第一篇:英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的若干規(guī)則
英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的若干規(guī)則
1.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化
(1)一般情況加詞尾-s,如 book / books, desk / desks等。(2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等結(jié)尾的名詞,通常加詞尾-es:bus / buses, box / boxes, dish / dishes等。(3)以y 結(jié)尾的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成要分兩種情況:以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,將 y 改為 ies;以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,直接加詞尾-s:city / cities, toy / toys, holiday / holidays 等。2.復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化的幾點(diǎn)說明
(1)以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加詞尾-es,指的是 ch 讀音為[tF]時(shí);若ch的讀音為[k],則其復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)加詞尾-s,如 stomach[tstQmEk]是 stomachs,而不是 stomaches。(2)以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞,直接加詞尾s變復(fù)數(shù)。如: There are two Marys in our class.我們班在兩個(gè)瑪麗。
(3)以 o 結(jié)尾的名詞,有些加詞尾-s,有些加-es,但在中學(xué)英語范圍內(nèi),以o結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)加詞尾-es 的主要有以下4個(gè):tomato(西紅柿),potato(土豆),hero(英雄),Negro(黑人)。
注:有些以o 結(jié)尾的名詞在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加-s或-es均可,如zero / zero(e)s(零)等。(4)以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,也有兩種可能:即有些直接加詞尾-s,有些則把 f / fe 改為 ves:roof / roofs(屋頂),knife / knives(小刀)等。但在中學(xué)英語范圍內(nèi),要改 f / fe 為 ves 的只有以下10個(gè)詞(它們都是日常生活中的常用詞):wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(樹葉),thief(賊),half(一半),self(自己),shelf(架子),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。注:中學(xué)英語中的handkerchief(手帕)在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)有兩種形式:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves,但在現(xiàn)代英語中,以用 handkerchiefs 為多見。3.單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞 這類名詞不多,主要的有: sheep 綿羊
fish 魚
deer 鹿 Chinese 中國人
Japanese 日本人 Portuguese 葡萄牙人 Swiss 瑞士人 aircraft 飛行器 means 方法 series 系列
head(牛等的)頭數(shù) works 工廠
注:(1)fish 有時(shí)也用 fishes 這樣的復(fù)數(shù)形式,尤其是表示種類時(shí);head 若不是表示牲口的“頭數(shù)”,而是表示“人的頭”或“人數(shù)”,則要用 heads 這樣的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
(2)由漢語拼音形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)與單數(shù)同形,如 fifty yuan(5元),thirty fen(3角),five li(5里),ten mu(10畝)等。4.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
有的名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),沒有一定的規(guī)則,需特別記憶: man / men 男人
woman / women 女人 child / children 小孩 tooth / teeth 牙齒 foot / feet 腳
goose / geese 鵝 mouse / mice 老鼠 ox / oxen 公牛 注:(1)一些以 man, woman 結(jié)尾的合成詞,在構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)與 man, woman 的變化形式相同,如:policeman / policemen(警察),Englishman / Englishmen(英國人),等等。但是 human(人),German(德國人),Walkman(隨身聽)不是合成詞,它們的復(fù)數(shù)要按一般規(guī)則變化,即為 humans, Germans, Walkmans,而不是 humen, Germen, Walkmen。又如Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是Bowmans,不是 Bowmen。
(2)foot表示“英尺”時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式 feet / foot,如:He is about six feet [foot] tall.他大約6英尺高。
5.復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的方法
復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)通常是將其主要名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù):
passer-by / passers-by 過路人 looker-on / lookers-on 旁觀者 若沒有主要名詞,則通常在最后一個(gè)詞尾加s: know-all / know-alls 萬事通
對(duì)于由man / woman用于另一名詞前構(gòu)成的合成名詞,則需將兩者變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù): man nurse / nurse doctors 男護(hù)士
woman lawyer / women lawyers 女律師
英語語法---比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly)或加后綴-er(newer,sooner)。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質(zhì)、量或關(guān)系的增加。英語句子中,將比較兩個(gè)主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中,像“A比B更??”的表達(dá)方式稱為比較級(jí);而“A最??”的表達(dá)方式則稱為最高級(jí)。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)的形態(tài)。
一、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則
1.一般單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在后面加-er,最高級(jí)在后面加-est;
(1)單音節(jié)詞
如:small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
(2)雙音節(jié)詞
如:clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2.以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)詞,比較在原級(jí)后加-r,最高級(jí)在原級(jí)后加-st;
如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3.在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,把y改為i,比較級(jí)加-er,最高級(jí)加-est;
如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5.其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,比較級(jí)在前面加more,最高級(jí)在前面加most;
如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意:(1)形容詞最高級(jí)前通常必須用定冠詞 the,副詞最高級(jí)前可不用。
例句: The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.(2)形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最高級(jí)的含義,只表示“非?!?。
It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.6.有少數(shù)形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)是不規(guī)則的,必須熟記。
如:good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
1.“A + be +形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B” 意思為“A比B更??”。
如:This tree is taller than that one.這棵樹比那棵樹高。
注意:
① 在含有連詞than的比較級(jí)中,前后的比較對(duì)象必須是同一范疇,即同類事物之間的比較。
②在比較級(jí)前面使用much,表示程度程度“強(qiáng)得多”。
如:A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.③ very, quite一般只能修飾原級(jí),不能修飾比較級(jí)。
2.“比較級(jí) + and + 比較級(jí)”或“more and more +原級(jí)”表示“越來越??”
如:It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.春天來了,天氣變得越來越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.天氣越來越?jīng)鏊?/p>
The wind became more and more heavily.風(fēng)變得越來越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我們的學(xué)校變得越來越美麗。
3.在含有or的選擇疑問句中,如果有兩者供選擇,前面的形容詞要用比較級(jí)形式。
如:Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高,Tim還是Tom?
4.“the +比較級(jí)??, the+比較級(jí)”,表示“越??越??”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.錢你賺得越多,花得越多。
The sooner,the better.越快越好。
5.表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)用法:
①.A is ?times the size /height/length/width of B.如:The new building is three times the height of the old one.這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高)
②.A is ?times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.如:Asia is four times as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)
③.A is ?times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.如:Our school is twice bigger than yours.我們學(xué)校比你們學(xué)校大兩倍。
6.形容詞、副詞的最高級(jí)形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較,表示“最??”的意思。
句子中有表示范圍的詞或短語。如:of the three, in our class等等。
如:He is the tallest in our class.他在我們班里是最高的。
7.“否定詞語+比較級(jí)”,“否定詞語+ so? as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。
Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.8.比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的轉(zhuǎn)換:
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修飾比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的詞
1)可修飾比較級(jí)的詞
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②.還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。
③.以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級(jí)形容詞或副詞的前面。
注意: 使用最高級(jí)要注意將主語包括在比較范圍內(nèi)。
(錯(cuò))Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(對(duì))Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列詞可修飾最高級(jí):by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意:
a.very可修飾最高級(jí),但位置與much不同。
This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。
Africa is the second largest continent.8.要避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。
(錯(cuò))He is more cleverer than his brother.(對(duì))He is more clever than his brother.(對(duì))He is cleverer than his brother.9.要避免將主語含在比較對(duì)象中。
(錯(cuò))China is larger that any country in Asia.(對(duì))China is larger than any other country in Asia.10.要注意對(duì)應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.11.要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時(shí)候,前面才有可能有名詞。
比較:Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.三.典型例題
1)----Are you feeling ____?
----Yes,I'm fine now.A.any well B.any better C.quite good
D.quite better
答案:B.any 可修飾比較級(jí),quite修飾原級(jí),well的比較級(jí)為better.2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.A.more B.much more C.much
D.more much
答案:C.much可修飾比較級(jí),因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級(jí),不需more,因此C為正確答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A.the happiest time B.a more happier time
C.much happiest time D.a much happier time
答案:D。
比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法
1.兩者相比(甲=乙),用“as+原級(jí)+as”表示 Tom is as tall as Mike.2.兩者相比(甲〈 乙),用“not as(so)+原級(jí)+as”或“l(fā)ess than”表示 I didn’t do my homework so(as)carefully as you.The picture is less attractive than that one.3.兩者相比(甲〉乙),用“比較級(jí)+than”表示
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.注意:1)為了避免重復(fù),在從句中常用one, that, those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.2)比較等級(jí)應(yīng)注意避免和包括自己的對(duì)象比。比較級(jí)+than+
any other + 單數(shù)名詞 all the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 anyone else
any of the other + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞
3)如果形容詞作定語修飾一個(gè)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之后。
Our neighbour has _____ ours.A.as a big house as
B.as big a house as C.the same big house as D.house the same big as
4)比較級(jí)前一般不用冠詞,但若表示“兩者中較??時(shí)”。比較級(jí)前要加定冠詞。若比較級(jí)后有名詞,常在比較級(jí)前加不定冠詞,表示泛指。E.g.他是兩者中較高的一個(gè) He is the taller of the two.她唱得真動(dòng)聽!我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.4.三者或三者以上相比,表示最高級(jí)時(shí),用“the +最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示,這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class.That was the least exciting football game I’ve ever watched.This hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever stayed.注意:當(dāng)最高級(jí)的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時(shí),僅表示“很??,非常??”
Monday is my busiest day.星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most(very)beautiful coastal city.青島是一個(gè)非常美麗的海濱城市。
比較級(jí)的一些其他用法 倍數(shù)表示方法
a)
倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+ as b)
倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than c)
倍數(shù)+ the + n.+ of
This rope is three times longer than that one.(這條繩子比那條長三倍。)This rope is three times as long as that one.(這條繩子是那條繩子的三倍。)
This rope is three times the length of that one.(這條繩子比那條繩子長三倍。)2 用形容詞比較級(jí)的否定形式,從反面來表示最高級(jí),通常譯為“沒有比??更??”
No other book has a greater effect on my life.沒有哪一本書比這本書對(duì)我的影響更大的了。=This book has the greatest effect on my life.考例: —Go for a picnic this weekend, OK?
--_____.I love getting close to nature.A.I couldn’t agree more
B.I’m afraid not.C.I believe not
D.I don’t think so.3 more and more 越來越? ? Our city is getting bigger and bigger.Our city is getting more and more beautiful.4 the more ? the more ?
越? ?就越? ? The more you study, the more you know.The busier the old man is, the happier he feels.The more intelligent students are, the more quickly they understand ideas.可用下列詞來修飾形容詞的比較級(jí)
much a lot slightly a little almost far a bit still
第二篇:英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
英語中名詞可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞在應(yīng)用時(shí)有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示一個(gè)用單數(shù),表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上用復(fù)數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。
一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 1.一般在名詞詞尾加“-s” map—maps地圖bird—birds鳥
orange—oranges 桔子bike—bikes自行車 2.以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞加“-es” box—boxes盒子class—classes班級(jí)
watch—watches手表dish-dishes盤,碟子,餐具 3.以o結(jié)尾的無生命的名詞后面加“-s” photo—photos相片radio—radios收音機(jī) zoo—zoos動(dòng)物園
以o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞后面加“-es”
tomato—tomatoes西紅柿potato—potatoes土豆 hero—heroes英雄negro—negroes黑人 4.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加“-es” baby—babies嬰兒family—families家庭 以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加“-s” boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具
5.以fe或f結(jié)尾的名詞,把fe或f變?yōu)関加“-es” knife—knives小刀wife—wives妻子 leaf—leaves樹葉
二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化
1.child—childrenfoot—feettooth—teeth mouse—miceman—menwoman—women 注意:與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women,例如:anEnglishman—two Englishmen 但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;Bowman是姓,其復(fù)數(shù)是the Bowmans(鮑曼一家)。
2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞
例如:deer鹿,sheep綿羊,fish魚,Chinese中國人,Japanese日本人
注意:除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如: a dollar—two dollars 3.集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。
例如: people人,police警察,cattle牛等本身就是復(fù)數(shù),不能說 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese等名詞,表示國民總稱時(shí),作復(fù)數(shù)用,例如:
The Chinese are hard-working and brave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
三、以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞 1.maths數(shù)學(xué),politics政治(學(xué)),physics物理學(xué)等學(xué)科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。
2.news消息、新聞,為不可數(shù)名詞。
3.the United States美國,the United Nations聯(lián)合國,應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。
4.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報(bào)紙,雜志名,也視為單數(shù)?!癟he Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。注意:
1.表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses(眼鏡)trousers,clothes若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers 2.還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
第三篇:名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
一.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
kangaroo _______
fish ______
mouse ______
woman _______
potato ______
tomato ______ child _______
sheep ______
wolf ______
knife ______
fly ______
glass ______
box ______
bus _______
elephant________ monkey ______
watch______
horse ______
banana_______
family ______ 二.動(dòng)詞單數(shù)第三人稱變化
work ______
fly ______
teach _______
ride _______
wash ______
mix ______
study _______
sleep _______
have ______
go ______
do _______
say _______ 三.動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)
work ______
dance______
study ______
watch ______
play ______
read ______
buy _______
swim ______
sing ______
say ______
see _______
fly _______
go ______
do _______
come ______
get _______
have _____
take ______
find ______
hear ______
tell ______
run ______
write _______
ride _______
put _____
lose ______
know _______
stand _______
sit ______
cut ______
become _______ hold ______ 四.形容詞變副詞
bad ______
quiet ______
careful _______ strong _______
beautiful ________ noisy ______
happy _______
sad _______
easy _______
angry _______
loud _______
slow _______ 五.動(dòng)詞+ing形式
swim _______
dance _______
read _______
climb _______
watch _______
do ______
come _______
write _______
run ______
study ______
play _______
sit _______ 六.比較級(jí),最高級(jí)
tall _________
strong ________ many _________
good _________
bad _________
big _________
short __________ nice _________
fat __________
quick _________ happy __________
old __________ interesting _____________________ beautiful ______________________
一.名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
kangaroo _______
fish ______
mouse ______
woman _______
potato ______
tomato ______ child _______
sheep ______
wolf ______
knife ______
fly ______
glass ______
box ______
bus _______
elephant________ monkey ______
watch______
horse ______
banana_______
family ______ 一.動(dòng)詞單數(shù)第三人稱變化
work ______
fly ______
teach _______
ride _______
wash ______
mix ______
study _______
sleep _______
have ______
go ______
do _______
say _______ 二.動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)
work ______
dance______
study ______
watch ______
play ______
read ______
buy _______
swim ______
sing ______
say ______
see _______
fly _______
go ______
do _______
come ______
get _______
have _____
take ______
find ______
hear ______
tell ______
run ______
write _______
ride _______
put _____
lose ______
know _______
stand _______
sit ______
cut ______
become _______ hold ______ 三.形容詞變副詞
bad ______
quiet ______
careful _______ strong _______
beautiful ________ noisy ______
happy _______
sad _______
easy _______
angry _______
loud _______
slow _______ 四.動(dòng)詞+ing形式
swim _______
dance _______
read _______
climb _______
watch _______
do ______
come _______
write _______
run ______
study ______
play _______
sit _______ 五.比較級(jí),最高級(jí)
tall _________
strong ________ many _________
good _________
bad _________
big _________
short __________ nice _________
fat __________
quick _________ happy __________
old __________
interesting _____________________ beautiful ______________________
第四篇:英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則
英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則
一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s],結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。
例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。
例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes
三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories
四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes 反例:silo→silos;piano→pianos(外來詞);photo→photos;macro→macros(縮寫詞)
五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。
例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves 反例:roof→roofs
六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
十二、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化:沒有規(guī)律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞: 例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào);phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii 半徑 tooth→teeth;woman→women
十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鮭魚;trout 鱒魚 十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通
十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多
例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀 trousers長褲;wages工資
十八、compound nouns,這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞
例:pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
二十、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞,許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù),特別是一些常用詞如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes
但下面幾類詞只加s:1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos
2.一些外來詞,特別是音樂方面的詞,如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos 有個(gè)別詞加兩種詞尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)
第五篇:英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)及練習(xí)
英語名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則
一、絕大多數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,是在該詞末尾加上后輟-s。讀音變化:結(jié)尾是清輔音讀[s],結(jié)尾是濁輔音或元音讀[z]。
例:friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:統(tǒng)一加讀[iz]。
例:bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes
三、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,將y改變?yōu)閕,再加-es。讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories
四、以-o結(jié)尾的名詞,如果不是外來詞或縮寫,就加-es,否則加-s構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。讀音變化:加讀[z]。
例:tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes 反例:silo→silos;piano→pianos(外來詞);photo→photos;macro→macros(縮寫詞)
五、以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞,多為將-f或-fe改變?yōu)?ves,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[f]改讀[vz]。
例:knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves 反例:roof→roofs
六、以-us結(jié)尾的名詞(多為外來詞),通常將-us改變?yōu)?i構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。
讀音變化:尾音[Es]改讀[ai],其中[kEs]要改讀為[sai],[gEs]要改讀為[dVai]。例:fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
七、以-is結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-is改變?yōu)?es。讀音變化:尾音[is]改讀[i:z]。
例:axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
八、以-ix結(jié)尾的名詞,通常將-ix改變?yōu)?ices,但有例外。讀音變化:尾音[iks]改讀[isi:z]。
例:matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices 反例:affix→affixes
九、以-um結(jié)尾的名詞,將-um改變?yōu)?a。讀音變化:去掉鼻尾音。
例:forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
十、以-a結(jié)尾的名詞,在該詞末尾加上后輟-e。讀音變化:尾音[E]改讀[i:]。
例:larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
十一、部分單詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式不變。讀音變化:保持原音。
例:fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
十二、極少數(shù)單詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)]有任何規(guī)律。讀音變化:沒有規(guī)律。
例:man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen 十三、一些單數(shù)詞得加en才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞: 例:ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren 十四、一些單數(shù)詞得改頭換面一番,才能變成復(fù)數(shù)詞
例:analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基礎(chǔ);datum→data數(shù)據(jù);foot→feet;formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums備忘錄;parenthesis→parentheses 圓括號(hào);phenomenon→phenomena現(xiàn)象;radius→radii 半徑 tooth→teeth;woman→women
十五、有些名詞是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)不分的
例:deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon 鮭魚;trout 鱒魚 十六、一些名詞雖分單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù),但出現(xiàn)次數(shù)多的總是單數(shù)詞
例:abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery機(jī)械;news;scenery風(fēng)景;sugar;traffic交通
十七、另一些名詞則以復(fù)數(shù)詞出現(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)較多
例:bellows風(fēng)箱;clothes;police;shorts短褲;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼鏡;shears大剪刀 trousers長褲;wages工資
十八、compound nouns,這類復(fù)數(shù)詞是以主要的名詞來表示
例:daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳婦;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵艦;maid-servant→maid-servants step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞
例:pair(對(duì),雙);suit(套);a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers
二十、另外還有一些名詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時(shí)可表示特別意思,例:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
二十一、除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:a dollar, two dollars;a meter, two meters 以O(shè)結(jié)尾的詞,許多加es構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù),特別是一些常用詞如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes
但下面幾類詞只加s:1.以“元音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞如:videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos
2.一些外來詞,特別是音樂方面的詞,如:pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos 3.一些縮寫詞和專有名詞,如:kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos 有個(gè)別詞加兩種詞尾都可以,如:archipelago(e)s,halo(e)s,cargoes(英),cargos(美)
名詞由單數(shù)變成復(fù)數(shù)的練習(xí)
寫出下列名詞復(fù)數(shù)
leaf______ puppy_______ box_______ knife_______ fly______ fox______ bus______ bench_____ brush_____ kiss______ church______ dish_____ ruler______ peach________ glass_____ pencil________ boy______ zoo______ man______ roof_______ sheep_______ knife______ lady______ key______ story______ watch______ bamboo______ city______ family______ day_____ apple_______ eraser______ speech______ thief______ mouse______ fish_____ goose____ people ______ ox_____ Chinese _______ deer _______ foot______ child_______ tooth_______ guy________ hero_______ spy______ boss_____ monkey______ city ______ goat ______ radio ________ horse ______ dog ______ 用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空:
1>There are so many________(wolf)in the forest.2>There are three ______(chair)in the classroom.3>These _______(tomato)are red.4>______(hero)are great.5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)6>There are some ______(deer)eating the grass.7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.9>I have a lot of ______(toy)in my bedroom.10>I help my mother wash ______(dish)in the kitchen.11>I have two ______(pencil-box).12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.13>Peter has eight _____(foot).14>Linda has three _______(tooth).15>There are some ______(child)in the garden.16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.18>My uncle and father are _____(man).19>Tom and King are _____(boy).20>Linda has three ______(tooth).選出正確形式
1.I can see three ________ in the zoo.A monkeys
B monkeys
C monkey 2.The pig has four ______.A.foot
B.feet C.foots 3.My two brothers are both ______.A.policeman
B.policemans
C.policemen 4.There are four ___________ in the class.A.Japanese
B.Japaneses
C.Japan 5.I can see ten _____ in the picture.A.sheep
B.dog C.pig 6.The _____ has three______.A.boys, watches
B.boy, watch
C.boy, watches 7.C an you see _______on the plate? A.bread B.breads C.breades 8.The girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth 9.Mr Black often drink some _________.A.milk B.milks C.milkes 10.There are some _____ on the floor.A.child B.water C.books 11._______ will learn English.A.Woman
B.Women C.Man 12.Lucy will show us some new ____ of hers.A.photo B.photos C.photoes 13.I drank two ______.A.bottles of orange B.bottle of orange C.bottles of oranges 14.The cat eats two ______ last night.A.mouses B.mice C.mouse 15.I need a pen and some _____.A.books B.desk C.chair 16 Jim was late for two classes this morning.He said that he forgot both of the ______.A.rooms number
B.Room number C.Room’s number D.Room numbers 17.The newly-built library is a ______ building.A.five-storey
B.five storeys
C.five-storey’s
D.five storeys’ 18.---Whose umbrella is it?
---It’s _______.A.somebody else’s
B.Somebody else C.Somebody’s else’s
D.Somebody’s else 19.I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?
A.temperature of room
B.Room’s temperature
C.Room temperature
D.Temperature of room’s
20._______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A.The Evens B.The Evens’ C.The Evenses D.The Evenses’ 21.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.A.Mary’s sister B.Mary sister’s C.Mary’s sister’s D.sister of Mary’s 22.The woman over there is ______ mother.A.Julia and Shelley’s B.Julia’s and Shelley’s
B.C.Julia and Shelley
D.Julia’s and Shelley 23.He is very tired.He needs ______.A.a night rest B.a rest night C.a night’s rest D.a rest of night
24.---Excuse me,where are _______ offices?
---Over there. A. teacher’s B. teachers’ C. the teacher’s D. the teachers’
25. Today is September 10th.It’s_____ Day.Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teacher B.Teachers’
C.the Teachers’ D.Teacher’s