第一篇：2014年職稱英語理工A押題整理

Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?

A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr.Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding

B.what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C.liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs四肢 during Kyoto University's experiment?

D.Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?

D.Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Batteries Built by Viruses 1.According to the first paragraph, people try to

C.Stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2.What is Belcher’s team doing at present?

C.It is making batteries with viruses

3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word ―shrink‖ appearing in paragraph 5?

D.Expand 4.Which of the following is true of Belcher’s battery mentioned in paragraph 6?

D.It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5.How tiny is one battery part?

A.Its width is one tenth of a hair.Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”

1.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?

C.Because their activity affects the environment.2.As predators, ants

A.prey on small as well as large animals.3.Dir Sanders’ study centered on how ants

D.produce such a big impact on the environment 4.What does paragraph 6 tell us?

B.Ants bring about a positiveinfluence to an area when their population is small 5.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?

C.How do human activities affect ants’ influence on a given ecosystem?

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety 1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?

D.Female teachers’ confidence信心 in their math skills is related to girl’s math skills.2.What is implied暗示 in the third paragraph?

B.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

C.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt 4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A.prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math achievements 5.David Geary thinks that

B.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Cell Phones Increase Traffic Pedestrian Fatalities 1.The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D.Loeb

D.both A and C.2.According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities?

B.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass 3.What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?

B.The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use 4.What is said about cell phone use in the mid-1980s in paragraph 5?

A.It had a life-taking effect because there weren’t enough cell phones in use then.5.Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question ― What caused the ―life-saving effect‖ to occur in the early 1990s?‖

B.The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million

U．S．Scientists Confirm Water on Mars 1.What was discovered by NASA’s Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?

C.Water in a soil sample.2.Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?

C.The samples got stuck inside the scoop 3.Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?

A.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars 4.Where are the scientists involved in the research from?

C.They are from both America and Canada.5.Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?

A.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed 1.According to the first paragraph, which of the following statements about the theory or evolution is true?

B.School boards oppose反對 AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.2.Which one of the following is NOT the reason for an overall lack of teaching Darwin's theory?

D.Darwin's theory is denied拒絕，否定 as the central theory of biology.3.AIBS's is composed of.A.more than 80 societies and 250,000 members

4.According to Weis in the 5th paragraph, the theory of evolution_______.A.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and geonomics 5.Why do people replace the term creationism with the term intelligent design nowadays?

D.Because the term creationism is too direct.Renewable Energy Sources 1.What are the energy resources that are not renewable according to the article?

D.A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges Dam

C.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world.3.Which is the country with the first commercial power station that makes use of ocean currents produced by tides?

B.Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true of wind power?

D.All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as wind

B.are renewable so sustainable.Too Little for Global Warming

1.What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?

D.Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth’s doomsday will never materialize.2.Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree to

B.cut CO2 emissions.3.What are the estimates of the world’s oil and gas reserves?

D.3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4.Which of the following about Nebojsa NaJcicenovic is true?

D.He thinks that IPCC’s estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5.Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic’s assertion that ―… such a switch would be disastrous..."

B.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Clone Farm 1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph?

C.Cloned chickens are bulk-produced大量生產 with the same growth rate, weight and taste 2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research?

A.The US’s National Institute of Science and Technology

3.In the third paragraph, by saying― Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there,‖ Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes

D.chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed

4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?

C.Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines

5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all the following EXCEPT that

A.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only

【完型填空】

Free Stains With Fast Food Could Neutrailze Heart Risk Fast food outlets could1 provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London2 suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ―LDL‖ cholesterol3 in the blood.A wealth of trial data4 has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk

In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology5, Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is.enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis, from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London, who is the senior author of the study, said: ―Statins don’t cut out all of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries6.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack, taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it.―

N’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthy condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense7 to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 pence per customer —— not much different to a sachet of sugar8, ― Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, like wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a stain is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil ―liquefaction‖2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows.We’ve seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe,‖ said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5.―Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,‖ Ashford said.―The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and Infrastructure these communities need to function.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.‖

Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It’s a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.― With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,‖ he said.―And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable.‖

The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.There’s no doubt that we’ll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events,‖ Ashford said.―Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.‖ Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction – on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The ―young‖ sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse – even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters

It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1.They are thought to attack people frequently.But these fish2 perform a valuable service for earth’s waters and for human beings.Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their existence.Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth.Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity.Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters.Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas,where people also swim.In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans.They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion.That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up.Those are the times when sharks are looking for food.Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4.It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals.These powerful senses help sharks find their food.Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense and immune systems against disease.Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries.They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans.They eat injured and diseased fish.Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great.This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.

第二篇：2013職稱英語理工B新增題整理(押題)

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety

In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicagol1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.練習：

1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph? D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2.What is implied in the third paragraph?

B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5.David Geary thinks that

B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of

charge

so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London

suggest

in a newstudy．

Statins reduce the

amount

of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood.A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack

risk

.In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is

enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from

eating

a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．

Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the

unhealthy

effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your

possibility

of having a heart attack.Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same

degree

as a fast food meal increases it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they

like

, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed.It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided

free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per

customer

一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take

measures

that lower their risk, 1ike

wearing

a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.Taking a statin is a rational way of

lowering

some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．

快餐銷售點為了減少油脂食物對心臟疾病的危險，可以免費提供降膽固醇類藥物.倫敦大學帝國理工學院的研究者在一個新的研究中建議到。降膽固醇類藥物減少了血液中低密度脂蛋白膽固醇。很多的試驗數據已證明它們對降低一個人的心臟病風險有非常好的效果。

美國心臟病學期刊中出版了一篇論文，Darrel Francis博士和同事們計算出一顆降膽固醇類藥物降低心臟病突發的風險足以抵抗吃一個芝士漢堡和喝一杯奶昔。

來自倫敦帝國學院國家心肺研究所的Francis博士，即這個研究的資深作者說道：“降膽固醇類藥物不能抵消芝士漢堡和法式炸薯條所帶來所有的不健康影響?？偠灾?，最好是避免油脂類食物。但是我們已經算出你得心臟病發作的可能性。服用一片降膽固醇類藥物可以或多或少在同樣程度上減少你因一頓快餐而引起的風險。”“諷刺的是人們免費在快餐銷售點吃到許多他們喜歡的不健康調味品，而對心臟健康有益的降膽固醇類藥物卻是要開處方的。所以他們提供免費的降膽固醇類藥物是和提供不健康調味品一樣可行的。每個顧客的花費低于五便士——無異于一小袋糖的價格。”Francis博士說道。

當人們進行像喝酒或抽煙之類有風險性的舉動時，他們知道衡量如何降低風險，正如平時系上安全帶或選擇過濾煙一樣。服用一個降膽固醇類藥物就是吃一頓油脂食物降低一些風險的合理方法。Computers

Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.答案：16.A 17.B 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.C One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other.Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys.And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.1.How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease

B By urine and blood tests.2.How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

A 1,9,000,000

3.How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

D 100,000.4.What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

D To start rigorously checking out their patients' kidneys.5.Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan

Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2.The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space 1.What have scientists found about Saturn?

C They have found methane-based life on Titan.2.What do scientists say about Titan?

A There are life clues there.3.To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does“this form of life” refer to?

B Methane-based life.4.What can be inferred from what Allen said?

A Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.5.Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?

D A different Life Form, a Possibility.When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach 1.What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?

C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.2.Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?

B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3.What does the writer want to tell us?

C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4.What did the results of the experiment indicate?

A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5.What can we infer from the passage?

D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?

B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?

D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of the following about Shimi is true?

D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4.What does the author want to tell us?

A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?

B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.

第三篇：2014職稱英語押題 理工B 閱讀理解

閱讀理解：

第二十九篇 I’ll Be Bach（2014年新文章）

Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of classical music.It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can’t tell the difference between music by the famous German composer J.S.Bach1(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope’s computer.It all started in 1980 in the United States, when Cope was trying to write an opera.He was having trouble thinking of new melodies, so be wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not easy to listen to.What did Cope do? He began to rethink how human beings compose music.He realized that composers1 brains work like big databases.First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take out the music that they dislike.Finally, they make new music from what is left.According to Cope，only the great composers axe able to create the database accurately,remember it,and form new musical patterns firom it.Cope built a huge database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach.1 he software analyzed the data： it broke it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns.It then combined the pieces into new patterns.Before long, the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren’t good,but it was a start.Cope knew he had more work to do-he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software.Soon it could analyze more complex music.He also added many other composers，including his own work,to the database.A few years later，Cope’s computer program,called “Emmy”，was ready to help him with his opera.The process required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy.Cope listened to the computer’s musical ideas and used the ones that he liked.With Emmy, the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Fallingttind it was a great success!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly how he had composed the work.Since that first opera, Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn’t like of her music,but she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!詞匯：

original /9 Vicinal/ adj.有獨創性

coHaboration /ka丨laebdreijan / n.合作 review/ ri'vju:/ n.評論

feedback /'fi:db?k / n.反饋 注釋：

1.J.S.Bach:約翰?塞巴斯蒂安?巴赫(德語:Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685 年3 月 31 日一 1750 年7月28 H),巴洛克時期的德國作曲家，杰出的管風琴、小提琴、大鍵琴演奏家,同作曲家亨德

爾和泰勒曼齊名。巴赫被普遍認為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一，并被尊稱為“西方‘現代 音樂’之父”,也是西方文化史上最重要的人物之一。

練習：

1.The music composed by David cope is about

A classical music.B pop music.C drama.D country music.2.By developing a computer software,David Cope aimed A to be like Bach.B to study Bach.C to write an opera.D to create a musical database

3.What did Cope realize about a great composer's brain? A It forms new musical patterns all by itself.B It writes a computer program.C It can recognize any music patterns.D It creates an accurate database.4.Who is Emmy?

A a database

B a computer software C a composer who helped David

D an opera

5.We can infer from the passage that

A David Cope is a computer programmer.B David Cope loves music.C Bach’s music helped him a lot.D Emmy did much more work than a composer.答案與題解：

1.A第一段的第一句:David Cope發明了一個可以編寫出古典音樂的電腦軟件。2.C從第二段的第一句可以看出,David編寫電腦軟件的目的是寫歌劇。A、B和D都屬于創作歌劇的一部分。

3.D第二段的后半部分講的是偉大的歌劇作者與一般的歌劇作者的不同之處是通過對數據 進行淮確的構建、記憶而后創作出新的音樂形式。

4.B從第五段第一句可知Emmy是一計笄機軟件。

5.D從本文第一句可知David是一個作曲家,不是計算機程序員,所以排除A;B、C內容沒有 提及;從本文的第五段和第六段可知,Emmy大大提高了 David的創作速度。

我也能成為巴赫

作曲家大衛?科普發明了一個電腦軟件，它能編寫出古典音樂的原創作品?？破栈?30年才 完成這個軟件，現在，科普的電腦寫出的作品與德國著名作曲家J.S.巴赫寫的作品很相似，很少 有人能分辨出其中不同。

這一切始于1980年的美國，那時科普正在寫一部戲劇，但是他無法創作出新的旋律.于楚他 編寫了一個電腦軟件來幫他編曲。最開始的時候，軟件寫出的樂曲并不動聽?？破帐窃趺醋龅哪兀?他幵始重新考慮人們作曲的方式。他認識到作曲家的大腦就像一個大數據庫，他們先是吸收他們 聽過的所有音樂，然后去除他們不喜歡的，最后再根據留下的音樂來創作出新的旋律?？破照J為，只有偉大的作曲家才能建立好的數據庫，并且能熟記于心，從而創造出新的音樂。

科普根據現有的音樂建立了龐大的數據庳，最開始的時候，數據庫包含了幾百部巴赫的作品?？破盏能浖⑦@些數據進行分析：首先它將音樂拆解成小的片段，從中找出固定模式，然后將片 段組合成新的模式。不久，這個軟件就能夠寫出和巴赫風格很像的小曲子。它們并不完美，但這 只是個開始。科普知道，他要做的還有很多一他得寫出一整部歌劇。他進一步完普他的軟件，不久它就 能夠寫出更復雜的音樂了。他還在數據庫中加人了一些其他作曲家的作品，其中也包括他自己的作品。幾年后，科普的軟件“艾米”已經能夠幫助他創作歌劇了。創作過程餹要作曲家和艾米共同 配合。科贅聆聽艾米寫出的音樂片段，從中選取他認為好的。有了艾米的幫助，科蓊只用了兩個 星期就完成了這部歌劇，叫做《搖籃墜落》。演出獲得巨大成功，科普也得到了他有生以來最高 的評價，但是沒有人知道他究竟是怎樣創作出這部歌劇的。

從那以后，艾米已經寫了上千部作品。科普現在依然會給艾米反饋，吿訴她自己哪些音樂是 他喜歡的，哪些是不喜歡的，但是現在大部分艱巨的工作是由艾米來完成的！

第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience

Shimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps the music pumping based on listener feedback.The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，” said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator.He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco.A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone.Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready.For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound.Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo.If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion.Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph.D.candidate Mason Bretan.“Shimi shows us that robots can be creative and interactive.’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume.The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities.“I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech.Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season.“If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun，，Weinberg said.“They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service robots in our lives.” 詞匯：

pump v.用抽水機抽;不斷播放（音樂）scan v.掃描;瀏覽 skip v.輕跳，跳躍

sync n.同步，同時;v.使同步 tempo n.速度;節奏 注釋：

1.Georgia Tech:全稱是Georgia Institute of Technology,佐治亞理工學院，建于1885 年，位于亞特蘭大市中心。佐治亞理工學齒是美國南部最大的公立理工學院,也是全美最頂尖的理工學院之一，排名僅次于麻省理工學院(MIT)和加州理工學院(CalTech)。2.pump:不斷播放(音樂）。例如:This radio station recently pumps out pop music.(這家廣播電臺近來連續播放流行音樂。)3.smartphone-enabled:由智能手機系統支持的

4.is billed as:相當于is advertised as，意為“被標榜為”。5.docking station: 插接站,擴充基座，擴展插口

-6.Android:(科幻小說里的)機器人。本文指用于智能手機和便攜式計算機移動設備的一種以Linus為基礎的開放源代碼操作系統，通過接口和插槽連接多種外部設備。目前Android 尚未有統一中文譯名，國內較多人翻譯成“安卓”或“安致”。據2012年2月數據, Android 占據全球智能手機操作系統市場52.5%的份額,中國市場占有率為68.4%。7.dock：對接

8.the sensing and musical generation capabilities:傳感和音樂生成能力 9.app:應用程序（=application)10.if the user taps a beat:如果用戶打出某個(音樂）拍子 11.in the works:正在準備階段;在進行中或準備中 12.intelligent service robots:智能服務型機器人 練習：

1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs? A Shimi is a one-foot tall robot.B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.C Shimi is a docking station with a“ brain” powered by an Android phone.D Shimi can gain the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device.2.What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat? A It stores the beat in the musical library.B It transmits the beat to the docking station.C It positions its speakers for optimal sound.D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3.Which of the following about Shimi is true? A Robots are limited by their programming instructions, and Shimi is no exception.B Present apps allow the user to shake their head to alert Shimi to skip to the next song.C Existing apps allow the user to wave a hand to alert Shimi to turn up/down the volume.D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4.What does the author want to tell us? A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.B Weinberg only expects staffs from Georgia Tech.to develop more apps for Shimi.C Shimi is not yet technologically ready for commercialization.D Robots such as Shimi are created for large corporations rather than homes.5.Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?

A Shimi as a robotic musical companion can be applied to all types of smart phones.B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.C Shimi's creative and interactive capabilities are appreciated by most of its users.D Weinberg has reached an agreement with Georgia Tech to commercialize Shimi.答案與題解：

1.B在前三段中均可找到與選項A、C、D相應的句子，強調Shimi是一種電子設備;B與原文不符, Shimi不是該機器人的發明者,Gil Weinberg教授才是the robot’s creator。

2.D選項D簡要地表述了第三段的倒數第二句“If the user taps a beat, Shimi analyzes it, scans the phone’s musical library and immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion”的意思,所以是答案。選項A、B、C都不符合上述句子的含義。

3.D選項A的意思與原文相反。雖然人們認為機器人受到程序指令的限制，但Shimi卻表現出具有創造能力和互動能力，所以A不是答案。選項D的意思與原文相同，因而是答案。第四段第三句指的是未來的應用程序: future apps in the works,而選項B,C是指目前的應用程序，兩者的表述均與原文有出入。4.A第三段介紹Shimi的多種功能，第四段和第五段說Weinberg還在開發更多的應用程序來豐富Shimi的功能，還希望其他研發者也參與開發，因此，A是答案。選項B說Weinberg 僅僅希望Georgia Tech員工參與開發更多的應用軟件，這與原文不符。文章最后一段告訴我們,Weinberg正在與Georgia Tech進行有關Shimi商業化的談判,選項C的意思與此相反，不會是答案。選項D也與原文不符。5.B選項A、C和D的內容Weinberg都沒有說過。第三段告訴我們，Shimi是Android smart phone的擴充基座，并不適用于所有智能手機，所以A選項不正確；Shimi尚未進入市場，還談不上公眾對Shimi欣賞與否的問題，因此選項C不符合原意；Shimi正在進行商業化運作，但絕非已經完成，所以D也不是正確選項。本題的答案是B,依據是最后一段倒數第二句。

譯文：

Shimi是由佐治亞理工大學音樂技術中心研發的一款音樂伴侶。它可以根據聽者的反饋推薦合乎節拍的歌曲、舞蹈；并且不斷播放音樂。這款髙1英尺的機器人是由智能手機系統支持的，因此被標榜為“一個可以互動的音樂朋友”。

Gil Weinberg教授是該機器人的發明者，他解釋說：“Shimi設計的宗旨是改變人們欣賞音樂、認識音樂的方式?！彼麑⒃诮衲?月27日在舊金山的谷歌I/O大會上展示這款機器人。一個由三個機器人組成的樂隊將為來賓演奏，并伴隨音樂起舞。而音樂是根據不同的運動形式編制的。

Shimi實際上是一個擴充基座，它的“大腦”由安卓手機控制。一旦連接上，機器人便從用戶的移動裝置獲得傳感和音樂生成能力。換言之，只要有應用程序，機器人便能使用。例如，通過手機的照相機和辨認臉型的軟件，Shimi就能在房間周圍跟蹤到聽眾，然后安置好它的“耳朵”或揚聲器，以確保輸送最佳聲音。另外一種識別特征是基于節奏和速度。如果用戶打出某個（音樂）拍子，Shimi會對此進行分析，然后瀏覽手機的音樂庫，并立即演奏最符合要求的音樂。一旦音樂響起來，Shimi就隨韻律起舞。

“許多人認為機器人受到程序指令的限制，而Shiini給我們展示了機器人可以具有創造力和與人交互的能力?！币魳芳夹g博士研究生Mason Bretan如是說。正在研發中的程序將使用戶能溝通過搖頭或擺手表示不同意，來提醒Shimi跳到下一首歌或增減音量。機器人還可根據用戶對歌曲的選擇推薦新音樂，并對音樂播放列表提供反饋。

Weinberg希望其他研發者會因此獲得靈感，開發更多的應用程序，來擴展Shimi的創新和交互功能。他說：“我認為我們中心正在引領這場將更多機器人應用到家庭中去的變革。” Weinberg正在通過獲得佐治亞理工學院的獨家授權來對Shimi進行商業推廣。Weinberg希望到2013年的節日季消費者可購買到Shimi。Weinberg說：“如果機器人進入家庭，我們認為就應該是這種類型的機器人：小巧、令人愉快和有趣，它們能提高我們的生活質量，為更多智能服務型機器人進人我們的生活做好準備。

第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep

Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet． Yet，just a small fraction of the undcrwaler world has been uxplored． Now，Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution(WHOI)in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters(21,320 feet)．The new machine，known as a manned submersible or human-operated vehicle(HOV)，will replace another one named Alvin2 which bas an amazing

record of discovery，playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions．Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters(14,784 feet)．It’s about time for an upgrade，WHOI researchers say．

Alvin was launched in 1964．Since then，Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year，says Daniel Fornari，a marine geologist and director of the Deep Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI．During its lifetime，Alvin has carried some 12,000 people on a total of more than 3,000 dives． A newer，better versions of Alvin is bound to reveal even more surprises ahout a world that is still full of mysteries，Fornari says．It might also make the job of exploration a little easier．“We take so much for granted on land,” Fornari says．“We can walk around and see with our eyes how big things are． We can see colors，special arrangements．”

Size-wise，the new HOV will be similar to Alvin．It’ll be about 37 feet long．The setting area inside will be a small sphere，about 8 feet wide，like Alvin，it’ll carry a pilot and two passengers．It will be just as maneuverable．In most other ways，it will give passengers more opportunities to enjoy the view，for one thing．Alvin has only three windows，the new vehicle will have five，with more overlap so that the passengers and the pilot can see the same thing．

Alvin can go up and down at a rate of 30 meters every second，and its maximum speed is 2 knots(about 2．3 miles per hour)，while the new vehicle will be able to ascend and descend at 44 meters per second．It’ll reach speeds of 3 knots，or 3．5 miles per hour． 詞匯：

fraction/5frAkFEn/n．一部分 dive/daiv/v．＆ n．潛水；跳水

underwater/5QndE5wC:tE(r)/adj． bound/baund /adj．受約束的，一定的 水下的；adv．在水下

sphere/sfiE(r)/n．球體；范圍 manned/5mAnd/adj．載人的

maneuverable/mE5nu:vErEbl/adj． undersea/5QndEsi:/ adj．海底的，機動的，可調動的 submersible/sQb5mE:sEbl/n．潛艇；潛水器

overlap /5EuvE5lAp/v．＆ n．重疊 upgrade/5Qp^reid/n．升級 ascend/E5send/ v．上升 geologist/dVi5ClEdVist/n．地質學家 注釋： 1． Woods Hole：美國馬薩諸塞州的一個漁村，但同時擁有許多重要研究機構，如：the Marine Biological Laboratory，the Sea Education Association以及the Woods Hole Oceanographic lnstitution。

2． Alvin：世界上第一個深海潛水器，它最有名的深海探測包括1986年對泰坦尼克號殘骸的測量工作。練習：

1． What is Alvin?

A A research institute． B A transporting vehicle． C A submersible． D A scientist．

2． Which of the following statements is NOT a fact about Alvin? A It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters．

B It has played a key role in various important undersea expeditions C It was launched in the sixties of the twentieth century． D It has been used for more than 40 years．

3． “．．．a world that is still full of mysteries” refers to A the earth． B out space． C the ocean． D Mars．

4． In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin similar? A Size． B Speed． C Capacity． D Shape．

5． In what aspects are the new HOV and Alvin different? A Offering better views． B Speed． C Size．

D Both A and B．

答案與題解：

1． C 短文第一段的第四、第五句提供了答案

2． A 文章第一段從第三句開始說，科學家正在研制一艘可將研究人員帶到6 500米深處的潛水裝置，而它將替代Alvin，因為Alvin只能潛到4 500米深處。A不是事實，所以是正確選擇。

3． C 本文討論探索海底世界的潛水裝置，所以“充滿神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。4． D 第三段的頭三個句子告訴我們，HOV和Alvin在體積上和容量上相似。所以D是正確選擇。

5． D 第三段最后兩句告訴我們，Alvin只有三個窗戶，而HOV有五個。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水裝置的上下活動速度和行進速度有所差別。所以D是正確選擇。譯文： 深海探索器

海洋覆蓋了我們地球三分之二的面積，但被開發的地下水卻只有很小一部分。目前，馬薩諸塞木洞海洋研究所的科學家們正在開發一種能載探索家們深入水下6 500米(21 320英尺)的水下交通丁具。作為一種載人潛艇或人T操作丁具，這種新的機器將替代世界上第一個深海潛水器Alvin。Azui”潛水器已經保持了驚人的紀錄，在各種重要的深海考察中發揮著重要作用。Alvin潛水器已經運行了40年，但它只能深人水下4 500米(14 784英尺)。術洞海洋協會的研究家們說，潛水下具陔升級了。

Alvin潛水器下水始于1964年。海洋地質學家兼木洞海洋學研究所深海探索協會主任Daniel其不意Fornari說，自1 964年后，Alvin潛水器每年運行200～250天。在整個航程巾，它載12 000人進行過3 000多次潛水。

Fornari說，新式的Aluin潛水器必將揭示這個依舊充滿神秘的水下世界的許多奇妙之處。它也可能會使水下探索更容易些。Fornari說：“我們在陸上把許多東兩想當然，我們會四處行走，用我們的雙眼看周同的東兩的大小。我們會看到各種顏色，各種特殊的布置。”

這種新的人工操作機器與Aluin潛水器很相似，大小適中。長約37英，里面環境將是個小球體，約8英尺寬。和Azum一樣，它將載一名宇航員和兩名乘客?？蓽Y動。其他方面。它將使乘客有更多機會欣賞風景，閃為舊式Aluin潛水器只有三個窗，“，新式的將有五個窗戶，其中有很多折疊，乘客和宇航員可以看見相同的事物。

舊式Aluin抽潛水器可以每秒上下30米．最快時速是2節(約2．3英里／小時)；衙新式潛水器將能每秒上下44米，它最快時速將達到3節(3．5英曜/小時)。

第十八篇Thirst for Oil

Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent of about 200 million barrels of oil.Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needs for an entire year, we just need to find an efficient way to use it.So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easier to get at.But as supplies dwindle, this will change, and we will need to cure our addiction to oil.Burning wood satisfied most energy needs until the steam-driven industrial revolution, when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice.Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one quarter of our energy needs, but its use has been declining since we started pumping up oil.Coal is the least efficient, unhealthiest and most environmentally damaging fossil fuel, but could make a comeback, as supplies are still plentiful: its reserves are five times larger than oil’s.Today petroleum, a mineral oil obtained from below the surface of the Earth and used to produce petrol, diesel oil and various other chemical substances, provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles.The US consumes n quarter of all oil, and generates a similar proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.The majority of oil comes from the Middle East, which has half of known reserves.But other significant sources include Russia, North America, Norway, Venezuela and the North Sea.Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source, to reduce reliance on foreign imports.Most experts predict we will exhaust easily accessible reserves within 50 years, though opinions and estimates vary.We could fast reach an energy crisis in the next few decades, when

demand exceeds supply.As conventional reserves become more difficult to access, others such as oil shales and tar sands may be used instead.Petrol could also be obtained from coal.Since we started using fossil fuels, we have released 400 billion tonnes2 of carbon, and burning the entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 130 C.Among other horrors, this would result in the destruction of all rainforests and the melting of all Arctic ice.注釋:

1.Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge:美國阿拉斯加北極國家野生動物保護區。2001年，美國眾議院通過了一項基于布什提出的在那里進行石油開采的議案。該議案遭到環境保護主義組織的反對。因此，目前在該區禁止開采石油。

2.tonne:公噸(= 1,000公斤〉。不同于 ton。ton:在美國等于二千磅(=0.907公噸)，所以稱作 short ton:短噸。練習: 1.“… we will need to cure our addiction to oil.”Why does the author say so? A Most of the energy on Earth comes from the Sun.B Oil supply is increasing all the time.C Demand for oil is increasing all the time.D Oil supply is decreasing.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the author, according to the second paragraph?

A Wood was the fuel of choice before coal.B The use of coal is declining.C Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil.D Coal reserves are plentiful and will be likely to become the major fuel of choice.3.Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum? A The United States.B Russia.C Norway.D Venezuela.4.What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?

A The earth’s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50 years.B There will soon be an energy crisis.C Conventional reserves will soon become inaccessible.D Fuel demand will decline.5.What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuels according to the last paragraph? A Rainforests will be destroyed.B Arctic ice will be melted.C The earth’s temperature will be raised.D The sea level will go up.答案與題解 : 1.D 答案在第一段昀后一句中。這里的 supplies指 oil supplies。

2.C短文的第二段告訴我們，木材曾經是主要燃料來源，然后被煤所替代；自人們開始采油后，對煤的需求下降了，但因為媒的儲量遠大于石油，它可能又會成為主要燃料，盡管它對環境昀具破壞力。所以 A、B、D均是作者的意思，而 C不是。next to oil除石油以外。

3.A文章的第三段說，美國消耗全世界四分之一的石油。

4.B答案在第五段第二句中。該段第一句說，地球上的燃料儲量將在 50年內耗盡，所以 A不是正確選擇；第三句的意思是，常規燃料的獲取將變得困難，而不是不可獲得，所以 C也不是正確選擇； D明顯不是作者的意思。

5.D 選項 A、B、C都是昀后一段中所表達的意思。所以 D是正確選擇。

譯文： 石油匱乏

全世界每天都要消耗相當于億桶石油的能源。地球上的大部分能源來自于太陽。事實上，每分鐘到達地球表層的來自于太陽的能源就足已滿足我們一整年的需求，我們只是需要有效地加以利用而已。到目前為止，石油一直是一種較便宜、易獲得的能源。但當供應縮減時，情況就會改變，我們就不能像現在這樣不加節制地消耗石油了。

在蒸汽工業命時代，高能煤成為首選燃料之前，燃木能滿足大部分能源需求?，F在，煤仍然大量地運用于發電站，滿足我們四分之一的能源需求。但自從我們開始大量開采石油后，煤的使用就已經在逐漸衰退。煤是使用效率最低、最不健康、最不環保的化石燃料，但因其供應充足——煤的儲量是石油的6倍，煤的使用量又有所回升。

今天，石油作為一種從地表層挖掘出，用于生產汽油、柴油和其他各種化學物質的礦物油，供應著大約40%的世界能源需求，其中大部分用于供給機動車輛；美國消耗著世界四分之一的石油，同時排放出大約全球1/4的溫室氣體。

大部分的石油來自中東，牛東擁有50％的世界已勘探石油儲存量。其他的石油產地包括俄羅斯、北美、挪威、委內瑞拉和北海。阿拉斯加北極國家野生動物保護區最新成為美國能源的又一主要供應地，減少了美國對國外進口石油的依賴。

盡管意見和評價各有不同，但大多數專家預測人類將在50年之內輕而易舉地耗盡現行的所有儲備石油。未來的幾十年，當供不應求時我們會很快陷入能源危機。當常規能源不容易獲得時，代之使用的可能是諸如油頁巖和瀝青砂等能源。石油也可從煤中提煉獲得。

自從我們開始使用化石燃料，我們已經釋放出4000億噸碳。當化石燃料全部用完時，世界溫度將上升13攝氏度。更恐怖的是，這將會導致所有熱帶雨林的破壞和北極冰的溶解。

第二十七篇Driven to Distraction

Joe Coyne slides into the driver’s eat, starts up the car and heads to town.The empty stretch of interstate gives way to urban congestion, and Coyne hits the brakes as a pedestrian suddenly crosses the street in front of him.But even if he hadn’t stopped in time, the woman would have been safe.She isn’t real.Neither is the town.And Coyne isn’t really driving.Coyne is demonstrating a computerized driving simulator that is helping researchers at Old Dominion University(ODU)examine how in-vehicle guidance systems affect the person behind the wheel.The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting—or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations.“We’re looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers’ reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues.The researchers just completed a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs.light traffic.Preliminary results show that as people “get into more challenging driving situations, they don’t have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment,” Baldwin said.But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said.This next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers’ mental workload.“Is it best if they see a picture…that shows their position, a map kind of display?” Baldwin said.“Is it best if they hear it?” navigational systems now on the market give point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route.“They’re very unforgiving,” Baldwin said.“If you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.”

That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions.But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said.Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense for people who prefer the survey style, she said.Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said.This explains the classic little thing of why men don’t like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added.練習：

1.Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? A.If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldn’t have hit the woman.B.The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations.C.Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.D.If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her.2.What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? A.Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting.B.how long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli.C.How the driver perform under certain metal workload.D.All of the above.3.What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? A.Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations.B.In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things.C.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.D.Drivers’ mental load remains unchanged under different situations.4.The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers.A.is designing a visual navigational information system.B.is designing an audio navigational information system.C.is designing an audio-visual navigational information system.D.want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.5.What kind of directions do men and women prefer?

A.Women prefer more general directions and men prefer route directions.B.Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route direction.C.Both men and women prefer general directions.D.Both men and women prefer route directions.答案與解釋 : 1.C 根據第一段和第二段的內容，讀者可以知道，這不是 Coyne真實的駕車經歷。第二段的第一句是虛擬語氣，意思是即使他沒有及時剎車，那位婦女也是安全的。因此 A、B和 D都不符合句意。

2.D 第三段告訴我們，研究者要了解什么樣的駕車指南會使回車者分心。第四段告訴我們，他們要研究駕車者在駕駛中的精神負荷，測試駕車者對聲音和圖像的反應，包括反映時間和大腦活動。所以，D是正確選項。

3.C第五段昀后一句提供了答案。

4.D 根據本段第一句可以得知答案。

5.B 文章的昀后四段討論駕車指南的兩種類型：第九段使用的兩個表達是： general instructions和 route directions 即是第八段中的 point-by-point directions that follow a prescribed route；第十段和第十一段使用的表達是：survey style 和 route style。因此，general instructions或 general directions指的是一種傳遞總體信息的駕車指南，point-by-point directions和 route style是一種傳遞具體路線信息的駕車指南。根據昀后一段的描述，大多數男士偏向于 general directions，而女士則偏向于 point-by-point directions，即 route style。

譯文：

分散注意力駕駛

JoeCoyne滑進駕駛室，發動汽車朝城里開去。空蕩蕩的那段州際公路結束了，進入到擁塞的城市。這時，一個行人突然從Coyne的車前穿過，他急忙緊急剎車。

但是，就算Coyne來不及剎車，那個婦女也不會有事兒。因為，她是一個假人。整座城市也是假的。Coyne并不是真的在開車。他只是在演示一個計算機操控的駕駛模擬器，幫助OldDominion大學的研究者們檢測車內導向系統如何影響開車人。

研究者們希望了解駕駛員在陌生環境里從這一系統提供的那些語音或書面的說明中得到的導路指南等益處是否抵消了這些東西引起的注意力不集中的問題。

主持研究的心理學副教授CarylBaldwin說：“我們一直關注著駕駛員的表現和精神負荷”這包括駕駛員在對聽覺和視覺提示做出反應時的反應時間和大腦活動。

研究人員剛剛完成了一項關于在不同環境中，如交通暢通或交通擁擠時駕駛員精神負

荷的調查。Baldwin說，初步的調查結果顯示人們“在更富有挑戰性的環境中駕駛時，并不會對周圍環境的變化做出更大的反應?！?/p>

她說，兩種提示的交替使用還是有效的。下一步，他們將測試為駕駛員提供導向信息的不同方法以及這些方法如何改變駕駛員的精神負荷。

Baldwin說：“是給駕駛員看類似地圖那樣的顯示圖片好，還是讓他們聽到指示信息好呢？”

現在市場上的導向系統會給出點對點的方向信息，同時還會提供預定的路線。Baldwin說：“這些系統通常不會原諒人的錯誤。如果駕駛員錯過了一個轉變，它們就會變得非常生氣?！?/p>

這種提供方向信息的方式通常會使更喜歡籠統信息的駕駛員產生一種受挫感。Baldwin說，籠統的信息卻會使更喜歡線路批示的駕駛員感到困惑。

她說，也許，是系統制造商們應該允許駕駛員能夠選擇自己喜歡的指示方式，或者使系統能夠為更喜歡調查信息方式的駕駛員提供有用的信息。

有意思的是，其他研究者表示60%的男性更喜歡這種提供調查信息的導向系統，而60%的女性則更喜歡線路指示系統。Baldwin說，這也就可以解釋那個為什么女人喜歡下車問路，而男人卻不的經典例子。

第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine

A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning what's happening in their brains.When you look at something, your eyes send a signal about that object to your brain.Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send.Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processing.The fMRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)2 brain scans could generally match electrical activity in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at.Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen.Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume.The more active a region of the brain, the more active its neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region.And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize3 which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood--and therefore, which parts are working to process information.An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures changes in blood flow to the brain.The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading.By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientists determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images.The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits.The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the volunteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at.Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity.The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes see.In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures.Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image.This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image.For example, if a scan in the second test showed the same pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.詞匯：

scan v.&n.掃描 visualize v.使可見；設想

neuron n.神經元

注釋:

1.Mind-reading: 能讀出(猜出)人的想法的。mind-read: 可做動詞，如，As a successful salesman, he is able to mind-read his customers.2.FMRI(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging): 功能性磁振造影。這是一種新興的神經影像學方式，其原理是利用磁振造影來測量神經元活動所引發之血液動力的改變。

3.visualize: 意為make(something)visible to the eye，即“使可見，使顯現”。

練習:

1.What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? A）A small region of the brain.B）The central part of the brain.C）Neurons in the brain.D）Oxygen-rich blood.2.Which of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer? A）Ceils in your brain are called neurons.B）The more oxygen a neuron consumes, the more blood it needs.C）FMRI helps scientists to discover which parts of the brain process information.D）fMRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently.3.“Highlighting the areas of the brain at work” means

A）“marking the parts of the brain that are processing information”

B）“giving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information” C）“putting the parts of the brain to work”

D）“stopping the parts of the brain from working”

4.What did the researchers experiment on? A）Animals, objects, and fruits.B）Two volunteers.C）fMRI machines.D）Thousands of pictures.5.Which of the following can be the best replacement of the tide? A）The Recent Development in Science and Technology.B）Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.C）A Technological Dream.D）A Device that can Help You Calculate.答案與題解：

1.C 文章第二段的最后兩個句子提供了答案。Cells in your brain called neurons are responsible for this processin9．這里的processin9指的就是上句中的內容。

2.D 的電容文章中沒有出現。A的內容在第二段可找到。B的內容在第二段可找到。C的內容在第五段可找到。

3.A highlight：使…顯得突出，標出。at work：正在工作的。這里指正在處理信息的(大腦區域)。

4.B答案在文章的第六段中可以找到。實驗者讓兩個自愿受試者觀看許多照片，并用fMRI對設備測試他們的大腦在這一過程中的活動。

5．B

A論述的范圍太大。fMR技術已不再是夢想，所以C也不是正確選擇。D所述內容與文章完全不符。B符合文章內容，是最佳選擇。

譯文：

讀心機

一個加州的研究團隊開發了一種可以通過掃描人體大腦所發生的變化從而預測出這個人正在看一些什么樣的物體的方法。

當你注視一些物體時，你的眼睛會發送一個關于該物體的信號到你的大腦中。大腦的不同區域處理眼睛發送的這些信號。大腦中負責這個過程的細胞叫做神經元。

FMBI(功能性磁振造影)腦掃描可以大體地比較大腦中人們對所觀察物體基本形狀的電運動。

像身體中其他地方的細胞一樣，活躍的神經元細胞也需要氧氣。血液為神經元提供氧氣，神經元越活躍，對氧氣量的需求越大。大腦中越是活躍的區域，它的神經元也就越活躍，為此，更多的血液會流經這一區域。那么通過使用FMBI，科學家可以使大腦中接收相對多的富氧血液的部分可視化。因此，可視化的部分就是處理信息的部分

FMRI機是一種可以掃描大腦和測量流向大腦的血液變化的設備。這項技術為研究者顯示，當人們思考觀察進行像說話閱讀這樣的活動時，大腦運動的變化。通過突出顯示人們觀

看不同圖像時頭腦工作的區域，FMRI可以幫助科學家們確定與不同圖像相關的大腦活動的具體形式。

加州的研究者讓兩個志愿者觀察數百個諸如人、動物和水果這樣的日常事物。他們用這樣方式來測試大腦的活動?？茖W家使用FMRI機來記錄志愿者看每一張圖片時大腦的活動。顯示這一活動時，不同物體會使志愿者大腦的不同區域在掃描時亮度增加。科學家利用此信息來建立一種模式去預測大腦對所看到事物可能如何反映。

在第二個測試中，科學家讓志愿者看120個新圖像。和以前一樣，他們每看一張新圖像時大腦都被掃描一次。這次，科學家用他們的模式來比較FMRI掃描的圖像。例如，如果圖像在第二次測試顯示相同的形式的大腦活動，同時，該腦活動與在第一次測試中蘋果圖片有大關聯，那么這個模式可能會預測出志愿者們正在看一些蘋果。

第四篇：2012職稱英語押題

To Have and have not 1.why did the writer want to to have a change of scene 2.what attracted the writer the light coming from inside 3.the writer found the stock of top quality 4.what was unusual about the she seemed to know him 5.the writer disliked the back he saw nothing he really like

Going Her Own Way 1.maria wanted to attend technical high school 2.in those days,most Italian girls did not go to high school 3.you can infer from this passage only boys usually attend 4.maria’s father probably had very traditional views 5.high school teachers in Italy in quite strict

A Tale of Scottish Rural Life 1.what is sunset song mainly

the lives of rural Scottish 2.which statement is not true she married only once

3.what is the opening section

the history of kinraddie 4.who are responsible for ewan

the germans

5.the word sunset occurring in

the end of traditional life

Pop Music in Africa

1.this passage is about how

more serious than most 2.for people outside of Africa

both familiar and different 3.the musicians mentioned in

write about serious problems 4.eric wainaina music in boston 5.witness mwaijaga writes about

she has had a difficult life

Why So Many Children 1.in a traditional agricultural

can be an advantage 2.when countries become

the birth rate generally 3.according to this passage

industrialized low birth 4.Saudi Arabia is mentioned

Factors other than the 5.In mexico,Thailand,and

Has tried to improve the

EAT to Live

1.which of the following not

we have to begin dieting 2.why does the author mention

to illustrate the effect of 3.what can be inferred about

they are more likely to suffer 4.which of the following most

the mice that started dieting 5.according to the last two

dieting is not a good method

New us Plan for Disease Prevention 1.which is not true of chronic

they often result in unhealthy 2.the author mentions all the

higher survival rate for cancer 3.the article indicates that more

much less money needed for 4.the $15 million program is

promoting disease prevention 5.early cancer screening can help

cancer death rate

The Operation of International Airlines 1.in operating airlines it is essential

cater to the need of passengers 2.the following are all mentioned

the tourist industry is experiencing

3.the improvements the airlines

showing more movies during 4.there is not much the airlines

speeding up customs procedure 5.which of the following is a bad

travel on the flight they booked

Sauna

1.ceremonial bathing various forms 2.what is understood by some

saunas with smoke

3.according to the third except

curing asthma

4.according to the fourth because

pores are cleaned by sweat 5.who are advised not to take

all of the above

Can Buildings Be Designed to Resist 1.the question raised in the first

that was never thought of before 2.the project funded by the national

was to find out why some buildings 3.the column mentioned by dr.was part of the building close to 4.A surprising discovery made by

Some floor framing systems are 5.What dr.reinhorn said in the last

Blast engineering emerges as a Americans Get Touchy 1.the word “practically”in the

nearly 2.which is not among the embrace 3.some parents tearchers excep diseases could be transmitted 4.which following is true in some countries,it’s usual 5.we can infer that

positive

Women Staying in Mini-Skirts for 1.debenhams could most a department store 2.british women are happy the climate of great britain 3.we can infer from the second most women no longer wore 4.which following statements true from the age of 23,skirt length 5.the word “zoom” in the first soar

Defending the Theory of Evolution 1.according to the first paragraph school boards oppose AIBS’s 2.which one of not the reason darwin’s theory is denied as 3.AIBS is composed

more than 80

4.According to weis in the 5th

Is fundamental to the 5.Why do people replace the

The term creationism is too

Narrow Escape

1.why was it “too late” by the

rocks loosened by melting 2.the first reason given to

that climbers above you 3.what is likely to be cailloux

rocks are falling

4.what is sarcastic in the words

being hit by a rock isn’t 5.in what sense was toby ”safe”

the overhanging rock would

Finding Enlightenment in Scotland 1.scotland is thought to have

the ideas proposed by some 2.which of the following

to find ways to improve 3.smith’s idea of “enlightened

the prosperity of all nations 4.which of the following true

it is still alive in a broad sense 5.the institute for system level

the tradition of Scottish higher

The Beginning of American Literature 1.what does “that hope” in

the hope to start a new life 2.when did American literature

long before the year 1,000 3.what can we learn from the

about the everyday life of 4.the main purpose of the last

early-day experience 5.which of the following true

some british writers had great

Older Volcanic Eruptions

1.why did older volcanic eruptions

they killed off life more 2.how did wignall calculate

by comparing the proportion 3.when did dinosaurs become

million years ago 4.what can be inferred from

the cause of their extinction 5.what is the main thesis of

older volcanic eruptions were

School Lunch

Properly

provide choose finding Standards portion examined Consume understanding increased Criticize nutritional affect habits

prevent

A Powerful Influence

Ever Curious harmful staring at

absorbed

Make word holding Steps negotiating seriously discuss

Necessarily

absolutely going

The Old Gate

Reasons diseases demolished

Stroke actual boundary storage Unfashionable maintain set up Preservation down replaced Chance job

Family History

Attracted

find

fairly

one

Going

decision quite

cause Avoided

connected

treat

for way

get

might

Helen and Martin

Would up weakened curiosity Become warning bothered Confidence ignoring through Gaining on took help quiet

第五篇：2014職稱英語押題 理工C 完型填空[定稿]

完型填空：

第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend

It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land，”__7__ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cook’s fans __ 12 __ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was __13 __ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a __14__ from Britain.“But I am __15__ that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’ 練習：

1.A.finally

B.firstly

C.lately

D.usually 2.A.whose

B.who

C.which

D.what 3.A.some

B.none

C.neither

D.no

4.A.cinema

B.exhibition

C.shop

D.market 5.A.must

B.did

C.has to

D.does

6.A.discovering

B.visiting

C.traveling

D.using 7.A.then

B.now

C.past

D.previously 8.A.how

B.where

C.when

D.that 9.A.conversation

B.fight

C.meal

D.dance 10.A.however

B.until

C.after

D.whenever 11.A.helpfully

B.usefully

C.likely

D.readily 12.A.refuse

B.return

C.regain

D.reply 13.A.collected

B.washed

C.stored

D.buried

14.A.statement

B.suggestion

C.proposal

D.guess 15.A.safe

B.weak

C.sure

D.lucky 參考答案：

1.A.分析：借助搭配“..地已經結束了..”直接判斷A(最終地)

2.B.分析：考察定語從句，從句需要主語，且該主語指代Captain James Cook，所以B合適。D。分析：考察否定副詞。借助搭配特點—空格后直接出現了名詞，所以D是答案(no否定名詞)

4.B.分析：借助句子中的相關詞語museum(博物館)..display(陳列)直接猜測答案為B(展覽會)

5.D.分析：借助上文時態—一般將來時，及與空格處的搭配結構—‘“考古發現：澳大利亞博物館的寶藏”…包括..’直接判斷D為答案該題考點：上下文時態和定語從句。

6.A。分析：借助句子中出現的詞語：explorers(探險家)…Great South Land，判斷A(發現)是答案。

7.B。分析：該題考察插入語結構(插入語結構往往是對前面的名詞/代詞進行描述，或補充說明，該結構往往以定語(定語從句)，狀語(狀語從句)，或同位語的語法結構形式出現)

8.C.分析：空格前出現典型時間詞1824，空格后是句子，所以直接判斷when 可能是答案?？疾欤憾ㄕZ從句結構。

9.B.分析：該題考察上下文內容的呼應：前面出現“被棍棒打死”，所以這里選擇B(打仗)最合適。

10.B.分析：借助空格所在結構的特點和搭配結構含義(持續到..)直接判斷答案B(直到)。

11.C.分析：分析：根據空格相關結構含義(不是由cook的骨頭制成，而是更..是由動物的骨頭制成)判斷C是答案。

12.A.分析：直接借助搭配結構特點(v.+ to 引導的不定式結構)判斷A是答案。

13.D.分析：借助上文句意和該句句意(不是所有的cook的尸體都在1779年被。海里)判斷D(埋葬)是答案。

14.A.分析：借助被選項的關系：suggestion和 proposal是近義詞，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比較A和D，判斷A((來自倫敦的)聲明)正確。

15．C本題要選sure，表示Cliff Thornton對sure后面的that從句表達的將要發生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的詞義與句子表達的意思不符。

譯文：庫克船長弓箭的傳說

這本是個絕妙的傳說，但DNA測試最終結束了這個長達兩個世紀之久的古老故事。傳說是關于一支據說是用1779年在桑偉奇群島死去的英國探險家船長詹姆士庫克的遺骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。

在不久前DNA 證據宣布該弓箭并非來自于庫克船長的遺骨時，奧大利亞博物館收藏經理尤大書?菲利普說：“澳大利亞博物館里并沒有庫克的遺骨?！钡@并不能停止博物館在展覽會 2

上展出弓箭。“考古發現：澳大利亞博物館的寶藏”展覽中的確還展示了一個在1778年夏威夷國王卡蘭尼歐普送給庫克的一個羽毛斗篷。

庫克是英國最偉大探險家之一，他在1770年發現了“南大陸”，也就是現在的澳大利亞。此后在桑偉奇群島被棒擊致死。

庫克弓箭傳說始于1824年，當時夏威夷國王卡莫哈莫哈在彌留之際將弓箭賜給了庫克妻子的親戚，一名倫敦外科醫生威廉正當斯，并告訴他弓箭是在那次致命毆打后用庫克的遺骨做成的。

在19世紀90年代，弓箭被交給澳大理亞博物館。這個傳說直到與科學直接接觸才停止。據菲利普說，澳大利亞和新西蘭的試驗室的DNA測試證實弓箭并非取材于庫克的遺骨，而更可能來自動物的骨頭。

但是，庫克迷們卻不肯放棄希望。他們期待庫克傳說之一將會被證明是正確，并且他人部分遺骨還會被發現。正如他們所說，有證據表明庫克的遺骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。庫克船長協會的會長克利夫托馬森在一個來自英國的聲明中說：“在這個問題上，科技取得了勝利。我堅信某一天庫克傳說之一將會被證明是真的?！?/p>

這聽起來完全不對——在一塊木頭里面鉆些洞讓它更耐敲打。但是這確實有效，因為擊打產生的能量分散到了整塊木頭上，而不是集中于一個薄弱點。這個發展應該導致更有效和更輕的包裝材料的產生。

木匠們幾個世紀以來都知道一些木頭比另一些更結實。例如山胡桃木被用做斧柄和輪輻，因為它可以承受振擊而不會斷裂。列如白橡木容易損壞得多，盡管它的質地一樣細密。巴斯大學的Julian Vincent和他的研究小組都認為木頭的內部結構能夠解釋這些不同。

許多樹都有導管，這些導管通向樹干上方，把水輸到葉子。在橡木里，這些管道很大，而且是呈窄帶狀，但是在山胡桃木中這些管道小得多，而且分布得更平均。研究者們認為這個布局能夠分散打擊的能量到整塊木頭止，以此吸收較重的打擊。為了測試這個理論，他們在一塊沒有管道的云杉木上鉆了一些0.65毫米的洞，發現它能夠承受重大的打擊。只有當每平方厘米超過30個孔時，木頭抵御敲打的表現才會減弱。均勻的物質不太好抵御敲打，因為受到影響的只有一小部分物質，來自打擊的所有能量在折斷材料時都集中在一兩個地方，留下的散片常常沒有受到破壞。

Vincent說，這些洞可以提供很多薄弱點，當它們破裂時一起吸收能量，而不是使能量聚在一個地方。“你可以控制木頭斷裂的地方，它還可以吸收更多的能量，更安全?！?研究人員相信，這個原則可用于任何一種材料，例如可用于制造更輕、保護力更強的包裝物。斯圖加特的Max Plank金屬研究學院的Ulrike Wegst說，這一原則還可用在汽車的減震器、保護杠和軍事車輛的裝甲板等東西上。但是她強調說你需要設計材料時考慮力的方向。她說：“負荷的方向是很關鍵的?！?/p>

第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are____1____ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ cause an avalanche, ____4____ acomplex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than25degrees or steeper than60degrees typically have a low

____5____ of avalanche.Snow does not____6____ significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not ____7____ easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest1 is____8____ 35 and45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is38degrees.The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is____9____ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with ____10____;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, die more lijkely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous____11____， including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also____13____ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.詞匯：

avalanche n.雪崩 snowpack n.積雪場 terrain n.地形，地勢

steep adj.險峻的，陸峭的 trigger v.引起，激發 incidence n.發生(率)ski v.滑雪

complexity n.復雜性 注釋：

1.angle of rest：這里指積雪保持靜止的角度。

2.rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法則，經驗法則' 3.Additionally：是一個副詞，用來引人新的事實或論點，意為“此外”。4.backcountry：人煙稀少的地區 練習：

1.A among

B of

C to

D in 2.A when B that

C who

D whose 3.A mostly

B likely

C clearly

D surely 4.A are

B will be

C is

D was 5.A weight

B form

C risk

D work 6.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 7.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 8.A among

B between

C with

D for 9.A thick

B thin

C flat

D rocky 10.A use

B time

C snow

D rain 11.A journey

B trip

C fact

D process

12.A conditions

B reports

C forecast

D event 13.A increase

B reduce

C improve

D remove

14.A price

B effort

C attention

D money 15.A missing

B grown

C big

D fresh 答案與題解：

1.A 表“雪崩是山上可能發生的最大危險之一”的意思，因此應該選擇among(在……之中)。

2.B 從該句的語法結構上來看，此處需要一個關系代詞，代替slope，所以that是最佳選擇。選項A、C、D均不符合語法。

3.B 選項A不合語法，C和D符合語法，但不符合常識：過度的雪的積壓可能導致雪崩，而不是必定導致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

4.C 該句的主語是Determining the critical load，從上下文來看應該使用一般現在時，所以C是正確答案。

5.C 要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合邏輯，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解釋了low risk of avalanche的道理，更證實了選risk是正確的。

6.D 第6題和第7題可以一起考慮。整個句子的意思是：在較陡峭的坡面上，雪不會大量堆積。在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會輕易滑動。

7.B 見注釋6。

8.B 理解了句子的意思就不難判斷選項：雪在靜止狀態下，角度在35° ~45°之間，最可能發生人為觸發的雪崩。between：在……之間。

9.C 這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發生雪崩，即A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此作“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。

10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇,整個句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能發生。

11.D 盡管選項A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因為該段描寫的是如何防備雪崩以及如何做好安全措施等一系列問題。

12.A 選項A、B、C都可以與weather搭配，但是根據上下文，只有A最為符合文章的內容。

13.B 選項A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因為不可能完全消除雪崩的隱患。

14.C 該句主句使用的是被動語態，第二個動詞是pay attention to的被動形式。選項A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

15.A 該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，即認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。選項B、C、D均不符合句意。

譯文：雪崩和安全問題

雪崩是雪摻雜著空氣和水沿著山體突然迅猛地滑動造成的。雪崩是造成山區人們生命和財產安全的最大危險之一。

所有雪崩都是由于物質的過渡負荷造成，通常是積雪堆積過厚，很不穩固，超出了山坡面的承載能力。要確定山坡的臨界承載量，可能造成突然雪崩的負荷量是一項很復雜的任務，需要衡量多個因素。

通常傾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡發生雪崩的危險要小一些。積雪不會在陡峭的山坡上大量堆積，同樣也不會在平緩的山坡上快速滑動。當雪在靜止狀態下的角度在35_45度之間，最可能發生人為觸發的雪崩。人為引發雪崩的臨界角度是38度，是最易人為引發雪崩的角度。常規經驗是：一個平緩的足以堆積積雪，同時陡峭的適合人們滑雪的山坡，無論角度如何，都有可能產生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危險隨著使用的增加而增加，換言之，滑雪者活動得越頻繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的復雜性，冬天在人煙稀少的地區旅行從來不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一個連續的過程，包括選擇路線、檢查積雪、了解天氣狀況及其他人為因素。以下幾個廣為人知的好習慣也可以降低風險：如果當地權威部門發布了雪崩警報，你應當予以考慮，加以注意。絕不要不加審度，就立刻接受他人意見。積雪自形成的那時就幾乎注定要發生變化。認真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。不要在那些可能引發雪崩的人或事物下面行走。

第四篇Animal’s “Sixth Sense”

A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.Wild animals,____1____, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for____2____, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly____3____ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not____4____ a dead rabbit.I think animals can____5____ disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening,” H.D.Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack.The____6____ washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife____7____ and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of____8____ evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior____9____ at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no____10____ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2，” he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this____11____ ·

“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain____12____ especially birds...there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters/’ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals____13____ rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or____14____ other mythical power — is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Larika’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls____15____ omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.詞匯：

tsunami n.海嘯

trigger v.引發，觸發 ravaged adj.被毀壞的 leopard n.豹 eruption n.噴發 migrate v.遷移

volcanic adj.火山的

concur v.(with)同意，贊成 impending adj.迫近的 predator n.食肉動物 mythical adj.神話般的 owl n.貓頭鷹

omen n.預兆，征兆 endow v.賦予 注釋：

1.adds weight to notions that：更加相信

2.field setting：field意為“實地，野外”，setting意為“環境”。field setting可譯為“野外環境”。3.enduring one：由來已久的信念。one指代在句首出現的notion。enduring意為“持久的，永久的”。練習：

1.A therefore

B however

C although

D whatever 2.A shelters

B foods

C disasters

D water 3.A missed

B protected

C raised

D caught 4.A such

B too

C so

D even 5.A feel

B see

C hear

D sense

6.A waves

B tides

C winds

D rivers 7.A birthplaces

B playground

C reserve

D storage 8.A experimental

B apparent

C scientific

D chemical 9.A specialist

B assistant

C supporter

D sponsor 10.A additional

B specific

C especial

D exceptional 11.A modification

B detection

C assessment

D value 12.A route

B behavior

C principle

D phenomenon 13.A unwillingly

B occasionally

C doubtfully

Dcertainly 14.A some

B much

C many

D few 15.A on

B as

C for

D in 答案與題解：

1.B 第一句說的是海嘯造成了巨大的人員傷亡，第二句說的是動物能逃脫海嘯的襲擊。兩

句意思相反，所以要用however承接上文。

2.C 上文說的是：海嘯是一種自然災害，所以“sixth sense”范圍只能是disasters，不能是shelters，foods或water。

3.A 本句繼續在對比海嘯造成的人員傷亡和動物能逃脫海嘯這一現象。答案應該是選項A(missed)。其他三個選項的詞義與上下文都不相配。

4.D 從上下文判斷，本句的意思應該是：沒有大象死亡，甚至連一只野兔或兔子也沒有死亡。“甚至”的英語是even。

5.D 全文說的是動物的第六感覺，而feel(觸覺)，see，hear都屬于前五個感覺，所以不是正確答案。

6.A 本說的是海的巨浪將洪水帶到離海岸遠達2英里的地方。正確答案應該是waves。

7.C 從上下文判斷，本句的意思應該是：Yala國家公園是斯里蘭卡野生動物最大的保護區，而birthplaces(出生地)、playground(操場)和storage(儲存)都與上下文表達的意思接不上，因此不是答案。reserve的意思是“保護區”，不是“儲備”或“保留”。因此，選項C是答案。

8.B 下一句說，這些跡象(evidence)并沒有被證實。因此，這些跡象不可能是scientific的。而experimental和chemical的詞義與上下文不配合，因此也不是答案。只有apparent(明顯的)與上下文的意思相配。apparent的跡象還需得到科學的驗證。

9.A 在動物園里工作并發表對動物行為的專業性見解的人一定是專家學者(specialist)。其他三個選項都不合適。

10.B 本段第一句是說明為什么evidence沒有得到科學驗證。原因是科學家無法在實驗室或野外進行特定的實驗，以驗證動物預見災難的第六感覺。理解了上下文的意思，就知道選specific是最合適的。其他三個選項的詞義與上下文不符，additional，especial和exceptional分別是“額外的”、“特別的”和“例外的”意思。

11.C concurred with(同意)支配的賓語應該是view，opinion，judgment這一類詞。前面句子說的是某位科學家指出無法驗證動物預見災難的第六感覺的困難所在，其他專家也同意這一看法，所以選assessment是正確的。

12.D 本句說的是動物特別是鳥有捕捉災難來臨前某些征兆的能力。route(路線)、behavior(行為)和principle(原則)與上述意思相去甚遠，只有phenomenon是答案。

13.D 根據常識判斷，動物是要依賴味覺、聽覺等逃避食肉動物的攻擊。unwillingly(不情愿地)occasionally(偶爾)和doubtfully(懷疑地)與上述意思有俘，只有certainly是合適的選項。

14.A 從本句的意思判斷，應該是“某種神奇的能力”,所以要選some。

15.B 本句的意思是“將……看成”，而英語的用詞是see...as，所以要選as。

譯文：動物的“第六感”

2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引發的海嘯造成亞洲和東非數萬人死亡。但野生動物們似乎躲過了可怕的海嘯的襲擊。有專家表示，這進一步證實了動物對自然災難有“第六感”的觀點。斯里蘭卡負責野生動物的官員表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海島沿岸，淹死了兩萬四千多人，但野生動物似乎都幸免于難，目前尚未發現一具動物的尸體。

斯里蘭卡野生動物部門的副部長H.D.拉特納亞克在海嘯襲擊過后一個月說道：“沒有一頭大象死亡，甚至沒有一只野兔死亡。我認為動物能夠感知災難。它們有‘第六感’，它們知道災難何時發生?！焙：闆_向離岸二英里遠的亞拉國家公園，這里是斯里蘭卡最大的野生動物保護區，生活著幾百頭野生大象和一些美洲豹，海嘯引發的洪水使亞拉國家公園所在的東南部地區變得一片狼藉。

“每當火山爆發或地震發生前，動物們的行為就會發生許多異常，比如犬吠或鳥類遷徙，但這些現象尚未得到科學證明?！蹦戏羌s翰內斯堡動物園的動物行為專家馬修·范·利羅普說。他對路透社記者說：“目前還沒有這方面的專門研究，因為你無法在實驗室或實際環境中進行真正的試驗。”其他專家也同意這一看法。

“野生動物似乎能夠感知某些特殊現象，尤其是鳥類。很多報告顯示鳥類能察覺即將來臨的災難?！笨巳R夫?沃克這樣說，他曾經寫過數本關于非洲野生動物的書。

一些動物確實是依靠嗅覺或聽覺等人類已知的官能來躲避危險的，比如食肉動物。

關于動物“第六感”(或者其他神秘力量)的說法已有很長時間，斯里蘭卡被摧殘的海灘可能會為這一說法再添一筆證據。

羅馬人把貓頭鷹視為迫近兇險的征兆，很多古代文明都將大象看做擁有特殊能力或特征的“圣獸”。

第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

If you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans.“It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio，” she says.“Its life-saving potential is great.”

She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room.It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university.She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band.Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs.They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.詞匯：

directional adj.定向的 exit n.出口 install v.安裝

residential adj.居住的 static n.靜電噪聲 potential n.潛力

thermal-imaging熱效應成像 pinpoint v.精確地確定 concept n.概念，觀念 emergency n.緊急情況 grant n.授予物，準許 注釋：

1.在謂語動詞中，不能并列使用兩個情態動詞，如may和can就不能并列使用。如果由于表達需要，要同時用“可能”和“能夠”，就得說(寫)成may be able to。如： I may be able to come tomorrow, but I cannot promise.我可能明天來，但我不可能作出承諾。2.that指第一句所表達的意思。

3....find their way out of...：意為“找到從出去的路”。練習：

1.A without

B with

C having

D selling 2.A run by

B changed by

C decorated by

D criticized by 3.A slow

B deaf

C blind

D lame 4.A Alarms

B Alarm

C The alarm

D The alarms 5.A noise

B sound

C music

D bell 6.A watched

B produced

C learnt

D heard 7.A where

B what

C that

D how 8.A smoked

B smoke-filled

C filled with smoke

D smoke-filling 9.A has taken

B takes

C took

D will take 10.A on

B near

C without

D from 11.A processes

B produces

C possesses

D proceeds 12.A feature

B quality

C diagram

D source

13.A basis on

B base on

C basing on

D based on 14.A or

B and

C but

D otherwise 15.A developed

B determined

C discovered

D delivered 答案與題解：

1.B 空格后是一種裝置，用它來改變火災時找不到出口的危險境況。表達“用……裝置”這層意思就要用介詞with。其他幾項均不符合句子的意思。

2.A Sound Alert是一家公司的名字，a company是Sound Alert的同位語，根據句意判斷，應選擇run by，意為“由……經營的”。其他選項雖然語法正確，但都與句意不符。

3.C 從文章標題以及文章內容和本句后面部分resource center for the blind，可以推斷這里最好的選擇就是C。

4.D 因為這種警告裝置已在上文中提到：第一段中的directional sound alarms，第二段中的installing the alarms in a residential home...，所以這里的alarms是特指，要用定冠詞。選項C是錯誤的，因為它是單數形式。

5.B 句子的前半句有a wide range of frequencies,發出來的應該是sound，而不是令人煩躁的noise。用music或bell都有些突然，與上下文的意思不連貫。

6.D 文章一直在討論警報器、聲音和波長，所以首先排除選項A;從上下文的意思看，不可能是選項B和C，因為警報器的制造，就是為了讓失明的人聽到。

7.C 選擇A、B、D均不能構成語義連貫的句子，而且語法上也有問題。選項C能使句子結構成為“It is...that”的強調句型。

8.B 從所給的選項可以看出，這里要表達的意思是“煙火彌漫的房間”。有了這個理解，現在要做的就是選擇正確的表達形式。A是“煙熏的”，D是“使……煙火彌漫的”，所以意思不對，C填入后就出現filled with smoke room，不符合語法。只有B是正確選項。

9.C 這里顯然是“It takes somebody+time+動詞不定式”的句型，但選擇什么時態是關鍵。從上句看，應選擇一般過去時，因為整個段落是對一次實驗的描寫，而且上面一句也使用了一般過去時。

10.C 后半句的one指上半句中的a sound alarm。該句上半句和下半句由but連接，表示相反的意思，從后半句的with可以看出，兩個相對比的事物是:the door without a sound alarm和the door with a sound alarm，所以選擇C。

11.A 選項B、C和D顯然是錯誤的，因為詞義不符。只有選項A是答案。句子的意思是，Withington在她的大學里研究大腦如何處理聲音。

12.D 句子中的more...than表示該句是對兩樣事物的對比。than后面是the source of a narrow band,這里的narrow和前半句的wide形成反比，從上下文中可以看出，the source of a narrow band of(frequencies)是和the source of a wide band of frequencies形成對比。

13.D 這個句子有主語alarms，有謂語have been installed，這里應填入動詞的分詞形式。be based on是常用的搭配，所以應選擇動詞的過去分詞形式。選項A的basis是名詞，明顯是錯的。

14.A 根據上半句中的rising or falling frequencies，這里應填入or，與上半句表達的意思相一致。音頻升高表示上樓，音頻降低表示下樓。

15.A首先確定主語They指的是第一句中的主語The alarms，后半句說這種設備得到大筆

資助。根據上文內容，我們知道資助的目的是開發這種alarms，所以應該選擇developed。

譯文：警報器救盲人

如果看不見，那你可能會因找不到路而逃不出一幢失火樓房，那將是致命的。英國利茲市的一家公司發明的一種可指方向的警報器可能會把你引向出口。聲音警報是一家由利茲大學設立的公司。該公司現在正在為位于薩莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷亞的一家盲人資源中心安裝此種裝置。這種警報器發出的頻率范圍廣，使人腦可以判斷出聲音的來源。

該公司的戴博拉?威星頓稱此種警報器使人類可以聽到大部分音頻。她說：“它們是一種突發的頻譜連續而均勻的聲音。人們感覺它們聽上去就像是收音機發出的靜電噪聲，其在救人方面潛力巨大。”

她進行了一次試驗。她讓人們在一所充滿濃煙的大屋子里設法找到出路，同時她用熱效應成像攝像機進行拍攝。在沒有警報器時，這些人用了近4分鐘才找到門，而在警報器的指引下，只用了15秒。

她在大學里對人腦如何處理聲音進行研究，并提出與波段窄的頻率相比，人們更易發現波段寬的音響源?；诖死碚摰木瘓笃饕驯粦糜诩本溶嚿?。這種警報器也容納了音頻的升降，以指示人們上下樓。這種設備是得到英國核燃料組織的大筆資助才開發成功的。