第一篇：新東方老師談BEC聽力復習的誤區
新東方老師談BEC聽力復習的誤區
BEC即劍橋商務英語證書考試，是劍橋大學考試委員會（UCLES）設立的。很多人誤認為BEC考試針對是那些學與商務有關的專業人員的，其實不然。因為無論你學的專業是什么，都要在某個特定的商務環境中運用，BEC考查的正是這種普遍存在的商務環境中應具備的通識與能力。劍橋大學考試委員會設立BEC考試的目的是在全球范圍內建立一個測試商界雇員英語水平的統一標準，使BEC證書被跨國公司和非英語國家的大公司用作商務英語測試標準，以評估在真實商務環境下雇員的英語水平，使人力資源部門能準確評估雇員商務英語的運用技能。因此，與我國的四、六級考試相比較，BEC考試更側重對英語實際運用能力的考查。換句話說，BEC中的考查內容都是可以馬上拿到實際工作中去的，不會出現所謂高分低能現象。
BEC2（VANTAGE）考試設計在指導思想上把聽力放到了相當重要的位置。從BEC2各部分所占比例來看，閱讀部分答題數為45，聽力部分答題數為30，兩者相比3：2，這在各類英語水平考試中所占比例而言其比重之大是少有的。另外，BEC2聽力部分題型設計的指導思想為考查考生理解在不同場合中，特別是各種環境中使用的英語口語的能力，尤其是提取其中重要住處和了解、歸納所聽內容大意的能力。這些都是實際商務活動中所必需的技能。
能否在BEC2考試聽力部分取得較高的分數，取決于三個方面：（1）是否具有良好的英語聽力；（2）對商務及相關行業的基本知識及詞匯是否熟悉；（3）對BEC2考試聽力部分的題型及其特點是否了解。良好的英語聽力是最基本的，很多人在訓練聽力時不得法，只是一味地反復聽，提高很慢。殊不知影響聽力的因素很多，比如說音變現象。多數學習者朗讀英語的習慣是把每個字發得過于清晰，而聽力材料中的NATIVE SPEAKER則有很多連讀，失音以及縮讀等現象，由于發音習慣不同，因此不適應，即使聽幾遍也不知所云。所以要想從實質上提高聽力，應該首先改善自己的朗讀和發音習慣。
聽力中還有一個誤區，那就是聽者試圖一個字一個字去聽，其結果往往是什么都沒聽著。其實正確有效的方式應該是聽語調，也就是每個句子中的重讀詞，因為被讀得重的詞往往是說話者要傳達給聽者的重點信息。這樣不但可以迅速地抓住所聽內容的大意，并且能節省大量的精力和時間。這一技巧對BEC2聽力的第二部分尤為重要。BEC2考試的內容適用于中層商務人員的工作范圍。中層商務人員需要有很強的對大量信息做出快速識別、反應的能力。在與各色人等打交道的時候，能否從他們的三言兩語中迅速判斷他們的職業或他們所在公司的業務，從而提高工作的效率和質量。
對商務及相關行業的基本知識及詞匯是否熟悉也是在BEC聽力考試中取得高分的重要因素。與普通英語有所不同，商務場合中的用語一般都有比較正式，單詞的含意也與普通生活詞匯不同，如ORDER一詞，在日常生活中表示“命令”，而在商務中則表示“訂貨”；又如日常生活中的“吃住”一詞在商務中有一個專用詞“ACCOMMODATION”，而不是“LIVING AND EATING”。如果對這些專用詞匯不熟悉，會大大影響聽力考試中的反應力，這也正是為什么很多過了四、六級的同學面對實際工作的英語束手無策的原因之一。通過準備BEC考試，可以系統地學習一些基本商務詞匯，了解常規的商務背景知識，從而為順利地走上工作崗位掃清障礙。
應對任何考試都必須熟悉其題型。BEC聽力考試有它不同于其他考試的地方，尤其是上面提到的第二部分。針對每個部分都有一些專門的小技巧，由于篇幅的限制，這里無法一一敘述。
總之，BEC是一項側重能力并且實用性較強的考試，它能真正實現英語的學以致用。因此，建議那些已通過四級并且希望畢業后在外企或合資企業就業的同學嘗試一下。
第二篇：BEC詞匯表(上海新東方老師精心總結)
Glossary adj=adjective;adv=adverb;n=noun;v=verb;inf=informal;pl=plural;abbr=abbreviation A A share(n.)an ordinary share that does not give the owner the right to vote on company issues A股 [例]
Our company will issue A shares on market.abroad [ ??????? ]?(adv.)to/in another country國外的 [例]
The sales director is abroad on business trip.[同義詞]
overseas, in foreign parts, out of the country
absence [ ??????? ](n.)time/period away from work缺席
[例]
The absence of the chief director of the meeting is somewhat a pity.[同義詞] nonattendance, nonappearance absent [?????????](adj.)not present, not at work缺席的
[例]
Please let your section head know if you are likely to be absent for a longer period.[同義詞] away, off, missing
absenteeism [???????????????](n.)regular absence from work曠工 [例]
If motivation decreases, absenteeism is likely to increase.absorb [ ??????? ](v.)integrate a smaller item into a larger whole兼并、擔負（費用）[例]
Head Office has absorbed the losses of our French subsidiary.absorption costing a way of pricing goods by allowing for all costs relating to production in the sale price 歸納成本法
[例]
Our company mainly use absorption costing to set the sale price of products.abstract [?????????? ](n.)short version of a longer document摘要 [例]
Please brief your staff the abstract of the prevailing government regulations.[同義詞]
summary, synopsis, digest
accepting house =(US)accepting bank an organization, often a merchant bank, that promise to pay a bill of exchange in return for a fee 承兌銀行
access [ ???????] 1.(n.)entry to something通道 [例]
We have access to classified information.[同義詞]
entrance, passage 2.(v.)gain entry into computer data files獲取計算機數據（文件）[例]
They shouldn?t have been able to access this file.[同義詞]
output
account [ ??????? ](n.)record of financial transactions帳戶
[例]
In our bank, if no transaction takes place in 2 years, your personal account will become unclaimed.account executive(n.)an advertising executive who looks after a particular client（廣告或服務業）業務經理 [例]
Jack is the account executive of this advertising company.accounts payable a list of amounts owned to a business to suppliers of goods and services 應付帳款 [例]
add an entry to accounts payable
accountancy [ ??????????? ](n.)work of an accountant會計工作
[例]
At the end of a year, the accountancy of a big company is always very burdensome.?accountant [ ???????????](n.)person qualified to keep a company?s accounts會計師（員）[例]
To be a good and competent accountant, accounting principles should be strictly followed.accounts [ ???????? ](n.pl)financial records of a business帳目 [例]
The bank would like to see the accounts.accruals [?????????](n.pl)money owed which is due at a later date 增長額，利息 [例]
The accruals you owe him will be due next week.achieve [ ??????? ](v.)succeed in doing something完成 [例]
The two parties achieved final agreements in mutual benefits.[同義詞]
accomplish, complete, finish
achievement [???????????? ](n.)the successful completion of something，something successfully completed 完成、成就
[同義詞]
accomplishment, completion, perfection
acknowledge [ ????????? ](v.)confirm that something has arrived確認收悉 [例]
We acknowledge receipt of the shipment.[同義詞]
admit, accept
acknowledgement [ ????????????? ](n.)confirmation that something has arrived收條 [例]
After you have received the mail, please return your acknowledgement by fax.[同義詞]
acceptance acquire [???????? ](v.)buy, obtain購得、占有 [例]
We acquired a company, shares, etc.[同義詞]
obtain, get, procure acquisition [ ??????????? ] the act of acquiring 收購
[例]
The good news from TCL: the acquisition of Schneider![同義詞]
merger, takeover
acting [ ???????](adj.)working in the position of someone for a short time代理的 [例]
an acting manager
active money(n.)money that is being used by the public as opposed to money left in bank accounts.流通貨幣（相對于銀行帳戶中的貨幣）
[例]
The inflation increases active money.activity [?????????? ](n.)type of business業務 [例]
Our main activity is export /import trade.[同義詞]
business
act of God(n.)an unexpected or unavoidable event such as a storm , a flood , and earthquake ,etc mentioned in some insurance contracts as a cause of loss or damage 不可抗力
[例]
We will include the term of act of God in this insurance policy to against some uncertain factors.[同義詞]
force majeure
actual [ ???????? ](adj.)real實際的 [例]
Our actual results were better than forecast.actual loss(n.)the real cost of something as opposed to a sum of money stated on paper實際損失（相對于帳面損失）
[例]
In the recession, for the latest fiscal year, our actual loss is much greater than the paper loss.[相關詞匯] paper loss
actuals(n.)goods that can be purchased and used , as opposed to goods traded on a futures contract that are represented by documents實貨（相對于期貨）
[例] The merchant is especially interested in the trading of futures , not actuals.[同義詞] physicals
adapt(to)[ ???????](v.)to make suitable to or fit for a specific use or situation.使適應 [例]
the ability to adapt quickly to a new situation [同義詞]
adjust addendum [??????????](n.)an extra section that is attached to ,or follows , a letter , report,ect 附錄，附件
[例]
write an addendum to a report [同義詞]
appendix
address [ ?????? ](v.)1.deal with 處理 [例]
address public concerns
2.give speech to 演說
[例]
address audience on a business project
adjourn [ ??????? ](v)to stop(a court case, a meeting , etc.)for a time before beginning again 延期，休會
[例]
The board meeting has been adjourned to an uncertain date.[同義詞]
postpone
adjust [ ??????? ](v)to settle an insurance claim 理算保險索賠
[例]
After the car accident, he made an insurance claim that will be adjusted soon.administration [ ??????????????? ](n.)organization and control of a company經營、管理 [例]
The administration power of a company also shows the internal control of the company.[同義詞]
management
admin(n.)abbreviation for administration 經營、管理
administer [??????????? ](v.)organize, control: 管理 [同義詞]
manage
adopt [ ?????? ](v.)choose, decide on采用 [例]
We adopted a new strategy.advance [ ???????? ](n.)money paid before it is due, or for work only partially completed 預付款 [例]
Yesterday I received an advance on my monthly wage.(v)1.to increase 提高
[例]
On bull market , shares are advancing rapidly.[同義詞]
increase
2.to pay something before it is due 預付
[例]
The publishing house advanced me on royalties.advance bill(n.)a bill of exchange that has been written before the goods have been sent off 預付（開）票據 [例]
Dear customer, we will send you the advance bill for that batch by air express mail today.adverse balance(n.)an amount of debt shown on an account赤字
[例]
With the rapid growth of our turnover, our adverse balance will be eliminated very soon.[同義詞]
deficit
advertise [?????????](v.)announce something is for sale做廣告 [例]
The soap is advertised on TV for its special flavor.[同義詞]
announce
ad(n, inf)short for advertisement
ad valorem(adj.)of tax that is calculated as a percentage of the value of the goods從價征稅 [例]
VAT is a kind of valorem tax.advertisement [ ??????????????](n.)notice/announcement that something is for sale廣告 [例]
If you want your house sold, you should have put your advertisement in a more popular newspaper.advertiser [ ?????????? ](n.)person/company which advertises廣告商 [例]
Advertisers use various ways and media to promote their products.advertising [?????????????](n.)the business of designing ads廣告業 [例]
She?s in advertising.advice [???????? ](n.)recommendation(s)about what you should do建議、通知（書）[例]
His advice was to close the factory.[同義詞]
counsel, recommendation, opinion
advice note(n.)a note to the receiver of goods from the sender that gives details of the quantity and description of goods and when and how they will be transported 通知單
[例]
Before you deliver the goods, please fax us an advice note for our confirmation.advise [???????? ](v.)recommend what should be done建議、通知 [同義詞] counsel, recommend, suggest
after-sales service(n.)service offered by a supplier to a customer to maintain or repair the product supplied售后服務
[例] Nowadays many enterprises began to compete in the field of after-sales service.affiliate [ ??????????](n.)a person or an organization that is attached to a larger organization 成員，聯號
[例]
That company is an affiliate of a prestigious holding group.[同義詞] member(v.)to attach(a person or an organization)to a larger organization 附屬于 [例]
The business is affiliated to TCL Group.afmd(abbr.)aforementioned 上述的
[例]
You can refer to afmd post address for the dispatch.aftermarket [`????????????](n.)a situation where a newly issued security is traded before its real price has been established in the stock market.二級市場 [例]
Buy shares on a healthy aftermarket.after sight(adv)written on a bill of exchange to show that the bill should be paid within a specified time after the payer is presented within it見票后付款
[例]
The bill should be paid at 60 days after sight.against all risks(adv.)(of a marine insurance policy)providing insurance for all types of loss or damage全保險.[例]
We insuranced the cargo against all risks.agenda [??????????](n.)order of topics to be discussed at a meeting會議議程 [例]
The first topic on the agenda is salaries.agent [ ???????? ](n.)person who represents a company代理（商）
[例]
Our company?s agent in Middle East has developed a widespread and mature business there.[同義詞]
representative, deputy
agiotage [ ?????????? ](n.)the business of buying and then later selling foreign currencies 套匯 [例]
That guy makes a big fortune by agiotage.[同義詞]
arbitrage
airline [ ??????? ](n.)a business providing a system of scheduled air transport航空公司
[例]
United Airlines
air time(n.)time given to advertise on TV or radio電視(收音)廣告節目時間 [例] The air time of this new product will be prolonged for 10 seconds.allocate [?????????? ](v.)give money or other resources in certain proportions分配 [例]
In the budget we allocated most of the money to marketing.[同義詞]
assign, designate, allot
allotment [ ????????? ](n.)the distribution of new company shares to the people who have applied for them配股
[例]
Allotment has been made by random draw because of oversubscription.allowance [??????????](n.)something, such as money, given at regular intervals or for a specific purpose津貼
[例]
An expenses allowance is paid monthly to each trainee.amalgamation [??????????????? ](n.)a type of reorganization where two or more companies are combined into one company合并
[例]
The amalgamation of the three companies strengthened the corporation.[同義詞]
combination, merger
ambition [??????????](n.)strong desire to succeed in life or in a job雄心 [例]
My sister has an ambition and desires to get MBA.[同義詞]
aspiration, desire, yearning
amenity [ ????????? ](n.)a feature that increases attractiveness or value, especially of a piece of real estate or a geographic location 生活福利設施
[例]
a sunny apartment with amenities including air conditioning [同義詞]
facility, convenience
amortize [?????????????????????????](v.)to pay off a debt by saving money on a regular basis分期清償
[例]
The repayment of the bond is amortized in 5 years.analyse [ ???????? ](v.)study in detail分析 [例]
We analysed the accounts.analysis [ ??????????](n.)detailed study, investigation分析 [例]
The analysis report shows clear logics and integrity.analyst [????????? ](n.)person who analyses分析家
[例]
His intelligence and diligence made him an excellent and acute marketing analyst.annual [???????? ](adj.)yearly的 [例]
the annual accounts [同義詞]
yearly
annual general meeting(n.)(AGM)a meeting of all the shareholders in a company股東大會
annul [ ????? ](v.)to cancel something or stop it from being legally effective 廢除,取消 [例]
The contract was annulled.[同義詞]
nullify
annulment [?????????](n.)the act of canceling something or stopping it from being legally effective 廢除，取消
[例]
The disagreement of two parts resulted in the annulment of the contract signed at the very beginning of their cooperation.antedate [ ?????????? ](v.)to put an earlier date(on a document, letter, cheque, etc)than the date at the time of writing 倒填日期
[例]
To make this cheque legal, you should antedate it by 7days.[同義詞]
backdate
anti-dumping(adj.)of ways in which a country protects its economy by preventing other countries from dumping in it.反傾銷 [例] anti-dumping laws
apology [ ????????? ](n.)an acknowledgment expressing regret or asking pardon for a fault or offense.致歉
[例]
a letter of apology
appeal [ ???????] 1.(n.)being attractive吸引力 [例]
This product has appeal for young people.[同義詞]
attraction, charm 2.(v.)be attractive to吸引人的 [同義詞]
attract, allure
appendix [ ????????? ](n.)a collection of supplementary material, usually at the end of a book附錄 [例]
to use an appendix for any information [同義詞]
addendum
apply [????????](v.)ask for something(in writing)（書面的）申請 [同義詞]
We applied for a loan.applicant [?????????? ](n.)person who applies申請人
[例]
The applicant shows outstanding advantages among the candidates pool.application [ ???????????? ](n.)act of applying申請
application form(n.)pre-printed form to make a request for a job申請表 [例]
Please fill in this application form at first.appoint [???????? ](v.)choose someone for a job任命 [例]
We have decided to appoint a new sales manager.[同義詞]
assign, designate
appointee [??????????](n.)person chosen for a position or job被任命者 [例]
He is lucky to be the appointee of this project.appointment [ ??????????? ](n.)1.choice of someone for a new job任命 [例]
The appointment of area financial controller implies he has been promoted.2.arrangement for a meeting約定（會議）[例]
We fixed an appointment at four o?clock.appraisal [???????????](n.)calculation of the value of somebody or something 估價 [例]
Their appraisal of the necklace is about RMB 1,000.[同義詞]
evaluation, valuation, assessment
appraise [ ??????? ](v.)to judge the value of somebody or something估價 [例]
They appraised it was only worth $1.[同義詞]
evaluate, assess
appraiser [????????? ](n.)person who judges鑒定者，估價官 [例]
Who will be the appraiser?
appreciate [ ??????????? ](v.)1.be thankful for感激 [例]
I appreciated your help.2.understand理解
[例]
I appreciate your problems.3.increase in value增值
[例]
My shares have appreciated by 10%.apprentice [ ????????? ](n.)young person who is learning a skill學徒 [例]
Don?t listen to him.Jack is only an apprentice.[同義詞]
learner, beginner
apprenticeship[ ????????????? ](n.)period of time spent learning a skill學徒年限，學徒身份 [例]
Jack served an apprenticeship with a carpenter.appropriate [ ??????????? ](v.)to put an amount of money aside for a special purpose撥出（款項）[例]
They appropriated $10,000 for bribery.approve [ ??????? ](v.)agree to pass officially批準 [例]
They Board approved the new plan.[同義詞]
accept
approval [ ??????????](n.)agreement批準
aptitude [ ?????????? ](n.)natural ability(to do a task)天資 [例] She had a high aptitude for business.arbitrage [ ?????????? ](n.)the purchase of securities on one market for immediate resale on another market in order to profit from a price discrepancy套利 [例]
He made big fortune by arbitrage.arbitration [ ????????????? ](n.)process of settling a dispute仲裁 [例] We shall have to resort to arbitration.[同義詞] judgement, adjudication
area [ ???????](n.)region區域 [例]
His sales area is the North East.[同義詞]
district, region, territory
arrears [??????](n.)money which is owed and has not been paid on time到期未付帳 [例]
The payment in arrears amounts to$100.[同義詞]
arrearage, debt, liabilities
arrival notice(n.)a note sent by a carrier to the receiver(consignee)saying that goods have arrived 到貨通知[例]
After your receipt of the arrival notice from the carrier---COSCO, please arrange the picking-up of the goods at the dock.artifical person(n.)a company considered as having a separate legal identity from the people who work for it, although some of these people will represent the will of the company 法人 [例]
The company is regarded legally as an artifical person.[同義詞]
fictitious person, juristic person
as per(adv)according to根據
[例]
As per your request that is made in your last mail, we are writing to confirm our point concerning the price.asap as soon as possible 及早
[例]
After the cargo reaches your dock,please inform us by fax or email asap.assemble [???????? ](v.)1.put(a product)together from component parts裝配
[例]
After the internal innovation, the efficiency of workers? assembling machines has greatly improved.2.to bring or call together into a group or whole集合
[例]
Ask your colleagues to assemble in the meeting room at 10:15.assembly-line(n.)layout of workers and machines where the work passes from one worker to the next, usually on a moving belt, until it is finished裝配線
[例]
All the workers should take care of the assembly line.assembly [ ???????? ](n.)putting(a product)together裝配 [例]
We have automated assembly line.assembly point(n.)a place where people should gather in an emergency.集合地點
assented stock(n.)an item of financial value, eg an ordinary share, that belongs to someone who has agreed to the conditions of a takeover bid 同意股票
assess [?????? ](v.)estimate the value of估價 [例]
The property was assessed at ￡20,000.[同義詞] value, evaluate assessment [ ??????????](n.)calculation of value估價 [例]
a tax assessment [同義詞] evaluation, appraisal
asset [?????? ](n.)something of value which is owned by a company資產 [例]
Their company?s major asset is its property.[同義詞] property
asset backing(n.)the total value of the assets of a company divided by the number of ordinary shares issues.資產保證
[例]
We must ensure a solid asset backing for our company.associate company(n.)a company of which more than 20%, but less than 51% of the share capital is held by another company.聯營公司
[例]
This firm is an associate company , not a holding company.current assets(n.)assets in daily use by a business 流動資產
fixed assets(n.)property and machinery固定資產 [例]
Plants and machines are fixed assets.frozen assets(n.)assets which cannot be sold, usually because there is a dispute凍結資產
intangible assets(n.)assets which cannot be seen(such as goodwill, patents etc.)無形資產
liquid assets(n.)cash or bills which can be easily converted into cash流動資產 [例]
The amount of liquid assets is important to a company.tangible assets(n.)assets which can be seen(such as property, machinery etc.)有形資產
at par(adj/ adv)of a share or other security that has the same value on the market as the value written on the share itself平價（市值等于票面值）[例]
She bought the shares at par.ATM(n.)automatic teller machine 自動取款機
[例]
You can draw cash from any ATM at any time in Shanghai by using this Visa Card.[同義詞] cashpoint
attempt [ ??????? ] 1.(n.)trial, effort努力、嘗試 [例]
We have made an attempt to enter a new market.2.(v.)try
attn(abbr)for the attentin of交由某人親啟 [例]
He wrote ATTN Mr.Johnson.on the envelop.auction(n.)the way of selling in which each item is sold at an open meeting to the person who makes the highest bid拍賣
[例]
He sold his villa in the auction at 200,000 dollars.auction [ ??????? ](v.)to sell something to the person who makes the highest offer;sell something by auction拍賣
[例]
His house was auctioned last week.audio-conference(n.)a meeting with people who cannot all be together at the same time, using audio(telephone)equipment 電話會議
[例]
The scheduled meeting has been cancelled for SARS, and we are planning to hold an audio-conference next week.audit [ ???????](n.)examination of the accounts of a company審計 [例]
We require an audit confirmation from your account opening bank.auditing [????????? ](n.)official process of checking the accounts of a company to see if they represent a true picture審計
[例]
The bank is under its annual internal auditing.auditor [?????????](n.)person who audits審計員
authenticate [ ???????????? ](v.)proof that something is real or true 認證
[例]
You should ask a skilled attorney to authenticate the signature at the bottom of this document in case that it is a forged one.[同義詞]
certify
average [ ???????? ] 1.(n.)the number which is calculated by adding several figures together and then divided by the number of figures均數
[例]
The sales average has been around 250 units.[同義詞] mean 2.(adj.)middle平均的 [例]
the average price
averaging [ ?????????? ](n.)trading shares from the same company at different prices at the same time 股票平均買賣法
[例]
Average can maintain the price of a security.awareness [ ???????? ](n.)being conscious of something知道 [例]
He has no awareness about the transaction.axe 1.(v)remove or dismiss somebody 解雇
[例]
Several thousand of jobs will be axed next month due to the great depression.[同義詞]
dismiss ,sack, lay off ,fire 2.(n)removal or dismissal 解雇
[例]
I will under the axe if I can?t reach the sales goal this year.B back [ ??? ] 1.(n.)opposite of front背面 [例]
Please sign the cheque on the back.[同義詞] rear, reverse 2.(adj.)from the past過去的、拖欠的[例]
We have a lot of back orders.3.(v.)support資助
[例]
The bank backed my new venture.[同義詞] support, encourage
backdate [????????](v.)to put a date on a document that is earlier than the real date, so that it is valid from that earlier date 倒填日期
[例]
He backdated the bill so that it can be valid.[同義詞]
antedate
back order(n.)an order for goods that have not yet been produced or supplied積壓定單
[例]
After a long vacation, I found myself in a huge stack of back orders.[同義詞] backlog
back out(v)to give up or not do something after agreeing to do it不履行 [例]
You will be charged for sure if you back out of the contract.[同義詞]
default
backer [????????](n.)person who supports financially資助者 [例]
The company has some big backers.[同義詞] patron, sponsor, benefactor
backing [??????? ](n.)support, usually financial one資助
[例]
Strong governmental baking makes the project very profitable.backhander [????????????](n.inf.)a bribe, money given under the table賄賂 [例]
The chief director was arrested for his involvement in some backhander affairs.[同義詞] bribe
backlog [???????](n.)build-up of work or orders which have not been processed積壓的工作（或訂單）[例]
The failure of the project was due to backlog of superior orders.back up support 支持
[例]
You should back up all claims you make.back-up(back up)(n,v)to make a cope in case the original one is lost or damaged 備份
[例]
I made a back-up of that document in case of some unforeseen damage to it.bad debt(n.)debt which will not be paid呆帳
[例]
The obvious decrease of bad debt avoided the bankruptcy of the big nation owned enterprise.bad faith(n.)having a dishonest intention 欺詐
[例]
Bad faith will bring disasters to a cooperation in the long run.[反義詞]
integrity，good-will
balance [???????](n.)amount which makes the total credits and debits equal收支平衡（差額）、結余 [例]
Additional balance statement will charge 10 USD.[同義詞] equilibrium, equipoise, evenness
balance of payments(n.)international financial position of a country(account of imports, exports and invisible earnings)貿易收支差額
balance sheet(n.)statement of the financial position of a company or business at a certain moment資產平衡表
ban(v)to forbid something;to forbid someone to do something 禁止
[例]
Public advertisement on tobacco is banned in China, but some crafty tobacco companies are successful in circumventing this ban.[同義詞] forbid
bank(v)to deposit something in a bank 存入
[例]
You have to bank a certain amount of money in order to avoid being overdrawn.[同義詞]
deposit
BA(bank acceptance)a bill of exchange that is accepted by a bank for a fee.銀行承兌匯票
[例]
We will issue a bank acceptance for the payment.bank book(n.)a book that lists all payments into and withdrawals from a customer?s bank account 存折 [例]
You can insert your bank book into this machine which will automatically update it.bank holiday(n.)a day, not a Saturday or Sunday, when banks are closed and which is also a general holiday(英國)銀行假日
[例]
You have to wait till the day after tomorrow for your opening account in the Bank of London because
tomorrow is a bank holiday.bank statement(n.)written statement showing transactions and balance of an account銀行結單
bankrupt [ ????????? ]1.(adj.)unable to pay debts破產的 [例]
He was declared bankrupt.[同義詞] insolvent 2.(v.)force someone to become bankrupt使破產
[例]
The high interest rates have bankrupted my business.bankruptcy [ ????????????? ](n.)state of being bankrupt破產 [同義詞] insolvency
bar code(n.)a series of lines printed on a product that can be read by a machine connected to a computer system to give a price or reference number 條形碼
[例]
The invent of bar code has greatly speeded up the economy of supermarkets
bargain [ ??????? ]1.(v.)discuss in order to reach agreement on price conditions討價還價 [同義詞] haggle, negotiate
2.(n.)item at a good(cheap)price物美價廉的商品
[例]
The cardigan is real a bargain for I just pay half of its previous price.bargaining [ ????????? ](n.)discussing in order to reach agreement 討價還價 [例]
The buyer and seller finally agreed to the price level after 2 hours? bargaining.barrister [ ???????? ](n.)a person who is qualified to speak in a higher court of law大律師
[例]
He is a top barrister specializing in financing law.[同義詞]
lawyer ,solicitor, bar, counsel
b/e(abbr)bill of exchange 匯票
basic [???????? ](adj.)minimum that can be expected;what everything else depends on基本的 [例]
Older workers will, of course, still be interested in basic pay.[同義詞] fundamental, essential, elementary，batch [????? ](n.)group of items made at same time一批 [例]
This batch of goods will be delivered by UPS.batch process(n.)production process based on converting a quantity of items at the same time批處理
batch size(n.)number of items in a batch批量bear market(n.)period when share prices are falling熊市 [例]
Unfortunately, you confronted bear market.beat [ bi:t ](v.)win over(someone)in a fight勝過
[例]
We have beaten our competitors to be the first on the market.[同義詞] defeat, hit
behave[???????? ](v.)act舉止
[例] You should behave yourself when attending such important banquet.below-the-line(adj.)below-the-line advertising;advertising which is not paid for頁底的（廣告）
[例]
Below-the-line activities refers to sales promotion or marketing research which a marketing department buys directly.benchmarking(n.)to measure(a rival's product)according to specified standards in order to compare it with and improve one's own product比較和改進自己的產品
[例] Benchmarking has become one of the fashionable words in current management discussion.benefit [ ?????????] 1.(n.)advantage;profit 好處,利益 [例]
It will be our mutual benefit to come to an agreement.2.(n.)money provided as a right under a state or private insurance scheme, e.g.disability benefit.津貼,救濟金 3.(v.)to profit, gain advantage from有益于,受益于
disability benefit(n.)payment made to a person unable to work because of permanent or long-term physical handicap殘疾撫恤金
sickness benefit(n.)payments made while a person is on sick leave病假補助
fringe benefits(n.)extra benefits such as a car, private health insurance provided by a company附加福利
[例]
Fringe benefits should be firmly incorporated within the payment policy and administered by the personnel department.bid [ bid ](n & v)offer to buy something at a certain price出價、投標 [例]
Those potential buyers of the company bid against each other.takeover bid(n.)出價收購
bidder [ ??????](n.)person who makes an offer投標人 [例]
The company will go to the highest bidder.bill [ ????? ] 1.(n.)written list of money to be paid帳單 [例]
This bill does not include VAT.2.(v.)send a bill to someone開帳單
bill of entry(n.)a detailed list of goods prepared by the exporter or importer for examination by customs 報關單
[例]
I will prepare a bill of entry , together with other required documents for the declaration of this batch of imported goods.bill of lading(B/L)(n.)a document that shows details of goods being transported.It is a receipt from the transporter to the sender and entitles the receiver to collect the goods on arrival.提單
billboard [ ???????? ](n.)large roadside advertising poster（戶外）廣告牌 [例]
The billboard of KFC is obvious everywhere.billing [??????? ](n.)1.process of invoicing 開帳單
2.advertising;promotion 廣告，促銷
[例]
The product needed better billing to outsell its competitors.bill of materials(n.)list of all raw materials and parts that go into an end product材料清單
billion [????????](n.)US:one thousand million（美）十億;GB: one million million（英）萬億
black [ ?????](adj.)not allowed by law黑市的，非法交易的
black market(n.)a situation of illegal trading in goods, currencies or services黑市
[例]
He bought some pirate CDs on the black market.in the black in credit（銀行存款）有贏余
black list list of goods, companies, people who are prohibited from trading黑名單 [例]
The customer is in the system black list so we can not provide trading service for him.blue chips(n.)shares with the highest status as investments, usually shares of well-established companies藍籌股，熱門的股票
[例]
Wise investors will show great interest in blue chips.blue-collar(adj.)relating to manual work體力勞動者
[例]
Your local newspaper is usually the best source of blue-collar jobs.board meeting(n)a gathering of the directors of a company to discuss important company business董事會
[例] He will chair the board meeting tomorrow on the takeover issues.board of directors(n.)group of people chosen by the shareholders to develop company policy董事會議
[例] This proposal has been approved by the board of directors.bond [????? ](n.)contract document promising to repay money borrowed by a company or government債券
[例]
Most bonds are unsecured and do not grant shares in an organization.bonded goods(n)imported items on which customs duties must be paid before they can be collected by the imported or exported again保稅貨物
[例] We need permission to release these bonded goods to the importer.bonded house(n)a building where bonded goods are kept until the customs duty has been paid and they can be collected by the importer or exported again 保稅倉庫 [例] The cargo is still in the bonded house.bonus [ ??????? ](n.)additional payment獎金，紅利
[例]
Our department manager has been given an annual bonus for his good performance.[同義詞] dividend
book [ buk ](v.)to arrange for(tickets or lodgings, for example)in advance;reserve 預訂
[例]
The secretary has booked the manager in at the Hilton Hotel.books(n.pl)the financial records of a company公司帳目 [例]
The books of the company clearly reveals its bad debt.book value(n.)value of assets as recorded in the company?s books帳面價值
[例]
Except at the time of purchase of the asset, the book value of the asset is seldom the same as its market value.bookkeeper [??????????? ](n.)person who keeps the financial records of a company會計員
boom [ bu:m ](n.)time when business activity is increasing繁榮 [例]
We must take advantage of the economic boom.[同義詞] prosper, thrive, flourish boost(v)to increase the strength or value of something, to help and encourage something 推動 [例]
Lower interest rates will greatly boost the economy.bottleneck [ ????????? ](n.)a restriction in the normal work flow瓶頸，障礙 [例]
We?ve got a bottleneck in our supply operations.bottom [??????]1.(adj.)lowest最底處的[例]
rock-bottom price 2.(v.)bottom out, reach the lowest point 跌至底點
bounce [ bauns ](v.)refuse to pay a cheque and return it to the bearer because there is not enough money in the payer?s account支票被銀行退票
[例]
Two of my cheques were bounced last week.brainstorm [ ?????????????](n.and v.)an approach to problem-solving in which a group of people meet to provide wide-ranging ideas on an issue集體討論
[例] The members of the board gave a brainstorm during the meeting held yesterday.branch [ ??????? ]1.(n.)local office of a large business分公司 [例]
We have branches throughout the country.2.(v.)To enlarge the scope of one's interests, business, or activities擴展 [例]
The partners are looking into branching out into Europe.brand [ ????? ](n.)product which can be recognized by a name品牌
[例]
The brand establishment needs a very long time and will bring long-term benefits.branding(n.)the process of giving brand names to products品牌命名 [例]
How is the branding of that new product going on?
brand leader brand with the biggest market share品牌領導者 [例]
IBM is the brand leader in the field of portable computer.brand loyalty(n.)customer desire to continue buying the same brand品牌忠誠度 [例]
They managed to set up the brand loyalty of their consumers.break even(v.)balance costs and revenue, not make a profit or a loss收支平衡 [例]
We just broke even last year.breakeven point point at which revenue equals costs 收支平衡點 breakthrough [ ??????????? ](n.)an act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction突破 [例] It is up to both of us to try our best to make a breakthrough in the present negotiations.brief [ bri:f ](v.)to give concise preparatory instructions, information, or advice to簡要介紹
[例]
The CEO briefed his senior managers on the project that is supposed to be the turning point for the fate of the firm.[同義詞] abstract, synopsis, outline
bring forward(v.)make earlier提前
[例]
We brought the launch date forward to June 1st.bring up(v.)mention, introduce提出
[例]
The chairman brought up the question of holidays.brochure [ ????????? ](n.)publicity booklet giving information about a product or service（宣傳產品的）小冊子
[例]
They asked for a brochure about our services.[同義詞] leaflet, pamphlet, booklet
broke[ ????? ](adj, inf)without/out of money破產的，一文不名的 [例]
He was broke until he won the lottery.[同義詞] insolvent
broker [?????????](n.)person who buys and sells shares/currency etc.經紀人 [例]
That firm is acting as a broker.[同義詞] agent, middleman
brown goods(n)items such as television sets and radios that are sold in cabinets made of wood or similar materials 茶色電器
[例] There are bloody competitions on China? brown goods market.[反義詞]white goods
b-school(business school)(n)a college or a department of a university providing business courses to students商學院
[例] He graduated from a top-ten b-school in US.budget[ ??????? ](n.)plan of forecast income and expenditure收支預算
[例]
Generally a functional budget is draw up for each functional area within an organization.bulk [ ???? ]1.(n.)large quantity(of goods)大量
2.(adj.)大量的 We can offer you a discount for bulk purchase.bulk carrier(n)a ship designed to carry bulk goods散貨船
[例] Due to the on-going strike , our goods can only be delivered by bulk carrier.bull market(n.)period when share prices are rising牛市（行情看漲的市場）[例]
She sold all her bonds in bull market.bull position(n)a situation in which a dealer keeps hold of a particular stock or share because he expects a rise in price多頭 [例] in a bull position [同義詞]long position
bust [ ?????](adj inf)bankrupt破產的 [例] The f irm went bust.buyout(n.)the purchase of a company or business購買下
[例]
If the workers do approve the buyout, their company will become the nation's largest employee-owned enterprise.buy up
（v）to buy all or nearly all of what is available of something 盡可能買斷 [例] In order to benchmark their products, they bought up all lines of their rivals.buyer’s market(n)a situation where certain products are in plentiful supply, resulting in low price and good credit term for buyers 買方市場
[例] Too many entrants into this market created a buyer?s market in TVs.[反義詞] seller?s marker
by-product [???????????](n.)substance produced during the making of sth else 副產品 [例]
Ammonia, coal tar and coke are all by-products obtained in the manufacture of the coal gas.[同義詞] spin-off
byte(n)a unit of computer information consisting of a number of bits or binary digits 字節 [例] The speed of download is about 1 m bytes per second.C CAD(=Computer Aided Design)(n.)design and drafting performed interactively on a computer計算機輔助設計
[例]
Each student majoring in architecture should learn CAD.call [ ???? ]1.(n.)visit, telephone call訪問，電話 [例]
The salesman plans to make seven calls.2.(v.)telephone打電話
call on(v.)visit拜訪
[例]
He will call on our major customers next week.campaign [????????? ](n.)plan of action（商業）活動 [例]
advertising campaign
candidate [????????? ](n.)person who puts himself/herself forward for a job候選人，應聘者 [例]
Several managers normally interview one candidate because this increases the likelihood of making a good choice.[同義詞] applicant
canteen [ ?????????](n.)factory restaurant食堂
[例]
All the employees of the company have their lunch in the canteen.canvass [ ??????? ](v.)to go through(a region)or go to(persons)to solicit votes or orders游說,向… 拉選票 或拉生意
[例]
Please canvass your customers for orders.capacity [????????? ](n.)amount which can be produced生產能力 [例]
We are working at full capacity.capital [????????? ](n.)money, property and assets used in a business（投入）資本 [例]
One company can open just one capital account in the bank according to the Chinese regulation.caption [???????? ](n.)short description under a photograph or illustration 文字說明,字幕 [例]
We have noted your letter of November 28 under the above caption.[同義詞] title
captive market(n)a situation where buyer?s have no choice of goods or have to deal with only one seller 壟斷市場 [例] This firm is the only manufacture of CD players in the country and gains a lot from such captive market.[同義詞] monopoly
capture[ ??????? ](v.)take占有，奪取 [例]
We captured 20% of the market.career[ ???????](n.)job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to do throughout one?s life事業生涯
[例]
People have to decide how important work and career are to be in their life.carrier(n)a person or business that transports goods for commercial purposes 承運人 [例] Please arrange the carrier for delivering this batch of goods.[同義詞] haulier
carry on(v.)continue堅持
[例]
Your team can carry on that project from now on.case study(n.)a training technique based on solving a case or problem facing an organization案例分析 [例] In MBA study, we should learn how to make good case study.cash [?????] 1.(n.)money in notes and coins現金
[例]
Carrying cash is very dangerous and inconvenient for foreign travelers.[同義詞]
money, currency
2.(v.)exchange a cheque for cash兌現（支票）
cash crop(n)the produce grown by farmers who intend to sell it rather than use it themselves 經濟作物 [例] Bananas are the pillar cash crop for this tropic nation.cash flow(n.)the pattern of income and expenditures, as of a company or person, and the resulting availability of cash現金流轉
[例]
The cash flow of the bank?s counter is calculated at day end.cash ratio(n)the relationship between the mount of money a bank holds in cash and the total amount it holds in deposits and investments 現金比率
[例] In order to better deal with possible bank-rush, banks should keep a reasonable cash ratio.casual labour one that serves or appears at irregular intervals, especially a temporary worker臨時工人 [例]
All work is done by casual labour.catalogue [US catalog] a sales publication which lists products and prices產品目錄 [例]
When doing import trading, you should get to know the exporter?s catalogue.[同義詞]
list, inventory
cater for(v.)service, deal with供應
[例]
We can only cater for 20 people;if there are more, there won?t be enough space.catering industry(n.)industry provide food to customers餐飲業
[例]
Catering industry met depression for SARS in Asia.catch a cold to lose money in a business deal 虧本
[例] During that severe recession, many shareholders caught a cold.CBA(cost-benefit analysis)成本效益分析
certificate of origin(n)a document that shows where goods were made 原產地證書 [例] The Customs required us to show a certificate of origin for clearing the goods.certified cheque(n)a cheque marked by the bank it is drawn on as “good for payment” 保兌支票 [例] We only accept certified cheque.[同義詞] marked cheque
chain [?????? ](n.)number of shops belonging to one company連鎖店 [例]
The well famous retail company has built up at least 200 chain stores in China.chair[????? ](v.)to preside over as chairperson 主持 [例]
I chaired the executive committee.[同義詞]
preside
challenger [ ????????????? ](n.)company which enters a market where others are already established 挑戰者
[例]
New Asia Snack is a competitive challenger to KFC.channel [ ?????? ](n.)means by which goods pass from one place to another（銷售）渠道 [例]
The main distribution channel is through supermarkets.charge [??????? ](n.)payment to be made for a service費用
[例]
There is no service charge included in the bill – it is at your discretion!chart [???????](n.)diagram which displays information visually 圖表 [例]
Please draw a chart on sales volume of this month.[同義詞]
diagram,graph
bar chart uses columns to show relative heights直方圖
flow chart shows process from first to last step流程圖
organization chart(n.)a chart which shows how a job relates to other jobs and where it fits in the overall 組織機構圖
[例] Please give me an organization chart of that company.pie chart shows data in a circle cut up into segments圓型圖
checklist(n.)a list of items to be noted, checked, or remembered清單 [例]
a checklist for shopping
checkout[??????????](n.)place where goods are paid for in a shop結帳處 [例]
Where is the checkout of the supermarket?
cheque [?????](n.)[US check] note ordering a bank to pay money to the person/company whose name is written on the cheque支票
[例]
You need to have the drawer endorsed first, then go to the bank to encash the cheque.chief [???????](adj.)most important最重要的 [例]
This is the chief problem.CEO Chief Executive Officer 執行總裁
[例]
Jack Welch , the former CEO of GE is the No.1 CEO in the world.CIF COST, INSURANCE AND FREIGHT到岸價格
circular [ ????????? ](n.)a copied leaflet which is sent to people 傳單，大量分發的廣告頁 [例]
Have you seen the circular handed out in the street? [同義詞]
notice, advertisement
claim[ ????? ] 1.(n.)request for money索賠 [例]
We put in an insurance claim after the accident.2.(v.)ask for money索賠
[例]
We claimed $50,000 for the damaged car.claimant [?????????](n.)a party that makes a claim（根據權利）提出要求者, 原告
classified advertisement(n)short ads in a newspaper or magazine placed by people offering or asking for a product or service, or who are offering or looking for employment分類廣告
[例] I will place a classified ad for the coming auction.clear(v)1.to dispose of goods 拋售
[例] The stock sold their goods at cost price in an attempt to clear old stock.2.to pass goods through customs 清關
[例] clear the goods
clear(adj)net 凈的
[例] The clear profit is very little after deduction of all expenses.clerk [ ???????????? ](n.)person employed in an office to do routine tasks職員
[例]
She was employed as a bank maintenance clerk after her graduation.client [????????? ](n.)person or company buying a service客戶 [例]
Nowadays good service is a very important aspect to the bank?s clients.clientele [ ????????????? ](n.)a body of customers or patrons 顧客（總稱）[例]
a restaurant's clientele
Co(n.)abbreviation for company“公司”的縮寫
cold [ ????? ](adj.)not approached before 冷不防的
[例]
He gave me a cold call this afternoon but we didn?t have any appointment.collaboration [????????????????](n.)working together 協作
[例]
The efficient collaboration will bring mutual benefit to both sides.collective bargaining(n.)negotiations between unions and employers about conditions, wages, etc.集體協定，勞資雙方就工資等問題談判
[例]
Labor union is making collective bargaining with employers of that factory.come up with =put forward(an idea)提出 [例]
come up with an original idea
commercial [ ????????? ](adj.)of or relating to commerce 商業的 [例]
commercial area [同義詞]
trading, mercantile
commercial(n.)advertisements on TV or radio（電視插播的）商業廣告 [同義詞]
advertisement [例] The aim of the repetitions of the same commercial on television is nothing but to brainwash consumers into compulsive consumption.commercialize [????????????? ](v.)make something make money使商業化 [例]
They have a good research reputation but they find it difficult to commercialize their products.commission [????????? ](n.)proportionate amount of money paid to a sales person/agent, usually a percentage of the sales made傭金
[例]
We offered the agent a 10% commission.commitment [ ???????????](n.)acceptance of values or pursuit of objectives 許諾,承擔義務 [例]
We have not made any commitment in this respect.[同義詞]
pledge, engagement, promise
commodity[?????????? ](n.)goods sold in very large quantities, such as metals, foodstuffs商品（尤指日用品）[例] The commodity of this food company sells very well on the market.commute [ ???????? ](v.)daily travel between home and office 每天乘車往返上下班 [例]
She, as a consultant, commutes from Cambridge to London every day.limited(liability)company(Itd.)a private company where the shareholders are responsible for repaying debts to the value of their shares有限責任公司
public limited company(plc)company whose shares can be bought on the Stock Exchange股票上市公司
compensate [ ??????????? ](v.)give something such as money to someone for loss or damage補償 [例]
The director decided to compensate those who had been hurt in the working accident.compensation [ ????????????? ](n.)something, usually money, given to someone for loss or damage 賠償（金）
compete [????????? ](v.)succeed in doing better than(another person/company)競爭 [例]
It?s difficult to compete with low-priced imports.competition [???????????? ](n.)process of trying to do better競爭 [例]
The competition is very fierce.competitor [??????????? ](n.)person/company that competes競爭者 [例]
Dozens of competitors are applying for the position of sales manager.[同義詞]
rival, opponent, adversary competitive[???????????? ](adj.)of a product which competes well有競爭力的 [例]
It?s important to keep a competitive edge.[同義詞]
rival, competing, vying, combative
competitive edge(n.)advantage競爭優勢 [例] We have competitive edge in this respect.competitiveness(n.)process of being competitive 競爭力
competence [??????????](n.)ability to do a job well, skill or efficiency能力，勝任 [例]
The promotion of an employee should be judged chiefly by his competence.[同義詞]
ability, capability
component [?????????????]1.(n.)piece of machinery機器部件
2.(n.)part that goes into the final product產品零件 [例] This new type of machine contains many components.[同義詞] part，replacement
complimentary [ ????????????????? ](adj.)given free to repay a favor or as an act of courtesy 免費贈送的 [例]
complimentary ticket
concentrated marketing(n.)marketing directed at one segment of the market密集性市場策略
condition [?????????? ](n.)1.general state 狀態2.term of a contract 條款
conditions(n.pl)situation狀況，環境
[例]
It will probably be appropriate to start an interview with a neutral chat by asking non-controversial questions – perhaps about the weather or the traffic conditions.conditions of employment(n.)terms of employment雇傭條款 [例]
Do all the workers make clear of conditions of employment?
configuration [ ???????????????? ](n.)organization and layout of equipment生產設備的布置
[例]
Better configuration can increase operational efficiency.conflict [?????????? ](n.)disagreement爭執
[例]
Conflict can clear the air by letting people get their bad feelings ?off their chest?.[同義詞]
clash, collision, disagreement
conglomerate [????????????? ](n.)group of companies jointly owned producing different products企業集團
[例]
One of the main advantages of a conglomerate is that the risk is spread over a number of companies operating in different markets.consensus [??????????? ](n.)agreement一致同意 [例]
They came into consensus in the end.consign [????????](v.)send(goods)to a buyer寄售
[例]
The exporter will consign the goods to the buyer after the shipment.[同義詞]
deliver, transfer, convey
consignee(n)a person or an organization intended to receive goods sent 收貨人 [例] We will inform the consignee of the date of shipping.[同義詞] receiver
consignment [??????????????](n.)group of goods sent in one load 運送之物 [同義詞]
commitment, delivery
consolidate [ ???????????? ](v.)put the accounts of subsidiary companies into the parent company?s accounts合并
[例]
In the year end, the financial department will consolidate all the financial items to outcome the balance sheet.[同義詞]
unit, join, combine
consolidated accounts accounts of subsidiaries grouped together with the parent company合并賬目
consortium [???????????? ](n.)a group of companies formed for a special purples, for example, to bid for a large contract協會, 聯盟,(國際)財團
[例] In order to bid for a large contract, these several companies formed a consortium.[同義詞] syndicate
consultancy [????????????? ](n.)a business or agency offering expert or professional advice in a field咨詢公司
[例]
open a financial consultancy
consultant [???????????? ](n.)one that gives expert or professional advice咨詢官 [例]
She is the No.1 marketing consultant , esp.in promotional strategies.consumables [ ????????????? ](n.pl)goods which are used up in the production n process消耗品
[例] In order to get final products, we must use up a lot of consumables in the production process.consumer [??????????? ](n.)person who buys goods or services消費者 [例] In this theory the consumer is assumed to be rational.consumer behavior purchasing patterns of consumers 消費者行為
[例]
Before we enter this market , we should make a research into the consumer behavior.consumer durables expensive items which last a number of years耐用品 [例]
Refrigerators and washing machines belong to consumer durables.consumer goods(n.)goods bought by consumers as opposed to industry生活消費品 [例] It is consumers, not industry, who buy consumer goods.container(n)a very large wooden or metal box into which a number of goods may be packed before being transported by road , rail or ship 集裝箱
[例]Near the dock you can see many container trucks being driven into and out of the port.contingency [???????????????](n.)possible emergency which, if it happens, will need immediate action突發事件,意外事故
[例] It is a real contingency to him that the marketing price fluctuates violently.continuous process(n.)a production system in which materials move continuously through the process連續生產, 連續處理
[例] Tomorrow he will show us the continuous process of that production.contract [ ????????? ](n.)legal agreement between two parties合同 [例]
He signed a 2 years? contract with the company employing him.[同義詞]
agreement, pact, compact
contractor [??????????? ](n.)a person or party who provides goods or services under a legal agreement訂約人
[例]
Who are contractors of the two parties respectively?
contractual [?????????????? ](adj.)describing the relationship under a legal agreement契約的 [例] We have no doubt that you will respect the solemnity of contractual obligations.contribute [ ???????????? ](v.)give support(often money)捐獻 [例]
We contributed to the charity fund.[同義詞]
supply, furnish, provide contribution [ ??????????????? ](n.)amount of support or money given貢獻 [同義詞]
donation
conversion [??????????? ](n.)process of changing inputs into finished products（投入）轉化（為產品）
[例] Finally we made a conversion of raw materials into finished products.[同義詞]
transformation, transfiguration, alteration
convertible currency(n)money that can be exchanged for the currency of another country 可自由兌換貨幣 [例] Till now , RMB is not a convertible currency.copy [?????? ](n.)text specially written for an advertisement or a brochure（廣告）解說詞 [例]
The copy for the brochure needs some revision in wording.copyright(n)an exclusive legal right, for a certain number of years , to print, publish, record, perform, sell and original text ,work of art or design 版權
[例] China should reinforce her law to punish infringement of copyright.copywriter [?????????????](n.)person who writes copy for advertisements etc.廣告文字撰稿人
core time(n.)period of working day when all employees must be at work 固定工作時間(see also flexitime)[例] However, you must all be here for core time from 10 till 3.corporate [ ????????? ](adj.)referring to the whole company法人組織的 [例]
Corporate advertising sells the company, not its products.correspondence [??????????????? ](n.)communication by the exchange of letters通信，商務信函
[例]
Correspondence can be a key to success.33 courier [??????? ](n.)a person or an organization employed to carry important papers and packages.快遞
[例] We use UPS as our courier for the shipping notice and the tracking Number is 231.[同義詞]
messenger, bearer, carrier
cover [?????? ](v.)pay 支付
[例]
The organizers will cover some of your costs while you are on this course.direct cost(n.)production cost of a specific product直接成本 [例]
The direct cost of this product is too high.We cannot accept it.fixed costs costs which do not increase when production increases or decreases固定成本 [例]
Fixed cost plus variable cost equals total cost.indirect costs(n.)costs which are not directly attached to the production of an item間接成本
overhead costs(n.pl)day-to-day costs of running a business營業間接成本
running costs costs of day-today management of a company日常經營成本
unit cost(n.)total labour, material and overhead costs to produce one unit單位成本
variable costs costs which increase or decrease as production changes 可變成本
cost-effective(adj.)which gives value劃算的 [例]
The scheme is cost-effective.costing [ ??????? ](n.)the calculation of costs for a project成本核算
credentials [ ???????????](n.)evidence or testimonials concerning one's right to credit, confidence, or authority 證明（書）[例] academic credentials
[同義詞]
certificate, diploma, licence
credit [?????????](n & adj)time given to a customer to pay賒賬期限 [例]
We normally give 3 months? credit.credit control system for checking that customers pay on time 信用控制
letter of credit note from a bank allowing credit and promising to repay at a later date信用證
credit limit maximum amount that a customer can owe信用額度限制
credit rating amount which a credit agency thinks a company/person should be allowed to borrow客戶信貸分類
creditor [????????? ](n.)person who is owed money債權人
credit-worth(adj.)considered a good risk to be allowed to buy goods on credit 信用好的 [例] The credit-worth chart show the relationship between the credit and profit from it.creditworthiness(n.)ability to repay money borrowed信譽度 [例] We should check your creditworthiness before we give you loans.crisis [ ???????? ](n.)dangerous/difficult/serious situation危機 [例]
a banking crisis [同義詞]
emergency, exigency, dilemma
criterion [ ???????????? ](n.)a standard, rule, or test on which a judgment or decision can be based標準
[例]
Quality is our main criterion.[同義詞]
standard
critical path analysis(n.)network planning technique for scheduling projects關鍵途徑分析 [例] He asked his secretary to prepare a critical path analysis.currency [????????? ](n.)money which is used in a particular country通貨 [例]
There are still some existing Chinese regulations governing foreign currency.[同義詞] money, cash, legal tender
hard currency currency of a country with a stable economy 硬通貨
current [ ??????? ](adj.)referring to the present time 當前的 [例]
current leaders [同義詞] presend, ongoing, prevailing
current account bank account from which a customer can withdraw money at any time 經常帳戶
[例]
If you want your money can bring some benefits in the bank, I advise you do a time deposit rather than
deposit it in your current account.current liabilities(n.pl)debts which a company must repay in the short term流動負債 [例]
Too many current liabilities is risky to a company.customer [????????? ](n.)person/company who buys goods 消費者 [例]
Customers today are more rational when they are choosing and making decision.customize [?????????](v.)to adapt a product for a particular customer定制 [例]
I want to customize a new style of clothes for my fashionable sister.cut back(v)to reduce the amount of money, staff or other resources available for a project or an organization 削減
[例] To reduce the risk involved in this project, we should cut back our investment in it
cut-price(adj.)sold at a lower than normal price 打折的，廉價的 [例]
Today we can taste that cut-price pizza after we finish shopping.cut-throat(adj.)fierce, intense殘酷的 [例]
cut-throat competition
cv [,???????;?,?????](n.)(=curriculum vitae)written statement of education and previous employment履歷
[例]
If you want to apply for the job, don?t forget to send in a detailed cv.cycle [ ???????](n.)regularly repeated sequence周期
[例]
This is our normal selling cycle-it?s always quiet after Christmas.cycle time(n.)time between entry of material into production facility and exit周期時間 [例] Cycle time should be condensed next year.36 D D/A 1.deposit account定期存款
2.document against acceptance 承兌交單
damages [ ???????? ](n.pl)money claimed for harm done 賠償金 [例]
We are claiming damages for unfair dismissal.[同義詞]
compensation,reparation
danger money(n)extra money or high wages paid to people working in hazardous conditions危險工作津貼 [例] All medical staff who were fighting SARS to save patient?s life received danger money.database [ ?????????? ](n.)date bank 數據庫
day book(n)a book containing records of invoices, credit notes, etc.日記帳 [例] She wrote the invoice number in the day book to update the accounts.deadline[ ???????? ](n.)date/time by which something has to be done最終期限 [例]
The deadline for the application is tomorrow morning.deal [??????]1.(n.)1.business agreement交易 [例]
We set up a deal with our agents.2.(v.)trade, buy and sell做生意 [例]
He deals in gold.[同義詞]
trade, bargain, negotiate
dealer [??????? ](n.)person who buys and sells商人 [例]
a foreign exchange dealer [同義詞]
merchant, trader, tradesman
dear [ ??? ](adj.)high-priced;expensive昂貴的[例]
a dear gift [同義詞]
expensive, costly, pricey
dear money(n)money that is difficult to borrow because of high interest rate 高利息借貸資本 [例] Government adopted the dear money policy to restrain the overhot investment in the real estate.debenture [??????????](n)a form of long-term loan, with a fixed rate of interest and usually repaid at a fixed date 公司債券
[例] The company sold the debenture for financing.37
debit [ ?????? ]1.(n.)money which is owed借方 [例]
The debit column is the left-hand column in accounts.2.(v.)debit an account記入借方 [例] debit＄5 against a person's account
direct debit money withdrawn automatically from a bank account for regular payments直接借記
debt [ ??? ](n.)money owed 債務 [同義詞]
liability, obligation, due
to get into debt 負債
to be out of debt 不欠債
to pay off a debt 償清債務
debt ratio(n)the relationship between the total amount of money owned by a company and the company?s shareholder?s funds負債比率
[例] As the debt ratio is ever-increasing, investors fell uncertain about the prospect of the company.debtor [?????? ](n.)person who owes money 債務人
aged debtors companies which owe money listed according to age of debt 長期債務人
declare[???????? ](v.)make an official statement公布 [例]
The company declared interim profits of 420 million.decline [ ???????? ]1.(n.)slow fall下滑 [同義詞]
decrease 2.(v.)fall slowly下滑 [同義詞]
decrease
[例]
When the income level of the consumers declines, the market price for house will fall accordingly.deduct [ ??????? ](v.)subtract from the total figure 扣除 [例]
After deducting all the costs, we actually made a loss.[同義詞]
subtract, take away
deductible [ ?????????? ](adj.)which can be deducted可扣除的
[例]
tax-deductible
deduction [ ????????? ](n.)subtraction from the total figure扣除，減除 [例]
after deduction of tax [同義詞]
subtraction, reduction, decrease
default [ ?????????] 1.(n.)failure to meet the terms of a contract未履行 2.(v.)to fail to meet the terms of a contract違約 [例]
In the end they have to meet a default.defect [ ????????](n.)fault, something wrong in the design of a machine缺陷 [例]
There is a small defect in this product.defective [?????????? ](adj.)not working properly有缺陷的 [例]
The defective working line slowed down the entire production process.defer [??????? ](v.)to put off to a later date推遲
[例]
Please defer shipment until you receive our further instructions.[同義詞]
delay, postpone, ajourn
deferred payments(n.)payments postponed to a later date延期付款 [例]
We cannot accept deferred payment.deficit [ ?????????](n.)amount by which expenditure is higher than income赤字 [例]
They have incurred trade deficit for several years.[同義詞]
shortage, shortfall,deficiency
deflation [???????????n ](n)a reduction in the amount of money circulating in a country?s economy, so that prices fall or remain steady 通貨緊縮
[例] Under the policy of deflation , prices have fallen back to a normal level
delegate [ ?????????] 1.(v.)to give authority and responsibility to someone to act on one?s behalf委派為…代表 2.(n.)person to whom authority and responsibility are given代理 3.(n.)person representing an organization at a meeting or conference大會代表
[例] We note that you will have delegated your Miss Chris to attend the Shanghai Fair.delegation [ ???????????? ](n.)group of delegates代表團
[例]
The Shanghai Trade Delegation was warmly received at Hong Kong Spring Commodities Fair.39 deliver [?????????](v.)transport goods to a customer送貨
[例]
You as the VIP customer can choose the way how we deliver our product to you and the charge will be free.delivery cycle(n.)time from receipt of customer order to shipment供貨周期 [例]
We should try to shorten the delivery cycle.demand [ ???????? ](n.)1.request for payment請求償付 [例]
First demands were issued to all late payers.2.need for products and services at a certain price需求 [例]
We are having difficulty meeting demand.demand management(n.)series of activities to recognize and manage all the demands for products需求的監督和調節
[例] They decided to carry out demand management to get information from consumers.demotivated(adj.)not interested失去動力的
[例] The depression of economy demotivated them at last.denationalize [??????????????](v)to put a government-owned company or industry back into private ownership 私營化
[例] Sooner or later, China?s communication sector will be completely denationalized.[同義詞] privatize
department [ ??????????? ](n.)part of an organization部門
[例]
The employment manager would like to talk to some of the company?s supervisors and department heads.[同義詞]
branch, division, subdivision
deposit [????????? ](n.)1.money placed in a bank account存款
[例]
Once your deposit in our bank exceeds 50,000 USD, the monthly 20 USD account maintenance fees will be exempted.deposit account account earning interest有息存款，儲蓄存款 [例]
We require 7 days? notice of withdrawal on this deposit account.2.money paid in advance in order to reserve a product押金
depot [ ????????????????](n.)warehouse倉庫 [例]
The goods are temporally stored in the depot near the port.depreciate[ ??????????? ](v.)reduce the value of assets in the accounts over a certain time貶值
[例]
We depreciate business equipment over 5 years.[同義詞]
devalue, devaluate
depreciation [ ??????????????? ](n.)reduction in the value of an asset貶值
[同義詞]
devaluation, deflation
deregulate [????????????](v)to free an industry , an organization, etc from price control, especially by a government 撤消管制 [例] to deregulate the food market
deskilling(n)the losing of skills by workers through unemployment , lack of training , etc.失去技能
[例] The great depression caused many companies to lay off their workers which would result in deskilling of staff.desktop [????????](n.)desktop computer 臺式電腦
despatch [ ???????? ] see: dispatch
devalue [??????????](v.)reduce the value of a currency against other currencies（貨幣）貶值 [例]
The war inside the country severely hurts the consumers? confidence and devalues its currency in the international financial market.[同義詞]
depreciate, devaluate
devaluation [???????????????? ](n.)the deduction in the value of a currency against other currencies（貨幣）貶值 [同義詞]
depreciation, deflation
differentiate [ ?????????????? ](v.)to make something different or highlight the difference between two things區別
[例] It is hard to differentiate the one from the other.[同義詞] distinguish, set apart,separate ?differentiation [?????????????????? ](n.)making sure that a product has distinguishing features區別
[例] Line 1 and Line 2 have little differentiation.price differential(n)the difference in prices charged for the same product in different shops, or for different products in a range 差價
[例] The price for this air-conditioner is the lowest in Shanghai, and if you can find lower price for it within 15
days, we will refund the price differential to you.direct [ ????????????????? ](v.)manage, be in charge of管理，指揮 [例]
He directs our sales operation.[同義詞]
namage, control, run
director [ ??????????????????? ](n.)person appointed by shareholders to help manage a company 主管，董事
managing director UK [US Chief Executive Officer] 執行總裁
direct flight flight without transfer 直航
direct mail(n.)selling a product by sending information through the post直接郵寄廣告 [例] We have to wait for 2 days if we send it by direct mail.direct selling(n.)selling directly to a customer without going through any middlemen直銷 [例] Direct selling can save a lot of money.directory [ ???????????](n.)reference book containing listings目錄
[例] a telephone directory, a trade directory
discount [ ????????? ]1.(n.)percentage reduction in a full price打折
[例]
You can have 5% discount as a VIP customer.2.(v.)reduce the full price打折 [同義詞]
rebate
disintegration [ ???????????????? ](n)the breaking up of a company or group of companies 解散
[例]At last , the merger of these two big companies comes to disintegration.dismiss [???????? ](v.)remove from employment, sack(inf)解雇 [例]
You are dismissed for your poor performance and bad working attitude.[同義詞]
discharge
dismissal [ ??????????](n.)act of dismissing解雇 [例]
These rules are formal-such as the procedure for dismissal.[同義詞]
discharge
dispatch 1.(n.)sending goods to a customer送貨 [例]
dispatch department 2.(v.)send goods to customers送貨
display [????????] 1.(n.)show/exhibition of goods展覽
[例]
There was a display of the latest research at the trade fair in Frankfurt.2.(v.)show, exhibit展覽
dispute [ ????????? ]1.(n.)a disagreement爭論 [例]
We hope the matter in dispute will soon be settled.2.(v.)to disagree爭辯
distribute [ ?????????????? ](v.)send out goods from the manufacturer to the end user分銷 [例] The distributing line of the company is very advanced and considerable.distribution [???????????????? ](n.)act of sending goods from the producer to another person or organization分銷
[例] Have you prepared for the distribution of the goods?
distributor [??????????????](n.)person or company which sells goods for a manufacturer分銷商 [例]
We are the sole distributors.diversify [???????????? ](v.)extend into new business areas多元化 [例]
Although we are a chemicals company, we diversified into publishing.[同義詞] vary, variegate
diversification [ ????????????????? ](n.)act of diversifying多元化
[例]
The superior leaders of the company believe the diversification will bring larger market and more profits.divest [ ???????? ](v.)to sell assets出售 [例]
We cannot divest all assets.dividend [ ????????? ](n.)percentage of profits paid to shareholders紅利 [例]
The size of the dividend payment is decided by the board of the directors.[同義詞] bonus
dividend per share(n)the amount of money paid by a company to its shareholders divided by the total number of shares issues 每股股息
[例] After the reshuffle of the company, there is a huge rise in dividend per share.43
division [????????? ](n.)main part of a large organisation部門
[例]
The job description indicates where the job is to be carried out in terms of location, plant, division, department, and section.documentation [ ?????????????????](n.)a collection of documents referring to a subject文件資料
[例]
We have noted your instructions about documentation and will do accordingly.dog [???? ](n.)term used in Boston Matrix to describe a product with low market growth and low market share（波士頓距陣中）市場占有率低、增長率慢的瘦狗產品
donate [ ???????? ](v.)to present as a gift to a fund or cause;contribute捐贈 [例]
TOSHIBA donated $ 5 m to Cambridge Univ.[同義詞] give, bestow
domestic [ ??????????](adj.)referring to the home market國內的 [例]
Large domestic market encourages us to explore overseas markets.[同義詞] internal
dominant [?????????? ](adj.)most prominent as in position of market（市場）領導地位的 [例]
In these newer markets the firm is dominant.down payment a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later頭期款購買時的部分付款
down market(n.adj & adv)cheap, low end of the market 低端市場(的)
down-time/downtime [ ????????? ](n.)time when factory machines are not producing停工期 [例]
The downtime of the machine is too long.We?d better call the technician to maintain it.downturn [`????????](n.)a tendency downward, especially in business or economic activity低迷時期 [例]
There is a terrific downturn in retail sales six years ago.DP(n.)(=Data Processing)the use of data by computers數據處理
drawer [ ???????](n)one that draws, especially one that draws an order for the payment of money 開票人
[例] The cheque was bounced to the drawer because there was not enough money in his account.44
drawee [ ??????? ](n)the party on which an order for the payment of money is drawn受票人
[例] The drawee refused to accept the cheque because there was no signature in it.drill [????? ](n.)disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching and perfecting a skill or procedure訓練
[例]
easy and short drills
drive [?????]1(n.)energy內驅力,沖勁 [例]
His drive was worn out in the long run.[同義詞] vigour
2.(v.)urge forward催使，促進
[例]
New technological solutions are needed to tackle the problem and to help drive businesses forward to improve their productivity and output.[同義詞] propel, push, impel
due [????? ](adj.)owed應付的，到期的 [例]
This debt became due last week.dull [ ??? ](adj.)(of business or market)sluggish;flat 不景氣的 [例] The business of this company is dull this year.duplicate [???????????? ](n)an exact copy of a document such as a letter, a report, a receipt , and invoice etc.副本
[例] Keep the duplicate for your reference.[同義詞] copy
duty-free(adj.)
exempt from customs duties 免稅的 [例] duty-free merchandise
E earnings [ ??????? ](n.pl)salaries, profits, dividends, interest received收入 [例]
The meager earnings can hardly make a living for me.economic [?????????????](adj.)1.providing enough money, profitable賺錢的,有利潤的 [例]
This project doesn?t make economic sense.2.referring to state of the national economy經濟的 [例]
There is an economic crisis.economic efficiency(n.)the ratio of outputs to inputs經濟效益 [例]
The economic efficiency is higher this year than last year.economic sanctions(n)measures taken to force a country to obey international law, by stopping or reducing trade with that country.經濟制裁
[例] The UN decided to life the long-term economic sanctions on Iraq.economical [ ??????????????](adj.)money-saving節約的 [例]
an economical car [同義詞] thrifty
economics [?????????????????????](n.pl)the study of macro and micro economics經濟學
economist [?????????????](n.)person who specializes in the study of economics經濟學家
economise [??????????](v.)save money by spending less節約
economies(n.pl)savings積蓄
[例]
We need to introduce some economies.economy [???????????? ](n.)financial organization of a country經濟體制 [例]
a free market economy
economy class the cheapest class of a air travel經濟艙
economy of scale 規模經濟
edge [ ??? ](n.)advantage優勢 [例]
a competitive edge
effective [????????? ](adj.)able to produce the right results有效的，給人深刻印象的 [例]
The new pricelist will become effective from January.；an effective resume [同義詞] efficient, effectual, efficacious
efficiency [?????????? ](n.)ability to do the right thing效率 [例]
This machine has a good efficiency.efficient [????????? ](adj.)able to produce the right results quickly效率高的 [例]
The new type of machine is efficient to produce products.[同義詞] effective, effectual, efficacious
(be)eligible for qualified or entitled to be chosen有資格的[例]
They are eligible for the grant from the government.embezzle[ ??????? ](v)to take(money, for example)for one's own use in violation of a trust 挪用公款 [例] The GM is charged with embezzling funds from the company?s account.employ [?????????](v.)take on or use a person as a paid worker雇傭 [例]
During the year we employed an average of 65.[同義詞] engage, hire
employee [????????????????????? ](n.)person taken on as a paid worker雇員 [同義詞] worker
employer [ ?????????](n.)person or organization that takes on paid workers雇主 [同義詞] boss, director
employment [???????????? ](n.)work, job(s)工作
enclose [ ?????????](v)to put something in an envelop, usually as well as a letter 附寄 [例] Enclosed is the receipt for the order.endorse [ ??????? ](v.)write one?s name on, to accept背書，認可
[例]
Please cable us as soon as your application for import license has been endorsed.[同義詞] approve, sanction, ratify
endorsement [???????????? ](n.)acceptance背書 [例]
Our products have met with wide endorsement.47
endow [ ??????](v)to provide with property, income, or a source of income 資助，捐贈 [例] This research project is endowed by an international charity.enduser(n.)person who actually uses a product or service最終用戶
[例]
We should carry on a survey among our product?s end users to collect the feedback.engage [ ?????????](v.)to take a person on as a paid worker;employ雇傭 [例]
Congratulations, Chris!Our company engages you.[同義詞] hire, employ, take on
end-product(n)the final article produced by the manufacturing process 制成品 [同義詞] finished goods
enter [?????? ](v.)go into進入（市場）[例]
We entered the market in 1980.enterprise [ ?????????? ](n.)a business organization企業
entitle [ ???????? ](v.)to give a right to授權 [例]
We feel we are entitled to make this request.[同義詞] qualify, authorize, empower
entitlement(n.)a person?s right權利 [例]
He has the entitlement to sell the house.environmentally-friendly(adj)of activities , products, production processes, etc that do not harm the environment 環保的
[例] Our products are environmentally-friendly , so they are welcomed by our customers.[同義詞] green
holiday entitlement(n.)the right to have holiday休假權利
[例]
in the UK holiday entitlement generally ranges from three to six weeks per year
entrant [ ???????? ](n.)one that enters a market市場進入者
[例]
This firm is a new entrant showing tremendous potentials.entrepreneur [?????????????? ](n.)person who starts and runs a company/business企業家 [例]
Entrepreneur needs special innovative spirit and acute business sense to win the final success.48
entrepreneurial(adj.)have the very spirit of an entrepreneurial, such as creativeness and taking risk to run the enterprises etc.企業家（精神）的 [例]
entrepreneurial flair
environment [????????????????](n.)surroundings環境
[例]
To be classed as a work accident, the accident must take place in the work environment.equity [ ????????](n.)right to receive dividends on the shares owned in a company普通股所有人利益 [例]
Assets plus liabilities equals owner?s equity.equity capital amount of a company?s capital owned by the shareholders股本 [例]
The two main shareholders owned almost all the company?s equity capital.equities ordinary shares普通股 [例]
How many equities have you got?
ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)企業資源計劃
estimated demand(n.)rough or approximate calculations of demand估測需求量 [例]
What about the estimated demand of portable computers in this city?
ETA(estimated time of arrival)估計到達時間 ETA of our goods is 12th May.evaluate [ ?????????? ](v.)calculate the value of something評估
[例]
The training and development manager plans, organizes and evaluates training programmes.evaluation [???????????????](n.)calculation of value評估
exchange rate =rate of exchange
relation in value between kinds of money used in different countries匯率 [例]
What is the exchange rate between US dollar and RMB?
exhibit [ ???????? ]1.(n.)goods or services displayed at a fair or trade show展覽 [例]
The exhibit of mobile phones has drawn special interest of young people.2.(v.)display products or services at a show展覽
exhibition [?????????????]（n.)show of goods展覽會
expand [????????? ](v.)get bigger擴張，發展
[例]
The market is expanding.[同義詞] stretch, spread, enlarge
expansion [??????????? ](n.)increase in size擴展 [例]
The firm is planning for rapid expansion of its market.[同義詞] enlargement, amplification
expect [??????????](v.)wait for sb.for a talk , discussion etc.找某人 [例]
Jack, Mr.Casson is expecting you in his office![同義詞] await
expenditure [??????????????????? ](n.)amount of money spend花費 [例]
Capital expenditure is the money we have spent on fixed assets.[同義詞] spending, expense
expenses(n.pl)money paid for covering extra costs費用 [例]
The fee did not include travel expenses.experienced [?????????????](adj.)skilled or knowledgeable as the result of active participation or practice 有豐富經驗的
[例]
She was an experienced chef.[同義詞] practiced, versed, familiar
expertise [???????????? ](n.)particular knowledge or skill專門技術
[例]
One of the advantages of using an employment agency is that it offers expertise in an area where the employer is not regularly in the market.expire [ ?????????????? ](v.)to come to an end;terminate到期
[例]
My passport expires in a month.[同義詞] terminate
exposure [?????????? ]1.(n.)publicity given to a product or company 公開,曝光
2.(n.)total audience number reached by an advertisement知道某廣告的總人數 [例] Have you counted the exposure reached by that attractive advertisement?
Euro [????????](n)(from 1999)the currency of the European Economic and Monetary Union 歐元
第三篇：新東方聽力筆記
新東方TOEFL2001.10月班筆記--（第一部分：聽力）
作者：joanphan網友提供
TOEFL復習筆記（第一部分：聽力）
TOEFL聽力主考思路
TOEFL聽力的主題：校園生活
TOEFL聽力不考的話題：politics religion campus violence(校園暴力)campus police(校園警察)human rights 等等unhappy的話題，TOEFL聽力永遠
考美國光明的一面。
如何提高聽力水平？ 1． 語音問題 a)美語的發音
英 [α：] → 美 [?] glass [α：] →[?]
英 [o] → 美 [Λ] hot [o] → [Λ](美語的這個音界于[o]和[α：]之 間)美語r音的存在，只有在有字母r的時候才有 個別單詞的發音：
diverse E [dai’v :s]→ A [d ‘v :s],且有r的音 hostile E['hostail]→ A['hΛs] b）連讀，不爆破發音（失爆）連讀：元輔音在一起，連讀。run out of fit it in 失爆：爆破音：[b] [p] [t] [d] [g] 兩個爆破音在一起，前一個爆破音就要失爆。Blackboard → blac(k)board I wen(t)downtown yesterday.c）跟讀磁帶（跟讀一盤TOEFL聽力磁帶）d）語音語調 2． 詞匯問題： a）表達口語化：
1）I’ve got to lose weight.2）Have you got the time?/↑ Got the time?(幾點了？)3）Got time?(有空嗎？言下之意：我想請你吃飯)4）Care to come?(=Would you like to come?)=Wanna come?(wanna=want to gonna=be going to)5）I got the feeling.(=I think.)6）I’m under the imparession.(=I remember.)7）The book is fat.（這本書很厚）8）a must-(h)ave（必備的）a must-see
（必看的）a must-eat
（必吃的）a must-play（必玩的）
9）I missed the beauty of??(我曾錯過的??最美好的)b）詞意TOEFL化：
student government 學生會
student council / student association 學生會 make up 補課/補考
c）詞義多樣化 反應順序 考試頻率 fix 修理，做飯(fix dinner)
serve 上菜，服務（網球）發球
order 訂購，點菜，順序（in order / out of order）paper 論文，報紙，身份證件，文件（papers），紙 3． 聽力的思維：
a)對話場景化：聽信號詞/關鍵詞→定位場景→話題 b)場景規律化
hit the spot=out of this world 棒極了（形容?好吃）it was hardly worth the money(形容食物太貴太難吃)I was broke.沒錢了
save for the rainy days 存錢以備不時之需 open semame（哩語）?的開門磚，?的訣竅 c)思維學生化
TOEFL聽力選項原則（適用于PART A）
1． 迅速看選項，找出其中相同、相似、相關的東西，確定場景，預測內容。2． 排除不符合TOEFL思路的選項，排除不合邏輯、常識的選項，排除讀起來拗 口的選項。
3． 注意選項中的主謂及標志詞。Δ主語（題）做題法： 4個選項主語不一致的時候，只要找對與對話中的主語一致的，即為正確答案。Δ標志詞：如shuold表示“建議”，agree表示“同意”等等。4． 注意意思相反的兩個選項，正確選項必居其一。5． 注意相似的兩個選項 6． 注意有同義詞的選項。7． 注意有反義詞的選項。
8． 注意有同形異義詞的選項。如：A.go to the park B.park the car park在對話中的含義不一樣。
9． 注意數字及數字所修飾的名詞n.10．在小對話題中聽見什么不選什么。
TOEFL段落題題目特征： 對話2個，passage3個，一般一段4個問題。開頭一條，結尾一條，終結兩條。
開頭：TOPIC句題：開頭句型，開頭語氣和原詞，重復率高的詞：原詞的數/概念 的重復。
場景：who what where why 中段：細節題 結尾題
TOEFL段落題解題思路：
1． 確定段落的主題（找相同相似相關的東西）2． 反推段落的問題
如果兩個選項相似，正確答案必居其一
段落第一條是n./名詞性短語，則是TOPIC題
段落中間是n/名詞性短語，只要文中提到，就是正確答案。即：聽到什么選什 么。
TOEFL對話段落題的題型：
1． 所聽即所選（93、5、36）
2． 重復原則，重復多的就是答案（93、5、37）3． 強調原則，強調多的就是答案（93、5、38）4． 建議原則，有建議的就是考點。5．對話題結構特點：
開頭：打招呼后，信息作為開頭。結尾：最后一句。
TOEFL錯題原因：
慢熱（聽時不看）Part A 走神（延長時間）連錯（學會放棄）讀題（先緊后松）
老題重要題型： 中間帶but轉折題：
1． 語氣轉折： 90.1.33/96.12.A14 2． 表單詞多種含義 89.8.24/96.10.A2 對一般疑問句的回答: 1． 聽清第二句開頭的短結構 89、8、32 2． 間接回答一定表示反對 96、10、A12 3． 聽不懂沒關系（第二句長而繞），選一個否定答案就可以 96、8、30 4． 第一句語調特征：最后為升調 5． 第二句習語。
6． 把第一個的一般疑問句否定，就是答案。
虛擬語氣題：(非直接條件句)? 答案反著給 eg:93.5.15 a）4種基本構成 1）if only 2）I wish 3）If clause a)與現在相反：從句用過去式，主句用would do b)與過去相反：從句用過去完成式（had p.p）主句用would have done b)注意虛擬語氣的時態（虛擬語氣的時態要往前推一個時態）
If I had a computer, I would have the paper in time.→ I need a computer.√
I didn’t have a computer.X(時態錯)c)注意上下文的場景，注意虛擬愈氣與真實條件句的區別： If he is the boss,things will be different.(真實條件句)→He is a boss.√
He isn’t a boss.√ d)正確答案的標志：
1)虛擬語氣結構內部進行替換
quse: if only → ans: I wish 2)用否定直接表示實際情況（93、5、15）
3)表達一種無法實現的愿望，所以總是表達愿望不能實現的事情。regret pity bad? a）標志結構：if only
I might have done sth if? 90.1.A12/93.5.15 G）答案中陳述客觀事實做答 98.8.國內13/98.10.19
建議題型：
第二句的建議為考點 97、1、18/97、5、8 一般參考第二句的建議
1）Why don’t you ?? 建議 Why didn’t you?? 責備
2）You’d better trust him.你該相信他 You should no better than to 你本該做? 3)hy not do??
4)what if ?? 要是這么做會?? 5)How does?sound
6)Shouldn’t ?do sth? 7)What would you see to?? 你對?怎么看? 8)Have you check with sb? 有沒有問過?? Have you checked sp? 你有沒有去查過?地方? 9)What about ? / How about?? 10)Wouldn’t it be better if you do?? 你這樣做不是更好嗎? 11)It doesn’t hurt it you do?? 但做無妨 12）why+v.Why walk?(You should run!)Why run?(You should walk!)Why+v.表否定，“何必呢?”“干嘛呢?”
13)what do you think of?/ how do you like?征詢意見
時間副詞題：
1． 第二句出現的時間副詞是考點（具體/抽象的時間）90、10、26/98、5、27 2． 時間副詞的歸納及替換： 1）by and by do sth on short notice in next to no time in no time at all in two or three minutes in a/any moment minute
= quickly/fast second before long right now/away/off 2）before hand in advance = 提前 ahead of time 3）every now and then every so often every once in a while = 偶爾，有時 occasionally, sometimes at certain time on certain prrastion from time to time on and off at times
4）one step at a time
gradually A by A 結構：step / bot / little / word / piece / inch / line 5）weekly, each, yearly = every monthly 6）barely rarely hardly scarcely little 讓某人做某事題：
1． 核心結構：have sb do sth / gey sb to do sth 2． 聽清人名最重要 97.5.14/97.8.5 Oh,so題： 89．10．35/97、5、30 贊同題型：
標志結構：isn’t he ever? 表示贊同 isn’t he although?
98．8．國內.8/89.1.30 偏詞匯題型(生詞)1.聽到什么不選什么,答案中一般不帶第二句的原詞為對.96.1.NA.18 2.生詞的意思,根據第二句問句猜意義 96.10.26 典型語氣題: 1.重讀,多表示抱怨、責備、不滿意的語氣
2.考語氣詞，一般出現在第二句開頭 96、8、4/5 3.考語調：升調表示懷疑或不同意見，96、1、國內、23
降調表示肯定或加強語氣，96、8、8/16 重復反問題型
第二句用反問語氣說第一個人的話，再說出自己的話，考點為第二個人的第二句 話，一般為進一步強調或提出意見。如果聽見的重復反問詞為adj.，則表示加強
語氣，進一步強調。如果不是adj.，則表示提出疑問。90．5．23/26 Would you mind題型 89.8.32 回答有兩種： a）直接回答： not at all not at little not in the least not in the slightest b)間接回答（肯定表示反對）
Can you see I’m in the middle of sth / doing sth?(你沒見我正在用?)
It’s on loan to sb.(?借給別人了)否定轉移題型：
I didn’t take Tom to swim in the pool yesterday.重讀Tom, 表示沒帶Tom 去游泳。
重讀 yesterday, 表示帶Tom 去游泳，但不是昨天。重讀 pool，表示帶Tom去游泳，但不是在游泳池。
重讀 swim，表示帶Tom昨天去了游泳池，但不是去游泳。這類題，否定與重讀一致。Mystory題型（90、8、32）
How she managed to do it?后半句變化如下： Is a mystory to me.Is over my head.Is beyond me/my understand, Is sth I’ll never understand/figure out.Make no sense to me.提醒模式
I don’t imagine?
You haven’t done sth, have you? I was wondering if?? I don’t think?
老題十大名段： 91．5．C1：打工段 打工職責，打工感受 規律：1）找工作步驟：
check the paper(job opening)
telephone inquiry(position available time for appointment)intereview(hour salary experience)job offer(accept turn down)2）習語：
earn the bread 掙錢
bring home the bacom 掙錢
bread and butter 指生活所需品
91．1．C1：新生培訓段落（oriontation）
學生思維：三大抱怨：學費上漲；食堂、宿舍太差；考試、作業、課程太多太 難
對學校相關機構評價：喜歡/不喜歡 90．5．C1：課外活動段 聽的習慣：邊聽邊看選項 與熱門話題的結合：環保
93．5．C1/94、10、1 找房場景（housing）規律：住宿舍：太小，地臟，太吵，太嚴 tiny room空間
住公寓：太貴，東西老壞，室友難處 We can’t afford a lot.東西老壞：fix repair teilet telephone 室友：neat considerate 抱怨
修理：window is stack 窗戶打不開 the sink will be clogged 水池堵了 pipe will be clogged 管道不通 wiring 電線出問題
shutter→loose 百葉窗松了 修不如買的說法：
trade it in for sth stock up on sth invest in cash in on sth pay by instalment 分期付款
down payment（分期付款的）頭期 advance payment 預付某人 deposit 押金 特殊背景
92．5．C3/93、1、C3 實習段落
女生去實習，結合熱門話題：保護瀕危動物
題型：實習專業，女生感受，實習職責，男生疑問 職業場景要注意職業套話：開頭，結尾 91．1．C2 論文段：
題型：題目難定，資料難找，打字困難 91．8．C2 缺課類 0 題型：缺課原因，所缺內容，愚蠢問題（男生）89．10．C1 評價教授與課程 評價好與壞的常用詞匯：習慣用語：
1． By all means boring.(by all means = certainly)By no means interesting.(by no means ? in no way)2． Leave much to be desired(=not good)3． Leave nothing to improved(=terrific)4． It’s anything but interesting.(it’s angything but = not at all)It’s nothing but interesting.(it’s nothing but = very)5． It’s nothing short of brilliance.(nothing short of = full of)6． It’s not in the least brilliance.(not in the least = not at all)表示好的：
fascinating fabulous stimulating catching impressive thought-provoking inspiring 表示不好的：
Keep watching the clock.I keep counting the time/minutes.doze off I couldn’t catch./follow/figure out/make any sense out of it/make heads or tails of it.I can hardly stay awake/alert.I can hardly keep awake/alert.I can hardly concerntrate.89.1.C1 選課段
選課規律：先選入門課；再上高級課；不管怎么選，教授先同意。
特色詞匯：入門課：intro course basic course prorequisite course 高級?：upper-lever course advanced course 報名上的?課：sign up for register? 上?課：take 旁聽：audit 退課：drop/refund?
教授同意：approval permission signature 選修課：optional course 必修課：required course 免選修課：waive one’s requirement 有學分課：credit course 無學分課：non-credit course 轉學分：transfer 90.1.C1/89.1.C2 復合型段子（談專業的講課段）聽專業內容，原文做答
開頭，結尾，強調，解釋，所有套話。92．1．C2 體育類段子
運動的目的：鍛煉而不是比賽
for exersice for enjoy for relax 注意事項、細節
90．5．C3/90、8、C3：發明史段子： 順序對應（問題與文章順序對應）人名與時間
新技術（產品、趨勢、發展、發明、事物）advantages disadvantages usages 發展史十大信號詞: history development origih features characteristics invention creation innoration evolution 以上答案中有the +~+of，以上十詞中的一個，就是正確答案，一般這種詞出現
在該段大TOPIC題中。環境類段子：
1． 環境污染的巨大危害：damage worsen degrade 2． 造成污染的原因：農藥、殺蟲劑使用的殘余（residue）及顆粒（particle）對人類的危害 3． 解決辦法
TOEFL中十大抱怨語（某個單詞的重讀）抱怨選課多
‘enough of it 抱怨考試難
It was ‘supporsed to be easy.抱怨物價高
‘Some bargain.抱怨老下雨（在picnic場景中）It ‘never fails.郵局場景，抱怨郵政服務不滿意 It took ‘forever to arrive.抱怨某事值不值得做
It was hardly worth sth.男生沒錢場景
I never seem to have enough money.噪音場景
There is not a whole lot you can do.市內噪音場景
The noise drive sb crazy/mad/nuts/out of one’s mind/up to wall.新題十大場景系列 課堂學習篇
1． Note場景（筆記場景）
規律：記筆記，考筆記，借筆記，字難認
搞不懂：understand make sense figure out 考筆記：be losed on 字難認：make out recognize習語：take nokes write down take down put down jot down（非常潦草 的寫下）?base on the notes illegible Could you borrow me your notes ? Could I lend your notes? Could I use your notes? Could you let me use your notes?
2． 作業場景：
規律：想遲交，不可能
習語：想遲交：turn in hand in 不讓遲交：extension extra time more time I want three-day extension of my paper.作業project概念：paper（論文）：essay（最短的），thesis（碩士論文），dissertation（博士論文）
team paper 學期論文 team project 學期作業 book report 讀書報告
lab report 實驗報告 presentation 發言 assignment 作業
3． 論文場景：
規律：題目難定（太大）：broad too broad a topic to write 資料難找（太多）：too much material to cover 多找教授（時間）：avilable 打字困難（機房）(結合computer room場景)：機少人多想買電腦
電腦詞匯：word processor文字處理器（電腦）save it on disk存在硬盤上
save a backup存備份 break down電腦壞了 wiped out（由于停電文件）被沖 掉 laptop筆記本電腦 desktop臺式電腦 ink jet噴墨式打印機 有點眉目很高興，教授還得先同意。
習語：have trouble doing have problem doing have pert-time doing have difficulty doing
縮小題目：narrow down the topic 教授同意：approval permission signature
4．考試場景：
規律：永遠難 worse supposed to be easy , but turned out to be difficult.（原本應該容易，但是很難 不推遲 delay postpone put it out 分數低 perfect grate 滿分（5分制的）passing grate 及格 failing 不及格
不好受（心情）down feel down
5．熬夜場景：
規律：常熬夜（男）be uo 不熬夜（女）wise 喝咖啡（男）不想戒（男）思路：不贊成熬夜習語：night and day work against/around the clock stay/be/sit up on night doing sth make a night of it（熬夜學習）
6．評價教授場景：
小對話評價：一般不好。段落題評價：一般較好。
規律：不遲到，不早退，常拖課。要求嚴，出題難，給分低。
特色表達：見老題十大名段的“評價教授“。
Think much/little of sb look up to sb崇拜某人 look down upon sb看不
起某人
He is somrthing/big potato.他真了不起 He is nothing/small potato.他 可不怎么樣。
89.8.16 89.10.C1 96.12.1 關于講課：考點：主題，觀點，強調，解釋（89.1.C2.41-45）
7． 課桌場景：
規律：亂，找不著，是否清理 clear off 1）． 與家具有關，學生常會move 2）． 課桌上一定亂，找不到東西要整理
8． 書店場景：
規律：有買/沒有買 avilable 有貨/沒有貨 in stock out of stock run out of缺貨
印/不印 in print out of print 過時與否 date it current平裝/精裝 paper back hard back
9． 圖書館場景：
規律：還書是否及時 return 注意時間狀語 是否罰款 fine
10．選課場景（注意詞匯）
1）先學入門課，后上高級課，不管怎么選，教授得同意。（89、1、C先1）2）三大顧慮：太多too much 太難too hard 有無基礎basic course 3）課程太難，辛勤不好
5）少選明智，多選犯傻，時刻準備退課 drop
11．讀書場景
規律：A：你覺得這本書?？/能不能讀？/這么快讀完？
12．選校場景：
規律：學校名氣，學校性質
特色表達：reputation(public/private/community)tuition(afford)individual attention(class size)location large city Vs small town might person party animal big fish in a small pond雞頭 small fish in a big pond鳳尾 13．電話場景
It’s through.接通了
Put me through to sb幫我接通某人 Listen for my phone.替我聽電話
Got back to you on sth.過會兒打給你 Return the call./Call back.Dail telephone bill電話帳單 collcet call受話方付費 he’s on/off the phone他在打電話呢
The line is busy/engaged.占線
別掛電話：Don’t hang up.Hold on.Hold the line.Hang on.課外生活篇 ：
1． Housing場景： 90、8、A1 規律：住房難，不愿搬，抱怨多，怕長錢（rent），簡裝修，少花錢（offord），家具往哪兒擺，要開windows 詞匯：sublet轉租 housing-sitting看房 roomate-wanted征室友
apartment-hunting校外租房 throw wild parties瘋狂舉辦晚會 make a fuss vaccum the room polish擦 walk the(cat?)帶（貓?）散步，指帶寵物
rent(afford)quietness location(on/off campus)on campus housing校內宿舍 off campus housing 校外宿舍
condition：shower/toilet
2． 失物招領場景： 96、5、8/97、8、12 turn in hand in 規律：上哪找，找到否
3． 幫忙場景： 98、10、6/96、12、3 不幫的原因
4． 外傷場景： 96、10、3/96、12、26 規律：易受傷，傷哪兒，能動嗎 原因總是搬東西或者鍛煉
傷勢：tuist strain hurt扭傷 傷部：shoulder wrist ankle
5． 看病場景 96、1、國內、21 病人：學生
癥狀：永遠是小病，不會是大病。（95、10、B2、詞匯）A sort throat lose one’s voice ringear runny noise 治療：take some pills take some injection/shots drink lots of water have a rest take it easy take things easy 禁忌：catch（傳染）
藥管不管用（句型：96、1、北美、21）
習語：be admitted to hospital 住院 be released from hospital 出院
come down with 病倒了 catch? 得了。傳染病 stay away from 離（病 人）遠點 wait out 伺候 fill/refill 抓藥 dosage 劑量 shots 打針 在美國大部分家庭有家庭醫生，家庭醫生有自己的診所，診所中有醫生本人，和 一個護士，兼做小秘。
身體好的表達：fit as a fiddle feel like a million(dollars)in the pink in good shape 身體不好的表達：under the weather out of sorts out of shape come down with sb down with a bug not look(like)oneself
6． 噪音場景 96.12.12/97.8.北美.6 規律：室內：調小音量(turn down)宿舍隔音(sound proof)意識到噪音沒有(didn’t realize)室外：無能為力 96、5、18 噪音來源：交通，室友/鄰居（93.10.23）影響：睡覺睡不著，學習受干擾 I can’t heat myself think.解決：rraffic：學生只能忍受，或者向學校反映，或者換地方學習
soundproof 室友/鄰居：ake him to turn down the music dorm supervise / apartment manager 宿舍管理員
7． 修理場景 fix repair 思路：什么壞了，找誰修（修理工及故障的表達，96、1、北美、11），修理費 貴，修不如買（96、12、28）
結合housing場景的：廁所，電話，洗澡。window is stack 窗戶打不開
the sink will be clogged水池堵了 pipe will be clogged管道堵了 wiring電線出問題
shutters→loose 百葉窗松了
8． 打工場景
四個步驟及關鍵詞 96、5、6 打工職責、感受（段落）96、1、國內、C2/98、5、B2 面視者招聘員工：工作經驗，學歷
被面視者（學生）：時間、工資、經驗三要素 96、5、12 hour salary experience
9． High-way場景
常塞車（怎么辦）96、5、20 be tired up traaffic gam be backed up 拐錯彎 96、8、24 should have turned 從哪出 get out of it 考違章 98.5.23 ticket 罰單 10．借錢還錢場景 98.10.22 不愿借，不想還，為什么
注意聽語氣，注意聽第二句時間副詞（soon later some other time）
吃喝玩樂篇
1． 音樂會場景
規律：永遠好聽 97、1、8/97、10、10 喜歡古典音樂，不喜歡搖滾音樂 提前買票，學生折扣 作為好壞，是否調換 去不是因為學習或考試（語氣特征：不情愿）劇院座位：談座位是否好壞，要不要換。
表達：box office 售票處 ticket line 排隊買票 sold out票買完了
discount打折 orchestra section row aisle seat過道兩邊的位置
2． 美術館場景： 喜歡mofern art Δ常見藝術品/藝術流派名稱： 1）fresco壁畫 landscape山水畫 prints版畫 sketch素描 water color水
彩畫 draft草稿 oils油畫 portrait任務肖像畫
2）classism古典主義 neoclassism新古典主義 modernism現實主義
posmodernism后現代主義 realism現實主義 surrealism超現實主義 3）對大師級的人名要敏感
3． 買東西場景
規律：買什么，買了沒買（虛擬語氣）96.1.北美.26/96.12.22，愛便宜貨（sale bargern）97.1.11 便宜：dirt/dog cheap爛便宜
good price / good deal / good bargern / good buy 價錢公道：reasonable fair affordable acceptable 價錢貴：cost cost a fortune cost a bundle cost an arm and leg sth is dear太貴了 afford we can’t afford it over priced beyond one’s
budget unbearable outrageous a rip-off a robbery 物價上漲：
1）物價年年漲，學生要抱怨，抱怨沒有用。
2）便宜貨：一定要買：sale bargain discount（折扣）percent off（打 折）go out og business（商場停業、歇業）
4． 和咖啡場景
規律：愛喝咖啡，喝咖啡為學習考試（不想戒），戒咖啡（因為咖啡因）a）coffee種類：instant coffee（速溶咖啡）
gourmet coffee（由咖啡豆磨制的咖啡）b）味道：aroma（聞上去很香）flavor（嘗上去很香）c）做咖啡的器具：
coffee pot , coffee maker coffee spoon 咖啡勺
coffee set/service 做咖啡的全套器具 d）TOEFL的常考習語： 1.a cup of coffee 2.snack bar(快餐店)中一般用
---one coffee / two coffees 我要一杯咖啡/我要兩杯咖啡 3.coffee break（美國人）休息時間 tea break（英國人）休息時間
e）基本思路：喜歡喝，怎么喝，不能喝。
ΔWould you like black coffee?(原味咖啡，在美國老美喝原味咖啡的人很 少，所以被認為很COOL)White coffee: 加牛奶的咖啡 Δcaffein 咖啡堿
----Would yuu like a cup of coffee?----?caffein.表示不能喝咖啡
or : ?My doctor? 也表示不能喝咖啡。
5． 減肥場景：
減肥必要性，減肥的效果（要堅持，多鍛煉）96.10.19/97.1.5 特色表達：in perfect shave身體棒 in good condiction身體好 look great/terrific the picture of heazlthy fall of beans/engage有活力
as fit as a fiddle 胖的說法：big heavy overweight gained/put on some weight lose one’s weight keep fit keep/stay a shape fat farm減肥中心 gym健身 房
6．吃飯場景
規律：上哪吃（由誰定）it’s up to sb；愛嘗鮮try sth new；喜安靜prefer quiet place 上錯菜98.5.2 誰請客treat 關于請客：it’s on me 記我賬上 this is my treat 我請客
let me pick up the bill = let me foot the bill 我買單 pay for it
go fifty-fifty AA制 = go dutch spilt/share the cost 分攤費用
貪吃胃口好：96.1.國內.10 adventurous eater 吃飯付帳：It’s on me../ It is my treat./ Let me treat it./ Let me foot the bill.我請客
Let’s go dutch./ Lst’s splie the bill./ Shape the expense.AA制 Waiter說的話：bring the menu take the order記下點菜
I’ll be right back.我馬上來 Make recommendations 推薦? Serve the order上菜
I’ll take care of it./ I’ll see to it.上錯菜時說的話
7．理發場景
規律：價錢貴，上哪理 hair salon 人太多，要預約 appointment 98.5.8 換發型，認不出 hair style 98.10.10 特色表達：teim one’s bangs修額發/流海
I want my side（鬢角）a little longer.A little longer over ears 耳朵上的長點 A little shorter back 背后的短點 Parting in the middle 中分 ? to ? left/right 左/右分
all-back 大背頭 stylist發型師 hairedresser/hairsalon理發師/發廊
ripple小波浪式 pig tail粗麻花式 pony tail馬尾辮 bun發吉 hair style 發型
8．養花養草場景：
花草長勢如何。陽光和水份 sunlight shade water 98.8.國內.25 往哪擺：窗前、角落 97.10.13 move over the window
9．著裝場景
特色詞匯:98.1.北美.A2 衣服配不配場景：be perfect with go well with match a)場合：occasion場合 style 場合是否合適 formal-suit casual-jeans
b)color:TOEFL聽力中有blue情結： 98.10.2 big blue深藍 light blue淺藍 solid blue純藍 navy blue海軍藍(口語中 navy)tatain the color保持顏色 the color fade/faint=lose the color掉 色
c)size:shrink縮水 too loose/baggy衣服太松 be tight on+身體部分、衣服
太緊 96.5.10 d)material中羊毛情 wool 98.8.19 It’s a good match.這衣服很配你 Down jacket 羽絨服 Wool sweater 羊毛衫
e)laundry洗衣 98.8.國內.16 I do the laindry.Stain污漬 come out with sth用?洗掉 remove洗掉 f)try on put on take off put away get out（把衣服拿出去）
10． 照片場景：96.1.NA.27/98.5.1/ test 28.C2 照片效果、用光、膠卷
專業詞匯：was supposed to（本該做）wasn’t supposed to（本不該）come out = develop 沖洗膠卷 a roll of film out of focus調焦不準
film for in door/outdoor shots適用于室內卷
11．渡假場景： a）寵物場景：誰看寵物 have sb do sth 相處如何 get along with b）旅行社場景：訂機[票，訂房間，換不換
c）海灘場景：愛去，干什么（表達），去得了（高興），去不了（原因：因為 沒錢）95.8.1/95.12.16 California / Florida有最好的海灘 a）喜歡去
b）干什么： swimming, get suntany/catch some rays, play sea-volleyball(沙灘排球), collecting shells(撿貝殼)d）party場景：愛人多，帶人來 bring sb along
e）機場場景：天氣變化，航班延誤
the flight was delat due to the bad weather 結合訂票：book the ticket cancel confirm switch f）天氣場景：天氣變化常考（96.1.國內.21）：
overcast多云 shawer陣雨 pouring暴雨 blizzard highwind the rain）has run up（雨）停了
clear up放晴 warm up暖起來了 heat up升溫 keep up繼續 cool down涼下 來
super hot blazing hot buring hot unbearable hot freezing cold ice cold biting cold chilly cold(super cole&ice cold也常形容人的性
格)
?on end/?in a row連續? eg:It’s rained four days on end.picnic及燒烤總在下雨天 96、8、24 天氣好心情好：It’s is good to sth for a change.97.10.21 天氣與著裝，伴隨天氣里是否要加、減、收、買衣服：get out拿出去 put away收起來 98.5.12 相信天氣預報 go by follow 98.8.NA.13 g）visting場景： come in/by/over stop in/by/over
= visit drop in/by/over
12．交通場景：
a）鐵路場景：競爭優勢：污染少，不磨損，較安全（屬于新技術、新產品、新發明）b）交通違章場景：
speeding: eed limit 限速 going through the red light illegal parting c）搭車場景：提出搭車要求，回答者都是搭不上車，不給搭。Could I get a ride/left with you to?? Could you give me a ride/left to ?? Could I ride with you to ??
13．郵局場景：
diliver 投遞包裹 priority mail優先投遞 forward寄信 registered mail 掛號信 express mail特快信
14．戀愛場景：
fall in love at first sight blind date初次約會 have chemistry來電了
go steady進展順利 like a house on fire一日不見如隔三秋 offer my hand求婚（男）offer a hand to you幫忙 give you my hand（答應）求婚(女)break of分手
15.網球場景: 體育用品：鞋running shoes jogging shoes sneakers gym shoes 美國的普及型體育運動：tennis golf roller-skating basket ball ice hockey football橄欖球
網球：fore hand正手 back hand反手 serve/return go out of bounds ace tennis court hard court clay court grass court tennis course
女尊男卑篇：
1． 男生宿舍臟場景（女生臟，因為愛學習）選項關鍵詞：mess dirty dump chaos 誰打掃 help sb do
2． 男生愛花錢
特色表達：spend money like water spend one’s entire bugdet go through a lot of money have money to burn money for raining days broke can’t make ends meet tight budger My name is not Rockfeller.抱怨語氣：97、10、1 結合借錢、還錢場景，不借不還
女生總是讓他存，但是從來不借。
3． 男生緊張場景
緊張的原因（考試、發言、宣布獎學金緊張）97、10、20 緊張的癥狀：twist/toss/turn/taround（輾轉反側）解決辦法：practice 特色表達：too excited/nervous/restless +to stand quietly/sit still/sit quietly/stand still/be on edge/get cold feet/not set still
4． 男生害羞場景： keep sth to money 選項詞：96、10、22
5． 男生的各種壞習慣：
oversleep late for class miss school fill sb in on sth drop/doze off at class not hand in the paper on time requist extension for paper（要求延期交作業）fail the examine make up the exam stay up all night
6． 女生不記仇場景： 96.1.NA.A15
7． 女生愛學習場景： mystery題型 見前筆記
愛學習的表示：哪都不去就愛學習97.1.15/98.10.1
8． 女生的各種優秀：參照男生各種缺點
9． 好女幫男場景：場景融合，組合規律。
新題十大名段： 理科類：
生物(瀕危物種)98.5.C3(細節題)98.8.國內.C2 96.1.NA.C1(主線題)環保 98.10.B2 enviroment protection 自然 97.10.C3 98.8.NA.C3 新技術 96.1.國內.C3（節水）野外實習99.1.C3 結合瀕危動物 文科類：
土著美國人 98.5.C1 Indian People 美國歷史 97.8.C1 99.1.C1 建筑學 發明史 96.12.C1 鐘表發明 發展史 96.10.C1 / 96.10.C2 課外活動 98.8.NA.C1
常見語氣詞總結：
吃驚系列：Bingo!有種意外的驚喜 Gee!Boy!天啊!Man!Gosh![gΛ ?] Jususe(Christ)!wow!Dear me!My dear!Oh.my!糟糕系列：Woops!Uh-uh!Oh,no!Oh,dear!Tough luck!臟話系列：Shit!Fuck!Dummy!笨蛋！Jerk!Idiot!Ass hole!God damn!b.s!=bull shit!Bitch!Son of bitch!贊美系列：fab=fabulous!glam=glamorous!fave=faverite!
magnif=manificent!Dandy!Cool!Uttercool!Supercool!Superb!Charming!形容女人有魅力
古怪系列：odd weird bi’zarre
贊同系列：yeah yep u bet Sure thing!I’ll say And you? 否定系列：Oh,nuts!Nope!(96.1.NA.A1)討厭系列：disgusting whew Oh,bother![Λ]
TOEFL常見縮略詞：
ad = advertisement doc = doctor醫生 dorm = dormitory intro course初
等課 lit course文學課 memo = memorandum備忘錄，便條 info = information demo = demostration演示 flu = influenza流感 co-op學生聯
合會 co-ed男女同校 pre-med醫科預課 pre-school預課班 pre-school學期
班 I am preparing the TOEFL No problem.= No prob.十大小詞：
I expect.我估計、推測? I’m bet.= I’m sure.I wonder.= I’m not sure.I suspect.= I believe./ I think.I doubt.= I don’t think so.I thought.I was hoping.原以為
I was suppose to（本應該）I wasn’t suppose to（本不應該）I have a hunch.（我有種預感）I’ve got the feeling.= I think.I’m under the impression.= I recall./I remember.I have been meeuing to = I’m thinking about
習慣表達：
1．心情好場景： a）規律：
A：?最近心情好哎 B：?為什么心情好？ b）原因： 作業完成了 考試及格了 買著便宜貨了
c）心情好的說法：
in high spirit high sprited in the seventh heaven walk on air on cloud nine 2．心情不好場景： a）規律：
A：?最近心情不好哎
B：?為什么不好/如何擺脫 b）原因： 作業太多 考試太難 課業繁重
c）心情不好的說法：
in a blue mood in low spirits out of spirits low spirited in a bad mood down hearted down in the mouth downbeat down in the dumps downcast downhearted
3． 生某人氣的說法：get on one’s nerve eg: Don’t get on my nerve.不要惹我生氣。be put out with sb for sth 就?生?的氣 rab sb the wrong way 惹惱?
take it out on sb 把氣出在?身上
4． 處的好的說話：
get along with sb = bit it off = on good turns = be agreeable with sb
Tom and Jerry like peasand and carrots.Tom和Jerry形影不離。
Tom and Jerry like apples and oranges.5． 小菜一碟的說法： nothing to it there is nothing to it none to speak of no big deal a piece of cake
6． 表達理所當然的說話： Is ice cold?常做為回答 Is sky blue? Does a bird fly? Does a fish swim? by all means = in any event
7． 一些短語
（一）at sixes and sevens 亂七八糟
cost sb an arm and a leg 巨貴無比，買東西大出血，非常貴 feel under weather 天氣不好 get up from the wrong side of bed 心情不好
don’t let the cat of bag 不要泄露秘密，不要告訴別人 don’t let me hold the bag 不要讓我背黑鍋 apple of my eye 我的掌上明珠，珍貴之物 apple-polisher 馬屁精
One boy is a boy, two boys half a boy, three boys no boy.一個和尚擔水 喝，兩個和尚抬水喝，三個和尚沒水喝
care for = like = be attached to = get high on sth care to = whould you like to? care about = conceined 關心，在意
take care of 處理，負責 I’ll take care of it.我會處理的。be enthusiastic about 熱衷于 be hooked on sth/sb 迷戀? be into sth表喜歡
be onto sth 想到?，有主意
rave about 沉醉于，迷戀于（程度很深）do sth to one’s heart’s content盡興?
be addicted to?對?上癮（并不完全是不好的，比如非常喜歡juzz）adore喜歡（喜歡小的人、東西）adorable = cute
8． 偶遇某人：
come across run into bump into encounter happen to meet
9． 不友好的表達：
be hostile to sb be critical of sb be cynical to sb confront sb with sth找某人爭執?
10．管用/不管用： it works(out)it helps it does the trick
肯定+否定 it does some good it makes difference 以上多以否定形式出現
11．一些短語
（二）as cool as a cucumber as fit as fiddle 身體健康 as healthy as a horse as strong as an ox as stupid as a donkey as stubborn as a mule 形容某人太倔了 as poor as a churche mouse as merry as a cricket 形容某人太快樂了 as proud as a pencock形容某人太驕傲 as changeable as a moon形容多變 as like as two peas 形容長的像 as easy as ABC as simple as one two three
12．健忘： slip one’s mind slip one’s memory have a short memory everything gets in one ear and out the other absent-minded
13．代替某人： take over for sb fill in for sb take the place of take one’s place fill one’s place fill one’s vacancy fill one’s shoes
14．累的說法：
be worn/fired/wipe out be out of shape be beat be run down be exhausted dog tired
15．v.+out: figure out = understand straight out = settle work out = settle，鍛 煉 clean out 貪吃，把?吃光 help out 幫忙，幫成了忙 find out make out = tell watch out = look out eat out 外出吃飯= dine out
16．表示忙：
I have got my hands full.I’m up to my neck in work.I’m up to my eyes in work.I’m up to my elbm’s work.I’m up to my ears in work.I’m in the middle of the things.I’ve million things to do.I’ve a tight schedule.light schedule日程松，不忙。My schedule is tight.overwhelming I can’t fitr it into my schedule.= I can’t fit it in.be tight up in sth 被?絆住，纏住 eg: I’m tight up in meeting.Haven’t got around in doing sth
新題重點套題與段落：
套題：95.10 95.12 96.1.NA 96.1.國內 96.10 96.12 97.1 97.8 97.12 98.5 98.8.NA 98.10 99.8 99.10 2001 段落：95.8.C2.C3 95.10.B2.C3 97.12.C1.C2 95.12.C1.C2.C3 96.12.C1.C2 97.5.B2.C2 96.1.NA.B1.C1 97.1.B2.C2 97.8.C1.C3 96.1.國
內.B1.B2.C2.C3 97.10.C2.C3 96.5.B2.C2 98.1.B2.C2 98.5.B2.C1.C3 96.8.C2 96.1.B2.C1.C2 98.8.C2.C3 98.8NA.B1.B2.C1.C3 98.10.B2.C1.C2 99.1.B2.C1.C3 99.5.B1.C2.C3
第四篇：最新新東方聽力筆記（精選）
最新新東方聽力筆記 概述：
一． 雅思聽力基本情況 可做任何標記。
分數段：12-18：4分 19-24：5分 25-30：6分 31-35：7分
36-38：8分 39-40：9分 根據難易要乘系數 二．兩個誤區
聽懂核心詞匯，掌握拼寫。
極少考理解，多考記錄信息點，所聽即所得。三． 兩個基本范圍
1． survival english（社會生活，人際交往等）2． academic english（學術類，教育類，熱點話題）四． 問題
1． 利用停頓時間搶讀后面題目 2． 直接書寫答案
3． 區分考試安排者聲音，根據指導做題 4． 手眼耳并用，聽看寫一體 五． 雅思聽力四大特點
1.國際口音：（英、美、澳）（英音50%，澳20%，美20%，其他10%）不利：習慣美音，不習慣英音，必須熟悉英音；
有利：新口音（大西洋口音，適于中國人）；動詞短語不是考試重點（掌握一般程度：第一個意思即可），去掉了很多地域性的方言。
2.四段敘述：
1、3section是對話，2、4section是陳述，一般來說難度遞增。
不利：a.不知道聽力磁帶和題目間如何建立關系——采用順序原則(85%)：答案順序和問題順序一致。b.無法集中注意力（聽力中不包含問題，無法對大腦產生刺激）——改變聽力學習習慣，練習時應聚精會神，忌跑神和恐慌。
有利：不是每句話都要聽懂，應試圖聽懂每一句包含答案的句子（先看題，再猜答案，然后做題）3.邊聽邊做：
不利：a.閱讀量大——要求快速閱讀（技巧+能力）——速讀 b.寫量大——要求手眼耳并用（加強聽寫能力，掌握四級單詞聽寫）有利：a.不考推理、總結、歸納題，主要考查細節，所聽即所得。4.題型多樣：10種題型 不利：不熟悉題型 有利：難度較低
六、聽力應試策略
短期目標：1.緊扣9套題，十種題型，十種場景。
2.記補充的單詞和地名。四級詞匯(大學英語四級速聽速記)。
3.精聽六盤磁帶。中期目標：1.短期任務。
2.再做一點題。聽力強化最新指南，雅思聽力課外強化教程，英語中級聽力（關于hotel/restaurant，news不聽）。
3.背單詞。
長期目標：1.加強發音以及聽音的訓練。
2.再做一些題目。
3.精聽英語中級聽力。
七、聽力學習方法
錯誤：一心多用，太過放松；邊聽錄音邊看原文；聽太難的材料；
正確：1.專心致志
2.復讀 3.聽寫
八、正確的做題思路：分析題目，有的放聽；抓住細節。有效高效讀完題目
九、基本要求: 背聽力單詞（聽力、地名），做到四會：聽說讀寫。重要場景聽10遍以上，最好背過。基本題型
一、地圖題（方位題，路線題）
1.看地圖，先抓圖例、指向標、說明文字、起始點（實質：從某一點走向另外一點，標志詞entrance gate、exit、door、where he’s speaking）
2.掃描圖中其他信息：街名、過道名、街區名、建筑物名 3.讀題
4.聽力開始后，按照聽力磁帶的敘述，用筆在圖中隨之畫出路線(路線題)5.圖中方向以說話人前進方向為左右，不能用自己的主觀視角 地圖題: 1.看例子
2.地圖中常識原則（成比例）
二、一般表格題：
1.看表格的標題、圖例、說明文字
2.掃描表格橫縱軸（先橫軸，再縱軸），從中獲取有用信息，重點掃描出題格 3.只看出題空格（上看下看左看右看）4.觀察題號排列，確定論述順序
（表格中如題號排列不規則，則100%符合順序原則）
*一般表格+多項選擇：
1.掃描橫縱軸。橫軸抓核心詞，縱軸抓內在順序。
2.做題時小心經典陷阱——給超過需要答案的組數——抓住核心詞 3.注意給的信息套數和答案配套，并注意補充選項 問：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答
三、判斷正誤并改錯
1.掃描題目要求，看正確情況下的表達方式，劃對勾還是true/yes/t/y(看好題目要求)2.只看出題的題干并劃出核心詞
3.注意舊信息和新信息的差別，舊信息指畫圈的詞，聽其前后有無否定詞（hardly、few、bare、little）。新信息是改錯的答案。
4.改錯的答案在形式上應與題干完全一致。5.重要在讀題階段，看到有效信息
四、問答題（和填空題是兩大種難題）
1.掃描問句中的疑問代詞/副詞，確定“問什么”。（多是特殊疑問句wh——不能用yes/no回答）2.why——抓because,since,as,for?? 3.劃出問句中的核心詞（建議劃圈）。
4.注意問答題出現在1、3section 和2、4section的區別 1、3section（對話）——試卷問題與磁帶中說話人的發問的是否一致 2、4section（陳述）——試卷問題與說話人反問、設問的是否一致 5.還原句子結構，變疑問句為陳述句
6．出現否定詞要劃下來；出現says 答案一定出現在某人說的話中； 問：how + adj.，可用 very + adj.回答
五、選擇題 ㈠單項選擇題
1.快速掃描題干，不看選項，畫出題干中核心詞
2.磁帶開始后，再掃描題干（核心詞），并依次掃描選項，比較四個選項之間的相同與不同（縱向掃描）3.所聽即所得原則 4.一些常見做題原則：
a.順序原則：磁帶上出現好幾個選項，最后一個提到的是正確答案 b.最近答案原則：選項中沒有和原文完全重合的，找離原文最近的選項 c.陌生詞原則：答案中有極陌生的詞，一般不予考慮 d.同質相斥原則
e.何時核對答案：每個section結尾有30秒，根據印象對沒有做出的選項做出判斷（10-15s），剩下時間看下一個section。聽力結束后，有10m抄寫答案，用4m, 其它時間推敲答案。f.一般不要檢查，如檢查只檢查是否符合常識 g.不要選擇太絕對性的判斷
㈡多項選擇題：（選項在5個以上）（常和表格合在一起出）
1.基本解題思路和單選一致，先掃描問題劃出核心詞（遇到生詞：a.猜測發音b.劃出作為核心詞）2.多選題會明確告知正確答案數量
3.注意答案寫法（一個空寫一個，唯一性）4.小心經典陷阱
六、填空題
㈠ 單句填空題(所給僅僅是一個句子，要求填空)1．看題：a.劃核心詞（否定形式要劃，一定重讀）b.劃空前后處
2． 聽題：a.注意核心詞或其同義詞的出現 b.抓住空前后處的出現。㈡ summary（總結填空題）
出題頻率高、密度大（遠高于一般的35~40s/題），難度大（聽到和看到不完全一致，考同義詞的轉換）1.只讀出題句子，并劃出核心詞和空前后。2.抓出現空格句子的基本結構。
3.聽寫時抓核心詞的同義詞的出現；句子結構的替換；若未聽到同義詞和同意句則抓反復出現的核心詞 4.可以適當割肉。
5.寫答案時，可以使用簡寫形式gym,dorm,fridge,u.s.,u.k，或開頭字母，補全在每個section結尾做。6.填空關鍵：能不能抓住句子的基本句型結構；能不能把聽到的信息記下來。（聽寫練習）
㈢ outline(提綱填空題)信息量比較大,但出題量不大（考驗閱讀水平）
1.第一遍讀題時，當作閱讀題來讀。尋找醒目處：標題，副標題，黑體字，斜體字，下劃線?? 2.第二遍只看出題句子，并劃出句子中核心詞和空前后 3.聽題：注意核心詞或其同義詞的出現；抓住空前后處的出現。4.其他同summary 經典陷阱——如果看到填空題左右有一個用英文字母表示的數字，則空中一定填阿拉伯數字 小技巧：單詞拼寫不會可嘗試到題目中去找
七、圖畫題：
1.先看問題，后看圖（帶著問題看圖）熟悉描述人物外表特征的詞 2.看圖看出差別來
八、搭配題(解決兩組概念的聯系)1.迅速瀏覽題目要求，看是否可以進行一一搭配
2.迅速瀏覽題干和選項，確定可能的搭配關系（如果題目和選項數目一致，則是一一搭配；選項少于題干，少一個則有一個選項用兩次，但每個選項都會用到；選項大于題干，則每個選項最多用一次，還有沒用到的選項。）
3.迅速瀏覽題目和選項，并劃出核心詞。
4.當聽力磁帶開始時，確定聽力磁帶是以題干順序還是以選項順序展開。如果磁帶以選項順序展開，眼睛來回掃描題干；如果以題干順序展開，眼睛掃描選項。5.實在聽不懂，則當閱讀題做。找題干和選項之間的同義關系。
九、個人信息表格：考察寫人名、地名、數字、專有名詞的能力
1.熟悉常考的項目寫法：姓名、性別、電話號碼、日期。注意數字和字母的混 合編碼（郵政編碼、車牌號）2.掃描題干，畫核心詞。3.注意信息修正和非直接信息
4.分辨十幾和幾十：抓最后的音，確定不了猜幾十
十、圖例題
1.掃描題目要求，確定圖例性質，看圖中有無暗示說話人說話順序的圖例 2.迅速掃描圖形掃描圖中說明性信息，并特別關注圖形中的特殊符號 3.圖例題符合順序原則，所填內容具有相同性質 4.抓依次出現的專有名詞，或一些并列的動詞短語
十一、其他： 次序混亂 : 1.常出現在表格題和搭配題中（summary，問答題，選擇題一般不會出現）2.看次序混亂是否發生，主要看example的位置——一般在后邊做題信息前出現 3.如果次序混亂出現，順序原則失效。這時做題抓橫縱軸交叉點。
高級解題思路：試圖理解說話人的說話邏輯、內在邏輯
數字計算題：
1、最好的方法是寫出演算過程
2、如聽了一堆數字則最后一個為答案
3、男女同學爭執不下時，聽女同學的 推理歸納題：（少見，較難）
1、聽完磁帶后憑整體印象猜
2、割肉
3、回頭運用技巧做題 常考場景
1、租房場景（首先辨別是租房還是買房。租房的規律為：離市中心越近，房價越高，位置稍偏，價錢會比較有吸引力，但便宜的房子一般有不理想的地方；另外電話詢問看房子時：意為配備家具。）
2、課外研究場景.（主要是在課外研究一些小的項目，小的調查研究，包括對學校里各個地方，食品(咖啡、小吃)等價格的比較。對這些東西不可不屑一顧，這也是與文化背景有關，外國人注重從小培養人的實踐能力，看《成長的煩惱》中那個小男孩本，研究毛毛蟲那么用心就可理解了。這部分主要注意聽力，特別關注的是人名，并注意先判斷男女。）
3、圖書館場景考點為：使用須知、作品名稱、哪年出版、作者姓名、借出費用、幾時到期、欠款多少等。
4、地理場景(城市基本概況：name, population, climate, language, main industry, main attractions,advantage/disadvantage)一般是司機、導游
5、計算機房場景（計算機基本軟硬件術語，網絡術語）
6、選課場景course shopping（課程名稱、課程安排、對語言的選擇、選擇級別、選課的時間和日期以及申請人）
7、新生報到會orientation talk（一般向新生介紹學校的設施，選課情況，注意事項、學校的歷史，如何注冊，應該做什么，不應該做什么。）
8、度假場景（度假地的選擇、交通工具的選擇和住處的選擇，訂機票、房間（細節）
9、日程活動介紹場景（包括會議、節日、組織旅游等。要避免經典陷阱，即聽力原文出現的并不是所需要的答案。另外常考的是會議地點，一般是在國家的首都。）
10、個人健康場景如個人飲食計劃、營養專家做健康膳食設計等。
11、授課場景（教授開講座、學生做論文專題討論等。）把握頭尾
12、學生銀行服務
13、電話留言 you have reached + 電話號碼，please leave the message
optometrist 配鏡師 checkup 檢查
基本技巧訓練
一、數字 1．電話號碼
a.“0”表示方法，zero，nought, null, nil, nothing等，在ielts考試中“0”常念作“nought”；在電話號碼中 “0” 讀作字母”oh”,就像在單詞“go”中的發音。
b.讀電話號碼總的規則是：國家代號、地區代號和具體號碼分開來讀，比如中國北京的一個電話讀作86，10，87654321，對于一個特定地區的電話，一般來說只有7位或8位。7位的號碼，讀的時候前三位一組連在一起，后四位一組連在一起，中間有一個停頓，比如6254598讀作six two five，four five nine eight；8位的號碼，可以四個一組來讀。
c.兩個相同數字或三個相同的數字可以用double或triple來代替，比如2246555可以讀作double two four，six triple five。
d.末尾出現三個零，可以按“千”來發音，如9796000讀作nine seven nine six thousand e.數字加字母的組合，注意兩個o和w的區別 2．門牌號 以數量讀出
花園街197號——garden road one hundred and ninety seven 3.數量的分位計數
billion,million,thousand,看逗號并與之相應單位連接起來，用英文數法，先寫下逗號 4.分數
分子是基數，分母是序數 分子大于1時，分母加s 5.小數 小數點讀point 零點幾中的零可省略，直接讀point，0.25——point two five 6.百分比 percent，per cent，% 7.時間
a.具體日期（dmy或mdy）
建議：日子用阿拉伯數字，月份用縮寫：jan，feb, mar, apr, may, jun,jul,aug,sept，oct,nov,dec b.上下午
am/a.m./a.m., am---錯誤，下午類推 c.年代
90’s/’90s/90s’ d.世紀
21世紀：c21, 21th century 8.計量和貨幣單位 a.計量單位
長度：meter, kilometer, mile(英里)，foot(英尺)，inch（英寸）重量：gram(克)，kilo,pound 容積：liter/litre(升)，gallon（加侖）b.貨幣單位
美、澳、加：u.s.dollar, australian/aus dollar, canadian/can dollar 主幣：dollar，輔幣：cent 英：pound, peny(pl.penies,pency)日：japanese yuan 歐元：euro 9.字母(人名、地名的聽寫)c(see), f(ef), g, h(eitf), n(短en音)，r[ ar)], s(es), z h/a, t/g, s/f, o/l, z/b, r/i, m/n 注：a.第一個字母大寫（capital）,后面小寫（small）,以小寫開頭會有特殊交代，有時有兩個大寫，如：mcdonald n.麥克唐納（男子名）
b.’s表示所有格，有的人名中本身包含’s,如奧尼爾，飄女主人公的姓 c.(‘apostrophe n.省略符號, 呼語)rummy’s is r-u-m-m-y apostrophe s.ninth第九 twelfth第十二 twentieth第二十 ninetieth第九十(one)hundredth第一百 21/2:two and one half;two and a half 42/3our and two-thirds 0.46% : point four six per cent 年份：1840 eighteen forty 1900 nineteen hundred 1992 nineteen ninety-two 全面歸納總結
一、雅思聽力基本解題思路：讀、猜、聽、寫、查 1.讀猜環節：搶時間讀題，預測，猜測答案的性質和類型 2.聽寫環節：邊聽邊寫
3.檢查環節：（1）每個section結束30秒應該抽出10—15秒檢查上個section：補全簡寫形式；憑印象猜測答案。
（2）聽力考試結束后，4分鐘把答案謄寫完畢，邊寫邊檢查拼寫、大小寫、單復數、語法。剩余六分種全面檢查，推敲答案。二、十種題型 分題型做，分場景聽
三、做題原則
1．順序原則（聽到多個可能是答案中，一般正確的是最后一個）2． 割肉原則：做題要有節奏感，碰到一題不會做放棄。
割肉技巧：時間、地點、人名、數字、專有名詞不能放棄；抓住兩邊，舍棄中間。想考高分不要輕易割肉。3． 常識原則：運用常識猜題 4． 積極原則：多猜積極少猜消極。
四、基本技巧
1． 語氣突變要注意（突升或突降）。
2． 雅思聽力中人名注意的問題：出現人名，立即判斷其性別 3． 題目中遇到生詞，必須猜測它的發音
4． 做完整個section后再回頭猜測不會的答案，并注意和周圍example保持一致。學會看例子，從中獲取有用信息。
五、常考內容：
1． 數字，人名，地名5——8題（雅思對人名的要求：掌握常見英文名的拼寫，可根據人名判斷性別）2． 常考語法點：a.現在完成時(推斷過去情況，解釋過去和現在關系)，b.定語從句，c.指代關系
六、判卷
1．聽平時沒背過的的人名、地名，拼寫完全符合英語的發音規則，那么絕對算對 2． 考官一般以核心詞有否出現作為判斷正誤的標志
七、考試要注意的問題
1.不是要考九分，有的題目肯定不會做 2.我不會做，別人也不會做
3.每一個section都是一個嶄新的開始
4.一定要試好耳機，出現故障，不要自己動，請考官來換
第五篇：BEC中級聽力詞匯
7.31 & 8.4商務詞匯
1.Manufacturing(生產制造)
? Production line 生產線
Production line 生產線
Assembly line 裝配線
Line director/ manager 線上負責人
Automated自動化的automatic machine
Manpower 人力，勞動力labor-intensive
Component 零件，組件
Overtime 加班
output產量
Shift輪班倒班
? Quality control 質量監管
Batch 一批
Random sampling 隨機抽樣 / sample survey 抽樣調查
Basic testing 基本測試inspection檢測員/ inspector 檢測
Glitch 差錯defect 瑕疵，錯誤，不足
Fix / correct the glitch 解決問題
Meet the requirement/ standard
QC history 質量控制記錄
QC procedures 質量控制流程
Quality Standard 質量標準 QS
? Customer services 客戶服務
Assemble / installation / put together
Assembly instruction
Delivery
Defer payment / delay payment / layaway 先付定金，再分批交余款，交齊后交貨 Installment plan 分期付款
Customer service hotline
Break down / fail / out of order /defective
Troubleshooter 修理工 / repairman /engineer
Apologize / refund 退款/ replacement /partial refund 折舊，部分退款
Warranty /guarantee
Warranty period 質保期限
Under warranty
Lifetimewarranty 終身質保
Manual / guidebook / handbook/ pamphlet/ brochure
Membership card 會員卡/ registered user 注冊用戶
Subscribe 訂購 / order / renew 續訂
Subscriber 用戶
? Research and development 技術研發
2.Banking(金融)
Accounts management 賬戶管理
Appreciation and depreciation 貨幣升值/貶值Raising funds 融資活動
Stocks and securities exchange 股票及證券交易 3.Marketing(市場營銷)
Marketing strategy 營銷決策
Allocation of budget and resources預算及資源分配
Advertising campaign 廣告宣傳4.Accounting(財會)
Balance sheet 資產負債表Income statement 損益表
Cash flow statement 現金流量表Annual financial report 財務年報
背景詞匯：
packing area 包裝區contract 外包 delivery yard 交貨區consultant 顧問 shop floor/workshop 車間investment 投資 recruitment 招聘assembly 裝配
quality control 質量管理despatch 派遣，發送 diploma 文憑purchasing 采購部 certificate 證書postpone 推遲 asset 財產，優點bulk 大量 penalty clause 違約懲罰條款8.6
?Trading(貿易)
Exhibitions & fairs 會展/展銷會Enquiries & quotations 詢盤及報價Negotiation 談判
Contracts & renewals 合同及續約合同
Breaches & penalty clauses違約及懲罰性條款Deliveries 發貨Payments 付款
Complains & compensations 索賠及理賠 ?Routine business(日常工作)
Memos & message notes 備忘錄及留言條E-mail 電子郵件
Correspondence 商務函電
business document 商業單據(發貨單、訂單等)?Business management(企業管理)M&A 并購
Project management 項目管理
Manufacture structure 公司管理構架 ?Human Resources(人力資源)Recruiting 招聘Training 培訓
Performance appraisal 績效考評Motivation 員工激勵 ?Public Relations(公共關系管理)
PART TWO ? personnel
RecruitmentRecruitment Officer/Specialist Vacant PositionPosition VacancyHR DepartmentInterviewerIntervieweeCandidate TempResume Academic/ Education BackgroundGraduation School/ YearMajorFamily BackgroundWork ExperiencePrevious JobPrevious SalaryQualificationWell-QualifiedOverqualifiedSuitableProficient/ ProficiencyBe Proficient/ Skilled InStrong PointWeak PointSalaryPay/ PaydayIncome 個人收入 revenue 國家收入 CompensationCompensation PackageAnnual leaveBonusInsuranceUnpaid/ Paid Vacation Sick LeaveMaternity LeavePersonal LeaveProbationary Period 產假 Trial Period 試用期 Evaluate/ Evaluation 評價 Work PerformanceEvaluation PeriodHiring Criteria 雇用標準 Working HoursFlexible Working HoursWorking TimeCoffee Break 茶歇時間 Overtime加班 Business Travel 出差 Business Trip出差 Training On-The-Job Training 在職培訓 Hands-On Training 實踐培訓 Employee Training 員工培訓 Promotion 升職 Demotion降職 Rise Through The RanksRelocationResignation辭職 Retirement退休 Pension養老金
Suspension停職 Turnover Rate人員流動率 Lay Off ? fire ? get your sack ?dismiss
Job-Hopping跳槽 8.9
? company profile
affiliated company附屬公司 parent company母公司 subsidiary子公司 branch office分公司 branch store分店
company structure公司架構 company history公司歷史 core business核心業務 main business主營業務 diversification多樣化 multinational corporation 跨國公司
enterprise企業 consortium聯合財團 found/ founder創立
co-found/ co-founder 聯合創辦 headquarters總部 base
joint venture合資企業 partnershipoperation agreement
listed company上市公司 initial public offering stock exchange
merger收購 board meeting董事會 approve
Head-Hunter獵頭公司
dividend分紅 CEO
president總裁 general manager
managing director常務董事 chief of staff人事部主管 chief financial officer 首席財務官 chief operating officer 首席運營官chief technology office首席技術官counselor顧問 adviser顧問 division部門 department部門 entrepreneur企業家 management
account executive客戶專員 human resources personnel manpower staff
jurisdiction職權范圍 duty責任 responsibility責任 leadershipoversee ? supervise監督 report to述職 sales representative銷售代表
點擊咨詢 