第一篇：口筆譯分類詞匯大全(上)!!社會,經貿,政治,環境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,體育,諺語 。。?！?/a>

第二篇：口筆譯分類詞匯(上)!!社會,經貿,政治,環境,金融,文化,宗教,科技,體育,諺語

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（01）--社會發展詞匯

211工程 211 Project 安居工程 housing project for low-income families 安居小區 a neighborhood for low-income families 保障婦女就業權利to guarantee women’s right to employment

補發拖欠的離退休人員統籌項目內的養老金 All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan.裁定保險賠償 adjudication of benefits 城鎮居民最低生活保障 guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents 在城鎮強制推行以養老、失業、醫療為重點的社會保險 Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas.城鎮社會保障體系the social security system in urban areas 城鎮職工基本醫療保險制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 創新精神 be innovation-minded;to have a creative mind 促進學生德、智、體、美全面發展 ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭 extended family 大力推行個人助學信貸 Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted.大專文憑 associate degree(conferred to junior college students)代培 training-on-contract program 代培生 trainee on contract 帶薪分流 assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待業人員 job seekers 待遇優厚的工作 a well-paid job 單親家庭 single parent family 定向培訓 training for specific posts 獨生子女 the only child 對保障方案進行精算評估 Security programs should undergo actuarial review.對口扶貧 provide poverty alleviation aid to the designated sister regions 惡性犯罪 major crimes 反對迷信 be against superstition 福利分房 buy a benefit-oriented apartment from the organization one works with 復式住宅 compound apartment 干部年輕化 rejuvenation of cadres 崗位培訓 on-job training 高度重視精神文明建設 pay close attention to cultural and ethical progress 搞好優生優育 promote good prenatal and postnatal care 個人自愿計劃 voluntary private plans 工傷保險制度the on-job injury insurance system 工資收入分配制度the wage and income distribution system 關系國計民生的大事 matters vital to national well-being and the people’s livelihood

關心和支持殘疾人事業 Programs to help the physically and mentally challenged deserve our care and support.關心老齡人 care for senior citizens.貴族學校 exclusive school（美）;select school（英）

國企下崗職工基本生活保障 guarantee of basic cost of living allowances for workers laid off from state-owned enterprises 過緊日子 tighten one’s belt

過溫飽生活 live a life at a subsistent level 合理調整就業結構to rationally readjust the employment structure 后勤服務社會化 make logistic services independent in their operation 積極發展民辦教育 Efforts should be made to develop schools not operated by government education departments.基本養老金basic pensions 計劃生育責任制 responsibility system of family planning 繼續開展―掃黃打非‖斗爭 The fight against pornography, illegal publications and piracy shall be continued.加快住房分配貨幣化進程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocation 加強計劃生育工作 further improve family planning 加強輿論監督 ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion 家庭美德 family virtues 堅持―兩手抓、兩手都要硬‖的方針 adhere to the principle of ―doing two jobs at once and attaching equal importance to each‖

堅持正確的輿論導向 maintain the correct orientation for public opinion 建立集體合同制度to establish a group contract system 建立市場導向的就業機制to establish a market-oriented employment mechanism 建立新型的勞動關系to establish a new type of labor relations 建設廉潔、勤政、務實、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建設一個富強、民主、文明的國家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 教育程度 educational status;education received 教育程度比率 educational attainment ratio 戒毒所 drug rehabilitation center 精算界 actuarial profession 精算師 actuaries 擴大就業和再就業to expand employment and reemployment 勞動保障監察制度the labor security supervision system 勞動標準體系labor standard system 勞動爭議處理體制the system of handling labor disputes 面臨困境 face adverse conditions 努力穩定低生育水平work to stabilize the low birth rate 培養創新精神和實踐能力 help them develop practical abilities and a spirit of innovation 破案率 rate of solved criminal cases 強制性普及方案 universally compulsory program 切實減輕中小學生過重的課業負擔 effectively reduce too heavy homework assignments for primary and secondary school students 確保國有企業下崗職工基本生活費和離退休人員基本養老金按時足額發放to ensure that subsistence allowances for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and basic pensions for retirees are paid on time and in full 人口出生率 birth rate 人口老齡化 aging of population 人口增長的高峰期 baby boom 人口增長與社會經濟發展相協調 try to keep population growth in line with social and economic development 人民生活水平quality of life;the living standards 認真貫徹實施中國婦女、兒童發展綱要 The programs for the development of work concerning women and children should be earnestly implemented.弱勢群體disadvantaged groups 掃除青壯年文盲 eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people 傷殘保險 disability insurance 社會保障 social security 社會保障―三條保障線‖制度 social security system of ―three guarantees‖ 社會福利制度the social welfare system 社會公德 social morality 社會互助制度the social mutual help system 社會治安狀況好轉 see an improved law-and-order situation 深入扎實地開展群眾性精神文明創建活動 Extensive public participation activities are launched to promote cultural and ethical progress.生活待遇 material amenities 生活費收入 income available for cost of living 生活費用 cost of living;income maintenance;subsistence cost 生育保險制度the childbirth insurance system 失學兒童 dropouts 失業保險 guarantee of unemployment insurance benefits 失業保險 unemployment insurance 失業保險制度the unemployment insurance system 失業率 rate of unemployment 實施積極促進就業的政策to implement the policy of vigorously increasing employment 實現基本普及九年義務教育 The goal in the effort to make nine-year compulsory education basically universal has been attained.實現小康目標 attain the goal of ensuring our people a relatively comfortable life 實行彈性大、靈活性強、多樣化的就業形式to adopt elastic, flexible, diversified forms of employment 實行計劃生育、控制人口數量、提高人口素質 promote family planning and control the population size and improve the health of the people 實行勞動合同制度to institute a labor contract system 樹立正確的價值觀、世界觀、人生觀 help foster in the young the morally sound values and outlook on the world and life 思想道德建設（思想政治工作）moral education among people 提高部分優撫對象撫恤標準 Allowances for certain disabled service men and women and family members of revolutionary martyrs and service men and women have been increased.提高勞動者素質to enhance workers’ quality

統籌兼顧城鄉就業to make overall plans for urban and rural system 推動就業服務向社區延伸，形成多層次的就業服務網絡to encourage the formation of community-run agencies as a part of the multi-level employment service network 推進素質教育 push ahead with education for all-around development 推行職業資格證書制度to introduce a vocational qualification credentials system 退休基金 pension fund 脫貧 lift off poverty;cast off poverty 完善和落實再就業優惠政策to improve and implement preferential reemployment 完善失業保險制度to improve the unemployment insurance system 文明城市 model city;culturally advanced city;city cited for high moral and cultural standards 物業管理 estate management, property management 消費價格總水平the general price level 小家庭 nuclear family 小康生活 enjoy a fairly comfortable life;be moderately better off 新生兒死亡率 infant mortality rate;neonatal mortality rate 行行出狀元 Every profession produces its own leading authority.研究生畢業證/學位證 graduate diploma/graduate degree's diploma 養老保險 retirement insurance 養老保險制度the old-age insurance system 醫療保險 medical insurance 醫療保險制度the medical insurance system 應試教育 examination-oriented education system 優撫安置制度the special care and placement system 優化就業結構to optimize employment structure 有公德心 be civic-minded 輿論導向 direction of public opinion 輿論監督 supervision by public opinion 預期壽命 life expectancy 災害救助制度the natural disaster relief system 在職博士生 on-job doctorate 招生就業指導 enrolment and vocation guidance 爭取實現高等教育大眾化 work to make regular higher education accessible to the majority of young people 政府主導計劃 government-sponsored programs 職業道德 ethics of profession 中華人民共和國勞動法the Labor Law of the People’s Republic of China 中專生 secondary specialized or technical school student 重視發展具有比較優勢和市場潛力的勞動密集型企業to stress the development of labor-intensive enterprises with comparative advantages and market potential 抓好農村和流動人口計劃生育管理與服務 devote efforts to the management of family planning and related services in rural areas and among the floating population 自然增長率 natural growth rate 自學成才 self-taught and self-made person;become a qualified professional through self-taught way 最低生活保障制度the minimum living standard security system

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（02）--外經貿類詞匯

澳新緊密經濟關系協定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement 擺脫亞洲金融危機的影響shake off the impact of the financial crisis 幫助人才脫穎而出help excellent talents find way to distinction 備件spare parts 部長級會議ministerial meeting 采取積極財政政策 proactive fiscal policy 出口創匯型/外向型產業export-oriented industry 垂直兼并vertical merger 倒爺profiteer 抵免offset 東盟自由貿易區AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area 東南亞國家聯盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations 對外項目承包foreign project contracting 反傾銷措施anti-dumping measures against …… 防偽標志anti-fake label 放松銀根ease monetary policy 非配額產品quota-free products 非生產性投資investment in non-productive projects 風險管理/評估risk management/ assessment 風險基金venture capital 風險準備金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk 崗位培訓on-the-job training 港元的聯系匯率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar 搞活國有大中型企業revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises 工程項目engineering project 工業增加值industrial added value 公正合理equitable and rational 固定資產投資investment in the fixed assets 廣開就業門路increase employment opportunities;create jobs in every possible way;open up more channels of employment 規模經濟scale economy/ economies of scale 國合企業（即國有合作社）state-owned cooperatives 國際清算international settlement 國際收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國際收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment 國家補貼public subsidies 國家鼓勵項目projects listed as encouraged by the state 國家科技創新體系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System 國家現匯結存state foreign exchange reserves 合理引導消費guide rational consumption 橫向兼并horizontal merger 壞帳、呆帳、死帳bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan 貨幣市場money market 機構臃腫overstaffing in(government)organizations

機構重疊organizational overlapping 技工貿結合的科技型企業scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and echnological developmentwith industrial and trade development 季節性調價seasonal price adjustments 既成事實established/accomplished facts 減免債務reduce and cancel debts 建材 building materials 進口環節稅import linkage tax 經常項目current account 經常性的財政收入regular revenues 竟價投標competitive bidding 就業前培訓pre-job training 控股公司holding company 垃圾融資junk financing 勞動密集性企業labor-intensive enterprises 勞務合作 labor service cooperation 累計實現順差143.4美元 accumulatively realizing trade surplus 利改稅substitution of tax payment for profit delivery 流動人口floating population 龍頭產品lagship product 亂集資、亂攤派、亂收費unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises 慢性蕭條chronic depression 農業技術合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation 盤活存量資產revitalize stock assets 配件 accessories 皮包公司flying-by-night company;bogus company平等互利、講求實效、形式多樣、共同發展的方針pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development 瓶頸制約 ―bottleneck‖restrictions

企業的自我約束機制 self-regulating mechanism of enterprises 企業技術改造technological updating of enterprises 企業虧損補貼subsidies to cover enterprise losses 企業所得稅corporate income tax 千年問題、千年蟲millennium bug 搶得先機take the preemptive opportunities 清理、修訂screen and modify 求同存異 overcome differences and seek common ground 商住和公益設施建設 commercial, residential and public utility construction 申報制度reporting system;income declaration system 實行股份制enforce stockholding system 實行國民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts 市場準人的行政管理措施AAMA： Administrative Aspects of Market Access 適銷對路的產品readily marketable products 雙重軌制 two-tier system / double-track system 水利 water conservation 所有制形式forms of ownership 貪圖安逸crave comfort and pleasure 通貨緊縮deflation 通貨膨脹inflation 同步增長increase in the same pace 外援方式modality of foreign aid 無氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator 無紙交易paperless transaction 現代企業制度modern corporate system 消費膨脹inflated consumption 協議投標negotiated bidding 信息化informationize 形成統一、開放和競爭有序的市場establish an unified, open market with orderly competition 亞歐會議ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting 亞太法定計量論壇APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum 亞太工商咨詢理事會ABAC： APEC Business Advisory Council 亞太計量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program 亞太經合組織部長級會AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting 亞太經合組織經濟領導人會議AELM： APEC Economic Leaders Meeting 亞太經濟合作組織APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亞太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center 亞太商業論壇ABF：APEC Business Forum 亞太商業網絡APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network 亞太實驗室認可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation 亞太通訊與數據系統ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System 亞太信息基礎設施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure 亞太中小企業技術交流與培訓中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises 亞洲開發銀行ADB: Asian Development Bank 以試點的形式實行外貿權自動登記制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis 營業稅turnover tax 在鞏固公有制主體地位的同時,促進多種所有制經濟共同發展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership 債轉股debt-to-equity swap 中華人民共和國保護臺灣同胞投資實施條例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C.on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan 中介服務組織intermediary service organization 注入新的生機與活力 bring new vigor and vitality into 轉化經營機制change the method of operation 資本項目capital account 自1999年1月1日起實行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999 自由浮動匯率free floating exchange rate;variable exchange rate 自主經營,自負盈虧responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses 走上良性發展的軌道 going on the track of sound progress shipping service company 船務公司 generic products非商標(非專利)產品 prudent monetary policy穩健的貨幣政策 deficit spending 超前消費 run on banks(到銀行)擠兌

domestic support to agriculture 對農業的國內支持 special bonds特種債券

economy of abundance富裕經濟 Animal-based protein動物源性蛋白

dual purpose exports 軍民兩用品出口

dual-use goods and technology 軍民兩用產品和技術 NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由貿易區 global quota全球配額

grandfather clause祖父條款

Animal-derived food 動物源食品 EVSL(Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部門提前自愿自由化

TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿易和投資自由化和便利化 常見縮略：

C&F(cost&freight)成本加運費價 T/T(telegraphic transfer)電匯

D/P(document against payment)付款交單 D/A(document against acceptance)承兌交單 C.O(certificate of origin)一般原產地證 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制 CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)紙箱 PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、個、支等 DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元

DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打

PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等 WT(weight)重量 G.W.(gross weight)毛重 N.W.(net weight)凈重

(customs declaration)報關單 EA(each)每個，各 W(with)具有 w/o(without)沒有 FAC(facsimile)傳真 IMP(import)進口 EXP（export）出口

MAX(maximum)最大的、最大限度的 MIN(minimum)最小的，最低限度 M 或MED(medium)中等，中級的 M/V（merchant vessel）商船 S.S(steamship)船運

MT或M/T(metric ton)公噸 DOC(document)文件、單據 INT（international）國際的

P/L(packing list)裝箱單、明細表 INV(invoice)發票

PCT(percent)百分比

REF（reference）參考、查價 EMS（express mail special）特快傳遞 STL.(style)式樣、款式、類型 T或LTX或TX(telex)電傳 RMB（renminbi）人民幣 S/M（shipping marks）裝船標記 PR或PRC(price)價格

PUR(purchase)購買、購貨

S/C（sales contract）銷售確認書 L/C（letter of credit）信用證 B/L（bill of lading）提單 FOB（free on board）離岸價

CIF（cost,insurance&freight）成本、保險加運費價 GMO(genetically modified organism)轉基因組織 CAGA(compound annual growth average)年復合增長率

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（03）--改革開放詞匯

保險業 The insurance industry 保證重點支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business 補發拖欠的養老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良貸款 Non—performing loan 層層轉包和違法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 產值 output value 城鄉信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城鎮居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城鎮職工醫療保險制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽樣調查 data from the sample survey 出口信貸 Export credit 初步建立社會主義計劃商品經濟新體制。to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.貸款質量 Loan quality 貸款質量五級分類辦法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二產業 secondary industry 第三產業 tertiary industry 第一產業 primary industry 獨資企業 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise 發電量 electric energy production 發揮市場的調節作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market 發展過快 excessive growth 防范和化解金融風險 Take precautions against and reduce financial risks 防洪工程 Flood-prevention project 非法外匯交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction 非公有成分 non-public sectors 非貿易收匯 Foreign exchange earnings through non trade channels 非銀行金融機構 Non-bank financial institutions 費改稅 Transform administrative fees into taxes 分配形式 forms of distribution 風險資金 risk funds 副業 sideline production 改革是“社會主義制度的自我完善和自我發展”。Reform is “the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system.” 改革重點轉移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities 改善經濟環境 improve economic environment 搞活企業 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate enterprises 各盡所能，按勞/需分配。from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.跟蹤審計 Follow-up auditing 工程監理制度 The monitoring system for projects 公有制 public ownership 鼓勵 give incentive to 管理不善 poor management 國際收支 international balance of payments 國家保障國有經濟的鞏固和發展。The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.國家的根本任務是，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.國民生產總值 GNP(Gross National Product)國內生產總值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product)國有經濟，即社會主義全民所有制經濟，是國民經濟中的主導力量。The state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people;it is the leading force in the national economy.國有資產安全 The safety of state-owned assets 過度開墾 Excess reclamation 合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects 合資企業 joint venture 合作企業 cooperative enterprise 和平演變 peaceful evolution 宏觀控制 exercise macro-control 機電產品 Electromechanical products 積極的財政政策 Pro-active fiscal policy 基本生活費 Basic allowances 基石 cornerstone 計劃經濟和市場調節相結合的機制 a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation 家庭聯產責任承包制 family-contract responsibility system 結售匯制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales 解除勞動關系 Sever labor relations

解放生產力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces 金融監管責任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision 經濟安全 Economic security 經濟和法律的杠桿 economic and legal leverages 經濟計劃和市場調節相結合 to combine economic planning with market regulation 經濟結構改革。reform in economic structure 經營機制 operative mechanism 精華、精粹、實質 quintessence 舉措 move 靠擴大財政赤字搞建設 To increase the deficit to spend more on development 扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)擴大國內需求 The expansion of domestic demand 拉動經濟增長 Fuel economic growth 厲行節約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste 糧食倉庫 Grain depot 糧食收儲企業 Grain Collection and storage enterprise 糧食收購資金實行封閉運行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds 糧食銷售市場 Grain sales market 劣質工程 Shoddy engineering 林業 forestry 零售 retail 流通制度 circulation system 亂收費、亂攤派、亂罰款 Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 農業 farming 騙匯、逃匯、套匯 Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 取消國家對農產品的統購統銷 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products 全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people 全體會議 plenary session 人均國民生產總值 per capita GNP 人均收入 per capita income 融資渠道 Financing channels 善于接受的 receptive 商品經濟 commodity economy 商業信貸原則 The principles for commercial credit 社會保險機構 Social security institution 社會主義的最終目標是解放生產力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達到共同富裕。The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership 社會主義經濟制度的基礎是生產資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動群眾集體所有制。The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.生產關系 relations of production 生產力 productive forces 生產資料 means of production 生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence 剩余勞動力。surplus labor 失業保險金 Unemployment insurance benefits 實際增長率 actual growth rate 實事求是 seek truth from facts 實在的 tangible 使負擔 be saddled with 試一下 have a go(at sth.)輸入活力 bring vigor into 私有制 private ownership 隨著改革的深化，國家指令性計劃的范圍將會縮小，而市場調節的范圍將會擴大。As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.偷稅、騙稅、逃稅、抗稅 Tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes 投入 input 外匯收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending 外資企業 foreign-funded enterprise 我們辨別的標準是看這樣做是否有利于發展社會主義的生產力，是否有利于增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。The criterion for our judgment is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.畜牧業 animal husbandry 要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the “Left” deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted “Left” influence.一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic points 以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則（1）社會主義道路（2）黨的領導（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅持改革開放 the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principlesand persisting in reform and opening.引進、輸入 importation 引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley 營業發達的公司 going concerns 優化經濟結構 optimize the economic structure 有色金屬 nonferrous metals 有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation 漁業 fishing 增額、增值、增長 increment 整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order 中國要警惕右，但更要防“左”。China needs to be vigilant against the Right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the “Left” deviation.逐步實現工業、農業、國防和科學技術的現代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defense and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.主要成分 dominant sector 資本主義和社會主義并不是以計劃經濟和市場的多少來劃分的。Socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.總工資 total wages

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（04）--政治政府詞匯

按保護價敞開收購糧食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把處理事與處理人結合起來integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的資金用在―刀刃上‖ use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持經濟適度快速增長maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保監會the China Insurance Regulatory Commission 保證國家的長治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保證社會公共需要guarantee social needs

保證這些項目如期建成并發揮效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼機制、欲罷不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收費項目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不會導致貨幣過量發行without causing overissue of currency 不進則退 no progress simply means regression 不良貸款 non-performing loans 不能搞赤字預算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再經商no longer engage in trade 財政償還能力our ability to service debt 財政的承受能力financial capacity 財政監督條例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 財政日子將更加難過We will be in financial straits.財政收入占國內生產總值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 財政收支基本平衡的原則a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 財政資金申請、立項、撥付、使用效果等各個環節的監督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆遷補償費compensation for demolition 產權劃轉和產權變動the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 產銷銜接狀況the ratio of sales to production 產業升級upgrade industries 長江流域的生態掩體an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 長江三峽和黃河小浪底水利樞紐工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 長期國債long-term government bonds 常務委員Standing Committee member 車輛購置稅暫行條例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases 成長型企業市場（指二板市場）growing enterprise market(GEM)城鄉電網改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids 城鎮登記失業率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns 城鎮社會保障體系 urban social security system 城鎮職工醫療保險制度改革medical insurance for urban workers 城鎮住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system 出口經營權由審批制向登記備案制過渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export 出口配額export quotas 傳統產業conventional industries 創新體系an innovation system 垂直管理vertical management 從源頭上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems 促進公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth 村村通廣播電視工程project ―extend radio and TV coverage to every village‖ 存款準備金reserves against deposit 大部分科技力量游離于企業和市場之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market 大力推進糧食流通體制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system 大面積多光區光纖光譜天文望遠鏡a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 貸款質量5級分類辦法five-category assets classification for bank loans 鄧小平理論 Deng Xiaoping Theory 低水平重復建設low-level redundant development 滴灌、噴灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation 抵抗全球經濟衰退 to combat the global economic slump 地方性中小金融機構存款保險制度a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions

電視會議televised meeting 調控宏觀經濟運行regulate operation of the macroeconomy 調整出口退稅adjustments in the level of export tax rebates 調整投資結構和經濟結構the restructuring of investment and the economy 堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes

對卷煙全面推行核定計稅價格征收消費稅辦法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation 對人民高度負責的態度maintain a high sense of responsibility 對中西部地區適當傾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country 奪取了抗洪搶險的偉大勝利achieve great victory in the fight against floods 發揮出最大的效益produce the best possible results 發揮最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment 反對鋪張浪費combat extravagance and waste 防范和化解金融風險guard against and defuse financial risks 防范金融風險能力ability to guard against financial risks 防止―重點支出重點浪費‖ prevent ―more waste in more expenditures‖ 非辦不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished 非國有工業企業non-state industrial enterprises 非銀行金融機構non-bank financial institutions 費改稅改革 tax-for-fees reform 分配貨幣化distribution of money 分稅制度財政體制the revenue-sharing system 風險防范機制a risk prevention mechanism 服從全局、服務全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country 復雜多變的國內經濟環境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad 改革價格形成機制reform the price formation mechanism 干堤的修復加固任務the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes

干法旋窯水泥dry-process rotary kilns

敢抓敢管、不講情面 have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think 高等教育―211工程‖ the ―211‖ Project for higher education

高技術產業發展規劃 plans for the development of high-tech industries 高技術產業化 apply high technology to production 高技術產業化示范工程 high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability

高舉鄧小平理論偉大旗幟，全面貫徹'三個代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents' 高清晰度電視功能樣機 functional prototype of high definition TV 個人所得稅法 the Law on Personal Income Tax 個體經濟、私營經濟 self-employed and private businesses 各地區經濟發展的客觀需要 the needs of the economic development of different regions 各級各類教育 all forms of education at all levels

各種―小金庫‖屢禁不止 failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly 各種偷稅、騙稅和逃稅行為 all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud 工程監理制 project supervision system 工程質量事故 accidents resulting from poor quality of projects 工業增加值 industrial added value 公開市場操作 open-market operations 共建、調整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 購買力 purchasing power 鼓勵兼并 encourage mergers 關心群眾疾苦 help alleviate their hardships 規范管理 standardized administration 規范化的財政管理 standardized financial management 規范破產 standardize bankruptcy procedures 規范稅制 standardize the tax system 國際公認 internationally recognized 國際通行的吸引外資方式 internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 國家財政包攬過多 The state finance takes on too much financial burden.國家發展計劃委員會the State Development Planning Commission 國家確定的重點領域投資 investment in the key areas designated by the state 國家稅源的大量流失 great loss of state revenue 國家重點科研項目 national key scientific research projects 國庫券 treasury bonds 國民經濟各方面 all sectors of the national economy 國民生產總值 gross national product(GNP)國內短缺原材料和資源性產品 raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China 國有獨資商業銀行 wholly state-funded commercial bank 國有企業改革reform of state-owned enterprises 國有企業和集體企業資本金統計報告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises 國有企業重組 regroup SOEs 國有商業銀行一級法人管理 management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons 國有資產管理、監督和營運機制 management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 國有資源有償使用 paid use of state-owned resources 國債資金 the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds 過剩的生產能力 excessive production capacity 海峽兩岸關系 cross-Strait relations 合同管理制 contract management system 黑市交易 black market transaction in foreign exchanges 很多上海企業涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金熱。Many enterprises of Shanghai go on a 'gold-rush' spree in the western parts of China.宏觀調控目標 macro-control targets 宏觀經濟預期目標 macroeconomic targets 會計法 the Accounting Law 會計信息質量抽查公告制度 the system for publicizing the results of random inspections for the quality of accounting information 積極的財政政策 a proactive fiscal policy 基本養老保險省級統籌 unified basic old-age insurance at the provincial level 基層監督grass-roots supervision 基礎設施建設 construction of infrastructural facilities 緝私 suppress smuggling 稽察特派員 special inspectors 及時、足額發放 timely and full funding of pension 急需安排的重點支出 urgently needed expenditures for key construction projects 擠占、挪用財政投資 misappropriation or diversion of financial investment 技術密集型產業 technology-intensive industries 加大處罰力度 severely punish those who violate the law and discipline 加大宏觀調控力度 tighten macro-control 加大轉移支付力度 increase transfer payments 加工貿易 trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials 加快經濟結構調整 accelerate economic restructuring 加強軍隊和政權建設 strengthen army building and the organs of political power 加強征管、堵塞漏洞、懲治腐敗、清繳欠稅‖的方針the principle of ―tightening collection and management, plugging up loopholes, punishing corruption and clearing up overdue taxes‖ 價格法 the Price Law 價格歧視 price discrimination 堅持解放思想、實事求是的思想路線，弘揚與時俱進的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.堅定信心 proceed with confidence 堅決不搞重復建設 prohibit redundant projects 堅決杜絕劣質工程 prohibit inferior projects 艱苦奮斗、勤儉建國 hard work, plain living and building up the country through thrift 減輕企業負擔 lighten the burden on enterprises 減人增效 increase efficiency by downsizing payrolls 減少福利型、供給型、實物型分配reduce distribution in the form of welfare, supply and kind 減員增效 downsize staffs and improve efficiency 剪彩儀式ribbon-cutting ceremonies 建立公共財政的基本框架 establish the basic framework for a system of public finance 建設文明幸福家庭 the development of civilized and happy families 健全項目法人責任制 the system of holding the legal person responsible for projects 講排場、擺闊氣、比享受 ostentatious behavior and pleasure-seeking 降低銀行存貸款利率 lower bank interest rates for savings deposits and loans, 節能、節水、節地和低污染新型材料new building materials that help to save energy, water and land resources and cause less environmental pollution 金融體制改革 reform of the financial system 金融資產管理公司 financial asset management companies 進出口商品結構 pattern of imports and exports 經濟不發達地區 economically underdeveloped areas 經濟發展后勁 future economic growth 經濟房 low-cost housing 經營收費 operating charges 精打細算 meticulous plan all expenditures 精心設計 meticulous design 九屆全國人大四次會議the Fourth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress 九屆全國政協常委遞補委員 by-elect members to the Standing Committee of the Ninth CPPCC National Committee 就業問題 the problem of employment 具有稅收性質的政府性基金或專項性收費 government funds and special charges of a tax nature 絕不能花錢大手大腳 absolutely cannot spend money lavishly 軍隊、武警部隊、政法機關與企業脫鉤the army, armed police and procuratorial, judicial and public security organs have severed their ties with enterprises 開拓城鄉市場 develop urban and rural markets 開拓農村消費市場 develop consumer markets in rural areas 抗洪救災 fight floods and provide disaster relief 科技成果轉化 the commercialization of research findings

科技發展基金 a science and technology development fund 科教興國戰略 the strategy of invigorating China through the development of science and education 科學技術進步 scientific and technological progress 科學論證 scientific verification 科學有效的收入組織機制 a scientific and effective mechanism for collecting revenue 可持續發展戰略 the strategy of sustainable development 可支配收入 disposable income 肯定成績 affirm our achievements 控制在國民經濟可以承受的范圍之內 keep within the limits of the national economic strength 跨省區分行trans-provincial or trans-regional branches 虧損企業 loss-generating enterprises 擴大內需，刺激消費 expand/ increase domestic demand and stimulate consumption 擴大住房貸款，助學貸款和大件消費品貸款expand housing loans, student loans and major commodity loans 拉動經濟增長stimulate economic growth 來之不易hard-won achievements 浪費資源 resource-wasting 勞動力市場 the labor market 勞動者素質的提高 improve the quality of laborers 老工業基地 old industrial bases 離退休人員基本養老金 basic pensions for retirees 離退休人員養老金 pensions to retired employees 理順稅、費、價三者關系 straighten out the relationships among taxes, charges and prices 厲行節約 practice economy 糧食流通體制改革 reform of the grain distribution system 糧食市場的宏觀調控能力 the state’s capacity for macro-control of the grain market 糧食政策性補貼 policy-related grain subsidies 兩大歷史性課題（提高黨的執政能力和領導水平、提高拒腐防變和抵御風險能力）the two major historic subjects of enhancing the abilities of administration and art of leadership and resisting corruption, guarding against degeneration and warding off risks.林區 forested areas 零基預算制度 a zero-base budgeting system 漏征漏管戶 tax dodgers 面對嚴峻挑戰 meet the serious challenge 民族地區 regions inhabited by ethnic groups 名優產品 famous brand high-quality products 牟取暴利price hikes for exorbitant profits 國家預算annual State budge 農村電網改造projects to upgrade rural power grids 農村剩余勞動力 surplus rural workers 起草社會治安法drafting a social security law 全國人大常務委員會 the NPC Standing Committee 全國人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress 全國人民代表大會(簡稱 全國人大)National People's Congress(NPC)全國人民代表大會常務委員會 the NPC Standing Committee 全國人民代表大會常務委員會辦公廳the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee 全國人民代表大會主席團 the NPC Presidium 全國政協委員 member of the national committee of CPPCC 全面推進黨的建設的新的偉大工程forge ahead with the new great project of Party building 全體會議plenary meeting 權貴資本主義'(又譯裙帶資本主義或親朋好友資本主義)crony capitalism 人均國內生產總值per-capita gross domestic product(GDP)弱勢群體 disadvantaged groups(對弱勢群體給予特殊的就業援助。--Special employment assistance should be given to members of disadvantaged groups.)三個代表 three represents theory(the Party must always represent the requirements of the development of China's advanced productive forces, the orientation of the development of China's advanced culture, and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people in China.)三講教育：講學習，講政治，講正氣three emphases education(to stress theoretical study, political awareness and good conduct)三峽工程Three-Gorges Project 三峽移民Migrants from Three Gorges area 生計問題 bread-and butter issue 生態建筑 ecological construction 使大多數虧損企業扭虧為盈 bring the majority of money-losing firms into the black 試點項目 pilot project 特困行業和企業industries and enterprises in dire straits 退耕還林、還草工程Grain for Green Project 網絡公司 a web-based economy 西部大開發the strategy of developing the western region 西電東送 transmission of electricity from the western to the eastern region 下崗工人基本生活津貼the basic living allowance for laid-off workers 下崗職工基本生活費subsistence allowances for laid-off workers 現代遠程教育modern distance education 憲法修正案 amendments to the Constitution 鄉鎮企業 township enterprises 小組討論 panel discussions/group discussions 新聞發布會 press conference 醫保制度改革Reform of medical insurance system 醫療改革 health care reform 隱形就業 hidden employment 有中國特色的社會主義民主政治socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics 與時俱進 advance with the times 再就業下崗人員re-employment of laid-off workers 增收節支increase revenue and cut government expenditure 債轉股 debt-to-equity swap 政府工作報告government's work report 政府機構改革Reform of government institutions 制定反貪法規anti-corruption legislation 中共中央委員會CPC Central Committee 中國共產黨第十六次全國代表大會 16th National Congress of Communist Party of China(16th NCCPC)中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會（簡稱 全國政協）National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference(CPPCC)中國人民政治協商會議全國委員會常務委員會 Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC 中國政協委員 member of the National Committee of CPPCC 中央紀律檢查委員會Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 重慶（直轄）市 China's Chongqing Municipality 諸國議會同盟Inter-Parliamentary Union(IPU)資源豐富的內陸地區（指中國西部）the resource-rich hinterland 綜合國力 overall national streng Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation

1、外交部 Ministry of Foreign Affairs

2、國防部 Ministry of National Defence

3、國家發展計劃委員會 State Development Planning Commission

4、國家經濟計劃委員會 State Economy and Trade Commission

5、教育部 Ministry of Education

全國高考 the National College Entrance Examination

6、科學技術部 Ministry of Science and Technology

7、國防科學技術工業委員會 Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

8、國家民族事務委員會 State Ethnic Affairs Commission

9、公安部 Ministry of Public Security

10、國家安全部 Ministry of State Security

11、監察部 Ministry of Supervision

12、民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

13、司法部 Ministry of Justice

14、財政部 Ministry of Finance

15、人事部 Ministry of Personnel

16、勞動和社會保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

17、國土資源部 Ministry of Land and Resources

18、建設部 Ministry of Construction

19、鐵道部 Ministry of Railways

20、交通部 Ministry of Communications

21、信息產業部 Ministry of Information Industry

22、水利部 Ministry of Water Resources

23、農業部 Ministry of Agricultry

24、對外貿易經濟合作部 Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

25、文化部 Ministry of Culture

26、衛生部 Ministry of Health

27、國家計劃生育委員會 State Family Planning Commission

28、中國人民銀行 The People's Bank of China

29、審計署 National Auditing Administration

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（05）--環境保護詞匯

21世紀議程 Agenda 21（the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西里約）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）

世界環境日 World Environment Day(June 5th each year)世界環境日主題 World Environment Day Themes 環境千年—行動起來吧！（2000）The Environment MillenniumOur FutureSave Our Seas!為了地球上的生命（1997）For Life on Earth 我們的地球、居住地、家園（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home 國際生物多樣性日 International Biodiversity Day(29 December)世界水日 World Water Day(22 March)世界氣象日 World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋日 World Oceans Day(8 June)聯合國環境與發展大會（環發大會）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development(UNCED)環發大會首腦會議 Summit Session of UNCED 聯合國環境規劃署 United Nations Environment Programs（UNEP）2000年全球環境展望報告 GEO-2000;Global Environmental Outlook 2000 入選―全球500佳獎‖ be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 聯合國人類居住中心 UN Center for Human Settlements(UNCHS)

改善人類居住環境最佳范例獎 Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement 人與生物圈方案 Man and Biosphere(MAB)Programme(UNESCO)中國21世紀議程 China’s Agenda 21

中國生物多樣性保護行動計劃 China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan 中國跨世紀綠色工程規劃 China Trans-Century Green Project Plan 國家環境保護總局 State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA)中國環?；痉结?China’s guiding principles for environmental protection

堅持環境保護基本國策 adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection 推行可持續發展戰略 pursue the strategy of sustainable development 貫徹經濟建設、城鄉建設、環境建設同步規劃、同步實施、同步發展（三同步）的方針 carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection(the ―three synchronizes‖ principle)促進經濟體制和經濟增長方式的轉變 promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth 實現經濟效益、社會效益和環境效益的統一 bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection 中國環?；菊?the basic policies of China’s environmental protection

預防為主、防治結合的政策 policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control 污染者負擔的政策 ―the-polluters-pay‖ policy

強化環境管理的政策 policy of tightening up environmental management 一控雙達標政策 policy of ―One Order, Two Goals‖: ―一控‖：12種工業污染物的排放量控制在國家規定的排放總量 The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.;―雙達標‖： 1.到2000年底，全國所有的工業污染源要達到國家或地方規定的污染物排放標準 The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000.2.到2000年底，47個重點城市的空氣和地面水達到國家規定的環境質量標準 2.Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.對新項目實行環境影響評估 conduct environmental impact assessments(EIA)on start-up projects 提高全民環保意識 raise environmental awareness amongst the general public 查處違反環保法規案件 investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection 環保執法檢查 environmental protection law enforcement inspection 限期治理 undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time 中國已加入的國際公約 international conventions into which China has accessed

控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴塞爾公約 Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal 關于消耗臭氧層物質的蒙特利爾議定書 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 生物多樣性公約 Convention on Biological Diversity 防治荒漠化國際公約 Convention to Combat Desertification 氣候變化框架公約 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 生態示范區 eco-demonstration region;environment-friendly region 國家級生態示范區（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region 國家級園林城市 Nationally Designated Garden City 對水質和空氣質量的影響 impact on the quality of the water and the air 治理環境污染 curb environmental pollution;bring the pollution under control 海藻 mostly in polluted waters)工業固體廢物 industrial solid wastes 白色污染 white pollution(by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解一次性塑料袋 throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags 放射性廢料積存 accumulation of radioactive waste 有機污染物 organic pollutants

氰化物、砷、汞排放 discharge of cyanide, arsenic, mercury 鉛、鎘、六價鉻 lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾無害化處理率 decontamination rate of urban refuse 垃圾填埋場 refuse landfill 垃圾焚化廠 refuse incinerator 防止過度利用森林 protect forests from overexploitation 森林砍伐率 rate of deforestation 水土流失 water and soil erosion 土壤鹽堿化 soil alkalization 農藥殘留 pesticide residue 水土保持 conservation of water and soil 生態農業 environment-friendly agriculture;eco-agriculture 水資源保護區 water resource conservation zone 海水淡化 sea water desalinization

保護珊瑚礁、紅樹林和漁業資源 protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource 綠化祖國 turn the country green 全民義務植樹日 National Tree-Planting Day 造林工程 afforestation project 綠化面積 afforested areas;greening space 森林覆蓋率 forest coverage 防風林 wind breaks（防沙林 sand breaks）速生林 fast-growing tree

降低資源消耗率 slow down the rate of resource degradation 開發可再生資源 develop renewable resources 環保產品 environment-friendly products 自然保護區 nature reserve 野生動植物 wild animals and plants, wild fauna and flora 保護生存環境 conserve natural habitats 瀕危野生動物 endangered wildlife 珍稀瀕危物種繁育基地 rare and endangered species breeding center 自然生態系統 natural ecosystems 防止沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 環境負荷 carrying capacity of environment 三廢綜合利用 multipurpose use of three types of wastes 先天與后天，遺傳與環境 nature-nurture 美化環境 landscaping design for environmental purposes 防止沿海地帶不可逆轉惡化 protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation 環境惡化 environmental degradation 城市化失控 uncontrolled urbanization 溫飽型農業 subsistence agriculture 貧困的惡性循環 vicious cycle of poverty 大氣監測系統 atmospheric monitoring system 空氣污染濃度 air pollution concentration 酸雨、越境空氣污染 acid rain and transboundary air pollution 二氧化硫排放 sulfur dioxide(SO2)emissions 懸浮顆粒物 suspended particles

工業粉塵排放 industrial dust discharged 煙塵排放 soot emissions 二氧化氮 nitrate dioxide(NO2)礦物燃料（煤、石油、天然氣）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas 清潔能源 clean energy 汽車尾氣排放 motor vehicle exhaust 尾氣凈化器 exhaust purifier 無鉛汽油 lead-free gasoline 天然氣汽車 gas-fueled vehicles

電動汽車 cell-driven vehicles;battery cars 氯氟烴 CFCs 溫室效應 greenhouse effect 厄爾尼諾南徊 ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪音 noise（分貝 db;decibel）

化學需氧量（衡量水污染程度的一個指標）COD；chemical oxygen demand 生物需氧量 BOD;biological oxygen demand 工業廢水處理率 treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污水處理率 treatment rate of domestic sewage 集中處理廠 centralized treatment plant 紅潮 red tide(rapid propagation of sea algae

英語―氣象‖用語表達法

1、氣候種類

山地氣候 mountain climate 恒風 constant wind 微風 breeze 冬季季風氣候 winter monsoon climate 逆風 headwind 臺風 typhoon 季風氣候 monsoon climate 高氣壓 high-pressure 鋒面 frontal edge 亞熱帶氣候 sub-tropical climate 氣團 air mass 熱浪 heat wave 高原氣候 plateau climate 閃電 lightning 霧 fog 海濱氣候 littoral climate 涼 cool 霜 frost 極地氣候 polar climate 雪堆 snowdrift 露 dew 熱帶氣候 tropical climate 寒冷 chilly

3、風的名稱

溫帶沙漠氣候 temperate desert climate 間歇雨 intermittent rain 無風 calm 溫帶干燥氣候 temperate arid climate 大雨 heavy rain 輕風 light breeze 熱帶季風氣候 tropical monsson climate 信風 trade wind 微風 gentle breeze 大陸氣候 continental climate 天氣預報 weather forecast 和風 moderate breeze 沙漠氣候 desert climate 甘霖 welcome rain 清風 fresh breeze 沿海氣候 coastal climate 冰柱 icicle 強風 strong breeze 高地氣候 海洋氣候 森林氣候 溫帶氣候 highland climate 西北風 northwester 疾風 near gale marine climate 地形雨 local rains 大風 gale forest climate 狂風 squall 烈風 strong gale temperate climate 雨季 rainy season 狂風 storm 濕潤氣候 humid climate 雨點 raindrops 暴風 violent storm 溫帶草原氣候 temperate grassy climate 東北信風 northeast trades 颶風 hurricane 熱帶雨林氣候 tropical rainy climate 東南風 southeaster 臺風 typhoon 熱帶海洋氣候 tropical marine climate 風級 wind scale 龍卷風 tornado

2、氣象用語 虹 rainbow

小雨 light rain 陣雨 shower平靜 calm 毛毛雨 drizzle,fine rain 疾風 gusty wind 微波 rippled 反常天氣 freakish weather 氣旋 cyclone 微浪 smooth wavelets 北風 north wind 氣壓 barometric pressure 細浪 light seas 冰 ice 陰天 cloudy day 小浪 moderate seas 冰點 freezing point 雪花 snow flake 中浪 rough seas 西南風 southwester 晴 clear 大浪 very rough seas 冷峰 cold front 順風 favorable wind 強浪 high seas 低氣壓 low-pressure 悶熱天氣 muggy weather 巨浪 very high seas 雨量 rainfall 雹 hail 狂浪 monster waves 東北風 northeaster 雷 thunder

3、自然災害

東風 east wind 滂沱大雨 downpour 火山地震 volcanic earthquake 炎熱 scorching heat 暖鋒 warm front 海嘯 tidal wave 風眼 eye of a storm 零度 zero 山崩 landslide 零度以下 subzero

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（06）--機關機構詞匯

部屬機構屬譯名（以化學工業為例）化學工業部 Ministry of Chemical Industry 辦公廳 General Office 計劃司 Planning Department 外事司 Foreign Affairs Department 人事司 Personnel Department 化工新材料局 New Chemical Material Department 化工司 Chemical Department 橡膠司 Rubber Department 煉化司 Department of Refining and Chemicals 礦山司 Chemical Mines Bureau 化工規劃院 Chemical Planning Institute 設備總公司 Equipment General Corporation 基建局 Capital Construction Department 教育司 Education Department 化肥司 Chemical Fertilizer Department 供銷局 Department of Supply and Sales 市屬機械譯名（以北京市為例）

北京市人大常委會 Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中國共產黨北京市委員會Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC 中國人民政治協商會議北京市委員會Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC 北京市人民政府 Beijing Municipal People's Government 高級人民法院 High People's Court 人民檢察院 People's Procuratorate 外事辦公室 Foreign Affairs Office 僑務辦公室 Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 財貿辦公室 Office of Finance and Trade 文教辦公室 Office of Culture and Education 計劃委員會 Planning Committee 經濟委員會 Economic Committee 城鄉建設委員會 Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科學技術委員會 Committee of Science and Technology 城市規劃委員會 Committee of Municipal Design 對外經貿委員會 Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries 市政管理委員會 Municipal Administration Committee 民族委員會 Nationalities Committee 體育委員會 Physical Culture and Sports Committee 計劃生育委員會 Family Planning Committee 人事局 Personnel Bureau 科技干部管理局 Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel 老干部局 Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 統計局 Statistical Bureau 物價局 Bureau of Commodity Price 工商行政管理局 Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品檢驗局 Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 審計局 Auditing Bureau 財政局 Finance Bureau 稅務局 Tax Bureau 勞動局 Labor Bureau 檔案局 Archives Bureau 物資管理局 Bureau of Materials 標準計量局 Bureau of Standard Measurement 公用局 Bureau if Public Utilities 廣播電視局 Bureau of Radio and Television 教育委員會 Education Committee 文化局 Bureau of Culture 文物事業管理局 Bureau of Cultural Relics 衛生局 Health Bureau 鄉鎮企業管理局 Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地質礦產局 Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 農業局 Agricultural Bureau 林業局 Forestry Bureau 水產局 Bureau of Aquatic Products 氣象局 Meteorological Bureau 水資源管理局 Control Bureau of Water Resources 園林局 Bureau of Parks and Woods 環境保護局 Bureau for Environmental Protection 環境衛生管理局 Bureau for Environmental Health 商業委員會 Commerce Committee 糧食局 Food Bureau 房地產管理局 Real Estate Bureau 城市規劃管理局 Bureau for Municipal Design 機械設備成套局 Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局 Public Security Bureau 安全局 Security Bureau 司法局 Justice Bureau 民政局 Bureau of Civil Affairs 勞改工作管理局 Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局 Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 鐵路局 Railways Bureau 郵政局 Post Bureau 電信局 Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局 Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海關 Beijing Customs 外交人員服務局 Service Bureau for Foreign Officials 首都鋼鐵公司 Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕山石化總公司 Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation 企業

半導體器械廠 Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包裝材料廠 Packaging Materials Plant 保溫瓶廠 Thermos Flask Factory 煉鋼廠 Steel Works 被單廠 Bed sheet Factory 變壓器廠 Transformer factory 玻璃制品廠 Glassware Factory 茶廠 Tea Processing Factory 柴油機廠 Diesel Engine Plant 車輛制造廠 Railway Car Plant 船舶修造廠 Ship Repair Yard 燈具廠 Lighting Equipment Factory 低壓開關廠 Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽車制造廠 Automobile Works 發電廠 Power Plant 電動工具廠 Electric Tool Works 電機廠 Electrical Machinery Plant 電訊器材廠 Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 電子管廠 Electronic Tube Factory 電子設備廠 Electronic Equipment Factory 鑄造廠 Foundry Works 紡織機械廠 Textile Machinery Plant 服裝廠 Garment Factory 皮革制品廠 Leather Goods Factory 罐頭食品廠 Canned Food Plant 光學儀器廠 Optical Instrument Factory 廣播器材廠 Broadcasting Equipment Factory 鍋爐廠 Boiler Factory 化肥廠 Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化工廠 Chemical Works 化學纖維廠 Chemical Fiber Plant 化妝品廠 Cosmetics Plant 機床廠 Machine Tools Plant 機械修理廠 Machine Repair Plant 建筑機械廠 Construction Machinery Plant 金屬工藝制品廠 Metal Handicraft Plant 晶體管廠 Transistor Factory 絕緣材料廠 Insulating Materials Plant 民族樂器廠 Folk Music Instrument Factory 煉油廠 Oil Refinery 糧油加工廠 Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory 毛紡織廠 Woolen Mill 木材廠 Timber Mill 家具廠 Furniture Factory 農藥廠 Insecticide Factory 啤酒廠 Beer Brewery 汽車修配廠 Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant 人造纖維廠 Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加工廠 Milk Processing Plant 石油化工機械廠 Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant 水泥廠 Cement Plant 塑料廠 Plastics Plant 搪瓷廠 Enamel Plant 陶瓷廠 Pottery and porcelain Factory 通用機械廠 General Machinery Plant 玩具廠 Toy Factory 無線電器材廠 Radio Appliances Factory 五金廠 Hardware Factory 橡膠廠 Rubber Plant 制藥廠 Pharmaceutical Factory 羊毛衫廠 Woolen Sweater Mill 針織廠 Knitwear Mill 冶煉廠 Metallurgical Plant 醫療器械廠 Medical Apparatus Factory 儀表廠 Instrument and Meters Factory 飲料廠 Soft Drinks Plant 印染廠 Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆廠 Paint Factory 有機化工廠 Organic Chemical Plant 造紙機械廠 Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船廠 Shipbuilding Plant 自行車廠 Bicycle Plant 公司、企業集團

家用電器有限公司 Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd.技貿公司 Technology and Trade Co., Ltd.鋼鐵公司 Iron and Steel Company 保安服務公司 Security Service Company 針織有限公司 Knitting Company Ltd.實業集團公司 Industrial Group Corporation 國際租賃公司 International Leasing Company 電子技術開發公司 Electronic Technology Development Co.毛紡織有限公司 Woolen Textile Co., Ltd.系統工程有限公司 System Engineering Corporation 計算機集團公司 Computer Group Co.時裝有限公司 Fashion Company Ltd.廣告公司 Advertising Company 科學技術開發公司 Science and Technical Development Company 水產品有限公司 Aquatic Product Company Ltd.旅游公司 Travel Corporation 服裝公司 Garment Company Ltd.國際廣告展覽有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.電冰箱廠有限公司 Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd.電風扇工業公司 Electric Fan Industry Company 電話技術開發服務公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.電力機械制造公司 Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 電信發展公司 Telecommunications Development Co.電子器材公司 Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑工程 Construction Project Consulting 咨詢公司 Corporation 科學儀器 Scientific Instrument Import and 進出口公司 Export Co.儀器設備公司 Instrument and Equipment Company 汽車企業集團 Automobile Enterprise Group 技術開發咨詢公司 Technical Development and Consultancy Co.對外服務公司 Foreign Service Company 對外經濟發展公司 Foreign Economic Development Company 紡織企業集團 Textile Enterprise Group 對外貿易公司 Foreign Trade Company 貿易有限公司 Trading Company Ltd.國際投資有限公司 International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司 Plastic Products Co., Ltd.工藝美術品公司 Arts and Crafts Corporation 國際經濟技術合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 國際經濟開發公司 International Economic Development Corporation 國際科技咨詢公司 International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 國際貿易展覽公司 International Trade Exhibition Company 國際商業服務公司 International Commercial Service Company 國際信息處理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.國際經濟合作公司 International Economic Cooperation Corporation 國際工程集團 International Engineering Group Corporation 制衣實業公司 Garments Industrial Company 化工工程咨詢公司 Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 計算機技術 Computer Technology Service 服務公司 Corporation 工程承包有限公司 Project Contracting Co., Ltd.建筑設計合資公司 Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通進出口 Communications Import & Export 服務公司 Service Company 飯店集團服務公司 Hotel Group, Ltd.飲料有限公司 Beverage Company Limited 建筑工程公司 Construction Engineering Co.陶瓷企業集團 Porcelain Industry Complex 飼料技術開發集團 Feed Technological Development Group 能源開發公司 Energy Development Corporation 民辦交通信息中心 Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 國貨有限公司 China Products Company Ltd.氣象服務公司 Meteorological Service Company 農資公司 Agricultural Materials Company 化纖工業集團公司 Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房產投資有限公司 Realty & Investment Company 房地產開發公司 Real Estate Development Company 國際集裝箱有限公司 International Container Co., Ltd.證券公司 Securities Company 塑料皮革工業公司 Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 討債公司 Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供應公司 New Building Materials Supply Company 金融、保險機構

中國人民銀行 People's Bank of China 中國人民建設銀行 People's Construction Bank of China 中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中國農業銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 中國銀行 Bank of China 交通銀行 Bank of Communications 中國投資銀行 China Investment Bank 中信實業銀行 CITIC Industrial Bank 中國光大銀行 Everbright Bank of China 廈門國際銀行 Xiamen International Bank 廣東發展銀行 Guangdong Development Bank 浦東發展銀行 Pudong Development Bank 中國國際信托投資公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation 中國人民保險公司 People's Insurance Company of China平安保險公司 Ping An Insurance Company 中國人壽保險公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.商店

書店 books store 糧店 grain store 食品點 food store 煤店 coal store 食品雜貨（副食品）店 grocery 醬園 sauce and pickles shop 肉店 meat(butcher's)shop 酒店 wine shop 水產店 aquatic products shop 家禽店 fowl shop 豆腐店 bean curd shop 烤肉店 roast meat shop 鹵味店 sauced meat shop 飲食店 food and drink shop 小吃店 eating house(snack bar)飯店 restaurant 冷飲店 cold drinks shop 蔬菜店水果店 green grocery(green grocer's)蔬菜店 vegetables shop 鞋帽店 shoes and hats store 百貨公司 department store 百貨商場 general merchandise market 服裝店 clothing store 成衣店 ready-made clothes shop 呢絨綢布店 wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 藥店（美：雜貨店）drug store(pharmacy)兒童用品商店 children's goods shop 婦女用品商店 women's goods shop 鐘表店 watch and clock ship 文具店 stationer's(stationery shop)日用雜貨店 daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事用具商店 cooking utensils shop 家用器具商店 household utensils shop 五金商店 metal products shop 家具店 furniture shop 眼鏡店 eyeglasses store 玻璃禮品店 glass gifts store 爆竹鞭炮店 fireworks shop 電器商店 electrical appliance shop 油漆店 paint shop 化工油漆染料店 chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地產建材商店 native building materials store 照相館（攝影室）photographic studio(photographer's)舊貨店 second-hand goods store(used goods store)寄賣商店 commission shop 綜合修理店 general repair shop(service)工藝美術服務社 arts and crafts shop 花店 flower shop 古玩珠寶店 antiques and jewelry shop 香煙店（攤）cigarette shop(stall)售報亭 newspaper and magazine stand 茶館 tea house 理發店 barber's shop(hairdresser's)洗澡堂 bath house 旅店/旅館 inn/ hotel 郵局 post office 中國人民團體People’s Organizations of China

測繪學會 Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography 地震學會 Seismological Society 國際金融學會 International Finance Society 國際戰略問題學會 Institute for International Strategic Studies 海洋學會 Society of Oceanography 科普學會 Popular Science Society 全國少年兒童文化藝術委員會 National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全國少年兒童工作協調委員會 National Children’s Work Coordination Committee 全國史學會 China Society of History 宋慶齡基金會（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation(Shanghai)中國奧林匹克委員會 Chinese Olympic Committee 中國筆會中心 Chinese Pen Center 中國標準化協會 China Association for Standardization 中國殘疾人福利基金會 China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped 中國出版協會 Chinese Publishers Association 中國道教協會 Chinese Taoist Association 中國電視藝術家協會 Chinese Television Artists Association 中國電影家協會 China Film Association 中國法律質詢中心 Chinese Legal Consultancy Center 中國法律會 China Law Society 中國翻譯工作者協會 Translators Association of China 中國佛教協會 Chinese Buddhists Association 中國福利會 China Welfare Institute 中國歌劇研究會 Chinese Opera Research Institute 中國共產主義青年團 Communist Youth League of China 中國國際法學會 Chinese Society of International Law 中國國際交流協會 Association for International Understanding of China 中國紅十字會總會 Red Cross Society of China 中國會計學會 China Accounting Society 中國基督教―三自‖愛國運動委員會 Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China 中國基督教協會 China Christian Council 中國計量測試學會 Chinese Society for Measurement 中國金融學會 Chinese Monetary Society 中國考古協會 Archaeological Society of China 中國科學技術史學會 Chinese Society of Science and Technology History 中國科學技術協會 China Society and Technology Association 中國聯合國教科文組織全國委員會 National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO 中國聯合國協會 United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China 中國美術家協會 Chinese Artists Association 中國民間文藝家協會 China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art 中國企業管理協會 China Enterprise Management Association 中國曲藝家協會 Chinese Ballad Singers Association 中國人民保衛兒童基金會 Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Children 中國人民對外友好協會 Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries 中國少年兒童基金會 Children’s Foundation of China 中國少年先鋒隊 China Young Pioneers 中國攝影家協會 Chinese Photographers Society 中國書法家協會 Chinese Calligraphers Association 中國天主教愛國會 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association 中國天主教教務委員會 National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church 中國天主教主教團 Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中國文學藝術界聯合會 China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中國舞蹈家協會 Chinese Dancers Association 中國戲劇家協會 Chinese Dramatists Association 中國伊斯蘭教協會 Chinese Islamic Association 中國音樂家協會 Chinese Musicians Association 中國雜技藝術家協會 Chinese Acrobats Association 中國政法學會 China Society of Political Science and Law 中國作家協會 Chinese Writers Association 中化全國婦女聯合會 All-China Women’s Federation

中華全國工商聯合會 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce 中華全國歸國華僑聯合會 All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中華全國青年聯合會 All-China Youth Federation 中華全國世界語聯合會 All-China Esperanto League 中華全國臺灣同胞聯誼會 All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots 中華全國體育總會 All-China Sports Federation 中華全國新聞工作者協會 All-China Journalists’ Association 中華全國總工會 All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中華醫學會 Chinese Medical Association 國家機關China's State Organs 1.全國人民代表大會 National People's Congress(NPC)主席團 Presidium 常務委員會 Standing Committee 辦公廳General Office 秘書處Secretariat 代表資格審查委員會Credentials Committee 提案審查委員會Motions Examination Committee 民族委員會Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委員會Law Committee 財政經濟委員會Finance and Economy Committee 外事委員會Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科學、文化和衛生委員會Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 內務司法委員會Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 華僑委員會Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制工作委員會Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定問題調查委員會Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 憲法修改委員會Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中華人民共和國主席 [President of the People's Republic of China] 3.中央軍事委員會 [Central Military Commission] 4.最高人民法院 [Supreme People's Court] 5.最高人民檢察院 [Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6.國務院 [State Council](1)國務院部委 Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 國防部Ministry of National Defence 國家發展計劃委員會State Development Planning Commission 國家經濟貿易委員會State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科學技術部Ministry of Science and Technology 國防科學技術工業委員會Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 國家民族事物委員會State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 國家安全部Ministry of State Security 監察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 財政部Ministry of Finance 人事部Ministry of Personnel 勞動和社會保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 國土資源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建設部Ministry of Construction 鐵道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息產業部Ministry of Information Industry 水利部Ministry of Water Resources 農業部Ministry of Agriculture 對外貿易經濟合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 文化部Ministry of Culture 衛生部Ministry of Public Health 國家計劃生育委員會State Family Planning Commission 中國人民銀行People's Bank of China 國家審計署State Auditing Administration(2)國務院辦事機構 Offices under the State Council 國務院辦公廳General Office of the State Council 僑務辦公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳臺辦公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 臺灣事務辦公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制辦公室Office of Legislative Affairs 經濟體制改革辦公室Office for Economic Restructuring 國務院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新聞辦公室Information Office 公司部門的英文標識名稱 總公司 Head Office 分公司 Branch Office 營業部 Business Office 人事部 Personnel Department 人力資源部Human Resources Department 總務部 General Affairs Department 財務部 General Accounting Department 銷售部 Sales Department 促銷部 Sales Promotion Department 國際部 International Department 出口部 Export Department 進口部 Import Department 公共關系 Public Relations Department 廣告部 Advertising Department 企劃部 Planning Department 產品開發部 Product Development Department 研發部 Research and Development Department(R&D)秘書室 Secretarial Pool

口譯筆譯分類詞匯（07）--世貿組織詞匯

（補貼協議）可訴補貼Actionable subsidy(紡織品與服裝、農產品)一體化進程Integration process（服務貿易）境外消費Consumption abroad（服務貿易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服務貿易）商業存在Commercial presence(服務貿易)自然人 natural person(服務貿易)自然人流動Presence of natural person(解決爭端)被訴方Defendant（解決爭端）調查結果Findings(解決爭端)上訴Appeal(解決爭端)申訴方Complaint(利益的)喪失和減損Nullification and impairment(農產品)國內支持Domestic support（農產品）綜合支持量AMS(Aggregate Measurement of Support)（農產品國內支持）黃箱措施Amber Box measures（農產品國內支持）藍箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions（農產品國內支持）綠箱措施Green Box measures(農業)多功能性 Multifunctionality（歐盟）共同農業政策Common Agriculture Policy(爭端解決)專家組Panel（知識產權）地理標識Geographical indications 《巴黎公約》(關于保護工業知識產權的公約)Paris Convention 《巴塞爾公約》（有關危險廢棄物的多邊環境協定）Basel Convention 《北美自由貿易協定》NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)《瀕危物種國際貿易公約》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯爾尼公約》（有關保護文學和藝術作品版權的公約）Berne Convention 《多種纖維協定》MFA(Multifibre Agreement)《紡織品與服裝協議》ATC(Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)

《服務貿易總協定》GATS(General Agreement on Trade in Services)《關于爭端解決規則與程序的諒解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都議定書》 Kyoto Protocol 《里斯本條約》（有關地理標識及其國際注冊）Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利爾議定書》(有關保護大氣臭氧層的多邊環境協定)Montreal Protocol 《農產品協議》特殊保障SSG(Special Safeguard)《農業協議》中關于反補貼的和平條款Peace clause 《生物多樣性公約》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)

《信息技術協議》ITA(Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不發達國家高級別會議HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由貿易區 NAFTA(North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 產品生命周期分析LCA(Life Cycle Analysis)出口補貼Export subsidy 出口實績Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger 當地含量Local content 電子商務 Electronic Commerce 東部和南部非洲共同市場COMESA(Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)東盟自由貿易區ASEAN Free Trade Area 動植物衛生檢疫措施SPS(Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard)反補貼稅Countervailing duty 反傾銷措施 anti-dumping measures against… 反向通知Counter-notification 非配額產品 quota-free products 非生產性投資 investment in non-productive projects 非洲、加勒比和太平洋國家集團（洛美協定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)風險管理/評估 risk management/ assessment 關貿總協定，世界貿易組織的前身 GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)規避Circumvention 國際標準化組織ISO(International Organization for Standardization)國際紡織品服裝局ITCB(International Textile and Clothing Bureau)國際貨幣基金組織IMF(International Monetary Fund)國際勞工組織ILO(International Labor Organization)國際貿易中心ITC(International Trade Center)國際貿易組織ITO(International Trade Organization)

國際貿易組織臨時委員會ICITO(Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)國際清算 international settlement 國際收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment 國際收支條款BOP(Balance-of-payments)Provisions 國際獸疫組織International Office of Epizootics 國民待遇National treatment 國內補貼Domestic subsidy 國內生產Domestic production 海關估價Customs valuation 海關完稅價值Customs value 橫向兼并 horizontal merger 環保型技術EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色區域措施Grey area measures 貨幣留成制度Currency retention scheme 貨幣貿易理事會CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基礎稅率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉報復Cross retaliation 進口差價稅Import variable duties 進口附加稅Import surcharge 進口環節稅 import linkage tax 進口滲透Import penetration 進口替代Import substitution 進口許可Import licensing 進口押金Import deposits 經濟合作與發展組織OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融資 junk financing 聯合國環境署UNEP(United Nations Environment Program)聯合國開發計劃署UNDP(United Nations Development Program)聯合國糧農組織FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)聯合國貿易與發展會議UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)糧食安全Food security 慢性蕭條 chronic depression 貿易和投資自由化和便利化 TILF(Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)貿易與發展委員會Committee on Trade and Development 貿易與環境委員會Committee on Trade and Environment 模式Modalities 南方共同市場（或稱南錐體共同市場）MERCOSUR(Southern Common Market)南亞區域合作聯盟SAARC(South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)歐洲自由貿易聯盟EFTA(European Free Trade Association)配額調整條款modulation of quota clause 瓶頸制約 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配額 global quota 上訴機構Appeal body 申報制度 reporting system;income declaration system 生產補貼Production subsidy 實行國民待遇 grant the national treatment to 實質損害Material injury 食品法典委員會 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)世界海關組織WCO(World Customs Organization)

世界貿易組織WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知識產權組織WIPO(World Intellectual Property Organization)市場準人的行政管理措施 AAMA(Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市場準入Market access 通知義務Notification obligation 同類產品Like product 烏拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消費膨脹 inflated consumption 協調制度（商品名稱及編碼協調制度）HS(Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新議題New issues 許可費 License fee 有秩序的市場安排Orderly market arrangements 約束水平Bound level 爭端解決機構Dispute Settlement Body 政府采購 Government procurement 知識產權IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment 諸邊協議 Plurilateral agreement 專門的營銷機構Market boards 轉基因生物GMOs(Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父條款 grandfather clause 最不發達國家LDCs(Least-developed countries)最初談判權(初談權)INRs(Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠國待遇（現通常稱'正常貿易關系'）MFN（most-favored-nation)treatment 最惠國貿易地位(待遇)MFN(Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO術語英文解釋

General GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO.An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old(pre-1994)version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments(first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment(GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs.GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade

Policy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993.Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.Tariffs binding, bound — see ―tariff binding‖

electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle.Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis.Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level.Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products.This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels.For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as ―tariff peaks‖.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports.Levied either on an ad valorem basis(percentage of value)or on a specific basis(e.g.$7 per 100 kgs.).Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measures anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e.price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported(or exported)during a specific time period.rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin.A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty.These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic.An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders(e.g.simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement.Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country(government or industry)agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothing ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January

1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement(1974-94)under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPS Agenda 2000 — EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members.Includes reform of the CAP(see below).border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or ―mad cow disease‖.box — Category of domestic support.— Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting.— Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization.It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round.Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade;direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g.environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc.See non-trade concerns.non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality.The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples.Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT.Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process.It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e.a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms.Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual property Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent(i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process)— without the permission of the patent owner.Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled.See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it.(A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.)Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product.See also parallel imports.geographical indications — Place names(or words associated with a place)used to identify products(for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖)which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner.See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works(protected by copyright), inventions(protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise(protected by trademarks)and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals.Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed.(An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally(i.e.not pirated)abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder(e.g.the trademark or patent owner).Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e.patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights(such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc)for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlement Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity — The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO

obligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Services accounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed.Mode 1: cross border supply;mode 2: consumption abroad;mode 3: foreign commercial presence;and mode 4: movement of natural persons.multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode.In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer — A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GATS.The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services.The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.schedule — ―Schedule of Specific Commitments‖ — A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.specific commitments — See ―schedule‖.Regionalism/trade and development ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries.Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations.The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues.The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff(e.g.the EC).EC — European Communities(official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members(e.g.NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD(originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD.Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries.MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D — ―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries.Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environment Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit(UN Conference on the Environment and Development)held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustment CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments.Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.口譯筆譯分類詞匯（08）--經濟金融詞匯

不景氣 slump（衰退 recession）二板市場 the second board market 中國創業板 China Growth Enterprise Market 首次上市 IPOs(initial public offering)市場資本總額 market capitalization 法人股 institutional shares 內部股（非上市招股）private company shares 牛市 bull market 法律風險 legal risk 風險管理 risk management 堅持嚴格的貸款標準 maintain strong underwriting standards 六大風險 risks in 6 key areas(U.S.Federal Reserve criterion)信用風險 credit risk 供給學派 supply-side economist 第一產業（農業）agriculture(primary industry)第二產業（工業）manufacturing industry(secondary industry)第三產業（服務業）service industry(tertiary industry)主要經濟指標 major economic indicators 國內生產總值 GDP gross domestic product（商品和勞務幣值總和，不包括海外收入支出）國民生產總值 GNP gross national product（商品和勞務幣值總和，包括海外收入支出）人均國內生產總值 GDP per capita 宏觀經濟 macro economy 互助基金 mutual fund 擴大內需 expand domestic demand 改善居民心理預期 inspire the general public's confidence in the future needs 鼓勵增加即期消費 encourage more immediate consumption 長期國債 long-term treasury bonds 支付國債利息 to service treasury bonds 財政赤字和債務 deficits and the national debt 按原口徑計算 calculate on the base line 按不變價格計算 calculate at constant price 按可比價格計算 calculate at comparable price 列入財政預算支出 listed in the fiscal budget 結售匯制度 the system of exchange, settlement and sales

經常項目順差 favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 開辦人民幣業務 engage in Renminbi(RMB)business

出口退稅制度 the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 保證金臺帳制度 Deposit account system for processing trade 分期付款 pay by installment 保值儲蓄 inflation-proof bank savings 抵押貸款 collateralised loans 住房抵押貸款 residential mortgage loan 貨幣主義者 monetarist 計劃經濟 planned economy 指令性計劃 mandatory plan 技術密集型 technology intensive 大規模生產 mass production 經濟林 cash tree 跟蹤審計 follow-up auditing 流動性風險 liquidity risk 操作風險 operational risk 內部審計 internal audit 拋售 bear sales 配套政策 supporting policies

中國人民銀行（中央銀行）The People’s Bank of China（central bank）四大國有商業銀行 4 major state-owned commercial banks 中國銀行 Bank of china

中國工商銀行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China（）and 中國建設銀行 Construction Bank of China 中國農業銀行 Agricultural Bank of China 招商銀行 China Merchants Bank 疲軟股票 soft stock 配股 allotment of shares 實際增長率 growth rate in real terms 年均增長率 average growth rate per annum 投資回報率 rate of return on investment 外貿進出口總額 total foreign trade value 實際利用外資 incoming overseas capital(investment)in place 消費價格指數 consumer price index(CPI)零售價格指數 retail price index（RPI）

生活費用價格總指數 total price index of living cost 生活費用 income available for living expenses 扣除物價因素 in real terms / on inflation-adjusted basis 居民儲蓄存款 residents’ bank savings deposit

恩格爾系數（食品開支占總支出的比例）Engel coefficient 基尼系數（衡量地區差別）Gini coefficient 購買力平價法 purchasing power parity(PPP)（衡量使用不同貨幣的兩個國家或地區的經濟水平、收入水平的一種計算法，用相等的匯率比較兩種貨幣各自的國內購買力）片面追求發展速度 excessive pursuit of growth

泡沫經濟 bubble economy 經濟過熱 overheating of economy 通貨膨脹 inflation 實體經濟 the real economy 經濟規律 laws of economics 市場調節 market regulation 優化資源配置 optimize allocation of resources 規模經營優勢 advantage of economies of scale 勞動密集型 labor intensive 市場風險 market risk 收緊銀根 tighten up monetary policy 適度從緊的財政政策 moderately tight fiscal policy 信用緊縮 credit crunch

加強國有商業銀行內部資金調度 In state commercial banks, internal capital allocation should be improved.合理劃分貸款審批權限 Limits of authority for examining and approving loans should be rationally defined.保證有市場、有效益、守信用企業的流動資金貸款 ensure floating capital loans for well-performing and trustworthy enterprises which turn out the right products for the right markets 啟動民間投資 attract investment from the private sector 適銷對路的產品 the right products / readily marketable products 國有企業 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)集體企業 collectively-owned(partnership)enterprises 私營企業 private businesses 民營企業 privately-run businesses 中小企業 small-and-medium-sized enterprises 三資企業（中外合資、中外合作、外商獨資）overseas-invested enterprises;foreign-invested enterprises(Chinese-overseas equity joint ventures, Chinese-overseas contractual joint ventures, wholly foreign-owned enterprises)存款保證金 guaranty money for deposits

貨幣回籠 withdrawal of currency from circulation 吸收游資 absorb idle fund

經常性貸款 commercial lending 經常性支出 operating expenses 再貸款 re-lending;subloan 支持國有大型企業和高新技術企業上市融資 support large state-owned enterprises and high and innovative technology companies in their efforts to seek financing by listing on the stock market 改制上市 An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.進一步規范和發展證券市場 further standardize and develop the securities market 增加直接融資比重 increase the proportion of direct financing 完善股票發行上市制度 improve the system for IPO and listing on stock markets 中國證監會 China Securities Regulatory Commission(CSRC)深圳證券交易所市 Shenzhen Stock Exchange 上海證券交易所 Shanghai Stock Exchange 綜合指數 composite index 納斯達克（高技術企業板）NASDAQ（National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation 主板市場 the main board 通貨緊縮 deflation 中國現代化建設分三步走的戰略the three-step development strategy of China’s modernization drive第一步，到1990年國民生產總值比1980年翻一番 Step One: GDP of 1990 doubles that of 1980.第二步，到2000年人均國民生產總值比1980年翻兩番，人民生活達到小康水平Step Two: GDP of 2000 quadruples that of 1980;people live a fairly comfortable life.第三步，到21世紀中期建國100周年時，達到中等發達國家水平Step Three: By the year 2049, the 100th anniversary of the P.R.C., China’s level of development is expected to be on par with the mid-ranking developed countries 與世界經濟的聯系將更加緊密 be more closely linked to the world economy 中國巨大的市場潛力將逐步轉化為現實的購買力 The huge market potential that China enjoys will be turned into tangible purchasing power.適應市場經濟需要的法律法規體系還不夠健全 The regulatory and legal system is not well established as to adapt to the demand of market economy.經濟管理體制可能會出現一些不適應 The economic management system may not be readily adapted to the changes.一些行業和企業可能會受到沖擊 Some sectors of economy and some businesses may be adversely affected.立足中國國情，發揮自身優勢 proceed from national conditions in China and bring our advantages into play 揚長避短，趨利避害，迎接經濟全球化的挑戰 foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses and