第一篇：十八大報告要點解讀

The Analysis of the Humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol

Zhao Chengcheng(Class1, 2009, Foreign Language School, Qingdao Agricultural University)

Abstract: Charles Dickens is the outstanding realistic novelist in the 19th century.A Christmas carol is the masterpiece of Dickens which has fully reflected his humanitarianism.This thesis mainly analyzes the humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas carol and the impact of Charles Dickens? humanitarianism.This thesis analyzes Charles Dickens? humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.Meanwhile it analyzes the impact of Dickens? humanitarianism on the future generation.Finally, we come to the conclusion that humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love, instead of money, is the highest treasure in the world.Keywords: Dickens;humanitarianism;love;impact

分析《圣誕歡歌》中的人道主義精神

摘要：查爾斯狄更斯是十九世紀杰出的現實主義小說家。《圣誕歡歌》是狄更斯的代表作，充分體現了作者的人道主義精神。本文主要分析了狄更斯的這部作品中所體現的人道主義精神以及他的人道主義思想對后世的影響。本文將從三個方面來進行分析：人道主義的核心——仁愛，外在的感化，以善抗惡。同時此文也將分析狄更斯的人道主義思想對后世的影響。最后得出結論，人道主義是社會生存與和諧所必需的，仁愛終將感化邪惡，戰勝邪惡，仁愛才是世上最大的財富而不是金錢。

關鍵詞：狄更斯，人道主義，仁愛；影響

1.Introduction Charles Dickens is widely considered the greatest novelist of the Victorian age.Dickens?s works are always characterized by attacks on cruelty, moral indifference and social evils.Dickens?s works are mainly promoting humanistic ideals.Humanitarianism begins from the Renaissance and start from humanity, then the humanitarians set up their ideological system and it bases on the abstract and universal humanity.Humanity is the main point and start point of Dickens? humanitarianism.He emphasizes the “love” is the most important points of his capitalist humanitarianism and firmly believe that its powerful function to solve the social problem and eliminate the class contradiction.He opposed the class exploitation and oppression.He dreams on using the morality to educate the society and then influence the villain.We can analyze his humanitarianism according to one of his famous works—A Christmas Carol.A Christmas Carol was published in 1843 which aroused extensive attention.It is generally accepted that Dickens creates the modern Christmas and make whole society know the real meaning of Christmas, that?s the reason why this book so famous.This book mainly narrates a story about how a miser changes to a generous man and deeply aware of his evildoing.The main character Scrooge as typical of the capitalist who is shrewd in money matters everyday.He just knows save money in his lifetime, cheat workers out of cash indifferently.He rejects his nephew?s greeting, gives nothing to the poor man.However, three spirits appears in his dream and takes him to the past, present and future time.It frees him from the chains which made by himself and Scrooge realized the real meaning of life.A Christmas Carol embodies the humanitarianism of Dickens clearly and it arouses the spirit of Christmas in people?s mind.The core of this novel is “love”;Dickens portrays some typical characters that embody his view such as Scrooge?s nephew, the clerk, and the little kind kids.At the same time, it expresses author?s great anger to capitalism, sympathized with the working-class and underclass.And then the novel advocate that human beings should use love and kindness to solve the real problems, use humanity instead of cruelty to harmonize the contradiction, popularize the education and improve our society.A Christmas Carol became one of the most favorite novels since the Victorian age.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.2.Humanitarianism Reflected in A Christmas Carol

Dickens's humanitarianism formed in the Victorian age and had great influence on the literature of later ages.Zhao YanQiu divided Dickens?s morals into three levels: the core is love and kind, the middle is brave, honest, and selfless, the surface level is the cultivation and attitude.This partition provides highly reference value for us to analyze the Dickens' humanitarianism(張之燕，2008:10).Dickens? humanitarianism is sentimental.Most of his works are characterized by 2 the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man?s destiny.In A Christmas Carol, Dickens? humanitarianism is embodied in Scrooge?s family and clerk?s family, the typical poor family during the Victorian society.Humanitarianism reflected in A Christmas Carol from three aspects: the core of novel—love, the influence of external and using love to against the evil things.2.1 Embodiment of the “Love” Thought

2.1.1 Criticism of the Social Reality and Sympathy for the Lower Class As a critical realism writer, Dickens focuses on the important social problem.On the one hand, his work exposes the social reality and expresses the profound social significance.Through a detailed description of miserable life of Bob?s family and the sad life of children the author shows the current situation of society.Scrooge?s ugly face of capitalism was hated by all of the people.Dickens using humor and sarcasm to describe the misery of the lower-class people, his works removes the hypocrisy of the capitalism and brings the ugly face of capitalist society to the public.On Christmas? eve, two gentlemen came to the Scrooge?s office to raise money.But Scrooge refuted them.Scrooge replied.“Nothing!I don?t have a merry Christmas myself, and I won?t pay for other people to be merry.We all have to pay for prisons and workhouses—they cost enough.The poor will have to go there.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:10)Scrooge refuted two gentlemen and let the poor man to die.He thought that it is a good thing if some of the poor man dies;all of these were none of his business.The words that Scrooge said reflect the hideous face of capitalism and these words also express the cold-blooded of the main character—Scrooge.Author use his hatred to Scrooge to expresses his hatred to the society in Victoria age and shows his prominent love to the underclass, especially to the poor children.Dickens? humanitarianism distinct reflects the criticism to the social reality.Dickens use vivid language to portray a typical miser image and reflects the ugly face of the capitalism society.The reality of society is hypocrisy and indifference.Dickens tries to do something to correct the situation and awaken the spiritual consciousness and purify the soul.His words strongly condemned the evil indeed of the capitalist society.On the other hand, Dickens is sympathy with the people who lives in the bottom of society.The description of the lower class in A Christmas Carol is filling with compassion.Dickens is sympathy with the miserable fate of the bottom.He uses vivid language to describe the tragic circumstance of the clerk?s family and express the 3 active optimism of the poor man.Dickens?s sympathy reflected in he gives love to the lower class.At the end of the novel, Scrooge had changed completely.Scrooge?s changing reverses the fate of the bottom class directly.Scrooge leant his lesson from the spirits.On Christmas day, Scrooge awakened to the truth.He brought the biggest turkey and sent it to the clerk?s family.Scrooge went to his nephew?s home and shared the holiday happiness with his relatives.“A merry Christmas, Bob than I?ve given you for a long time.I?m going to pay you well, and help you with your family, and we?ll discuss it all this afternoon over a Christmas drink, Bob!Put more wood on the fire at once, Bob Cratchit, and let?s be comfortable!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:88)Scrooge also paid double salary to Bob and gave him a happy holiday.All these prescriptions express his sympathy for the lower class.It is a representation of simple humanitarian spirit.He considers that good will be rewarded with good, and evil with evil.The kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.He advocates love and humanism, criticizes the immoral and the evil of the bourgeois society.Dickens gives readers a happy ending.In his view, no matter whoever you are, wherever you are, you will finally get your own happiness as long as you keep love in mind and remain loyal(張之燕,2008:14-15).2.1.2 Sympathy for the Miserable Life of Children In his lifetime, Charles Dickens used his pen to mould many typical miserable children characters in his works.Because of Dickens?s miserable childhood experience, he sublimated his tragic fate to the sympathy for children.Dickens's miserable childhood break his heart permanent.When Dickens was very young he was happy and carefree everyday, but later when his father went to jail his life was full of distress and misery.All these experiences were significant helpful to his creation and to the formation of his innovate and dauntless idea.Dickens' inner mind is represented by his great attention to the children characters.It embodies his humanitarianism correctly, precisely and directly.The children characters in Dickens?s works shaped by him are always faithful, kindhearted and like sage.And Dickens thinks that children are the truest representative of humanitarianism.His child?s character owes always keeping faithful, pure and love.In A Christmas Carol, the most typical miserable children character is the tiny Tim.The novel describes tiny Tim like that “Poor tiny Tim had not walked since he was born, and although he could pull himself and his thin legs along with the help of a wooden crutch, he was not strong enough to travel far alone.”(Charles Dickens, 2006:44)Tim is really a kind child.He 4 believes that God bless every one in the world, No matter what they do, how bad they are.Love must be universal, especially to those who hurt us.The kindness of tiny Tim moved Scrooge very much.As Scrooge and spirit disappear in the light of the spirit?s torch, Scrooge cannot take his eyes off them, especially Tiny Tim.At last author gave readers a happy ending, let clerk?s family have their first happy holiday and the whole family get together.When “the weak” was driven into a corner, author always arrange a philanthropist appears even make the villain came to realize the truth.The sudden change of plot brings a happy ending really reflects Dickens?s subjective wishes of humanitarianism.Dickens always pay great attention to “a small potato” like little tiny, Scrooge?s nephew.It is undoubted that Dickens is a writer who deep sympathy with the oppressed people.He once appealed to the upper class: the living situation of the lower class is very terrible.It is dangerous to break out the resistance, from another prospective;it is also very dangerous to those people who dominated other?s fate.(殷愛平，2012:14)

These characters are not only true to life but also larger than life.They show the lower classes' miserable situation with deep sympathy and indignation, especially children.And he has fashioned his characters that are innocent, tragic, helpless like Scrooge?s nephew, tiny Tim, clerk Bob.These children characters show the writer's steadfast belief of human nature and beautiful idea.Through the descriptions of the children characters, Charles Dickens harshly criticized the bourgeois society, and at the same time showed deep sympathy with the benevolent.It also showed the innocent and painful of the poor.In his works, the justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.If William Shakespeare's humanism is aim to liberate people's minds from the feudal bondage, Charles Dickens is devote himself to relieve people from the exploit by the bourgeoisie(王娜，2011:02).2.1.3 Belief in the Idealism Interpersonal Relationship Along with the publication of a series of Christmas Books, Dickens becomes one of the most favorite writers in the Victoria age.He let people recognize the true meaning of Christmas spirit.He also reflects the “love” thought through the idealism interpersonal relationship.Charles Dickens took his pen as his weapon to reveal the brutal act of the members of the upper classes and showed the beastly behaviors they did to those people at the bottom.In A Christmas Carol, author portrays an idealism relationship between Scrooge and his clerk?s family.Scrooge even moved by kind 5 people and then awakened to the truth.He decided to turn over a new leaf.At the beginning, Scrooge is a hard, clever, mean old man.There is nothing warm about him.He lives a secretive, lonely life, and takes no interest in other people at all.He thinks Christmas is humbug and a time when you spend too much, But then he changes to a kind-hearted, philanthropicminde people.We can see that the thought of young novelist is naive with his lively strokes and the optimistic tone.His thought advocates harmonies interpersonal relationship.Britain novelist says when he talks about The Pickwick Papers: ?strictly, Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth.? It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity and he is a capitalistic idealist.He expects that the society in that stage will become much better and he considers that only love and humanism can guide people to the lightness.As everyone knows, Dickens has living outside the country many years.His work is poignant;he knows the seamy side of capitalist society and pursuit of money through his heightened awareness.Dickens?s work reflects that he pay more attention to the essence of ruthless bourgeoisie.There is no doubt that it is the result of myth.(殷愛平,2002:14).There is another idealism interpersonal relationship between Scrooge and his nephew.On Christmas Eve, Scrooge?s nephew came to invite his uncle to share the wonderful festival.But his uncle rejected him and kicked him out four times.The little nephew left without any angry, he still hope to invite his uncle come to their home every year if he likes.At last, Scrooge?s nephew forgave his uncle.How kind is the little nephew.He shows us how to treat the evil kindly.After the Scrooge wakens to the truth, he realizes the real meaning of life and love is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Dickens hopes the world change to be a new sights and the capitalism take on a new look.Carton?s prophetic vision of “a fair city”．“a beautiful city and a brilliant people rising from this abyss” echoes the prophetic writing of Blake，Coleridge，and Wordsworth，who also not agree with the bloody revolution．It based on the brief of Dickens which advocates idealism interpersonal relationship.He advocates the justice and humanity as a capitalistic idealist.Dickens hopes that people forgive each other, love each other.Poor man should not lose their dignity and rich man should be merciful to the bottom class of society.We can say that the core of Dickens?s humanitarianism is “love”, this thought throughout his literature works.He expects that our society will become better and he believes someday we can achieve the 6 idealism interpersonal relationship(殷愛平，2002:15).Britain novelist thought Dickens did not create a kind of literature, but a kind of myth(John O.Jordan, 2004:68).2.2 Advocation of the External Influence and Using Love against Evil

Dickens? humanitarianism emphasizes the external influence instead of the inner struggle and wake up to reality.His thought is heteronomy, not autonomy.There always have several kind men like sage in Dickens? novel.They seem to bathe themselves in God?s glory, and disseminate the beauty and love.They all perfect as the God.Some people refer to it as a belief and make use of the belief to repent.We rarely to see the confrontation in their inner mind and most of their change was caused by the external influence.Most of his works are characterized by the deep sympathy for the people living at the bottom of society and mercy to the poor man?s destiny.Their behavior changed him.Different from Dostoevsky, Dickens believes that the majority of people really are inherently good.Most evil people changed by the environment.He teaches his son: “My dear son!Never be ruthless and arrogant to any poor people.They?re dreadful, because their friends are not kind-hearted.They would be kind if their friends are kind.Thinking about how the Jesus teach them when you heard someone tale about the poor man and suffering man.”

There?re four people influenced Scrooge most in A Christmas Carol.Firstly thanks to three ghosts who appearance on Christmas Eve.Actually the ghosts are the prototype of Scrooge?s friends Mallet.Novel hinted about Scrooge is stingy as Mallet, so when Scrooge was shocked when he saw three ghosts came to his home.In fact, Ghosts is Scrooge?s looks in mirror, Scrooge saw the fateful consequences of his evil deeds.It makes him anew examines himself.He knew stingy drove his mind inward and indiffence.From then on, he realized his errors and mended his ways.Three ghosts took Scrooge to the past, present and future.When they came to the past, they saw Scrooge?s boss, old Fezziwig, who treats him as his son.Scrooge thinks back on his life in the past.His boss not only gives him many add rewards but also give him an early start to his holiday.On Christmas Eve, old Fezziwig invite the fiddler to play Christmas songs.All of them laughing and singing together.Old Fezziwig stands a sharp contrast to the selfishness Scrooge.It let Scrooge know that it is easy enough to amuse other people.Scrooge says “No, spirit, you see, our employer can make us happy or sad.His words, his looks, all these things are so important!The happiness that he gives is just as valuable as money!”(Charles Dickens, 2006:34)Actually, old Fezziwig influenced Bob by his kindness.Then Scrooge 7 thought of his evil deeds and regret profoundly.Then the ghosts took Scrooge to the present, his nephew?s family.The second sage is Scrooge?s nephew.He let his uncle feel the love of family.The little nephew invites his uncle to share the Christmas day and thanks his uncle brings them this beautiful life.He thinks it?s sad to think of his uncle every Christmas.Uncle can be cross and miserable if he likes, but he?ll go on inviting him and someday perhaps he?ll think better of Christmas!He was influenced by all these kind behaviors.Because they believe Scrooge is kind in his inner heart.When Scrooge hears his nephew saying like that he felt guilty.Thinking of his horrible attitude to his nephew, he hangs his head in shame.Bob is the third people who moved Scrooge very much.Bob is Scrooge?s clerk.His home is as poor as a church.Because of the poor salary, they can?t buy a real turkey.Children are very exciting because their family has a really big chicken for dinner.But in fact it was only a small chicken, but it seemed large to the excited children.But they are not complaining about the society and the boss at all.On the contrary, they bless the Scrooge health and happy every day.?Mr.Scrooge!? said Bob.?Let?s drink to Mr.Scrooge, whose money has paid for this meal!? ?Well, I?ll drink to his health only because of you and because it is Christmas.Long life to Mr.Scrooge!A merry Christmas and a happy new year to him!(Charles Dickens, 2006:60)? In fact, everyone is kind hearted, so does Scrooge.He is the people who willing to repent.He has both kind and evil character in his mind.He can?t save himself but he knows himself clearly.Because of the complex environment, he keeps his way of life.Once the saint strength makes efforts to change him, it will be recalling his humanity of love easily.Ahter these experiences Scrooge changed completely and he realized the true meaning of Christmas.The novel shows us through Scrooge?s words.“I will be good to other people.I will keep Christmas in my heart, and will try to be kind, and cheerful, and merry, every day.Money can?t buy a happy life, or a peaceful death!” Scrooge said.(Charles Dickens, 2006:78)Adherence to this concept, Dickens pays more attention to the effect of external influence and nothing is better than love to influencing others.3.The Impact of Dickens’ Humanitarianism on the Future Generation A Christmas Carol was one of the most masterpieces in the history of humanism.Later, it became the theoretical source of humanism movement?s development.8 Dickens is wildly considered as one of the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and creates many memorable characters.During Dickens?s lifetime, his works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was fully recognized by scholars and critics.His short stories and novels continue to enjoy a great popularity among the general reading public.He put forward the ideal of creation, A Christmas Carol, not only became a classic work of humanitarianism, but also became one of the one hundred books which affecting the world deeply.Charles Dickens and his famous works deeply inspired people generation after generation.He glorifies kindness and love, criticize evil and hatred.Dickens? humanism is impact on the future generation.Dickens? humanism is undoubted of considerable realistic significance.Dickens hopes his work not only can help people to build up right values, philosophy, and moral view but also improve the social situation.Finally Dickens achieved his goal.People learnt the ?kindheartedness?? spirit which was cultivated by A Christmas Carol.Charles Dickens is also a great critic realism writer.His work tells us lots about capitalism social reality.He uses the typical characters satirizes the ugly phenomena in society.To some extent, Dickens? humanism deeply influenced many novelists since 19th century, such as Charlotte Bronte in British, George moxa lott, hardy, Henry James in America and Dostoevsky in Russia.Dostoevsky read Dickens? work so many times that Dickens? thought deeply affect his thoughts and life.Pearl buck, very famous in literary world in 20th century, is also deeply influenced by Dickens?s humanitarianism.She ever wrote in A Debts to Dickens: “my feeling for Dickens is different from others.He let me see different kinds of people.He taught me love these people no matter they?re rich or poor, no matter they?re children or old man.He taught me we should hated hypocrisy.he let me know that mercy is the best moral in the world and kindness is the most beautiful thing in the world.” from the confession of pearl buck and her Christian spirit we can know that she is deeply influenced by Dickens?s humanism.Actually, in real life, she is dedicated to charity.She is against race prejudice, stop sex discrimination.She is also condemning the British colonial rule.Writing and charity are the two main businesses in his life time and commit to the welfare projects in the old age.What?s more, Dickens? humanitarianism has great effect on Chinese culture.With the Pressure of Western thought, many works of Dickens were translated to Chinese.In the first part of 20th century, China is during the turbulence time and 9 wartime.Dickens? humanitarianism thought emphasize love and kind;advocate the mediation of the class.It is filled with warm atmosphere and brings hopeful light to the society.Therefore, Dickens? works are deep loved by the entire world.But his thought is hard to accept by the writers who think society is the most important.Dickens? thought has a realistic significant in contemporary society.Dickens? humanitarianism thoughts are also have meaningful significance to new century.We live in a materialistic society;his humanitarianism may be a little sentimental.Love and kind cannot give us tangible things, but it brings us a fulfilling life.We couldn?t have such harmonies life without humanism.And today, it has great theoretical and practical significance for us to re-read the thoughts and the writings of Charles Dickens.4.Conclusion Humanitarianism has a long history in the literary world and Dickens?s humanism thought have an important influence on the later ages.This thesis analysis the humanitarianism from three aspects: the core of humanitarianism—love, influence of external, using love against evil things.From the typical kind characters we can get a conclusion that love is the core of humanism.Love can influence evil and love will prevail against evil.Love is the highest treasure in the world instead of material enjoyment.The justice finally would surpass the evil, and the truth would conquer the false and the kind hearted people would change their miserable destiny and get a fair.Furthermore, moral education is the chief remedy for all social evils.Dickens humanitarianism's miniature was praising the morals and criticizing the evils.What?s more, Charles Dickens makes efforts to expose the evil phenomena in society and devotes all his life into the humanitarianism.He criticizes the social reality and sympathy for the lower class, especially for the miserable children.According to the sympathy for the miserable children in A Christmas Carol, we can see Dickens? humanism thoughts clearly.He thinks that human beings can be influenced by love and moral education.And it is cruelty and unnecessary to break out revolution, although he does not agree with what the capitalist have done.Everyone should love each other and only the humanism can improve this situation, using love against the evil things but not violence.Dickens believes in the idealism interpersonal relationship.Although it is only a good wish, someday we may achieve it if everyone pays attention to the moral promotion.Dickens? works not only exposes the hypocrisy side of upper-class society to public in Britain of the 19th century, but 10 also shows the miserable situation of lower class with deep sympathy, especially for children.And A Christmas Carol is the best work, which embodies his humanitarianism.Humanitarianism of Dickens exerted a far-reaching impact on the later age.In a word, the humanitarianism in A Christmas Carol is portrayed most vivid and strongly impact on capitalism.Through Dickens?s thoughts, we realize humanitarianism is necessary for a society to live harmoniously.Love will influence evil and love will prevail against evil.“Love” is the highest treasure in the world instead of money.Reference 1.Charles Dickens.1997.A Christmas Carol[C].Oxford University Press.2.John O.Jordan.2004.The Cambridge Companion to the Charles Dickens[C].上海外語外交出版社。

3.王娜，2022，Analysis of Children Characters in Charles Dickens?s Novel[D]，《中外文學文化研究》。

4.張之燕，2008，從人物形象看狄更斯的人道主義思想[D],湖南大學。5.殷愛平，2002，狄更斯“仁愛”思想初探[J]，《鎮江高專學報》04期。6.羅京國，1981，狄更斯評論集[C]，上海譯文出版社。

7.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Dickens#Influence_and_legacy 8.http://www.tmdps.cn/ 9.http://www.tmdps.cn/w/barnes-noble-leatherbound-classics-charles-dickens-charles-dickens/ 11

第二篇：十八大報告要點解讀

十八大報告要點解讀

1.建成小康

【報告原文】：中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

【要點解讀】：從“建設”到“建成”，一字的變化，卻是質的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現在全國人民面前，必將極大激發全國人民的

2.兩個翻番

【報告原文】：在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：這是中共首次明確提出居民收入倍增目標。到那時，全國老百姓的衣食住行用水平將全面提高，基本公共服務均等化將總體實現，全民受教育程度和創新人才培養水平將明顯提高，教育現代化將基本實現，農民工子女將平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才，城鄉就業將更加充分，收入分配差距將會縮小，中等收入群體將持續擴大，扶貧對象將大幅減少，農業轉移人口市民化進程將加快，城鎮基本公共服務將實現常住人口全覆蓋，人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，人居環境明顯改善，住房保障體系基本形成。老百姓生活在社會主義中國的幸福感將普遍增強!【報告原文】：經濟持續健康發展。轉變經濟發展方式取得重大進展，在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：針對２０２０年全面建成小康社會的目標，十八大報告中提出“實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比２０１０年翻一番”的新指標。代表們認為，雙指標同步提 出，說明我們不是一味追求經濟總量的快速增長，而是下決心更加重視居民收入的提高。內蒙古阿巴嘎旗薩如拉圖雅嘎查黨支部書記、廷·巴特爾代表說：“報告針 對城鄉居民收入增長提出明確的倍增目標，這體現了科學發展觀的要求，進一步反映了我們黨以人為本、民生優先的執政理念，讓人倍感溫暖。”

代表們認為，隨著經濟社會不斷進步，全面建設小康社會的奮斗目標也在不斷發展、完善，目標更高，標準更嚴。“實現這個溫暖人心的目標并不容易，這是黨和政 府在改善民生上自我加壓。”廷·巴特爾認為，居民收入是硬指標，比起其他的民生指標更直接、更現實，最具有幸福感。甘肅省扶貧辦主任、沙拜次力代表認為，將“收入翻番”確定為奮斗目標，更加凸顯了中國共產黨關注民生的基本立場。

從統計數據看，十六大以來，年均經濟增速超過１０％；城鎮居民人均可支配收入扣除價格因素年均實際增長９．２％，農村居民人均純收入年均實際增長 ８．１％，是歷史上增長最快的時期之一。“報告中提出兩個翻番的要求，給我們明確了農村今后的發展道路，為我們指明了發展的方向和目標。”安徽省阜陽市潁 州區種糧大戶葛浩新代表信心滿滿。

“收入翻番需要強有力的經濟支撐，這需要我們緊緊扭住發展不放松，加快轉變經濟發展方式，不斷做大做好‘發展蛋糕’。”廷·巴特爾說。

第三篇：十八大報告要點解讀

十八大報告要點解讀

科學發展觀 ：總結十年奮斗歷程，最重要的就是我們堅持以馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想為指導，于推進實踐基礎上的理論創新，圍繞堅持和發展中國特色社會主義提出一系列緊密相連、相互貫通的新思想、新觀點、新論斷，形成和貫徹了科學發展觀。科學發展觀對新形勢下實現什么樣的發展、怎樣發展等重大問題作出了新的科學回答，把我們對中國特色社會主義規律的認識提高到新的水平，開辟了當代中國馬克思主義發展新境界。

中國特色社會主義：建設中國特色社會主義，總依據是社會主義初級階段，總布局是五位一體，總任務是實現社會主義現代化和中華民族偉大復興。

全面建成小康社會：我們要準確判斷重要戰略機遇期內涵和條件的變化，全面把握機遇，沉著應對挑戰，贏得主動，贏得優勢，贏得未來，確保到二0二0年實現全面建成小康社會宏偉目標。

加快轉變經濟發展方式：經濟體制改革的核心問題是處理好政府和市場的關系，必須更加尊重市場規律，更好發揮政府作用。

推進政治體制改革必須繼續積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展更加廣泛、更加充分、更加健全的人民民主。要把制度建設擺在突出位置，充分發揮我國社會主義政治制度優越性，積極借鑒人類政治文明有益成果，絕不照搬西方政治制度模式。

學習十八大精神：胡錦濤同志的報告高屋建瓴，立意高遠，內涵豐富，重點突出，思想深刻，是一篇馬克思主義的綱領性文獻。報告全面系統總結基本經驗，是我們黨理論創新的重要成果，標志著我們黨對共產黨執政規律、社會主義建設規律和人類社會發展規律認識水平的進一步提高，對于黨和國家事業的發展具有長遠的指導作用。

學習貫徹十八大精神，首先要準確把握十八大的基本精神，這是學習和貫徹的前提。“科學發展觀”重要思想則是十八大的靈魂。“科學發展觀”重要思想是對馬克思列寧主義，毛澤東思想和鄧小平理論的繼承和發展，是加強和改進黨的建設和發展的強大理論武器。是我們工作必須長期堅持的指導思想。確立“科學發展觀”重要思想的重要指導地位，是十八大的一個歷史性貢獻。

第四篇：十八大報告要點解讀

十八大報告要點專家解讀

中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會于2012年11月8日上午在北京人民大會堂開幕。胡錦濤同志向大會作題為《堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進為全面建成小康社會而奮斗》的報告。報告以高度凝練的語言，準確而鮮明地向黨內外、國內外闡述了關系我們黨和國家工作全局的一系列重大理論和實際問題，在與會代表和廣大黨員、干部、群眾中產生熱烈反響。黨委宣傳部專門編輯收集了有關專家對十八大報告要點的解讀文章，現整理如下，提供給大家理論學習之用。

1.建成小康

【報告原文】：中國共產黨第十八次全國代表大會，是在我國進入全面建成小康社會決定性階段召開的一次十分重要的大會。大會的主題是：高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，解放思想，改革開放，凝聚力量，攻堅克難，堅定不移沿著中國特色社會主義道路前進，為全面建成小康社會而奮斗。

【要點解讀】：從“建設”到“建成”，這一字之變，是個質的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現在全國人民面前，必將極大激發全國人民的奮斗熱情。

2.兩個翻番

【報告原文】：在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。

【要點解讀】：這是中共首次明確提出居民收入倍增目標。到那時，全國老百姓的衣食住行用水平將全面提高，基本公共服務均等化將總體實現，全民受教育程度和創新人才培養水平將明顯提高，教育現代化將基本實現，農民工子女將平等接受教育，讓每個孩子都能成為有用之才，城鄉就業將更加充分，收入分配差距將會縮小，中等收入群體將持續擴大，扶貧對象將大幅減少，農業轉移人口市民化進程將加快，城鎮基本公共服務將實現常住人口全覆蓋，人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，人居環境明顯改善，住房保障體系基本形成。老百姓生活在社會主義中國的幸福感將普遍增強!3．兩個“五位一體”

【報告原文】：（第一個五位一體）必須更加自覺地把全面協調可持續作為深入貫徹落實科學發展觀的基本要求，全面落實經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局，促進現代化建設各方面相協調，促進生產關系與生產力、上層建筑與經濟基礎相協調，不斷開拓上產發展、生活富裕、生態良好的文明發展道路。

—1—（第二個五位一體）全黨要增強緊迫感和責任感，牢牢把握加強黨的執政能力建設、先進性和純潔性建設這條主線，堅持解放思想、改革創新，堅持黨要管黨、從嚴治黨，全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設，增強自我凈化、自我完善、自我革新、自我提高能力，建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨，確保黨始終成為中國特色社會主義事業的堅強領導核心。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告將中國特色社會主義事業總體布局從“四位一體”擴展為“五位一體”，這表明我們黨對中國特色社會主義建設規律從認識到實踐都達到了新的水平。早在1986年，黨的十二屆六中全會首次提出以經濟建設為中心，堅定不移地進行經濟體制改革，堅定不移地進行政治體制改革，堅定不移地加強精神文明建設的總體布局，這一“三位一體”總體布局從黨的十三大一直延續到十六大。黨的十六屆六中全會提出構建社會主義和諧社會的重大任務，總體布局中增加了社會建設，拓展為“四位一體”。適應人民群眾對良好生態環境越來越迫切的期待，黨的十八大把生態文明建設放在了突出地位，納入總體布局，拓展為“五位一體”。這“五位一體”的總體布局，對應著全國老百姓的經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態五大權益。特別是通過生態文明建設，我們黨和國家將在實現當代人利益的同時，給自然留下更多修復空間，給農業留下更多良田，給子孫后代留下天藍、地綠、水凈的美好家園。黨的十八大報告中提出黨的建設總體布局也是“五位一體”，（報告原文：全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設。）頗有深意的是，兩個“五位一體”都有一項具有凈化功能：中國特色社會主義事業“五位一體”總體布局中的生態文明，體現著自然界的凈化；黨的建設新的偉大工程“五位一體”總體布局中的反腐倡廉建設，體現的是中國共產黨的自我凈化。

4.民主協商

【報告原文】：要健全社會主義協商民主制度。完善協商民主制度和工作機制，推進協商民主廣泛、多層、制度化發展。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告提出健全社會主義協商民主制度，這是我國人民民主的重要形式，有利于就經濟社會發展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協商、廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。把中國特色選舉民主同社會主義協商民主相結合，將有利于健全民主制度、豐富民主形式、擴大社會主義民主、發展社會主義政治文明，為實現最廣泛的人民民主確立正確方向。

5．黨的指導思想

【報告原文】： 科學發展觀是中國特色社會主義理論體系最新成果，是中國共產黨集體智慧的結晶，是指導黨和國家全部工作的強大思想武器。科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。

—2— 【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告進一步明確了科學發展觀的歷史定位，實現了黨的指導思想的又一次與時俱進。我們黨在推進馬克思主義中國化過程中有兩次歷史性飛躍，第一次飛躍是形成了毛澤東思想；第二次飛躍是在改革開放新的偉大革命中，逐步形成中國特色社會主義理論體系。這個理論體系實現了我們黨的指導思想的三次與時俱進，第一次是將鄧小平理論列為黨的指導思想，第二次是將“三個代表”重要思想列為黨的指導思想，第三次是將科學發展觀列為黨的指導思想。因而這是黨的十八大報告最大的理論亮點和歷史貢獻。

6.八個堅持

【報告原文】：在新的歷史條件下奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握以下基本要求，并使之成為全黨全國各族人民的共同信念。必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發展，必須堅持黨的領導。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告對中國特色社會主義作出新的理論概括，強調在新的歷史條件下，奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，必須牢牢把握八個基本要求，分別是：必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發展，必須堅持黨的領導。這八條，不僅條條都有強烈的現實針對性、長遠指導性，而且作為全黨全國人民的共同信念，必將極大地推進解放思想、改革開放、凝聚力量、攻堅克難，扎扎實實奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利，奮力開拓中國特色社會主義更為廣闊的發展前景。

7.兩個“百年”

【報告原文】：只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產黨成立一百年時全面建成小康社會，就一定能在新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。全黨要堅定這樣的道路自信、理論自信、制度自信！

【要點解讀】：這兩個百年奮斗目標最早是在黨的十五大報告中提出的，此后，黨的十六大、十七大報告以及胡錦濤同志在紀念黨的十一屆三中全會30周年大會上的講話中都作了重申。黨的十八大報告再次重申這兩個百年目標，是要強調，此時此刻，我們正處于近代以來中國歷史上最接近中華民族偉大復興目標的重要時刻，我們既倍加自豪，又對黨和人民確立的理想信念倍加堅定，對黨肩負的歷史責任倍加清醒。也可以這樣說，這兩個百年目標必將成為我們奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的兩座里程碑。

—3— 8.24字核心價值觀

【報告原文】：要加強社會主義核心價值體系建設。倡導富強、民主、文明、和諧，倡導自由、平等、公正、法治，倡導愛國、敬業、誠信、友善，積極培育社會主義核心價值觀。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告用24個字提出覆蓋全國各方面意見、反映現階段全國人民最大公約數的社會主義核心價值觀的表述。這個表述是分別從國家、社會、個人三個層面進行的。

從國家層面看，是富強、民主、文明、和諧；從社會層面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；從公民個人層面看，是愛國、敬業、誠信、友善。毛澤東同志一再強調正確處理國家、集體、個人三者利益關系，這三個層面的社會主義核心價值觀的表述，也體現了同樣的思想方法。在這個基礎上，有利于積極培育社會主義核心價值觀。

9.三型目標

【報告原文】：建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨。

【要點解讀】：黨的十八大報告提出建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨。這“三型”目標，表明我們對執政黨建設規律的把握更自覺、更全面、更深刻。在黨的十八大報告中，人民是個關鍵詞，服務也是個關鍵詞。堅持人民主體地位，更好保障人民權益、更好保障人民當家做主貫穿報告始終，為人民服務也貫穿報告始終。在社會主義經濟、政治、文化、社會、生態建設部分的論述和部署中，處處體現了我們黨和國家全方位為人民服務，加強各方面、各領域服務體系建設，加強各方面人群的服務功能、服務效能。同時，黨的十八大報告也對基層“服務型”黨組織建設作出了總體部署，必將充分發揮基層黨組織推動發展、服務群眾、凝聚人心、促進和諧的作用，進一步夯實黨執政的基層組織基礎。

10．文化活力

【報告原文】建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創造活力。要深化文化體制改革，解放和發展文化生產力，發揚學術民主、藝術民主，為人民提供廣闊的文化舞臺，讓一切文化創造源泉充分涌流，開創全民族文化創造活力持續迸發、社會文化生活更加豐富多彩、人民基本文化權益得到更好保障、人民思想道德素質和 科學文化素質全面提高、中華文化國際影響力不斷增強的新局面。

【要點解讀】：從十六大提出“文化體制改革”的任務，到十七大將“文化軟實力”寫入大會報告；從十七屆六中全會首次從完整意義上制定“文化強國戰略”，到十八大報告再度強調“建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創造活力”，我們黨對文化建設規律的認識越來越全面，越來越深刻。

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第五篇：十八大報告要點解讀(精簡版)

十八大報告要點解讀（精簡版）

1.全面建成小康社會

從“建設小康社會”到“建成小康社會”，這一字之變，是個質的飛躍；這一字之改的“含金量”很高，為我們扎扎實實邁向中華民族偉大復興提供了一個看得見、摸得著、感受得到的階段性目標，把全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水平小康社會美好前景，更加清晰地呈現在全國人民面前。

2.兩個翻一番

“在發展平衡性、協調性、可持續性明顯增強的基礎上，實現國內生產總值和城鄉居民人均收入比二〇一〇年翻一番。”這是中共首次明確提出居民收入倍增目標。到那時，全國老百姓生活在社會主義中國的幸福感將普遍增強!

3． 兩個“五位一體”

（第一個五位一體）全面落實經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設、生態文明建設五位一體總體布局；（第二個五位一體）全面加強黨的思想建設、組織建 設、作風建設、反腐倡廉建設、制度建設。兩個“五位一體”都有一項具有凈化功能：“第一個五位一體”總體布局中的生態文明，體現著自然界的凈化； “第二個五位一體”總體布局中的反腐倡廉建設，體現的是中國共產黨的自我凈化。

4.民主協商制度

黨的十八大報告提出健全社會主義協商民主制度，這是我國人民民主的重要形式，有利于就經濟社會發展重大問題和涉及群眾切身利益的實際問題廣泛協商、廣納群言、廣集民智，增進共識、增強合力。

5． 黨的指導思想

“科學發展觀同馬克思列寧主義、毛澤東思想、鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想一道，是黨必須長期堅持的指導思想。”黨的十八大報告進一步明確了科學發展觀的歷史定位，實現了黨的指導思想的又一次與時俱進。

6.牢記八個堅持

“必須堅持人民主體地位，必須堅持解放和發展社會生產力，必須堅持推進改革開放，必須堅持維護社會公平正義，必須堅持走共同富裕道路，必須堅持促進社會和諧，必須堅持和平發展，必須堅持黨的領導。”這八條，條條都有強烈的現實針對性、長遠指導性。

7.兩個“百年”實現現代化

“只要我們胸懷理想、堅定信念，不動搖、不懈怠、不折騰，頑強奮斗、艱苦奮斗、不懈奮斗，就一定能在中國共產黨成立一百年時全面

建成小康社會，就一定能在 新中國成立一百年時建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。”這兩個百年目標必將成為我們奪取中國特色社會主義新勝利的兩座里程碑。

8.24字社會主義核心價值觀

社會主義核心價值觀用24個字，分別從國家、社會、個人三個層面進行表述。從國家層面看，是富強、民主、文明、和諧；從社會層面看，是自由、平等、公正、法治；從公民個人層面看，是愛國、敬業、誠信、友善。

9.三型目標建設執政黨

黨的十八大報告提出建設學習型、服務型、創新型的馬克思主義執政黨。這“三型”目標，表明我們對執政黨建設規律的把握更自覺、更全面、更深刻。在黨的十八大報告中，堅持人民主體地位，為人民服務貫穿報告始終。

10． 增強全民族文化創造活力

從十六大提出“文化體制改革”的任務，到十七大將“文化軟實力”寫入大會報告；從十七屆六中全會首次從完整意義上制定“文化強國戰略”，到十八大報告再度 強調“建設社會主義文化強國，關鍵是增強全民族文化創造活力”，我們黨對文化建設規律的認識越來越全面，越來越深刻。