例一(如何弘揚主流文化)：

一、加強領導對于弘揚主流文化的重視，提高對于弘揚主流文化的認識;

二、加強社會宣傳工作，營造良好的社會氛圍;

三、加強對與文化工作者的素質培訓，提高文化工作者的素質;

四、健全政府的法律法規，完善社會制度...以上考生的答卷就是完完整整的模式化套路，典型的特點就是籠統、寬泛，乍一看好像非常有理，但其實缺少實質性內容，與試卷所給的材料缺乏聯系，一言以蔽之：獨立于材料的案例之外。為了加深考生對于模式化文章的認識，我們再舉一例：

案例二(如何加強城市建設)：

一、各級領導干部要高度重視，樹立正確的政績觀，密切關注城市規劃建設等問題;

二、在全社會營造關于加強城市規劃體制建設的良好文化氣氛;

三、通過社會公共教育培訓，提高廣大工作人員的業務素質...以上兩個案例所反映的共同問題可以用八個字來形容：思維僵化、毫無意義。那么，怎么才能避免申論行文的模式化，消除“萬能八條”所帶來的局限性呢?以案例一為例，比較規范的作答方式是：

一、結合社會主義核心價值體系的內容與要求，以“八榮八恥”為指導，樹立社會主義核心價值觀。主流媒體應當明確自身所承擔的社會責任，以社會利益為導向，了解民間疾苦，感知百姓冷暖，落實文化監督。同時，提高創新意識，積極應對大眾媒體的挑戰，完善文化傳播手段，大力弘揚主流文化，發揮主流媒體應有的引導的作用。文化主管部門應當建立健全對主流文化產品創作生產的引導機制，以激發文化工作者積極創作的熱情，激發創作潛能，不斷強化監管手段，加大對“三俗文化”的懲處力度。

二、正視當前文化體制發展中所存在的三俗等問題，把握社會主義文化發展規律，通過提升主流文化的引導力與表現力，增強人民群眾對于主流文化的認同感。必須推進市場經濟條件下的文化體制改革，將計劃和市場分開，明確文化事業單位的商業價值功能和社會文化傳播效益功能，明確身份定位。同時，政府部門應加大對主流文化產業的資金支持，成立專項基金，用于支持和發展主流文化產業，特別是對那些有著深遠教育意義，短期內無法見諸商業效益的文化產業要堅決給予無償支持和保護...通過以上的案例分析，我們可以得知，要避免申論行文的模式化，應具備的基本要求是：第一、認真分析材料，緊密聯系材料內容;第二、理論與實際相結合，增強策論的針對性與可操作性。第三、熟悉國家的相關政策，增強行文的現實感與實質性內容。

在以往的申論批改中，申論行文的模式化是具有普遍性的問題，而且也是非常致命的問題(失分最大，最容易成為三類乃至四類卷)。最后，需要鄭重提醒考生的是，申論的寫作沒有什么速成法，也沒有捷徑可言，只有踏踏實實的去學，認認真真去寫，才能提升自己的能力，符合一名合格公務員所應具有的基本素養。

申論寫作典型錯誤

二、行文切入與總結不當

要提升申論寫作的能力，贏得高分需要建立在對國家大政方針的理解及對于材料的運用等基礎之上。因此，申論能力的提高不是一朝一夕之功，需要長時間不懈的堅持與有效的練習。要獲得申論的高分取決于眾多的因素，但有過批改申論或者作文批改經驗的人士應該很清楚，好的開頭與恰當的結尾往往就是成功的開始，也就是我們常說的“鳳頭豹尾”。那么在實戰中，關于申論的開頭與結尾往往存在著怎樣的問題，又該如何修改呢?下面，我們將結合具體的案例加以分析。

首先需要明晰的是，為什么好的開頭和結尾很重要。申論的“頭”就像人的臉，就算“虛有其表”至少也會給人一種很友好、親近的感覺，從而在閱卷老師的心目中確立良好的印象。要知道，包裝是必要的，有名有實當然好，但“有名”也是贏取高分的第一步也是最關鍵的一步。一個很簡單的例子就是三國的龐統，雖然名聲在外，但還是因為自己的“頭部”問題，給自己的“就職”等多方面帶來了重要的影響。因此，寫好申論的開頭與結尾就是走上公務員之路的開始。

案例

一、有考生在寫通貨膨脹專題的時候，這樣寫道“通貨膨脹和國內物價上漲，會引起出口商品的減少和進口商品的增加，從而對外匯市場上的供求關系發生影響，導致我國匯率波動。人民幣對內價值的下降必定影響其對外價值，將進一步削弱人民幣在國際市場上的信用地位，人民幣持有者會因通貨膨脹而預期人民幣的匯率將趨于疲軟，把手中持有人民幣轉化為其它貨幣，從而導致匯價下跌，人民幣貶值”。考生主要論述的是通貨膨脹帶來的社會影響，內容上并沒有錯。但撇開語法等角度的問題，我們應該明確，申論行文應自由過度，首先第一步應簡要的概述材料的背景(大概120字左右)，然后再引出相應的問題，并適時的提出自己的論點(在此提醒考生一定要將自己的中心論點在文章的起首段就明確的提出)。反觀該考生，整個第一段行文所論述的都是通脹及人民幣升值的社會影響，行文突兀不說，且沒有直接明了的提出自己的論點。

文章的結尾與起首同樣重要，好的結尾也是一篇規范的申論應有的結構。可是在具體的寫作中，結尾的重要性卻往往被考生所忽視，以下是兩位考生行文的結尾性段落：

案例

二、城市創造美好未來，城市規劃需要我們不斷努力不斷探索，需要我們堅持不懈久久為功。相信經過我們不斷努力一定能夠建設出和諧的城市環境。

案例

三、總之，只有堅持社會主義核心價值觀為中心，采取扎實有效的措施，才能解決主流文化發展中遇到的問題，才能使中國特色社會主義文化獲得長足發展與進步。

上面兩位考生所犯的同一個錯誤就是：結尾潦草、空洞，缺少實質性內容。結尾是一篇文章的結束，從書法的角度來講，收好最后一筆才是完整的結束。那么，怎樣的結尾才是行之有效的結尾呢?

基本的模式有兩種：名人名言+號召性語言+點題;聯系時代發展的主題+號召性語言+點題。兩種結尾模式有一個共同的特點，那就是點題，因此考生一定要注意，不管采用何種結尾的方式，點題或者重申論點都是行政文化的特質及必然要求。當然，任何一種結尾方式都要活學活用，避免生搬硬套等本本主義。最后慎重提升廣大考生，寫好文章的開頭與結尾不是投機取巧，開頭和結尾只是行文的一部分，最為重要的還是行文的內容，因此，功夫應在考場之外。

第三篇：高中英語易混易錯詞匯小結(二)

高中英語易混易錯詞匯小結

（二）<李雨制作>

51.in class, in the class

in class 在課上，in the class 在班級里，如：He is the best student in the class.52.on fire, on the fire

on fire 著火，on the fire 在火上，如：Put the food on the fire.The house is on fire.53.out of question, out of the question

out of question 毫無疑問的，out of the question 不可能的。

54.a second, the second

a second 又

一、再一，the second 第??，如：He won the second prize.55.by day, by the day

by day 白天，by the day 按天計算，如：The workers are paid by the day.56.the people, a people

the people指人，a people指民族，如：The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57.it, one

it 指同一物體，one指同類不同一，如：I lost my pen.I have to buy a new one.58.that, this

that指代上文所提到的，this導出下文所要說的，如：I was ill.That's why?

59.none, nothing, no one

none強調有多少，nothing, no one強調有沒有，nothing指物，no one指人。---How many?/How much??

---None.60.anyone, any one

anyone指人，不能接of；any one指人、物均可，可接of，如：any one of you。

61.who, what

who指姓名或關系，what指職業或地位，如：

---What is your dad?

---He is a teacher.62.what, which

what的選擇基礎是無限制的，which在一定范圍內進行選擇，如：Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

63.other, another

other后接名詞復數，another后接名詞單數，如：other students, another student

64.not a little, not a bit

not a little 非常，not a bit 一點也不，如：I’m not a bit tired.我一點兒也不累。

65.many, much, a lot of

many和可數名詞連用，much和不可數名詞連用，a lot of 可數、不可數均可，但不用于否定句，如：I haven’t many books.66.much more?than, many more?than

much more?than后接形容詞或不可數名詞，many more?than后接可數名詞，如：many more people, much more water, much more beautiful。

67.no, not

no=not a/any，如：no friend=not a/any friendno water=not any water。

68.no more than, not more than

no more than相當于only，“僅僅、只有”，not more than “至多，不超過”。

69.majority, most

majority只能修飾可數名詞，most修飾可數、不可數均可，如：the majority of people。

70.by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

by oneself 單獨的、獨自的，for oneself 為自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的、自動的，如：The door opened of itself.71.at all, after all

at all 根本、全然，after all到底、畢竟，如：After all he is a child.72.tall, high

tall常指人或動物，high常指物體，如：He is tall.73.fast, quickly

fast側重于指人或物體具有運動速度快的特點，quickly側重指某事完成或發生的快，如：run fast, answer the question quickly。

74.high, highly

high指具體的高，highly指抽象的高、高度的，如：think highly of。

75.healthy, healthful

healthy 健康的、健壯的，healthful 有益于健康的，如：healthful exercise。

76.sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping 正在睡覺，asleep 睡著、熟睡（只能做表語），sleepy困的、有睡意的，如：a sleeping baby The baby is asleep.I'm sleepy.77.gold, golden

gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金魚用gold fish。如：a gold ring。

78.most, mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中，相當于very，當“大部分、大多數”解時是形容詞或名詞；mostly“大部分”，是副詞，如：most people, the people are mostly?

79.just, very

just表強調時是副詞，作狀語；very表強調時是形容詞，用作定語。如：the very man, just the man。

80.wide, broad

wide側重于一邊到另一邊的距離，broad側重于幅面的寬廣，如：broad shoulders。

81.real, true

real“真的、真實的”，指的是事實上存在而不是想象的；true“真的、真正的”，指的是事實和實際情況相符合。如：real gold, a true story。

82.respectful, respectable

respectful 尊敬、有禮貌，respectable 可敬的、值得尊敬的，如：be respectful to the aged。

83.outwards, outward

二者均可用作副詞，表示“向外、外面”，outward還可用作形容詞，如：an outward voyage。

84.pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定語，pleased, pleasing常用作表語，pleased主語常為人，pleasing主語常為物，如：a pleasant trip，The trip is pleasing.85.understanding, understandable

understanding 明白事理的、能體諒的，understandable 可理解的、能夠懂的，如：an understanding girl, an understandable mistake。

86.close, closely

close接近、靠近，closely緊緊地、緊密地，如：closely connected, stand close。

87.ill, sick

ill做表語，sick做定語、表語均可，如：a sick boy。

88.good, well

good是形容詞；well是副詞，但指身體狀況時是形容詞，如：He is well again.89.quiet, silent, still

quiet指安靜的，可以發出小的聲音；silent指不發出聲音，但可以動；still指完全不動，完全無聲響。如：He stand there still.他站在那兒，一動不動，也不說話。

90.hard, hardly

hard努力，hardly幾乎不，如：work hard，I can hardly believe it.91.able, capable

able與不定式to do連用，capable與of連用，如：He is capable of doing?

92.almost, nearly

二者均為“幾乎、差不多”，和否定詞連用用，如：almost nobody。

93.late, lately

late遲、晚，lately最近、近來，如：I haven't seen him lately.94.living, alive, live, lively

living, alive, live均為“活著的”。living做定語、表語均可；alive做定語、表語均可，定語后置；live只能做定語；lively意為活潑的，如：all the living people=all the people alive。

95.excited, exciting

excited（人）興奮的，exciting（事、物）令人興奮的，如：I'm excited.The news is exciting.96.deep, deeply

deep指具體的深，deeply指抽象的深、深深地，如：deeply moved, dig deep。

97.aloud, loud

aloud出聲地，loud大聲地，如：read aloud（出聲地讀）。

98.worth, worthy

二者均為“值得”，worth后接doing，worthy后接to be done, of being done，如：It is worth visiting.= It's worthy to be visited.= It's worthy of being visited.99.bad, badly

bad為形容詞；badly為副詞，意為“不好”，但與need, want, require連用為“很、非常”，如：go bad／I need the book badly.100.before long, long before

before long 不久以后，long before 很久以前，如：not long before = before long。

第四篇：英語寫作常用詞匯及詞組

英語寫作常用詞匯及詞組

· 表層進· 表舉例· 表解釋· 表總結· 表強調· 表讓步· 表比較· 表轉折· 表時間

表層進

first, firstly to begin with

second, secondly to start with

third, thirdly what's more

also and then

and equally important

besides in addition

further in the first place

still furthermore

last last but not the least

next besides

too moreover

finally

表舉例

for example for instance

to illustrate as an illustration

after all

表解釋

as a matter of fact frankly speaking

in this case namely

in other words

表總結

in summary in a word

in brief in conclusion

to conclude in fact

indeed in short

in other words of course

it is true specially

namely in all

that is to summarize

thus as has been said

altogether in other words

finally in simpler terms

in particular that is

on the whole to put it differently

therefore

表強調

of course indeed

above all most important

emphasis certainly in fact

表讓步

still nevertheless

in spite of all the same

even so after all

concession granted naturally

of course

表比較

in comparison likewise

similarly equally

however likewise

in the same way

表轉折

by contrast although

at the same time but

in contrast nevertheless

notwithstanding on the contrary

on the other hand otherwise

regardless still

though yet

despite the fact that even so

even though for all that

however in spite of

instead

表時間

after a while afterward

again also

and then as long as

at last at length

at that time before

besides earlier

eventually finally

formerly further

furthermore in addition

in the first place in the past

last lately

meanwhile moreover

next now

presently second

shortly simultaneously

since so far

soon still

subsequently then

thereafter too

until until now

when

段首句:

（一）對立觀點命題形式的首句：

1.Many people do not doubt that A is superior to B , while others think quite differently on the issue of _____.Personally, I stand on the side of A.2.Some people say A , other people argue B.In a word , _____.But I cannot agree this point of view for many reasons.3.There are different views concerning this topic.Some people like to CHOOSE A , some prefer to CHOOSE B.Personally , I prefer B.I think B has more advantages.4.From my point of view , it is more advisable to CHOOSE A than to CHOOSE B.5.Despite the fact that most people prefer A , I would like to choose B because the following reasons.6.In general , I prefer to _____.7.As far as I am concerned , I would like to prefer _____.8.When it comes to _____ , most people tend to believe A.But others consider B as _____.9.When asked about _____ , the vast majority of people would support that A.But others regard B as _____.10.At the risk of address the issue too direct , I prefer A because I think that _____.11.When asked about _____ , many people give their opinions that _____ , but other people may see _____ differently.12.When faced with _____ , quite a few would claim that _____ , but others , in contrast , deem _____ as _____.13.When inquired about _____ , the vast majority of people would like to _____ , but other people , who hold an opposite view , consider _____ as _____.14.When _____ is mentioned _____ , most people believe that _____ , but other people would rather think _____ as _____.15.While many people may stick to me idea that _____ , I would like to prefer _____.（二）單一觀點式

A.Agree

1.One of the greatest writers once said that _____.Now , it still has its significant realistic value.2.I would follow the reasoning that _____.3.Many people advocate that _____.They claim that _____.My opinion is the same as theirs in the following reasons.4.I totally agree with the statement that _____.The reasons are presented below.5.After pondering this question on many occasions , I finally reached the conclusion that _____ is something worthy to do and I cannot skip it.6.my arguments for point are listed as follows.7.I agree with the above statement because _____.8.Nowhere in the world has the issue of _____ been so much debated like in our society.9.I agree with the statement that _____ without reservation because _____.10.Thinking logically , I can only say that the title statement is valid because _____.11.I fully support the statement above because I am very sure that _____.12.Some may hold the opinion that AAA.But others have a negative attitude.As far as I am concerned , I agree that _____.13.Many one have the idea that AAA.However , many others disagree with this argument.But both side of the problem whether _____ are supported by good reasons.14.Recently , it has been much debated over the problem of AAA.Those who object to AAA announce that _____.But those who favor AAA utter a sonorous voice that _____.15.Recently , there is vehement discussion on the issue of _____.Those who criticize _____ argue that _____.They claim that _____.But people who firmly advocate _____ , on the other hand , argue that _____.16.There is a much-debated problem today about _____.Those who object to _____ argue that _____.They are very sure about _____.But people who prefer _____ , on the other hand , claim that _____.B.Disagree

1.Until recently , _____ was viewed as _____.But people are taking a fresh look at it.2.Recently , we often hear about _____.But is it ?

3.These days , it is often heard about _____.But is this really the truth ?

4.I feel such an attitude is negative , and that it can bring _____.5.Some people argue as if it is a general truth that _____.But to be frank , I cannot agree with them for the flowing reasons.6.Despite the fact that many people believe that _____ , I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.7.Although some people hold the opinion that _____ , I wonder whether the argument could bear close examination.8.In the nationwide , discussion , many people argue that _____.But I can say nothing but _____.9.Advocates of AAA proclaim that _____ , but I _____.10.Until recently , _____ was regarded as _____.But _____.11.Some people think that _____ , but I disagree with this opinion for numerous reasons , as presented below.12.Now , it is increasingly mentioned that _____.Such people think _____.But I can only cast doubt on whether _____.13.Now , it is widely believed that _____.These people think _____.But I wonder if _____.14.I cannot totally the idea that _____.Because , in my point of view , I believe _____.15.As a matter of fact , I support that _____ , but I cannot agree with the title statement.16.Nowadays , it is widely held that _____.People of this kind think _____.But I doubt whether _____.結尾句:

1.Taking into account of all these factors , we may reach the conclusion that _____.2.All reliable evidences point to one saying , that is _____.3.For the reasons presented above , I strongly commit to the notion that _____.4.While it is true that _____ , I think that _____.5.Given the factors I have just outlined , I can only say that _____.6.This is not to say that _____.But in terms of _____ , it is _____.7.Therefore , it is easy to draw the conclusion that _____.8.Recognizing the fact that _____ should drive us to conclude that _____.9.To put all into a nutshell , I _____.10.In a word , I support the statement that it is better to _____ because

短文寫作的基本模式

（一）議論文

(1)

It is generally believed that..is a hot topic which is widely talked about both at home and abroad.Now our government attaches great importance to solving this problem.Scicntists in this field have put forward a number of suggestions tending to relieve it.To begin with,we should..Furthermore,..It is clear that..People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people think that..According to them,all of us should..Others argue that..In their opinion,nobody can..without..There is no doubt that..As a consequence..In short,I firmly support the view that..It is because..So my conclusion is that..(107 words)

(2)

There is no denying the fact that … is popular topic which is much talked about not only by …, but also by … It is generally thought that … The reasons for … are as follows.To begin with, … Secondly , … Therefore,we should attach great significance to solving the problem.There are , I think ,at least two possible ways to cope with it.The first way to tackle it is to appeal to the authorities to take drastic measures to(do)… The other policy that is worth adopting is to work out new regulations to(do)… Only in this way can we succeed in dealing with the problem in the near future.To conclude ,it seems obvious … So the prospect we are looking forward to will be both bright and encouraging.(127 words)

（二）圖表作文

As is shown in the table(or in the picutre), … dropped from … in 1996.According to the figures given in the table, … has greatly increased(or decreased)in the past … years(or decades), reaching … in 1996.From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline(or rise)in … It is clear that …

There are at least two good reasons for … On the one hand, … Let’s have an example to illustrate the great increase in … On the other hand, … is due to the fact that … In addition, … is responsible for … Maybe there are some other reasons to show … But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.As far as I am concerned, I believe that …… I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.(126 words)

第五篇：聽力詞匯

分類詞匯與表達

飯店：menu, juice，main course(主菜)，tip(小費)make a reservation “預訂”

Do you accept credit cards? 可以用信用卡嗎?

May I see the wine list, please?請給我看一下酒單。

What do you recommend?有什么菜可以推薦的嗎?

Do you have any local specialties? *local “這一地區的”，specialty “特色，特產”。

How would you like your steak（牛排）prepared?

Well-done, please.*rare“三成熟(中嫩的)”，medium “適中的，半成熟”，well-done “熟透”I'm on a diet.我在節食。

I could eat a horse.*直譯是“我能吃下一匹馬”。表示餓的程度，“非常地餓”。

Can you use chopsticks?你會用筷子嗎?

Keep the change.不用找錢了。

I couldn't eat another bite.(再也吃不下了。)

May I have a receipt, please? 請開張發票。

旅館：

Shower 淋浴air-conditioner空調, toilet衛生間lobby 大堂

check in/out辦理入住或離開, make a reservation預定, register登記, reception desk 服務臺 I want a double room with a bath.我要一間有浴室的雙人房。

How much a day do you charge?每天收費多少？

醫院：

clinic診所surgeon外科醫生physician內科醫生dentist牙醫vet獸醫psychiatrist心理醫生symptom癥狀flu流感

have/catch a cold感冒have a sore throat嗓子痛have a stomachache胃痛

have a fever發燒have a cough咳嗽have a headache頭痛

have a toothache牙痛feel dizzy頭暈feel chilly覺得發冷

vomit/throw up/nauseate嘔吐pills藥丸eyedrops眼藥水

vitamin維他命tablet藥片injection注射

cold cure感冒藥take one's temperature量體溫 feel one's pulse量脈搏

take one's blood pressure量血壓 have an operation 動手術make an appointment預約 recover 恢復medical exam 體檢cancer 癌癥kidney 腎lung 肺

nervous system 神經系統virus 病毒

How about your appetite today? 今天你的胃口怎么樣？

My father had a heart attack last night.我父親昨天晚上心臟病發作了

We’ll give you an injection to bring down the temperature 我們將給您注射以便您的體溫降下來。

銀行 & 金錢：

open an account 開帳戶, withdraw 取錢, deposit 存錢, saving存款, cash a check兌支票 bank teller 出納員，accountant會計，financial problem經濟問題

make a fortune 賺大錢exchange money 兌換貨幣coin 硬幣

電話：

receiver 聽筒operator 接線員collect call 對方付費電話

You’re wanted on the telephone.有你的電話。

Hold on，please.請稍等。

I want to make a long distance call.我想打個長途。

Pick up the receiver and deposit a coin in the slot.拿起話筒，然后將硬幣投進硬幣口中。

The line is busy.線路一直很忙。

You must have dialed the wrong number.你一定打錯電話了。

Please leave a message on the answering machine? 在錄音留言中留言

He hung up without saying a word.打錯了, 我想。他一句話也沒說就把電話掛了。

I’ll call you back as soon as possible.盡快給你回電話

郵局：

registered letter掛號信stamp郵票，envelope信封，parcel包裹，postage郵費，postcard明信片，postbox郵箱

學校：

Dormitory，dorm 宿舍，dining hall/cafeteria食堂，student union 學生會

Required course必修課，elective class選修課，credit 學分，tuition 學費

Diploma 文憑degree 學位master degree 碩士學位，Ph.d 博士學位

Bachelor degree 學士學位，undergraduate 本科生graduate 畢業生

Graduate student 研究生graduate school研究生院，大一到大四學生：freshman，sophomore, junior, senior，student ID 學生證

Major 專業，engineering工科，science 理科，literal arts 文科

Absence/absent 缺席, drop/skip the class 翹課play truant 逃學drop out of school 輟學

Dean 學院的院長，faculty 大學的全體教員，Part-time job 兼職，work-study program 勤工儉學計劃apply for a loan 申請貸款

academic performance 學習成績

GPA(Grade point average)：一些國家對于成績的說法score/mark 分數

Debating team 辯論隊chorus 合唱隊soccer 足球poster 海報

Concentrate on study 專心學習

term paper n.學期報告presentation n.發言

飛機/機場：

flight, safety-belt, boarding card 登機卡, captain, airhostess（空姐）, airline, take off, land, crash, round ticket, economy class, passport護照visa簽證

I haven't nothing to declare.我沒有要申報的東西。

I'd like a refund on this ticket.我要退這張票。

I'd like to reconfirm my flight from London to Tokyo.我要再確認一下我從倫敦到東京的班機。

Do you have anything to declare? 你有東西要申報關稅嗎？

Is the departure time on schedule? 起飛時間準時嗎？

What's the cause of the delay? 什么原因延誤？

May I have baggage tags? 請給我行李標簽好嗎？

May I have a customs declaration form, please? 請給一份海關申報表好嗎？

Where's a tax-free shop? 免稅店在哪兒？

Could you help me find my baggage? 請你幫我找我的行李好嗎？

Will the flight be canceled? 這班機會被取消嗎？

What's the fare to New York, Economy Class? 去紐約的經濟艙機票多少錢？

Are there any discount tickets for me? 給我有折扣嗎？

What time does the plane take off? 飛機何時起飛呢？

One way or a round trip ticket? 單程票還是雙程票呢？

What platform does the train leave from? 這班車從哪個站臺開出呢？

Where is the boarding gate for this flight? 這班飛機的登機門在哪兒？

Where is the ticket office? 售票處在哪兒？

開車

Gasoline汽油，gas station加油站，garage 修車鋪，車庫，engine 引擎safety belt 安全帶

Parking lot 停車場，traffic lights 紅綠燈traffic jam 堵車Intersection/cross 十字路口，Get a ticket 罰單fine 罰款driving license 駕照one-way street 單行道

spare tire 備用輪胎a flat tire 車胎癟了

看電影：

Horror movie恐怖片，detective movie 偵探片，cartoon卡通片，romance愛情片，happy ending喜劇結尾，drive-in 汽車影院，不必下車的露頭影院

Popcorn 爆米花，soda汽水 coke 可樂

圖書館：

librarian 圖書管理員

I am sorry, the book you borrowed is overdue, you can not renew/reserve it.您借的書已超期，不能續借/預約。

家居：

blanket 毛毯cushion 墊子quilt 被子pillow 枕頭

carpet 地毯（大的整塊的，鋪房間的那種）rug 地毯（小塊的，放在沙發等邊上的那種）

sheet 床單 mattress 床墊（厚的那種）make bed 整理床鋪

refrigerator，fridge, ice box 冰箱 oven 烤箱toaster 烤面包機apron 圍裙

plate 盤子 dish 碟子bowl 碗spoon勺子fork 叉子

bathroom 浴室，廁所flush toilet 抽水馬桶toilet tissue 衛生紙

bathtub 浴缸tap faucet 水龍頭towel 毛巾

comb 梳子soap 肥皂shampoo 洗發露

conditioner 護發素dryer 吹風機razor 刮胡刀

toothpaste 牙膏toothbrush 牙刷sink 水池

ashtray 煙灰缸door knob 門把手corridor 走廊balcony 陽臺elevator 升降電梯hook 鉤子

electric iron 電熨斗carpenter 木工plumber 管道工

washing machine 洗衣機plug 插頭glue 膠水

packing paper 包裝紙scissors 剪刀hammer 錘子

nail 釘子curtain 窗簾drawer 抽屜

I put too much detergent in the washer.我在洗衣機里放了太多的洗衣粉。

This stain is really stubborn.這污垢去不掉。

Will you press this shirt for me? 可以幫我把這件襯衫燙平嗎？

Power failure 停電Soap opera/TV play/TV serials 電視劇，肥皂劇

工作/面試：

Resume 簡歷，personnel manager人事經理，board 董事會，business trip 出差，promotion，promote升職，employ/hire 雇傭

Do you have any sales experience? 你有銷售經驗嗎？

What work were you responsible for at your previous work unit？你在以前的部門負責什么工作

My coworker got a raise but I didn't.我的同事加薪了，可我卻沒有。

I am fed up with the way the boss treats me, I quit.我受夠了老板對我的態度，我辭職了。

Tom was fired for slacking at work.湯姆因為工作偷懶被炒魷魚了。

I just heard that seven people are going be laid off next month.我剛聽到公司要裁七位員工.I need a sick leave for two days."(我需要請兩天病假.)

I refuse to work overtime during the weekend.我拒絕在周末時加班.性格 & 外貌

Talkative 健談，sociable好交際的，sensitive 敏感的，shy害羞的outgoing外向的Easygoing 隨和的absent-minded 心不在焉的forgetful健忘的stubborn 固執的Strong-minded 有主見的snobbish 勢力的aggressive 好斗的，有野心的Ambitious 有抱負的，conservative 保守的Pessimistic悲觀的 Narrow-minded 心胸狹窄的Dishonest 不誠實的Selfish 自私的Bad-tempered/ill-tempered 脾氣暴燥的Bossy專橫跋扈的Greedy貪婪的 Optimistic 樂觀的Cheerful 開朗的Open-minded 思想開明的 Intelligent/Clever/Smart有才智的聰明的Creative 有創造性的 Determined 有決心的Courageous/Brave 勇敢的Caring 關愛的 Generous 慷慨的Warm-hearted 熱心腸的 Trustworthy 值得信任的 Upright正直的 Sincere真誠的Obedient聽話孝順的 Modest謙虛的 Unselfish無私的 Tolerant容忍的 Considerate/Thoughtful體貼人的 Understanding 理解人的Sympathetic確有同情心的 Supportive/Helpful助人的 Hardworking 不辭辛苦Responsible 負責任的 Practical務實的 Dedicated 專注的有獻身精神的Humorous幽默的 Independent 自立的Charming/attractive/appealing 迷人的Slender/slim 苗條overweight 超重的plump 豐滿的skinny骨瘦如柴的smart 瀟灑的/聰明的特殊的數字

quarter 一刻鐘、四分之

一、季度a dozen 一打、十二個score 二十

monthly 一月一次daily 一日一次weekly 每周一次

fortnight 兩星期decade 十年century 世紀、百年 millennium 千年