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機(jī)械論文外文翻譯

時(shí)間:2019-05-14 04:43:32下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
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第一篇:機(jī)械論文外文翻譯

外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯

(2013屆)

譯文一:特殊工藝拋光機(jī)床的研究

學(xué)生姓名

祝彬彬

學(xué)

號(hào)

09143333

工學(xué)院機(jī)電系

業(yè)

機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化

指導(dǎo)教師

婁建國(guó)

完成日期

2013-03-01

特殊工藝拋光機(jī)床的研究

RESEARCH ON POLISHING PROCESS OF A SPECIAL

POLISHING MACHINE TOOL Guilian Wang1,2 and Yiqiang Wang1 1College of Mechanical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China 2College of Mechanical Engineering, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China

介紹

拋光是一個(gè)重要的模具加工過(guò)程。其目的是為了去除輕微劃痕,降低工件表面粗糙度。據(jù)報(bào)道,技術(shù)工人完成制作模型和模型上的工作所花總時(shí)間的37%到50%中使用的都是傳統(tǒng)的技術(shù)。由于現(xiàn)代工業(yè)加工過(guò)程需要更高的精度和生產(chǎn)效率,自動(dòng)化和優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程成為了日益增加的重要任務(wù)。因此,高效率拋光加工和精加工技術(shù)在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里都是很理想的,這也提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率,降低了勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度。

許多用于模具拋光的自動(dòng)拋光機(jī)使用的組合磨料被調(diào)查了。Ahn等人開(kāi)發(fā)了擁有智能拋光系統(tǒng)的五軸拋光機(jī)床,并對(duì)氣動(dòng)拋光頭和拋光條件,比如壓力、進(jìn)給量和刀具庫(kù)進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,使用此智能監(jiān)控,可以可以實(shí)現(xiàn)更快更好的表面加工。Wu等人研究了一個(gè)新的使用彈性球形輪的拋光磨削中心在自由曲面上加工的技術(shù)。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)僅刪除尖的高度,適用于切割過(guò)程中切割位點(diǎn)的保證,有效地保持了切割生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的形狀精度。Furukawa等人研究了一種通過(guò)使用安裝在機(jī)器人手腕上合適的被動(dòng)末端執(zhí)行器的自動(dòng)拋光系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)用于拋光一個(gè)未知的三維表面。

Tsai和Huang提出了一種由五軸機(jī)器人和力量控制機(jī)制組成的自動(dòng)模具拋光系統(tǒng),并制定了有效地自動(dòng)拋光工藝和新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)磨具。Liao等人通過(guò)使用擴(kuò)展檢測(cè)工具整合的壓力傳感器制定了一個(gè)兼容拋光和去毛刺雙重用途的工具頭,并且在打磨面積上所有的的拋光動(dòng)作都可以沿著工件的幾何形狀改變曲率。目前,許多拋光設(shè)備大多數(shù)基于傳統(tǒng)機(jī)床和工業(yè)機(jī)器人。對(duì)于精處理系統(tǒng)組成的工業(yè)機(jī)器人,可以穩(wěn)定的完成對(duì)力量和位置的控制。

然而,它對(duì)的自由面精加工是相對(duì)困難的,比如由計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)字控制機(jī)器加工 的自由面,因?yàn)槠滠壽E誤差較大。由于多樣化和模具表面的不規(guī)則性,拋光工具在加工過(guò)程中必須根據(jù)工件表面形狀改變運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡。此外,對(duì)自由曲面的拋光要求對(duì)拋光力精確控制和高的加工穩(wěn)定性,可有效完成工件表面材料的均勻去除。所以開(kāi)發(fā)一種特殊的拋光設(shè)備是有意義且必須的。

20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),許多研究者制定了并聯(lián)機(jī)制。近幾年,并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)在工業(yè)上去的了廣泛的應(yīng)用。并聯(lián)機(jī)床是基于并行機(jī)制并結(jié)合了機(jī)床、機(jī)器人和數(shù)控技術(shù)的新一代機(jī)械加工設(shè)備,比如并行銑床,鉆床。并聯(lián)機(jī)床擁有高剛度重量比、高響應(yīng)率、高環(huán)境適應(yīng)技術(shù)和高附加價(jià)值等特殊性能。

由于電動(dòng)機(jī)可以安裝在底座上,從而減輕了重量,并聯(lián)機(jī)器人的速度通常比普通的關(guān)節(jié)機(jī)器人快。它們比串行機(jī)器人也更強(qiáng),因?yàn)榻K端控制器可以有更多的鏈接。另一個(gè)好處是,相比串行機(jī)器人將誤差平均,終端控制器的錯(cuò)誤更少。但是大多數(shù)時(shí)候并聯(lián)機(jī)器人的的工作空間有限,例如它們通常不能繞過(guò)障礙到達(dá)目的地。在執(zhí)行中涉及的計(jì)算所需的操作通常也很難,并且有不止一個(gè)的唯一解決方案。

串聯(lián)機(jī)器人擁有更大的工作空間和良好的靈活性等優(yōu)勢(shì)。這些都是并聯(lián)機(jī)床的缺點(diǎn),所以將兩者的配置進(jìn)行組合已經(jīng)被開(kāi)發(fā),它可以擁有雙方的綜合效益。自由曲面拋光可以通過(guò)使用這個(gè)五自由度串并聯(lián)拋光工具實(shí)現(xiàn)。

在這項(xiàng)研究中,一種基于彈性拋光原理的新型串并聯(lián)混合動(dòng)力專用拋光機(jī)被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái),使用限制的磨料,它可以用于拋光模具表面。此彈性拋光工具系統(tǒng)可以通過(guò)氣壓伺服系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行主動(dòng)控制,由彈簧實(shí)現(xiàn)被動(dòng)整合,并且統(tǒng)一的材料去除可以通過(guò)對(duì)切削力和依據(jù)姿態(tài)角檢測(cè)的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的實(shí)時(shí)控制來(lái)達(dá)到。對(duì)表面粗糙度和拋光效率有影響的主要工藝參數(shù)被調(diào)查收集并通過(guò)拋光實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行分析。Taguchi通過(guò)自己和相關(guān)的分析報(bào)告得到優(yōu)化過(guò)程的參數(shù)

串并聯(lián)混合拋光機(jī)床

圖一是串并聯(lián)混合拋光機(jī)床照片(JDYP51型),圖二是本機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖。本機(jī)床主要由并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)三維運(yùn)動(dòng)平臺(tái)和一系列兩自由度旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制組成。并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)由一個(gè)等邊三角形的移動(dòng)平臺(tái)、三個(gè)立柱、三個(gè)鞍座,以及三個(gè)等長(zhǎng)的通過(guò)組合的Hooke接頭連接移動(dòng)平臺(tái)和鞍座的支架組成。鞍座被伺服電機(jī)和滾珠絲杠推動(dòng)。并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)控制拋光工具的空間位置。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié)由一個(gè)可以提供一個(gè)自由度的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)副組成。該串聯(lián)機(jī)械設(shè)備有兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)關(guān)節(jié),使它們分別繞過(guò)水平軸和垂直軸成為可能。串聯(lián)機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)控制拋光工具的姿態(tài)

圖一:串并聯(lián)混合拋光JDYP51型機(jī)床

據(jù)指出,許多彈性拋光工具和靈活的磨具被進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,其目的是為了實(shí)拋光加工過(guò)程中的主動(dòng)控制和被動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)。彈性拋光的定義是這工具系統(tǒng)使用彈性磨具,比如橡膠粘合劑或者樹(shù)脂結(jié)合劑,根據(jù)工件表面形狀它們都是可被控制的,并且工藝參數(shù)也被調(diào)整以實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)一性的材料去除和良好的表面質(zhì)量。這項(xiàng)研究中的最終執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)圖框如圖三所示。從圖三可以看出,該拋光工具由主軸電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng),而拋光力則通過(guò)調(diào)整氣動(dòng)伺服系統(tǒng)的汽缸壓力來(lái)控制;同時(shí)被動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)工件表面形狀的機(jī)構(gòu)是一個(gè)彈簧。統(tǒng)一性的材料去除可以通過(guò)對(duì)拋光力合旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的實(shí)時(shí)控制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。拋光工具和工件的位置關(guān)系在圖四,如下:

Fn=Fs cosα(1)Vs=nrsinα(2)

其中Fs是汽缸軸的軸向力,F(xiàn)n是由拋光工具作用在工件表面正方向的力,Vs是拋光工具在其與工件表面接觸區(qū)域的線速度,n是工具的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度,r是工具半徑,α是定義為外曲面法線和工具桿軸方向的的夾角。

通過(guò)虛擬軸混合機(jī)床與拋光工具系統(tǒng)的結(jié)合,本機(jī)床擁有兩個(gè)平衡部件和串聯(lián)部件,所以它有快速反應(yīng)、短傳播鏈和高環(huán)境適應(yīng)力的優(yōu)勢(shì),它可以提供任何方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)非常適合拋光自由曲面。Yu等人研究了這個(gè)由靈活的多體系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)原理研制的混聯(lián)機(jī)床的動(dòng)態(tài)特性。除了運(yùn)動(dòng)的開(kāi)始時(shí)間,在拋光運(yùn)動(dòng)的各個(gè)時(shí) 期機(jī)器可以保持穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)。此外,本機(jī)床使用的CNC系統(tǒng)是自主開(kāi)發(fā)的基于PMAC(可編程多軸控制器)的并行雙CPU系統(tǒng)。后臺(tái)管理和人機(jī)界面都是由工業(yè)PC實(shí)時(shí)控制,如六軸運(yùn)動(dòng)控制和邏輯I/O信號(hào)控制都是基于PMAC的。

圖二:串并聯(lián)混合拋光機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖 1.柱2.鞍座3.支架4.運(yùn)動(dòng)平臺(tái)5.系列機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu) 6.拋光工具7.工件8.靜平臺(tái)

圖三:拋光機(jī)末端執(zhí)行器 1.伺服電機(jī)2.汽缸連接接頭3.汽缸4.調(diào)心軸承5.馬達(dá)缸6.彈簧7.導(dǎo)柱8.耦合器9.鉗10.主軸

圖四:拋光工具和工件的位置關(guān)系圖

結(jié)論:

在這項(xiàng)研究中,基于彈性拋光原理的串并聯(lián)混合混合拋光機(jī)床已經(jīng)發(fā)展成熟,并且進(jìn)行了一些以分析拋光過(guò)程為目的的平面加工實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文的重點(diǎn)是其應(yīng)用。通過(guò)研究工藝參數(shù)對(duì)表面特性和拋光效率的影響,可以得到加工參數(shù)的最佳組合。主要結(jié)論歸納如下:

1.包含并行機(jī)制的三維移動(dòng)平臺(tái)和串聯(lián)的兩自由度旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)的串并聯(lián)混合機(jī)床,可以為拋光工具提供五自由度的運(yùn)動(dòng)。并聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)控制拋光工具的空間位置,串聯(lián)機(jī)構(gòu)控制拋光工具的姿態(tài)。彈性拋光工具系統(tǒng)可以借由氣動(dòng)伺服控制系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)主動(dòng)控制,由彈簧實(shí)現(xiàn)被動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)。統(tǒng)一性的材料去除可以由對(duì)切削力和根據(jù)姿態(tài)角來(lái)計(jì)算的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的實(shí)時(shí)控制來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。

2.經(jīng)過(guò)拋光實(shí)驗(yàn)證明刀具轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速度、切削力和姿態(tài)角這些是對(duì)拋光效率和表面粗糙度影響很打的主要工藝參數(shù)。增加刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和拋光次數(shù),進(jìn)給速度和姿態(tài)角可以降低表面粗糙度。切削力增加,表面粗糙度降低,但是切削力過(guò)大會(huì)適得其反。拋光效率隨刀具轉(zhuǎn)速和進(jìn)給速度的增加而增加,隨姿態(tài)角和拋光次數(shù)的增加而減小。切削力增加可以提高拋光效率,但是過(guò)大的切削力會(huì)減小效率。3.在本文所給出的條件下,最低表面粗糙度的最佳工藝參數(shù)組合為:工具轉(zhuǎn)速1200r/min,進(jìn)給速度0.2m/min,切削力30N,姿態(tài)角30o,拋光次數(shù)6次;在保證良好的表面粗糙度的前提下提高拋光效率的最佳工藝參數(shù)組合為:工具轉(zhuǎn)速1200r/min,進(jìn)給速度0.6m/min,切削力30N,姿態(tài)角30o,拋光次數(shù)2次。這些結(jié)果為在自由表面拋光加工實(shí)踐中選擇最佳工藝參數(shù)提供了依據(jù)。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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第二篇:機(jī)械臂外文翻譯

機(jī)械手

機(jī)械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種高科技自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。工業(yè)機(jī)械手是工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一個(gè)重要分支。它的特點(diǎn)是可通過(guò)編程來(lái)完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù),在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機(jī)器各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。機(jī)械手作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力,在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展, 出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心,它在減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí), 大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見(jiàn)的上下料工序, 通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動(dòng)化裝置。前者費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工、效率低;后者因設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜, 需較多繼電器,接線繁雜, 易受車體振動(dòng)干擾,而存在可靠性差、故障多、維修困難等問(wèn)題。可編程序控制器PLC控制的上下料機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)便、線路設(shè)計(jì)合理、具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力, 保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性,降低了維修率, 提高了工作效率。機(jī)械手技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,是一門跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)。1.工業(yè)機(jī)械手的概述

機(jī)械手是一種能自動(dòng)化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動(dòng)的多功能機(jī)器,它有多個(gè)自由度,可用來(lái)搬運(yùn)物體以完成在各個(gè)不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低的中國(guó),塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動(dòng)力密集型,機(jī)械手的使用已經(jīng)越來(lái)越普及。那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國(guó)公司很早就在它們?cè)O(shè)在中國(guó)的工廠中引進(jìn)了自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、華東沿海地區(qū)的中國(guó)本土塑料加工廠也開(kāi)始對(duì)機(jī)械手表現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越濃厚的興趣,因?yàn)樗麄円鎸?duì)工人流失率高,以及為工人交工傷費(fèi)帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。

隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展,特別是改革開(kāi)發(fā)以后,自動(dòng)化程度的迅速提高,實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進(jìn)行加工、裝配等作業(yè)自化,已愈來(lái)愈引起我們重視。

機(jī)械手是模仿著人手的部分動(dòng)作,按給定的程序、軌跡和要求實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)抓取、搬運(yùn)或操作的自動(dòng)機(jī)械裝置。

生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化水平和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率;可以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn);尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進(jìn)行正常的工作。2.機(jī)械手的組成

機(jī)械手的形式是多種多樣的,有的較為簡(jiǎn)單,有的較為復(fù)雜,但基本的組成形式是相同的,一般由執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和輔助裝置組成。1.執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)

機(jī)械手的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),由手、手腕、手臂、支柱組成。手是抓取機(jī)構(gòu),用來(lái)夾緊和松開(kāi)工件,與人的手指相仿,能完成人手的類似動(dòng)作。手腕是連接手指與手臂的元件,可以進(jìn)行上下、左右和回轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手可以沒(méi)有手腕。支柱用來(lái)支撐手臂,也可以根據(jù)需要做成移動(dòng)。2.傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)作要由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。常用機(jī)械手傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)分機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、液壓傳動(dòng)、氣壓傳動(dòng)和電力傳動(dòng)等幾種形式。3.控制系統(tǒng)

機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)的主要作用是控制機(jī)械手按一定的程序、方向、位置、速度進(jìn)行動(dòng)作,簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手一般不設(shè)置專用的控制系統(tǒng),只采用行程開(kāi)關(guān)、繼電器、控制閥及電路便可實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制,使執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)按要求進(jìn)行動(dòng)作.動(dòng)作復(fù)雜的機(jī)械手則要采用可編程控制器、微型計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。3.機(jī)械手的分類和特點(diǎn)

機(jī)械手一般分為三類:第一類是不需要人工操作的通用機(jī)械手。它是一種獨(dú)立的不附屬于某一主機(jī)的裝置。它可以根據(jù)任務(wù)的需要編制程序,以完成各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的操作。它的特點(diǎn)是具備普通機(jī)械的性能之外,還具備通用機(jī)械、記憶智能的三元機(jī)械。第二類是需要人工才做的,稱為操作機(jī)。它起源于原子、軍事工業(yè),先是通過(guò)操作機(jī)來(lái)完成特定的作業(yè),后來(lái)發(fā)展到用無(wú)線電訊號(hào)操作機(jī)來(lái)進(jìn)行探測(cè)月球等。工業(yè)中采用的鍛造操作機(jī)也屬于這一范疇。第三類是用專用機(jī)械手,主要附屬于自動(dòng)機(jī)床或自動(dòng)線上,用以解決機(jī)床上下料和工件送。這種機(jī)械手在國(guó)外稱為“Mechanical Hand”,它是為主機(jī)服務(wù)的,由主機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng);除少數(shù)以外,工作程序一般是固定的,因此是專用的。主要特點(diǎn):

(1)機(jī)械手(上下料機(jī)械手、裝配機(jī)械手、搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手、堆垛機(jī)械手、助力機(jī)械手、真空搬運(yùn)機(jī)、真空吸吊機(jī)、省力吊具、氣動(dòng)平衡器等)。

(2)懸臂起重機(jī)(懸臂吊、電動(dòng)環(huán)鏈葫蘆吊、氣動(dòng)平衡吊等)

(3)導(dǎo)軌式搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)(懸掛軌道、輕型軌道、單梁起重機(jī)、雙梁起重機(jī))4.工業(yè)機(jī)械手的應(yīng)用

機(jī)械手是在機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái),隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用,機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門新興技術(shù),它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展,使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。

機(jī)械手雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活,但它具有能不斷重復(fù)工作和勞動(dòng)、不知疲勞、不怕危險(xiǎn)、抓舉重物的力量比人手大等特點(diǎn),因此,機(jī)械手已受到許多部門的重視,并越來(lái)越廣泛地得到了應(yīng)用,例如:

(1)機(jī)床加工工件的裝卸,特別是在自動(dòng)化車床、組合機(jī)床上使用較為普遍。(2)在裝配作業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛,在電子行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)裝配印制電路板,在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)組裝零部件。

(3)可在勞動(dòng)條件差,單調(diào)重復(fù)易子疲勞的工作環(huán)境工作,以代替人的勞動(dòng)。(4)可在危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)合下工作,如軍工品的裝卸、危險(xiǎn)品及有害物的搬運(yùn)等。(5)宇宙及海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)。

(6)軍事工程及生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面的研究和試驗(yàn)。

應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以代替人從事單調(diào)﹑重復(fù)或繁重的體力勞動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化,代替人在有害環(huán)境下的手工操作,改善勞動(dòng)條件,保證人身安全。20世紀(jì)40年代后期,美國(guó)在原子能實(shí)驗(yàn)中,首先采用機(jī)械手搬運(yùn)放射性材料,人在安全室操縱機(jī)械手進(jìn)行各種操作和實(shí)驗(yàn)。50年代以后,機(jī)械手逐步推廣到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門,用于在高溫﹑污染嚴(yán)重的地方取放工件和裝卸材料,也作為機(jī)床的輔助裝置在自動(dòng)機(jī)床﹑自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線和加工中心中應(yīng)用,完成上下料或從刀庫(kù)中取放刀具并按固定程序更換刀具等操作。機(jī)械手主要由手部機(jī)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。手部機(jī)構(gòu)隨使用場(chǎng)合和操作對(duì)象而不同,常見(jiàn)的有夾持﹑托持和吸附等類型。運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)一般由液壓﹑氣動(dòng)﹑電氣裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)。機(jī)械手可獨(dú)立地實(shí)現(xiàn)伸縮﹑旋轉(zhuǎn)和昇降等運(yùn)動(dòng),一般有2~3個(gè)自由度。機(jī)械手廣泛用于機(jī)械製造﹑冶金﹑輕工和原子能等部門。

機(jī)械手是在自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的一種具有抓取和移動(dòng)工件功能的自動(dòng)化裝置,它是在機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái),隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用,機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門新興技術(shù),它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展,使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。機(jī)械手能代替人類完成危險(xiǎn)、重復(fù)枯燥的工作,減輕人類勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力。機(jī)械手越來(lái)越廣泛的得到了應(yīng)用,在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可用于零部件組裝,加工工件的搬運(yùn)、裝卸,特別是在自動(dòng)化數(shù)控機(jī)床、組合機(jī)床上使用更普遍。因此,進(jìn)行機(jī)械手的研究設(shè)計(jì)是非常有意義的。

第三篇:機(jī)械臂的外文文獻(xiàn)以及翻譯

附件1:外文資料翻譯譯文

機(jī)械手

機(jī)械手是近幾十年發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種高科技自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備。工業(yè)機(jī)械手是工業(yè)機(jī)器人的一個(gè)重要分支。它的特點(diǎn)是可通過(guò)編程來(lái)完成各種預(yù)期的作業(yè)任務(wù),在構(gòu)造和性能上兼有人和機(jī)器各自的優(yōu)點(diǎn),尤其體現(xiàn)了人的智能和適應(yīng)性。機(jī)械手作業(yè)的準(zhǔn)確性和各種環(huán)境中完成作業(yè)的能力,在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各領(lǐng)域有著廣闊的發(fā)展前景。隨著工業(yè)自動(dòng)化的發(fā)展, 出現(xiàn)了數(shù)控加工中心,它在減輕工人的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的同時(shí), 大大提高了勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率。但數(shù)控加工中常見(jiàn)的上下料工序, 通常仍采用人工操作或傳統(tǒng)繼電器控制的半自動(dòng)化裝置。前者費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)工、效率低;后者因設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜, 需較多繼電器,接線繁雜, 易受車體振動(dòng)干擾,而存在可靠性差、故障多、維修困難等問(wèn)題。可編程序控制器PLC控制的上下料機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)動(dòng)作簡(jiǎn)便、線路設(shè)計(jì)合理、具有較強(qiáng)的抗干擾能力, 保證了系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行的可靠性,降低了維修率, 提高了工作效率。機(jī)械手技術(shù)涉及到力學(xué)、機(jī)械學(xué)、電氣液壓技術(shù)、自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)、傳感器技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域,是一門跨學(xué)科綜合技術(shù)。

一、工業(yè)機(jī)械手的概述

機(jī)械手是一種能自動(dòng)化定位控制并可重新編程序以變動(dòng)的多功能機(jī)器,它有多個(gè)自由度,可用來(lái)搬運(yùn)物體以完成在各個(gè)不同環(huán)境中工作。在工資水平較低的中國(guó),塑料制品行業(yè)盡管仍屬于勞動(dòng)力密集型,機(jī)械手的使用已經(jīng)越來(lái)越普及。那些電子和汽車業(yè)的歐美跨國(guó)公司很早就在它們?cè)O(shè)在中國(guó)的工廠中引進(jìn)了自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)。但現(xiàn)在的變化是那些分布在工業(yè)密集的華南、華東沿海地區(qū)的中國(guó)本土塑料加工廠也開(kāi)始對(duì)機(jī)械手表現(xiàn)出越來(lái)越濃厚的興趣,因?yàn)樗麄円鎸?duì)工人流失率高,以及為工人交工傷費(fèi)帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)。

隨著我國(guó)工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的飛躍發(fā)展,特別是改革開(kāi)發(fā)以后,自動(dòng)化程度的迅速提高,實(shí)現(xiàn)工件的裝卸、轉(zhuǎn)向、輸送或操作釬焊、噴槍、扳手等工具進(jìn)行加工、裝配等作業(yè)自化,已愈來(lái)愈引起我們重視。

機(jī)械手是模仿著人手的部分動(dòng)作,按給定的程序、軌跡和要求實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)抓取、搬運(yùn)或操作的自動(dòng)機(jī)械裝置。

在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,你是否會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。在機(jī)械工廠里,加工零件裝料的時(shí)候是不是很煩的,勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率不高,生產(chǎn)成本大,有時(shí)候還會(huì)發(fā)生一些人為

事故,導(dǎo)致加工者受傷。想想看用什么可以來(lái)代替呢,加工的時(shí)候只要有幾個(gè)人巡視一下,且可以二十四個(gè)小時(shí)飽和運(yùn)作,人行嗎?回答是肯定的,但是機(jī)械手可以來(lái)代替它。

生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以提高生產(chǎn)的自動(dòng)化水平和勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率;可以減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、實(shí)現(xiàn)安全生產(chǎn);尤其是在高溫、高壓、低溫、低壓、粉塵、易爆、有毒氣體和放射性等惡劣的環(huán)境中能夠代替人進(jìn)行正常的工作。想到這里我就很想設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)機(jī)械手,來(lái)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)際中。

為什么選著設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)械手用氣動(dòng)來(lái)提供動(dòng)力:氣動(dòng)機(jī)械手是指以壓縮空氣為動(dòng)力源驅(qū)動(dòng)的機(jī)械手。用氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng)與其他能源驅(qū)動(dòng)比較有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):1.空氣取之不竭,用過(guò)之后排入大氣,不需要回收和處理,不污染環(huán)境。(環(huán)保的概念)2.空氣的沾性很小,管路中壓力損失也很小(一般氣路阻力損失不到油路的千分之一),便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。3.壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低(一般為4~8公斤/每平方厘米),因此對(duì)動(dòng)元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。4.與液壓傳動(dòng)相比,它的動(dòng)作和反應(yīng)都快,這是氣動(dòng)突出的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。5.空氣介質(zhì)清潔,亦不會(huì)變質(zhì),管路不易堵塞。但是也有它美中不足的地方:1.由于空氣的可壓縮性,致使氣動(dòng)工作的穩(wěn)定性差,因而造成執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)動(dòng)速度和定為精度不易控制。2.由于使用氣壓較低,輸出力不可能太大,為了增加輸出力,必然使整個(gè)氣動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸加大。

用氣壓驅(qū)動(dòng)與用其他能源驅(qū)動(dòng)比較有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):

空氣取之不竭,用過(guò)之后排入大氣,不需回收和處理,不污染環(huán)境。偶然的或少量的泄漏不致對(duì)生產(chǎn)發(fā)生嚴(yán)重的影響。

空氣的粘性很小,管路中壓力損失也就很小,便于遠(yuǎn)距離輸送。

壓縮空氣的工作壓力較低,因此對(duì)氣動(dòng)元件的材質(zhì)和制造精度要求可以降低。一般說(shuō)來(lái),往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)推力在1~2噸以下采用氣動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)性較好。

與液壓傳動(dòng)相比,它的動(dòng)作和反應(yīng)都快,這是氣動(dòng)的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一。空氣介質(zhì)清潔,亦不會(huì)變質(zhì),管路不易堵塞。

它可安全地應(yīng)用在易燃、易爆和粉塵大的場(chǎng)合。又便于實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)載自動(dòng)保護(hù).二﹑機(jī)械手的組成

機(jī)械手的形式是多種多樣的,有的較為簡(jiǎn)單,有的較為復(fù)雜,但基本的組成

形式是相同的,一般由執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)和輔助裝置組成。

1.執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)

機(jī)械手的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu),由手、手腕、手臂、支柱組成。手是抓取機(jī)構(gòu),用來(lái)夾緊和松開(kāi)工件,與人的手指相仿,能完成人手的類似動(dòng)作。手腕是連接手指與手臂的元件,可以進(jìn)行上下、左右和回轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)作。簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手可以沒(méi)有手腕。支柱用來(lái)支撐手臂,也可以根據(jù)需要做成移動(dòng)。

2.傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)

執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)作要由傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。常用機(jī)械手傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)分機(jī)械傳動(dòng)、液壓傳動(dòng)、氣壓傳動(dòng)和電力傳動(dòng)等幾種形式。

3.控制系統(tǒng)

機(jī)械手控制系統(tǒng)的主要作用是控制機(jī)械手按一定的程序、方向、位置、速度進(jìn)行動(dòng)作,簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)械手一般不設(shè)置專用的控制系統(tǒng),只采用行程開(kāi)關(guān)、繼電器、控制閥及電路便可實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的控制,使執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)按要求進(jìn)行動(dòng)作.動(dòng)作復(fù)雜的機(jī)械手則要采用可編程控制器、微型計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)行控制。三﹑ 機(jī)械手的分類和特點(diǎn)

機(jī)械手一般分為三類:第一類是不需要人工操作的通用機(jī)械手。它是一種獨(dú)立的不附屬于某一主機(jī)的裝置。它可以根據(jù)任務(wù)的需要編制程序,以完成各項(xiàng)規(guī)定的操作。它的特點(diǎn)是具備普通機(jī)械的性能之外,還具備通用機(jī)械、記憶智能的三元機(jī)械。第二類是需要人工才做的,稱為操作機(jī)。它起源于原子、軍事工業(yè),先是通過(guò)操作機(jī)來(lái)完成特定的作業(yè),后來(lái)發(fā)展到用無(wú)線電訊號(hào)操作機(jī)來(lái)進(jìn)行探測(cè)月球等。工業(yè)中采用的鍛造操作機(jī)也屬于這一范疇。第三類是用專用機(jī)械手,主要附屬于自動(dòng)機(jī)床或自動(dòng)線上,用以解決機(jī)床上下料和工件送。這種機(jī)械手在國(guó)外稱為“Mechanical Hand”,它是為主機(jī)服務(wù)的,由主機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng);除少數(shù)以外,工作程序一般是固定的,因此是專用的。

主要特點(diǎn):

(1)機(jī)械手(上下料機(jī)械手、裝配機(jī)械手、搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手、堆垛機(jī)械手、助力機(jī)械手、真空搬運(yùn)機(jī)、真空吸吊機(jī)、省力吊具、氣動(dòng)平衡器等)。

(2)懸臂起重機(jī)(懸臂吊、電動(dòng)環(huán)鏈葫蘆吊、氣動(dòng)平衡吊等)

(3)導(dǎo)軌式搬運(yùn)系統(tǒng)(懸掛軌道、輕型軌道、單梁起重機(jī)、雙梁起重機(jī))

(4)工業(yè)機(jī)械手的應(yīng)用

機(jī)械手是在機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái),隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用,機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門新興技術(shù),它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展,使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。

機(jī)械手雖然目前還不如人手那樣靈活,但它具有能不斷重復(fù)工作和勞動(dòng)、不知疲勞、不怕危險(xiǎn)、抓舉重物的力量比人手大等特點(diǎn),因此,機(jī)械手已受到許多部門的重視,并越來(lái)越廣泛地得到了應(yīng)用,例如:

(1)機(jī)床加工工件的裝卸,特別是在自動(dòng)化車床、組合機(jī)床上使用較為普遍。(2)在裝配作業(yè)中應(yīng)用廣泛,在電子行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)裝配印制電路板,在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可以用來(lái)組裝零部件。

(3)可在勞動(dòng)條件差,單調(diào)重復(fù)易子疲勞的工作環(huán)境工作,以代替人的勞動(dòng)。(4)可在危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)合下工作,如軍工品的裝卸、危險(xiǎn)品及有害物的搬運(yùn)等。(5)宇宙及海洋的開(kāi)發(fā)。

(6)軍事工程及生物醫(yī)學(xué)方面的研究和試驗(yàn)。

助力機(jī)械手:又稱平衡器、平衡吊、省力吊具、手動(dòng)移載機(jī)等,是一種無(wú)重力化手動(dòng)承載系統(tǒng),一種新穎的、用于物料搬運(yùn)時(shí)省力化操作的助力設(shè)備,屬于一種非標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)的系列化產(chǎn)品。針對(duì)客戶應(yīng)用需求,量身定制的個(gè)案創(chuàng)作。

一種模擬人手操作的自動(dòng)機(jī)械,它可按固定程序抓取﹑搬運(yùn)物件或操持工具完成某些特定操作。應(yīng)用機(jī)械手可以代替人從事單調(diào)﹑重復(fù)或繁重的體力勞動(dòng),實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化,代替人在有害環(huán)境下的手工操作,改善勞動(dòng)條件,保證人身安全。20世紀(jì)40年代后期,美國(guó)在原子能實(shí)驗(yàn)中,首先采用機(jī)械手搬運(yùn)放射性材料,人在安全室操縱機(jī)械手進(jìn)行各種操作和實(shí)驗(yàn)。50年代以后,機(jī)械手逐步推廣到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)部門,用于在高溫﹑污染嚴(yán)重的地方取放工件和裝卸材料,也作為機(jī)床的輔助裝置在自動(dòng)機(jī)床﹑自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線和加工中心中應(yīng)用,完成上下料或從刀庫(kù)中取放刀具并按固定程序更換刀具等操作。機(jī)械手主要由手部機(jī)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。手部機(jī)構(gòu)隨使用場(chǎng)合和操作對(duì)象而不同,常見(jiàn)的有夾持﹑托持和吸附等類型。運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)一般由液壓﹑氣動(dòng)﹑電氣裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)。機(jī)械手可獨(dú)立地實(shí)現(xiàn)伸縮﹑旋轉(zhuǎn)和昇降等運(yùn)動(dòng),一般有2~3個(gè)自由度。機(jī)械手廣泛用于機(jī)械製造

﹑冶金﹑輕工和原子能等部門。

能模仿人手和臂的某些動(dòng)作功能,用以按固定程序抓取、搬運(yùn)物件或操作工具的自動(dòng)操作裝置。它可代替人的繁重勞動(dòng)以實(shí)現(xiàn)生產(chǎn)的機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化,能在有害環(huán)境下操作以保護(hù)人身安全,因而廣泛應(yīng)用于機(jī)械制造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門。機(jī)械手通常用作機(jī)床或其他機(jī)器的附加裝置,如在自動(dòng)機(jī)床或自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線上裝卸和傳遞工件,在加工中心中更換刀具等,一般沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的控制裝置。有些操作裝置需要由人直接操縱,如用于原子能部門操持危險(xiǎn)物品的主從式操作手也常稱為機(jī)械手。

機(jī)械手主要由手部和運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)組成。手部是用來(lái)抓持工件(或工具)的部件,根據(jù)被抓持物件的形狀、尺寸、重量、材料和作業(yè)要求而有多種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,如夾持型、托持型和吸附型等。運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu),使手部完成各種轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)(擺動(dòng))、移動(dòng)或復(fù)合運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)定的動(dòng)作,改變被抓持物件的位置和姿勢(shì)......機(jī)械手是在自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中使用的一種具有抓取和移動(dòng)工件功能的自動(dòng)化裝置,它是在機(jī)械化、自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型裝置。近年來(lái),隨著電子技術(shù)特別是電子計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛應(yīng)用,機(jī)器人的研制和生產(chǎn)已成為高技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)的一門新興技術(shù),它更加促進(jìn)了機(jī)械手的發(fā)展,使得機(jī)械手能更好地實(shí)現(xiàn)與機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化的有機(jī)結(jié)合。機(jī)械手能代替人類完成危險(xiǎn)、重復(fù)枯燥的工作,減輕人類勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力。機(jī)械手越來(lái)越廣泛的得到了應(yīng)用,在機(jī)械行業(yè)中它可用于零部件組裝,加工工件的搬運(yùn)、裝卸,特別是在自動(dòng)化數(shù)控機(jī)床、組合機(jī)床上使用更普遍。目前,機(jī)械手已發(fā)展成為柔性制造系統(tǒng)FMS和柔性制造單元FMC中一個(gè)重要組成部分。把機(jī)床設(shè)備和機(jī)械手共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)柔性加工系統(tǒng)或柔性制造單元,它適應(yīng)于中、小批量生產(chǎn),可以節(jié)省龐大的工件輸送裝置,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,而且適應(yīng)性很強(qiáng)。當(dāng)工件變更時(shí),柔性生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)很容易改變,有利于企業(yè)不斷更新適銷對(duì)路的品種,提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,更好地適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的需要。而目前我國(guó)的工業(yè)機(jī)器人技術(shù)及其工程應(yīng)用的水平和國(guó)外比還有一定的距離,應(yīng)用規(guī)模和產(chǎn)業(yè)化水平低,機(jī)械手的研究和開(kāi)發(fā)直接影響到我國(guó)自動(dòng)化生產(chǎn)水平的提高,從經(jīng)濟(jì)上、技術(shù)上考慮都是十分必要的。因此,進(jìn)行機(jī)械手的研究設(shè)計(jì)是非常有意義的。

附件2:外文原文

Manipulator

Robot developed in recent decades as high-tech automated production equipment.Industrial robot is an important branch of industrial robots.It features can be programmed to perform tasks in a variety of expectations, in both structure and performance advantages of their own people and machines, in particular, reflects the people's intelligence and adaptability.The accuracy of robot operations and a variety of environments the ability to complete the work in the field of national economy and there are broad prospects for development.With the development of industrial automation, there has been CNC machining center, it is in reducing labor intensity, while greatly improved labor productivity.However, the upper and lower common in CNC machining processes material, usually still use manual or traditional relay-controlled semi-automatic device.The former time-consuming and labor intensive, inefficient;the latter due to design complexity, require more relays, wiring complexity, vulnerability to body vibration interference, while the existence of poor reliability, fault more maintenance problems and other issues.Programmable Logic Controller PLC-controlled robot control system for materials up and down movement is simple, circuit design is reasonable, with a strong anti-jamming capability, ensuring the system's reliability, reduced maintenance rate, and improve work efficiency.Robot technology related to mechanics, mechanics, electrical hydraulic technology, automatic control technology, sensor technology and computer technology and other fields of science, is a cross-disciplinary integrated technology.First, an overview of industrial manipulator Robot is a kind of positioning control can be automated and can be re-programmed to change in multi-functional machine, which has multiple

degrees of freedom can be used to carry an object in order to complete the work in different environments.Low wages in China, plastic products industry, although still a labor-intensive, mechanical hand use has become increasingly popular.Electronics and automotive industries that Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China, the introduction of automated production.But now the changes are those found in industrial-intensive South China, East China's coastal areas, local plastic processing plants have also emerged in mechanical watches began to become increasingly interested in, because they have to face a high turnover rate of workers, as well as for the workers to pay work-related injuries fee challenges.With the rapid development of China's industrial production, especially the reform and opening up after the rapid increase in the degree of automation to achieve the workpiece handling, steering, transmission or operation of brazing, spray gun, wrenches and other tools for processing and assembly operations since, which has more and more attracted our attention.Robot is to imitate the manual part of the action, according to a given program, track and requirements for automatic capture, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical devices.In real life, you will find this a problem.In the machine shop, the processing of parts loading time is not annoying, and labor productivity is not high, the cost of production major, and sometimes man-made incidents will occur, resulting in processing were injured.Think about what could replace it with the processing time of a tour as long as there are a few people, and can operate 24 hours saturated human right? The answer is yes, but the robot can come to replace it.Production of mechanical hand can increase the automation level of production and labor productivity;can reduce labor intensity, ensuring

product quality, to achieve safe production;particularly in the high-temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as poor environment can replace the normal working people.Here I would like to think of designing a robot to be used in actual production.Why would a robot designed to provide a pneumatic power: pneumatic robot refers to the compressed air as power source-driven robot.With pressure-driven and other energy-driven comparison have the following advantages: 1.Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, does not require recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment.(Concept of environmental protection)2.Air stick is small, the pipeline pressure loss is small(typically less than asphalt gas path pressure drop of one-thousandth), to facilitate long-distance transport.3.Compressed air of the working pressure is low(usually 4 to 8 kg / per square centimeter), and therefore moving the material components and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered.4.With the hydraulic transmission, compared to its faster action and reaction, which is one of the advantages pneumatic outstanding.5.The air cleaner media, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline.But there are also places where it fly in the ointment: 1.As the compressibility of air, resulting in poor aerodynamic stability of the work, resulting in the implementing agencies as the precision of the velocity and not easily controlled.2.As the use of low atmospheric pressure, the output power can not be too large;in order to increase the output power is bound to the structure of the entire pneumatic system size increased.With pneumatic drive and compare with other energy sources drive has the following advantages: Air inexhaustible, used later discharged into the atmosphere, without recycling and disposal, do not pollute the environment.Accidental or a

small amount of leakage would not be a serious impact on production.Viscosity of air is small, the pipeline pressure loss also is very small, easy long-distance transport.The lower working pressure of compressed air, pneumatic components and therefore the material and manufacturing accuracy requirements can be lowered.In general, reciprocating thrust in 1 to 2 tons pneumatic economy is better.Compared with the hydraulic transmission, and its faster action and reaction, which is one of the outstanding merits of pneumatic.Clean air medium, it will not degenerate, not easy to plug the pipeline.It can be safely used in flammable, explosive and the dust big occasions.Also easy to realize automatic overload protection.Second, the composition, mechanical hand

Robot in the form of a variety of forms, some relatively simple, some more complicated, but the basic form is the same as the composition of the , Usually by the implementing agencies, transmission systems, control systems and auxiliary devices composed.1.Implementing agencies Manipulator executing agency by the hands, wrists, arms, pillars.Hands are crawling institutions, is used to clamp and release the workpiece, and similar to human fingers, to complete the staffing of similar actions.Wrist and fingers and the arm connecting the components can be up and down, left, and rotary movement.A simple mechanical hand can not wrist.Pillars used to support the arm can also be made mobile as needed.2.Transmission The actuator to be achieved by the transmission system.Sub-transmission system commonly used manipulator mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic and electric power transmission and other drive several forms.3.Control System Manipulator control system's main role is to control the robot according to certain procedures, direction, position, speed of action, a simple mechanical hand is generally not set up a dedicated control system, using only trip switches, relays, control valves and circuits can be achieved dynamic drive system control, so that implementing agencies according to the requirements of action.Action will have to use complex programmable robot controller, the micro-computer control.Three, mechanical hand classification and characteristics

Robots are generally divided into three categories: the first is the general machinery does not require manual hand.It is an independent not affiliated with a particular host device.It can be programmed according to the needs of the task to complete the operation of the provisions.It is characterized with ordinary mechanical performance, also has general machinery, memory, intelligence ternary machinery.The second category is the need to manually do it, called the operation of aircraft.It originated in the atom, military industry, first through the operation of machines to complete a particular job, and later developed to operate using radio signals to carry out detecting machines such as the Moon.Used in industrial manipulator also fall into this category.The third category is dedicated manipulator, the main subsidiary of the automatic machines or automatic lines, to solve the machine up and down the workpiece material and delivery.This mechanical hand in foreign countries known as the “Mechanical Hand”, which is the host of services, from the host-driven;exception of a few outside the working procedures are generally fixed, and therefore special.Main features: First, mechanical hand(the upper and lower material robot, assembly robot, handling robot, stacking robot, help robot, vacuum handling machines, vacuum suction crane, labor-saving spreader, pneumatic balancer, etc.).Second, cantilever cranes(cantilever crane, electric chain hoist crane, air balance the hanging, etc.)Third, rail-type transport system(hanging rail, light rail, single girder cranes, double-beam crane)Four, industrial machinery, application of hand Manipulator in the mechanization and automation of the production process developed a new type of device.In recent years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.Although the robot is not as flexible as staff, but it has to the continuous duplication of work and labor, I do not know fatigue, not afraid of danger, the power snatch weight characteristics when compared with manual large, therefore, mechanical hand has been of great importance to many sectors, and increasingly has been applied widely, for example:(1)Machining the workpiece loading and unloading, especially in the automatic lathe, combination machine tool use is more common.(2)In the assembly operations are widely used in the electronics industry, it can be used to assemble printed circuit boards, in the machinery industry It can be used to assemble parts and components.(3)The working conditions may be poor, monotonous, repetitive easy to sub-fatigue working environment to replace human labor.(4)May be in dangerous situations, such as military goods handling,dangerous goods and hazardous materials removal and so on.(5)Universe and ocean development.(6), military engineering and biomedical research and testing.Help mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, labor-saving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, time-saving technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of non-standard design of series products.Customer application needs, creating customized cases.Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws ﹑ handling objects or perform household tools to accomplish certain specific actions.Application of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous ﹑ repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety.The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation.50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the completion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation.Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions.Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping ﹑ support and adsorption type of care.Movement organs are generally hydraulic pneumatic ﹑ ﹑ electrical device drivers.Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable ﹑ rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom.Robots are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors.Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixed procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device.It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors.Mechanical hand tools or other equipment commonly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers, etc.generally do not have a separate control device.Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans;such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the master-slave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand.Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions.Task of hand is holding the workpiece(or tool)components, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorption-based care such as holding.Sports organizations, so that the completion of a variety of hand rotation(swing), mobile or compound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture.Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of device.In recent

years, as electronic technology, especially computer extensive use of robot development and production of high-tech fields has become a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the combination of mechanization and automation.Robot can replace humans completed the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity.Manipulator has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more commonly used.At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important component of the FMC.The machine tool equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, compact, and adaptable.When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market competition.At present, China's industrial robot technology and its engineering application level and comparable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary.Therefore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.

第四篇:外文翻譯

當(dāng)今時(shí)代是一個(gè)自動(dòng)化時(shí)代,交通燈控制等很多行業(yè)的設(shè)備都與計(jì)算機(jī)密切相關(guān)。因此,一個(gè)好的交通燈控制系統(tǒng),將給道路擁擠,違章控制等方面給予技術(shù)革新。隨著大規(guī)模集成電路及計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,以及人工智能在控制技術(shù)方面的廣泛運(yùn)用,智能設(shè)備有了很大的發(fā)展,是現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展的主流方向。本文介紹了一個(gè)智能交通的系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)。該智能交通燈控制系統(tǒng)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能有:對(duì)某市區(qū)的四個(gè)主要交通路口進(jìn)行控制:個(gè)路口有固定的工作周期,并且在道路擁擠時(shí)中控制中心能改變其周期:對(duì)路口違章的機(jī)動(dòng)車能夠即時(shí)拍照,并提取車牌號(hào)。在世界范圍內(nèi),一個(gè)以微電子技術(shù),計(jì)算機(jī)和通信技術(shù)為先導(dǎo)的,一信息技術(shù)和信息產(chǎn)業(yè)為中心的信息革命方興未艾。而計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)怎樣 與實(shí)際應(yīng)用更有效的結(jié)合并有效的發(fā)揮其作用是科學(xué)界最熱門的話題,也是當(dāng)今計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用中空前活躍的領(lǐng)域。本文主要從單片機(jī)的應(yīng)用上來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)十字路口交通燈智能化的管理,用以控制過(guò)往車輛的正常運(yùn)作。

研究交通的目的是為了優(yōu)化運(yùn)輸,人流以及貨流。由于道路使用者的不斷增加,現(xiàn)有資源和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施有限,智能交通控制將成為一個(gè)非常重要的課題。但是,智能交通控制的應(yīng)用還存在局限性。例如避免交通擁堵被認(rèn)為是對(duì)環(huán)境和經(jīng)濟(jì)都有利的,但改善交通流也可能導(dǎo)致需求增加。交通仿真有幾個(gè)不同的模型。在研究中,我們著重于微觀模型,該模型能模仿單獨(dú)車輛的行為,從而模仿動(dòng)態(tài)的車輛組。

由于低效率的交通控制,汽車在城市交通中都經(jīng)歷過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的行進(jìn)。采用先進(jìn)的傳感器和智能優(yōu)化算法來(lái)優(yōu)化交通燈控制系統(tǒng),將會(huì)是非常有益的。優(yōu)化交通燈開(kāi)關(guān),增加道路容量和流量,可以防止交通堵塞,交通信號(hào)燈控制是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的優(yōu)化問(wèn)題和幾種智能算法的融合,如模糊邏輯,進(jìn)化算法,和聚類算法已經(jīng)在使用,試圖解決這一問(wèn)題,本文提出一種基于多代理聚類算法控制交通信號(hào)燈。

在我們的方法中,聚類算法與道路使用者的價(jià)值函數(shù)是用來(lái)確定每個(gè)交通燈的最優(yōu)決策的,這項(xiàng)決定是基于所有道路使用者站在交通路口累積投票,通過(guò)估計(jì)每輛車的好處(或收益)來(lái)確定綠燈時(shí)間增益值與總時(shí)間是有差異的,它希望在它往返的時(shí)候等待,如果燈是紅色,或者燈是綠色。等待,直到車輛到達(dá)目的地,通過(guò)有聚類算法的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,最后經(jīng)過(guò)監(jiān)測(cè)車的監(jiān)測(cè)。

我們對(duì)自己的聚類算法模型和其它使用綠燈模擬器的系統(tǒng)做了比較。綠燈模擬器是一個(gè)交通模擬器,監(jiān)控交通流量統(tǒng)計(jì),如平均等待時(shí)間,并測(cè)試不同的交通燈控制器。結(jié)果表明,在擁擠的交通條件下,聚類控制器性能優(yōu)于其它所有測(cè)試的非自適應(yīng)控制器,我們也測(cè)試?yán)碚撋系钠骄却龝r(shí)間,用以選擇車輛通過(guò)市區(qū)的道路,并表明,道路使用者采用合作學(xué)習(xí)的方法可避免交通瓶頸。

本文安排如下:第2部分?jǐn)⑹鋈绾谓⒔煌P停A(yù)測(cè)交通情況和控制交通。第3部分是就相關(guān)問(wèn)題得出結(jié)論。第4部分說(shuō)明了現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)一步研究的事實(shí),并介紹了我們的新思想。

The times is a automation times nowadays,traffic light waits for much the industey equipment to go hand in hand with the computer under the control of.Therefore,a good traffic light controls system,will give road aspect such as being crowded,controlling against rules to give a technical improvement.With the fact that the large-scale integrated circuit and the computer art promptness develop,as well as artificial intelligence broad in the field of control technique applies,intelligence equipment has had very big development,the main current being that modern science and technology develops direction.The main body of a book is designed having introduccd a intelligence traffic light systematically.The function being intelligence traffic light navar’s turn to be able to come true has:The crossing carries out supervisory control on four main traffic of some downtown area;Every crossing has the fixed duty period,charges centrefor being able to change it’s period and in depending on a road when being crowded;The motro vehicle breaking rules and regulations to the crossing is able to take a photo immediately,abstracts and the vehicle shop sign.Within world range ,one uses the microelectronics technology,the computer and the technology communicating by letter are a guide’s,centering on IT and IT industry information revolution is in the ascendant.But,how,computer art applies more effective union and there is an effect’s brought it’s effect into play with reality is the most popular topic of scientific community,is also that computer applications is hit by the unparalleled active field nowadays.The main body of a book is applied up mainly from slicing machine’s only realizing intellectualized administration of crossroads traffic light,use operation in controlling the vehicular traffic regularity.Transportation research has the goal to optimize transportation flow of people and goods.As the number of road users constantly increases, and resources provided by current infras-tructures are limited, intelligent control of traffic will become a very important issue in thefuture.However, some limitations to the usage of intelligent tra?c control exist.Avoidingtraffic jams for example is thought to be beneficial to both environment and economy, butimproved traffic-flow may also lead to an increase in demand [Levinson, 2003].There are several models for traffic simulation.In our research we focus on microscopicmodels that model the behavior of individual vehicles, and thereby can simulate dynam-ics of groups of vehicles.Research has shown that such models yield realistic behavior[Nagel and Schreckenberg, 1992, Wahle and Schreckenberg, 2001].Cars in urban traffic can experience long travel times due to inefficient traffic light con-trol.Optimal control of traffic lights using sophisticated sensors and intelligent optimizationalgorithms might therefore bevery beneficial.Optimization of traffic light switching increasesroad capacity and traffic flow, and can prevent tra?c congestions.Traffic light control is acomplex optimization problem and several intelligent algorithms, such as fuzzy logic, evo-lutionary algorithms, and reinforcement learning(RL)have already been used in attemptsto solve it.In this paper we describe a model-based, multi-agent reinforcement learningalgorithm for controlling traffic lights.In our approach, reinforcement learning [Sutton and Barto, 1998, Kaelbling et al., 1996]with road-user-based value functions [Wiering, 2000] is used to determine optimal decisionsfor each traffic light.The decision is based on a cumulative vote of all road users standingfor a traffic junction, where each car votes using its estimated advantage(or gain)of settingits light to green.The gain-value is the difference between the total time it expects to waitduring the rest of its trip if the light for which it is currently standing is red, and if it is green.The waiting time until cars arrive at their destination is estimated by monitoring cars flowingthrough the infrastructure and using reinforcement learning(RL)algorithms.We compare the performance of our model-based RL method to that of other controllersusing the Green Light District simulator(GLD).GLD is a traffic simulator that allows usto design arbitrary infrastructures and traffic patterns, monitor traffic flow statistics such asaverage waiting times, and test different traffic light controllers.The experimental resultsshow that in crowded traffic, the RL controllers outperform all other tested non-adaptivecontrollers.We also test the use of the learned average waiting times for choosing routes of cars through the city(co-learning), and show that by using co-learning road users can avoidbottlenecks.

第五篇:外文翻譯

設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)位于十字路口的智能交通燈控制系統(tǒng)

摘要:本文模型使用模糊本體的交通燈控制域,并把它應(yīng)用到控制孤立十字路口。本文最重要的目的之一是提出一個(gè)獨(dú)立的可重復(fù)使用的交通燈控制模塊。通過(guò)這種方式,增加軟件的獨(dú)立性和為其他的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)活動(dòng)如測(cè)試和維護(hù),提供了便利。專家對(duì)本體論進(jìn)行手動(dòng)的開(kāi)發(fā)和評(píng)估。此外,交通數(shù)據(jù)提取和分類路口使用的人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的圖像處理算法。根據(jù)預(yù)定義的XML架構(gòu),這種信息轉(zhuǎn)化為XML實(shí)例映射到適合使用模糊推理引擎的模糊規(guī)則的模糊本體。把本系統(tǒng)的性能與其他類似的系統(tǒng)性能進(jìn)行比較。比較結(jié)果顯示:在所有的交通條件下,在每個(gè)周期中,對(duì)每輛車它有低得多的平均延遲時(shí)間與其他的控制系統(tǒng)相比。

關(guān)鍵詞:模糊本體,智能代理,智能交通系統(tǒng)(ITS),交通信號(hào)燈控制(TLC),孤立的十字路口,圖像處理,人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

1.引言

作為城市交通增加的結(jié)果,道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能力有限和發(fā)展交通工具和方法的技術(shù)方面,許多實(shí)體,關(guān)系,情況和規(guī)則已經(jīng)進(jìn)入交通燈控制域和轉(zhuǎn)化成為一個(gè)知識(shí)領(lǐng)域。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的建模知識(shí)幫助交通代理和應(yīng)用有效地管理關(guān)于實(shí)時(shí)條件下的交通。全面知識(shí)建模領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)最合適的方法是使用本體概念。“本體論是一個(gè)正式的、明確的一個(gè)共享的概念化的規(guī)范。以前的模型是基本的本體建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ),為下列建立一個(gè)共享的語(yǔ)義豐富的知識(shí)域。除了本體作為概念化的形式主義的重要性,它有可能超過(guò)所代表的數(shù)據(jù)。這種能力將提高有關(guān)性能的決定和其他非智能系統(tǒng)的功能特點(diǎn)。在近年來(lái),本體論上的研究正成為一個(gè)新的熱點(diǎn)話題在不同的活動(dòng),如人工智能,知識(shí)管理,語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò),電子商務(wù)和幾個(gè)其他應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。這些領(lǐng)域之一是智能交通系統(tǒng)。一些努力已制成這個(gè)通過(guò)展示和使用本體檢測(cè)交通領(lǐng)域擁塞,管理非城市道路氣象事件,駕駛阿德福—索里系統(tǒng),共享和整合一個(gè)智能交通系統(tǒng)。本文的目的是介紹一個(gè)紅綠燈有效控制孤立交叉口這方面的知識(shí)重用的控制本體。這種新的辦法適用于智能代理使用知識(shí)決策模糊。該系統(tǒng)采用的圖像來(lái)自安裝了監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)拍攝的路口。這些圖像處理利用圖像處理算法和神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法,然后發(fā)送到一個(gè)智能代理。第2節(jié)中,我們將簡(jiǎn)要地解釋了在這項(xiàng)工作中運(yùn)用的技術(shù)包括seman-TIC網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),智能代理技術(shù)和交通的回地面光控制方法。在第3節(jié),新的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)是基于分層語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)架構(gòu)。第4節(jié)介紹交通燈控制的模糊本體的建設(shè)。第五節(jié)從路口提取的圖像信息解釋。在第6節(jié),智能系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)作被完整描述,最后在第7節(jié)對(duì)所提出的方法進(jìn)行評(píng)估,對(duì)結(jié)論進(jìn)行闡述。

2.背景

本節(jié)說(shuō)明在這項(xiàng)工作中的應(yīng)用技術(shù)包括語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),特別本體和模糊本體。此外,國(guó)家的交通燈控制的藝術(shù)方法是簡(jiǎn)要介紹。2.1.語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)被定義為當(dāng)前Wed的延伸,這些網(wǎng)站的信息都給出明確的含義;使電腦與人更好的合作。有幾層語(yǔ)義Web的建議源自伯納斯滯后階段。在此類別中的所有規(guī)則如表1所示。圖.4顯示輸出模式的示意圖。本次評(píng)選有助于智能系統(tǒng),以確定下一步的階段測(cè)序。

另一種模糊的規(guī)則類別涉及估計(jì)優(yōu)化周期時(shí)間。這些規(guī)則的模糊變量是天氣條件,時(shí)間,每天平均車輛擁堵情況。出于這個(gè)原因,60個(gè)模糊規(guī)則被定義了。從氣象研究所取得氣象條件。日期和時(shí)間也是在交通專家的知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上以模糊變量形式預(yù)先定義的。圖5顯示日期,時(shí)間和周期時(shí)間的隸屬函數(shù)。當(dāng)天的參數(shù)是在日歷基礎(chǔ)上基于假期和正常的一天與周期時(shí)間量的關(guān)系預(yù)定義的。例如,假期期間的周期時(shí)間是較平日少。因此,平日的隸屬度比假期多。

例如一個(gè)階段選型的模糊規(guī)則如下所述:“如果一個(gè)路口的類型是四的方式,平均車輛擁堵低,平均行人擁堵是中等,然后相類型是簡(jiǎn)單的兩階段”。此外,為周期時(shí)間估計(jì)的模糊規(guī)則表示如下:“如果天氣條件是晴天,時(shí)間是早晨,天是正常的,平均車輛擁堵是低,則周期時(shí)間短”。在此類別中的所有規(guī)則都列在附錄A。

在此步驟結(jié)束時(shí),應(yīng)該對(duì)交通燈邏輯控制的項(xiàng)目的有效性進(jìn)行評(píng)估。此功能是使用專家的意見(jiàn)。評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程的主要目的是顯示發(fā)展的本體和其相關(guān)的軟件環(huán)境的用處。雖然所有的信息,尤其是交通燈控制規(guī)則已提取國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和科學(xué)交通文學(xué),專家的知識(shí)優(yōu)勢(shì)是他們最后的正確性驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所有模糊規(guī)則,包括優(yōu)化周期時(shí)間和相位類型的規(guī)則,在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,準(zhǔn)備以調(diào)查問(wèn)卷形式和展現(xiàn)給一些專家包括從德黑蘭警察局交通上校和兩名來(lái)自德黑蘭的交通組織工程師。由于德?tīng)柗茖<业囊庖?jiàn),約有84%的淘汰型規(guī)則和優(yōu)化周期時(shí)間的87%被接受。此外,所有交通邏輯控制的元素包括概念,關(guān)系,屬性和公理都被這些專家進(jìn)行了評(píng)估和驗(yàn)證。我們?cè)u(píng)估邏輯交通控制是基于理論知識(shí)的。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行了兩項(xiàng)活動(dòng),包括檢查的要求和能力的問(wèn)題,并在目標(biāo)應(yīng)用環(huán)境測(cè)試本體。由于邏輯交通控制已建成的基礎(chǔ)上,如指定要求優(yōu)化循環(huán)時(shí)間,逐步淘汰型,交通的移動(dòng)和優(yōu)化綠燈時(shí)間,每個(gè)階段的序列中,第一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)是最好的結(jié)果。邏輯交通控制滿足所有的交通燈控制的需求,并能回答的能力問(wèn)題。績(jī)效評(píng)估機(jī)制,可以支持這種說(shuō)法。在部分實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果我們驗(yàn)證了這一過(guò)程。

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