第一篇：現代大學英語精讀3_unit_8課后答案
我們只不過是人
勞拉．施萊辛格
Pre-class Work
1.Explain the following.1)free will(Para.1): the ability to make your own decisions about what to do rather than being controlled
by God or fate 自由意志
2)the product of causation(Para.1): the.human behavior is a response to external stimulation, and
therefore is genes-determined.某種原因造成的結果
3)fateful night(Para.9): the night that had an important bad effect on future events 那個決定性的夜晚
4)honor his commitment(Para.10): to do what he has committed to do to others;to do his duty;to respect his obligations to others履行義務或實踐許諾
5)clause(Para.20): a separate division of a written legal document with its own separate and complete
meaning 條款
6)absorbing(Para.26): interesting;enjoyable;gripping 吸引人的 2.Paraphrase.1)Human beings have no free will, they are all victims of these external causes as a group.2)As if the fact we are human were a kind of detailed plan which determines how we react to situations.This reaction is instinctive and natural just like with all animals, insects, birds.3)The 3 C's are Character, Courage, and Conscience, without these qualities, we cease to be human and will be just like big ants which live out their lives in a way that is determined by their natural instincts.4)Only managing to live in a vegetable state.5)If you want to live a good and energetic life, you need the ability to make decisions and take action
without waiting for someone to tell you what to do;you should be brave enough to take risks;you
should take continued action against difficulties;you should be ready to lose life for ideals and you
should have an instance of accepting or trusting in something that cannot be readily seen or trusted.6)Courage is as important to life as broth is to soup.7)In order to be excused, we often try hard to twist things and put the blame on others or try to justify our
actions in various ways in our speaking as well as in our thinking.8)Relating to what we have mentioned, pleasure is something that just happens;happiness is a series of
things that involved.Pleasure is a finishingpoint;happiness is a long process.Pleasure is something
related to the real world and physical objects;happiness is something related to your spirit.Pleasure is
something related to yourself;happiness is something related to others and the world.3.Learn to use reference books.Check in a Chinese-English dictionary for the translations of the following Chinese collocations of“ 開 ”.開門 to open the door;開口 to open one,s mouth(or start to talk);開火 to open fire;開刀 to have an operation;開發 to open up...(or to develop;to exploit);開工(of a factory, etc.)to go into operation;開花 to blossom;開會 to have a meeting;開胃 to whet(or stimulate)the appetite;開心 to feel happy;開玩笑 to crack a joke(to make fun of)4.Learn rules of word-building.Enrich and enlarge your vocabulary.1)Give the corresponding nouns of the following.(1)devastation
(2)exhilaration
(3)conformity
(4)procreation
(5)invocation
(6)sustenance
(7)projection
(8)derivation
(9)criticism
(10)restoration
2)Give the corresponding verbs of the following.(1)to contort
(2)to rationalize
(3)to transgress
(4)to condemn
(5)to abort
(6)to emphasize
(7)to seduce
(8)to gratify
(9)to destroy
(10)to indulge
(11)to oblige
(12)to motivate
(13)to cause
(14)to survive
More Work on the Text II Vocabulary 1.Translate
1)into English.(1)to shape one's mind
(2)to honor one's commitment
(3)to sustain life
(4)to raise a family
(5)to make a judgment
(6)to focus one's attention
(7)to devastate the country
(8)to blame the weather
(9)to avoid sacrifice
(10)to demand justice
(11)to criticize the theory
(12)to condemn the war
(13)to emphasize education
(14)to acknowledge defeat
(15)to sustain economic growth
(16)to restore the building
(17)to cause trouble
(18)to resist the temptation
2)into Chinese.(1)動物界
(2)某種原因造成的結果
(3)自由意志
`
(4)條件反射
(5)由生物本能決定的(6)自然選擇
(7)高級動物；萬物之靈
(8)適者生存
(9)固有欲望
(10)利他的行為
(11)社會地位
(12)一個關鍵的晚上
(13)正當的地位
(14)眼前一時痛快
(15)蠻力
(16)思想斗爭
(17)良心不安；良心有愧
(18)對未經證實之事物的信仰
(19)合同的例外條款
(20)植物人的狀態
(21)長期目標
(22)十分吸引人的電影
(23)全心全意和孩子相聚的時間
(24)價值觀念體系 2.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)Give synonyms.(1)example
(2)lonely, alone
(3)to look, to gaze
(4)properly, appropriately
(5)natural, inborn, instinctive
(6)to gain, to obtain
(7)deeply, extremely
(8)to give up
(9)idea, thought, theory, notion
(10)mutual, shared
(11)to shape, to form
(12)fortress, love, emotional attachment
(13)decisive, decisively important, critical, fatal
(14)duty, responsibility
(15)responsibility, obligation
(16)honesty, virtue, uprightness
(17)satisfaction, pleasure, enjoyment
(18)to struggle, to fight, to deal with, to tackle
(19)delighted, in high spirits
(20)to agree with, to comply with, to follow, to adhere to
(21)very great
(22)damaging, very destructive, shocking
2)Give antonyms.(1)construction
(2)former
(3)outer
(4)selfish
(5)to deny
(6)unsteady, shaky, unstable
(7)physical, material, bodily
(8)immeasurable
(9)deep, in-depth, profound
(10)imbalance
(11)long, long-lived, lasting, enduring, permanent, eternal
(12)immoral, amoral
(13)required, compulsory
(14)unwilling
(15)positive 3.Translate.1)As the saying goes: All roads lead to Rome.2)That wrong line led to a serious setback of the revolution.3)The discovery of a knife on his body led the police to suspect that he was the murderer.4)We are leading the world in the production of rice, cotton, hogs, and coal.5)Lack of exercise can lead to all kinds of health problems.6)Some political scientists in the West believe that a balance of power could lead to world peace.7)Most of the leading economic powers in the world are committed to global environmental protection.8)Those traces of water led many scientists to believe that there might be some forms of life on that planet.9)It's amazing how she Can balance herself on that ball.10)For most Chinese people, the unification of our country is a serious/solemn commitment.11)Yes, I taught her once.She struck me as quite a committed student.12)Many things in this world require a good balance.Once you lose balance, troubles begin.13)Mr.Smith said that it was his honor to be our business partner, and he assured us that his company is committed to help China with her modernization effort.14)This treaty commits all member nations to develop their cooperation.15)Some European countries have not been able to balance their budgets.16)It's a matter of honor to repay my debts on time.But right now my total balance in the bank is only 20
dollars.17)The banking system of that country is in a terrible state.18)It was said that the Russian state-owned enterprises were privatized almost overnight.19)During the talks, he made an official statement that his government will not adopt a two-China policy.4.Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word.1)of
2)for
3)out
4)out
5)up
6)of
7)up
8)down
9)at
10)out of
ll)up
12)to, away from
13)on, in
14)on, by, of
15)In, instead of, to
16)to, on, at
17)in, By
18)with, For, on, In 5.Correct mistakes in the following sentences.1)I have not been informed about this meeting.(Or: I have not been informed that I should attend the meeting.)
2)succeeded in getting(Or: finally managed to get the ticket)
3)fall to keep the job
4)so long in realizing your mistake.(Or: Why did it take you so long to realize your mistake?)
5)consistes of(Or: is made of)
6)anxious to know
7)frank with
8)incapable of telling...9)he prided himself on/took pride in;patients'
10)In the eyes of
11)Sure, no problem.(out of the question: not possible or not allowed)
12)The teacher suggested that we should not try to specialize too early.(Or: The teacher advised us not to try to specialize too early.)6.Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or words that
happen to have the same spelling.I)我們在這個問題上應該保持中立。我們不應該偏向哪一方。
2)第二年的收成也不好，他們那塊地里幾乎顆粒無收。
3)那個臉精瘦的高個子被控與一樁銀行搶劫陰謀有關。
4)他把他的傘倚在墻邊，在一張桌子旁坐了下來，然后拿起了菜單。
5)老年人往往抱怨年輕人，反過來年輕人也抱怨老年人。這是代溝的一種反映。6)這篇文章包括了他對我們社會問題的一些看法。
7)當我想到上帝是公正的時候，我不禁為我的國家擔心得發抖。(托馬斯．杰弗遜)8)強烈的信仰往往反映強烈的偏見。
9)當他把他的包扔到窗外的時候，我以為他瘋了。10)蠟燭滅了，山洞里變得一片漆黑。
11)那天風很大，我們花了九牛二虎之力才支起帳篷。12)為了達到我們今年的目標，我們都必須一起努力。
7.Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.(1)exact
(2)leading
(3)searching
(4)had been marching
(5)over
(6)reach
(7)where
(8)all
(9)feeling
(10)when
(11)being
(12)almost
(13)than
(14)like
(15)up III.6rammar 1.Understand grammar in context.1)Observe how object complements are expressed.(1)“as” + a noun phrase
(2)“as” + a what-clause, the object being “which”(referring to “character”)
(3)“as”+ a gerund phrase
(4)an infinitive phrase
(5)a perfect present participle
(6)as + a comparative adjective phrase
(7)as + a noun phrase
(8)a noun phrase, the object being “that”(referring to “those standards and values”)
(9)a noun phrase
(10)a passive infinitive phrase
(11)a noun phrase, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(12)a comparative adjective phrase
(13)an adjective, the nominal object being “it”(referring to the infinitive phrase)
(14)an infinitive phrase
(15)an adjective phrase;present participle phrase
(16)an adjective phrase
(17)an adjective;a prepositional phrase
(18)a passive present participle phrase
2)Observe the passive form in these sentences and point out its function.(1)the main verb followed by an infinitive phrase
(2)the main verb used with modals
(3)a passive infinitive as object
(4)a passive gerund phrase as prepositional object
(5)the main verb(a phrasal verb)
(6)the main verbs used with an auxiliary
(7)the main verb in the present continuous tense
(8)a passive gerund as prepositional object
(9)a passive infinitive as object
(10)a passive infinitive used after an adjective adverbially
(11)the main verb;the main verb in the relative clause and followed by an infinitive
(12)the main verb used with a modal and followed by a that-clause(the subject)2.Complete the sentences.1)By putting the verbs in the right form.(1)quarreling
(2)trying
(3)dismissed
(4)pick up
(5)smoking
(6)removed
(7)to strike
(8)happen
(9)photographed
(10)burning
2)With the appropriate form of the verbs provided below(some Words may be used twice).(1)smelt
(2)kept
(3)cut
(4)considered
(5)pushed, lying
(6)dye, paint
(7)declared
(8)appointed
(9)labeled
(10)burnt
(11)call
(12)rendered
(13)turned
(14)kept
(15)considered/found 3, Improve the sentences using the “verb + it + adjective/noun + to-infinitive” construction.1)Even residents of long standing find it difficult to give directions.2)I find it impossible to forget what I witnessed that day.3)Some people find it difficult to adapt to this rapidly changing world.4)Quite a lot of people find it difficult to accept the result of the “election”.5)I don't think it feasible to change the plan now.6)They think it right to stick to the original plan.7)I think it improper to back out at the last moment.8)As a doctor, she considers it her duty to help the sick and save the dying.9)I consider it a great honor to meet all of you here today.10)I consider it an insult to be cold-shouldered like that.4.Translate into English.1)The Chinese in brackets, using passive verb forms.(1)to be left alone for a while
(2)had been knocked unconscious
(3)was buried deep
(4)can and will be realized
(5)are expected to share household chores
(6)is generally believed
(7)being criticized in public
(8)being harassed/annoyed by hoodlums
(9)are believed to be genuine
(10)would be found guilty, to be tried by another jury
2)The sentences.(1)The miners nicknamed their union leader “Lefty”.(2)The media describe the event as epoch-making.(3)I think it immoral to take advantage of their difficulty.(4)In those days of poverty, the family kept their dreams alive.(5)We'll hold you responsible if anything happens to these children.(6)We should see setbacks and failures as a necessary part of our lives.(7)Lying in bed in the dark, he listened to the cold rain beating on the window.(8)We look upon Professor Lin as instructor, friend and adviser all in one.(9)Their stories set us wondering what we would do under similar circumstances.(10)No matter how late she finishes the day's work, she leaves everything in their place.(11)To our disappointment, we found the new manager competent, but hard to get along with.(12)He foundhimself unable to tolerate the indifference of the city and decided to leave.(13)The computer is often referred to as the most important invention in the last century.(14)When the bus drove near the oak tree, Vingo found it covered with hundreds of yellow ribbons.(15)Michael Dell was made to promise to go back to school if he couldn't launch his own company in the summer.5.Learn to use prepositions “above” and “over”.1)Study the use of “above” and “over” in these sentences.(1)to(4): superior to, of greater importance or of higher quality than
(5)and(6): at a higher place or position than
(7)in preference to
(8)and(9): on or upon
(10)throughout the length or duration of
(11)in preference t6
(12)directly above, on the top of
(13)and(14): here and there on or in
(15)and(16): concerning about, because of
2)Complete the sentences by putting “above” or “over” as you see fit.(1)above
(2)over
(3)above
(4)over
(5)over
(6)above
(7)above/over
(8)over
(9)above
(10)over
(11)over
(12)above
(13)Over, over
(14)above
(15)over 6.Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1)B
2)C
3)B
4)C
5)D
6)A
7)B
8)A
9)B
10)D
11)B
12)B
13)C
14)D
15)B
第二篇：現代大學英語精讀4_課后答案
Key to the Exercises 3.15)out of sight 16)in this instance 17)to think well/ill of sb 18)to confront sb with sth 19)to lag behind 20)to confer sth on sb 21)for my money 22)to be too much for sb 23)to make for 24)to set out to do sth 25)few and far between 26)to aspire to 27)at the best of times
28)all over again 29)to do away with 30)to stand to lose
4.Increase your vacabulary with the help of the rules of word-building 1)Find the most useful derivatives of the following.satisfy: satisfied, satisfying, satisfactory, satisfaction, unsatisfied, dissatisfied resist: resistance, resistant, irresistible
just: unjust, justice, injustice, justify, justified, justification, justifiable cohere: coherent, coherence, incoherent, incoherence center(v): center(n.), central, centralize, centralization，decentralize, decentralization visit: visitor, visitation, revisit(The following words are also related to visit: visible，invisible, visibility, vision, visual, television, supervise)
integrate: integration, integrated, integral, disintegrate, disintegration, integrity
More Work on theText
Vocabulary 1.1)into Chinese.1)into Chinese.(1)浴巾
(2)(美)小學
(3)永恒的真理(4)文件柜
(5)純屬無稽之談
(6)違規行為
(7)?？?/p>
(8)新鮮空氣
(9)格調很高的獨自(一個人唱高調)(10)一種固定的觀點
(11)時事(當前國內外大事)(12)身體障礙
(13)可怕嚇人的風
(14)令人厭惡的景象
(15)言語障礙
(16)使人興奮沖動的愛國激情
(17)無情的人侵者
(18)首相
(19)國際聯盟(國聯)(20)思維過程(思想方式)(21)條理清楚的文章
(22)一個完整的體系
(23)一位口譯好手
(24)一種不可阻擋的趨向
(25)爛蘋果
(26)根據事實(啟示〉寫成的(27)一位點頭之交
2)into English.(1)to sink one's head(2)to sink the ship
(3)to contemplate the meaning of life
(4)to catch the light(5)to ruin one's health(6)to ruin the country(7)to bang the desk(8)to playa prominent role
(9)to hold a prominent position(10)a pious Buddhist(11)to gain a reputation(12)to satisfy one's ego(13)to give sb the third degree(14)to devise a teaching method(15)to slide a gun into sb's hand 2.1)Synonyms.(1)to spring(to jump, to leap)(2)lest(for fear that)(3)utterly(completely)(4)to symbolize(to represent)(5)to sink one's head(to lower...)
(6)to contemplate(to think/ponder)(7)spectacles(glasses)
(8)impediment(barrier, obstacle)(9)to collapse(to fall/to tumble down)(10)to ruin(to destroy)(11)to vanish(to disappear)(12)oddly(strangely)
(13)to aspire to(to desire/to aim for)(14)to do away with(to eliminate)(15)to stop/give up(smoking)(to quit)(16)deficiency(weakness, fault, shortcoming)(17)folly(stupidity)2)Antonyms.(1)coherent(incoherent)(2)mental(physical)
(3)disinterested(interested)(4)hideous(pleasant)(5)settled(unsettled)(6)frequent(infrequent)(7)integration(disintegration)(8)proficient(incompetent)(9)to destroy(to create)(10)to surpass(to lag behind)
(11)remorseless(remorseful)(12)to vanish(to appear)(13)accustomed(unaccustomed)(14)irreverent(reverent)
(15)few and far between(many, innumerable, countless, numerous)(6)loyalty(disloyalty)(17)contented(discontented)
(18)pre-war(post-war)(19)prominent(unimportant)
3.Translate 1)I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2)As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3)Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4)It is our hope to integrate all the courses and teaching materials.5)The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6)In traditional Chinese art, the
bamboo stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7)The great majority of the people stand for reform.8)Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9)The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first.That's the rule.10)Democracy means that the majority rules, but the minority's right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11)A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.13)The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.14)The road was muddy.He slipped and fell into the river.15)One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.16)The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.17)The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.18)The hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.19)Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.20)He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.21)Her health was such that she would not go out in the sun even in winter lest she got sunstroke.4.1)c.2)A.3)D.4)A.5)B.6)B.7)C.8)B.9)A.10)C.11)D 12)A.13)A.14)B.5.1)(1)sexy(2)sexual(3)sexy(4)sexist(5)sexual
2)(1)uninterested(2)disinterested(3)disinterested(4)disinterested, uninterested
3)(1)Literary(2)literally(3)literate
(4)literal(5)literary
4)(1)bulging(2)sticking out of(3)bulging(4)bulging(5)sticking out of
(6)protruding, protruding 5)(1)slid(2)slip(3)slipped(4)sliding
(5)slip 6)(1)prestige(2)reputation(3)reputation(4)prestige 1)decisive 2)sang beautifully 3)robust 4)soft 5)democratic 6)eloquent
7)have lost his appetite.8)The slice of meat was so thick that it was quite(transparent).9)His room was surprisingly clean and tidy.It was almost as clean as(pigsty).10)Many people are just as original as(parrots).(1)their(2)even(3)reason(4)disagree(5)to express(6)thinking
(7)for(8)dealing with(9)Staying(10)hungry(11)gains
(12)born of
(13)can
(14)superficial(15)when
III Grammar 1 1)Point out the parallel construction and its grammatical form in each of these sentences.(1)not by thought;by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck-two
prepositional phrases(contrast)(2)unconscious prejudice;19norance;hypocrisy-three noun phrases(listing)(3)as proficient as most businessmen's golf;as honest as most politicians' intentions;as coherent as most books that get written-three comparative adjective phrases(listing)
(4)all shouting the same thing;all warming their hands at the fire of their own prejudicestwo absolute constructions(listing)
(5)watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King;asking myself what all the fuss was about-two present participle phrases(as object complements, listing)
(6)prejudices are called loyalties;pointless actions are turned into customs by repetition-two clauses
(listing)
(7)three coordinate clauses(listing)(8)to appreciate little that which we have;to long for that which we have not-two infinitive phrases as subject(contrast)
(9)to be;not to be-two infinitive phrases as subject(choice)
(10)give me liberty;give me death-two imperative clauses(choice)(11)is written without effort;is read without pleasure-two passive verb phrases(contrast)(12)you can fool all of the people some of the time and some of the people all of the time;you can't fool all of the people all of the time-two coordinate clauses connected by “but”(series plus contrast)
The first clause itself contains two parallel constructions-all of the people some time;some of the people all of the time-connected by “and”(choice)2)Study and point out the function of the italicized part of these sentences.(1)adjective phrase as subject complement
(2)deaf: adjective forming a complement to “someone” with “born”
bitterly determined to find out about sound: adjective phrase as complement to “someone”(3)adjective phrase as subject complement
(4)adjective phrase as attributive modifying “good life”(an adjective
phrase modifying a noun should be placed after the noun)(5)adjective phrase as subject complement 1)Thomas Edison says that genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.2)Suzhou is known for its canals, gardens and tree-lined streets.3)The morning was dark, cold with a little snow in the air.4)The unemployed man wanted a job rather than welfare.Or: The unemployed man wanted to find a job rather than to apply for welfare.5)Crawling down a mountain is
sometimes harder than climbing up.6)The essay is difficult to understand not because there are a lot of technical terms but because there are quite a few involved sentences.Or: The essay is difficult to understand not because of the technical terms 10 it but because of the involved sentences.7)For further information, you can either consult an encyclopaedia or surf the Internet.8)Not only China but also the rest of the world will benefit from her WTO entry.It is a win-win event.Or: As a win-win event, China's WTO entry will be of benefit to both China and the rest of the world.9)The job of the university is not only making specialists of its
students but also helping them become civilized citizens.Or: The job of the university is both to make specialists of its students and to help them become civilized citizens.10)Going to classes, doing his homework and reading occupy most of his waking hours at college.1)20 years later he returned as poor as when he had left.2)He arrived home from a coast-to-coast journey a bag of bones.3)The girl stared at her parents, puzzled, troubled and annoyed.4)The proposal was dismissed as
impractical and unfeasible.5)Just some twenty feet away, crouched the wolf, ready to jump on the boy at any moment.6)The audience sat open-mouthed, watching the conjurers performing all sorts of tricks.7)The detective was lying awake in bed, thinking how they could capture the wanted man alive.8)The talk show host was pleased that he had passed through the crowd unrecognized.9)Sincere, compassionate, forgiving, Linda is the soul of the true, the good and the beautiful.10)Diogenes was lying in the sunshine, shoeless, bearded, and half-naked, but contented and happy.1)You can force a student to attend classes, but you cannot force him to think.Or: You can force a student to attend classes, but not to think.2)The study of literature can help you to understand not only other people but also yourself.3)You can improve your writing by reading good models and by practicing writing.4)In the Middle Ages, people believed that the eatth was flat and that it was the center of the universe.5)I can afford neither the time nor the money to play golf with those big cheeses.6)Xiao Jin could not decide whether to apply for graduate studies right after college or to get a job first.7)Love cures people-both those who give it and those who receive it.8)Excellent firms don't believe in perfection, only in constant improvement and constant change.9)Many things cannot be learned in the classroom, such as planning one's time, working on one's own and managing one's own affairs.10)In the past ten years people, especially old people, have been concerned more about their health than about their income.1)looks, being complimented, will say, has come, felt, was, was always looking for, to hurt, was called, believed, heard, would come, take, replace, might/would happen, to make, would/might get, to fool, would say.2)became, should be removed,(I)'ve learned, wouldn't really want, is, provides, isn't, dies, crashes, will lay, have been lying, find, rotting, sprout, goes on.1)C.2)D.3)B.4)D.5)A.6)C.7)B.8)A.9)C.10)B.1l)C.12)D.13)A.14)B.15)D.16)A.Translate
2）into English 1)into Chinese
(1)to gain new insights(1)專業的歷史工作者
(2)to revise one’s ideas(2)基于常識的反應
(3)to trace the cause
(3)事物的這種狀況
(4)to begin from this premise(4)意見不一的歷史學家
(5)to open fire on/at(5)已經準備好了的現成的東西
(6)to give equal weight to sth(6)一個個人喜好不同的問題
(7)to support a certain view
(7)截然不同的觀點
(8)to influence the government(8)民間故事
(9)to destroy the balance of power(9)書面文件
(10)to form an alliance(10)過去的遺留物
(11)to repay the loans
(11)人的動機和行為
(12)to contemplate war(12)復雜和精細
(13)to fill in the gaps
(13)商船
(14)to conclude the quest
(14)一旦發生潛艇戰
(15)to view sth from a certain perspective(15)一個粗糙的理論
(16)to benefit from the comparison(16)好戰的行為；戰爭行為
(17)to eliminate from the comparison(17)宣傳機器
(18)to dig into the problem
(18)德國外交部長
(19)to be immersed in a vast sea(19)實力平衡
(20)to stem from a different point of view(20)（事物的）因果
(21)to be destined to do sth(21)海岸炮兵
(22)to ignore the fact
(22)終極關懷
(23)to make an assumption
(23)（事物的）近因
(24)to defeat the enemy
(24)人們常說的一句話
(25)to win back one’s lost territory(25)不會出錯的解釋
(26)to sink a boat
(26)絕對有效的模式
(27)to intercept the secret message(27)永不停止的探索
(28)to piece together evidence(28)一個難以達到但又十分誘人的目標
(29)to approximate the truth
(30)to master new techniques
1.Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1)synonyms(1)elusive : puzzling, baffling(2)intriguing: fascinating
(3)evident: clear, plain, obvious, noticeable(4)ultimate: final, last(5)to revise: to correct, to change, to alter, to modify, to rewrite(6)to probe: to dig into, to investigate, to look into(7)belligerent: warlike, warring, aggressive, hostile(8)in addition to: besides, apart from, plus
(9)in the event of: in the case of, should sth occur(10)nonetheless: nevertheless, in spite of that, just the same(11)to conclude(the quest): to end(the search / probing)(12)to denote: to refer to
(13)persuasively: convincingly(14)more or less: on the whole, generally speaking(15)moreover: in addition, besides, apart from that, what’s more(16)by way of: through
2)antonyms(1)to be faulted: to be praised(2)exhilarating: depressing(3)unquestioned: doubtful(4)validity: unsoundness, weakness(5)premise: conclusion(6)motivation: effect
(7)proportionate: disproportionate(8)pro-British: anti-British(9)to take into account: to ignore(10)crude(theory): a well-developed(theory), a sophisticated(theory)(11)confused: clear, clear-minded(12)professional: non-professional, amateurish
2.Replace the words in bold type with words and phrases you know that convey more or less the same meaning.1)simple/primitive;told;thick 2)pondering/thinking about;future/fate;insignificant 3)completely/entirely;different/opposite 4)consider/regard;look at;angles/points of view 5)knows very well;growing/increasing;complaints 6)besides/apart from;easy;in the case of/if there is 7)purposely paid no attention to
8)generally/on the whole;however/but;come from/originate from 9)absolutely reliable;wipe out/get rid of;bound to
3.Translate 1)The cause of the aircraft crash is so far unknown.2)The cause of global warming is still hotly debated among scientists.3)He devoted all his life to the cause of environmental protection.4)The river has caused us a lot of trouble in history.5)What do you think caused the upsurge in international terrorism? 6)We must try and unite with those who have opposed us.7)There is always opposition to any progress and reform.8)Some people are always opposed to new things.9)A lot of those loans were never repaid.That high ratio of bad debts finally led to the financial crisis in this second economic power in the world.10)The Business Bank now offers a special loan to students who can’t pay for their education.11)The boy asked Mrs.Stow for the loan of her binoculars.12)She concluded her speech by saying that she hoped she could come again some day and see more of the country.13)As soon as they concluded the investigation, they were to report to the Security Council.14)During his visit, he will conclude a new trade agreement with India.15)Based on those reasonable doubts, the jury had to conclude that the boy was not guilty.16)She is flying to New York by way of Tokyo.17)I’d like to say a few words about the situation in the sixties of the last century by way of an introduction to the movie.18)They decided to recall their ambassador by way of protest.4.Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1)while/although;to 2)over/about;with 3)to;in
4)led to/resulted in/caused 5)with;lends/gives/brings 6)from;in 7)as to;of
8)in the even of;survive 9)to;to;study 10)out;in 11)in;weight/priority 12)denote;of
13)immersed/buried;more or less 14)rather;the more 15)at;stems from/comes from/originates from/results from 16)base;filled in
Key to Exercise of Unit Four
P.107 ex.3
9.to put back one’s head 10.to put down a drink
11.in case 12.to squint at sth.Out of the corner of one’s eye 13.to stand next to sth.14.to be lost in the contemplation of sth.15.to feel like sth.16.with---and all 17.round the corner 18.by this/that time 19.to start off 20.to walk abreast 21.to be at one’s ease 22.to weave sb.In 23.to save sb.From 24.to talk one’s heart to sb.25.not for all the money in the world 26.to knock sb.Down 27.to say sth.In a strained voice 28.to get beyond sb.29.for God’s sake 30.to do sth.By accident P.108.5 March the words or expressions in
the two columns that have similar meanings.A.1=B.4
A.2=B.6 A.3=B.8
A.4 =B.10 A.A.5=B.12
A.6=B.11
A.7=B.15
A.8=B.17 A.9=B.16
A.10 =B.1 A.11= B.3
A.12=B.7 A.13=B.18
A.14=B.20 A.15=B.5
A.16=B.14 A.17.=B.9
A.18=B.2 A.19=B.13
A.20 =B.19 6.Give the equivalent of the following in British English.1.lift
2.flat
3.lorry
4.autumn 5.trousers 6.term 7.film
8.cinema 9.motorbike 10.sweet 11.cock 12.toilet 13.pavement 14.clever 15.cheque 16.boot 17.railway 18.underground P.113 More Work on the Test 1.Translate 1.)Into Chinese
1.難以解決的問題 2.一本難以看懂的書 3.一個愛交際的女人 4.黑市
5.黑色幽默 6.害群之馬 7.黑人權利
8.缺少表達能力的人 9.全國性運動
10.贊揚或恭維的話 11.調皮的男孩 12.某些大人物們 13.種族隔離的學校
14.他的無可爭議的權威 15.一個地位很高的人士 16.公海
17.上流社會 18.機密消息
19.冷淡而缺少人情味的門 20.冷淡的公文式的信 21.真誠的羨慕
22.不自然的，緊張的說話的聲音
2）Into English 1.to celebrate the Golden Jubilee 2.to excite admiration 3.to touch the conscience 4.to win the prize 5.to receive the reprimand 6.to omit the words 7.to renounce the prizes 8.to avert a crisis 9.to attend the ceremony 10.to exhibit a works of art 11.to indulge the pleasures 12.to guard a child 13.to feel up to it 14.to bring sth.to a close 15.to weave sb.in 16.to save sb.from a situation 17.to talk out one’s heart to sb.18.to knock sb.down 19.to pour sb.a drink 20.to raise(lift)one’s glass
二．Translate 1.Import of the country’s beef was suspended because of the mad cow scare.2.During the war, they had to suspend the construction of the railway.2.it was a serious offence to take drugs, Robert was suspended from school for two weeks.3.She was reading in a hammock suspended from two tree branches.4.The sales suspension has brought us heavy losses.5.This is perhaps the longest suspension bridge in Asia.6.The author is very good at creating suspense.7.He used to watch wit great envy children of wealthy people go to school.8.I rather envy their school for its beautiful campus.9.She averted her face so that people would
not see her blush.10.He has always had an aversion to publicity.11.The government’s policy succeeded in averting a serious economic recession.12.Michael Jordan is the envy of many black kids.13.Every summer, hundreds of thousands of people are sent to guard the riverbanks against floods.14.it was not easy to get the golden apple, for it was guarded by a furious giant.15.Xicheng was practically unguarded so Zhuge Liang narrowly escaped being captured.16.The prisoners of war killed the guards and escaped into the woods.17.He is probably the greatest guard in the history of basketball.18.They took Americans off guard by launching a sudden attack on a Sunday.19.There were two armed soldiers
standing guard at the bridge.20.Napoleon exhibited his military talent early in life.21.These exhibits are all insured and carefully guarded.22.When the exhibition is over, the exhibit will be given to the host country as gifts.23.She is going to exhibit some of her most recent sculptures at the National Art Gallery.四．Put the most appropriate words in the blanks.1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A
五． Study the difference between the following pairs or groups of words 1.1)renounce 2)announce
3)renounce
4)denounce
2.1)avoid , prevent
2)prevent 3.1)divided 2)segregated
3)divided
4)separated 4.1)personage 2)person 3)personality
4)person 5.1)complementary
2)complimentary 3)complimentary
4)compliment 6.1)secret
2)confidential 3)secret
4)confidential, secret
七． Choose the best word or phrase for each blank from the four supplied in brackets.1.sensible 2.larger
3.Unfortunately 4.original 5.receipt
6.rejoin 7.viciously 8.demanded 9.marched 10.assumed
11.cases
12.get away 13.protest
14.had spoken to 15.couldn’t really have comforted
More Work on the Text 二． Complete the following sentences with the right form of the
verb in the brackets.1.is 2.are 3.was 4.frightens 5.are 6.is 7.were all 8.was
9.knows 10.are
11.are, am 12.is 13.was 14.has
15.is, is
三．Rewrite the sentences using the pattern shown in the example.1.It is now believed that foreign language are most easily learnt by children under 14.2.It is reported that the negotiations between the two countries had made headway.3.It has been confirmed that a major breakthrough has been achieved in cancer research.4.It is strongly recommended that fishing in the lake be strictly forbidden during the spring season.5.It is agreed among the rival companies that joint efforts should be made to
prevent the price of color TV from going through the floor.6.It shouldn’t be assumed that all our problems will be resolved overnight.7.It is generally assumed that depression affects a person’s health in many ways.8.It was announced yesterday that a new tax law would be imposed beginning next year.9.In ancient times, it was believed that the heart , not the brain, was the center of thought.10.It is predicted(in a medical report)the number of AIDS victims in Asia will increase sharply in the next decade.四． Translate the sentences into English 1.It’s widely rumored that Linda’s being promoted.2.It is estimated that the project will cost RMB three billion.3.It is assumed that the Labor Party will remain in power.4.It was proposed a few years ago that the president be elected for one term only.5.It was announced that another bridge across the Yangtze would be built next year.6.it was believed even then that the abnormal state of affairs wouldn’t last long.二．Paying special attention to subject –verb agreement.1.The jury is having trouble reaching a verdict.2.Whenever either of us is in a tight corner, we always come to each other’s help.3.Statistics are facts obtained from analyzing information given in numbers.4.Statistics is a branch of mathematics
concerned with the study of information expressed in numbers.5.Neither his friends and nor his father was admitted by Tsinghai University.6.Xiao Li is one of the best foot players at our university who have ever participated in intercollegiate championships.五． Put in appropriate connectives.1.as, where, that/which, if/whether , but.if 2.When, if, Then, that/which, than
六． Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.C 9.C 1O.C 11.B 12.D 13.A 14.D 15.B 16 C
第三篇：現代大學英語精讀1課后答案
現代大學英語精讀1課后答案 目 錄 1、Lesson 1 Half a Day 1 2、Lesson 2 Going Home 3 3、Lesson 3 Massage of the Land 4 4、Lesson 4 The Boy and the Bank Officer 6 5、Lesson 5 Angels on a Pin 7 6、Lesson 6 The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street 8 7、Lesson 7 Mandela’s Garden 10 8、Lesson 8 My Personal Manager 11 1、Lesson 1 Half a Day Answers 1.Oral Work 1)What did his father say to give him courage? How did the boy feel when he arrived at the school gate with his father? 2)What did the boy learn in school? Can you name some of the things he learned? 2．Vocabulary test 1)choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1)had received(2)affects(3)Admission(4)awake(5)beneath(6)on 2)Put in the missing words.good-natured；
hunt；
drank；
queer；
asleep；
woke；
occurred；
absence；
portrait；
replace.3．Grammar Work Put in the blanks with correct verb forms.(1)was surfing；
was cut；
(2)will have planted；
(3)was；
had not been；
(4)has been married；
(5)is；
will be；
(6)is；
must have rained 4．Written Work Write what you’ve learnt from the text about the little boy’s life in school in about 100 words.5．Translation(1)也許所有教育最有價值的結果就是培養你有具有讓你完成你不得不做的任何該做的事,不管你愿不愿意做.(2)教育就是能讓我們不斷地發現我們的無知.2、Lesson 2 Going Home Answers 1.Oral work(1)What do you know about these young people?(2)How did the young people feel when they heard the story ? 2.Vocabulary test 1)choose the right word and put in the proper form:(1)across(2)rise(3)attend/ take part in(4)reach(5)since(6)above/ below 2)Put in the missing words.screaming；
clenched；
triumph；
exaltation；
except；
stunned；
misty；
covered；
ribbons；
banner 3.Grammar work Translation.(1)Nobody could tell where the treasure was hidden.(2)The traffic will be very heavy on the road during the rush hour everyday.(3)He may have given her advice, but I doubt if it does her any good.(4)What she learned at university proved useful in her research.(5)If he had waited for the traffic lights to change, he would not have been killed.(6)If not I had seen him at the party yesterday evening!4.Written Work 略.5.Translation(1)多給人原諒比多去譴責(2)如果我們想要去愛,我們必須學會如何去原諒.3、Lesson 3 Massage of the Land Answers 1.Oral work(answers omitted)2.Vocabulary test 1)(1)unfaithful(2)take out(3)talk over(4)send for(5)sent away(6)send up 2)Put the missing words(1)sick / ill(2)alone(3)out(4)phone(5)on(6)until(7)church(8)only(9)answered(10)needed(11)clever(12)save(13)bit(14)now 3)Write the numbers in words.(1)Two hundred and eight(2)One thousand five hundred / fifteen hundred(3)Seven thousand, one hundred and twenty-eight.(4)two dollars six-five / two dollars and sixty-five cents.(5)fourth(6)twenty-first(7)thirtieth(8)one half, three quarters, four fifths 3.Grammar work(answers omitted)4.Written Work One possible version: My parents were born, brought up and married on this land.They have been living there through their life.They got up at sunrise and retired with their chickens.They planted and reaped rice and raised a few goats, cows and chickens which could provide what they needed in their daily life..However, the piece of lands was no longer fertile, bleeding year after year, like them, getting old and exhausted.The soil was not difficult to till when there was a lot of rain, but in a bad year, it was not only the ploughs that broke but their hearts, too.The farmer life is hard but my parents are enjoying it.They cherish their land and never want to leave it.5.Translation.1)家再貧寒，也沒有任何地方能和它比。
2）家庭生活中標最重要的不僅是成員之間的心領神會，還需要心領神犀一點通。
3）我的丈夫對此卻比我安心多了。他總是不聞不問、不緊不慢，沉默寡言，自個兒過日 4、Lesson 4 The Boy and the Bank Officer Answers 1.Oral work(answers omitted)2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the right word and put it in the proper form.(1)take(2)bring(3)possibly(4)probably(5)probably(6)each(7)every 2)Put in the missing words.(1)relied(2)time(3)still(4)when(5)to(6)a(7)finally(8)started(9)As(10)trying(11)attention(12)tickets(13)then(14)back 3． Grammar work.Put in a, an, the, or “/” in the blankets(1)a, /,/(2)the(3)/,the(4)/,a(5)/, /(6)the, the(7)the, an 4．Written work One possible version: I was forced again by the bully to go to the bank for money.I handed over my own savings-account book to the bank officer, but unfortunately, he refused by saying that I was too young to withdraw money.I couldn’t believe it.When did this tiresome rule come out? A warn-hearted man argued with him that this so-called policy was ridiculous.But the officer insisted his opinion, I became hopeless.Suddenly, the kind man said to the officer that why you let the boy withdraw money before but not now.The officer annoyed, and still persisted in his refusal.This moment, I was totally upset and walked out of the bank.“What should I do? How can I deal with the wicked guy?” 5．Translation.1）我們應該為保持一個安全的環境作出自己的貢獻。
2）人生最大的教訓是知道即使傻瓜有時也是對的。
3）當時正式吃午飯的時候，銀行只有一個又一個職員值班。他是個人40來歲的黑人，梳著短短的平頭，留著一字胡，穿著一身整潔熨湯過的棕色西裝。他渾身上下都顯示出他是個穿著講究、有身份的人。
5、Lesson 5 Angels on a Pin Answers 1.Oral work 1)How can we control the frequent floods in the Yangtzi River valley? 2)What do you think is the best way to fight against pollution(crime/corruption/smoking?)2.Vocabulary text 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.(1)locked(2)disappointed(3)excited(4)surrounded(5)solved/settled(6)finished 2)Put in the missing words.(1)thirsty(2)in(3)best(4)why(5)so(6)finished(7)out(8)wasn’t(9)idea(10)back(11)against(12)climb(13)on(14)get(15)help(16)thought(17)advice(18)when(19)quickly(20)after(21)promise(22)but(23)as(24)have(25)before 3.Grammar work 1)Complete the exercises on the passive form(1)Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.(2)She was caught shoplifting.(3)Your bicycle is being repaired now.(4)A Roman pavement has just been found under Oxford Street.(5)Has Peter been invited to supper tonight?(6)Stamps are not sold in university bookstores.4.Written work Imagine yourself to be the student in the story and describe your experience of the exam in about 100 words.5.Translation(1)光勤勞是不夠的，螞蟻也是勤勞的。要看你為什么而勤勞。
(2)時間是個多才多藝的表演者。它能展翅飛翔，能闊步前進，能治愈創傷，能消逝而去，也能揭示真相 6、Lesson 6 The Monsters Are Due on Maple Street Answers 1.Oral work Read aloud the paragraphs in the play and act out the play.2.Vocabulary test 1)Choose the best word and put it in the proper form.(1)homely(2)weekly(3)fortnightly(4)timely(5)friendly(6)unlikely 2)Put in the missing words.(1)physically(2)for(3)started(4)with(5)race(6)times(7)heard(8)down(9)turned(10)bent(11)make(12)all(13)together(14)stood(15)on 3.Grammar work 1)Make each pair of sentences in to one sentence.(1)I’m sorry for those people who haven’t got a sense of responsibility.(2)He had a simple idea which changed the world.(3)It’s a book everybody talks about but nobody reads(4)I met a girl whose beauty took my breath away.(5)The dentist pulled out the two teeth which had been causing a lot of trouble.(6)All the poems she wrote were destroyed in a fire.4.Written work In about 100 words, write a summary of the play with the help of the following questions.1)When and where did the event tae place? 2)What happened one night? 3)What were people’s first reactions? 4)What did Tommy tee the people? 5)What was the effect of Tommy’s words? 6)What is the message of the story? 5.Translation(1)生活而無目標，猶如航海之無指南針。
(2)勝利是不會向我走來的，我必須自己走向勝利。
7、Lesson 7 Mandela’s Garden Answers 1.Oral work.2.Vocabulary test.1)Choose the right word and put it in its proper form.(1)earth(2)land, soil(3)remove(4)moved(5)learn(6)study 2)Put in the missing words.(1)who(2)history(3)went(4)animals(5)out(6)and(7)ago(8)grew(9)planted(10)stay(11)women(12)hunting(13)home 14)agriculture 3.Grammar work.Choose an appropriate conjunction from as/ since/until/when/while.1)While 2)since 3)When 4)until 5)As 6)as 4.Written work..5.Translation.1)事后諸葛亮。
2)自食其果。
8、Lesson 8 My Personal Manager Answers 1.Oral work.2.Vocabulary test.1)Complete the sentences, using the proper form of the phrasal verbs listed below: look after/look at/ look around/ look like/ look back/ look up/ look out.(1)look after(2)look like(3)look at(4)look around(5)Looking back(6)looked up 2)Put in the missing words.(1)dancing(2)going(3)meeting(4)sitting(5)working(6)joining(7)running(8)lifting(9)doing(10)taking(11)Exercising(12)wasting 3.Grammar work.Complete the exercises on comparatives and superlatives.1)nicer 2)father/further 3)less anxious 4)worse 5)more…than 6)latter 4.Written work.5.Translation.1)人多力量大。
2)世上無難事，只要肯攀登。
單純的課本內容，并不能滿足學生的需要，通過補充，達到內容的完
第四篇：現代大學英語精讀6 課后題答案
Lesson 1 1.An imbalance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics.貧富不均乃共和政體最致命疾.2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune, if they are poor and meek, they eventually will inherit the earth.他們的貧窮只是一種暫時性的不幸，如果他們貧窮但卻溫順，他們最終將成為世界的主人.3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy’s not their bedrooms.熱戀的夫婦應該在梅西百貨商店過夜,而不是他們的新房.4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.And so is in economic life.It’s merely the working out of a law of the nature and a law of God.美國這朵玫瑰花以其華貴與芳香讓觀眾傾倒，贊不絕口，而她之所以能被培植就是因為在早期其周圍的花蕾被插掉了，在經濟生活中情況亦是如此。這是自然規律和上帝的意志在起作用.5.(It has become)an economically not unrewarding enterprise.（它已成為）經濟上收入不菲的行業.6.There is...no form of oppression that is quiet so great, no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive, as that which come from having no money at all.沒有哪種壓迫比身無分文更厲害，也沒有哪種對思想和行為的束縛比一無所有來得更全面徹底
7.Freedom we rightly cherish.Cherishing it, we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need.我們珍惜自由式對的。正因為珍惜自由，我們就不能以此為借口，不給最需要自由的人自由.8.Whether they be in Erhiopa, the south Bronx, or even in such an Elysium as Los Angeles, we resolve to keep them off our minds.不管他們生活在埃塞俄比亞，還是在紐約的南部布朗克斯區，甚至是洛杉磯這樣的天堂，人們都決心不去為這些人操心.9....he is enjoying, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.如上述所說，他在華盛頓高層當中有無比的威望.10.Compassio , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable, the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time.同情心，加上與之相關的社會努力是人們這個年代，最令人不快的行為何行動方針.Lesson 2 1.It was an idyllic life, and we lived close to our family and to the comforts and safety a small town could afford.這是一種田園式的生活,我們和親戚們住得很近,享受著小鎮生活所能給予我們的舒適和安全.2.But papa was a man of enterprise, he realized that the untouched Ten Thousand Islands off the southwest coast of the sate were rich in soil for crops and in game for food.但父親是一個很有進取心人, 他知道佛羅里達州西南海岸的萬島群島還沒有被開發,那兒土壤肥沃,適于耕種,而且獵物充足,不必擔心食物來源.3.This third day out, and the days to come, found us in the unsettled wilds of Florida.出發的第三天以及以后的日子里,我們都在佛羅里達無人居住的荒野中穿行.4.Its underwater grasses looked like green ribbons, constantly unrolling, and the trees held thick sprays of wild orchids.水下的水草就像綠色的絲帶,不斷地伸展開來,野蘭花一簇簇地掛滿了枝頭.5.The burly arms of oaks were huge with ferns and blooming bromeliads.Redbirds, tanagers and painted buntings flew back and forth across the trail, leaving a child with the impression that the woods were tossing with jewels...喬葉櫟粗壯的枝桿上覆蓋著蕨類植物,附生的鳳梨科植物也在盛開.紅雀,唐納雀和色彩斑斕的鳥沿著小路飛來飛去,讓一個小孩子覺得好像是寶石在樹林中跳動.6.The native whites feared him as you would a rattlesnake, but the Indians and black people were susceptible to his manipulations.本地的白人像懼怕響尾蛇一樣怕他, 而印第安人和黑人則不得不受他的控制和剝削.7.Our new home was more than safe;it was a joy!
我們的新家不僅安全牢固,它還給我們帶來了無盡的樂趣.8.Today I can see in my grandsons and great-grandsons some of those qualities of courage and caring that my father had in such abundance.今天,在我的子孫身上, 我仍然能看到我父親所擁有的無盡的勇氣和愛心.Lesson 3 1.We have been tampering with this powerful force, unaware, like the Sorcerer’s Apprentice, of the potentially disastrous consequences of our actions.我們一直在濫用職權這股強大的力量,就像傳說中魔術師的徒弟一樣,我們并沒有意識到我們的這種行為很可能會導致災難性的后果.2.Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes, and the ozone hole remains an esoteric, polar phenomenon, already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera.即使全球變暖這種災難永不發生, 即使臭氧空洞仍然只是一種深奧的極地現象,人類活動也已極大地改變了全球條件,這些也許是照相機拍不出來的.3.The technosphere, in contrast, is dominated by linear processes.與生態圈相反,技術圈是由線性流程所決定的.4.The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels, stores that, once depleted, will never be renewed.現在技術圈運作的能源主要是礦物燃料,一旦用完,永不再生.5.Nylon...is not biodegradable—that is, there is no enzyme in any know living organism that can break it down.尼龍不能進行生物分解—也就是說,在現存的有機物中還沒有發現有哪種沒酶可以分解尼龍.6....living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances and reactions that are essential to life.…有生命的東西創造了一系列對生命至關重要的有限但獨立的物質和反應.7.A free lunch is really a debt, in the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but unmet cost...免費午餐實際上是一種債務.在技術圈, 債務是指已承認但尚未歸還的欠款….8....when the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere, they are never canceled, damage is unavoidable.… 當債務以技術圈制造的環境污染的形式出現,然后又轉嫁到生態圈時, 這種債務將永遠無法消除.造成破壞是不可避免的.Lesson 4 1.Each of the trees on the place had an attitude and a presence--the elm looked serene and the oak threatening, the maples friendly, the hawthorn old and crabby.這里的每一顆樹都表現出某種神態。比如,榆樹看上去寧靜安詳，橡樹則咄咄逼人，楓樹親切友好，而山楂樹則老氣橫秋，脾氣暴躁。
2.There was a keen alarm when the cry came, a wire zinging through your whole body, a fanatic feeling of devotion.當他喊我的名字時，我會緊張萬分，全身蹭地就像過了電似的，一種狂熱的忠誠感油然而生。3.One morning, of course, the job was all finished, the well capped, the pump reinstated, the fresh water marvelled at.一天早上，工作全部完成，這是意料中的事。井口上了蓋子，水泵重新安裝好了，大家對清澈的井水贊嘆不已。
4.In my kitchen or in hers, once a week or so, distracted by our children and sometimes reeling for lack of sleep, we stoked ourselves on strong coffee and cigarettes and launched out a rampage of talk--about our marriages, our fights, our personal deficiencies, our interesting and discreditable motives, our forgone ambitions.我們大約每周都要在我的廚房或她的廚房聚會一次。孩子們總是不斷打擾我們有時我們還會因為缺覺而感到頭暈目眩，于是我們就用大量的濃咖啡和香煙給自己提神，開始天南海北的聊大天，所談的話題無所不包：我們的婚姻，奮斗，個人的不足，既有趣又有些丟臉的動機，以及我們曾有過的理想抱負。
5.Sunny had given him fresh sheets rather than unmaking and making up again the bed he had left for me.蘇妮給了他干凈的床單，免得在他留給我的床上重新疊被，鋪床。
6.My sleep was shallow, my dreams monotonously lustful, with irritating and unpleasant subplots.我睡得很淺，沒完沒了地做著充滿情欲的夢，中間還穿插著令人不快的小情節。
7.The bushes right at the edge of the grass looked impenetrable, but close up there were little openings, the narrow paths that animals or people looking for golf balls had made.挨著草地邊上的灌木叢看上去似乎無法穿過，但走近了可以看到一些小缺口和窄窄的小徑，這是給動物或者找高爾夫球的人們踩出來的。
8.It looked as if a large portion of the sky had detached itself and was bearing down, bustling and resolute, taking a not quite recognizable but animate shape.看上去，天空的一大部分似乎脫離了主體，喧鬧著、果斷地壓向地面，那形狀雖然說不出具體像什么，但像是一種活物的樣子。
9.This was more of a ritual, a recognition of survival rather than of our bodies' inclinations.我們擁抱并不是出魚身體的渴望，而是慶祝劫后余生的一種表示。
Lesson 5 1.The American experience was unique in a number of ways.美國的經驗在許多方面都是獨特的。
2.The country was blessed by notable advantages—above all, by the the fact that population was scare in relation to available resources.這個國家有著得天獨厚的優勢-主要是人口相對稀少而資源十分豐富。
3.It arose originally from a philosophical rather than an economic commitment...它源于對思想原則的信仰，而不是出于對經濟利益的追求…
4.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man’s talents and release his energies.我們發現民主是使人的才智得到充分施展、人的能量得以充分發揮的最好方式。
5.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man's talents and release his energies...在意識形態體系與經驗主義斗爭的歷史上，意識形態體系曾吸引了人類歷史上一些聰明絕頂的人物….6.In its finest hours, the US has, so to speak, risen above ideology.在她處于最佳時期時.美國可以說超越了所有的意識形態體系。7....hat government was best which governed least...…政府管得越少越好….8.Indeed, the whole ideological enterprise contradicted Jefferson’s temper, which was basically flexible and experimental.說實在的，杰斐遜一生在意識形態體系上所做的努力與他的性格是矛盾的。他的性格特征基本上是靈活的、從經驗出發的。
9.Indeed, I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse...(These words)are sources of heat, not of light.我甚至建議在思想界和學術界討論中摒棄某些用濫了的詞語?！?這些詞語只能是頭腦發熱，而不會給人以智慧的光芒。
10.Free men know many truths, but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth.自由人掌握許多具體的真理，但他們認為沒有一個凡人能夠掌握絕對真理。
Lesson 6 1.He stood his ground, sucking slightly at the residue of oil;a few drops leaked out of his lips while his wicked eyes, shaded by their coy little lashes, turned on me in disgust and hatred.他站在那兒，輕輕地吸吮著剩下的油，有幾滴從嘴唇邊漏了出來。他看著我，害羞得短睫毛下那原本淘氣的眼睛里充滿了厭惡和憎恨。
2.We had been having an unseasonable spell of weather-hot, close days, with the fog shutting in every night, scaling for a few hours in midday, then creeping back again at dark, drifting in first over the trees on the point, then suddenly blowing across the fields, blotting out the world and taking possession of houses, men, and animals.我們正經歷一段非常反常的天氣，悶熱且霧氣沉沉。濃霧每晚籠罩著村莊。中午的幾個小時霧會漸漸散去，但傍晚時又悄悄地潛回，先是覆蓋樹梢，接著一下子飄過田地，擋住了外面的世界，將整個村莊的房屋、人和動物都裹在其中。
3.With very small, timid pigs, weanlings, this ruse is often quite successful and will encourage them
to eat;but with a large, sick pig the ruse is senseless and the sound I made must have made him feel, if anything, more miserable.對于羞澀的、剛斷奶的小豬，這一招常常很有效，能誘使他們吃東西；但對于一頭生病的大豬，這個做法卻絲毫沒有意義，我發出的聲音肯定只會讓他覺得更難受。
4.From the lustiness of a healthy pig a man derives a feeling of personal lustiness;the stuff that goes into the trough and is received with such enthusiasm is an earnest of some later feast of his own, and when this suddenly comes to an end and the food lies stale and untouched, souring in the sun, the pig's imbalance becomes the man's, vicariously, and life seems insecure, displaced, transitory.看到一頭健康的豬精力充沛，人們常常感到自己也是精力充沛?？吹剿峭袒⒀实爻缘羰巢壑械氖澄铮藗兙拖袷穷A訂了今后的大餐。而當這一切突然結束，槽中的食物絲毫未動，任其在陽光下發餿時，豬的不適也就讓人覺得自己也不舒服，生活變得失去了安全感、失去了平衡、變得轉瞬即逝。
5.The pig's lot and mine were inextricably bound now, as though the rubber tube were the silver cord.From then until the time of his death I held the pig steadily in the bowl of my mind;the task of trying to deliver him from his misery became a strong obsession.His suffering soon became the embodiment of all earthly wretchedness.現在這頭豬的命運和我的命運緊緊地聯系在一起，似乎沖洗直腸的橡皮管就是連接我們情感的紐帶。從他生病到死去，我無時無刻不想著他。如何想辦法使他脫離苦海成了我心里想的唯一的事情。他的苦難很快就變成世間所有悲慘經歷的寫照。，6.The awakening had been violent and I minded it all the more because I knew that what could be true of my pig could be true also of the rest of my tidy world.1 tried to put this distasteful idea from me, but it kept recurring.這種醒悟來得太過突然，使我深感不安，因為我知道世事難料，在豬身上發生的事情同樣也有可能在我身邊其他看似平靜之處發生。我想忘記這個令人不快的想法，但他總是不停地出現。
7.all of us working in darkness and in comfort, working with the instinctive teamwork induced by emergency conditions, the pig unprotesting, the house shadowy, protecting, intimate.我們大家憑著緊急情況下產生的本能的合作精神，在黑暗中默契地配合。豬并沒有反抗，屋子籠罩在黑暗中，給人一種安全感和親切感。
8.Everything about this last scene seemed overwritten-the dismal sky, the shabby woods, the imminence of rain, the worm(legendary bedfellow of the dead), the apple(conventional garnish of a pig).關于這最后一畝的描寫顯得有點冗長—陰沉的天空、雜亂的樹叢、即將來臨的降雨，以及傳說中與尸體作伴的蚯蚓和烤豬時常用作點綴的蘋果。
Lesson 7 1.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as beginning—signifying renewal as well as change.我們今天慶祝的不是黨派的勝利, 而是自由的選擇—象征著一個時代的結束和另一個時代的開始—意味著延續與變化。
2.United, there is little we can’t do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided, there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.如果我們團結一致，我們在一系列共同從事的事業中就可以無往而不勝。如果我們四分五裂，我們就會一事無成—因為在意見分歧，四分五裂的情況下，我們不敢迎接強有力的挑戰。3.…one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny.….一種殖民控制形式的消失，不應為另一種更為殘酷的暴政所取代。
4.… and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger and ended up inside.….要記住，在過去，那些愚蠢地想靠與虎謀皮而得勢的最終都為虎所食。
5.…we renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strength its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.…
我們重申我們的支持—不讓其變成一個相互指責的論壇—加強其對新生國家和弱小國家的保護—擴大其主導作用的領域。
6.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.只有當我們的軍力強大無比時，我們才有把握永不使用武力。7.Let us never negotiate out of fear.But let us never fear to negotiate.我們永遠不會由于恐懼而去談判，但我們永不畏懼談判。
8.And if a beached of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion…
如果小小的一點合作能驅散深深的猜疑…
9.In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course.同胞們，我們事業最終的失敗不是掌握在我手中，而是掌握在你們手中。
10.Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.不要問你的國家能為你做什么，要自問你能為你的國家作何貢獻。
Lesson 8 1.When Miss Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral: the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument, the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house, which no one save an old manservant – a combined gardener and cook – had seen in at least ten years.艾米麗·格里爾森小姐過世了，我們全鎮人都去參加她的葬禮。男人們去是出于一種尊敬，因為一座紀念碑倒下了；女人們則大多是出于好奇，想看看她房子里面到底是什么樣的。因為除了一位兼任花匠和廚師的老男仆之外，至少有十年沒人進去看過了。
2.And now Miss Emily had gone to join the representatives of those august names where they lay in the cedar-bemused cemetery among the ranked and anonymous graves of Union and confederate soldiers who fell at the battle of Jefferson.現在艾米麗小姐也加入到那些名門望族代表的行列之中了。他們在令人沉思的雪松的陪伴下長眠于公墓，他們的墓碑周圍埋葬著一排排南北戰爭中在杰斐遜戰場上陣亡的南軍和北軍的
無名戰士。
3.Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition, a duty, and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town.艾米麗小姐在世時，一直是傳統的化身，履行職責和給予關照的對象，這是全鎮人沿襲下來的一種義務。
4.They were admitted by the old Negro into a dim hall from which a stairway mounted into still more shadow.老黑鬼把他們引進光線黯淡的門廳，廳里的樓梯通向更加陰暗的樓上。
5.And when they sat down, a faint dust rose sluggishly about their thighs, spinning with slow motes in the single sunray.當他們坐下時，一股細細的灰塵在他們大腿周圍慢慢揚起，塵粒在孤獨的太陽光束中緩緩地旋轉著。
6.Her skeleton was small and spare;perhaps that was why what would have been merely plumpness in another was obesity in her.她的骨架小而瘦，也許這就是為什么別人穿起來只是顯得豐滿的服裝在她身上卻顯得肥胖。7.So the next night, after midnight, four men crossed Miss Emily’s lawn and slunk about the house like burglars, sniffing along the base of the brickwork and at the cellar openings while one of them performed a regular sowing motion with his hand out of a sack slung from his shoulder.于是，第二天午夜之后，四個男人穿過艾米麗家的草坪，如同竊賊般在她屋子里潛行，沿著房子磚基部分以及地窖的通風處使勁地嗅著。其中一個人不時地將手從背在肩上的麻袋里掏出，做出一個播種的動作。
8.They had not even been represented at the funeral.他們甚至沒有派代表出席葬禮。
9.Miss Emily just stared at him, her head tilted back in order to look him eye for eye, until he looked away and went and got the arsenic and wrapped it up.艾米麗小姐只是盯著她，他的頭向后仰，以便能與他對視，直到他移開視線轉而去取砒霜并打包。
10.Now and then we would see her in one of the downstairs windows – she had evidently shut up the top floor of the house – like the carven torso of an idol in a niche, looking or not looking at us, we could never tell which.有時我們在樓下的一個窗口可以看到她，顯然她已封閉了頂樓，她的身影就像供奉在壁龕里的一尊雕刻成的神像軀體，我們永遠分辨不出她是否在看著我們。
Lesson 9
1.They have put in the window the cardboard sign that has a pound measure printed on each of three edges – 10 lbs., 25 lbs., 50 lbs.– and No Ice on the fourth.他們在窗上掛了一塊硬紙板做的牌子，上面的三邊分別寫著10磅、25磅、50磅，第四邊寫著―不加冰‖。
2.They go to land-grant colleges, normal schools, and learn how to do the white man’s work with refinement: home economics to prepare his food;teacher education to instruct black children in obedience;music to soothe the weary master and entertain his blunted soul.她們就讀于政府撥款的大學以及師范學院。她們學習如何把服務白人丈夫的工作做得更細致：學家政是為了給他們燒菜做飯；當老師是為了教育黑人孩子順從；學音樂是為了撫慰疲憊的主人以及娛樂他那麻木的靈魂。
3A sidelong look will be enough to tell him to smoke on the back porch.一個斜視便足以告訴他抽煙應該到房后的走廊那邊。
4.At her gentlest touch he will preen, stretch, and open his mouth.在她最溫柔的撫摸下，他舔著毛、伸著懶腰、張開嘴巴。
5.Junior considered the playground his own, and the schoolchildren coveted his freedom to sleep late, go home for lunch, and dominate the playground after school.朱尼爾把操場當做是自己的，小學生們都羨慕他有這么多的自由，可以睡懶覺，可以回家吃午飯，放學后還可以統治整個操場。
6.More than anything in the world he wanted to play King of the Mountain and have them push him down the mound of dirt and roll over him.比起這個世界上的任何東西，他最想玩―山丘之王‖的游戲，被他們推下土山坡，讓他們在他身上滾過去。
7.She was deep in admiration of the flowers when Junior said, ―Here!‖ 當朱尼爾說―給你‖的時候，她正深深地欣賞著那些花兒。
8.Pecola’s banging on the door increased his gasping, high-pitched laughter.佩克拉拼命拍門讓他笑得更厲害了。他尖聲笑著，幾乎喘不過氣。
9.But she could not hold it low enough to avoid seeing the snowflakes falling and dying on the pavement.但是就算她把頭垂得再低，也不足以避免看到雪花紛紛飄落到人行道上并立刻消融。
Lesson 10
1.But it is on the middle classes that the eye of the critic rests – just as it rests on the poor in Russia and on the aristocracy in Japan.但是，最吸引評論者關注的是中產階級，正如在俄國人們關注的是窮人，在日本人們關注貴族一樣。
2.How perfectly it expresses their character – far better, for instance, than does the university, into which social and spiritual complexities have already entered.它比例如帶有社會與精神的復雜性的大學更充分的表現了他們的特性。參考資料翻譯：英國公學制度比大學更充分地表現了英國中產階級的特性。社會與精神的復雜性已經進入大學。3.In all these careers his education, or the absence of it, influences him.在上述事業中，他所受的教育，或者說沒有受到的教育，深深地影響著他。
4.They remember with regret that golden time when life, though hard, was not yet complex;when they all worked together and played together and thought together, so far as they thought at all: when they were taught that school is the world in miniature and believed that no one can love his country who does not love his school.他們心懷遺憾地懷念那段金色時光。那時生活雖然艱苦，但還不算復雜。他們同學習、同游戲、同思考，如果說他們思考的話。他們受到的教育告訴他們，學校是個微型世界，他們相信，一個人如果不愛自己的學校，那他就不可能愛自己的國家。
5.They go forth into it with well-developed bodies, fairly developed minds, and undeveloped hearts.他們進入社會時，體魄健全，大腦發育還算可以，但是心的發育則不健全。
6.He could not express his sorrow too much.But in me the Englishman came out strong.他過度地表達出自己的悲傷，但是在我身上則變現出強烈的英國人特性。
7.Shelley, at all events, believes that the wealth of the spirit is endless;that we may express it copiously, passionately, and always;and that we can never feel sorrow or joy to acutely.無論怎樣，雪萊相信精神的財富是無窮無盡的。他相信我們可以大量地、充滿激情地、經常地表達我們的情感；我們永遠都不能覺得悲傷或者歡樂過于劇烈。8.The Frenchmen responded at once;the Englishmen responded in time.法國人立即做出反應，而英國人則需過一段時間才做出反應。
9.It acts promptly and feels slowly.Such a combination is fruitful, and anyone who possesses it has gone a long way toward being brave.它行動迅速，感覺卻遲緩。這二者的結合富有成效，具備這一結合的人多半都很勇敢。10.But she has a merciless eye for questions of conduct, and the classical example of two English people muddling themselves before they embark upon a wrong course of action is to be found in the opening chapters of Sense and Sensibility.但是在觀察行為問題時，她的目光冷酷無情。她的小說《理智與情感》開頭前幾章提供了一個經典的例子——兩個英國人在開始一項錯誤的做法之前是如何先犯糊涂的。
11.From villainies such as these the average Englishman is free.His character, which prevents his rising to certain heights, also prevents him from sinking to these depths.普通的英國人沒有這樣的惡行。他的性格會阻礙他上升到一定的高度，同時也防止他墮落到這樣的深度。
12.The nations must understand one another, and quickly;and without the interposition of their governments, for the shrinkage of the globe is throwing them into one another’s arms.各民族必須互相了解，而且要快，不要政府的插手和干預，因為世界在縮小，正把他們拋向對方的懷中。參考資料翻譯：……，因為世界在縮小，這使得他們不可避免地要進行接觸。
Lesson 11
1.If we trace the universe back to its origins in the Big Bang, we find the multiplicity of things fusing into greater and greater simplicity, until at the moment of creation itself there is only pure undifferentiated energy.如果我們追溯宇宙的起源到原始大爆炸，我們就會發現眾多的事物逐漸合并成越來越簡單的事物，直到創世的那一刻時，就只剩下純粹而無區別的能量了。
2.I also believe this primal energy continues to feed us, directly through the goods of creation, and indirectly through the experience of beauty.我還認為這種原始能源繼續在給我們提供能量，直接地是通過世間萬物，間接地是通過美的感受。
3.I study images of quasars giving birth to galaxies, galaxies whirling in the shapes of pinwheels, supernovas ringed by strands of luminous debris, and all the while I am delving back toward that utter beginning when you and I and my daughter and her new husband and the bright heavenly host were joined in the original burst of light.我研究類星體產生星系的圖像，這些星系如同玩具風車一樣旋轉，超新星被一縷縷發光的星體殘骸所包圍。我不斷地探索宇宙的開端，追溯到你、我、我的女兒、她的新婚丈夫以及天空中閃閃發光的星星匯合成原始大耀光。
4.The stimulus might be the sheen of moonlight on the needles of a white pine, or the iridescent glimmer on a dragonfly’s tail.It might be bird song or Bach sonata or the purl of water over stone.It might be a line of poetry, the savor of bread, the sway of a bough or a bow.The provocation might be as grand as a mountain sunrise or as humble as an icicle’s jeweled tip, yet in each case a familiar surge of gratitude and wonder wells up in me.這一刺激也許來自傾瀉在白松松針上的月光，或是蜻蜓尾部彩虹色的微光。它可能來自小鳥的歌唱、巴赫的奏鳴曲或流水淌過石頭的潺潺聲。它可能來自一行詩、面包的香味、樹枝或琴弓的搖擺。它可能如同高山日出般雄偉壯觀，或如冰柱晶瑩的柱尖般謙卑，但不管是何種起因，每次我內心都會涌起同樣的感激和驚嘆。
5.Do my sensory thrills tell me anything about the world? Does beauty reveal a kinship between my small self and the great cosmos, or does my desire for meaning only fool me into thinking so? 感官的激情是否讓我對世界有所了解呢？是美揭示了小自我與大世界之間的緊密關系還是我對事物內涵的追求讓我愚蠢地這樣認為呢？
6.Mustn’t beauty be shallow if it can be painted on? Mustn’t beauty be a delusion if it can blink off and on like a flickering bulb? 如果美可以被描繪，就一定不會是膚淺的嗎？如果它能夠像閃爍的燈泡般斷斷續續地閃光，就一定不會是一種錯覺嗎？
7.If we take a ride through the suburbs and study the rolling acres of lawn dotted with clumps of trees and occasional ponds, what do we see but a faithful simulation of the African savanna where humans first lived.如果我們坐車穿越郊區，觀察一下占地好幾英畝的起伏的草坪，點綴其間的樹叢及偶爾出現的池塘，我們所看到的不就是人類最早居住的非洲熱帶大草原的忠實翻版嗎？
8.Just so, I believe, the experience of beauty is an echo of the order and power that permeate the universe.因此，我相信對美的感受是彌漫于宇宙中的秩序與能量的共鳴。
Lesson 12
1.As Greek food goes, I was lucky.就希臘菜肴而言，我是幸運的。
2.If you do not drink ouzo as an aperitif in a Greek provincial town, you go without.如果在希臘一個地方城市你不把茴香烈酒當做開胃酒喝的話，你就沒到過那里。參考資料翻譯：……，那你就只好不喝。
3.Where there was once a narrow pass, there is no room for road and rail, and fields that lap round the corner.起初這里只是一條狹窄的通道，現在已經寬到可以通公路和鐵路了，農田一直延伸到山的拐角處。
4.When that assembly of nations heaved itself off the earth and marched, the ground shuddered like the head of a drum.當來自各國的軍隊起步行進時，大地顫抖，聲如擂鼓。
5.It is said that Xerxes leaped from his throne three times in terror for his whole army.據說薛西斯由于擔心軍心不穩，三次從皇帝寶座上跳了起來。
6.At any moment, rumor could have sent those savage levies scrambling away into the mountains.謠言隨時都可能讓這些強征來的野蠻人組成的軍隊爭先跑進山里面。參考資料翻譯：……作鳥獸散，匆忙逃進周圍的高山。
7.Obscurely, and in part, I understood what it had meant to Leonidas when he looked up at these cliffs in the dawn light and saw that their fledging of pines was not thick enough to hide the glitter of arms.朦朧地，我在某種程度上懂得了當利奧尼達斯在拂曉的晨光中抬頭看著那些懸崖峭壁，看到松針不夠茂密得足以將兵器的鋒芒掩蓋之時，對他來說意味著什么。
8.If the rest of Greece beyond the wall did not unite and make its stand, the game was up.如果在墻的那一邊的希臘余部不能聯合起來抵抗，那么一切都完了。
9.It is famous for its reticence and simplicity – has been translated a hundred times but can only be paraphrased.它以其含蓄與簡潔著稱——雖已被譯過上百次，但也只能是意譯而已。
第五篇：現代大學英語精讀4UNIT1翻譯及課后答案
UNIT1
思考作為一種嗜好
當我還是個孩子的時候，我就得出了思考分三種等級的結論。后來思考成了嗜好，我進而得出了一個更加離奇的結論，那就是：我自己根本不會思考。
第一個把思考這個問題帶到我面前的是我文法學校的校長。他的辦公室里有一些小雕像。就在他書桌后面一個高高的櫥柜上面。其中一位女士除了一條浴巾外一絲不掛。她好象被永遠地凍結在對浴巾再往下滑的恐懼中了。而不幸的是她沒有手臂，所以無法把浴巾拉上來。在她的身邊蜷伏著一頭美洲豹，好象隨時都會往下跳到檔案櫥柜最上層的抽屜上去。在豹子的另一邊端坐著一個健碩的裸體男子，他手肘支在膝頭，手握拳托著腮幫子，全然一副痛苦不堪的樣子。
過了一些時候，我對這些雕像有了一些了解。才知道校長把它們放在正對著犯錯的孩子的位置是因為對校長來說這些雕像象征著整個生命。那位裸體的女士是維納絲。她象征著愛。她不是在為浴巾擔心，而是忙著顯示美麗。美洲豹象征著自然，它在那里顯得很自然而已。那位健碩的裸體男子并不痛苦，他是洛丁的思索者，一個純粹思索的象征。
我想我得解釋一下，我是校長辦公室的?？?，為我最近做過或者沒做的事情。用現在的話來說我是不堪教化的。甚至還不如說，我是頑劣不羈，頭腦迷糊的。每次在校長桌前接受處罰，那些雕像在他上方白晃晃地耀眼時，我就會垂下頭，在身后緊扣雙手，兩只鞋不停地蹭來蹭去。
校長看著我然后說，“我們該拿你怎么辦呢？”
哦，他們要拿我怎么辦呢？我盯著舊地毯更狠命地蹂躪我的鞋。
“抬起頭來，孩子！你就不能抬起頭來嗎？”
然后我就會抬起頭來看櫥柜，看著裸體女士被凍結在恐懼中，健碩的男子無限憂郁地凝視著獵豹的后腿。我跟校長沒什么好說的。他的鏡片反光，所以我看不到鏡片后面有什么人性的東西，所以沒有交流的可能。
“你從來都不動腦筋思考的嗎？”
不，我不思考，剛才沒思考，也不會思考——我只是在痛苦地等待接見結束。
“那你最好學一學 —— 你學了嗎？”
有一次，校長跳起身來伸手取下洛丁的杰作重重地放在我面前的桌上。
“一個人真正在思考的時候是這個樣子的。”
顯然我是缺了點什么。大自然賦予其余的所有的人第六感覺卻獨獨漏掉了我。我像那些生來耳聾卻決意苦苦尋求聲音的人一樣觀察著我的老師們，想要了解思想。
那時有位豪頓先生，他總是要我思考。他帶著謙遜的滿足告訴我他自己就動過一點腦筋思索過。那么他為什么花那么多時間酗酒？莫非酗酒其實比外表看起來更有意義？而如果不是這樣，酗酒事實上損害健康 —— 豪格先生無疑被酒毀了的 —— 那他為什么還成天談論純凈的生活以及新鮮空氣的好處？
有時候講到興頭上，他會從講臺上跳下來，把我們一窩蜂地趕到外頭凜冽的風中去。
“現在，孩子們！深呼吸！感覺上帝創造的美好氣流直接進入你們的體內！”
他會站在我們面前，叉著腰，深深地吸一口氣。他會你能聽到風被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障礙物艱難前進發出的聲音。他的身體因為不習慣這樣的感覺而搖搖晃晃，臉色變得慘白。他會步履蹣跚地走回講臺，然后癱軟在那里，一個上午都緩不過勁來。
豪頓先生喜歡發表關于美好的、清心寡欲、盡職盡責生活的獨白。但是在發表這些獨白的間隙，如果有個女孩經過窗前，他的脖子就會不由自主地扭轉過去，一直目送她走出視線之外。在這種情況下，我認為他不是受思想，而是受他后頸里某個看不到卻無法抗拒的發條的控制。
我對于他的脖子十分感興趣。通常它在領口上方稍稍凸出。但是豪頓先生在第一次世界大戰中曾經和美國人和法國人并肩作戰，而且對兩個國家都深惡痛絕。無論這兩個國家中哪一個在時事中表現突出，他都對它沒有好感，任何論證都無法說服他。他會捶著桌子，脖子脹紅：“你愛怎么說怎么說，”他會叫道：“但是我已經想過這個問題了，而且我知道我想什么！”
豪頓先生用他的脖子思考。
我要對我的老師們進行詳細的分析是為了介紹一下通常被稱為思想的本質。通過他們我發現思考通常是充滿了無意識的偏見、無知和虛偽的。在訓誡無私的純真的時候它的脖子卻為了短裙而執意扭曲。從技術上而言，它嫻熟如同商人玩高爾夫，誠實如同政客的意圖，或者有條理如同大多數寫出來的書。這就是后來被我稱作第三等級的思考，雖然事實上稱它為感覺更為恰當。
誠然，偏見里是有無辜的成分，但是在那時我對第三等級的思考的態度是毫不寬容的蔑視和不假思索的嘲笑。我以駁斥一位憎恨德國人卻主張愛我們的敵人的虔誠女士為樂。她讓我懂得了和第三等級思考者打交道的一個重大的真理。因為她，我不再輕易地拒絕百分之九十的人可能經歷過的精神過程。他們高度地團結一致。我們最好尊重他們，因為我們處于他們的包圍之中，勢單力薄。一大堆第三等級的思考者，眾口一詞，借著自己的偏見溫暖雙手，他們是不會感激你指出他們信仰中的矛盾的。人是一種愛群居的動物，就象牛喜歡沿著山坡的同一條道路吃草一樣喜愛共識。
第二個等級的思考是對于矛盾的覺察。二級思考者不輕易人云亦云，盡管常常會犯另一個錯，落在后面。第二等級思考是一種警醒狀態下的退縮，因為第二等級思考具有破壞卻沒有創造的能力。它讓我在冷眼看著人群為國王陛下歡呼的時候覺得這樣的喧囂不知所謂，卻沒有提供什么可以替代這樣強烈愛國精神。但是這樣的思考還是有好處的。聽人們以狐貍喜歡這樣的待遇為理由為他們捕獵狐貍。聽我們的女首相談論通過逮捕尼赫魯和甘地這樣的人跟印度協商的好處，美國政客們可以剛談完和平轉身就拒絕加入國際聯盟的時候，是的，還是有令人高興的時刻的。
但是，當我漸漸長大，進入青春期以后，我不得不承認豪頓先生不是唯一一個無法抗拒脖子里的發條的人。我也一樣感覺到了強大的自然之手的力量，開始發現指出矛盾有可能代價昂貴，也可能是有趣的。比如說，曾經有個嚴肅而迷人的姑娘，她的名字叫露絲。那個時候我是一個無神論者，她是一個衛理會會派教徒。但是，呵呵，露絲沒有用圣靈的精神來轉化我，而是愚蠢地用她可愛的小嘴試圖說服我。她聲稱圣經（詹姆士國王版）逐字逐句都是得到啟示而來的。我反駁說天主教徒信仰圣杰羅姆的拉丁文圣經，而這兩本書是不同的。爭論頓時卡殼了。
最后她說有那么多衛理會會派教徒，他們不可能是錯的，幾百萬的人都錯了，可能嗎？這太簡單了，我倔強地說（你越接近露絲，她就越好接近），羅馬天主教徒也為數眾多，他們也不可能是錯的，他們有幾億人，可能都錯了嗎？她眼中撲閃著疑慮。我伸手攬過她的腰屏住呼吸低聲說，如果算人數，我該捐錢給佛教徒。露絲溜掉了，我的手臂加上那些數不勝數的佛教徒實在讓她無法忍受了。
那天晚上，她父親來拜訪我父親，走的時候一副面紅耳赤，義憤填膺的樣子。我為發生過的事情受到了盤問。我失去了露絲，卻冤枉地擔上了準浪子的名聲。
第二等級思考雖然讓生活充滿了樂趣和興奮，卻無法令人滿足。尋找比我們年長的人的缺陷助長了年輕的自我，卻無法讓人覺得安全。它帶著游泳者離開岸游了一段距離，然后把他留在那里，束手無策。本丟.彼拉多就是典型的第二等級思考者。“什么是真理？”他問道，一種十分常見卻總出現在爭論的末尾而不是開頭的第二等級思考者。還有更高一級的思索問過“什么是真理？”后就開始去尋找它。
但這些第一等級思考者是十分罕見的。他們沒有親自來我的文法學校但卻藏在書籍里。我向往他們是因為我雄心勃勃，因為我現在發現自己的嗜好如果不能更進一步就不能令人滿意。如果你出發去爬山，不論你爬了多高，只要沒到頂就不算成功。
我也可以成為第一等級思考者的。即使在人生最得意的時候我也是心無掛礙、玩世不恭的。政治和宗教系統、社會風俗、忠誠和傳統，都象腐爛的蘋果紛紛從樹上掉落下來。最后我想出了為第一等級思考辯護永遠的理由。我設計了一個連貫的生活體系。這是一個道德體系，完全合乎邏輯的道德體系。當然，我很樂意承認，要世界按我的思考方式轉化將是困難的，因為我的體系廢除了諸如大公司、中央政府、軍隊、婚姻等等之類的瑣事。
又是露絲的問題。我曾有一些很要好的朋友站在我這邊，他們現在仍然站在我這邊。但是我的熟人都不見了，帶著他們的女孩子消失了。姑娘們好象對世界的現狀出奇的滿意。有一個在皇家海軍當下等兵的年輕人，對于不要大公司和婚姻樂意之至，但是一聽我提議要一個沒有戰艦的世界時他的脖子跟豪頓先生一樣脹得通紅。
游戲太過火了？它還是游戲嗎？在戰前的那段日子，為了這個嗜好我固執地失去了很多東西。
現在你一定指望我描述我如何認識到了我自己路線的荒謬回到溫暖的小巢了吧，回到那偏見常常被稱為忠誠，無謂的行為因為重復被神圣化為風俗的小巢里，滿足于把感覺說成思考。
但是，你錯了。我把我的嗜好變成了職業。
More Work on the Text ⅡVocabulary 1.Translate.(P17)1)From English into Chinese．（1）a bath towel ——浴巾
（2）a grammar school——小學
（3）the eternal truth——永恒的真理（4）a filing cabinet——文件柜（5）utter nonsense——純屬沒道理（6）delinquent behavior——違規行為（7）a frequent visitor(to)——?？停?）fresh air——新鮮空氣（9）high-minded monologue——一個人唱高調（10）a settled view——不變的觀點（11）current affairs——時事
（12）a physical impediment——身體障礙（13）a hideous wind——凜冽的風
（14）a hideous sight——令人厭惡的景象（15）a speech impediment——言語障礙
（16）heady patriotism——使人熱血沸騰的愛國熱情（17）the remorseless invaders——無情的入侵者（18）the Prime Minister——首相
（19）the League of Nations——國際聯盟（20）a mental process——思維過程
（21）a coherent article——條理清楚的文章
（22）a coherent system——思路清晰連貫的體系（23）a proficient interpreter——一位口譯好手（24）an irresistible trend——不可阻擋的趨勢（25）rotten apples——爛了的蘋果
（26）literally inspired——文字上受到啟示的（27）a nodding acquaintance——點頭之交
2)From Chinese into English.（1）低頭——to sink one’s head（2）使船沉沒——to sink the ship（3）思考生命的意義——to contemplate the meaning of life（4）讓陽光一下照著——to catch the light（5）毀了一個人的身體——to ruin one’s health（6）毀了國家——to ruin the country（7）猛敲桌子——to bang the desk（8）扮演一個重要的角色——to play a prominent role（9）占有重要的位置——to hold a prominent position（10）一個虔誠的佛教徒——a pious Buddhist（11）獲得一種名聲——to gain a reputation（12）滿足一個人的虛榮心——to satisfy one’s ego（13）疲勞詢問；嚴刑逼供——to give sb the third degree（14）發明一種教學法——to devise a teaching method（15）在某人手中悄悄塞一支槍——to slide a gun into sb’s hand
4.Translate.(P18)1)我知道,不管發生什么,我都可以指望我的兄弟會支持我。
I knew I could expect my brother to stand by me whatever happened.2)一般情況下,年輕人總是對現在和將來更有興趣。As a general rule, young people tend to be more interested in the present and the future.3)如果他們雙方不妥協,就都會遭損。Both sides will stand to lose if they do not compromise.4)我們希望使我們的全部課程和教材都成為一個統一的整體。
It is our hope to make all the courses and teaching materials integrated.5)中國的書面文字一直是國家完整統一的一個重要因素。
The Chinese written language has been a major factor for integrating our nation.6)在中國的傳統藝術中,竹子往往代表道德上的正直、剛正不阿。In traditional Chinese art, the bamboo often stands for moral integrity and uprightness.7)絕大多數人都贊成深化改革。
The great majority of the people stand for further reform.8)伊麗莎白一世女王統治英國45年。在她統治期間,國家十分繁榮昌盛。Queen Elizabeth the First ruled England for 45 years, and the country prospered under her rule.9)真理一開始總是掌握在少數人手里。這是一般的規律。
The truth is always in the hands of a small minority at first.That's the rule.10)民主意味著由多數人來治理,但是少數人反對的權利仍然得到尊重。這兩條基本規則同等重要。
Democracy means that the majority rules , but the minority’s right to disagree is also respected.These two basic rules are of equal importance.11)一個國家不可能強大,除非她不但地理上是一個整體,而且經濟上,政治上和文化上都是一個很好的整體。
A nation cannot be strong unless it is well-integrated economically, politically and culturally as well as geographically.12)那次晚會很乏味,所以她悄悄溜出房間回家了。
The party was boring, so she slipped out of the room and went home.13)路很泥濘,他一滑掉進了河里。
The road was muddy.He slipped and fell into the river.14)有一天,我因為破產正在一家飯館力借酒澆愁,他突然過來把一疊鈔票悄悄塞進我手里。
One day I was drowning my sorrows in a restaurant because I was broke when he came and slipped a roll of money into my hand.15)佛羅里達州的法院裁決,票數需要重新統計。
The Court of Florida ruled that it was necessary to recount the votes.16)認為太陽繞著地球轉的觀點統治了古代學術界達一千多年。
The idea that the sun moves round the earth ruled ancient scholars for more than a thousand years.17)這些胡同是構成老北京的完整的一部分。
These hutongs are an integral part of old Beijing.18)日子一天天過去,可是我仍然沒有多少進步。Days slipped by and I still had not made much progress.19)他怕犯錯,每個字都仔細推敲。
He weighed every word carefully lest he should make a mistake.20)她的身體糟糕到了冬天都不敢見太陽,免得中暑。
Her health was such that she wound not go out in the sun even in winter lest she get sun-stroke.
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