第一篇:復旦名教授英譯漢翻譯講義1-6
復旦名教授英譯漢翻譯講義1
Unit 1
I.英漢翻譯原理第一講: 什么是翻譯?
【例1】
The history of a tree from the time it starts in the forest until the boards which it yields are used, would form an interesting and, in many instances, an exciting story.(“×”號表示譯文有問題,下同)×樹的歷史開始于森林中,直到生產為木板后被使用為止,成為一個有趣且有許多事例的激動人心的故事。
上面這句話的原文實際上主要說了兩點內容:
1、樹的歷史的起迄時間
2、樹的歷史是怎樣一回事
【譯文】
一棵樹,從它在森林中生長起直到被制成木板使用為止,這段歷史會構成一個饒有趣味的故事,在很多情況下這個故事十分激動人心。
【例2】
There are two regulatory systems which interact.One timing system comes from the evidence of our senses and stomachs, and the periodicity we experience when living in a particular time zone.×有兩個調節系統相互作用。一個定時系統來自于我們的感官和胃的證明,就是當我們生活在一個特定的時區所經歷的周期性。【譯文】
人體有兩個相互作用的時間調節系統。一個時間調節系統依據感官和胃發出的信息,依據我們生活在某個時區所體驗的周期性規律。尋找對等詞語和結構然后將其串接成句的翻譯方法,常表現如下:
1、簡單語句的譯文雖然生硬,但基本可讀。如:
【例3】
I can see three different types of composers in musical history, each of whom creates music in a somewhat different fashion.【錯誤】我能看到音樂史上有三種不同的作曲家,他們中每一個人以某種不同的方式創作音樂。
【譯文】
我發現音樂史上有三類作曲家,他們各自的音樂創作方式有所不同。
2、較復雜語句的譯文似通非通,甚至不知所云。如:
【例4】
The traditionalist type of composer begins with a pattern rather than with a theme.The creative act with Palestrina is not the thematic conception so much as the personal treatment of a well-established pattern.【錯誤】傳統主義型作曲家始于某種格調而非某種主題。帕萊斯特里納的創作行為不太像對固定格調進行個性化處理的主題概念。【譯文】
傳統型作曲家是從形式出發而不是從主題出發進行創作的。帕萊斯特里納的創作不是主題的構思,而是對固定形式的個性化處理。
3、典型的英語表達形式在漢語無法找到對等形式,翻譯無從著手。如:考博論壇-j2 b.K* v/ W(J 【例5】
Find yourself.Be yourself.Popularity will come--with the people who respect you for who you are.【譯文】
發現自我,如實地表現自我,你自然會為人們所喜歡--為那些尊重你的真正個性的人們所喜歡。
【例6】
Where do you expect Shanghai to be in five years? 【譯文】
你預計今后五年上海的發展目標如何?
翻譯不是一種語言中的詞語和語句結構到另一種語言的詞語和語句結構的簡單轉換,也不是在另一種語言中尋找與一種語言中對等的詞語和語句結構然后將其串接成句的過程。在英漢翻譯中,如果把眼光盯著原文的詞語和語句結構這些屬于語言層次的東西,結果翻譯出來的只是一種文字層次的轉換,徒具其形,原文的內容和意義不可能得到很好的表達。
翻譯究竟是什么呢?
翻譯的過程就好比交通工具的換乘過程,兩者之間有諸多相似之處。
交通工具換乘過程: 內容(人員)載體(運輸工具1)
內容(人員)載體(運輸工具2)
翻譯過程: 內容(信息)載體(源語)
內容(信息)
載體(譯語)
比較兩者,其共同點有:
(1)兩者帶有相似的目的:
兩種轉換過程都是為了實現內容通過載體的變換從一端到另一端的傳遞。
(2)兩者含有相似的基本要素:
第一要素內容,在交通工具換乘過程中是人員,而在翻譯過程中則是信息。
第二要素載體,在交通工具換乘過程中是車輛、船舶、飛機等,轉換前是一種運輸工具,轉換后改為另一種運輸工具;而在翻譯過程中則是語言,轉換前是源語(source language),轉換后是譯語(target language)。
(3)兩者具有相似的操作要求:
第一,兩者都要求內容不變。第二,兩者都要求過程順暢
德國譯學教授Wolfram Wilss 在The Science of Translation:Problems & Methods一書中說: Translation is not simply a matter of seeking other words with similar meaning, but of finding appropriate ways of saying things in another language.Translating is always meaning-based, i.e.it is the transfer of meaning instead of form from the source language to the target language.(翻譯不只是在另一種語言中尋找意義相似的其他詞語,而是尋找表達事物的適當方式。翻譯始終立足于語義,也就是說,是語義從源語到譯語的轉換,而不是形式。)
這說明了翻譯是語義的翻譯,不是語言形式的翻譯,是運用另一種語言的適當方式來表達一種語言所表達的內容,而不是在另一種語言中尋找與一種語言中含義相似的某些詞語或結構。翻譯必須跳出原文語言層面的束縛,必須著眼于傳達原文的內容和意義。
換句話說,翻譯的基本單位應該是語篇,而不是詞語結構。根據系統功能語言學家的觀點,語言的實際使用單位是語篇這樣的言語單位,而不是詞語結構這樣的語法單位。實際使用的語篇有可能是一個句子、一個句段、一個句群,也有可能是一個詞語。翻譯作為語言交際的一種形式,其實質是用一種語言的語篇材料代替另一種語言與其意義對等的語篇材料。翻譯是運用一種語言把另一種語言所表達的內容和意義準確而完整地重新表達出來的語言活動。
II.課堂練習(分別用詞語和形式對應譯法和語義表達譯法試譯下列句子,并比較翻譯中的感覺和譯文的效果):
1.It's more a poem than a picture.2.He drank himself out of the best lines.3.He pretends to be as modest as anything.4.Fire goes wherever it can, but it prefers to follow a draft.5.The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it.6.Taking care to pitch my voice to politeness, I asked about the next bus to Hattiesburg.7.If you feel depressed at a social gathering, keep it a secret.8.The bacteria pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age.III.課堂練習參考譯文:
1.與其說那是一幅畫,不如說那是一首詩。2.他借酒寫得好詩句。3.他裝得極為謙虛。
4.火是無孔不入的,可是它更愛竄入通風的地方。5.循聲而去,便輕而易舉地找到了那間屋子。
6.我陪著小心,用溫和的口吻詢問開往哈蒂斯堡下一斑車的情況。7.在社交場合,你就是感到情緒壓抑,也不要表露出來。8.患有流感的幼兒和老人可能并發細菌性肺炎。
IV.課外練習(分別用詞語和形式對應譯法和語義表達譯法試譯下列句子,并比較翻譯中的感覺和譯文的效果):
1.He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself.。w
2.World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity.。
3.While you are in the act of summoning your energies, focus on a plan.Don't exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities.4.A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is bad, it can not last too long;if good you can not get rid of it too early.5.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check--a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds”.6.A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.(}% i0 c o: P: K: I: X!^0 h 7.To petrol we owe the existence of the motor-car, which has replaced the private carriage drawn by the horse.To petrol we owe the possibility of flying.8.Because of limited insurance coverage, many people will have to look to their own resources--both emotional and financial--to care for an infirm or recovering relative at home.9.During the last six years, 44 of 60 scholarship winners have been the children of foreigners.the talent search, certainly in this decade, is a tribute as much to immigration as to education.10.The new architectural styles have become powerful image makers overseas.Two stunning arrivals now gracing Hong Kong's crowded skyline--the privately-owned Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank building and Bank of China's headquarters--stand as monuments to the rival economic interests, cultures and ideologies that define the city
Unit 2/
I.課外練習參考譯文:
1.他要找一位了解他的案情,同情他的處境,并有過親身經歷的人當他的律師。2.他的著作舉世聞名,而他個人卻一直默默無聞,因為他一生始終避免拋頭露面。3.在集中精力的過程中,要集中于一種打算;不要同時涉足各種可能的情況而搞得精疲力竭一事無成。
4.書可以比作鄰居:如果是好的,相處愈久愈好;如果是壞的,分手愈早愈好。5.美國沒有履行這種神圣的義務,相反,只是給黑人開了一張空頭支票,上面蓋了“資金不足”的戳子后被退了回來。
6.朋友是能使你表現出自己最佳品質的人,和他在一起你就會精神煥發,并且變得更具有友誼所要求的種種內涵 7.有了汽油,我們才有了汽車,取代了私人馬車;有了汽油,我們才有可能飛上天空。;8.由于保險金的支付范圍有限,許多人無論在感情上或經濟上都必須靠自己的力量在家中照料病弱或康復中的親人。9.過去六年里,每60名獎學金獲得者中就有44名是外來移民的子女。人才獎的評選,當然是指這十年,不僅為美國教育,也為美國移民增添了光彩
10.這種種新的建筑風格已經非常有力地塑造了香港在海外的形象。在擁擠的空中出現了兩幢令人嘆為觀止的新建筑點綴其間,一幢是私營的匯豐銀行大樓,另一幢是中國銀行總部,代表并象征了香港相互競爭的經濟利益、文化和意識形態。
【例7】
Public opinion plays a vital and healthy role in the political realm.×公共輿論在政治領域起著生命力的、健康的作用。
【譯文】
輿論在政治領域起著極其重要的、有益的作用。
【例8】
I am sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me.×我相信如果你有足夠的好心支持我的話,它將會改變形勢。
【譯文】
我相信如果你非常好心能撐我一把的話,情況就不一樣了。7 u$ |1 k' J8 r.U5 I 【例9】
Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.×職業和工作帶來很大的幸福和滿足,而我們大多數人并不意識到這一點。【譯文】
職業和工作對于獲得幸福和滿足起了很大的作用,我們大多數人對此卻認識不足。
兩類問題:一類是譯文語義基本符合原文,但漢語表達有欠正確;另一類是漢語表達尚有可讀性,但譯文語義不符原文。
目前翻譯界普遍接受的,也是作為一般翻譯學習者必須努力掌握的標準,簡而言之是兩條:忠實(Faithfulness)和流暢(Smoothness)。
【例10】
For Nat Nakasa the pledge he was required to sign--to leave his country and never return proved too much;he committed suicide in New York.×納特?納卡薩不得不發誓離開祖國,不管情況如何永不返家,并自殺于紐約。
【譯文】
對納特?納卡薩來說,要他簽字保證離開祖國永不返回是難以接受的:他在紐約自殺了。
【例11】
In the wake of his mother's death some thirty-six years later, Hemingway turned back to the adventure and tried to write a novel about it.在他母親去世36年之后,海明威又想起了那次歷險奇遇,并試圖寫一部小說。
【譯文】
大約36年過后,在他母親去世后的不久海明威又想起了那次遭遇的險情,并試圖就此寫一部小說。
考博,考博網,考博論壇,考博英語,考博試題,考博試卷,考博輔導,kaobo.cn,kaobo.org' _% |, p5 p/ j& P, B 外語腔是初學翻譯者不知不覺地會在漢語譯文中表現出來的一種不當傾向。翻譯時所要表達的內容來自外語原文,原文的詞語和結構形式隨著內容一起進入到我們的大腦,于是原文的語言形式被帶入譯文,造成了譯文的外語腔。
【例12】
The only concession he made to the climate was to wear a white dinner jacket.×他對氣候的唯一讓步就是穿了一件白色的短餐衣。
【譯文】
氣候變化,他僅稍稍作了一點變通,赴宴時穿了件白色的短禮服。
【例13】
If certain animal psychologists are right, a dog adopts his family in a most literal way--taking it for granted that the family is the band of dogs he belongs to.×假如某些動物心理學家的分析正確,狗在很大程度上代表著它的家人 - 理所當然這一家也就屬于狗幫了。【譯文】
假如有些動物心理學家的分析正確,狗對于他所在家庭的認同是非常實際的--它理所當然地認為這一家人就是它所歸屬的一群狗。
現代西方著名翻譯理論家Eugene A.Nida 在其理論著述中經常談到讀者反應的問題。他認為,翻譯的服務對象是讀者,要評判譯文質量的優劣,必須看讀者對譯文的反應如何,同時必須把這種反應與原作讀者對原文可能產生的反應進行對比,看兩種反應是否基本一致。1
除了忠實和流暢這兩項基本標準之外,好的譯文還必須保持原文的風格,包括民族風格、時代風格、語體風格、作者個人的語言風格等。文藝作品的翻譯尤其要求這樣做。譯者不能破壞或改變原文的風格,不能以譯者的風格代替原作的風格。
III.課堂練習(努力按照忠實原文和譯文流暢兩項標準,把下列句子譯成漢語):
1.She couldn't have come at a better time.2.She has been a widow only six months.3.I believe the speech was needlessly stubborn.4.The Macedonian argument has a Greek dimension too.5.The Englishman feels no less deeply than any other nationality.6.From a physical standpoint, there ought to be as many colours as there are different wave lengths.7.But the next century we'll be able to alter our DNA radically, encoding our visions and vanities while concocting new life-forms.8.As a human being, we should demonstrate our intellectual and moral superiority by respecting others for who they are--instead of rejecting them for who/what they are not.IV.課堂練習參考譯文: 1.她來得正是時候。
2.她的丈夫去世至今不過半年。
3.我認為那篇講話口氣強硬,大可不必。4.馬其頓之爭同希臘也有關系。
5.英國人同其他民族一樣,也有豐富的感情。
6.從物理學的觀點來看,不同的波長有多少種,顏色就有多少種。
7.但下個世紀我們將能根本改變DNA,能在構建新的生命時把我們的種種想象、種種出于虛榮的要求,都編入遺傳密碼。
8.作為人,我們應該不問他人的身份如何都尊重他們,從而顯示出自己高超的智慧和道德,而不要因為他們沒有某種身份或地位而去卑視他們。
V.課外練習(努力按照忠實原文和譯文流暢兩項標準,把下列短文譯成漢語):
I first took up walking as a means of escape.After a busy morning in my office, I found it refreshing to take a stroll at lunchtime, to breathe the fresh air and feel the sun.Another walk in the cold night air was, I discovered, an exhilarating way to unwind.I'll never forget the feeling I got one winter night as I walked the deserted streets after many grueling hours at the hospital.I suddenly realized that I no longer felt tense or tired.All the worries about my patients' illnesses, as well as my own personal cares, seemed to evaporate as quickly as the smoky vapor of my breath in the frosty night.As I incorporated walking into my schedule, not only were my spirits lifted, but my weight and blood pressure were gradually reduced.I began reviewing the medical literature on walking.From this research, and my clinical observations as a family physician, I found that it is possible to walk your way to better health, a trimmer body and a longer life--no matter what your age.Walking--like swimming, bicycling and running--is an aerobic exercise which builds the capacity for energy output and physical endurance by increasing the supply of oxygen to skin and muscles.Such exercise may be a primary factor in the prevention of heart and circulatory disease.As probably the least strenuous, safest aerobic activity, walking is the most acceptable exercise for the greatest number of people.Walking at comfortable speed improves the efficiency of the cardio-respiratory system by stimulating the lungs and heart, but at a more gradual rate than most other forms of exercise.(279 words)Unit 38
I.課外練習參考譯文:
我最初開始散步是作為一種脫身之計。在辦公室里忙了一個上午之后,我發現午飯時出去走一走,吸一口新鮮空氣,享受一下陽光,十分令人神清氣爽。我還發現,在夜間充滿寒意的空氣中散步也是一種使人心曠神怡的放松辦法。一個冬夜,經過了醫院里好幾個小時精疲力竭的工作后我漫步在空曠無人的大街上,那種感覺永遠都無法忘卻。我一下子發現自己不再感到緊張疲勞。什么病人的病情、個人的煩惱,似乎就像寒夜中呼出的熱氣,一下子都煙消云散了,我把散步納入了每天的日程,不僅精神振作了,而且體重和血壓也逐漸下降了。我開始查閱有關散步的醫學文獻。通過研究,還通過從事家庭保健醫生工作中的臨床觀察,我發現,無論年齡大小,散步都能健身瘦身,延年益壽。
散步同游泳、騎車、跑步等一樣,是一種有氧運動,能夠增加皮膚和肌肉的供氧,從而增進體能和耐力。這種運動可成為預防心血管疾病的主要因素。
T 散步是一種最不激烈、最為安全的有氧運動,對絕大多數人都極其合適。以舒適的速度步行能促進心肺活動,從而提高心肺功能,雖然比起其他各種運動方式來散步的作用較為緩慢。)II.英漢翻譯原理第二講:什么是好的譯文?(續)
【例14】
There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.【譯文】
他們之間既有對抗,又有合作。
【例15】
He died, and was survived by wife and three children.【譯文】
他死了,撇下了妻子和三個孩子。
【例16】
Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.【譯文】
司法部門如果對此不聞不問,那就是失職。0 G+ E4 F: q1 H7 n6 W 【例17】
Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.【譯文】
他顯然具備了垂釣者的首要品質,即以釣為樂,釣多釣少無所謂。www.tmdps.cn.L7(w+ e.Q3 ~ ×去你的吧!你去向領導匯報我對他們的不敬吧!
【譯文】
去你的吧!你去向領導匯報我的所作所為好啦!
【例34】
He ate his savoury, and hurried the maid as she swept the crumbs.【譯文】
他吃完最后的一道消食小吃,在女傭人打掃碎屑時,催她快一點。
【例35】
Derek fancies himself as a ladies' man, but he spends too much time admiring himself in the mirror for my liking.×德里克自以為是討女人喜歡的人,可是為了討我喜歡,他卻花很多時間在鏡子面前自我欣賞。【譯文】
德里克自以為是個討女人喜歡的人,可是我不喜歡他花那么多的時間在鏡子面前自我欣賞。
III、課堂練習(以下各句的譯文在理解上都有問題。請正確理解以下各句,并指出譯文中的理解錯誤)及參考譯文:
1.My delegation is not satisfied that the case has yet been made for convening such a broad conference.×我方代表團對于沒有人提出理由說明應召開如此廣泛的會議很不滿意。我方代表團認為,還沒有人提出充分理由說明應召開如此廣泛的會議。(satisfy 說服,使確信)www.tmdps.cn$ [: m.X, L# ^(Z“ F;S 2.The nationalized industries have been spoon-fed for so long that they don't care whether they give value for money, or make a profit or loss.' R+ w/ l$ n.e0 A ×國有工業長期受到優厚待遇,他們不在乎錢,也不在乎盈利或虧損。
一些國有行業長期受到優厚待遇,他們不在乎錢花得是不是值得,也不在乎盈利或虧損。3.I was not quite sure whether they had locked the door;and when I dared move, I got up and went to see.Alas!no jail was ever more secure.×我不敢肯定他們是不是把門鎖上了;等到我敢走動的時候,我站起身來走過去看看。天啊!沒有一所監獄更加牢固。我不敢肯定他們是不是把門鎖上了;等到我敢走動的時候,我站起身來走過去看看。天啊!鎖得牢牢的好象監獄一般
4.Very hesitatingly I selected a tube of blue paint, and with infinite precaution made a mark about as big as a bean on the snow-white field.×我遲疑不決地選了一管藍色顏料,然后小心翼翼地畫了一筆,就像雪白的田野上的一粒蠶豆那么大小。我遲疑不決地選了一管藍色顏料,然后非常小心翼翼地在畫布雪白的底色上點了豆子般大小的一點。
5.I agree with you that many laws are unjust, but if you make every law a matter of conscience you will end up in jail.我同意你的意見,很多法律是不公正的,但如果你都憑良心來制定每項法律的話,你最終就得坐牢。
我同意你的意見,很多法律是不公正的,但如果你對待每項法律都要講良心的話,你最終就得坐牢。
6.Ring farewell to the century of physics, the one to which we split the atom and turned silicon into computing power,向物理世紀告別吧,在這個世紀里,我們分裂了原子,把硅變為計算機的動力。向物理學的世紀告別吧,在這個世紀里,我們實現了原子的分裂,我們把硅變成了計算能力。7.The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language.×現在太陽從英國國旗上有規則地落下,但是英語卻不是這種情況。/ 現在英國國旗上照到的陽光日益減少,但英語卻不是這種情況。
現在,英國已不再是個“日不落”的國家了,但是英語卻還是在廣泛地流行使用。(Union Jack英國國旗)
8.I hear the Hindoo teaching his favorite pupil the loves, wars, adages, transmitted safely to this day from poets who wrote three thousand years ago.×我聽見有三千年前的詩人們書寫的、完好無損地流傳至今的、有印度教士傳授給得意門生的、有關愛情故事、戰爭和格言。
我聽見印度人在向他的得意門生傳授愛情故事、戰爭和格言,這些都是由三千年前的詩人所寫并完好地流傳至今。
IV、課外練習(正確理解下列短文,并將其譯成漢語):
First impressions are often lasting ones.Indeed, if you play your cards right, you can enjoy the benefits of what sociologists call the ”halo effect.“ This means that if you're viewed positively within the critical first few minutes, the person you've met will likely assume everything you do is positive.How you move and gesture will greatly influence an interviewer's first impression of you.In a landmark study of communications, psychologists discovered that seven percent of any message about our feelings and attitudes comes from the words we use, 38 percent from our voice, and a startling 55 percent from our facial expressions.In fact, when our facial expression or tone of voice conflicts with our words, the listener will typically put more weight on the nonverbal message.To make your first encounter a positive one, start with a firm handshake.If the interviewer doesn't initiate the gesture, offer your hand first.Whenever you have a choice of seats, select a chair beside his or her desk, as opposed to one across from it.That way there are no barriers between the two of you and the effect is somewhat less confrontational.If you must sit facing the desk, shift your chair slightly as you sit down, or angle your body in the chair so you're not directly in front of your interviewer.Monitor your body language to make sure you don't seem too desperate for the job, or too eager to please.Keep a Poker face in business situations.Inappropriate smiling is the most common example of a nonverbal behavior that undercuts verbal messages--making you appear weak and unassertive.Good eye contact is also important.One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are perceived as more alert, dependable, confident and responsible.(298 words)Unit 5
I、課外練習參考譯文
第一印象常常是持久的印象。的確,如果處理得當,你就能有幸獲得社會學家稱之為“光環效應”帶來的種種好處。這就是說,要是在一開始關鍵的幾分鐘里你就給人留下好的印象,初遇者就可能認為你辦的事件件都好。
你的一舉一動都會大大影響你給面試者的第一印象。在有關人際交流的一項意義重大的研究中心理學家發現,關于情感和態度的信息有7%來自我們的語言文字,有38%來自我們的語音,而驚人的是,竟有55%來自我們的面部表情。事實上,如果面部表情或說話語調與我們所說的話發生矛盾時,聽者通常會更加看重那些非語言信息。
為了使第一次面試成功,一開始的握手要堅定有力。如果面試者沒有主動伸出手來,你就主動先把手伸出來。要是可以選擇座位的話,要坐在面試者桌子的側面,而不要坐在正對面。這樣坐法你們中間就沒有障礙了,而且在一定程度上起到減少對立的作用。如果你只能坐在桌子對面,那么坐的時候把椅子稍微挪一下或者把身體坐的角度偏一點,這樣你就不是正對著面試者了。
要注意你的形體語言,千萬不要表現得對這份工作迫不及待,也不要表現得急于討好別人。要保持一種辦理公事時一本正經的神態。非語言行為可削弱語言信息的力量,從而使你顯得優柔寡斷缺乏自信,而不合時宜的微笑就是一個最為常見的例子。良好的目光交流也非常重要。有一項研究發現,多用目光進行交流的求職者可給人以更為機警、可靠、自信、負責的印象。
II、英漢翻譯原理第三講:怎樣理解原文?
二、要理解特殊語言現象的特殊含義:
【例36】
John is now with his parents in New York;it is three years since he was a high school teacher in Washington.考博論壇(o!e-i!D2 m 【譯文】
約翰現在同父母一起住在紐約;他不在華盛頓當中學教師已有三年了。【例37】
She didn't attend the meeting because she wanted to.【譯文】
她去開會并不是她自己想去。
【例38】
As a place to live, it left much to be desired.As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.【譯文】
作為居住之處,這里有許多不足之處。但作為新型飛機的秘密訓練基地,卻是非常理想的。它地處邊陲,人們不易了解其中的活動。
【例39】
The teacher didn't tell her students that in so many words, but obviously something about her attitude convinced them.×老師沒有用很多話把這種情況告訴學生,但她的某種態度顯然使學生相信情況的確如此。【譯文】
老師沒有把這種情況對學生明說,但她的某種態度顯然使學生相信情況的確如此。【例40】
If I am getting a free ride, how come I am so tired when I go home at the end of a shift? ×如果我是免費乘車的話,我上完一次班回家后怎么會那么累呢? 【譯文】
如果我上班偷閑的話,我下班回家怎么會那么累呢?
【例41】
I am sorry I was a little short with you just now.I don't feel myself today.×如果我剛才陪你的時間短了一些的話,我很抱歉。今天我自己也沒有感覺到。【譯文】
剛才對你態度不好,我很抱歉。今天我身體有點不舒服。
三、要結合上下文語境進行理解:
【例42】
The financial implications of this resolution remain to be defined.【譯文】
本決議所涉及的財政問題尚待確定。本決議對財政工作的意義尚待闡明。【例43】
The tyrants might array their cruelty, but the people would oppose their bravery.* t c# M)f3 K' ^/ ^7 P 【譯文】
暴君恣意肆虐,人民則奮勇反抗。
【例44】
Managers face a host of new business realities, such as changing patterns of employment that include an explosion of outsourcing and new alliances.×管理人員面對的是商界前所未有的種種現實,諸如就業的模式不斷變化 包括外購。重組等現象的猛增。【譯文】
管理人員面對的是商界前所未有的種種現實,諸如企業用工方式的不斷變化 包括大幅度增加外部采辦和新建聯產單位。
III、課堂練習(正確理解以下各句,并在正確理解的基礎上將其譯成漢語):
1.Let it deceive them, then, a little longer;it can not deceive them too much.2.We shall never get anywhere with all the criticism and fault finding.I believe in the principle ”Live and let live“.1 T+ D2 B& S1 E' f1 Y5 r' i 3.He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his word after losing several games.4.I had read too many novels and had learned too much at school not to know a good deal about love.5.In fact, one office-system expert recently said that he had yet to encounter a business work place that was functioning at more than 60 percent efficiency.6.Nobody with any sense expects to find the whole truth in advertisement any more than he expects a man applying for a job to describe his shortcomings and serious faults.5 ~.{3 ?9 N& w-A/ N3 N 7.There is probably no better way for a foreigner(or an Englishman)to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare used it.www.tmdps.cn7 X# u(p(C-r1 {3 l2 o!` 8.We are human and human beings are far from perfect.To be human implies that we will make mistakes.But it's more than that we feel human.We now feel entitled.IV、課堂練習參考譯文:
1.那就讓這事再騙他們一會兒吧,無論怎樣騙他們都不算過分。2.這一套批評挑剔的做法是行不通的。我相信“互相容忍”的原則
3.他說打網球沒人打得過他,但輸了幾場之后,他只好承認自己說錯了。_ 4.我讀過很多小說,在學校里所見所聞也不少,對于愛情自然就知道得很多。
5.事實上,有位辦公制度專家最近說過,他還沒見到過有哪個辦公場所的工作效率高于百分之六十。
6.有頭腦的人誰也不會指望求職者說出自己的缺點和嚴重過錯,同樣,也不會指望廣告里說的全是真話。
7.對于外國人(甚至包括英國人)來說,要欣賞豐富多采的英語,最好的辦法也許就是學習莎士比亞使用英語的各種方法。
8.我們是凡人,而凡人遠非十全十美。作為凡人就是說我們會犯錯誤。但是,我們覺得自己是凡人不僅僅由于我們會犯錯誤。我們如今感到有權利犯錯誤。V、課外練習(正確理解下列短文,并將其譯成漢語):
A new era is upon us.Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, the knowledge society.It all translates to a fundamental change in the way we work.Already we're partly there.The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World.Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan(two thirds or more in many of these countries)are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise.More women are in the workforce than ever before.There are more part-time jobs.More people are sell-employed.But the breadth of the economic transformation can't be measured by numbers alone, because it also is giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself.Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers--all these are being challenged.We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may lie ahead.No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which a single invention, the chip, would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots.Tomorrow's achievements in biotechnology, artificial intelligence or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar way of dramatic changes.But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealth;computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write.The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be valued above all else.If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant.It will be the way you do your job.(320 words)Unit 6
I、課外練習參考譯文:
我們正面臨著一個新時代。隨你怎么稱呼它:服務經濟也好,信息時代也好,知識社會也好,一句話,都說明了我們工作方式的根本變化。事實上我們已經開始進入這個時代。西方社會依靠制造產品謀生的人數比例急劇下降了。今天,在美洲、歐洲和日本,大多數人(這些國家中有許多國家已高達三分之二以上)從事服務業,而且人數還在增加。跟從前相比,婦女從業的人數增加了,兼職工作增加了,個體經營者增加了。但是,經濟變革幅度的衡量不能只憑數字,因為經濟變革同時也引發了對工作本質的全新思維。有關工作和職業生涯、獲得成功所必須的技能、乃至個人與雇主的關系,種種傳統的觀念正在受到挑戰。
我們只要回顧從前,就可以對未來有所了解。沒有那一位展望未來20年的人能夠預料到硅片這樣一項發明,因其在個人電腦、數字通訊和工業機器人中的應用,會給我們的世界帶來的種種變化。明天在生物技術、人工智能或者有些迄今為止甚至難以想象的技術方面所取得的成就,可能會引起類似的急劇變化。但有一點是肯定的:信息和知識將變得更加重要,而擁有信息和知識的人們,無論他們從事制造業或者服務業,將會具有優勢并創造財富,計算機技術將與讀寫能力一樣成為一種基本要求。運用信息解決問題的能力,而不是日常工作的完成,將尤其受到重視。展望未來10年,信息服務將支配一切,將成為你的工作方式。
II、英漢翻譯原理第三講:怎樣理解原文?(續)
四、要通過吃透詞語含義進行理解:
【例45】
While many women are comfortable being close and sharing secrets, men often struggle to express their emotions in relationship with other men.雖然許多女人對與他人親密無間,分享秘密感到舒坦,而男人卻經常刻求在與其他男人的關系中表達感情。【譯文】
許多女人親密相處互吐隱秘感到心安理得,而男人要對其他男人表露感情卻非易事。【例46】
On the drunken occasion in question, I was insufferable about liking you, and not liking you.I wish you would forget it.在那次大醉時,我老考慮是不是喜歡你,搞得我無法忍受,希望你忘了它。【譯文】
那一次喝得酩酊大醉的時候,我說了喜歡你不喜歡你的一番話,讓你受不了,希望你忘了它吧。【例47】
I felt uncomfortable in the suit I had dredged up to wear.www.tmdps.cn)m(B;Y!i* s& e k ×穿著那套已經弄干凈的衣服,我只覺得渾身不自在。
【譯文】
穿著那套費了好大功夫才找出來的衣服,我覺得渾身不自在。【例48】
The school bully threatened Martin with a thick ear.×學校的小霸王打了馬丁一個耳光以此作為威脅。【譯文】
學校的小霸王揚言要打馬丁的耳光。
【例49】
The computer makes possible a marvelous leap in human proficiency;it pulls down the fences around the practical and even the theoretical intelligence.×計算機將可能使人類熟練掌握技術產生驚人的飛躍,他推倒了理論和實踐之間的隔墻。【譯文】
計算機使人類的能力有可能發生巨大的飛躍;它拓展了人類從事實踐工作甚至理論工作的智慧。
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