第一篇：新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊Unit1-5譯文

新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊Unit1-5課文翻譯

Unit 1 Section A

注重時間的美國人

美國人認為沒有人能停止不前。如果你不求進取，你就會落伍。這種態(tài)度造就了一個投身于研究、實驗和探索的民族。時間是美國人注意節(jié)約的兩個要素之一，另一要素是勞力。人們一直說：“只有時間才能支配我們。”人們似乎把時間當(dāng)作一個差不多是實實在在的東西來對待。我們安排時間、節(jié)約時間、浪費時間、擠搶時間、消磨時間、縮減時間、對時間的利用作出解釋；我們還要因付出時間而收取費用。時間是一種寶貴的資源，許多人都深感人生的短暫。時光一去不復(fù)返。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓每一分鐘都過得有意義。

外國人對美國的第一印象很可能是：每個人都匆匆忙忙──常常處于壓力之下。城里人看上去總是在匆匆地趕往他們要去的地方，在商店里他們焦躁不安地指望店員能馬上來為他們服務(wù)，或者為了趕快買完東西，用肘來推搡他人。白天吃飯時人們也都匆匆忙忙，這部分地反映出這個國家的生活節(jié)奏。人們認為工作時間是寶貴的。在公共用餐場所，人們都等著別人盡快吃完，以便他們也能及時用餐，你還會發(fā)現(xiàn)司機開車很魯莽，人們推搡著在你身邊過去。你會懷念微笑、簡短的交談以及與陌生人的隨意閑聊。不要覺得這是針對你個人的，這是因為人們都非常珍惜時間，而且也不喜歡他人“浪費”時間到不恰當(dāng)?shù)牡夭健?/p>

許多剛到美國的人會懷念諸如商務(wù)拜訪等場合開始時的寒暄。他們也會懷念那種一邊喝茶或喝咖啡一邊進行的禮節(jié)性交流，這也許是他們自己國家的一種習(xí)俗。他們也許還會懷念在飯店或咖啡館里談生意時的那種輕松悠閑的交談。一般說來，美國人是不會在如此輕松的環(huán)境里通過長時間的閑聊來評價他們的客人的，更不用說會在增進相互間信任的過程中帶他們出去吃飯，或帶他們?nèi)ゴ蚋郀柗蚯?。既然我們通常是通過工作而不是社交來評估和了解他人，我們就開門見山地談?wù)?。因此，時間老是在我們心中滴滴答答地響著。

因此，我們千方百計地節(jié)約時間。我們發(fā)明了一系列節(jié)省勞力的裝置；我們通過發(fā)傳真、打電話或發(fā)電子郵件與他人迅速地進行交流，而不是通過直接接觸。雖然面對面接觸令人愉快，但卻要花更多的時間，尤其是在馬路上交通擁擠的時候。因此，我們把大多數(shù)個人拜訪安排在下班以后的時間里或周末的社交聚會上。

就我們而言，電子交流的缺乏人情味與我們手頭上事情的重要性之間很少有或完全沒有關(guān)系。在有些國家，如果沒有目光接觸，就做不成大生意，這需要面對面的交談。在美國，最后協(xié)議通常也需要本人簽字。然而現(xiàn)在人們越來越多地在電視屏幕上見面，開遠程會議不僅能解決本國的問題，而且還能通過衛(wèi)星解決國際問題。

美國無疑是一個電話王國。幾乎每個人都在用電話做生意、與朋友聊天、安排或取消社交約會、表達謝意、購物和獲得各種信息。電話不但能免去走路之勞，而且還能節(jié)約大量時間。其部分原因在于這樣一個事實：美國的電話服務(wù)是一流的，而郵政服務(wù)的效率則差一些。

有些初來美國的人來自文化背景不同的其他國家，在他們的國家，人們認為工作太快是一種失禮。在他們看來，如果不花一定時間來處理某件事的話，那么這件事就好像是無足輕重的，不值得給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹匾暋Ｒ虼?，人們覺得用的時間長會增加所做事情的重要性。但在美國，能迅速而又成功地解決問題或完成工作則被視為是有水平、有能力的標(biāo)志。通常情況下，工作越重要，投入的資金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作開展起來”。Section B 文化沖擊

你認為在異國留學(xué)是一件聽上去非常令人興奮的事情嗎？你會像許多離家去另一個國家學(xué)習(xí)的年輕人一樣感覺很有趣嗎？這當(dāng)然是一種嶄新的經(jīng)歷，它會給你帶來機會，讓你發(fā)現(xiàn)許多迷人的東西，獲得一種自由感。然而，盡管有這些好處，你也會遇到挑戰(zhàn)。因為你的觀點可能會與存在于不同國家的不同信念、準(zhǔn)則、價值觀念和傳統(tǒng)發(fā)生沖突。你也許會感到很難去適應(yīng)一種新的文化以及該文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。這就是“文化沖擊”。人們經(jīng)歷文化沖擊的過程至少包括四個主要階段。

第一階段叫做“蜜月期”。在這一階段，你會感到生活在一個不同國度里很興奮，而且每一樣?xùn)|西看上去都妙不可言。你什么都喜歡，而且好像每個人都對你很好。

另外，新的文化中的生活樂趣好像是無窮無盡的。

然而，文化沖擊的第二階段終究會出現(xiàn)，這就是“敵對期”。你開始注意到并不是每樣?xùn)|西都像你原先認為的那樣好。你會對新的文化里的許多東西感到厭倦。此外，人們也不再把你當(dāng)作一個客人來對待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的東西現(xiàn)在變得讓人討厭了，而且每一樣?xùn)|西都使你感到苦惱和厭倦。

通常，在你適應(yīng)一種新文化的這一階段中，你會想出一些防衛(wèi)性的辦法來幫助你應(yīng)付難關(guān)，保護自己免受文化沖擊的影響。其中一種辦法叫做“壓抑法”。當(dāng)你假裝所有的東西都可以接受，沒有什么東西令你感到煩惱的時候，你就是在運用壓抑法。另一種防衛(wèi)性辦法稱做“倒退法”。當(dāng)你的行為舉止開始顯得比你實際年齡要小的時候，你就是在運用這種辦法。這時，你的行為舉止像一個小孩。你把什么都忘掉了，而且有時你會變得粗心大意，不負責(zé)任。第三種防衛(wèi)性辦法叫做“孤立法”。你寧可一個人呆在家里，不想和任何人交流。你想把自己封閉起來以避免文化沖擊的影響，至少你是這樣認為的。孤立法也許是人們用來對付文化沖擊的最糟糕的辦法之一，因為你把那些能真正幫助你的東西和你隔離開來了。最后一種防衛(wèi)性辦法叫做“排斥法”。這一辦法讓你覺得自己不需要任何人幫助。你覺得你可以獨自把事情處理好，所以你就不想求助于人。

你在敵意階段使用的這些辦法并不能解決問題。如果你僅僅是偶爾運用一下其中一個應(yīng)付辦法來幫助你生存下去，這也無妨。但是你必須謹慎。這些辦法可能會真的使你受到傷害，因為它們會阻礙你對新的文化作出必要的調(diào)整。

在克服了自己的敵對情緒后，你就會開始認識到文化沖擊的短暫性。然后你就會步入被稱為“恢復(fù)期”的第三階段。在這個階段，你開始變得積極起來，而且你會努力去理解所有你不理解的東西。整個形勢開始變得對你有利了，你會從前面兩個階段出現(xiàn)的癥狀中恢復(fù)過來。而且你開始使自己適應(yīng)新的準(zhǔn)則、新的價值觀念，乃至這個新的國家的各種信念和傳統(tǒng)。你開始明白，雖然這種新的文化的特點和你自己國家的文化特點有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你學(xué)習(xí)和欣賞的東西。

文化沖擊的最后一個階段被稱為“適應(yīng)期”。在這個階段，你真正達到了感覺良好的境界，因為你已經(jīng)學(xué)到了很多東西，已經(jīng)能理解這種新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的東西，現(xiàn)在已成了你能理解的東西。這種理解會減輕你的許多壓力?，F(xiàn)在你感到自在了，你已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了新的文化。

文化沖擊是生活在異國他鄉(xiāng)的人無法避免的東西。當(dāng)你在經(jīng)歷文化沖擊的這四個階段時，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而，當(dāng)你完全適應(yīng)了某一種新的文化時，你會更加充分地喜愛這種文化的。你學(xué)會了如何和他人交流，而且還了解了不同文化背景下人們的大量生活情況。此外，了解其他各種文化，以及懂得當(dāng)你身處其中時如何去適應(yīng)所受到的沖擊，可以幫助你更好地了解自己。

Unit 2 Section A 學(xué)習(xí)奧林匹克愛的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

尼克萊·彼得羅維奇·安尼金一點都不像我想象的那么嚇人。不，他不可能是我父親特地送我來見的那位前蘇聯(lián)教練。

可他的確是尼克萊·彼得羅維奇·安尼金本人。他請我進門，在沙發(fā)上坐下，又拍了拍身邊的墊子，讓我坐在他旁邊。在他面前，我真的很緊張。

“你還年輕，”他的英語帶著俄語口音：“如果你愿意試著向奧林匹克運動會進軍，我想你能行。長野奧運會來不及參加了，但你可以準(zhǔn)備參加2002年鹽湖城奧運會?！?/p>

“完全可以，不是嗎？”看到我臉上驚愕的表情，他又說道。我那時是一個很有前途的業(yè)余滑雪運動員，但在國內(nèi)決不是頂尖選手?！爱?dāng)然，你需要進行很多艱苦的訓(xùn)練，你會哭鼻子，但你一定會進步的?！? 的確，后來我經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)痛苦的訓(xùn)練，還為此流了不少眼淚。但在后來的五年里，我總能從尼克萊講的有趣故事和他的幽默感中得到鼓勵。

他開始總是說：“我的朋友們常去看電影，去跳舞，去和女孩子約會，”然后他會壓低嗓門接著說：“我就在運動場上訓(xùn)練、訓(xùn)練、再訓(xùn)練。第二年，我的15公里滑雪比賽成績縮短了1.5分鐘?！?/p>

“朋友們問我：‘尼克萊，你怎么做到的呢？’我回答：‘你們?nèi)タ措娪?、跳舞、和女孩子約會，而我一直在訓(xùn)練、訓(xùn)練、再訓(xùn)練?！?/p>

故事通常到這兒就結(jié)束了。但有一次──后來我們知道那天是他結(jié)婚25周年紀(jì)念日──他穿著一件舊的毛衣，很自豪地站著，微笑著輕聲說道：“告訴你們，我可是在26歲那年才第一次親吻女孩子。她后來就和我結(jié)了婚?！?/p>

不管他是不是懂得浪漫，尼克萊知道什么是愛。他以一貫的幽默、默默的感恩、敏銳的感覺和真誠的態(tài)度為愛設(shè)立了奧林匹克般的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。即使在我結(jié)束了滑雪生涯之后，我仍一直努力去達到那個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

但他又從不嬌慣我。二月里的一天，我頭很疼，感到十分疲倦。

我在一片空地上遇見了他，在寒風(fēng)中的雪地里滑了大概十五分鐘后，我趕上了他，有點小題大做地說：“嘿，尼克萊，我感覺我要死了?！?/p>

“如果活到一百歲，人人都會死的，”他對我的痛苦無動于衷，態(tài)度堅決地接著說：“但你現(xiàn)在必須滑、滑、再滑?！?/p>

在滑雪板上，我照他說的去做。但在其他事情上我會反抗他。在一次經(jīng)費并不寬裕的滑雪露營活動中，他讓我們十個人擠在一個單身漢住的芬蘭式屋子里。第一天我們醒來時發(fā)現(xiàn)尼克萊正在做早餐。然后我們坐在臨時拼湊起來的椅子上，圍著張小小的牌桌，用勺子很快地吃完早飯。吃完后，尼克萊把摞起來的油膩膩的碗向我和我唯一的另一個女隊友前一推，武斷地說：“女孩子們，現(xiàn)在去洗碗吧！”

我把餐巾往地上一扔，向他罵道：“讓該死的男孩子們?nèi)ハ窗?！這不公平！”他沒再讓我去洗碗，也沒對我的大發(fā)脾氣顯得太在意。他只在滑雪時才顯露出強烈的情感。

訓(xùn)練的時候，他會歲著我們邁步的節(jié)奏大聲發(fā)出指令：“對，就這樣，一二三，一二三。”我祖父的一個好朋友──一位上了年紀(jì)的女士──看了尼克萊帶我訓(xùn)練的錄像帶后問道：“他也教舞蹈嗎？”

在訓(xùn)練時，我一刻不停地糾正著尼克萊指出的錯誤。每完成一個動作，我都會問他自己是否有了進步?！笆堑?，還行。但如果膝蓋能屈得更快些就更好了。”

“可我滑得夠快了嗎？”我堅持問他。

最后他會皺起眉頭說：“你得無數(shù)次地重復(fù)，動作才能達到完美?！彼嵝盐摇氨仨氂心托摹保哉Z之間流露出“我已經(jīng)告訴過你無數(shù)次了”的意思。

尼克萊的耐心和我的勤奮使我贏得了全國第四名的好成績，并開始為奧運會季前賽做準(zhǔn)備。但后來我沒能被選拔去參加2002年奧運會。

去年夏天，我回去拜訪尼克萊。他給我沏了茶......還自己洗了碗！我們坐在沙發(fā)上聊天。懷念起前一年的奧林匹克隊，我一時沉默，回想起自己曾經(jīng)獲得的一切──很重要的一點就是我和這個穿著頗具熱帶風(fēng)情襯衫、個子不高的男人之間形成了并不張揚但又牢不可摧的紐帶。

尼克萊教會我即使需要無數(shù)次的努力，也要憑借勇氣、熱情和嚴格的紀(jì)律來堅持下去。他還教會我為了能在這世界上生活一輩子而預(yù)先心存感激，并每天提醒自己：即便面臨許多挑戰(zhàn)，“現(xiàn)在心里有的必須是愛、愛、愛?！?/p>

Section B 奧林匹克的卓越標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

奧林匹克運動會依然是一個為競爭而競爭的最純粹的例子。運動員們在事業(yè)和身體上作出犧牲，他們冒著受傷、受挫和徹底失敗的危險，僅僅為了國家和自身的榮譽而競爭。為了獲得這樣的榮譽，運動員必須發(fā)揮在自己的項目上的最佳水平，在世界最大的競技舞臺上發(fā)揮模范作用。雖然必須承認，有的運動員利用興奮劑來提升自己的表現(xiàn)，從而取得優(yōu)勢，但他們從未獲得過奧運會所能給予的唯一真正的獎賞，那就是榮譽。而且他們也從未體驗過通過刻苦訓(xùn)練與決心這些美德而獲勝所帶來的光榮感。

迄今為止，卡爾·劉易斯是奧運會田徑項目最偉大的選手，也是奧運精神的典范。

這不僅是因為他屢屢獲得金牌──劉易斯在四個項目的比賽中獲得過九枚金牌，在100米短跑和跳遠比賽中保持世界記錄──而且是因為他天性中所富有的競爭力和從1984年到1996年間在每一屆奧運會上所表現(xiàn)出的競爭和獲勝的能力。如果不是美國拒絕出席1980年奧運會，他也會參加那一年的奧運競賽。憑著速度、穩(wěn)定的發(fā)揮、誠實，尤其是獲勝的渴望，劉易斯的表現(xiàn)非秒表所能計量，甚至使時間也停滯不前。他要求自己發(fā)揮出最佳水平，而且他取得最好成績靠的不是服用藥物，而是無與倫比的自制力和訓(xùn)練時的完全投入。

令人驚訝的是，卡爾·劉易斯的父母在他年幼時鼓勵他去上音樂課，而不是去參加田徑訓(xùn)練。但是他不愿去，而是把一條膠帶粘在地上，以此標(biāo)出跳遠世界記錄的距離，然后以非凡的決心開始向著目標(biāo)練習(xí)跳遠。他的父親評價道：“有些孩子今天想著以后當(dāng)消防員，明天又夢想成為電影明星?？枦Q心練習(xí)田徑，后來始終沒有改變。他說他想成為最好的，就這些。”他多年的訓(xùn)練和從容的自信為他以后卓越的田徑生涯打好了基礎(chǔ)。

然而在1985年，卡爾·劉易斯的運動生涯蒙上了一片陰影：加拿大短跑運動員本·約翰遜在100米短跑中頻頻擊敗劉易斯。雖然1988年劉易斯參加漢城（現(xiàn)稱首爾）奧運會時滿懷信心，但就算對徑賽知之甚少的旁觀者們也都認為約翰遜會獲勝。全世界都急切地觀望著，等待著，想知道誰是“世界上跑得最快的人”。當(dāng)選手們在最后一輪比賽中站在起跑線上時，所有照相機的鏡頭都對準(zhǔn)了劉易斯和約翰遜。發(fā)令槍“啪”地一聲響過之后，運動員從起跑線上沖了出去。人們習(xí)慣于看到劉易斯在賽程的前一半落在后面──他就是這種與眾不同的風(fēng)格──最后來個大跨步的奮力沖刺。因此，當(dāng)他們看到約翰遜憑著起跑時的爆發(fā)力領(lǐng)先時都屏住了呼吸，不知道劉易斯最后的沖刺是否能夠擊敗對手。當(dāng)他們逼近終點線的時候，劉易斯奮力加速，但是，可惜的是，劉易斯9.92秒的個人最好成績不敵約翰遜9.79秒的世界記錄。約翰遜被稱為“歷史上跑得最快的人”，而劉易斯看來在以后的比賽中只能爭奪第二名了。但兩天以后，約翰遜因賽后的藥檢結(jié)果顯示其服用了類固醇而被取消了金牌，并被國際奧委會遣送回國。金牌被轉(zhuǎn)而授予劉易斯，可很多人并不認為他獲得了真正的勝利，而他也被席卷進對田徑賽的一片指責(zé)聲中。更糟糕的是，劉易斯以前的一個對手指控他也服用了類固醇。

劉易斯對此堅決予以否認，并在法官面前證明雜志刊登這樣的消息是毫無根據(jù)的行為，以此作為反擊。他一次次地參加藥檢以證明自身的清白。劉易斯反對在比賽中服用類固醇。除了在謠言中，他從未和使用藥物的丑聞聯(lián)系在一起過。

憑著對運動的持續(xù)奉獻和對競技的熱愛，劉易斯消除了人們對徑賽項目的一些疑慮，阻止了漢城奧運會后民眾對奧運會支持下降的頹勢。他以自己的不斷努力和對短跑與跳遠的誠實參與向世界證明，奧林匹克精神并未消亡。1992年，劉易斯第三次參加奧運會，并在跳遠和4×100米接力賽中獲得兩枚金牌。他在公眾中所受到的歡迎不亞于一位國王受到的禮遇。

令人驚嘆的卡爾·劉易斯已經(jīng)證明自己不同于歷史上任何一位運動員。這并不是因為他能獲勝，而是因為他能誠實地獲勝，他熱愛競爭，他能在最長的時間里做出最大的努力。他對體育競技的熱愛真正為奧林匹克的卓越設(shè)立了新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Unit 3 Section A 跨國婚姻

我和蓋爾計劃舉行一個不事張揚的婚禮。在兩年的相處中，我們的關(guān)系經(jīng)歷了起伏，這是一對情侶在學(xué)著相互了解、理解和尊重時常常出現(xiàn)的。但在這整整兩年間，我們坦誠地面對彼此性格中的弱點和優(yōu)點。

我們之間的種族及文化差異不但增強了我們的關(guān)系，還教會了我們要彼此寬容、諒解和開誠布公。蓋爾有時不明白為何我和其他黑人如此關(guān)注種族問題，而我感到吃驚的是，她好像忘記了美國社會中種族仇恨種種微妙的表現(xiàn)形式。

對于成為居住在美國、異族通婚的夫妻，我和蓋爾對未來沒有不切實際的幻想。

相互信任和尊重才是我們倆永不枯竭的力量源泉。

許多夫妻因為錯誤的理由結(jié)了婚，結(jié)果在10年、20年或30年后才發(fā)覺他們原來是合不來的。他們在婚前幾乎沒有花時間去互相了解，他們忽視了嚴重的性格差異，指望婚姻會自然而然地解決各種問題。我們希望避免重蹈覆轍。事實更說明了這一點：已經(jīng)結(jié)婚35年的蓋爾的父母正經(jīng)歷著一場充滿怨恨、令人痛苦的婚變，這件事給蓋爾帶來了很大打擊，并一度給我們正處于萌芽狀態(tài)的關(guān)系造成了負面影響。

當(dāng)蓋爾把我們計劃舉辦婚禮的消息告訴家人時，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母親德博拉過去一直贊成我們的關(guān)系，甚至還開過玩笑，問我們打算何時結(jié)婚，這樣她就可以抱外孫了。但這次聽到我們要結(jié)婚的消息時，她沒有向我們表示祝賀，反而勸蓋爾想清楚自己的決定是否正確。

“這么說我跟他約會沒錯，但是如果我跟他結(jié)婚，就錯了。媽媽，是不是因為他的膚色？”蓋爾后來告訴我她曾這樣問她母親。

“首先我必須承認，剛開始時我對異族通婚是有保留意見的，也許你甚至可以把這稱為偏見。但是當(dāng)我見到馬克時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個既討人喜歡又聰明的年輕人。任何一個母親都會因為有這樣一個女婿而感到臉上有光的。所以，這事跟膚色沒有關(guān)系。是的，我的朋友們會說閑話。有些朋友甚至對你所做的事表示震驚。

但他們的生活與我們的不同。因此你要明白，馬克的膚色不是問題。我最大的擔(dān)心是你也許跟我當(dāng)初嫁給你爸爸一樣，為了錯誤的原因而嫁給馬克。當(dāng)年我和你爸爸相遇時，在我眼中，他可愛、聰明、富有魅力又善解人意。一切都是那么新鮮、那么令人興奮。而且我們兩人都認為，我們的婚姻是理想婚姻，至少表面上看是如此，而且一切跡象都表明我們的婚姻會天長地久。直到后來我才明白，在我們結(jié)婚時，我并不十分理解我所愛的人——你的爸爸?！?/p>

“但是我和馬克呆在一起已有兩年多了，”蓋爾抱怨道?！拔覀儌z一起經(jīng)歷了許許多多的事情。我們彼此多次看到對方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定時間只能證明我們是彼此深情相愛的?！?/p>

“你也許是對的。但我還是認為再等一等沒壞處。你才25歲?！? 蓋爾的父親戴維——我還未見過他的面——以知事莫若父的態(tài)度對待我們的決定。他問的問題基本上和蓋爾母親的問題相同：“干嗎這么匆忙？這個馬克是什么人？他是什么公民身份？”當(dāng)他得知我辦公民身份遇到了問題時，就懷疑我是因為想留在美國而娶他女兒的。

“不過爸爸，你這話講得太難聽了，”蓋爾說。

“那么干嗎要這樣著急？”他重復(fù)地問。

“馬克是有公民身份方面的問題，但他總是在自己處理這些問題，”蓋爾辯解道。

“事實上，當(dāng)我們在討論結(jié)婚的時候，他清楚地表明了一點：如果我對任何事情有懷疑，我完全可以取消我們的計劃。”

她父親開始引用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)說明異族通婚的離婚率比同族結(jié)婚的要高，而且還列舉了接受過他咨詢的、在婚姻上有麻煩的異族通婚夫婦的例子。

他問道：“你考慮過你將來的孩子可能會遭受的苦難嗎？”

“爸爸，你是種族主義者嗎？”

“不，當(dāng)然不是。但你必須得現(xiàn)實一點?！?/p>

“也許我們的孩子會遇到一些問題。但誰的孩子不會呢？可是有一樣?xùn)|西他們將會永遠擁有，那就是我們的愛。” “那是理想主義的想法。人們對異族通婚生下的孩子是會很殘酷的。” “爸爸，到時候我們自己會操心的。但是假如我們在做什么事之前，就必須把所有的疑難問題全部解決的話，那么我們幾乎什么都干不成了?！?“記住，你什么時候改變主意都不晚?！?/p>

Section B 里奇拜見未來的岳母

經(jīng)過反復(fù)思考，我終于想出了一個絕妙的計劃：讓里奇與我媽媽見面，并把她爭取過來。事實上，讓我媽媽特地為他掌勺燒飯是我做的安排。

一天，媽媽打電話給我，要我參加爸爸的生日宴。我弟弟文森特將帶上他的女友莉薩·盧姆。我也可以帶一個朋友去。

我知道媽媽會親自下廚的，因為燒菜做飯是表達她的愛、她的自豪和她在家中權(quán)力的方式，也可用以證明她比其他任何人都懂得多。“千萬記住在飯后告訴我媽媽，說她做的飯菜是你吃過的飯菜中最可口的，”我對里奇說。“相信我的話?！?爸爸生日宴的前夜，我坐在廚房里看著媽媽忙乎，等待合適的時機來告訴她我們的結(jié)婚計劃。我們已決定在7月結(jié)婚，大約還有7個月的時間。她正在把大蒜切成小方塊，把卷心菜切成小片，同時閑聊著有關(guān)素媛姨媽的事：“她只會看著烹飪指南燒菜，而我對烹飪了如指掌。我只要用鼻子聞聞就知道該放什么佐料了！”她切得很快，好像一點也不注意她手中那把鋒利的切菜刀，我真害怕她的手指尖也會成為紫色蔬菜燒豬肉的佐料。

我希望她會先提起里奇。我注意到了她開門時的面部表情，她當(dāng)時勉強地笑了笑，從頭到腳地打量著里奇，以驗證素媛阿姨對里奇的評價。我盡力設(shè)想她會有哪些不滿意的地方。

里奇不僅不是華人，而且他還比我小幾歲。更糟的是，由于他那頭紅色的卷發(fā)、光潔白晰的皮膚以及鼻子兩邊一片桔黃色的雀斑，他看上去比我年輕了很多。他稍微矮了一點，長得很結(jié)實。他身穿深色套裝，看上去討人喜歡，但讓人過眼就忘，就像追悼會上遇見的某個人的侄子。這就是為什么我們在公司里一起工作的第一年里我沒有注意到他的原因。但是我媽媽卻把一切都看在了眼里?！澳阏J為里奇怎么樣？”終于，我屏住呼吸問道。

她把大蒜扔進了燒熱的油鍋里，發(fā)出了刺耳的響聲。“他臉上那么多斑點，”她說。

我聽后感到背上起了雞皮疙瘩。“那是雀斑，你知道雀斑象征著好運?！蔽腋械轿业脼樗q解。我提高嗓門壓倒廚房里的噪聲，我自己也感到我太激動了點?！芭叮菃?？” 她不經(jīng)意地說。

“是的，雀斑越多越好。人人都知道這一點?！? 她想了一會兒，然后笑了，接著用漢語方言說：“也許是這樣。你小時候得過水痘。長了許多小痘痘，你只好在家里呆了10天。可真走運啊，你想想！”

我在廚房里救不了里奇，后來在餐桌上我也救不了他。

他買了瓶法國葡萄酒，并不知道我父母不喜歡這玩意兒，我父母甚至連像樣的紅酒杯也沒有。接著他又犯了個錯誤：他喝了不是一杯，而是滿滿兩大毛玻璃杯的葡萄酒，而其他人的杯子里都只有半英寸高的酒，大家只是“嘗嘗而已”。

最糟糕的是他批評了我媽媽的烹飪手藝，而他竟然沒意識到自己做了什么。我媽媽總是要對她自己的烹飪發(fā)表一些評論，說一些自己的菜燒得不好之類的話，這是中國廚師的習(xí)慣。那晚她原打算說說自己的拿手菜——梅干菜蒸肉，上這個菜時她總是特別得意?！鞍Γ@個菜不夠咸，沒味道，”嘗了一小口后，她抱怨道?！疤y吃了?！?/p>

這句話在我們家意味著讓大家來嘗一點，并且還要說這道菜是媽媽做得最好的一次。但是我們還沒能來得及說一些這樣圓滑得體的話，里奇就說：“嗯，這菜只需要加一點點醬油。”接著他無視我母親驚詫的眼光，把許多咸乎乎、黑溜溜的東西倒進了瓷盤里。

雖然吃飯時，我一直希望我媽媽能從某種角度看到里奇的善良、幽默感和魅力，但是我清楚里奇在她的眼里已經(jīng)是一敗涂地了。

很顯然，里奇對那晚有完全不同的看法。那晚我們回到家里，安置肖莎娜上床睡覺后，他謙虛地說：“嗯，我覺得我們相處得很不錯?！?/p>

Unit 4 Section A 真愛的考驗

大中央車站問詢處桌子上方的數(shù)字鐘顯示：差六分六點。約翰·布蘭福德，一個年輕的高個子軍官，眼睛盯著大鐘，看確切的時間。六分鐘后，他將見到一位在過去13個月里在他生命中占有特殊位置的女人，一位他素未謀面、卻通過書信始終給予他力量的女人。

在他自愿參軍后不久，他收到了一本這位女子寄來的書。隨書而來的還有一封信，祝他勇敢和平安。他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己很多參軍的朋友也收到了這位名叫霍利斯·梅內(nèi)爾的女子寄來的同樣的書。他們所有的人都從中獲得了勇氣，也感激她對他們?yōu)橹畱?zhàn)斗的事業(yè)的支持，但只有他給梅內(nèi)爾女士回了信。在他啟程前往海外戰(zhàn)場戰(zhàn)斗的那天，他收到了她的回信。站在即將帶他進入敵人領(lǐng)地的貨船甲板上，他一遍又一遍地讀著她的來信。

13個月來，她忠實地給他寫信。即使沒有他的回信，她仍然一如既往地寫信給他，從未減少過。在那段艱苦戰(zhàn)斗的日子里，她的信鼓勵著他，給予他力量。收到她的信，他就仿佛感到自己能存活下去。一段時間后，他相信他們彼此相愛，就像是命運讓他們走到了一起。

但當(dāng)他向她索要照片時，她卻婉然拒絕。她解釋道：“如果你對我的感情是真實和真誠的，那么我長什么樣又有什么關(guān)系呢。假如我很漂亮，我會因為覺得你愛的只是我的美貌而時時困擾，那樣的愛會讓我厭惡。假如我相貌平平，那我又會常常害怕你只是出于寂寞和別無他選才給我寫信的。不管是哪種情況，我都會阻止自己去愛你。當(dāng)你來紐約見我時，你可以做出自己的決定。記住，那時候我們兩個人都可以自由選擇停止或繼續(xù)下去──如果那是我們的選擇??”

差一分六點??布蘭福德的心怦怦亂跳。

一名年輕女子向他走來，他立刻感到自己與她之間存在著一種聯(lián)系。她身材修長而苗條，漂亮的金色長發(fā)卷曲在小巧的耳后。她的眼睛如藍色的花朵，雙唇間有著一種溫柔的堅毅。她身穿別致的綠色套裝，猶如春天般生氣盎然。

他向她迎去，完全忘記了她并沒有佩戴玫瑰。看他走來，她的嘴角露出一絲熱情的微笑?！爱?dāng)兵的，跟我同路？”她問道。

他不由自主地向她靠近了一步。然后，他看見了霍利斯·梅內(nèi)爾。

她就站在那少女的身后，一位四十好幾的女人，頭發(fā)斑斑灰白。在年輕的他的眼里，梅內(nèi)爾簡直就是一塊活脫脫的化石。她不是一般的胖，粗笨的雙腿移動時搖搖晃晃。但她棕色的外衣上戴著一朵紅色的玫瑰。

綠衣少女快速地走過，很快消失在了霧中。布蘭福德覺得自己的心好像被壓縮成一個小水泥球，他多想跟著那女孩，但又深深地向往那位以心靈真誠地陪伴他、帶給他溫暖的女人；而她正站在那里?，F(xiàn)在他可以看見，她蒼白而肥胖的臉上透著和善與智慧。她灰色的眼中閃爍著溫暖和善良。

布蘭福德克制住跟隨年輕女子而去的沖動，盡管這樣做并不容易。他的手抓著那本在他去戰(zhàn)場前她寄給他的書，為的是讓霍利斯·梅內(nèi)爾認出他。這不會成為愛情，但將成為一樣珍貴的東西，一樣可能比愛情更不尋常的東西──一份他一直感激、也將繼續(xù)感激的友情。

他向那個女人舉起書。

“我是約翰·布蘭福德，你──你就是霍利斯·梅內(nèi)爾吧。我非常高興你能來見我。我能請你吃晚餐么？”那女人微笑著?！拔也恢肋@到底是怎么回事，孩子，”她答道：“那位穿綠色套裝的年輕女士──剛走過去的那位──請求我把這朵玫瑰別在衣服上。她說如果你邀請我和你一起出去，我就告訴你她在公路附近的那家大餐廳等你。她說這是一種考驗?！?/p>

Section B 納粹統(tǒng)治下的愛

1942年冬季的一天，寒冷刺骨。但在納粹集中營中，這與別的日子沒有什么差別。自我從家中被人帶走并隨著數(shù)萬猶太人被帶到這兒以來，我已瀕臨死亡，只能活一天算一天，活一小時算一小時。我們在納粹可怕的皮鞭下受盡煎熬。

明天我還會活著嗎？今晚我會不會被帶到毒氣室去？或是被警衛(wèi)簡簡單單地用來復(fù)槍射殺？

我在鐵絲網(wǎng)邊踱來踱去。我并沒有留意自己的腳步，只是機械地在這塊地上移動，在發(fā)現(xiàn)可以用來生火的一小塊木頭或其他東西時，我偶爾跪下來查看一下。突然，我看到一個小女孩從鐵絲網(wǎng)那邊走來。她的步履輕盈，仿佛不受重力的影響，宛如仙子。她停下來，用憂傷的眼睛看著我。集中營里的生活已經(jīng)損害了我的健康。

我想把目光挪開，因為我一副病容、枯瘦如柴，又穿著破爛骯臟的衣服，被一個陌生人這樣打量，我感到特別害臊，但我的目光卻無法從她的眼睛移開。

這時她把手伸進口袋，掏出一個紅蘋果。噢，我有多久沒有看到這樣的蘋果了！它又是多么地閃閃發(fā)亮——比任何水晶都耀眼！她非常謹慎地左右看看，然后一下子把它拋過鐵柵欄。我把它撿起來，用我凍僵的手捧著它。在這充滿死亡的世界中，這蘋果無疑代表了生命，而她的舉動就是愛的果實。我抬頭瞥見那女孩在遠處漸漸消失。

第二天，就像被磁力吸引一樣，我又來到了鐵絲網(wǎng)邊的那塊地方。我希望她再次出現(xiàn)。我是不是瘋了？當(dāng)然是。但在這里，我不放棄任何一絲微小的希望。

她又來了。她又一次給我?guī)砹颂O果，比上次更精確地將它拋過了鐵絲網(wǎng)。蘋果飛過鐵絲網(wǎng)，正好從我的頭頂上方落下來。我在空中接住了蘋果，高舉著讓她看。

她的眼中閃著光芒。

接下來的七個月我們就這樣相會，而我也習(xí)慣了這樣的蘋果餐，但不久一切都結(jié)束了。一天，我聽到一個駭人的消息：我將被押往另一個集中營。

第二天，當(dāng)我再見到她的時候，我的心都碎了，我?guī)缀鯚o法說話，但我必須說明白：“明天別再給我?guī)O果了，”我告訴她說：“我將被押往另一個集中營。我們再也不能見面了。”在我完全失去控制前我轉(zhuǎn)身從鐵絲網(wǎng)邊跑開了。我實在不忍心再回頭看。如果我轉(zhuǎn)身，我知道，她會看見我的臉頰上滑落的眼淚。

歲月流逝。轉(zhuǎn)眼到了1957年。我住在紐約，生活狀況與納粹德國期間的情景相差何止天地。我做鋁柵欄安裝和回收的生意，并且發(fā)了點小財。我一個做保險的朋友勸說我與他的一位女性朋友相親。我勉強同意了。她人還不錯，叫羅瑪，像我一樣，她也是移民，因此至少在這一點上我們有共同之處。

“你是在戰(zhàn)爭期間流亡來到這里的嗎？”羅瑪用移民相互之間問及那段歲月時所特有的體貼方式柔聲細語地問道。

“不是。那時我在德國的集中營里，”我答道。我沒有說明哪個集中營，也沒有說其他任何細節(jié)。這個故事太乏味了，因為我已經(jīng)重復(fù)過許多次了。

羅瑪?shù)碾p眼透出若有所思的神色，好像回憶起了某件痛苦而又甜蜜的事情。

“你怎么了？”我問她。

“是這樣，我小時候住在集中營附近。那兒有一個男孩，一個小囚犯，有很長一段時間我每天都去看他。我記得我常常帶蘋果去扔給他。我把蘋果從鐵絲網(wǎng)上扔過去，那時他會非常開心?！?/p>

我的心猛地一下子劇烈地跳動起來。我凝視著她問：“是不是那個男孩有一天對你說‘明天別給我?guī)O果了。我將被押往另外一個集中營’？”

“沒錯，是啊，”羅瑪用顫抖的聲音應(yīng)道?！暗阍趺磿赖?？”

我從桌邊站起身來，擁抱著她說：“因為我就是那個小男孩，羅瑪。”

Unit 5 Section A 為女兒抽煙而哭泣

我女兒抽煙。她做作業(yè)時，腳擱在前面的長凳上，計算器嗒嗒地跳出幾何題的答案。我看著那包已抽了一半、她隨意扔在手邊的“駱駝”牌香煙。我拿起香煙，走到廚房里去仔細察看，那里的光線好一點──謝天謝地，香煙是有過濾嘴的。我心里十分難過。我想哭。事實上，我確實哭過。我站在爐子旁邊，手里捏著一支雪白的香煙，制作得非常精致，但那可是會致我女兒于死地的東西啊。當(dāng)她抽“萬寶路”及“普雷厄爾”牌香煙時，我硬起心腸，不讓自己感到難過。我認識的人當(dāng)中沒有人抽這兩種牌子的香煙。

她不知道我父親、也就是她外公生前抽的就是“駱駝”牌香煙。但是在他開始抽機制卷煙之前──那時他很年輕、也很窮，眼睛炯炯有神──他抽的是用“阿爾伯特親王牌”煙絲自己手工卷的香煙。我還記得那鮮紅的煙絲盒，上面有一張維多利亞女王丈夫阿爾伯特親王的照片，他身穿黑色燕尾服，手里拿著一支手杖。

到40年代末、50年代初，我的家鄉(xiāng)佐治亞州的伊騰頓已沒有人再自己手工卷煙了（而且?guī)缀鯖]有女人抽煙）。煙草業(yè)，再加上好萊塢電影──影片中的男女主角都是煙鬼──把像我父親這樣的人完完全全爭取了過去，他們無可救藥地抽煙抽上了癮。然而我父親從來就沒有像阿爾伯特親王那樣時髦過。他還是一個貧窮、過于肥胖、為養(yǎng)活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他是黑人，嘴里卻總叼著一支雪白的香煙。

我記不清父親是什么時候開始咳嗽的。也許開始時并不明顯，只是早晨一下床點燃第一支香煙時才有點微咳。到我16歲，也就是我女兒現(xiàn)在這般年紀(jì)時，他一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，讓人感到不安；他上樓時每走三、四級樓梯就得停下來休息一會兒，而且，他常常一連咳上一個小時。

肺部的病痛把我父親折磨得虛弱不堪，一個嚴冬，他死于被稱為“窮人之友” 的疾病──肺炎。他咳嗽了這么多年，我想他的肺部已沒有什么完好的地方了。去世前幾年，他的呼吸已經(jīng)很虛弱了，他總得倚靠著某個東西。我記得有一次全家聚會，當(dāng)時我女兒才兩歲，他抱了她一會兒，好讓我有時間給他倆拍張照片。但是很明顯，他是費了好大勁兒的。生命行將結(jié)束前，他才戒了煙，主要是因為他的肺功能已極度受損。戒煙后他的體重增加了幾磅，但當(dāng)時他太瘦了，所以沒人注意到這一點。

我到第三世界國家去旅行時，看到了許多像我父親和女兒那樣的人。到處都有針對他們這兩類人的巨大廣告牌：強壯、自信或時髦的成熟男人，以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女子，都在吞云吐霧。就像在美國的舊城區(qū)和印第安人的居留地上一樣，在這些貧困的國家里，那些本應(yīng)該花在食物上的錢卻流進了煙草公司。久而久之，人們不但缺少食物，而且還缺少空氣，這樣不但大大地損害了孩子們的體質(zhì)，還使他們?nèi)旧狭藷煱a，最終還會致他們于死地。

我在報紙還有我訂閱的園藝雜志上看到，煙蒂的毒性很強：一個嬰兒如果吞下了一個煙蒂，就很有可能會死去，而沸水加一把煙蒂就成了很有效的殺蟲劑。

作為母親，我深深地感到痛苦。有時我有一種無能為力的感覺。我記得自己懷孕時，吃東西的時候是多么小心??！之后在教她如何安全穿過馬路時，又是多么耐心??！有時我納悶：自己這樣做到底是為了什么？難道是為了她今后大半輩子有氣無力地掙扎著呼吸，然后再像她外公那樣自己把自己毒死嗎？

我特別喜歡一條寫在受虐婦女收容所里的語錄：“人間和平，始于家庭?！蔽艺J為世上所有的東西都是如此。我還想起了另一條寫給那些想戒煙的人們的語錄：“每個家庭都應(yīng)該是禁煙區(qū)?！背闊熓且环N自我毀滅，而且也毀滅著那些不得不坐在你身邊的人。那些人偶爾也會取笑或抱怨你抽煙，可常常只能無可奈何地坐在一邊看。我現(xiàn)在意識到，從我還是個孩子起，這些年來我實際上是一直坐在旁邊，看著我父親自殺。對那些生意興隆的煙草公司的巨頭們來說，能在我家取得這樣一種勝利，肯定是夠滿意了。

Section B 別再溺愛孩子

我四處奔波，應(yīng)約作各種演講，常在別人家里過夜，也常被安排在孩子的臥室里。我發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子房間里的玩具實在太多，甚至連我小小的梳妝盒也無處可放。壁櫥通常也是塞滿了衣服，我?guī)缀鯚o法把夾克衫塞進去。

我不是在抱怨，只是在表明一種觀點。我發(fā)現(xiàn)父母給孩子們買的玩具和衣服越來越多，這種傾向在美國家庭已是司空見慣。我認為在很多家庭中，孩子們都把家長的慷慨大方視作理所當(dāng)然的事情，而且這種做法的后果實際上對孩子們來說也是有害的。

家長為什么要給孩子們那么多的東西，或者要給孩子們他們買不起的東西呢？我認為有幾方面的原因。

一個頗為常見的原因就是父母親們出于內(nèi)疚而溺愛孩子。兩人都是全職工作者的父母也許會因為不能常常和孩子在一起而感到內(nèi)疚。他們可能想通過給孩子們大量物質(zhì)的東西作為對他們的補償。

還有一些父母給孩子買這買那，是因為他們想讓孩子擁有他們自己童年時所擁有的每一樣?xùn)|西，以及那些他們過去想得到而未能得到的東西。還有一些家長不愿拒絕孩子們永無休止的買玩具的要求，是因為他們害怕孩子會認為父母不愛他們，或者害怕如果他們得不到和小伙伴們相同的玩具會被人取笑。

當(dāng)家長無法應(yīng)付孩子的無理要求時，也會發(fā)生溺愛孩子的現(xiàn)象。這樣的父母會在拒絕和讓步之間動搖不定──但是好像哪種辦法都不能使他們滿意。如果他們拒絕孩子的請求，他們會因為對孩子太嚴格或太不慷慨而立即感到后悔。如果他們讓步了，也會因為太容易讓步而感到懊悔和自責(zé)。這樣的搖擺不定不但削弱了父母管教孩子的能力，同時也在某種程度上使父母與子女之間的關(guān)系變味，從而使家長和子女間失去了存在于健康家庭中的某些幸福和相互尊重。

但是，用物質(zhì)的東西來溺愛孩子并不能減輕父母的內(nèi)疚感（因為父母從不會感到他們已經(jīng)付出了足夠多），也不會使孩子們覺得自己得到了更多的愛（因為孩子真正想要的是父母的時間和對他們的注意）。相反，給孩子們太多的東西可能是有害的。在一定程度上，孩子們可能會變得貪婪、自私、忘恩負義，對他人的需要和感情變得麻木不仁，而且首先從對自己父母的態(tài)度開始。給孩子們的東西太多會逐漸削弱他們對父母的尊敬。事實上，孩子們已經(jīng)開始感到父母的無限制的慷慨大方是不對的。這種矛盾的結(jié)果可能是這些孩子會反過來提出更高的要求，并下意識地希望，如果他們逼得更緊一些，他們就能迫使父母對自己設(shè)立些限制。

另外，被寵壞的孩子也并不比那些沒什么玩具的孩子在做游戲時被激發(fā)出更大的創(chuàng)造性。由于有求必應(yīng)，他們了解金錢價值的機會就比別人少，而且當(dāng)他們的要求無法即刻得到滿足時，他們也不知如何去應(yīng)付。

我討論這個問題的真正目的不是要告訴家長們應(yīng)該給孩子們多少物質(zhì)的東西才適當(dāng)。確切地講，我的目的是幫助那些已經(jīng)意識到自己也許是在寵壞孩子、但又不知道如何糾正這一做法的家長們。

有時你也許會對自己是否要對孩子提出的許多要求作出讓步感到?jīng)]有把握。這并不意味著你不能改變。首先，你應(yīng)該設(shè)法弄清楚是什么東西使你讓步，或者讓你感到內(nèi)疚。然后，即使沒能找出原因，你也應(yīng)該開始作出果斷的決定，試著對孩子的要求作出迅速明確的反應(yīng)。

一旦你改變了以往的做法，你也不能指望馬上有效果。有時你肯定會搖擺不定。

關(guān)鍵是你要對逐漸的進步感到滿足，要預(yù)見到并接受可能伴隨這種改變而來的偶爾失誤。還有，即使你以更堅定、更自信的方式實施著你的決定，也不能指望你的孩子會馬上作出反應(yīng)。在一段時間內(nèi)，他們會繼續(xù)對你施加曾經(jīng)很有效的、老一套的壓力。但一旦他們知道不停的抱怨和爭論再也不起作用時，他們最終會尊重你的決定。這樣做的結(jié)果是：你和你的孩子都會感到比以前更加開心。

第二篇：第一版新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊答案

新視野大學(xué)英語（第二冊）答案

Unit One

Section A II Comprehension of The Text

1.The attitude is that if one is not moving ahead, he is falling behind.2.Time is treated as if it were something almost real.People budget it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it;they also charge for it.They do this because time is a precious resource.3.Everyone is in a rush—often under pressure.In the writer?s eyes, city people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping.4.Don?t take it personally.This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else “wasting” it beyond a certain appropriate point.5.This is because Americans generally assess and enquire about their visitors professionally rather than socially.They start talking business very quickly.Time is always ticking in their inner ear.6.Americans produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices: they communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts.7.The impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand.8.It is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem or fulfill a job with speed in the U.S.III Vocabulary

1.Budgeted 2.acute 3.restless 4.surroundings 5.competent 6.assessing 7.elbowed 8.conducting

IV．Filling the Blank 1．behind 2 for 3.to 4.out 5.of 6.to 7.in 8.into

V Word Building 1.commitment 2.attraction 3.appointment 4.impression 5.civilization 6.composition 7.confusion 8.congratulation

9.consideration 10..explanation 11.acquisition 12.depression

VI 1advisable 2desirable 3favorable 4considerable 5remarkable 6 preferable7 drinkable 8.acceptable

VII Structure 1.much less do they take them out for dinner 2.much less a big company 3.much less carry it upstairs 4.much less spokento him 5.much less(to)read a lot outside of it VIII.1.Having meals at home can cost as little as two or three dollars, whereas eating out at a restaurant is always more expensive 2.We thought she was rather proud, whereas in fact she was just very shy 3.We have never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything for us.4.Natalie prefers to stay for another week, whereas her husband prefers to leave immediately.5.Some highly praise him, whereas others put him down severely IX Translation Chinese to English 1.In the eyes of some people, Picasso?s paintings would seem rather foolish

2.The increase in their profits is due partly to their new market strategy.3.The man told his wife to keep the medicine on the top shelf so that it would be beyond the children?s reach.4.Happiness doesn't always go with money

5.That car has given me nothing but trouble ever since I bought it.X Translation English to Chinese 1.這種態(tài)度的結(jié)果是，全國人民都投身到研究、實驗和探索中去了。

2.他們會懷念那種喝著茶或咖啡招待客人的禮節(jié)性交往，而這種交往也許是他們自己國家的一種習(xí)俗。

3.既然我們通常是以工作的方式而不是以社交的方式來評估和了解他人的，那我們就開門見山地談生意了。

4.對我們來說，電信交流缺乏人性化，這與手頭處理的事情是否重要關(guān)系不大，或毫無關(guān)系。

5.除非給予一定時間來處理，不然的話，在他們的眼里，手頭的工作好像是無足輕重，不值得給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹匾曀频摹?/p>

XI 1.B 2B 3..C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11A 12B 13B 14C 15A 16C 17B 18B 19A 20B

Section B.XV.1.C 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C XVI 1.desirable 2.marvelous

3.favorable

4.distressed

5.hostility 6.recognition

7.alleviate

8.appreciate XVII 1.interact with

2.gone through

3.deal with

4.recovered from

5.adjusting themselves to

6.familiar to the public

7.clashed with

8.In spite of

Unit Two Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.Most countries concern themselves with economic development, regardless of its effect on the global ecology

2.Because of the increasing environmental damage, people become more aware of environmental problems and many countries undertake new environmental initiatives.3.Canada closed the area to cod fishing and set strict limits on catches of other species.As a result, herring eventually recovered, but some species may never recover, and about 40,000 fishermen are unemployed because of the fishing bans and loss of their fish supply.4.Costa Rica has issued a series of new environmental laws and created parks and nature preserves that cover one quarter of the country.5.It was under pressure from environmentalists around the world that Brazil took certain measures to protect its Amazon rain forest;and the writer questions its true level of commitment to protect Amazon Indians who are endangered in the conflict with those people who continue to destroy the forests.6.Heavy metals from coal mining have contaminated much of the area?s waters.Many rivers, land, and forests are biologically dead because the pollution is very serious.7.The program has succeeded in strengthening the country?s agricultural base and bringing a new source of wealth to villagers.But it remains to be seen whether these measures will have enough impact to slow the rate of removing the forests.8.Indonesia is facing the problem of providing enough food, shelter and employment for its large population, and encouraging birth control.III Vocabulary 1.awarenes

2.undertake 3.abundant 4.ambitious 5.diversity 6.contaminated 7.sponsored 8.waged IV．Filling the Blank 1.Correct form: regardless of Synonymous:without taking into account, paying no attention to

2.Correct form:springing up Synonymous:appearing quickly or suddenly

3.Correct form:concerns herself with Synonymous:is busy with, involves herself in

4.Correct form:aim at/for/toward(s)

Synonymous:direct its efforts towards

5.Correct form:converted…into/to

Synonymous:change…into

6.Correct form:up to

Synonymous:as many as

7.Correct form:as a result of

Synonymous:becauseof, resulting from

8.Correct form:frown on/upon

Synonymous:not approve of

V Word Building 1.settler: one who settles(in a place)2.miner: a worker in a mine 3.gardener: one who works in a garden, either for pay or as a hobby 4.director: a person who directs(a department, a film, etc.)5.observer: a person who observes or watches carefully 6.planner: a person who plans(a city, etc)7.container: anything which contains sth., e.g.a box, a bottle, etc.8.conductor: a person who conducts(atour group, on a bus, etc.)VI 1.musical

2.occasional 3.environmental

4.central

5.global

6.dangerous 7.natural

8.agricultural VII Structure 1.it remains for him to do it 2.the result remains to be seen 3.remains to be seen in a few weeks

4.much remains to be settled

5.Worse things remain to be told

VIII.1.Every month we?ll deliver the very best articles, together with the latest fashion and beauty news

2.The famine, together with the war, killed millions of lives

3.Together with his brother, John has gone to the party held by the Fine Arts Association once a year.4.The Smiths are planning to sell the house, together with the furniture

5.Together with his wife, he helped to design the highest building in the town.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.Since the beginning of this summer, Haier has waged a massive ad campaign to promote its air-conditioner sales

2.Mary?s parents frown on the idea of her going to America, so it remains to be seen whether she will realize her dream.3.Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are aimed at winning her heart.4.Through sponsoring the growing of fruit trees to regenerate waste land, the government succeeded in improving the ecological environment.5.The government has undertaken a series of new environmental initiatives.As a result, many parks and green belts have sprung up all over the country.X Translation English to Chinese 1.但近年來，隨著環(huán)境破壞的日益嚴重，世界各地已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了許多變化的跡象。

2.但是人們制訂了一系列新的環(huán)境保護法，還新建了占四分之一國土面積的公園和自然保護區(qū)，目的是要保護哥斯達黎加現(xiàn)存的森林。

3.政府承諾將保護該地區(qū)的土著居民，但人們對這個承諾的可信度仍心存疑慮。

4.這種人口激增已導(dǎo)致了該國許多地方森林的消失及對現(xiàn)存農(nóng)田的過度耕作。

5.政府近幾年來已發(fā)動了一場大規(guī)模的廣告宣傳運動來鼓勵節(jié)制生育，并提出了鼓勵措施，如提供免費去沙特阿拉伯的麥加—伊斯蘭教的誕生地—的機會。XI 1.C 2B 3..B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11B 12A 13C 14A 15B 16A 17B 18C 19B 20C

Section B.XVI 1.summit

2.comparable

3.characterized

4.paved

5.conservation

6.literal 7.erect

8.recreation

XVII 1.The small boat had been washed away during the storm.2.Up to 10 men can sleep in this tent, which looks rather small and maybe is not more than 14 square meters.3.In order to protect the environment, people should clean up after a picnic.4.In this small town, a thousand miles of bike trails along the sides of rivers lead into a big park.5.He lost his job and on top of that his wife left him.6.If we coordinate our efforts, we should be able to complete the project ahead of time.7.Professor Bonnet has been working on cells of this type for many years

8.The education system in our country is currently characterized by an emphasis on success in exams.Unit Three Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.III Vocabulary 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.IV．Filling the Blank 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.V Word Building 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.VI 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.VII Structure 1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.VIII.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.2.3.4.5.X Translation English to Chinese 1.2.3.4.5.XI 1.2 3..4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Section B.XV.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B

XVI 1.anticipate

2.brilliant

3.ingredient

4.dialect

5.somehow

6.bubbled

7.compelled

8.diplomatic XVII 1.on 2.from to 3.off 4with 5.towards/ with 6.concerning /about 7.over 8.on

Unit Four Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.The flight is a start of their new experience, and they have to live without their parents for a period of time.2.They go there to become fluent in English, finish high school, and understand the American way of life as much as possible

3.They can get it if they can pass the final exams at the end of each semester.4.No.most of them have difficulty making all necessary arrangements.5.She wrote a detailed letter, which showed that she was a religious and loving girl.6.Yes, they do because they don?t have enough experience in packing, and they tend to take unnecessary things with them.7.They really have to rely on themselves for everything from then on, and they are not sure whether they can manage to adapt to new situations.8.Most of them are not used to food and long for home;some find it difficult to observe the regulation about time.III Vocabulary 1.granted 2.departure 3.abroad 4.adapt 5.domestic 6.accustomed 7.command 8.descended IV．Filling the Blank 1.plan on 2.lived through 3.dreamed of 4.take on 5.hit the target 6.host to 7.economize 8.in turn V Word Building 1.sadness 2.weakness 3.carelessness 4.illness 5.darkness 6.kindness 7.laziness 8.nervousness VI 1.noisy 2.wealthy] 3.sunny 4.lucky 5.tasty 6.healthy 7.sleepy 8.icy VII Structure 1.It is necessary for the manager to finish the whole task before leaving for a holiday

2.It is a shame to take so much money for doing so little.3.It is our responsibility to help people around us who are in trouble.4.It is a surprise for us all to realize he has been cheating us.5.It is pleasant for the mother to see her daughter growing into a young lady.VIII.1.as long as

she got her father?s agreement

2.As long as you set a goal for yourself

3.As long as she covers all expenses herself

4.as long as she does her routine job well

5.As long as you never lose heart

IX Translation Chinese to English 1.For most parents, the decision to send children abroad for study is made after careful thinking.They will try to have everything worked out before their children leave.2.Jack has only been working for three months, so, for lack of experience, he will have difficulty finishing the task alone.3.As long as you specify what we are expected to do, we?ll try our best to help you get everything ready 4.Susan had thought she would adapt to life there soon, but she found later things were not so easy, and she began to feel homesick 5.Tension descended on these children when it was time for departure, since they didn?t know whether they could adapt to the life without parents.X Translation English to Chinese 1.他們都是因為同樣的原因赴美的---學(xué)會流利的英語、完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)以及盡可能了解有關(guān)美國生活方式的方方面面

2.對大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，至少要經(jīng)過6個月的精心籌劃才能作出到國外學(xué)習(xí)的決定

3.“對我來說，”17歲的格洛里亞·馬卡托說: “學(xué)會講英語及體驗這種經(jīng)歷比從美國政府那里拿到一張證書更為重要?！?/p>

4.甚至那些計劃只在美國完成兩個學(xué)期中學(xué)課程的年輕學(xué)生也很難找到接待家庭。很少有學(xué)生在到達這個國家時，就把一切細節(jié)都安排妥貼了的。

5.學(xué)生們在等待美國國內(nèi)班機把他們帶到在美國的臨時家庭時也會覺得緊張。從那以后，每個人都得自己照料自己了。

XI 1.B 2A 3..C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11C 12B 13A 14A 15A 16B 17C 18A 19B 20C

Section B.XVI 1.emigrate

2.guidance

3.infinite

4.prosperous

5.shrinks

6.warmth

7.whatsoever

8.ceaseless

XVII 1.made a fortune

2.make sure

3.full of people

4.was dressed in

5.is always indifferent to

6.enter into

7.did not know about

8.pay for

Unit FIVE Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.She feels terrible.She wants to weep and she does weep a little.2.He smoked Prince Albert tobacco in cigarettes he rolled himself

3.Her father was hooked by cigarettes.Though he smoked Prince Albert tobacco, he never looked as fashionable as Prince Albert;he continued to look like a poor, overweight, hard working colored man with too large a family.4.By that time, her father?s health was poor.His breathing was difficult;he had to rest very often when he was climbing stairs.It was not unusual for him to cough for an hour.5.Money that should be spent for food goes instead to the tobacco companies.As a result, over time, people starve themselves of both food and air, effectively weakening and hooking their children, eventually killing themselves.6.The cigarette ends are so poisonous that if a baby swallows one, it is likely to die, and the boiled water from a bunch of them makes an effective insecticide.7.She still remembers how carefully she ate when she was pregnant, and how patiently she taught her daughter how to cross a street safely.But now her daughter smokes, which amounts to killing herself by taking poison, as her grandfather did.8.Smoking is a form of self-battering that also batters those others who must sit by.III Vocabulary 1.largely 2.slim 3.weaken 4.poisonous 5.swallow 6.bunch 7.drag IV．Filling the Blank 1.leaned on 2.close at hand

3.die of

4.are starved of

5.coupled with

6.directed at 7.dressed in

8.very grateful to

V Word Building 1.harden

2.weakened the government’s position.3.broaden the child’s mind.4.lengthening

5.was heightening

6.lightened

7.darkened

8.reddened the clouds.VI 1.arrival 2.expectations 3.understandable 4.visitors 5.freedom 6.professional 7.lucky 8.gathering VII Structure 1.John went to the cinema with his brother, which surprised me.2.The boy broke the window, for which he was criticized by the teacher 3.He tore up my photo, by which I was very much annoyed

4.It was raining hard, due to which the team stayed indoors

5.Connie changed her mind for the second time, which came as no surprise to us.VIII.1.The teacher spoke so quietly that the students could hardly hear her.2.The lecture was so boring that many listeners fell asleep

3.The student has so many books that he does not know what to do with them.4.The old man was so ill that his neighbors had to send for a doctor

5.Her remarks are so funny that everyone

laughs to tears.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.My father is so forgetful that he is always looking for his keys.2.Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was still alive

3.It is not unusual for the scientist to go to bed at two or three in the morning

4.The man bent down and picked up the book from the floor

5.Leaning her head on her husband?s shoulder, Rebecca began to cry

X Translation English to Chinese 1.她做家庭作業(yè)時，腳擱在前面的長凳上，計算機嗒嗒地跳出幾何題的答案。我看著那包已抽了一半、她隨意扔在緊靠手邊處的駱駝牌香煙

2.我還記得那鮮紅的煙絲罐頭，上面有一張維多利亞女王的丈夫阿爾伯特親王的圖片,他身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖

3.煙草業(yè)，再加上好來塢電影——影片中的男女主角都是老煙鬼——把像我父親那樣的人完完全全爭取了過去, 他們無可救藥地抽煙上了癮。

4.久而久之，人們不但缺少食物，而且還缺少空氣，這樣不但大大地削弱了孩子們的體質(zhì)，還使他們?nèi)旧狭藷煱a，最終還會致他們于死地

5.抽煙是一種自我毀滅，而且也毀滅著那些不得不坐在你身邊的人。那些人偶爾也會取笑或抱怨抽煙，可常常只能無可奈何地坐在一邊看。

XI 1.C 2C 3..C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 11B 12A 13B 14B 15B 16A 17B 18B 19C 20B

Section B.XVI 1.sours

2.insensitive

3.loosened

4.conversely

5.generosity

6.contradiction

7.submit

8.inferred

XVII 1.Jean wrote the speaker?s address down in her notebook for fear that she might forget it.2.Passengers must show their tickets on demand

3.The secretary didn?t dare to stand up to her boss though she knew she was right.4.I took it for granted that you would come with us, so I bought you a ticket

5.She has been selfish all the time, but she has promised to turn over a new leaf and become more considerate of others.6.People in this region have pined for a peaceful life since the religious war broke out three decades ago.7.Poor health had made it difficult for Jim to hold down a job for more than a year

8.Betty gets very depressed at times because of pressure of her work.Unit SIX Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.No, she didn?t like her former name Debbie, because it didn?t suit her good looks and elegant manner, and it made her think she should be a cook.2.She felt more comfortable with herself and other people started to take her more seriously.3.The writer thinks that the name change didn?t cause Debbie?s professional achievement, but it surely helped by adding a bit of self-confidence to her talents

4.The writer thought that, to other people, his name, Joe, made him more qualified to be a baseball player than an art critic.He also suspected that if he were a more refined Arthur or Adrian, the name would have appeared complete.5.The woman was ill at ease because the man to whom she wanted the writer to introduce her was the same person with whom she once turned down a blind date because of his name.6.We often project name-based stereotypes on people.For example, one of the writer?s women friends confessed that while taking charge of a nursery-school?s group of four-year-olds, she had their personalities confused because of their names.7.One study showed that teachers gave consistently lower grades on essays supposed to have been written by boys with less appealing names than they awarded to the same papers when the writers were given better-sounding names.8.With some determination, you can change your name.III Vocabulary 1.substitute 2.approval 3.confidence 4.prominent 5.awarded 6.qualify 7.characteristic 8.applications IV．Filling the Blank 1.correct form:fill out

Synonymous:fill in

2.correct form:feel comfortable with Synonymous:feel comfortable about

3.correct form:attach first importance to;

Synonymous:認為……重要，把……放在第一位

4.correct form:turned down

Synonymous:rejected, refused

5.correct form:came up to/came to

Synonymous:came near, approached until standing close to

6.correct form:pressing me for

Synonymous:demand insistently from(sb.)

7.correct form:project… on/onto

Synonymous:cause(one?s own feelings or thoughts)to be experienced by others

8.correct form:were stuck with

Synonymous:不得不接待，被迫接待 V Word Building 1.impatient 2.irresponsible 3.inconsistent 4.indirect 5.insensitive 6.improper/inappropriate 7.incapable 8.irregular VI 1.unreasonable 2.unfolded 3.uncertain 4.uncovered 5.ungrateful 6.unloading 7.unlimited 8.undid VII Structure 1.最重要的是，一旦確立了目標(biāo)，你就要以極大的決心去為之努力。

2.從嚴格意義上來說，許多醫(yī)學(xué)院的學(xué)生是在為他們的父母而學(xué)習(xí)

3.老實說，老師們也有很大壓力

4.換句話說，問題在于整個社會

5.顯然，電視有優(yōu)點也有缺點。VIII.1.While waiting at the doctor?s, I read the whole of a short story

2.After using the brush, put it in its proper place.3.Before being in the army, he was an engineer

4.Working hard, you will succeed

5.Weather permitting, the match will be played on Wednesday

IX Translation Chinese to English 1.She was very guilty about having misunderstood her best friend

2.Her good looks and elegant manners are very attractive.3.Obviously, he takes it for granted that his educational background and work experience are surely impressive.But actually they are not.4.By quoting from a well-known art critic, he tried to add a bit of self-confidence to his talents.5.Every student has his or her characteristic qualities, such as friendliness or reserve, plainness or charm.A teacher should not be prejudiced against any of them

X Translation English to Chinese 1.我一停止稱自己為戴比，我就對自己感到比較舒服了······ 而且其他人也開始更認真地對待我了。

2.不管是好是歹，諸如友好或拘謹，相貌平常或富有魅力等特征已經(jīng)由你的名字暗示出來，并傳達給別人，甚至是在他們見到你之前。

3.名字已成為特定形象的組成部分, 任何一個被稱為“相貌平常的珍妮”或“普普通通的喬”的人都能證明這一點。

4.雖然我們中大多數(shù)人會認為自己沒有這樣的偏見，但在某種程度上，我們都有對名字產(chǎn)生固定看法的毛病

5.一個與之配套的研究表明：女孩受同齡人歡迎的程度也與她們的名字受歡迎的程度有關(guān)系。雖然對男孩來說這種關(guān)系不太明顯 XI 1.B 2A 3..C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.A 11A 12C 13B 14C 15A 16C 17B 18C 19A 20C

Section B.XVI 1.validate 2.exclusive 3.internalized 4.prevails 5.superficial 6.inherent 7.concealed 8.accompanies XVII 1.turned out

2.is not … up to

3.went to great lengths

4.out of bounds

5.spoke of

6.turned off

7.so out of character

8.took sides Unit seven Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.You should learn to take charge of your lives and recognize there are many things beyond your control.2.Being tense may cause tremendous and rapid increase in their blood pressure.3.They find that excess alarm or stress chemicals can literally burst heart muscle fibers, creating many short circuits and causing crazy heart rhythms.4.Fear, uncertainty and doubt, together with the lack of control

5.One kind is professional women, the other kind is people who have no “compass in life”.6.The NICE factors—new, interesting, challenging experiences

7.The example shows that you can?t fulfill all your great ambitions, so you have to set your priorities.8.We can?t complain or escape.We have to learn how to deal with them

III Vocabulary 1.recommends 2.attributed 3.independently 4.delegated 5.argument 6.fled 7.priority 8.trouble some IV．Filling the Blank 1.blow his top

2.Among other things

3.take charge of 4.gave emphasis to/put emphasis on

5.find an outlet for

6.from the viewpoint of

7.substituted olive oil for butter

8.cut down on V Word Building 1.endless

2.thoughtful

3.harmful

4.restless

5.beautiful

6.successful 7.fearless 8.joyful VI 1.joyful

2.hospitalized

3.industrialized

4.economize

5.realized

6.popularize

7.globalized

8.globalized

VII Structure 1.So was born the echo-sounding device, now in general use in ships.2.Between the old and the new economic program lies a period of revolutionary change from one to the other.3.At the end of a kaleidoscope are two plates, one made of clear glass and the other of ground glass.4.Off went the arrows, stones and hand bombs that were shot by the soldiers who hid themselves in the trees

5.Suddenly the student asked an embarrassing question, and then followed a complete and deathlike silence.VIII.1.The more often I practice, the better I play

2.The higher we got up in the air, the colder it became 3.The more carbon the steel contains and the quicker the cooling is, the harder the steel becomes.4.The more the girls liked the moving story, the more it made them cry.5.The more he eats, the fatter he becomes.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.The doctor recommends that those stressed people should try some new, interesting and challenging things in order to give their negative feelings an outlet.2.The teacher gives more homework to the student who has bad grades, instead of allowing him to cut that down.3.Although I?ve delegated many tasks to other people, I?m still afraid that I won?t be able to finish the plan before the April 1 deadline.4.From a doctor?s viewpoint, the hotter-tempered people get, the more likely they are to lose control.Consequently, they tend to suffer from heart diseases.5.A teacher?s priorities include exciting students? interests and stimulating their creativity.X Translation English to Chinese 1.如果你常常生氣、心煩意亂、情緒激動，好像你生活中的壓力正在快速加劇并變得失去控制，那么你可能是在損害你的心臟了

2.多年來，他一直是一個“熱核反應(yīng)堆式的人”。表面上，他顯得沉著、冷靜和泰然自若，但他內(nèi)心深處的壓力使他筋疲力盡。

3.如果你生氣超過5分鐘——如果你生悶氣, 沒有安全的發(fā)泄渠道的話——你就必須弄清你生氣源自何處。

4.“你必須確定你能控制自己生活中的哪些部分，”他說。“在你人生道路上停下來，對自己說：?我要把指南針拿出來，弄明白自己需要干什么。?”

5.根據(jù)埃利奧特的觀點，控制壓力的另一關(guān)鍵因素是“要承認你生活中還有一些棘手的、你幾乎無法或完全無法控制的東西---比如經(jīng)濟以及政客們”。

XI 1.B 2B 3 C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.A 10.C 11A 12C 13A 14B 15B 16B 17C 18A 19A 20C

Section B.XVI 1.hazard 2.indispensable 3.consequence 4.consumption 5.discharged 6.ration 7.deny 8.ambition XVII 1.There isn?t anything to do other than wait to see what happens

2.Although Bill was going to the movies, he told Joe to the contrary

3.I wonder who it was that defined man as a rational animal

4.Traveling in that country isn?t necessarily expensive;you can find reasonably priced hotels and restaurants

5.Janet tends to get angry if you annoy her.6.I would rather walk there than go by bus.7.The food isn?t good, but at least it was cheap

8.He?s been burning the midnight oil for a week now, getting ready for finals

Unit eight Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.2.It is less important than being financially well off or successful

3.Work is not the only thing they live for, and they are meant to do more

4.To help students become aware of the meaning of life earlier.5.Education teaches us to see the connections between things as well as see beyond our immediate needs

6.We can improve our moral sense by acquiring knowledge accumulated throughout the ages.7.Without proper education, it will be more and more difficult for people to develop their moral sense.8.He hopes educators will not only prepare students for a career but also help them realize that there is a lot more to life than a job.III Vocabulary 1.render 2.contributions 3.weekly 4.preferable 5.accumulate 6.incredible 7.confine 8.salary IV．Filling the Blank 1.specialize in

2.in the long run

3.is so fond of

4.meant to

5.went on strike

6.proud of

7.is way up

8.as well as

V Word Building 1.weekly 2.active 3.worldly 4.costly 5.secondly 6.leisurely 7.earthly 8.customary 9.protective 10.progressive 11.sickly 12.momentary 13.manly 14.orderly VI 1.backward 2.strangely 3.outward 4.eventually 5.homeward 6.originally 7.sadly 8.inwards

VII Structure

1.On no account will they give up the plan

2.Little does he know how much his parents love him.3.Not until he read the report did he realize what a serious mistake he had made.4.Hardly could the poor old man fall asleep with a pain in his leg

5.Under no conditions will we give in to their demands.VIII.1.While I agree it is a tough problem, I don?t think it cannot be solved.2.While Sara cannot come to help us, she will give us some suggestions 3.While people admit pollution is very serious, few are willing to take any measures 4.While it?s raining hard now, it will clear up anytime.5.While it is true we need money badly, we cannot steal it.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.As well as some advice, he gave me a certain amount of money to start a small business.So now I want to render help to others with the money I?ve accumulated.2.According to an informal poll, most people hope the working hours will be reduced, because they?ve realized that there is a lot more to life than a job.3.These artists devoted all their lives to art, and made great contributions to the artistic field.4.At the weekly meeting, everyone must confine his remarks to the subject

5.If only I hadn?t said those silly words!I was too young to distinguish right from wrong

X Translation English to Chinese 1.這份調(diào)查報告揭示了我根據(jù)在梅肯和羅賓斯學(xué)生寄宿中心對學(xué)生進行的非正式民意調(diào)查所的結(jié)果：學(xué)生們認為如果某種東西(不管它是何物)沒有實際的經(jīng)濟意義，你不能把它當(dāng)酒喝、當(dāng)煙抽、當(dāng)錢花，那么 “它” 就簡直毫無價值。

2.如今人們對當(dāng)教師、社會服務(wù)和人文學(xué)科、還有種族和婦女研究的興趣都處于低潮。另一方面，攻讀商科、工程學(xué)及計算機科學(xué)的學(xué)生人數(shù)卻在迅速增加。

3.但是我們?yōu)槭裁床荒軆扇涿滥?！我們能不能教會人們既懂得謀生, 又懂得去成就一番事業(yè)?

4.這就是年齡和成熟帶給人的詮悟。大多數(shù)年齡約在30至50歲之間的人都會最終得出一個必然的結(jié)論，即他們不應(yīng)該僅僅是為某個公司、某個政府機構(gòu)或任何其他單位服務(wù)。

5.我們希望我們的教育工作者能滿足學(xué)生對職業(yè)教育的渴求，但與此同時，我們也要確保學(xué)生能為他們認識到自己短視的那一天作好準(zhǔn)備。

Section B.XVI 1.eliminate

2.displayed

3.implicit

4.proportion

5.motivated

6.prospect

7.preference

8.construct

XVII 1.correct form in particular

synonymespecially

2.correct formin short

synonymto give a summary

3.correct formare committed to

synonymstrongly plan to be

4.correct formbased … on synonymused … as a basis for

5.correct form By / In comparison

synonymCompared to(her big sister)

6.correct form at large

synonymat large

7.correct formplay it safe

synonymcarefully avoid risks

8.correct form associated with

Synonym linked / connected with

Unit NINE Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.The bill would give preferential treatment to foreign students with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to work in the United States.2.The author believes that the bill simply aims at stealing brains from the third world.3.They were against it, waving the slogan “Stop Brain Drain”.4.They strongly reacted against economic imperialism.One example is that they threw Coca-Cola out and made a new brand of drink called “Thumbs Up”.5.No.India didn?t close the country to the outside world, because at that time India also acquired the benefits of science and technology from advanced countries.6.The leaders failed to realize that the emphasis on science subjects at IIT could lead to students? lack of room for social thought.7.The focus of the entire education system in India now has shifted to meet the demand of the American computer industry.8.This new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in favor of market economics.9.“Thumbs Up” became a branch of Coca-Cola.10.Indian institutes should aim at training students not only in skills but in social thought.III Vocabulary 1.parallels 2.scope 3.drain 4.immigrants 5.commercial 6.provision 7.pledges 8.mushroomed IV．Filling the Blank 1.correct form:at the expense of Synonym: causing a loss to 2.correct form: keep pace with Synonym:keep up with, meet 3.correct form: In other words Synonym:To put it another way 4.correct form:In the meantime Synonym:Meanwhile 5.correct form:in favor of, approving of Synonym: in support of 6.correct form: falling apart;coming apart Synonym: Breaking into pieces 7.correct form: called for;needed Synonym:required 8.correct form: aimed at Synonym: with the purpose of

V Word Building 1.repaid the loan 2.reread 3.replaced 4.regaining 5.regenerate 6.reconsider 7.reconstruct 8.revisiting VI 1.dishonest 2.disintegrated 3.displeased 4.disappointed 5.disappearing 6.discharged 7.disclosed 8.dislike

VII Structure 1.They want not your pity but your help.(or: They don?t want your pity but your help.)2.You should pay attention not to what they say but to what they do.3.The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not to win but to take part.4.The President of Canada paid an official visit to America not by plane but by train.5.It was not that I overslept but that the bus was late.VIII.1.Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and Gandhi who, after absorbing Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their native land.2.When studying, he listens to the radio.3.He wrote his greatest novel while working on a ship.4.Once in trouble, you?ll be given a lot of help.5.If not the finest, it is one of the finest poems produced in recent years.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.Success calls for non-stop efforts.So Xiao Wang often worked until very late at night in the hope of keeping pace with the latest developments in computer technology.2.They eventually fulfilled their pledges to work for the freedom of their country at the expense of their lives.3.Considering that Peter?s plan didn?t hold water, the president abandoned it in favor of Tom?s idea over all the others?.4.As there wasn?t plenty of scope for young people at this company, Xiao Li quitted her job.In the meantime, she began to apply to an American university, aiming to study abroad.5.Lucy?s terrible references to the new leadership will probably change her treatment here.In other words, her comments will probably end the preferential treatment she has been getting at our company.X Translation English to Chinese 1.對我們這些移民來說，這一議案只不過是正式批準(zhǔn)一項美國工業(yè)界已秘密地執(zhí)行了近40年的政策而已—即從第三世界竊取人才的政策。

2.在獨立后的時代里，當(dāng)每一樣舶來貨都被認為含有殖民主義的毒素的時候，我們談?wù)摰氖羌彝バ」I(yè)和經(jīng)濟帝國主義。3.換句話說，從這個法規(guī)獲益的不是移民，而是如果沒有了這項法案就會陷于癱瘓的美國工業(yè)界。

4.因為印度技術(shù)學(xué)院無法培養(yǎng)足夠的畢業(yè)生去滿足這些需求?，F(xiàn)在，每一個街角都引人注目地豎著私人學(xué)校的招生廣告牌，這些學(xué)校可以頒發(fā)電腦編程證書。5.印度的人口最近已達到10億，但是國內(nèi)的供水、交通和保健體系卻正在迅速地分崩離析；它的公民們呼吸著對他們有很大危害的、被污染了的空氣。

Section B.XVI 1.Likewise 2.obliged 3.illegal 4.vague 5.lest 6.provoke 7.Exports 8.violated

XVII 1.out 2.on 3.in 4.from 5.of 6.As 7.on 8.with

Unit TEN

Section A II Comprehension of The Text 1.He was head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System and a news broadcaster.2.Murrow felt sorry for the suffering of London during the attack by the German bombers.3.Because he believed that whatever London had to endure, it could not be destroyed.4.They were sure about their ultimate triumph over England.5.They believed that London would surrender after it became a burned city.6.Because they had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force to battle the Nazis in the sky.7.On the one hand, they stayed calm and tried to continue living their lives;on the other hand, they did their best to help to defend their nation.8.He predicted that the English people would win the final victory.III Vocabulary 1.raid 2.surrender 3.ancient 4.endured 5.cast 6.historic 7.flames 8.survival

IV．Filling the Blank 1.over 2.in 3.in 4.from 5.under 6.on 7.down 8.for

V Word Building 1.misreported 2.misprinted 3.misspells 4.misplaced 5.misunderstood 6.misusing / misuse 7.mistake 8.misled VI 1.broaden 2.irresponsible 3.protective 4.characterized 5.redoubling 6.fashionable 7.unfair 8.disobeys

VII Structure 1.he were the only person who scored over 90 2.she had seen a ghost there 3.he were her son 4.an interview meeting the queen 5.he knew everything.VIII.1.You should wear whichever dress suits you best for the evening party.2.You can settle down in whichever area you choose.3.Whichever one(of you)comes first will receive a gift.4.All my books are here.You may borrow whichever one you like.5.I have several spare rooms.Whichever one you want is yours.IX Translation Chinese to English 1.People dressed themselves decently and flocked to the square for the celebration.2.The handful of soldiers fought bravely against the enemies and died heroic deaths.3.In the accident, over three hundred people were buried underneath the wreckage waiting to be rescued.4.She endured all kinds of hardships on the journey;nothing could keep her from finding her lost daughter.5.Don?t get mixed up with that gang.They have committed many crimes in broad daylight.X Translation English to Chinese 1.在1940年的炎夏和早秋的一個個夜晚，有一個深沉而平穩(wěn)的聲音飛越大西洋，從英國傳到美國，講述著英國在德國轟炸機輪番進攻下為生存而進行的戰(zhàn)斗。

2.他的聲音里表達了一種為這個古老城市遭受的苦難而感到的悲痛，同時還傳遞著一種信心——一種相信無論要去忍受什么樣的苦難倫敦也將巍然屹立的信念。

3.倫敦的苦難實際上開始于九月的第一個星期, 那時希特勒最終確信英國人不打算投降。4.雷達警報器在尖叫, 救護車從一個充滿痛苦的地方向另一個充滿痛苦的地方飛速行駛, 而消防隊員則每時每刻面對的是熊熊火焰。

5.默羅知道英國的命運取決于這些人的決心：商店里和馬路上的人們、酒店里喝酒的男人們、家庭婦女們、那些在屋頂上監(jiān)視著火情的人們、那些有無數(shù)困難而痛苦的事情要做的人們。

XI 1.closer / deeper / careful study of,the table / graph / diagram,derive from them / it 2.According to my own lights,insight / truth gleaned ,from ,the changes 3.confirmed,table 4.insight / truth obtained fromthe data 5.as is known to all 6.established insight / truth deduced fromthe changes 7.lies not merely with, but also with 8.As the experts point out,will be literally descriptive / characteristic of

Section B.XVI 1.heal 2.royal 3.realistically 4.glimpse 5.swaying 6.outwrd 7.layout 8.weeded XVII 1.wanting in

2.towered over 3.made for

4.broke off

5.gave way to

6.sank into

7.It is expected you will

8.remained of

第三篇：新視野大學(xué)英語第二冊讀寫教程課文翻譯

新視野大學(xué)英語二級讀寫教程翻譯（第一版）

Unit 1 時間觀念強的美國人

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美國人認為沒有人會停止不前。如果你不求進取，就會落伍。這種態(tài)度造就了一個決心投身于研究、實驗和探索的民族。時間是美國人注意節(jié)約的兩個要素之一，另一個則是工作。人們一直在說: “只有時間才能支配我們。” 人們似乎是把時間當(dāng)作一個差不多是實實在在的東西來對待的。我們安排時間、節(jié)約時間、浪費時間、擠搶時間、消磨時間、縮減時間、對時間的使用作出解釋;我們還要因時間而收取費用。時間是一種寶貴的資源。許多人都深感人生的短暫。一旦人生的光陰逝去，就不能復(fù)返了。我們應(yīng)當(dāng)讓每一分鐘都過得有意義。

外國人對美國的第一印象很可能就是：每個人都顯得匆匆忙忙—常常是處于壓力之下。城里人看上去總是在匆匆地趕往他們要去的地方，在商店里他們焦躁不安地指望店員能馬上來為他們服務(wù)，或者為了想趕快買完東西，用肘來推搡他人。白天人人都急急忙忙地吃飯則部分地體現(xiàn)了這個國家的生活節(jié)奏。工作時間被認為是寶貴的。在公共用餐場所，人們等著別人吃完，這樣可以輪到他們，以按時趕回去工作。你還會發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車司機開車很魯莽, 人們推搡著在你身邊過去。你會懷念微笑、簡短的交談及與陌生人的隨意閑聊。不要覺得 這是針對你個人的，這是因為人們非常珍惜時間，而且也不喜歡他人不得當(dāng)?shù)亍袄速M”時間。

許多剛到美國的人會懷念諸如商務(wù)拜訪等場合開始時的寒喧。他們也會懷念那種喝著招待客人的茶或咖啡的禮節(jié)性交往, 這也許是他們自己國家的一種習(xí)俗。他們也許還會想念在飯店或咖啡館里談生意時的那種輕松悠閑的交談。一般說來，美國人是不會在如此輕松的環(huán)境里通過長時間的閑聊來評估他們的客人的，更不用說他們會在增進相互間信任的過程中帶他們出去吃飯，或帶他們?nèi)ジ郀柗蚯驁?。既然我們通常是通過工作而不是社交來評估和了解他人的，我們就開門見山地談生意。因此時間老是在我們的耳朵里嘀嗒嘀嗒地響著。因而我們千方百計地節(jié)約時間。我們發(fā)明了一系列節(jié)省勞力的裝置；我們通過發(fā)傳真、打電話或發(fā)電子郵件與他人迅速地進行交流, 而不是通過直接接觸。雖然面對面接觸令人愉快，但卻要化更多的時間, 尤其是在馬路上交通擁擠時。因此我們把大多數(shù)個人間的拜訪放在下班以后的時間里或周末的社交聚會上進行。

就我們而言，電子交流的缺乏人情味與我們手頭上事情的重要性之間很少有或完全沒有關(guān)系。在有些國家里, 沒有當(dāng)面接觸就做不成大生意, 需要面對面的交談。在美國，最后協(xié)議通常也需要本人簽字。然而現(xiàn)在人們越來越多的是在電視屏幕上見面，開電信會議不僅能解決本國的問題，而且還能— 通過衛(wèi)星—解決國與國之間的問題。美國無疑是一個電話王國。幾乎每個人都在用電話做生意、與朋友聊天、安排或取消社交約會、說聲 “謝謝”、購物、或去獲得各種信息。電話不但能免去你的走路之勞，而且還能為你節(jié)約大量時間。其部分原因在于這樣一個事實：美國的電話服務(wù)是一流的，而郵政服務(wù)的效率則差勁多了。有些初來美國的人很可能來自其它的文化背景，在那里人們認為工作太快是一種失禮。在他們看來，如果不是花一定時間來處理某件事的話，則這件事就好像是無足輕重的，不值得給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?。因此，人們覺得用的時間長會增加所做事情的重要性。但在美國，能迅速而又成功地解決問題或完成工作，則被視為是有水平、有能力的標(biāo)志。通常，工作越重要，投入的資金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是 “使工作開展起來”。

UNIT2 世界各地的環(huán)境保護

--------世界上大部分地區(qū)不存在環(huán)保意識。絕大多數(shù)國家只顧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，而不顧經(jīng)濟發(fā)展對全球生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響。但近年來，隨著環(huán)境損害的日益嚴重，世界各地已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了許多變化的跡象。下面就是幾個正在采取環(huán)境保護新舉措的國家的例子。

加拿大

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當(dāng)歐洲的探險者剛踏上新大陸時，后來成為加拿大東部和新英格蘭的沿海漁場盛產(chǎn)鱈魚及其他魚類。號稱大淺灘的海域是當(dāng)時世界上產(chǎn)魚最多的漁場。

500年以后的今天，過度捕撈已使魚的數(shù)量減少到危險的程度。針對這一情況，加拿大關(guān)閉了這一捕鱈海域，并對其他魚類的捕撈量也作出嚴格限制。

加拿大在20世紀(jì)70年代也曾采過取類似措施來保護鯡魚的數(shù)量，最終鯡魚的數(shù)量得到了恢復(fù)。但是專家們說，由于時下的濫捕，某些魚類可能永遠也恢復(fù)不到原來的數(shù)量了。政府也面臨著來自加拿大漁民的抗議。因為禁漁和捕魚數(shù)量的減少，現(xiàn)在己有大約4萬漁民失業(yè)。

哥斯達黎加

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這個中美洲國家為保護其熱帶雨林的生態(tài)多樣性，已制訂出世界上最為雄心勃勃的的規(guī)劃之一。這個國家許多地區(qū)的樹木已被砍伐殆盡，而且土地流失范圍十分廣。但是人們制訂了一系列新的環(huán)境保護法，還新建了占四分之一國土面積的公園和自然保護區(qū)，目的是要保護哥斯達黎加現(xiàn)存的森林。巴西

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巴西是全世界最大的熱帶叢林-亞馬遜雨林的生長地。幾十年來，巴西政府一直在致力于開拓和開發(fā)亞馬遜雨林，給這個地區(qū)及其居民帶來了嚴重的環(huán)境災(zāi)難。

但在1991年，在世界各地環(huán)境保護者的壓力下，巴西徹底改弦更張。它取消了原本旨在鼓勵砍伐亞馬遜雨林的稅收優(yōu)惠，而且還批準(zhǔn)了給新的森林保護項目提供資金的計劃。

養(yǎng)牛場場主、礦工和移民們反對這個措施，繼續(xù)破壞森林, 雖然破壞速度比過去已放慢。去年，礦工們?yōu)榱藸帄Z印第安人的土地而殺死了一群居住在亞馬遜雨林里的印第安人后，沖突擴大了。巴西政府承諾，將保護該地區(qū)的土著居民，但人們對這個承諾的可信度仍心存疑慮。

東歐

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東歐各國，包括波蘭、匈牙利、捷克和斯洛伐克共和國，被認為是世界上工業(yè)化國家中污染最嚴重的。開挖煤礦時逸出的重金屬已經(jīng)污染了這個地區(qū)的許多水域。河流、土地及森林的污染是如此嚴重，以至現(xiàn)在其中的許多在生物學(xué)上來講已經(jīng)死亡。

通過簽訂一系列專門性條約，東歐國家已與許多其它國家，包括美國，設(shè)立了用來凈化環(huán)境和改善該地區(qū)發(fā)電廠的特別基金。此外，德國和捷克共和國已簽訂了一項條約以保護易北河，使之不再進一步被污染。專家們說該條約可被視為保護該地區(qū)其它河流，包括奧德河和多瑙河在內(nèi)，的典范。

加納

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加納的人口一直在以每年3.2%的速度增長。這種人口激增已導(dǎo)致了該國許多地方森林的消失及對現(xiàn)存農(nóng)田過度耕作。森林正在以每年278平方英里的速度被砍伐。

針對這一情況，政府鼓勵當(dāng)?shù)卮迩f建立更多的共有農(nóng)田。為恢復(fù)荒地的地力，它資助人們種植諸如木薯、玉米、棉花之類的經(jīng)濟作物和植樹造林。觀察家們稱該計劃已成功地鞏固了該國的農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)，而且還給村民們帶來了新的財源。但是要知道這些措施是否會產(chǎn)生足夠的影響來減緩砍伐森林的速度，尚須時日。印度尼西亞

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印度尼西亞人傳統(tǒng)上偏愛大家庭，他們的主要宗教伊斯蘭教不贊成節(jié)制生育。但是這個人口達1.88億的國家正在為了給其人民提供足夠的食物、住房和工作機會而苦苦掙扎。印尼政府近幾年來已發(fā)動了一場大規(guī)模的廣告宣傳運動來鼓勵節(jié)制生育，并提出了鼓勵措施，如提供免費去沙特阿拉伯的麥加-伊斯蘭教的誕生地-的機會。

印尼政府已成功地擴大了實行節(jié)制生育的范圍，節(jié)育人口已從20年前的10%增加到今天的49%。其結(jié)果是每個婦女從平均生育5.6個孩子下降到平均生育3個。印尼政府希望到2005年的時候，每個婦女的平均生育數(shù)可下降到2.1個。但是因為該國的人口基數(shù)十分大，要想達到政府的人口目標(biāo)，印尼還必須再轉(zhuǎn)變幾百萬人的思想，讓他們接受節(jié)制生育的觀念。

UNIT3 跨國婚姻

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我和蓋爾計劃舉行一個不事張揚的婚禮。在一起相處的兩年中，我們經(jīng)歷了一對情侶在學(xué)著相互了解、理解和尊重時常常出現(xiàn)的磕磕碰碰。但在這整整兩年間，我們坦誠地面對了彼此性格中的弱點和長處。

我們之間的種族及文化差異不但增強了我們的關(guān)系，還教會了我們彼此間要寬容、諒解和開誠布公。蓋爾有時不明白為何我和其他黑人如此熱衷于種族問題，她好像忘記了美國社會中種族仇恨更加微妙的表現(xiàn)形式，這一點令我感到驚訝。

作為一對居住在美國、異族通婚的夫妻，我和蓋爾對未來不抱絲毫幻想。相互信任和尊重是我們倆永不枯竭的力量源泉。

許多夫妻因為錯誤的理由結(jié)了婚, 結(jié)果在10年、20年或30年后才發(fā)覺他們原來是合不來的，他們在婚前幾乎沒有化時間去了解彼此，他們忽視了嚴重的性格差異，指望婚姻會自然而然地解決各種問題。我們希望避免重蹈復(fù)轍。下列事實強調(diào)了這樣一點：已經(jīng)結(jié)婚35年的蓋爾父母正經(jīng)歷著一場充滿怨恨、令人痛苦的婚變，這件事給了蓋爾以毀滅性的打擊, 并一度給我們正處于萌芽狀態(tài)的關(guān)系帶來了負面的影響。

當(dāng)蓋爾把我們計劃舉辦婚禮的消息告訴她家人時，她遇到了一些阻力。她的母親德博拉過去一直贊成我們的關(guān)系，甚至還開過玩笑，問我們打算何時結(jié)婚，這樣她就可以抱外孫了。但這次聽到我們的消息時，她沒向我們表示祝賀，相反卻勸蓋爾想想清楚自己的決定是否正確。

“這么說我跟他約會沒錯, 但是如果我跟他結(jié)婚，就錯了。媽媽，是不是因為他的膚色？” 蓋爾后來告訴我她曾這樣問她母親。

“首先我必須承認, 剛開始時我對異族通婚是有保留的，也許你甚至可以把這稱為偏見。但是當(dāng)我見到馬克時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個既討人喜歡又聰明的年輕人。任何一個母親都會因為有這樣一個女婿而感到臉上有光的。所以，這事跟膚色沒有關(guān)系。是的, 我的朋友們會有閑話。有些朋友甚至對你所做的事表示震驚。但他們是生活在一個和我們不同的世界里的人。因此要明白，馬克的膚色不是個問題。我最大的擔(dān)心的是你也許跟我當(dāng)初嫁給你爸爸一樣，是因為錯誤的原因而嫁給馬克的。當(dāng)年我和你爸爸相遇時，我也把他看作是個可愛、聰明、討人喜歡和善解人意的人。一切都是多么新鮮、多么令人興奮。而且我們倆人都認為-至少在表面上是如此-我們的婚姻是理想婚姻，而且一切跡象都表明是會天長地久的。直到后來我才明白，在我們結(jié)婚時，我并不十分理解我所愛的人-你的爸爸?！? “但是我和馬克呆在一起已有2年多了,” 蓋爾抱怨道?！拔覀儌z一起經(jīng)歷了許許多多的事情。我們彼此已很多次看到對方最糟糕的一面。我可以肯定時間只會證明我們是彼此深情相愛的?！?/p>

“你也許是對的。但我還是認為再等一段時間有好處。你今年才25歲?！?/p>

蓋爾的父親戴維-我還未見過他的面-以知女莫若父的態(tài)度來對付我們的決定。他問的問題基本上和蓋爾母親的問題相同: “干嗎這么匆忙？這個馬克是什么人？他是什么公民身份?” 當(dāng)他得知我在公民身份部門遇到的問題時, 就懷疑我是因為想留在美國而娶他的女兒的。

“不過爸爸，你這話講得太難聽了,” 蓋爾說。

“那么干嗎要這樣著急？拖一段時間再說，拖一段時間再說,” 他重復(fù)說著。

“馬克以前是有過公民身份方面的問題，但他總是在自己處理這些問題,” 蓋爾辯解道。“ 事實上，當(dāng)我們在討論結(jié)婚的時候，他清楚地表明了這樣一點：如果我對任何事情有懷疑, 我完全可以取消我們的計劃?！?/p>

她的父親開始引用統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)說明異族通婚的夫妻離婚率比同族結(jié)婚的夫妻要高，而且還列舉了接受過他咨詢的、在婚姻上有麻煩的異族通婚夫婦的例子。

他問道：“你考慮過你以后的孩子可能會遭受的苦難嗎？”

“爸，你是個種族主義分子嗎?”

“不，當(dāng)然不是。但你必須得現(xiàn)實一點。”

“也許我們的孩子會遇到一些問題。但誰的孩子不會呢？ 但是有一樣?xùn)|西他們將會永遠擁有：我們的愛和奉獻?！?/p>

“那是一種理想主義的想法。人們對異族通婚生下的孩子是會很殘酷的?！?/p>

“爸爸，到時候，我們自己會操心的。但是假如我們在做什么事之前，必須把所有的疑難問題全部解決的話，那么我們幾乎就什么都干不成了?！?/p>

“請記住，回心轉(zhuǎn)意是永遠不會太遲的。”

UNIT4 到國外求學(xué)

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選擇去美國完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)的巴西青年所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。

830號班機。起飛時間：晚上十時四十五分。

乍一看，這不過是又一架飛往加州洛杉磯市的普通班機。然而對于飛機上的38個年齡在15到18歲之間的年輕乘客來說，這是一次全新經(jīng)歷的開始： 他們將遠離家人去國外留學(xué)，度過他們生命中的10個月。美國平均每年要接待78，000名中學(xué)學(xué)歷程度的外國學(xué)生，其中3，000個來自巴西。他們都是因為同樣的原因赴美的--學(xué)會流利的英語、完成中學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)以及盡可能了解有關(guān)美國生活方式的方方面面。在每個學(xué)期結(jié)束時，只要這些學(xué)生能通過期末考試，美國當(dāng)局就會向他們頒發(fā)證書，巴西是承認這種證書的。

對大多數(shù)學(xué)生來說，至少要經(jīng)過6個月的精心籌劃才能作出到國外學(xué)習(xí)的決定?！皩ξ襾碚f，” 17歲的格洛里亞·馬卡托說: “學(xué)會講英語及體驗這種經(jīng)歷比從美國政府那里拿到一張證書更為重要?！?其他人則向往能繼續(xù)上大學(xué)。桑德羅·羅德里戈·德·巴洛斯明確表示: “我想做一名音樂指揮家，而且我已經(jīng)選擇好了美國最好的音樂學(xué)院?！?/p>

正如他們所說的那樣，事情并不總是那么順利。甚至那些計劃在美國完成兩個學(xué)期中學(xué)課程的年輕學(xué)生也很難找到接待家庭。很少有學(xué)生在到達這個國家時，就把一切細節(jié)都安排妥貼了的。格洛里亞·馬卡托是其中的一個幸運者。在出國前，她收到了2封信及幾張她的新“父母”的照片。格洛里亞說: “我認為一切都取決于你怎樣回答巴西這邊的海外留學(xué)公司寄給你的問卷調(diào)查。舉個例子說吧, 我是不惜紙墨的。我甚至描寫了我的四條狗，還說我每個星期天都去做禮拜?！?她達到了目的。美國人篤信宗教（絕大多數(shù)美國人都是基督教徒), 而且寵物在他們心里占有特殊的地位。雖然可以減免一小部分所得稅, 接待海外留學(xué)生的美國家庭是不向?qū)W生收錢的。

每個孩子的個人用品、娛樂、長途電話及衣服都得自己掏錢。每個月的這些費用加起來就要 200 到 300 美元。怕萬一生病，每個學(xué)生都得辦一張醫(yī)療幫助卡。健康保險不包括艾滋病、人工流產(chǎn)和自殺后的治療，也不支付治療牙齒和配眼鏡的費用。

事實上，大多數(shù)學(xué)生在離家時，都知道他們將在沒有原來所習(xí)慣了的父母照顧的情況下自己生活, 學(xué)會自己照料自己。然而，他們沒有人會獨自整理行裝。父母們一直在給他們出主意，甚至幫他們裝箱打包。這些小青年在做這類事的時候常常顯得缺乏實踐經(jīng)驗。他們帶了許多不必要的東西。一個來自巴西南部的學(xué)生把2個大箱子塞得滿滿的，此外，還得考慮她隨身攜帶的行李。結(jié)果她無法一個人帶著這么多東西踏上旅途。

對許多學(xué)生來說，在機場與親友告別是他們最難受的時候。即使朋友們及家人支持他們出國留學(xué), 但在此時此刻說聲再見卻是很困難的。帕特里夏·卡格利恩說: “拋下你所愛的人，特別是男朋友, 是很不容易的。我在飛機起飛的時候哭了，到了飛機上還在哭?！?/p>

學(xué)生們在等待美國國內(nèi)班機把他們帶到在美國的臨時家庭時又緊張了一陣。從那以后，每個人都得自己照料自己了。沒有人真正知道自己該如何去適應(yīng)這新的環(huán)境。雖然大多數(shù)外國學(xué)生將留在加利福尼亞州，但也有人要被送往德克薩斯、亞利桑那、愛達荷、俄克拉荷馬及弗吉尼亞等州去。

幾天以后，普遍的抱怨就是食物了?！半m然我的適應(yīng)能力很強，可我真的很想念米飯和豆類菜肴。這里的食物看上去不太有營養(yǎng)。” 費爾南多·安德雷德哀怨地說。大多數(shù)年輕人遇到的另一個大問題，就是他們遠在他鄉(xiāng)、倍思親人。

留學(xué)計劃中有一條與時間有關(guān)的重要規(guī)定，這是由接待家庭的 “父母” 制定的。根據(jù)這條規(guī)定, 這些十幾歲的孩子們在周末晚上必須回家。“他們真的很嚴格吶,” 剛學(xué)完第一學(xué)期的朱莉安娜·馬蒂尼說。“你必須在晚上十點半以前到家。如果做不到,就會受罰。”

剛到美國時, 有些孩子對英語幾乎一竅不通。在這種情況下，唯一的解決方法就是請私人語言教師。這樣就增加了留學(xué)的費用，加上飛機票，估計費用大約為3,800 美元。

UNIT5 我為女兒抽煙哭泣

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我的女兒會抽煙。她做家庭作業(yè)時，腳擱在前面的長凳上，計算機嗒嗒地跳出幾何題的答案。我看著那包已抽了一半、她隨意扔在緊靠手邊處的駱駝牌香煙。我拿起香煙，走到廚房里去仔細察看，那里的光線好一點--謝天謝地，那是有過濾嘴的?？晌倚睦飬s感到十分難過。我想哭。事實上，站在廚房煤氣灶旁邊, 我確實哭過。我手里捏著一支雪白雪白的香煙，制作得非常精致。那可是會致我女兒于死地的東西啊。當(dāng)她抽“萬寶路”及“運動員”牌香煙時，我硬起心腸, 不讓自己感到難過。我認識的人當(dāng)中沒有那個抽過這兩種牌子的香煙。

她不知道我父親、也就是她外公生前抽的就是駱駝牌香煙。但是在他開始抽機制卷煙之前--那時他很年輕、也很窮，但眼睛炯炯有神--他抽的是用阿爾伯特親王牌煙絲自己手工卷制的香煙。我還記得那鮮紅的煙絲罐頭，上面有一張維多利亞女王的丈夫阿爾伯特親王身穿黑色燕尾服、手拿一支手杖的圖片。

到40年代末、50年代初，我的家鄉(xiāng)喬治亞州的伊頓鎮(zhèn)上已沒有人再自己手工制作卷煙了（而且?guī)缀鯖]有女人抽煙）。煙草業(yè)，再加上好來塢電影--影 片中的男女主角都是老煙鬼--把像我父親那樣的人完完全全爭取了過去, 他們無可救藥地抽煙上了癮。然而我父親看上去從來就沒有像阿爾伯特親王那樣時髦。他還是一個貧窮、過于肥胖、為養(yǎng)活一大家人而拼命干活的男人。他渾身漆黑，嘴里卻總叼著一支雪白的香煙。

我記不清父親是什么時候開始咳嗽的, 也許開始時并不明顯, 他早晨一下床點燃第一支香煙時才有點微咳。到我16歲, 也就是我女兒現(xiàn)在這般年齡時，他一呼吸就呼哧呼哧的，讓人感到不安；他上樓時每走三、四級樓梯就得停下來休息一會兒。他常常一連咳上一個來小時。

肺病把我父親折磨得虛弱不堪, 一個嚴冬，他死于被叫做“窮人的朋友”的疾病--肺炎。他咳嗽了這么多年，我想他的肺部已沒有什么完好的地方了。去世前幾年，他的呼吸已經(jīng)很虛弱了，他總得倚靠著某個東西。我記得有一次全家聚會，當(dāng)時我女兒才2歲，他抱了她一會兒，好讓我有時間給他倆拍張照片。但是很明顯，他是費了好大勁的。他生命行將結(jié)束前, 主要是因為他的肺功能已極度受損，他才戒了煙。戒煙后他的體重增加了幾磅，但當(dāng)時他太瘦了，所以沒人注意到這一點。

我到第三世界國家去旅行時，看到了許多像我父親和女兒那樣的人。到處都有針對他們這兩類人的巨大廣告牌：強壯、自信或時髦、年齡較大的男人, 以及漂亮、“世故”的年青女人，都在吞云吐霧。就像在美國的市中心區(qū)和印第安人的居留地上發(fā)生的事一樣。在這些貧困的國家里，那些本應(yīng)該化在食物上的錢卻流進了煙草公司。久而久之，人們不但缺少食物，而且還缺少空氣，這樣不但大大地削弱了孩子們的體質(zhì)，還使他們?nèi)旧狭藷煱a，最終還會致他們于死地。我在報紙及我訂閱的園藝雜志上看到, 煙蒂的毒性是很強的：一個嬰兒如果吞下了一個煙蒂，就很有可能會死去； 沸水加一把煙蒂就成了很有效的殺蟲劑。

作為一個母親，我感到深深的痛苦。有時我有一種無能為力的感覺。我記得自己懷孕時，吃東西的時候是多么當(dāng)心啊！之后在教她如何安全穿過馬路時，又是多么耐心?。∮袝r我納悶：自己這樣做到底是為了什么? 難道是為了她今后大半輩子有氣無力地掙扎著呼吸，然后再像她外公那樣自己把自己毒死？

我特別喜歡一條寫在受傷害婦女收容所里的語錄： “人間平安，始于家庭?！?我認為世上所有東西都是如此。我還想起了另一條寫給那些想戒煙的人們的語錄： “每個家庭都應(yīng)該是禁煙區(qū)?！?抽煙是一種自我毀滅，而且也毀滅著那些不得不坐在你身邊的人。那些人偶爾也會取笑或抱怨抽煙，可常常只能無可奈何地坐在一邊看。我現(xiàn)在意識到了，當(dāng)我還是一個孩子時，許多年中我實際上是一直坐在旁邊，看著我父親自殺。對那些生意興隆的煙草公司的巨頭們來說，能在我家取得這樣一種勝利，肯定是夠滿意了。

UNIT6 人如其名

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在她人生最初的24年里，人們一直叫她黛比--一個和她漂亮的容貌和優(yōu)雅的風(fēng)度不相配的名字?！拔业拿掷鲜鞘刮矣X得自己應(yīng)該是一個女廚子,” 她抱怨道?！拔艺娴牟幌胍毂冗@個名字?！?/p>

一天，在填寫一張申請一個出版業(yè)工作職位的表格時，這位小姐一時沖動,用她的中名林恩替換了她的名字黛比?！斑@是我一生中干過的最漂亮的事,”現(xiàn)在她對人這樣說。“我一停止稱自己為黛比，我就對自己感到比較舒坦了……而且其他人也開始更認真地對待我了。” 在成功地通過那次工作面試兩年后，這位昔日的女服務(wù)員現(xiàn)在成了一位成功的雜志編輯。朋友和同事們都叫她林恩。

當(dāng)然, 黛比(或林恩)的職業(yè)成就并不是改名帶來的，但是它肯定給她帶來了好處，雖說改名僅使她對自己的才能增加了一點點自信。社會科學(xué)家認為你叫什么名字會影響你的生活。自古至今，名字不僅被用來識別人，而且也被用來描述人。圣經(jīng)上說： “……人如其名 ……”，此外韋伯斯特大詞典也對名字作了如下的定義： “表達某種特點的一個或幾個字, 這種特點被認為反映了某人或某事的本質(zhì)、或描述了某人某事，常表示嘉許或不喜歡的意思?！?請好好注意這幾個詞：“嘉許或不喜歡。” 不管是好是歹，諸如友好或拘謹，相貌平常或漂亮嫵媚等品質(zhì)特征已經(jīng)和你的名字連在了一起，甚至在他人見到你這個人之前就已經(jīng)知道了你的這些品質(zhì)和特征。

名字已成為特定形象的組成部分, 任何一個被稱為“相貌平常的珍妮”或“普普通通的喬”的人都能證明這一點。后面的那個名字特別使我煩惱，因為我的名字也叫喬。有些人認為這個名字使我更適合于做一個棒球運動員而不是，比如說，藝術(shù)評論家。然而，盡管有此不利，我確實曾一度努力想成為一名評論家。即使如此，一家著名雜志一直拒絕把“喬”作為我的文章的作者署名，而是用我名字的首字母 J.S.來代替它。我懷疑假如我的名字是比較文雅的阿瑟、或艾德里安的話，我的名字早已完整地出現(xiàn)在雜志上了。

當(dāng)然, 有積極含義的名字對你是有好處的，甚至能促進你結(jié)交新友。最新調(diào)查表明：美國男人認為蘇珊是最有吸引力的女性名字，而女人則認為里查德和戴維是男人中最有吸引力的名字。我認識一個女人，她拒絕了一次由第三方安排的、與一個叫哈里的男人的約會，因為“這人聽上去沒勁”。可就在幾天后的一個晚間聚會上，她走到我身邊，催逼著我把她介紹給一個給人以深刻印象的男人；他們倆人整個晚上都在互送秋波。“哦”，我說“你指的是哈里呀?！彼犃撕蟾械胶軐擂巍?/p>

雖然我們中大多數(shù)人會認為自己沒有這樣的偏見看法，但在某種程度上，我們都有對名字產(chǎn)生固定看法的毛病。老老實實地坦白：你碰到一個名叫奈杰兒的木匠會不會感到驚訝呢？ 或是一個叫伯撒的物理學(xué)家呢？抑或是一個叫梅爾的教皇呢？ 正如我的一位女性朋友在照看一批托兒所里的四歲兒童時所發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣, 我們常常把由名字引起的固定想法加到他人身上。“在托兒所里,有一次我想叫一個名字為朱利安的、活躍的小男孩靜靜地坐下來看書, 同時把一個喜歡沉思的、名叫羅里的孩子推出去打球。因為他們的名字，我把他們的性格給搞混了！”

很明顯，這樣的偏見也會影響課堂效果的。在一項由圣迭戈州立大學(xué)的赫伯特·哈拉里及喬治亞州立大學(xué)的約翰·麥克戴維主持的研究中，與名叫邁克和戴維的作文卷子相比，教師老是給卷上名字為埃爾默和休伯特的男孩寫的文章打較低的分數(shù), 實際這是同樣的兩份卷子。但是教師的偏見不是造成課堂得分差別的唯一原因。坦普爾大學(xué)的托馬斯·V·巴斯博士和路易莎·塞雷達里恩發(fā)現(xiàn)：那些名叫琳達、戴安娜、芭芭拉、卡羅爾及辛迪之類的女孩們在評分客觀公正的智力測驗和學(xué)業(yè)成績測驗中的成績比那些名字不太有吸引力的女孩要好。（一個與之配套的研究表明：女孩受同齡人歡迎的程度也與她們的名字受歡迎的程度有關(guān)系。雖然對男孩來說這種關(guān)系不太明顯。）

雖然你父母很可能打算讓你的名字一輩子用下去，但記住, 他們選這個名字的時侯，也許還沒有見過你呢。而且, 當(dāng)他們選擇這個名字時，他們所重視的希望和夢想也許不符合你的希望和夢想。假如你的名字看上去不再跟你相配時，不要苦惱；你不必一輩子用這個名字。影星們經(jīng)常改名，而且是懷著某種決心這樣做的，你也可以這樣做。

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第四篇：21世紀(jì) 大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊Unit 10

Unit 10The Next 30 Years

I.Teaching Objectives

1.Understand the audio materials of this unit.2.Grasp the key words , phrases and structure.3.Master the skills of writing and reading in this unit.1)Developing prediction+illustrations passages

2)Scanning for organization in reading materials.II.Teaching Content

1.Lead-in Activities

2.Text Organization

3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading.Language Points(key words, phrases and difficult sentences)

5.Grammar Focus(“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”).Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

III.Teaching Process

1.Warm-up Questions/Activity

1)Group Writing

looking for one aspect about the future development or problems and focusing on it and working together with the group members to write up a whole paragraph:

What will happen and what will the future be like in the next 30 years?

2)General introduction : This article looks to the future in the next 30 years.It predicts about living standards,life expectancy, lifestyle and risks and problems.The author describes a beautiful blue print passionately and imaginatively.We are lucky and happpy to enter another hitech era and enjoy the advance of technology but we also must hold a caucious attitude toward the future dangers and problems.2.Text Organization

The text can be divided into four parts:

Part I(para1-2)General introduction: Influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future, the author offers his predictions in the next 30 years.Part II(para4-14)There will be great new achievements in the next 30 years: rising living standards, increased life expectancy and better lifestyle.Part III(para16-18)Humans will also face some dangers and problems in the next 30 years: violence and environmental devastation.Part IV(para19)A conclusion—Despite the above-mentioned problems, human civilization is still making genuine progress.3.Skill Learning in Writing and Reading

1)Writing Skill: Developing prediction+illustrations passages

This kind of passage begins with general prediction, and then is supported by illustrations.Example:

The trends indicate that next semester, teachers will be better off than ever before.All of

them will receive salaries much higher than their parents and grandparents ever dreamed of.At the same time, treated with greater respect by their students, teachers around the globe will enjoy their work much more.As a result, their mental and physical health will improve.Happy and satisfied teachers will become commonplaces.2)Reading Skill: Scanning for organization in reading materials.When you’re reading a text in order to find specific information, scanning it first to get an idea of the way the text is organized can be a big help.Visual clues—things like numbers and dates;lists, sections and subtitles(小標(biāo)題);dialogs, quotations and recurring phrases—are easy to see in a text, and can often give us a good picture of its organization and content before we start reading.When we read in our own language, we usually notice the visual clues automatically, without thinking about them.When you’re reading in English, paying conscious attention to visual clues before you read can improve your comprehension and make your reading more efficient.4.Language Points

1)In less than 3 years the world will reach the outstanding year 2000, and in less

than four----on January 1, 2001, to be precise-----a new millennium will begin.(para1)

outstanding: adj.striking, great

precise: adj.a)exact in form, detail, measurements, time, etc.精確的b)particular;exact;very 恰好的c)sharply clear極清楚的Example:

Now the time is about four o'clock, or to be precise, it is one minute past four.2)I am encouraged to offer my personal view of what is likely to happen in the next 30 years—a view that is heavily influenced by years of reading articles and books about the future.(para1)a view:an idea/a notion/an attitude

3)The problems and dangers now facing the world are, in my judgement, for outweighed by solutions and opportunities.(para2)

Paraphrase----In my opinion, though the world is faced with problems and dangers , what is much more important is that there are solutions to these problems and dangers as well as opportunities for solving them.In one’s judgement: in one’s opinion

Examples:

In my judgement, we should do it.In the parents’ judgement, children should be more independent.outweigh: vtbe more important than

4)It is true enough that humans have an extraordinary genius for making mistakes, but it is balanced by our strong tendency to notice and correct them.(para2)

Paraphrase----It is true , indeed, that humans are especially capable of making mistakes, but it is also true that they always tend to see the mistakes and correct them.Genius: n.special quality

Examples:

Its simplicity is the genius of the plan.Competition is the genius of market-oriented economy.balance: vt cause to be equal in importance, amount, weight, etc.;offset

tendency:n inclination;way a person or thing tends to be or behave

Examples:

He has a tendency to talk too much.Prices are showing an upward tendency.5)The trends indicate that humans will be better off economically 30 years from now than they

are today.(para4)

be better off: be in comfortable economic ciecumstance;have more money than beforeExamples:

She was much better off after she got a second job.Most people believe that people will be off in the future.6)Expertise will flow easily and cheaply to places where it is needed.Paraphrase----Special skill and knowledge will be available conveniently and at low cost to

people in different places who need it.(para4)

7)New materials will permit improvements in products ranging from refrigerators to

automobiles;…(para5)

Paraphrase----New materials will make it possible to affect improvements in a large variety

of products including refrigerators and automobiles.range from…to…: vary from…to…

8)…stocking and underwear may not wear out during the owner’s lifetime.(para5)

Paraphrase----stocking and underwear may last as long as the wearer’s life.9)Life expectancy will rise around the world,…(para7)

life expectancy: the length of time a person, animal, or plant is expected to live

Examples:

Women usually have a longer life expectancy than men.Bats have a life expectancy of around twenty years.10)Happily, increasingly sophisticated medicines and devices to assist the ill and disabled will

become available in the coming decades.(para8)

Paraphrase----Luckily, more and more advanced medicines and devices which provide

help for the ill and disabled people will be invented in the next few decades.11)…beyond the typical retirement age of 65.(para8)

Paraphrase----after they retire normally at the age of 65.the typical retirement age: the age at which most people retire

something that is typical is the most usually, or the most characteristic.Examples:

typical tropical weather

a typical mistake of Chinese students of English

12)A global culture will develop rapidly and take its pick of clothing styles, foods, drinks,games, sports and customs from countries everywhere.(para10)

take one’s pick(of): choose as one wants

Examples:

Take your pick.Choose whichever one of three styles you like.With so many houses for sale, a buyer with money can take his/her pick.13)Space-planes should be in service within the next 20 years,….(para11)

be in service: be in use;be in operation

Examples:

We need to replace the airplanes now in service with new ones.The ferryboat has been in service here for about ten years.14)We will push the frontiers of human settlement in all directions.(para13)

Paraphrase----We will expand the areas for human existence wherever possible.15)The Moon will acquire its first permanent base,…(para13)

Paraphrase----The first permanent base(for human settlement)will be set up on the Moon.16)The pace of ocean development will speed up as the seaside nations increasingly assert

their ownership of the resources off their shores.(para14)

Paraphrase----Ocean development will be quickened as the coastal nations more and

more claim their rights to the resources in waters off their coasts.speed up:(cause to)move or happen at a faster rate.Examples:

Warmth speeds up chemical reactions.Bad housing and poverty sped up the breakdown of their marriage.17)The biggest single cloud hanging over the next 30 years…(para16)

Paraphrase----The one biggest serious problen facing us over the next 30 years….18)…thousands upon thousands of others will almost certainly perish during the next 50 years

as their habitats shrink.(para18)

Paraphrase----…lots and lots of other species of animals will inevitably become extinct

during the next 50 years when their natural homes become smaller and smaller.shrink: vi.＆vt.(cause to 0)become smaller

Examples:

The world’s forests are shrinking at an alarming rate.The hot water shrink my woolen sweater.5.Grammar Focus

“As” used as a conjunction to mean “and so too”

Procedures:

1)Explains to Ss that the conjunction as ,which means “ and so too”, can be used to refer back to what has just been said in order to say that it also applies to someone or something else that follows.Examples:

The 21st century will be a century of fantastic achievements, but it may be accompanied

by horrors on an unheard-of scale, as was the 20th century with its world wars and atomic bombs.David works hard , as do my brothers.2)Put the following sentences on board;

3)Have Ss translate the Chinese into English in pairs

Peter is a high school teacher,___________（他父親退休前也是中學(xué)老師）.(as was his

father before he retired)

John likes classical music,_____________（他女朋友也喜歡古典音樂）.(as does his girl friend)

He believed ,___________（和全家一樣），that the King was their supreme lord.(as didi

the family)

She traveled a great deal, ____________（她的大多數(shù)朋友也是這樣）.(as did most of her

friends)

6.Guided Practice(exercises, oral practice and group work)

1)Summary

A)Ask several students to retell the text by using their own words.B)Talk about the main idea or theme of the text.2)Exercises

EX.II , p282(Comprehension of the Text)

EX.III, IV, p283-284(Vocabulary Revision)

EX.V,VI, p284-285(Word Building: the prefix en–, out-)

EX.XII, p285-286(Structure: “It is true that…”.)

EX.VIII, p286(Structure : “as be/will…”)

7.After-class Assignments

1)EX.IX, p286-287(Cloze)

2)EX.X, P287-288(Translation)

3)EX.XIII, Writing(Write paragraphs beginning with general predictions and supported with illustrations P290)

4)Preview text B ,(Do exercise XIV.before reading text B)

Text B Our Forecasts 30 Years Later

Language points:

1.It was packed with ideas about …(para1)

Paraphrase----It contained a lot of ideas about…

2.when it comes to foreseeing what lies ahead?(para1)

Paraphrase----speaking of predicting what will hjappen in the years to come.when it comes to(sth.): on the subject of;concerning

Example:

Joe is not good at sports, but when it comes to arithmetic he is the best in the class.3.…, I decided to evaluate the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist(para2)Paraphrase----I decided to find out whether the forecasts made in the February 1967 issue of The Futurist had turned out right or wrong.4.Transplants are now a standard part of medical practice and would be even more common except for the shortage of usable organs.(para10)

a standard part of medical practice:a very usual part of the business of a doctorpractice : n.business of a doctor;medical profession

5.… are used as temporary substitutes for failing natural hearts…((para10)

Paraphrase---…are used to replace human hearts that do not function properly on a short-time basis…

failing: a.weak;not effective;likely to become useless

6.The notion that cities would push higher and higher into the sky as people crowded ever more

tightly together proved quite wrong.(para14)

Paraphrase---The forecast that cities would build higher and higher buildings as more and more people poured into cities and made them more densely populated than ever before turned out to be quite wrong.7.Laws rarely barred cars from city cores, but traffic jam and high parking charges made the centers so unattractive to drivers that legal restrictions were unnecessary.(para14)

Paraphrase---Laws usually do not prohibit cars from entering city centers, but because of the slow-moving traffic and high parking fees, drivers would rather avoid entering city centers, which makes it unnecessary to enforce such lawa on them.8.Credit cards will virtually eliminate currency by 1986.(para17)

Paraphrase---Credit cards will almost replace all cash by 1986.…h(huán)unger persists in some areas(para18)

Paraphrase---people in some areas are still going hungry

10.…in terms of the large sums, cash has been losing out fast to checks and credit cards.(para18)Paraphrase---with regard to large sums of money, cash is being fast replaced by checks and credit cards.11.What once was an exotic and mysterious force…(para22)

Paraphrase---a force which was once considered fascinating and mysterious(referring to laser in the context)

12….they sometimes know what they’re talking about.(para22)

Paraphrase---They(weather forecasters)have the expertise to give fairly accurate forecasts on many occasions

know what they’re talking about: understand a subject because of one’s experience

13….the term itself was offensive to teachers and is now obsolete.(para28)

Paraphrase---the exoression “teaching machines” was displeasing to teachers and is no longer in use now

14.…the forecasters seem to have given a fairly good account of themselves.((para34)Paraphrase---The forecasters seem to have made fairly accurate predictions.15.…curing ancient ills.(para34)

Paraphrase---…solving age-old problems

第五篇：新視野大學(xué)英語(第三版)第二冊讀寫教程課后答案

新視野大學(xué)英語（第三版）第二冊讀寫教程課后答案

新視野大學(xué)英語（第三版）第二冊讀寫教程課后答案 Unit 1 Language in mission Text A An impressive English lesson Ex.1 Understanding the text

1、Because he is tired of listening to his father and he is not interested in grammar rules.2、The civilization of Greece and the glory of Roman architecture are so marvelous and remarkable that they should be described at least in a brief account;however, what the student could do was only one single utterance :“whoa!” without any any specific comment.3、Because the schools fail to set high standards of language proficiency.They only teach a little grammar and less advanced vocabulary.And the younger teachers themselves have little knowledge of the vital structures of language.4、Because teaching grammar is not an easy job and most of the students will easily get bored if it’s not properly dealt with.5、He familiarized his son with different parts of speech in a sentence and discussed their specific grammatical functions including how to use adverbs to describe verbs.6、Because the son had never heard about the various names and functions of words in an English sentence before.7、The author uses “road map”and “car”to describe grammar and vocabulary.Here,“road map”is considered as grammar and “car”as vocabulary.8、Since the subjunctive mood his son used is a fairly advanced grammar structure, the interjection“whoa!”reflects the tremendous pride the father had toward his son;it also reflects the author’s humor in using the word because it was once used by his student, though in two different situations and with two different feelings.Ex.3 Words in use 1.condense 2.exceed 3.deficit 4.exposure 5.asset 6.adequate 7.competent 8.adjusting 9.precisely 10.beneficial Ex.4 Word building-al/-ial: managerial/editorial/substance/survival/tradition/margin-cy : consistency/accuracy/efficient-y : recovery/ministry/assembly Ex.5 Word building 1.editorial 2.recovery 3.accuracy 4.substance 5.managerial 6.margin 7.assembly 8.Ministry 9.survival 10.tradition 11.consistency 12.efficient Ex.6 Banked cloze 1-5: L C J A I 6-10: O N E H F Ex.7 Expressions in use 1.feel obliged to 2.be serious about 3.run into 4.distinguish between 5.thrust upon 6.was allergic to 7.get lost 8.be attracted to 9.make sense 10.looked upon as Ex.8 Structured writing Some bookworms in my dormitory often spend hours reading their “Bible”, Practical English Grammar, and do a lot of exercises in that book , but I don’t care about it at all.My assumption is since I have never learned Chinese grammar, what’s the sense of learning English grammar? In fact, English grammar has always been a big headache to me.English grammar is very complicated because, unlike Chinese, there are many verb tenses.Even stranger than verb tenses, English grammar also contains something very confusing.For example, I don’t remember how many times my middle school teacher tried to“impose”the differences between used to and be used to on us.Sometimes he would go on with the explanation for 20 minutes or so.He even summarized the differences by listing three or four points for us to memorize.However, they could never stay in my head.I don’t remember how many times I got it wrong with the sentences containing used to or be used to on my exams.I was really confused with these two phrases,and I can never get them right.In brief, I’m allergic to learning English grammar.Curiously, I just wonder if the native speakers of English have a microcomputer in their brain to help them utter the two phrases promptly with just a click of their brain mouse!Ex.9 E-C Translation 人們普遍認為英語是一種世界語言，經(jīng)常被許多不以英語為第一語言的國家使用。與其他語言一樣，英語也發(fā)生了很大的變化。英語的歷史可以分為三個主要階段：古英語，中古英語和現(xiàn)代英語。英語起源于公元5世紀(jì)，當(dāng)時三個日耳曼部落入侵英國，他們對英語語言的形成起了很大的作用。在中世紀(jì)和現(xiàn)代社會初期，英語的影響遍及不列顛群島。從17世紀(jì)初，它的影響力開始在世界各地顯現(xiàn)。歐洲幾百年的探險和殖民過程導(dǎo)致了英語的重大變化。今天，由于美國電影、電視、音樂、貿(mào)易和技術(shù)、包括互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的大受歡迎，美國英語的影響力尤其顯著。

Ex.10 C-E Translation Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the unique art treasure in the world.The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters.In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have not only played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture but also developed into a unique art form.Calligraphic works well reflect calligraphers’ personal feelings, knowledge, self-cultivation, personality, and so forth, thus there is an expression that “seeing the calligrapher’s handwriting is like seeing the person”.As one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy shines splendidly in the world’s treasure house of culture and art.Text B The great journey of learning 2.Understanding the text D.2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 4.Words in use mysterious 2.desperate 3.devise 4.negotiate 5.recalled 6.specifically 7.depict 8.Ignorance 9.Expand 10 confusion 5.Expressions in use apply to 2.in a bid to 3.end up 4.speaking of 5.get hold of 6.appealed to 7.leaving..behind 8.focus on EX.6 Sentence structure.even though it is important of the students to have a deep understanding of the texts, it doesn’t make any sense to read texts word for word from the beginning to the end as it is a matter of little importance to us, it doesn’t make much sense to argue out which is wrong or right or which is better or worse it makes no sense to compel children to obey their parents;instead, we should try to tell them what is right and what is wrong.EX.7.II might as well have stayed at home.We might as well have taken the train home So he might as well have told me all about it.Collocation: Warm-up essential framework 2.distinctive difference 3 high standards 4 valuable possessions 5 considerable frustration 6 acquire knowledge 7 overcome deficiencies 8 sketch thoughts 9 devise a scheme Ex.8 1 essential framework 2 proper vocabulary 3 excellent control 4 language deficit 5 high standards 6 language proficiency 7 acquire knowledge 8 competent communication 9 overcome deficiencies 10 sketch thoughts 11 effective communication 12 advanced vocabulary Unit 2 College-The ladder to success Text A The humanities:Out of date? Reading Comprehension 1.because English or history majors are considered less competitive when the job market is shrinking, and they have to study something that can help them more easily locate their future jobs.2.because as the tuition is climbing higher and higher, many students have run away from studying the humanities and toward “hard” skills that they think will lead to employment.3.since more students are now taking job-oriented courses, libraries, where students of liberal arts used to study, are getting less popular than before;in contrast, labs are getting more eye-catching because students of science and engineering do experiments and research there.4.because this inner drive that can be either constructive or destructive is so mysterious and powerful that it has attracted many people to speculate on it.From ancient times, these men and women developed artistic “l(fā)anguages” in the form of story, music, myth, painting, architecture, sculpture, landscape and traditions, which from the very foundation of civilization.5.Studying the humanities improves your ability to read and write, makes you familiar with the language of emotion and the creative process, and, more importantly, provides you with a wide scope of possibilities that are open to you.6.Because in modern life, an ideal capacity for establishing one’s career is to have both technical knowledge and inner insight, not just one without the other.7.“Well-rounded human beings” are those who have insight and understand the passions, hopes and dreams common to all humanity.8.Since many people who once studied the humanities became famous in their career, the author implies that if students spend more time studying the humanities, they could surely become successful in the future as well.Language focus 3 1.promotes 2.accelerate 3.mystery 4.insight 5.boost 6.analysis 7.calculate 8.barriers 9.destruction 10.prospect 4 Promising Bearing Housing Objective Offend Exclude Excess Execute Intensify Identity 5 1.excess 2.bearing 3.objective 4.intensify 5.execute 6.promising 7.exclude 8.identity 9 offend 10.housing 6.1-5 CHDJB 6-10 LMGFA 7 1.are liable to 2.in favor of 3.is bound to 4.speculate about 5.invested…with 6.stand up for 7.in the form of 8.prepared for 9.in the company of 10 in succession 9 幕課是一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)課程，它旨在通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)廣泛參與和開放接入。幕課是遠程教育邁出的最新一步，現(xiàn)已在高等教育領(lǐng)域迅速引領(lǐng)潮流。通過這些課程，大學(xué)可以擴大影響的范圍，從影響成千上萬住在城里付學(xué)費的學(xué)生，擴展到惠及全球上百萬的學(xué)生。除了擁有傳統(tǒng)的課程資料，幕課還給使用者提供互動論壇，支持學(xué)生和講師之間的交流。幕課能促進參與者之間的交流，使得多種觀點、知識和技能涌現(xiàn)到課堂上來；它鼓勵人們嘗試之前不可能嘗試的課程，甚至是嘗試新的教育方式；它提供多種學(xué)習(xí)課程資料的方式，鼓勵多模式學(xué)習(xí)，以各種學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格滿足學(xué)習(xí)者的需求；另外，幕課促進教學(xué)的改善，使技術(shù)在面對面授課中得以更好地應(yīng)用。10 In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements.Many universities have set up their own digital learning platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education.Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible;on the other hand, it expands the learner’s study time and space to learn, allowing people to get access to the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere.These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.Unit 2 TextB What college bring us? Ex 1 1.Main idea: College has never been magical for everyone.Major detail: More high school graduates don’t fit the pattern of college.2.Main idea： We need to revise our attitudes and reform the system.Major detail: we only judge things based on our own college experiences.3.Main idea: College education seems to have wasted time and accumulated debt.Major detail: Close to 80 percent of new jobs can be performed by someone without a college degree.Ex.2 1C 2D 3C 4A 5D 6B 7B 8A Ex.3 1.It’s very true because the job market is becoming more competitive.Yes, without a college degree, one can end up with nothing to do.Sure, college brings students knowledge and personal growth.No, it’s not necessary to get a college degree to have a better career.Disagree, college is too expensive now for students and family to afford.2.More competitive.More knowledgeable.More confident.More opportunities.3.Traditional ideology.More promising future.High expectations of their children.4.Worth their money because it’s an investment that will pay off later.A waste of their money because the tuition is too high.Not sure if they’ll profit from the large sum they invested.5.Analytical ability.Critical thing skills.Broad knowledge.Ex.4 1.enroll 2 revise 3accumulate 4 accorded 5 evaluate 6.prime 7 confirm 8 shrinking 9 sufficient 10 recruit Ex.5 1.bother to 2.is available to 3.been compelled to 4.described…as 4.exposed…to 6.rather than 7 have something to do with 8 for its own sake Ex.6 1.A teacher, no matter how knowledgeable he is, cannot teach his students everything they want to know.2.No matter where you travel, you can always find someone to communicate with in English since English is an important language.3.No matter what work a person is doing, if he gives it his best each day, he creates lots of happiness for himself.Ex.7 1.Although the number of applications is small, there is little doubt that the program will help the students who really need financial aid.2.There is no doubt that computer crime is a very serious problem, so people think that all hackers need to be punished for their actions.3.Though the boy worked very hard and finally successfully passed the exam, there is no doubt that overwork and too much worry caused his illness.Ex.8 1 promising 2 worsens 3 shrinking 4 dominant 5 land 6 great 7 well-rounded 8 creative 9 elegant 10 constructive 11 skills 12 make Unit 3 Discovery of a new life stage Text A The humanities:Out of date? Ex.1 1.Because people in different life stages are confronted with different problems and setbacks and each group of people in a particular time period have their particular worries and pains.2.The norm refers to the general consensus that as soon as students graduated from college, they would enter adulthood and be able to find an ideal job leading to their career.3.They are recognized as a new life stage that comes after high school graduation, continues through college and leads to starting a family and having a career.4.Because nowadays so many young people are following this new lifestyle that it has become a trend.As long as the economic situation continues its long slide, this new stage is unavoidable.5.Unlike their parents, a large number of young people are now delaying marriage, child bearing, and even employment during their odyssey years.6.They often resent the pressure they’re feeling and keep a distance from their parents or even run away from home.Many also resort to computer games, iPods, iPhones, or iPads.7.Their parents feel more anxious and upset seeing their children’s odyssey years continue to stretch without a clear direction.8.The author thinks as people are getting to know the odyssey years better, both parents and their children can tackle this phase better.For parents, they can understand their children more;for children, they can explore and discover themselves with a positive attitude.Ex.3 1.peculiar 2.radical 3.phase 4.sensible 5.predict 6.labeled 7.resent 8.witnessed 9.equivalent 10.parallels Ex.4-ic Chaotic dramatic academy-ion Depression detection erosion Classification confuse cooperate dictate-ist Rightist journal Ex.5 1.journal 2.chaotic 3.cooperate 4.erosion 5.dramatic 6.confuse 7.academy 8.rightists 9.depression 10.dictate 11.detection 12.classification Ex.6 K E A C L I G N H O Ex.7 1.saddled with 2.back off 3.gives way to 4.resorted to 5.make allowances for 6.wonder at 7.prior to 8.based upon/on Ex.8 The odyssey years are certainly a very complicated phase of life for young people.Not only do these young people need to overcome many difficulties, they also have to face many challenges from their parents.The differences between parents and children can be well observed in their completely different attitudes and views.First, they differ in their attitude toward life.Parents always wonder what has gone wrong with the new generation.They feel that during their time, young boys and girls were better behaved, more obedient and had greater respect for elders.Young people, on the other hand, feel that they are capable enough to learn on their own rather than lean heavily on the older generation for guidance.Young people do not like to be spoon-fed by their parents.The differences also appear in the way the two generations look at things.For example, the parents’ generation never understood Elvis and the Beatles.Because they couldn’t understand what was going on, they were frequently opposed to them and saw rock as “the devil’s music”.Young people, however, are crazy about the modern music and would love to listen to it for a hundred times a day.Wherever they go, they’ll have their iPod with them.In conclusion, it’s very difficult for parents and their youngsters to get along due to their distinctive attitudes and the way they view things.To fill this gap, both parents and their grown children need to be more understanding to each other.Ex.9 作為美國文化價值體系的一個重要組成部分，“個人主義”受到大多數(shù)美國人的推崇。美國人認為家庭作為一個群體，其主要目的是促進家庭各成員的幸福。

與許多其他文化相比，美國家庭成員的主要職責(zé)，不是在社會上或經(jīng)濟上提高整個家庭的地位。人們通常認為，什么是對個人最好的要比什么是對家庭最好的更為重要。與自由相伴而來的是照顧自己的責(zé)任，因為所選擇的自由承載了責(zé)任，即必須接受自己的選擇所帶來的后果。許多美國人給他們的孩子很多的自由，因為他們希望孩子們能夠獨立和自力更生。在美國人強調(diào)個人自由的同時，父母與孩子間平等的信念也對美國家庭產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。Ex.10 Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in the ancient Chinese society.Chinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a person’s integrity, family harmony, and the nation’s well-being.With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years.It’s undoubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue.The culture of filial piety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range.It concludes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes.Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth.Filial piety is fundamental to the ancient “Oriental civilization”.Unit 3 Text B Finding my way back home Understanding the text 2 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.C Words in use 4 1.hollow 2.restless 3.demonstrate 4.exiled 5.miserable 6.commercial 7.hesitated 8.erupt 9.refine 10.Feasible Expression in use 5 1.are tired of 2 fall into 3 be strict with 4 not amount to much 5 drifted off 6 bonded with 7 resign himself to 8 surrender themselves to Sentence structure 6 1.The man walked slowly, with one hand pulling with effort at his coat and the other holding tightly on to his trousers.2.With more and more students joining it, the new club soon expanded and became the largest one on the campus.3.With the Internet becoming increasingly popular for young people to connect with their friends, letter writing is becoming less and less common.7 1.With the traditional values in their heads, most parents found it hard to accept their children’s thinking.2.With this kind of jeans out of fashion, young people do not like to wear them any more now.3.With the differences in their skills and abilities, the young and the old seem to live in two very different worlds..Collocation 8 1 fluid 2 contemporary 3 radical 4 enormous 5 prideful 6 competitive 7 rebellious 8 transition 9 unavoidable 10 traditional 11 unique 12 peculiar Unit 4 Dance with love Text A College sweethearts Ex.1 1.The author uses this sentence to tell her own love story.She didn’t expect that she would end up marrying Butch.He became her boyfriend just because of her wish to find a cute boyfriend.She didn’t really want to marry him at the beginning.2.Because when she met up with Butch the first time, he kept staring at her all night long.He flattered her and fell in love with her at first sight.He looked really wild or maybe even dangerous.3.Because Butch had a “bad boy image” which was very tempting to a lot of girls, and his wild, dynamic personality was a little frightening.She didn’t know whether she could be getting along with him.4.Though she always had an excellent reputation in respect to her schoolwork, she thought that her college life was dull, with no fun.In her opinion, college was supposed to be a time of great learning and also of some fun.5.Because she was becoming more interested in him and she wanted to find out if she was the “right” date in the eyes of Butch, thinking of herself as a traditional girl.6.It means that Butch didn’t want to do anything to change his bad situation.The word fate here refers to the fact that Butch was going to be expelled from the university.7.Though Butch was wild and would sometimes display directly his love in front of her friends, he was always a perfect gentleman at his core.And they had a pure and responsible relationship for seven years.8.The author and her husband’s faithful journey of love that started with a causal attraction but bloomed into a mature love proves that romantic love can last long through the ups and downs in life.Ex.3 1.confess 2.tempting 3.commence 4.coordinating 5.granted 6.deserved 7.displayed 8.consequently 9.lodged 10.proceed Ex.4-ed Contented compress complicate-ion Identification justification qualification Illustration exhibit extension Interpretation plantation perception Ex.5 1.qualifications 2.perception 3.plantations 4.compressed 5.exhibit 6.contented 7.interpretation 8.complicate 9.illustration 10.extension 11.identification 12.justification Ex.6 N B G I H L E M K C Ex.7 1.on her behalf 2.took the liberty of 3.immune to 4.were filled with 5.fall in love with 6.Expelled from 7.been pessimistic about 8.go along with Ex.9 美國和歐洲各國都會慶祝2月14日的情人節(jié)。這是一個充滿愛情和浪漫的節(jié)日，戀人之間通常都會交換情人卡和愛情信物。關(guān)于這個節(jié)日的起源有著不同的說法。一個傳說是羅馬人把一個叫圣瓦倫丁的神父關(guān)進了監(jiān)獄，因為他拒絕相信羅馬神。2月14日那天，瓦倫丁被處死，不僅因為他是基督徒，而且因為他曾治愈了一位監(jiān)獄看守雙目失明的女兒。他在被處死的前一晚上給她寫了一封署名“你的瓦倫丁”的告別信。后來，2月14日就成了一個人們可以為他們的情人展示感情的節(jié)日?，F(xiàn)在，人們以不同的方式慶祝情人節(jié)，他們發(fā)送賀卡、鮮花，贈送巧克力或其他禮品，或共進浪漫的晚餐。現(xiàn)在這個節(jié)日已流行世界各地。在中國，這個節(jié)日也越來越受年輕人的歡迎。Ex.10 July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festival, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays.Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers.As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “Valentine’s Day”.The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid.The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd.So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi.On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing.All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.Unit 4 Text B Saving the date Reading Skills 1 1.They became romantically attracted to each other.(para.5)2.share the dating expense or split the money with the date(para.6)3.sharing the cost of a meal in a restaurant(para.7)4.a tight and uncomfortable feeling because of nervousness(para.12)5.mark the date on the calendar(para.14)Reading comprehension Understanding the text 2 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.D 7.B 8.C Critical thinking 3 1.Males because that’s the norm.Males because men are expected to do it that way.Both since they are on an equal basis.Both since the traditional way is out of date.2.Men and women are treated equally in this way.Females are not considered inferior to males.Both men and women feel more comfortable.3.Won’t feel embarrassed when taking the initiative to date.Won’t put stress on either males or females.Will widen the social circle and give opportunity to make more friends.Won’t feel obligated to keep a long-term relationship.4.Both men and women can pay for a date.Both men and women can take the initiative.People are free to choose a casual or formal date.5.Behave with respect for each other.Be honest with each other.Be considerate and helpful to each other.Language focus Words in use 4 1.conveying 2.Forged 3.Thriving 4.Abnormal 5.frowning 6.thrilled 7.Reckoned 8.Clarified 9.Conquer 10.concealing Expressions in use 5 1.make contact with 2.took the initiative 3.are inclined to 4.thrive on 5.indifferent to 6.whip out 7.in the pit of her stomach 8.chip in Sentence structure 6 1.With online learning, there is less study in a regular classroom and more time to spend by yourself.2.With regular exercise, you’ll have less mental stress and more physical strength.3.With the new highway, there is less traffic and more comfort for drivers on the road.7.1.Ambitious as he is, he has never been able to accomplish his goal and make his parents feel proud of him 2.Embarrassed as they were, they remained positive throughout their travels and learned from the mistakes they made along the way.3.Hard as she tried, Jane failed to introduce her father to the joys of rock music.Collocation Warm-up 1.casual attraction 2.healthy friendship 3.romantic relationship 4.dynamic personality 5.mature love 6.mutual friends 8 1.college sweetheart 2.take the initiative 3.romantic relationship 4.steady boyfriend 5.casual attraction 6.fairy-tale romance 7.exceedingly embarrassed 8.madly in love 9.healthy friendship 10.traditional upbringing 11.mature love 12.mutual friends Unit5 The money game Text A Spend or save-The student’s dilemma Ex.3 1.contradict 2.paradox 3.perspective 4.explicit 5.suspended 6.derive 7.defy 8.retains 9.manipulating 10.tackle Ex4-er browse browser message messenger consumer consume-ion negotiate negotiation object objection react reaction constitute constitution cultivate cultivation define definition expand expansion concentration concentrate civilization civilize Ex.5 1.concentrated 2.messenger 3.civilized 4.Constitution 5.browser 6.objection 7.expansion 8.consume 9.definition 10.cultivation 11.reaction 12.negotiation Ex.6 1 B 2D 3O 4E 5F 6C 7K 8H 9N 10I Ex.7 1.referred to 2 at odds with 3 put off 4 consulting with 5 do their utmost 6 took stock of 7 on track 8 take in Ex.8 It is often said that whatever wealth one may have will be gone quickly if the person only spends.However, some people think the purpose of life is to enjoy moment, so they spend all they have earned.Even though Bryan and Peter are close friends, their spending habits are very different.Bryan is very careful about using his pocket money.He only spends money when it’s necessary.For example, when his pocket money is only $50,he may spend $20 on necessary stationery for schoolwork.He will try to deposit the remaining $30 in his savings account.In his opinion, though the amount is small, it will help him for a possible rainy day since people never know what could happen in the future.Unlike Bryan, Peter usually spends money at will.He often purchases expensive electronic products such as an iPhone and iPad.Sometimes, he might buy himself an expensive brand-name shirt or a pair of expensive brand-name shoes.Different from Byan, he never deposits extra money in a bank after meeting his basic needs.To him, saving money in a bank is something silly because he believes that he can always earn big money after he gets a decent job in the future.All in all, Bryan and Peter are very different in the way they spend money.Spending money wisely and saving extra money for future urgent needs enable students to manage their finance and fully concentrate on their study.They will also derive great pleasure from the way they handle their money.Ex.9 大發(fā)現(xiàn)年代，也被稱為大勘探年代，是歐洲進行全球勘查的一個歷史時期，始于15世紀(jì)初并一直持續(xù)到18世紀(jì)。這一時期通常被認為是中世紀(jì)和近代之間的橋梁，當(dāng)時西方帝國主義剛興起，歐洲各王國之間正在經(jīng)濟上互相競爭，他們想通過建立貿(mào)易路線和殖民地來尋找財富。在這一時期眾多偉大的探險家中，最杰出的是克里斯托弗?哥倫布，因為他發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸。歐洲的海外擴張導(dǎo)致了殖民帝國的崛起，舊大陸與新大陸的接觸也促進了兩邊的互相交換：大量的植物、動物、食物、文化等得到遷移。這代表了歷史上生態(tài)、農(nóng)業(yè)和文化在全球范圍內(nèi)最重大的活動之一。歐洲大勘探讓繪制全球性的世界地圖成為可能，從而使人們看到一個新的世界與古老的文明正遙相呼應(yīng)。Ex.10 The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia.This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name “the Silk Road”.As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “One Belt, One Road”(namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road).The strategy of “One Belt, One Road” focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries.Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.Unit5 Text B A$3,000 dictionary Reading Skills 1 2.Denotation: examine a place or area in order to get information about it Connotation: it associates with the feeling of curiosity and anxiousness because it was a new experience and he was eager to find out what he could get for free.3.Denotation: the right to do what you want without being controlled or restricted by anyone Connotation: it implies the feeling of delightfulness because he had never used credit card before but now he could start to use it freely.4.Denotation: not real or not made of natural things Connotation: the word artificial appears before the word sense to men his sense of security was just a false one.In addition, it connotes that the sense was naive because he was deceiving himself.5.Denotation: produce, invent, or make up Connotation: it connotes a sense of large quantity because he had to make up many different excuses and false stories to reject his friends’ offers.6.Denotation: being unable to walk properly because one’s legs are damaged or injured

Connotation: It associates his emotional feelings with a crippled person to mean that he was in despair and unable to share his feeling with others.7.Denotation: be unable to breathe properly Connotation: It implies he was extremely embarrassed and felt guilty to talk about his financial problems.As a result, it was difficult for him to speak out the words.8.Denotation: an idea or opinion that is wrong Connotation: It connotes a sense of realization and regrets about the desire to get something free.Because of his illusion, he had to pay much more than a dictionary usually costs, i.e.$3,000.READING COMPREHENSION Understanding the text 2 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.C Language focus Words in use 1.prohibited 2.submit 3.remedied 4.imposed 5.feature 6.crisis 7.artificial 8.principal 9.issued 10.isolated Expressions in use 5 1.suffering from 2.in accordance with 3.shrugged off 4.be entitled to 5.care about 6.tore at 7.access to 8.out of the question Sentence structure 6 1.Follow your doctor’s advice or your cough will get worse.2.Stand over there and you’ll be able to see it better.3.Watch your step if you go out or you might fall.7 1.There is nothing more important than being honest with everyone at school and at work.2.There is nothing more than helpful than using the Internet to improve my English skills.3.There is nothing more than encouraging and stimulating than communicating successfully with your colleagues.Collocation Warm-up 1.seemingly free 2.barely enough 3.easily accessible 4.absolutely needed 5.financially bankrupt 6.completely charmed 7.truly autonomous 8.staggeringly expensive 9.emotionally crippled 8 1.financial distress 2.financial trouble 3.financially bankrupt 4.seemingly free 5.suspend desires 6.easily accessible 7.emotionally crippled 8.artificial sense 9.truly autonomous 10.completely charmed 11.staggeringly expensive 12.buying decisions Unit6 Less is more Text A Door closer,are you? 1 1B 2C 3A 4E 5D 2 1 An irrational behavior can be described as an action or opinion not based on adequate use of logic and reason: Be willing to pay much more for a cup of Starbucks coffee when there's cheaper, equally good coffee across the street.Once a price is established in their minds, they will compare other similar items to this price, not only for the current but also for the future.Buy products they don't need just because they get something for free in the transaction.Do something just because some other people are doing the same thing.2 IgnorancePeople take offense or get angry before the actual situation occurs.They become anxious and harbor unrealistic expectations.StressPeople live entirely on the lines that are drawn by others and do not have their own point of view.They are too conscious about society and its reactions to them.3 Yes, I'm often irrational because of different kinds of stress, uncertainty about my future, and sensitivity to how people look at me.No, I don't think I'm irrational because I always use my logic and common sense to judge things and react to what has happened to me.Scripts: As the most intelligent animal on this earth, we are supposed to behave in a rational way, i.e., act according to logic and reason required in a situation.But does that really happen? Do we always behave rationally? Certainly not.There are a lot of people who behave irrationally, causing problems to themselves as well as to others.Irrational behavior is part of human nature, but as MIT Professor Ariely has discovered, people tend to behave irrationally in a predictable fashion.Though we cannot explain the exact cause behind irrational behavior, we know that it is a manner of behavior not based on logic and reasoning.I would like to give you an example of irrational behavior.If a person has heard about someone suffering from some disease, he will start thinking that he may suffer from the same disease.This is irrational and illogical behavior.I don't think this behavior is always intentional.Reading comprehension Understanding the text 1 1 He was imposing on his troops a necessary sacrifice to achieve victory over their opponents.By doing this, the soldiers would be more determined and concentrated on the battles.2 The purpose for the experiment is to investigate seemingly irrational human behavior when making a decision, such as the tendency for keeping multiple options open.3 The experiment enabled people to see why it's always so hard for them to say “NO” to any opportunities that came to them.In everyday life, people just give excuses to keep options open.4 Students should quickly check all the doors and keep clicking on the one with the highest cash.They should absolutely ignore the vanishing doors.5 Because we can see that the students didn't really focus on ensuring future cash earnings.What they tried to avoid was the immediate pain of watching options close.6 Because in life the doors are closing slowly, not like the ones on the computer in the experiment, people don't really see the opportunities actually vanishing away little by little.7 He suggests that people should prohibit overbooking, reduce options, delegate tasks to others, and even give away ideas to others to pursue.8 People can obtain pleasure and satisfaction by focusing their energy and attention in a more concentrated fashion.They will have more with fewer, carefully chosen options.Critical thinking 2 1 ~ Surprising but very strategic and visionary.~ Reflection of his unique foresight and wisdom.~ Knowledgeable about winning battles.~ Experienced in fighting with enemies.2 ~ Interesting and thought-provoking.~ Reflect students' mentality.~ Meaningful and valid.~ May not be convincing to some people.3 ~ Both consequences are surprising.~ Both are about choices and decision-making.~ Both have to do with strategies.~ Both focus on human's mentality.4 ~ Afraid of losing potential opportunities.~ Too greedy and too ambitious.~ Over-confident about their real capacity.~ More choices, better chances.5 ~ Fewer options, more focused concentration.~ Fewer choices, better quality.~ Everything has two sides.~ Too much greed ends up with nothing.Language focus 3 1 implement 2 rival 3 motivating 4 discarded 5 fluctuating 6 prejudiced 7 restore 8 enlightening 9 profit 10 investigate Word building 4 Words learned New words formed-ic strategy strategic sympathy sympathetic-ion confirm confirmation locate location reflect reflection provide provision install installation register registration quotation quote-ize sympathy sympathize critic criticize industrial industrialize 5 1 sympathize 2 confirmation 3 strategic 4 installation 5 quote 6 sympathetic 7 criticize 8 location 9 reflection 10 industrialize 11 provision 12 registration Banked cloze 6 1 M 2 D 3 H 4 0 5 F 6 L 7 I 8 C 9 J 10 A Expressions in use 7 I was attached to 2 be measured in 3 come in handy 4 clinging to 5 pay a big price 6 are exhausted from 7 imposed on 8 revolve around Structure analysis and writing Structured writing 8 There are a lot of people who behave irrationally, causing problems to themselves as well as to others.It's hard to analyze the exact causes behind irrational behavior, but we know that it is a manner of behavior that is not based on logic and reasoning.Irrational behavior is caused by various factors but two stand out.The first main factor that contributes to irrational behavior is uncontrolled emotions.Irrational people take offense or get angry before the actual situation occurs.They become anxious and express exaggerated emotions such as crying and shouting.They have unrealistic expectations, expecting everyone to like them and if someone does not, they feel angry and neglected.It is fairly common for people to show such signs of irrationality.Too much stress can also lead to irrational behavior.In fact, these days, stress is the major cause of physical as well as mental problems.Stress creates feelings of anger, irritation and frustration.For instance, when you spend a stressful day in the office, it makes you anxious.You start releasing your frustration or stress by screaming at your family members for small reasons like a badly prepared meal.That day you feel everything is wrong.In summary, uncontrolled emotions and too much stress can result in irrational behavior.To behave rationally is not an easy job because the behavior is internalized.However, to discover the source of your irrationality will help you behave more rationally.Translation 9 極簡主義是指去掉多余的，僅保留需要的部分、用最簡單的話來說，極簡的生

活方式，就是生活得越簡單越好,直到獲得心靈的平靜，這種簡單既是精神上的，也是身體上的：這樣的生活方式會減輕壓力，帶來更多自由時間．并增強幸福感、極簡主義者會說．他們生活得更有意義了，更從容了，極簡的生活方式讓他們著眼于生活中更重要的事物：朋友、愛好、旅游和體驗。當(dāng)然，極簡主義并不意味著擁有物質(zhì)財富從本質(zhì)上來講有什么不對。現(xiàn)在的問題似乎在于，我們往往太重視所擁有的東西，而常常拋棄了健康、人與人之間的關(guān)系、我們的熱情、個人成長，以及幫助他人的愿望。極簡主義除了在我們的口常生活中可以得到應(yīng)用，還存在于很多創(chuàng)意領(lǐng)域，包括藝術(shù)、建筑、沒汁、舞蹈、電影、戲劇、音樂、時尚、攝影和文學(xué)等。10 National Happiness Index(NHI)is an index that measures how happy people are.It is also a tool that measures the levels of economic development and people's livelihood and happiness in a country or region.With the fast growth of Chinese economy, the Chinese government has been paying more and more attention to people's living quality and the increase of happiness index.The government stresses improvement of its people's livelihood, striving to improve their economic conditions and meet their growing material and cultural needs.Currently, the Chinese government advocates the unleashing of more reform dividends, with the aim of offering more real benefits to its people.All these measures will combine to effectively increase the NHI of our people.Unit 6 Text B When enough is enough Understanding the text 2 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.D Critical thinking 3 1.*Like to look good in other’s eyes.*Tend to have spending habit *Make them feel happy.*Want to be in fashion 2.*Frustrated.*Bored *Confused *Stunned 3.*Don’t know which option they want most.*Seem to them there is never the best option.*Want everything lest they miss a “perfect” one.4.*Human beings are greedy by nature.*Many believe “The more, the better”.*Most people are too materialistic.5.*Not really a good thing.*Make people greedier and more materialistic.*Make people exhausted to make decisions.*Discourage appreciation.Words in use 4 1.concerning 2.specified 3.controversy 4.rendered 5.enforced 6.distribute 7.highlighted 8.implication 9.penetrating 10.subtract Expressions in use 5 1.played a role 2.turned out 3.are depressed about 4.settle for 5.rushed into 6.out of control 7.transferred to 8.rely on Sentence structure 6 1.The more carefully he thought about it, the clearer it became to him that this was a job for someone with experience.2.The more exercise you do, the more energetic you will become, the easier your everyday tasks will seem.3.The more interesting the plot is, the more appealing the film will become to the audience.Sentence structure 7 1.He is normally a quiet person, but when it comes to sports, he becomes a completely different man.2.When it comes to computers and the Internet, all the students become excited, each eager to say something about his experience.3.A Frenchman may be ready to start a chat with a stranger on a train or in a café, but when it comes to friendship, the French seem to be more cautious than the British.Collocation 8 1.conscious effort 2.winning strategy 3.limited choice 4.remotest idea 5.temporary pain 6.primary role Collocation 9 1.rival options 2.painful choices 3.carefully chosen 4.mutiple options 4.winning strategy 6.predictably irrational 7.temporary pain 8.complex decision 9.limited choices 10.conscious effort 11.naturally prejudiced 12.accumulating evidence Unit7 Women:Making a difference TextA Women at rhe management level 3.Words in use 1.harness 2.symbolic 3.disposed 4.flourishing 5.violated 6.accommodation 7.infer 8.compose 9.plausible 10.tolerance Word building 4.-al/-ial fate fatal horizon horizontal mechanic mechanical occasion occasional proportion proportionan logical logic deny denial commercial mommerce-ity relative relativity prior priority continue continuity actual actuality 5.1.actuality 2.mechanical 3.logic 4.denial 5.Occasional 6.fatal 7.continuity 8.relativity 9.priority 10.commerce 11.proportional 12.horizon 6.1.D 2.J 3.M 4.H 5.A 6.O 7.F 8.L 9.I 10.C 7.1.comes down to 2.take exception to 3.make concessions to 4.burst into 5.feel at ease with 6.on both counts 7.took over 8.stemmed from Unit 7 Text B A proud homemaker Reading skills: 1 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.A Understanding the text 2 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C Critical thinking 3 1.*Similarities: family-oriented, busy with house chores, cook meals, take care of children, clean rooms, do laundry 2.*Help and support the husband *education and behave children morally *Maintain the order of home.*Keep the family healthy 3.*the husband: The man is supposed to have more responsibilities for his family since he physically stronger than his wife.*The wife: the woman, to some degree, is more persevered in overcoming difficulties and she is always family-oriented.*Both: Even though they share different family responsibilities, they both play important and indispensable poles as parents, husband or wife.Two incomes are always better than just one.4.*Advantages: able to take good care of family, including their diet and health;more communication with family;help children with their schoolwork.*Disadvantages: a lot of stress, exhausted, less aware of the outside world, lose social contact.5.*Work outside: have many contacts, communication with more people, be informed of the outside world, be of more help financially.*Stay home: take better care of family, pay more attention to children, provide healthier food to family, keep the rooms clean, help the husband / wife.Words in use 4 1.bounce 2.tolerant 3.supplement 4.condemn 5.overflowed 6.swear 7.resemble 8.compounded 9.disgusting 10.trim Expressions in use 5 1.convert to 2.was revolted by 3.was comprised of 4.busied himself with 5.fussed over 6.is unique in 7.exerting themselves 8.substituted for Sentence structure 6 1.Having no idea about their thoughts and opinion, I would rather five up the attempt to guess what their reaction will be.2.To avoid making mistakes, I would rather be home alone and not communicate with anybody.3.The old man would rather be living in the past, for things are much more different today than they were in the past.Sentence structure 7 1.I couldn’t stand bad manners and thought my leaving was anything but rude, so I got the nest train back home and left him there.2.They usually look very nice and even generous, but in terms of integrity, they are anything but honest.3.When the two young people got married, may people attended the wedding ceremony, yet it was anything but modern.Warm-up 1.strong urge 2.Particularly difficult 3.Demanding job 4.make concessions 5.Social context 6.Management style 8.1.plausible 2.context 3.management 4.pleasantly 5.great 6.Strong 7 subtle 8 conflicting 9 personal 10 typically 11 diplomatically 12 vaguely Unit 8 Human rights vs.Animal rights Text A Animals or children?-A scientist’s choice understanding the text: 1.He became a children’s doctor because of this love for children and his strong desire to keep them healthy.2.He is thought of having no moral compass: He tortures innocent animals for his career advancement and his experiments having nothing to do with medicine.3.The public barely watches, convinced that the issue has no significance to them, while the senator and politicians continue to give way to the lobbying of animal rights activists 4.The author does not really admit their mistake, but the tone is apparently ironic, criticizing that the physicians were too soft to respond to the animal rights activists.5.Life is cruel to both animals and human beings.if the physician don’t create an animal model of the problem, they have to do experiments on human beings, or the medical knowledge will remain static.6.Drugs to cure infection will remain undiscovered, surgical and diagnostic techniques will remain undeveloped, and fundamental biological processes will remain mysteries.7.Because protection from serious sickness and drugs as well as most complex surgical procedures were initially developed in animals instead of human beings 8.If the more radical members of this movement are successful in threatening further research, their efforts will bring about a tragedy that will cost the lives of many human beings.Language focus word in use 3.1.arresting 2.omits 3.optional 4.transplanted 5.hence 6.twisted 7.stung 8.minute 9.imitate 10.evil 4.Words learned New words formed-ence interfere interference-er thrill thriller-ly scarcely scarce specially special-ion consume consumption deceive deception invade invasion proceed procession 5.1.interference 2.invasion 3.Consumption 4.procession 5.specific 6.deception 7.scare 8.thriller 6.1.B 2.G 3.L 4.K 5.F 6.D 7.H 8.N 9.E 10.I 7.1.persisted in 2.have relevance to 3.becoming aware of 4.isolated from 5.in the name of 6.make a contribution 7.been occupied with 8.tip the scales 9.世界自然基金會（WWF）是一個致力于有關(guān)保護，研究和修復(fù)環(huán)境議題的國際性非政府組織。該組織最初于1961被命名為世界野生動物基金會。1986年，它更名為世界自然基金會，以更好地反映其活動范圍。它是世界上最大的，獨立的自然保護組織，擁有世界各地超個500萬的支持者，在100多個國家里開展工作，并援助約1,300個與自然和環(huán)境保護有關(guān)的項目。它的任務(wù)是阻止破壞地球的生態(tài)環(huán)境，建立一個能使人類與自然和諧相處的未來。目前，其大部分工作集中在對海洋和海岸，森林，淡水的保護。在其他問題上，它也關(guān)注瀕危物種，污染和氣候變化?，F(xiàn)在他們最需要的是資金，以履行其使命和處理有關(guān)的突發(fā)事件。10.Since the founding of New China, especially since the economic reform and door-opening to the world, the Chinese government has made considerable efforts in eco-environmental protection and achieved effective progress.The government has taken a series of important measures to protect and improve the ecological environment, such as actively promoting key ecological projects, enhancing ecosystem construction and biodiversity conservations, establishing a number of nature reservation, ecological demonstration zones, scenic spots and forest parks.One of the important goals of building a socialist harmonious society is to strengthen ecological protection and construction and to achieve harmony between man and nature.Environmental protection and ecological civilization construction have provided a solid foundation for the sustainable development of China’s economy and society.Unit 8 Text B The right to live-A dog’s account Ex.2 understanding the text: 1 D 2 A 3 C 4 C 5 D 6 B 7 D 8 C Ex.4 words in use 1 emitted 2 shoved 3 sneak 4 symbol 5 wakened 6 lagged 7 ditch 8 countdown 9 discharged 10 rotated Ex.5 expressions in use 1 out 2 with 3 in 4 between 5 from 6 of 7 with 8 over Sentence structure Ex.8 ? People with sleeping disorder cannot sleep much , as is the case with the people who get older ? The new irrigation system would require farmers to apply for a planning permission, as is the case with other commercial or industrial developments.? We have seen encouraging signs of improvement in our financial conditions, as is the case with the overall economy according to the media reports Ex.7 ? As enthusiastic and curious about it as he was at the start of his career.? As interested in these questions as he was when he first read them online.? As attentive toward his wife or children as she had expected.Collocation: Warm-up 1 severely restricted 2 terrifying effects 3 subsequent advances 4 damaging impact 5 remain undiscovered Ex.8 1 entire field 2 subsequent advances 3 reasonable argument 4 severely restricted 5 terrifying effects 6 suitable alternatives 7 well-understood principles 8 Medical research 9 supreme desire 10 moral compass 11 remain undiscovered 12 innocent animals 窗體底端