久久99精品久久久久久琪琪,久久人人爽人人爽人人片亞洲,熟妇人妻无码中文字幕,亚洲精品无码久久久久久久

職稱英語單詞排序版

時(shí)間:2019-05-14 10:57:42下載本文作者:會(huì)員上傳
簡介:寫寫幫文庫小編為你整理了多篇相關(guān)的《職稱英語單詞排序版》,但愿對(duì)你工作學(xué)習(xí)有幫助,當(dāng)然你在寫寫幫文庫還可以找到更多《職稱英語單詞排序版》。

第一篇:職稱英語單詞排序版

abandon(give up)abide by(stick to)abide by(adhere tostick to)ability(capability)Abnormal(unusual)Abrupt(sudden)abrupt(unexpected)abundant(plentiful)accelerate(step up)accelerate(set up)acceptably(Satisfactorily)acclaim(hail)account(Consideration)account for(explain)accumulate(collect)accumulate(collect)Accused of(charged with investigatelook into)achieve(attain)adhere to(abide bystick to)adverse(unfavorable)alleviate(lessen)Allocate(distributeassign)allocate(assign)allow(permit)almost(practically)although(while)annoy(irritate)annoy(irritate)anxious(uneasy)Anyhow(anyway)anyway(Anyhow)appalling(dreadful)argue(contend)arise(get up)arouse(excite)assert(state firmly)assess(gauge)assign(allocate)assume(postulate)Astonish(shocksurprise)at any price(for love or money)at stake(in danger)attain(achieve)Attend to(wait on)attraction(Lure)attractive(fascinate)Attribute(quality)authentically(genuinely)ban(forbid)bare(barren)barren(bare)Bearing(influence)beat(Break)before(previously)before(prior to)better(improved)border on(close to)branch(division)Break(beat)broaden(widen)broaden(widen)call of(cancel)call up(telephone)cancel(call of)capability(ability)careful(conscientious)cater for(meet)cater for(meet)census(count)certain(inevitable)change(fluctuate)change(convert)charged

with investigate(Accused oflook into)childish(immature)china(porcelain)clear Odd(obviousstrange)clever(ingenious)close to(border on)closest to(nearest)Collaborate(cooperate)collect(accumulate)collect(accumulate)collide with(run into)compactly(densely)Compel(force)complain(feel unhappy)comprehend(understand)compress(condense)concise(short and clear)condense(compress)Confidential(secret)confine(restrict)confusion(disorder)conscientious(careful)Consideration(account)

Consolidate(strengthen)Consume(waste)contaminate(pollute)contaminate(pollute)contend(argue)continue(persist)continuously(steadily)contract(shrink)control(regulate)conventional(orthodox)convert(change)convincing(Credible)cooperate(Collaborate)copy(duplicate)count(census)courteous(respectable)coverage(reportage)crazy(Insane)Credible(convincing)criticize(find fault with)cultivate(Foster)cure(Remedy)Cut in(interrupt)damaging(harmful)deadly(fatal)Deadly(Lethalfatal)decent(honest)

decide(make up one’s mind)deduce(derive)deduce(derive)

deliberately(intentionally)demand(insist on)Demolish(pull down)densely(compactly)depend on(rely on)depict(describe)derive(deduce)derive(deduce)describe(depict)Deter(inhibitprevent)diligent(hardworking)dimly(faintly)disappear(vanish)disorder(confusion)distress(hazarddanger)distribute(Allocateassign)diverse(varied)division(branch)doctor(Physician)draft(formulate)

dreadful(appalling)duplicate(copy)dying out(extinction)effect(result)elicit(provoke)

Eligible(entitledqualified)eligible(entitledqualified)encourage(spur)endeavor(trytest)endeavor(try)

entitled(Eligiblequalified)entitled(eligiblequalified)especially(particularly)eternal(everlasting)everlasting(eternal)excite(arouse)exhaustive(extremely thorough)exhaustive(very thorough)Exhibit(show)explain(account for)explore(investigate)explore(Probeinvestigate)extensive(massive)extensive(massive)extinction(dying out)Extract(take out)extremely

thorough(exhaustive)extremely useful(invaluable)fail(omit)faintly(dimly)fairly(without bias)fascinate(intrigue)fascinate(attractive)fatal(deadly)faulty(wrong)

feel unhappy(complain)Final(last)

find fault with(criticize)fluctuate(change)for love or money(at any price)forbid(ban)force(Compel)formulate(draft)Foster(cultivate)fourth(quarter)framework(skeleton)

frighten(scare)fulfill(realized)gain(put on

gatherassemble)gain(profit)gangster(violent criminals)gauge(assess)gently(mildly)

genuinely(authentically)get up(arise)give up(abandon)Gorgeous(lovely)grasp(take hold of)hail(acclaim)hard(severe)hardworking(diligent)harmful(damaging)harness(utilise(utilize))hazard(distressdanger)honest(decent)immature(childish)immediately(right away)imprecise(vague)improved(better)in conjunction(together)in danger(at stake)inadequately(Poorly)inevitable(certain)influence(Bearing)ingenious(clever)inhibit(Deterprevent)Insane(crazy)insist on(demand)intentionally(deliberately)interrupt(Cut in)intrigue(fascinate)invaluable(extremely useful)

investigate(explore)irritate(annoy)irritate(annoy)isolate(solitary)keep(preserve)know(realize)last(past)last(Final)lately(recently)laugh at(mock)lawful(Legal)Legal(lawful)lessen(alleviate)let(rent)Lethal(Deadlyfatal)likely(possible)limited(small)location(scene)Look for(try to find)lovely(Gorgeous)Lure(attraction)make up one’s mind(decide)Manual(physical)many(numerous)massive(extensive)massive(extensive)meet(cater for)meet(cater for)mighty(very strong)mildly(gently)minute(slight)mock(laugh at)motive(reasons)move(stir)moving(touching)nearest(closest to)notably(particularly)notice possess(perceiveown)Now and then(occasionallysometimes)numerous(many)obvious(clear Oddstrange)occasionally(Now and thensometimes)occupant(resident)omit(fail)orthodox(conventional)outcome(result)Outrageous(unacceptable)participate in(take part in)particularly(especially)particularly(notably)past(last)perceive(notice possessown)permit(allow)persist(continue)phase(stage)physical(Manual)Physician(doctor)planners(Principal organizers)plentiful(abundant)point of view(Stand point)polish(shine)pollute(contaminate)pollute(contaminate)Poorly(inadequately)porcelain(china)possible(likely)postulate(assume)practically(almost)preserve(keep)pressing(urgent)previously(before)Principal organizers(planners)prior to(before)Probe(exploreinvestigate)produce(turn out)profit(gain)propose(Recommendsuggest)provoke(elicit)pull down(Demolish)pull up(stop)put an end to(Terminate)put

on gather(gainassemble)put up with(tolerate)put up with(tolerate)quality(Attribute)quarter(fourth)rarely(seldom)Readily(willingly)realize(know)realized(fulfill)reasons(motive)recently(lately)Recommend(proposesuggest)recommend(suggest)Regardless of(whatever)Regret(sorry)regulate(control)rely on(depend on)remainder(rest)Remedy(cure)

remove(take off)rent(let)

reportage(coverage)resident(occupant)respectable(courteous)rest(remainder)restrict(confine)result(outcome)result(effect)

right away(immediately)run into(collide with)safe(secure)

Satisfactorily(acceptably)scare(frighten)scatter(separate)scene(location)secret(Confidential)secure(safe)seem logical(stand

to

reason)seldom(rarely)separate(scatter)set up(accelerate)settle(solve)severe(hard)shabby(unfair)shake(tremble)shake(shook)(tremble)shine(polish)

shock(Astonishsurprise)short and clear(concise)show(Exhibit)shrink(contract)significant(substantial)skeleton(framework)slight(minute)small(limited)solitary(isolate)solve(settle)sorry(Regret)speed(velocity)spur(encourage)stage(phase)Stand point(point

of

view)stand to

reason(seem logical)

state firmly(assert)steadily(continuously)step up(accelerate)stick to(abide by)

stir(move)waste(Consume)stop(pull up)

weary(tired)

strengthen(Consolidate)whatever(Regardless of)stroll(walk)while(although)strong(Tough)wholesome(Vigoroushealsubstantial(significant)thy)

sudden(Abrupt)widen(broaden)suggest(recommend)widen(broaden)Summit(top of mountain)willingly(Readily)take hold of(grasp)without bias(fairly)take off(remove)wrong(faulty)take out(Extract)

take part in(participate in)telephone(call up)Terminate(put an end to)tired(weary)

together(in conjunction)tolerate(put up with)tolerate(put up with)top of mountain(Summit)touching(moving)Tough(strong)tremble(shake)tremble(shake(shook))try(endeavortest)try(endeavor)try to find(Look for)turn out(produce)unacceptable(Outrageous)

understand(comprehend)uneasy(anxious)unexpected(abrupt)unfair(shabby)unfavorable(adverse)unusual(Abnormal)urgent(pressing)utilise(utilize)(harness)vague(imprecise)vanish(disappear)varied(diverse)velocity(speed)very strong(mighty)very

thorough(exhaustive)Vigorous(wholesomehealthy)violent

criminals(gangster)wait on(Attend to)walk(stroll)

第二篇:職稱英語單詞

本表收單詞約6000個(gè)。其中C級(jí)要求的詞匯是4000個(gè);8級(jí)要求的詞匯是在C級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)上累加1000個(gè)(標(biāo)有*符號(hào)),共有5000個(gè);A級(jí)詞匯是在B級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)上累加1000個(gè)(標(biāo)有+符號(hào)),共有6000個(gè)。此外,詞匯表也收入常用詞組約800個(gè)。詞條的選擇主要參考:Collins 5000萬詞核心語料庫的詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì),《大學(xué)英語教學(xué)大綱通用詞匯表》(1~4級(jí),5~6級(jí)),COLLINS COBUILD ENGLISH DICTIONARY(1995年版)和Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(1995年版)的詞頻統(tǒng)計(jì),并綜合考慮了有關(guān)專家的意見。義項(xiàng)的確定主要參考以上兩本詞典,其排列以常用程度為主。

A a an

art.1.一(個(gè))

2.每一(個(gè))

3.(同類事物中的)任何一個(gè) abandon vt. 放棄,遺棄,丟棄 abbey n.

1.修道院

2.大教堂 +abbreviation

n.(用詞首字母組成的)縮寫 ABC

n.

1.字母表

2.基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),abdomen

n.

腹部

abdominal

adj.腹部的 +aberration

n.失常(行為)+abide

vi.(by)遵守,堅(jiān)持 ability

n.

1.能力,本領(lǐng)

2.(pl.)才能,才識(shí) able

adj. 1.有(能力、時(shí)間、知識(shí)等)做某事的 2.有本事的,能干的 be able to:能夠,會(huì) *abnormal

adj.1.反常的,變態(tài)的2.不規(guī)則的 aboard

adv./prep.在船(車、飛行器)上,上船(車、飛行器)abolis

vt.廢除,取消 abortion

n.流產(chǎn),墮胎 +aboriginal

adj.土著的

n.

土著居民,土生動(dòng)植物 about

prep.1.在?周圍

2.關(guān)于,對(duì)于

adv.1.附近,周圍,到處

2.大約 above

prep.在?之上,高于

above all:尤其是,最主要的是

adj.上述的,上面的 adv.1.在上面,往上

2.更多 abroad

adv.1.到國外,在海外

2.遍布,到處 +abrupt

adj.1.突然的

2.粗魯?shù)模?態(tài)度)生硬的 absence

n.

1.缺席

2.缺乏,缺少 absent

adj.1.缺席的2.缺乏的

3.不在意的,茫然的be absent from:缺席 accommodate

vt.1.為?提供住宿

2.容納,接納

3.使適應(yīng),調(diào)節(jié) accommodation

n. 1.膳宿供應(yīng)

2.(pl.)提供便利的設(shè)備(或用具)

3.適應(yīng),調(diào)節(jié) accompany

vt.1.陪伴,陪同

2.為?伴奏 accomplish

vt. 完成,實(shí)現(xiàn),成就 accordance

n.

一致,相符

in accordance with:依照,依據(jù),與?一致 according to

prep. 按照,根據(jù) *accordingly

adv.1.依照

2.由此,于是

3.相應(yīng)地 account

vi.

說明(理由等)account for:說明,解釋(原因等)

n.1.陳述,說明

2.賬戶,(pl.)賬目

3.原因,理由

On account of:基于,由于

On all accounts:無論如何

on no account:決不

take into account:考慮,重視 accountant

n.會(huì)計(jì),出納 *accumulate

vt.積累,積聚

vi.堆積,積累 accurate

adj.準(zhǔn)確的,精確的 accusation

n.

告發(fā),控告 accuse

vt. 1.指責(zé)

2.控告 accuse…of

指責(zé)某人,控告某人 accustom

vt.使習(xí)慣

be accustomed to:習(xí)慣于 ace

n. 1.“A”牌

2.能手,專家

3.發(fā)球得分 absolute

adj.1.絕對(duì)的,完全的2.確實(shí)的,肯定的 absorb

vt.1.吸收

2.使全神貫注 abstract

adj.抽象的,不具體的 n.

摘要,提要 +absurd

adj.荒謬的,荒唐可笑的 *abundant

adj.豐富的,充裕的 *abuse

vt./n.1.濫用,妄用

2.辱罵.誣蔑 academic

adj.1.學(xué)術(shù)的2.學(xué)院的3.學(xué)究的 academy

n.1.(高等)院校,研究院

2.學(xué)會(huì),協(xié)會(huì) *accelerate

vt.1.加速

2.促進(jìn)

vi.增加速度 accent

n.1.口音

2.重音 accept

vt.1.接受,領(lǐng)受

2.認(rèn)可,同意

vi.同意,認(rèn)可 acceptable

adj.1.可接受的

2.合意的,受歡迎的 acceptance

n.1.接受

2.承認(rèn),認(rèn)可 access

n.1.接近,獲得(機(jī)會(huì)等)

2.人口,通道

. have/gain access to: 有(機(jī)會(huì)、手段、權(quán)力)得到/接近/進(jìn)入 *accessible

adj.可得到的,易接近的,可進(jìn)入的 +accessory

n.

附件,附屬品

adj.1.附屬的2.同謀的 accident

n.意外事件,事故

by accident:意外地,偶然地 ache

vi.痛

n.痛,疼痛 achieve

vt.1.完成,實(shí)現(xiàn)

2.(經(jīng)過努力)獲得,達(dá)到 achievement

n.1.成就,成績

2.實(shí)現(xiàn),達(dá)到 acid

adj.酸的,酸性的 n.酸

acknowledge

vt.1.承認(rèn)

2.感謝

3.告知收到(信件等)*acquaint

vt.使熟悉,使認(rèn)識(shí) *acquaintance

n.1.認(rèn)識(shí)的人,熟人

2.認(rèn)識(shí),了解 acquire

vt.1.獲得,取得

2.學(xué)到(知識(shí)等),養(yǎng)成(習(xí)慣等)acquisition n.獲得(物)acre

n.英畝 across

prep.1.橫過,穿過

2.在?的對(duì)面

3.交叉

4.經(jīng)過(一段時(shí)間)

adv.1.橫過,穿過

2.在另一邊 act

vi.1.行動(dòng),做

2.起作用

3.表演

vt.1.扮演(角色)

2.裝作

n.1.行為,行動(dòng)

2.法令,條例

3.(戲劇的)一幕 action

n.1.活動(dòng),行為

2.作用 *activate

vt.1.使活動(dòng)

2.使激活,使活化 active

adj.有活力的,積極的,主動(dòng)的 activist

n.積極分子 activity

n.1.(pl.)活動(dòng),所做的事情

2.活動(dòng)性,活躍 actor

n.1.演員,男演員

2.行動(dòng)者 actress

n.女演員 actual

adj.事實(shí)上的,實(shí)際的 actually

adv.實(shí)際上 acute

adj.1.(頭腦或五官)靈敏的,敏銳的2.急性的 A.D.

公元 ad

n.廣告 adapt

vt.1.使適應(yīng),使適合 2.改寫,改編 adapt...to: 使適合,使適用 add

vi.1.增加

2.加,相加 add(up)to:

累計(jì)為,總數(shù)達(dá)

vt.1.加,增加

2.接著講(或?qū)?addict

vt.使成癮,熱衷于 be addicted to:嗜好,愛好 addiction

n.沉溺,吸毒成癮 addition

n.1.加,加法

2.附加部分,增加

in addition to:除?之外,另外 additional

adj.附加的,另外的 address

n.1.地址,住址

2.講話,演說

vt.1.向?講話

2.寫姓名地址 adequate

adj.足夠的,充分的 +adhere

vi.(to)1.粘著

2.堅(jiān)持,遵守

3.依附,追隨 +adjacent

adj.(to)1.(時(shí)間上)緊接著的2.鄰近的,毗鄰的 adjoin

vt.貼近,與?毗鄰 adjust

vt.1.調(diào)整,調(diào)節(jié)

2.校準(zhǔn),校對(duì)

vi.1.調(diào)整,校準(zhǔn)

2.(to)適應(yīng)于 *administer

vt.1.管理,支配

2.實(shí)行,實(shí)施

3.給予,用(藥等)administration

n.1.管理,經(jīng)營

2.行政機(jī)關(guān) admire

vt.羨慕,贊美,欽佩 admission

n.1.允許進(jìn)入

2.入場(chǎng)費(fèi)

3.坦白,承認(rèn) admit

vt.1.承認(rèn)

2.接納,招收 adolescence

n.青春期,青少年 +adolescent

adj.青少年的,青春期的 n.

青少年 adopt

vt.1.采用,采取(態(tài)度等)

2.選定(道路、職業(yè)等)

3.收養(yǎng) adult

adj.成年人的,已成熟的 n.

成年人 advance

vt.1.促進(jìn),推進(jìn)

2.提升,提高

3.提出

vi.前進(jìn),進(jìn)展

n.1.發(fā)展,前進(jìn)

2.預(yù)付款項(xiàng)

3.增長,抬高 in advance: 預(yù)先,在前面 advantage

n.1.優(yōu)勢(shì),優(yōu)點(diǎn)

2.利益,好處 take advantage of: 利用,趁機(jī) +advent

n.出現(xiàn),到來 adventure

n.1.冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)

2.奇遇 +adverse

adj.不利的,有害的 *advert

n.廣告 *advertise

vi.登廣告,做廣告

vt.1.為?做廣告

2.通知 advertisement

n.1.廣告

2.做廣告,登廣告 advice

n.忠告,勸告 *advisable

adj.明智的,可取的 advise

vt.1.勸告,建議

2.通告,通知 adviser

n.勸告者,顧問 *advocate

vt.提倡,鼓吹

n. 提倡者,鼓吹者 +aerial

adj.1.空氣的,大氣的2.航空的 n.

天線

+aerodynamics

n.空氣動(dòng)力學(xué) affair

n.1.事情,事件

2.(pl.)事務(wù),事態(tài) affect

vt.1.影響,作用

2.感動(dòng)

3.(疾病)侵襲 affection

n.1.慈愛,愛,感情

2.作用,影響 +affirm

vt.1.?dāng)嘌裕隙?/p>

2.批準(zhǔn),使生效 +affluent

adj.富裕的 afford

vt.1.擔(dān)負(fù)得起,買得起,抽得出(時(shí)間等)

2.提供 afraid

adj.1.害怕的,畏懼的2.恐怕的,擔(dān)心的 be afraid of: 害怕 Africa

n.非洲 African

adj.非洲(人)的 n.

非洲人 after

prep.在?以后,在?后面 adv.以后,后來 conj.在?以后 afternoon

n.下午,午后 afterward(s)

adv.以后,后來 again

adv.1.再,又

2.(回)到原處,恢復(fù)原狀 again and again:反復(fù)地

now and again:不時(shí)地,常常地

time and again:反復(fù)地,一次又一次地 against

prep.1.逆,反(對(duì)),違反

2.緊靠著,倚在 3.與?對(duì)照,對(duì)比 age

n.1.年齡

2.時(shí)代

v.(使)變老,(使)老化 agency

n.1.代理(權(quán)),代辦

2.力量,(能動(dòng))作用

3.機(jī)構(gòu) agenda

n.議事日程,記事冊(cè) agent

n.代理人,經(jīng)辦人 aggression

n.侵略,攻擊 aggressive

adj.1.侵略的,侵犯的2.愛挑釁的,放肆的

3.有進(jìn)取心的,敢作敢為的 ago

adv.以前 agony

n.(極度的)痛苦,創(chuàng)痛 agree

vi.1-贊同,答應(yīng)

2.適合,一致

3.商定,約定

agree on/upon:對(duì)?意見一致 agree to:同意,答應(yīng) agree with:贊同,適合 *agreeable

adj.1.令人愉快的

2.(to)一致的,符合的 agreement

n.1.協(xié)議,約定

2.同意,達(dá)成協(xié)議 agriculture

n.農(nóng)業(yè) ahead

adv.在前,提前 ahead of在?之前 aid

n.1.幫助,援助

2.助手,輔助設(shè)備

3.救護(hù)

vt.1.幫助,援助

2.急救 aim

n.1.目的,目標(biāo)

2.瞄準(zhǔn),針對(duì)

vi.(at)1.目的在于,企圖

2.瞄準(zhǔn),對(duì)準(zhǔn)

vt.把?瞄準(zhǔn),把?對(duì)準(zhǔn) air

n.1.大氣,空氣

2.態(tài)度,神態(tài) by air:1.通過航空途徑

2.用無線電

vt.通風(fēng) aircraft

n.飛機(jī),飛艇,航空器 airline

n.1.(飛機(jī)的)航線

2.航空公司 airmail

n.航空郵件,航空郵政 airplane(英:aeroplane)

n.飛機(jī) airport

n.飛機(jī)場(chǎng) +aisle

n.走廊,通道 alarm

n.1.驚恐

2.警報(bào)

3.警報(bào)器

vt.1.使?驚恐

2.向?報(bào)警 album

n.相片冊(cè),郵票簿 alcohol

n.1.酒精,乙醇

2.含酒精的飲料 +alert

adj.1.機(jī)警的,警覺的2.機(jī)靈的,活潑的 vt.使?警覺 +alien

adj.1.外國(人)的,異己的2.性質(zhì)不同的

n.

外國人,外來人,外僑 +alienate

vt.1.使疏遠(yuǎn),離間

2.讓渡(財(cái)產(chǎn))所有權(quán) +align

vt.1.使成一線,校直

2.結(jié)盟,合作

3.調(diào)節(jié),調(diào)準(zhǔn)

vi.1.成一線,排成一行

2.(with)結(jié)盟 alike

adj.相似的,相像的 alive

adj.1.活著的,存在的2.有活力的,活潑的 all

adj.1.全部的,整個(gè)的2.非常的,極度的 adv.完全地,十分地

pron.全體,一切 above all:首先,尤其是 all over:到處,遍及 in all:總計(jì) allege

vt.?dāng)嘌裕暦Q allegation

adj.?dāng)嘌裕鲝垼娊?alleged

adj.被說成的,被指稱的 allegedly

adv.據(jù)說 +alleviate

vt.減輕,緩解,緩和 *alley

n.1.小巷,胡同

2.小徑,小路 alliance

n.結(jié)盟,聯(lián)盟,聯(lián)姻 allied

adj.聯(lián)合的,同盟的,聯(lián)姻的 +allocate

vt.分配,分派,派給,撥給 allow

vt.1.允許,準(zhǔn)許

2.承認(rèn)

3.給予

vi.(for)考慮到,顧及 +allowance

n.1.補(bǔ)貼,津貼

2.允許,準(zhǔn)許 ally

n.1.同盟者

2.伙伴

3.同類 almost

adv.幾乎,差不多 alone

adj.1.單獨(dú)的,孤獨(dú)的2.唯一的

adv.1.單獨(dú)地,獨(dú)自地

2.只有,僅僅 along

prep.沿著

all along:始終,一直

adv.向前 alongside

prep.1.在?旁邊,沿著?的邊

2.和?在一起

3.和?相比

adv.在旁邊,并排地 aloud

adv.1.大聲地

2.響亮地 *alphabet

n.字母表 already

adv.已經(jīng),早已 also

adv.1.也,同樣

2.而且,還 not only...but also...:不但?而且 +altar

n.圣壇 alter

vt.1.改變,更改

2.改做(衣服等)

vi.改變,變化 +alternate

v.(使)交替,(使)輪流

adj.1.交替的,輪流的2.間隔的3.候補(bǔ)的 alternative

adj.1.兩者選一的2.交替的 n.1.兩者選一

2.替換物

3.交替 although

conj.盡管,雖然 altitude

n.1.高度

2.海拔

3.(pl.)高處 altogether

adv.1.總共

2.完全地

3.總之 alumin(i)am

n.鋁 always

adv.1.總是,一向

2.始終,永遠(yuǎn) *a.m.adv.上午,由午夜至中午 amateur

adj.業(yè)余的

n.

業(yè)余愛好者 amaze

vt.使驚訝,使吃驚 amazing

adj.令人驚訝的,令人吃驚的 ambassador

n.大使,專使 +ambiguous

adj.模棱兩可的,有兩種(或多種)解釋的 ambition

n.1.野心,雄心

2.抱負(fù),志向 ambitious

adj.1.有雄心的,有抱負(fù)的2.熱望的 ambulance

n.救護(hù)車(船、飛機(jī)等)amendment

n.1.改正,修正,改善

2.修正案 +amend

vt.修改,修訂 America

n.1.美洲

2.美國 American

adj.1.美洲(人)的2.美國(人)的

n.1.美洲人

2.美國人 amid

prep.在?中,在?當(dāng)中 among(st)

prep.在?之中,在?中間 amount

vi.(to)1.總汁

2.等于

n.1.?dāng)?shù)額,數(shù)量

2.總和,總額 +ample

adj.1.充分的,足夠的2.大的,寬敞的 amplify

vt.1.?dāng)U大,加大

2.引申,詳述 amuse

vt.1.逗樂,使開心

2.給?提供娛樂 +analog(ue)

n.類似物,模擬 *analogy

n.1.類似,相似

2.類比,類推 analyse

vt.分析,分解 analysis

n.分析,分解

in the final(1ast)analysis:歸根結(jié)底 +analyst

n.分析者,善于分析者,化驗(yàn)員 +analytic(a1)

adj.分析的,分解的 ancestor

n.祖宗。祖先 *anchor

n.錨

vt.1.把?固定住

2.拋錨,泊(船)

vi.1.固定

2.拋錨 ancient

adj.古代的,古老的,古式的 and

conj.1.和,與,加

2.那么,則 angel

n.天使,守護(hù)神 anger

n. 生氣,氣憤

vt.激怒,使生氣,使發(fā)怒 angle

n.1.角,角度

2.(看問題的)角度,觀點(diǎn) angry

adj.發(fā)怒的,憤怒的 animal

n./adj.動(dòng)物(的),獸類(的)+animate

adj.1.有生命的

2.有生氣的,生氣勃勃的 vt.1.賦予生命

2.急于(得到)的,渴望的 ankle

n.踝,踝關(guān)節(jié) anniversary

n.1.周年

2.周年紀(jì)念 announce

vt.宣布,發(fā)表 announcement

n.1.布告,通告

2.預(yù)告,聲明 annoy

vt.1.使生氣,使惱火

2.打擾 annual

adj.每年的,的 n.

年刊,年鑒 +anonymous

adj.1.匿名的2.無名的 another

adj.另一個(gè),又,再

pron.另一個(gè),類似的一個(gè) one another:互相 answer

v.回答,答復(fù) answer for1.對(duì)?負(fù)責(zé)

2.保證

n.回答,答復(fù) ant

n.蟻 +Antarctic

adj.南極的,南極區(qū)的 n.南極區(qū),南極圈 +Antarctica

n.南極洲 +antenna

n.1.天線

2.觸角 *anthropologist

n.人類學(xué)家 +anthropology

n.人類學(xué) anticipate

vt.預(yù)料,預(yù)期 antique

adj.1.古代的,古式的2.舊式的 n.古物,古董 anxiety

n.1.焦慮,掛念,擔(dān)心

2.渴望,熱望 anxious

adj.1.憂慮的,擔(dān)心的 any

adj.1.一些,什么[用于否定、疑問、條件句]

2.任何的

pron.任何一個(gè),無論哪個(gè),無論哪些 anybody

pron.1.某人,隨便哪一個(gè)人

2.無論誰,任何人

3.任何人[用于否定、疑問、條件句中] *anyhow

adv.1.不管怎樣說,無論如何

2.不管以什么方法

3.總之 anyone=anybody anything

pron.1.任何事,任何東西[用于否定、疑問、條件句中]

2.無論什么東西(事情)anything but:根本不是,除?以外決

不 anyway =anyhow anywhere

adv.1.無論哪里,隨便哪里

2.任何地方,什么地方[用于否定、疑問、條件句中] apart

adv.1.相距,相隔

2.分,離開

3.除去

apart front:除?之外 apartment

n.公寓住宅,套間 +ape

n.猿,類人猿 apologize

vi.1.道歉,認(rèn)錯(cuò)

2.辯護(hù),辯解 apology

n.1.道歉,認(rèn)錯(cuò)

2.辯解,辯護(hù) *appalling

adj.駭人聽聞的,令人震驚的,可怕的 apparatus

n.1.裝置,器械

2.器具,設(shè)備 apparent

adj.1.明顯的2.表面的 apparently

adv.顯然 appeal

vi.1.請(qǐng)求,呼吁

2.吸引

3.上訴

4.(to)訴諸,求助 appeal to:1.請(qǐng)求

2.吸引

n.1.呼吁,要求

2.吸引力

3.申訴,上訴 appear

vi.1.出現(xiàn),露出

2.似乎,好像 appearance

n.1.出現(xiàn),出場(chǎng)

2.外貌,樣子 *appendix

n.1.附錄,附屬物

2.闌尾 *appetite

n.1.食欲,胃口

2.愛好,嗜好

3.欲望 *applaud

vt.1.鼓掌歡迎,歡呼

2.贊同,稱贊

vi.鼓掌歡迎,歡呼 applause

n.1.鼓掌,喝彩

2.夸獎(jiǎng),贊揚(yáng) apple

n.蘋果 +appliance

n.1.器械,裝置

2.應(yīng)用,適用 *applicant

n.申請(qǐng)人 application

n.1.申請(qǐng),申請(qǐng)表格

2.應(yīng)用,實(shí)施 apply

vi.1.(for)申請(qǐng),請(qǐng)求

2.(to)應(yīng)用,適用

vt.1.把?應(yīng)用于

2.應(yīng)用,運(yùn)用 apply oneself to:致力于 appoint

vt.1.任命,委派

2.指定,約定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等)appointment

n.1.約會(huì),約定

2.任命,委派 +appraisal

n.1.估計(jì),估量

2.評(píng)價(jià) appreciate

vt.1.評(píng)價(jià),鑒別

2.欣賞,賞識(shí)

3.感謝,感激 +apprentice

n.1.學(xué)徒工

2.初學(xué)者 approach

vt.1.走近,接近

2.處理,對(duì)待

vi.臨近,接近

n.1.走近,接近

2.(處理的)辦法

3.看法,觀點(diǎn) appropriate

adj.合適的,適當(dāng)?shù)?approval

n.1.同意,贊同

2.批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可 approve

vt.批準(zhǔn),認(rèn)可

vi.贊成,滿意 approximate

adj.大致的,近似的 vi. 接近,近似 approximately

adv.大約,近似 April

n.四月 apron

n.圍裙 *apt

adj.1.恰當(dāng)?shù)模m當(dāng)?shù)?/p>

2.易于?的,有?傾向的 +aptitude

n.天分,才能 arbitrary

adj.1.任意的,武斷的2.專斷的,專橫的 +arc

n.1.弧,弓形

2.弧光

3.弧形物 *arch

n.拱門,弓形結(jié)構(gòu) +archaeology

n.考古學(xué) *archbishop

n.(基督教)大主教 architect

n.1.建筑師

2.設(shè)計(jì)師

3.締造者 *architecture

n.1.建筑學(xué)

2.建筑式樣

3.結(jié)構(gòu),構(gòu)造 *archives

n.檔案,案卷,檔案窒 +arctic

n.北極,北極圈

adj.北極的,北極區(qū)的 area

n.1.地區(qū)

2.面積

3.范圍,領(lǐng)域 argue

vi.辯論,爭(zhēng)論

vt.1.主張,論證,辯明

2.說服,勸說 argument

n.1.爭(zhēng)論,辯論

2.論點(diǎn),論據(jù) arise

vi.起來,升起,出現(xiàn) arithmetic

n.算術(shù) arm

n.1.手臂,前肢

2.支架,扶手

3.(pl.)武器 arm in arm:臂挽著臂

vt.武裝,裝備 army

n.1.軍隊(duì)

2.一大批,一大群 around

adv.1.在周圍

2.到處

3.大約

all around:四處,到處

prep.在?周圍,在?附近arouse

vt.1.喚醒,叫醒

2.喚起,激起 arrange

vt.1.安排,準(zhǔn)備

2.整理,排列

vi.安排,準(zhǔn)備 arrangement

n.1.排列,整理

2.安排,準(zhǔn)備 array

n.1.一系列,大量

2.排列。數(shù)組

vt.排列 arrest

vt./n.逮捕,拘捕,拘留 arrival

n.1.到達(dá),抵達(dá)

2.到達(dá)者 arrive

vi.1.到達(dá),抵達(dá)

2.(時(shí)間、事件)到來,發(fā)生

3.達(dá)到,得出結(jié)論 arrow

n.1.箭

2.箭頭狀物

3.箭頭號(hào) *arsenal

n.軍火庫,兵工廠 art

n.1.藝術(shù),美術(shù)

2.(pl.)人文學(xué)科 *arthritis

n.關(guān)節(jié)炎 article

adj.1.文章,論文

2.物件,物品

3.條款,項(xiàng)目

4.冠詞 artificial

adj.1.人工的,人造的

2.做作的,不自然的 artist

n.藝術(shù)家,美術(shù)家 artistic(a1)

adj.藝術(shù)(家)的,美術(shù)(家)的 as

conj.1.在(當(dāng))?的時(shí)候

2.由于,因?yàn)?/p>

3.像,像?一樣

prep.作為,看作

adv.同樣地,一樣地 as...a(chǎn)s...:像?一樣 as for/to?:至于,說到 as if/though:就像,仿佛 *ascend

v.上升,攀登 ash

n.1.灰,灰末

2.(pl.)骨灰

3.(pl.)廢墟 *ashore

adv.上岸,在岸上,向岸上 Asia

n.亞洲 Asian

adj.亞洲(人)的 n.亞洲人 aside

adv.在旁邊,到(向)一邊

aside from:除?以外(尚有),且別說 ask

vt.1.問,詢問

2.請(qǐng)求,要求

3.邀請(qǐng)

vi.1.問

2.要求.請(qǐng)求 ask after:問候

ask for:向?要求? asleep

adj.睡著的,睡熟的 aspect

n.1.樣子,面貌

2.(問題、事物等的)方面 *aspirin

n.阿司匹林,阿司匹林片 assault

n./vt.攻擊,襲擊 assemble

vt.1.集合 2.裝配

vi.聚集,集會(huì) assembly

n.1.集合2.集會(huì)

3.裝配 assert

vt.1.宣稱,斷言

2.維護(hù),堅(jiān)持(權(quán)力等)assess

vt.估價(jià),評(píng)定 assessment

n.估價(jià),評(píng)價(jià) asset

n.資產(chǎn),財(cái)產(chǎn) *assign

vt.1.派給,分配

2.選定,指定(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn))+assimilate

vt.1.吸收,消化

2.使同化,變成一樣

vi.1.被吸收

2.被同化 assist

v.幫助,援助 assistance

n.幫助,援助 assistant

adj.幫助的,輔助的 n.1.助手,助教

2.輔助物 associate

vt.1.使發(fā)生聯(lián)系

2.使聯(lián)合 vi.交往,結(jié)交

adj.1.合伙的,有聯(lián)系的2.副的

n.

合伙人,同事 association

n.1.協(xié)會(huì),社團(tuán)

2.聯(lián)合,合伙 assume

vt.1.設(shè)想,假定

2.裝出?樣子

3.承擔(dān),接受 assumption

n.1.假定,設(shè)想

2.擔(dān)任,采取 assurance

n.1.確信,信心,把握

2.擔(dān)保,保險(xiǎn) assure

vt.1.使確信,使放心

2.保證,擔(dān)保 *asthma

n.氣喘 astonish

vt.使大吃一驚 astronaut

n.宇航員 +astronomer

n.天文學(xué)家 +astronomy

n.天文學(xué) +asylum

n.避難所,庇護(hù)所,避難 at

prep.1.在?時(shí)

2.在?中

3.在?方面

4.向,朝

5.(表示速度、價(jià)格等)以 athlete

n.運(yùn)動(dòng)員

athletic

adj.運(yùn)動(dòng)的,體育的,運(yùn)動(dòng)員的 Atlantic

adj.大西洋的 n.(the A-)大西洋 atmosphere

n.1.大氣層

2.氣氛,環(huán)境 *atom

n.原子 attach

vt.1.貼上,系上

2.附上,附屬

be attached to:喜愛,依戀,附屬于 attachment n.1.附屬物,附件

2.依戀

3.依附 attack

vt./n.1.攻擊,襲擊

2.(病)發(fā)作 *attain

vt.1.達(dá)到

2.取得 attempt

n./vt.企圖,試圖 attend

vt.1.出席,參加

2.照顧。護(hù)理

vi.1.注意,傾聽

2.侍奉,伴隨 attend to:1.傾聽,留意

2.照顧,處理 attendance

n.1.出席

2.出席人數(shù)

3.護(hù)理,照料 +attendant

n.1.陪從,隨員

2.出席人,參加人

3.服務(wù)員

adj.1.出席的,在場(chǎng)的2.伴隨的,隨行的3.護(hù)理的 attention

n.1.注意,留意

2.立正

pay attention to:注意 +attentive

adj.1.注意的,留心的

2.殷勤的,周到的,關(guān)心的 attitude

n.態(tài)度,看法 +attorney

n.1.檢察長,檢察官

2.律師,代理人 attract

vt.吸引,引誘 attractive

adj.1.吸引人的,引人注意的2.漂亮的,迷人的 attribute

vt.(to)把?歸于,認(rèn)為是?的結(jié)果

n.

屬性,特征 auction

n./vt.拍賣

+audible

adj.1.可聽見的2.音響的 audience

n.聽眾,觀眾 *audio

n./adj.1.音頻(的),音響(的)

2.聲音(的),聽覺(的)*audit

v.審計(jì),查帳 *auditorium

n.1.禮堂

2.聽眾(觀眾)席 August

n.八月 aunt

n.姨母,姑母,伯母,嬸母,舅母,阿姨 Australia

n.澳大利亞 Australian

adj.澳大利亞的,澳大利亞人的 *authentic

adj.1.真的,真正的2.可靠的,可信的 author

n.作者,著者 +authoritative

adj.1.有權(quán)威的,可相信的2.命令式的

3.官方的,當(dāng)局的 authority

n.1.權(quán)力,權(quán)威

2.(pl.)官方,當(dāng)局 *authorize

vt.1.授權(quán),委托

2.許可,批準(zhǔn) +automate

vt.使自動(dòng)化 automatic

adj.1.自動(dòng)的

2.機(jī)械的,無意識(shí)的 automatically

adv.自動(dòng)地,機(jī)械地 automation

n.自動(dòng)化 automobile

n.汽車,機(jī)動(dòng)車 +autonomy

n.1.自治,自治權(quán)

2.自主權(quán) autumn

n.1.秋,秋季

2.成熟期,漸衰期 auxiliary

adj.輔助的,補(bǔ)助的 n.輔助人員 available

adj.1.可利用的2.可得到的3.有效的 avenue

n.大街,林陰道 average

n.1.平均,平均數(shù)

2.一般水平,平均標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

on(an,the)average:平均起來,一般說

adj.1.平均的

2.一般的,通常的 avoid

vt.避開,避免 await

vt.等待,等候 awake

vt.1.喚醒,使醒來

2.使覺醒

vi.1.醒來

2.醒悟,覺醒

adj.1.醒著的

2.警覺的,意識(shí)到的 award

vt.頒發(fā),授予

n.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),獎(jiǎng)品 aware

adj.意識(shí)到的,覺察到的 be aware of:意識(shí)到 away

adv.離開,遠(yuǎn)離 right away:馬上,立即 awful

adj.1.可怕的2.極壞的 *awkward

adj.1.尷尬的,別扭的2.笨拙的3.使用不便的

4.棘手的。難處理的 *ax(e)

n.斧子 +axis

n.軸,中心線

B baby

n.1.嬰兒

2.幼畜,雛鳥 *bachelor

n.1.單身男子

2.學(xué)士 back

n.1.背面,背部

2.后部,后面

adj.后面的,背后的 adv.1.回去,倒回

2.朝后面,在后面 back and forth:來回地,前后地

vt.1.支持

2.后退 back up:支持 background

n.背景 backward(s)

adj.1.向后的,相反的2.落后的

adv.向后地,倒,逆 *bacterium

(pl.bacteria)

n.細(xì)菌 bad

adj.1.壞的,惡的

2.有害的,不利的

3.(質(zhì)量等)低劣的,(能力等)拙劣的,4.嚴(yán)重的,厲害的 +badge

n.1.徽章,證章

2.標(biāo)記,標(biāo)識(shí)

3.象征 badly

adv.1.壞地,惡地

2.嚴(yán)重地,非常 +badminton

n.羽毛球 bag

n.1.袋,口袋

2.手提包,錢包 *baggage

n.行李 bake

vt.1.烘烤

2.燒硬,焙干 baker

n.面包師 *bakery

n.1.面包店

2.面包烘房 balance

n.1.均衡,平衡

冀‘

2.收付平衡,收付余額

3.秤,天平

v.1.(使)保持平衡

2.(收支)相抵 +balcony

n.1.陽臺(tái)

(食物等)腐敗的,臭的

2.(劇場(chǎng))二樓包廂 +bald

adj.1.禿的,禿頂?shù)?/p>

2.赤裸裸的,毫不掩飾的 ball

n.1.球,球狀物

2.(正規(guī)的)大型舞會(huì) ballet

n.芭蕾舞(團(tuán),劇)*balloon

n.氣球 ballot

n.(無記名投票)選舉,選票 ban

n./vt.禁止,取締 banana

n.香蕉 band

n.1.帶,箍

2.樂隊(duì)

3.一伙

4.頻道,波段

’ *bandage

n.繃帶 bang

vi.猛敲,猛撞,猛地關(guān)上

vt.1.砰地把(門、蓋)關(guān)上

2.發(fā)出砰的響聲

adv.1.砰地

2.突然地,驀然地 bank

n.1.銀行,庫

2.堤,岸 banker

n.銀行家,銀行工作人員 *bankrupt

n.破產(chǎn)者,無力還債的人

adj.破產(chǎn)的,無力還債的 vt.使破產(chǎn),使貧困 *banner

n.旗幟,橫幅 *banquet

n.宴會(huì)

. bar

n.1.條,棒,帶

2.酒吧

3.(氣壓單位)巴

4.律師界

vt.禁止,阻撓 barber

n.理發(fā)師 bare

adj.1.赤裸的

2.極少的,僅有的 barely

adv.僅僅,勉強(qiáng) bargain

n.1.交易。成交條件

2.便宜貨,特價(jià)商品

vi.討價(jià)還價(jià),談(協(xié)定、合同的)條件 *barn

n.谷倉,飼料倉,牲口棚 +baron

n.男爵,有權(quán)勢(shì)的人 barrel

n.1.圓木桶,2.槍管 +barren

adj.1.不毛的,荒蕪的

2.(動(dòng)物)不生育的,(植物)不結(jié)果實(shí)的 barrier

n.障礙(物),柵欄

. base

n.1.基礎(chǔ),底部

2.基地,根據(jù)地

vt.以?為根據(jù)

be based On/upon:基于 baseball

n.棒球(運(yùn)動(dòng))*basement

n.1.地下室,地窖

2.底座,(建筑物的)底部 basic

adj.1.基本的,基礎(chǔ)的,根本的2.主要的,首要的 n.(pl.)基礎(chǔ),基本 basically

adv.基本地,根本地 *basin

n.1.盆,臉盆

2.盆地,流域 basis

n.1.基礎(chǔ),基底

2.根據(jù),基準(zhǔn)

on the basis of:以?為基礎(chǔ) basket

n.筐。籃,簍 basketball

n.籃球(運(yùn)動(dòng))bass

n.1.男低音

2.低音部 bat

n.1.球棒,球拍

2.蝙蝠 bath

n.1.洗澡

2.浴缸,浴盆 *bathe

vt.1.洗澡

2.把?浸到液體中

vi.1.洗澡,沐浴

2.游泳 bathroom

n.浴室 battery

n.1.電池(組)

2.一系列,一套 battle

n.戰(zhàn)斗,作戰(zhàn)

vi.戰(zhàn)斗,作戰(zhàn),斗爭(zhēng) bay

n.海灣 B.C.

公元前 be

vi.1.是,就是

2.在,存在

aux.v.1.[與動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞連用,構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)]

2.[與及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞連用,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)]

3.[后接動(dòng)詞不定式,表示安排,計(jì)

劃做某事等] beach

n.(海、河、湖)灘,海濱 *beam

vi.發(fā)光,發(fā)熱

n.1.光線,光束(道、柱等)

2.梁,桁條 bean

n.豆,蠶豆.豆科植物 bearl

vi.1.忍受,經(jīng)得起

2.傾向于

3.運(yùn)走,攜帶

vt.1.生育

2.承擔(dān),負(fù)擔(dān)

3.忍受.經(jīng)得起

4.懷有,心懷(愛憎、感情等)bear2

n.1.熊

2.粗魯?shù)娜耍孔镜娜?*beard

n.胡須 +bearing

n.1.軸承

2.忍受,忍耐

3.關(guān)系。影響

4.舉止,姿態(tài)

5.方向,方位 beast

n.1.(四足)獸類,牲畜

2.兇殘的人 beat

vt.1.打。敲

2.打敗,做得更好

vi.1.打,敲

2.(心臟等)跳動(dòng) beautiful

adj.美麗的,美好的 beauty

n.1.美麗

2.美女,美好的事物 because

conj.因?yàn)?because of:由于 become

v.變得,變成 bed

n.1.床

2.花壇;河床,礦床 go to bed:去睡覺 bedroom

n.臥室 bee

n.蜂,蜜蜂 beef

n.牛肉 beer

n.啤酒 before

prep.1.在?前面

2.在?以前

conj.在?以前

adv.以前,從前 +beforehand

adv.1.事先,預(yù)先

2.提前地,超前地 beg

v.1.乞討,乞求

2.請(qǐng)求,懇求 beggar

n.乞丐 begin

v.開始,著手 beginner

n.初學(xué)者,無經(jīng)驗(yàn)者 beginning

n.1.開始,開端

2.起源,起因 behalf

n.方面,利益

on behalf of:代表?,為?的代表 behave

vi.1.行為,舉止

2.開動(dòng),運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) behavio(u)r

n.1.行為,表現(xiàn)

2.(機(jī)器等的)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)情況 behind

prep.1.在?后面

2.遲于,落后于

adv.在后,遲,慢 fall behind:落后 being

n.1.存在,生存

2.存在物,生物,生命,人 belief

n.1.相信,信任

2.信仰,信念 believe

vt.1.相信

2.認(rèn)為

vi.1.相信

2.信任

3.信奉

believe in:信仰,信奉,對(duì)?有信心 bell

n.1.鈴,門鈴

2.鐘聲 +belly

n.1.肚子,腹部

2.(像肚子一樣)鼓起的部分,膛 belong

vi.(to)1.屬于

2.歸類于 *beloved

adj.被鐘愛的 below

prep.在?下面,下方

adv.在下面,向下 belt

n.1.腰帶.帶狀物

2.地帶,區(qū)域 bench

n.凳,長凳 bend

v.1.(使)彎曲

2.(使)屈服 beneath

prep.在?下面(下方),緊靠著?底下 *beneficial

adj.有益的,有用的 benefit

n.好處,利益 for the benefit of:為了?的利益

vt.對(duì)?有利,有益于?

vi.得益 benefit from...:受益于? *bent

adj.彎曲的 berry

n.莓果 beside

prep.1.在?旁邊,在?附近

2.與?相比 besides

prep.除?之外(還)

adv.而且,此外 best

adj.最好的 adv.最好地

at best:充其量,至多

n.最好的人(東西等)

at one’s best:處于最佳狀態(tài),在顛峰時(shí)期

do/try one’s best:竭盡全力

make the best of:充分利用,盡量利用 bet

n.打賭,賭注

vt.用?打賭,與?打賭

vi.打賭 *betray

vt.1.出賣。背叛

2.暴露,泄露 better

adj.1.較好的,更好的2.(健康狀況)好轉(zhuǎn)的 adv.更好些,更多地 be better off:較富裕的

had better:還是?為好,最好 between

prep.在?之間,在(兩者)之間

adv.在中間 beware

vi.當(dāng)心;小心

beyond

prep.1.在?之外.在?那邊

2.超出?范圍,勝過

3.遲于 +bias

n.偏見 Bible

n.《圣經(jīng)》 bibliography

n.1.(有關(guān)某一專題的)書目

2.參考書目 bicycle

n.自行車 bid

vt./n.投標(biāo),(拍賣時(shí)的)出價(jià) big

adj.1.大的,重的

2.重要的,重大的 bike =bicycle bill

n.1,賬單

2.票據(jù)

3.紙幣

4.法案 billion

num.1.(美)十億

2.(英)億萬,兆 +binary

adj.由兩部分組成的,二進(jìn)位制的 bind

vt.1.捆,包扎

2.裝訂

3.約束

4.使凝固

vi.變硬,凝固 bioengineer

n.生物工程師 biography

n.傳記 biological

adj.生物學(xué)的 *biology

n.生物學(xué) bird

n.鳥,禽 birth

n.1.出生,誕生

2.出身,血統(tǒng)

3.起源.開始

4.出現(xiàn)

by birth:1.在血統(tǒng)上

2.生來,天生地

give birth to:1.生育

2.產(chǎn)生 birthday

n.1.生日

2.(成立)紀(jì)念日 biscuit

n.餅干 bishop

n.主教 bit

n.1.一點(diǎn)

2.比特(二進(jìn)位制信息單位)a bit of:一點(diǎn)兒的

bit by bit:一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地,漸漸地 bite

v.1.咬,叮

2.刺骨

n.1.叮,咬

2.咬一口,(食物的)一口 bitter

adj.1.辛酸的,辛苦的2.有苦味的

3.嚴(yán)寒的,刺骨的 *bizarre

adj.稀奇古怪的,異乎尋常的 black

adj.1.黑色的2.黑暗的 n.

1.黑色

2.黑人 blackboard

n.黑板 blade

n.1.刀片,刀刃

2.葉片

3.翼,槳葉 blame

vt.1.責(zé)怪,埋怨

2.把?歸咎于

n.1.責(zé)備

2.過錯(cuò),責(zé)任 blank

adj.1.空白的,空著的

2.茫然的,沒有表情的 n.空白,空白處,空白表格 blanket

n.1.毯子

2.厚厚一層 blast

n.1.一陣(風(fēng)),一股(氣流)

2.爆炸,爆破

vt.1.爆炸

2.摧毀 +blaze

n.1.火焰,烈火

2.強(qiáng)烈的光,光輝

3.(感情等)爆發(fā),激發(fā)

v.1.(使)熊熊燃燒

2.發(fā)出強(qiáng)烈的光,照耀 *bleed

vi.1.流血

2.滲,漏,冒 *blend

v.混合,摻合 n.1.混合,融合2.混合物 *bless

vt.保佑,賜福 blind

adj.1.瞎的,盲的

2.盲從的,盲目的 Vt.(使)變瞎,使?看不見 +blink

vi.1.眨眼睛

2.閃爍

vt.1.眨(眼睛)

2.使閃爍 block

n.1.大塊(石料、木料、冰等)

2.街區(qū)

3.分成獨(dú)立的幾個(gè)部分的大建筑物

4.阻塞物,障礙物

vt.阻攔,堵塞 blood

n.1.血,血液

2.血統(tǒng),出身 bloody

adj.1.流著血的,有血的2.血腥的,殘忍的 *bloom

n.花,開花期

vi.1.開花

2.繁榮,興旺 +blossom

n.1.(樹或灌木叢的)花(簇)

2.開花時(shí)期

3.興旺時(shí)期,青春 in blossom:盛開

vi.1.開花,(降落傘)展開

2.(into)發(fā)展

3.繁榮,興旺 blow

vi.1.吹,充氣

2.爆炸,炸毀

n.打,打擊 blue

adj.1.藍(lán)色的

2.臉色發(fā)灰的3.憂郁的,沮喪的 n.藍(lán)色 +blund

n.大錯(cuò)

” +blunt

adj.1.(刀子)鈍的,不鋒利的2.遲鈍的

3.直率的,坦白的 +blush

vi.臉紅,羞愧,覺得難為情

n.臉紅,難為情 board

n.1.木板,紙板

2.伙食

3.董事會(huì),理事會(huì)

or/board:在船(火車、飛機(jī))上 boast

vi.(of,about)夸耀,說大話

vt.1.以有?而自豪

2.夸,自夸

n.自夸的話,可夸耀的事 boat

n.1.小船,艇

2.船形物

vi.劃船 body

n.1.身體,軀體

2.車身,船身

3.正文.主要部分 boil

vi.沸騰

vt.煮(沸)*bold

adj.1.大膽的,冒失的

2.鮮明的,醒目的,(線、字等)粗的 *bolt

n.1.閃電.霹靂

2.插銷,門閂

3.螺栓 bomb

n.1.炸彈

2.高壓噴霧器

vt.投彈,轟炸 bond

n.1.粘合(劑)

2.聯(lián)合,結(jié)合3.債券,公債 bone

n.骨頭.骨狀物 bonus

n.獎(jiǎng)金,補(bǔ)貼,額外津貼 book

n.1.書本.書籍,手冊(cè)

2.卷,冊(cè)

vt.預(yù)定(票、座位等)*bookcase

n.書櫥,書架 booklet

n.小冊(cè)子 boom

v./n.1.(發(fā)出)隆隆聲

2.繁榮,興隆 boost

n.v.提升,增加,提高 boot

n.長筒靴 *booth

n.1.(集市上的)貨攤

2.小問,亭子 border

n.1.邊,邊緣

2.邊界,國界,邊境

vi.1.和?接界,與?接連

2.近似 bore

vt.1.使厭煩,打擾

2.鉆孔

n.令人討厭的人(物)boring

adj.令人厭煩的 n.鉆孔 born

adj.1.出生的2.天生的 +borough

n.享有自治權(quán)的市鎮(zhèn) borrow

vt.1.借(東西),借人

2.采用,模仿 boss

n.工頭,上司.老板 both

adj.兩個(gè)?(都)

pron.兩者(都),雙方(都)both...a(chǎn)nd...:既?又?,不但?而且 bother

vt.打擾,麻煩

vi.費(fèi)心,煩心

n.1.麻煩,困擾

2.討厭的人.麻煩的事 bottle

n.1.瓶子

2.(流體)容器 bottom

n.底,底部 bounce

vi.彈起來,跳起

vt.使彈起,使彈網(wǎng)

n.彈,反彈 +boundl

adj.1.綁著的。受約束的2.必定的。一定的 +bound2

adj.(for)準(zhǔn)備/正在到?去的,開往?的 boundary

n.分界線,邊界 *bowl

n.1.點(diǎn)頭,鞠躬

2.弓,弓形物 bow2

vi.鞠躬,點(diǎn)頭r以示招呼、同意等)bowl

n.碗,缽 box

n.1.盒子,箱子

2.(戲院的)包廂 boxing

n.拳擊 boy

n.1.男孩

2.侍者,服務(wù)員 +boycott

vt./n.聯(lián)合抵制,罷(課、市等)boyfriend

n.男朋友 +bracket

n.1.托架,托座

2.括弧 brain

n.1.大腦

2.心智,智力 *brake

n.閘,剎車,制動(dòng)器

v.剎住(車)branch

n.1.樹枝,分枝

2.(機(jī)構(gòu)的)分部,部門

3.(學(xué)科的)分科 brand

n.1.烙印,標(biāo)記

2.(商品)牌子,商標(biāo)

vt.1.在?上打烙印(標(biāo)記)

2.銘記,銘刻 brass

n.1.黃銅

2.(pl.)黃銅制品 brave

adj.勇敢的,英勇的 breach

v.破壞,違反.不履行 bread

n.1.面包

2.食物.生計(jì)‘ *breadth

n.寬度,廣度 break

vt.1.打破,破碎

2.中斷,中止 3.違反(法律、規(guī)定等)

vi.破,斷裂

break away:脫離,逃脫 break down:損壞 break into:闖入

break off:中止,中斷 break out:爆發(fā)

break through:突破,穿透 break up:1.打碎,破碎

2.分裂,分解

3.結(jié)束,終止

n.中斷,間歇 + breakdown

n.1.垮臺(tái),破裂

2.(健康,精神等)衰竭,衰弱

3.(機(jī)器等)損壞,故障 breakfast

n.早飯 breakthrough

n.重大發(fā)現(xiàn),突破 *breast

n.胸,乳房 breath

n.1.呼吸,氣息

2.一口氣,一瞬間

catch one's breath:喘過氣來,松口氣 hold one’s breath:屏息 out of breath:上氣不接下氣 breathe

v.呼吸 breed

v.1.繁殖,培育

2.飼養(yǎng)

3,養(yǎng)育,教育

n.種類,品種,血統(tǒng) *breeze

n.微風(fēng) +bribe

v./n.賄賂,收買 +bribery

n.行賄,受賄 brick

n.1.磚,磚狀物

2.方木塊,塊料 bride

n.新娘 *bridegroom

n.新郎 bridge

n.1.橋,橋梁

2.橋牌 brief

adj.1.短暫的

2.簡潔的,簡要的 n.

摘要,概要 in brief:簡單地說 *briefcase

n.公文包 briefly

adv.簡短地,簡要地 bright

adj.1.明亮的,光明的,晴朗的2.歡快的,興高采烈的3.聰明的

4.(顏色)鮮艷的 brilliant

adj.1.很明亮的

2.光輝的,輝煌的3.卓越的,出色的 bring

vt.1.拿來,帶來

2.引起,導(dǎo)致

3.勸使,迫使

4.使處于某種狀態(tài)

bring about:引起,帶來,產(chǎn)生

bring forward:提出(建議、結(jié)論、觀點(diǎn)

等)bring up:撫養(yǎng),教育 Britain

n.大不列顛島(包括英格蘭、威爾士和蘇

格蘭),英國 British

adj.英國(人)的 n.英國人 +brittle

adj.易碎的,脆的 broad

adj.1.寬闊的,寬廣的2.概括的,廣泛的 broadcast

n.廣播,廣播節(jié)目

v.(用無線電或電視)廣播 brochure

n.小冊(cè)子 broker

n.經(jīng)紀(jì)人,掮客,中間人 brook

n.溪流,澗 *bronze

n.青銅,青銅色,青銅制品 +broom

n.掃帚

vt.掃除,用掃帚掃 brother

n.1.兄弟,兄或弟

2.同胞 *brow

n.1.(pl.)眉毛

2.額 brown

n./adj.棕色(的),褐色(的)brush

vt.刷

n. 1.毛刷,刷子

2.畫筆 brutal

adj.殘忍的,野蠻的 +bubble

n.水泡,氣泡

vi.冒泡,沸騰 *bucket

n.水桶 *bud

n.芽,花蕾 Buddha

n.佛 Buddhism

n.佛教 +Buddhist

n.佛教徒

budget

n.1.預(yù)算,預(yù)算案,預(yù)算額

2.經(jīng)費(fèi),生活費(fèi) +buffer

n.1.緩沖器,保險(xiǎn)桿

2.緩沖劑 *bug

n.蟲子,臭蟲 build

vt.1.建造,建筑

2.建設(shè),建立

vi.增大,增強(qiáng),加強(qiáng) building

n.房屋,建筑物 +bulb

n.1.球狀物,球莖

2.燈泡 +bulge

n./vi.1.凸起(處)

2.鼓漲,隆起 *bulk

n.1.容積,體積

2.大塊,大批

3.大部分,大多數(shù) bull

n./adj.1.公牛(似的),雄性(的)

2.大型(的),龐大物體(的)bullet

n.子彈 +bulletin

n.公報(bào),公告 +bump

n./vt.撞,碰撞 bunch

n.一串,一束 *bundle

n.1.包裹,包袱

2.一包.一捆,一束 burden

n.1.負(fù)擔(dān),負(fù)重

2.負(fù)荷,載重

3.義務(wù),責(zé)任 bureau

n.司,局,處,社,所 burn

v.1.燃燒

2.燒毀,燒傷

burn out:燒壞,燒毀,燒光 burn up:燒起來,燒完

n.燒傷,灼傷 burst

vi.1.爆炸,破裂

2.突然發(fā)生

burst into tears/laughter:突然哭/笑走來 bury

vt.1.掩埋,覆蓋

2.葬,埋葬 bus

n.公共汽車 bush

n.矮樹叢,灌木叢 business

n.1.生意,業(yè)務(wù)

2.事務(wù),職責(zé)

3.企業(yè) businessman

n.商人 busy

adj.1.忙的,忙碌的2.熱鬧的,繁忙的3.(電話)占線的 *bust

第三篇:2012職稱英語單詞

2012(2011)年職稱英語詞匯選項(xiàng)同義詞 P 1 at once = immediately 馬上 call= phone 打電話 space= room 空間 identify =name 認(rèn)出 occur =happy 發(fā)生 complete =finish 完成 eventually= finally 最終 conversation =tall 談話 attend =go to 參加

make up one’s mind = decide決定 account =consideration 考慮 put up with = tolerate忍耐 abandon = give up 放棄 seldom =rarely 很少 take out = extract 取出 P2 spur = encourage 促進(jìn)

coverage =reportage 新聞報(bào)到 dimly = dainty 昏暗地 mildly = gently 溫和地 inevitable = certain 肯定 isolated = solitary 孤立 call off = cancel 取消 停止

now and then = occasionally 偶爾 find fault with = criticize批評(píng) grasp = take hole of 抓住

(take…into)consideration /account 把…考慮進(jìn)去

tolerate = put up with 忍受 abandon =give up 放棄 lately =recently 最近P3 manual = physical 體力的 harness = utilise 利用 resident = occupant 居住者 steadily = continuously 不斷地 remedy = cure 治療

draft = formulate 設(shè)計(jì)/制定 practically = almost幾乎

occasionally = sometimes有時(shí),偶爾 try = test 嘗試

rarely = seldom很少 不常 readily = willingly 樂意地

extract = take out 取出 shine =polish 照亮 搽亮 decent =honest 正派的 deadly = fatal 致命的 P4

insist = demand堅(jiān)持

damaging = harmful 有害的 seldom = rarely 不常 難得 speed = velocity 速度 physician =doctor內(nèi)科大夫

particularly = especially特別 尤其 safe =secure 安全的 branch = division 分支 abnormal = unusual 不正常 abundant = plentiful 豐富的 accelerate = step up 加快

accumulate = collect 收集 積累 allocate = assign 分配 分派 childish = immature 幼稚/不成熟 barren = bare 貧瘠/赤裸 P5

appalling = dreadful 條件之差使人吃驚 anyhow = anyway achieve = attain

capability = ability 能力 本領(lǐng)

in conjunction with = together with 與…一起credible = convincing可信的

diligent = hardworking 勤奮的 努力的 diverse = varied 多種多樣的 不同的 faulty = wrong 有錯(cuò)誤的

gorgeous = magnificent 好極了 壯麗的 persist = continue持續(xù)的 regulate = control控制 scatter = separate分散

standpoint = point of view觀點(diǎn) touching = moving 動(dòng)人的 感人的 P6

immense = enormous巨大的

accumulate = build up積累/建立 overtake = pass超過

advisable = wise可取的/聰明的 puzzle = mystery謎 exhibit = show顯示

eternal = everlasting永久的 depict = describe描寫 operative = work運(yùn)作的

wreck = damage毀壞 embody = include包含

obscure = prevent遮擋/擋住 restrain = prevent阻止

sensational = exciting令人激動(dòng) stroll = walk 散步 P7 annoying = irritating 使煩惱,使人不愉快 deliberately = intentionally 蓄意的 vague = imprecise 模糊/不確切、不明確 summit = top of the mountain 山頂 census = count(人口)普查/計(jì)數(shù) duplicate = copy 復(fù)制 ban = forbid 禁止 lawful = legal 合法

mock = laugh at 嘲笑 取笑 motive = reason 動(dòng)機(jī)/理由

notably = particularly 特別 尤其 omit = fail 疏忽 遺漏/失敗 沒有能夠 orthodox = conventional 傳統(tǒng)

outrageous = unacceptable 兇暴 令人不能容忍/不可以接受

scared = frightened 受驚的 P8 hail = acclaim 向…歡呼(擁戴)

principal organizer = planner 組織者 postulate = assume 假定 設(shè)想 extinction = die out 絕跡 絕種 abrupt = sudden 突然

allocate = distribute 分配 分發(fā) mighty = very strong 強(qiáng)大的

authentically = genuinely 真正的

eligible = entitle有資格/給..權(quán)利(資格)asserted = stated firmly 斷言 宣稱/堅(jiān)定地說 permit= allow 允許

propose = suggest 建議 提議

regret = sorry 對(duì)..感到懊悔/后悔的 rely on = depend on 依靠 依賴

remove = take off 脫掉 去掉/脫掉 拿下 P9 improved = better 改進(jìn) 更好 break = beat 打破/打 勝過 provoke = elicit 引起 誘發(fā)

gangster = violent criminal 匪徒/兇犯 framework = skeleton 框架/骨架 hazard = danger 危險(xiǎn) 危害

lure = attraction 吸引 誘惑/吸引

densely = compactly 密集地 濃厚地/緊湊地 fascinate = intrigue 使..著迷 強(qiáng)烈地吸引住/引起興趣

probe = explore 探索 探究 settle = solve 解決

tremble = shake 顫抖 搖動(dòng) shocked = surprised 震驚的 abide by = stick to 堅(jiān)持 遵循 widen = broaden 變寬 擴(kuò)大 P10

shabby = unfair 不公正 uneasy = anxious 感到不安

demolish = pull down拆毀 毀掉 推翻 adverse = unfavorable 不利 逆的 concise = short and clear 簡明

courteous = respectful 有禮貌的 謙恭的

invaluable = extremely useful貴重的 有價(jià)值 insane = crazy 精神錯(cuò)亂 瘋狂的

exhaustive = extremely thorough 透徹,徹底 ingenious = clever靈巧的 巧妙的

eligible = qualified有資格做…/符合…條件 vigorous = healthy 精力充沛 有活力 abided by = adhered to 服從 遵守 without bias = fairly 公平地 公正地 terminated = put an end to 結(jié)束

第四篇:職稱英語單詞對(duì)

1)quite 相當(dāng) quiet 安靜地

2)affect v 影響,假裝 effect n 結(jié)果,影響

3)adapt 適應(yīng) adopt 采用 adept 內(nèi)行

4)angel 天使 angle 角度

5)dairy 牛奶廠 diary 日記

6)contend 奮斗,斗爭(zhēng) content 內(nèi)容,滿足的 contex t 上下文 contest 競(jìng)爭(zhēng),比賽

7)principal 校長,主要的 principle 原則

8)implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的

9)dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放棄 dissert&nbs p;寫論文

10)pat 輕拍 tap 輕打 slap 掌擊 rap 敲,打

11)decent 正經(jīng)的 descent n 向下,血統(tǒng) descend& nbsp;v 向下

12)sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水

13)later 后來 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近

14)costume 服裝 custom習(xí)慣

15)extensive 廣泛的 intensive 深刻的 16)aural 耳的 oral 口頭的

17)abroad 國外 aboard 上(船,飛機(jī))

18)altar 祭壇 alter 改變

19)assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音

20)champion 冠軍 champagne 香檳酒 campaign 戰(zhàn)役

21)baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古倉

22)beam 梁,光束 bean 豆 been have 過去式

23)precede 領(lǐng)先 proceed 進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)

24)pray 祈禱 prey 獵物www.tmdps.cn

77)strive 努力 stride 大步走

78)allusion 暗示 illusion 幻覺 delusion 錯(cuò)覺 elusion 逃避

79)prospect 前景 perspective 透視法

80)stationery 文具 stationary 固定的

81)loose 松的 lose 丟失 loss n 損失 lost lose過去式

82)amend 改正,修正 emend 校正

83)amoral unmoral immoral 同義 不道德的 84)capitol 大廈 capital 首都

85)casual 隨便的 causal 表原因的

86)extend 延伸 extent 長度 extant 現(xiàn)存的 87)inability 沒能力 disability 殘疾

88)personnel 人事 personal 個(gè)人的

89)statue 塑像 statute 法令 stature 身長 stat us 地位

90)widow 寡婦 window 窗戶

91)socks 短襪 stockings 長筒襪

92)tax 稅 taxi 出租www.tmdps.cn考試就到考試大

93)definite 不定的 infinite 無限的 94)grim 嚴(yán)酷的 grime 污點(diǎn)

95)crayon 蠟筆 canyon 山谷 96)recent 最近resent 生氣 97)phrase 短語 phase 階段

98)mission 使命 emission 散發(fā),發(fā)射 mansion 大 廈 99)vision 視覺 version 譯本

100)gasp 上氣不接下氣 grasp 抓住

101)delicate 微妙的 dedicate 獻(xiàn)身

101)idle 空閑的 idol 偶像

102)induce 促使,勸誘 deduce 推測(cè) reduce 減少 se duce 誘使

103)lapse 流逝 elapse 消逝 eclipse 日食

104)rude 粗魯?shù)?crude 天然的

105)source 水源 sauce 醬油 saucer 茶托 resour ce 資源 recourse 求援

106)sled(兒童)雪橇 sledge 雪橇

107)stripe 條紋 strip 條 trip 旅行

108)vocation 職業(yè) vacation 假期 evocation 召集&nbs p;revocation 撤回

109)ardor 熱情 adore 崇拜 adorn 裝飾

110)area 區(qū)域 era 時(shí)代

111)resemble 象…… assemble v 集合,裝配 assembly& nbsp;n 集合,裝配

112)assume 假定 resume 恢復(fù)

113)attain 達(dá)到 obtain 獲得 abstain 放棄

114)award 授予 reward 獎(jiǎng)賞

115)baggage(American English)luggage 行李

116)badge 徽章 bandage 繃帶

117)blade 刀刃 bald 禿的 bold 大膽

118)bloom 開花 blossom 開花(結(jié)果實(shí))bosom 胸口

119)blush 臉紅 flush 發(fā)紅(臉)

120)bride 新娘 bribe 賄賂

121)growl 咆哮 howl 狼叫

122)depress 使沮喪 suppress 鎮(zhèn)壓 oppress 壓迫

123)dime 一角 dim 暗淡的 124)dizzy 眼花繚亂 dazzle 使眼花

125)brown 褐色 brow 眼眉 blow 打擊

126)bullet 子彈 bulletin 公告

127)carton 紙板盒 cartoon 動(dòng)畫

128)chivalry 騎士精神 cavalry 騎兵隊(duì)

129)collar 領(lǐng)子 cellar 地窖 color 顏色

130)vanish 消失 evanish 使消失

131)intrude 入侵 extrude 逐出 detrude 推下

132)contort 扭彎 distort 弄彎 retort 反駁

133)eminent 杰出的 imminent 逼近的 134)decline 下降 recline 放置 incline 傾斜

135)exclaim 呼喊 proclaim 宣布 acclaim 歡呼 d eclaim 朗誦

136)edict 法令 indict 控告

137)perfuse 潑灑 profuse 浪費(fèi)的

138)reject 拒絕 eject 逐出 inject 注射 deject 使沮喪

139)literacy 識(shí)字 literary 文學(xué)的 literature 文學(xué)&n bsp;literal 文字的 140)median 中央的,中線的 medium 媒體

141)expel 驅(qū)逐 repel 反擊 impel 推動(dòng) dispel&n bsp;驅(qū)散

142)rip 撕 ripe 熟的

143)wench 絞車 wrench 扭傷

144)confidant 知己 confident 有信心的

145)dine 吃飯 diner 吃飯人 dinning n 吃飯;dinner 晚飯

146)dreg 渣滓 drag 拖拉

147)faint 失去知覺 feint 佯攻

148)imprudence 輕率 impudence 無恥

149)specie 硬幣 species 種類

150)hanger 鉤子 hangar 棚廠 hunger 饑餓

第五篇:2010職稱英語單詞標(biāo)注版

中油職稱外語考試2010版

一.English is a Crazy[a.瘋狂的] Language 英語是一門瘋狂的語言

1.Let's face it-English is a crazy[a.瘋狂的] language.There is no egg in eggplant[n.茄子] nor ham[n.火腿] in hamburger[n.漢堡包];neither apple nor pine[n.松樹,松木] in pineapple[n.鳳梨,波羅].English muffins[(muffin):n.松餅] weren't invented in England nor French fries in France.Sweetmeats[(sweetmeat):n.糖果,甜食,蜜餞] are candies[(candy):n.糖;巧克力] while sweetbreads[(sweetbread):n.小牛,小羊的胰臟或胸腺],which aren't sweet,are meat.1.讓我們接受現(xiàn)實(shí)吧--英語是一種瘋狂的語言。茄子(eggplant[n.茄子],字面意為雞蛋植物)里并沒有雞蛋,漢堡包(hamburger[n.漢堡包],字面意為火腿夾餅)里也沒有火腿。同樣,菠蘿(pineapple[n.鳳梨,波羅],字面意為松樹蘋果)里既沒有松鼠也沒有蘋果。松餅(English muffin[n.松餅],字面意為英式松餅)并不是英國人發(fā)明的,而炸薯?xiàng)l(French fries,字面意為法式油炸食品)也不是法國人的發(fā)明。“甜肉”(sweetmeat[n.糖果,甜食,蜜餞])指的是蜜餞,而“甜面包”(sweetbread[n.小牛,小羊的胰臟或胸腺])不是甜的,它指的是牛雜碎。

2.We take English for granted[(grant):v.給予,恩賜;同意,允許,答應(yīng)].But if we explore[v.勘探;探究] its paradoxes[(paradox):n.自相矛盾的人或事物],we find that quicksand[n.流沙,流沙地,危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)] can work slowly,boxing rings are square and a guinea[n.英國往昔的金幣] pig is neither from Guinea[n.英國往昔的金幣] nor is it a pig.And why it is that writers[(writer):n.作者,作家] write but fingers don't fing,grocers[(grocer):n.食品商;雜貨商] don't groce and hammers don't ham[n.火腿]? If the plural[a.復(fù)數(shù)的 n.復(fù)數(shù)] of tooth is teeth,why isn't the plural[a.復(fù)數(shù)的 n.復(fù)數(shù)] of booth[n.小(房)間;公用電話亭] beeth? If you have one goose[n.鵝;鵝肉],two geese[goose(鵝,鵝肉)的復(fù)數(shù)],why not one moose[v.北美產(chǎn)的一種大鹿],two meese,or one index[n.食指;索引;標(biāo)志;指數(shù) v.把…編索引],two indices[index的復(fù)數(shù)]? 2.我們理所當(dāng)然地接受了英語的一切,但是如果我們分析一下英語中似是而非的情況,我們馬上就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)“快的沙子”(quicksand[n.流沙,流沙地,危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)],流沙,也指陷阱,困境)往往走得很慢,“拳擊的圓圈”(boxing rings,拳擊場(chǎng))是方的,“幾內(nèi)亞豬”(guinea[n.英國往昔的金幣] pig,天竺鼠)既不是來自幾內(nèi)亞,也不是豬。還有,既然名詞作家(writers[(writer):n.作者,作家])去掉詞尾的rs 就可以成為動(dòng)詞“寫作(write)”,那為什么名詞“手指”(fingers)、雜貨店(grocers[(grocer):n.食品商;雜貨商])、錘子(hammers)去掉rs就不能成為各自相應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞呢?如果牙齒的復(fù)數(shù)是teeth,那為什么售貨亭的復(fù)數(shù)不是beeth?一只鵝我們用goose[n.鵝;鵝肉],兩只鵝用geese[goose(鵝,鵝肉)的復(fù)數(shù)],那么,一只駝鹿用moose[v.北美產(chǎn)的一種大鹿](單復(fù)數(shù)同形),兩只駝鹿就應(yīng)該是meese了?為什么一條索引是index[n.食指;索引;標(biāo)志;指數(shù) v.把…編索引],兩條索引卻成了indices[index的復(fù)數(shù)]?

3.Doesn't it seem crazy[a.瘋狂的] that you can make amends[n.賠償] but not one amend[vt.修正,改善,vi.改過自新],or that you can comb[vt.梳(頭發(fā))] through the annals[n.編年史] of history but not a single[adj.單個(gè)的;單一的] annal[記錄]? If you have a bunch[n.1 中油職稱外語考試2010版

of odds[n.可能性;機(jī)會(huì)] and ends and get rid[v.使擺脫] of all but one of them,what do you call it? 一束,一捆;一伙]3.如果你賠償時(shí)只能賠償復(fù)數(shù)不能賠償單數(shù),這是不是很莫名其妙?你可以梳理歷史的編年史,為什么卻不能復(fù)習(xí)某一個(gè)單個(gè)的編年史?如果你有一堆麻煩,那么在你把其他的都解決了只剩下一個(gè)的時(shí)候該怎么說呢?

4.If teachers taught,why didn't preachers[(preacher):n.傳道者,講道者,牧師] praught? If a vegetarian[n.素食者] eats vegetables,what does a humanitarian[n.人道主義者,慈善家] eat? 4.如果教師教學(xué)是taught,那為什么傳教士不是praught?如果素食主義者(vegetarian[n.素食者])吃蔬菜(vegetable),那人道主義者(humanitarian[n.人道主義者,慈善家])吃什么?

5.Sometimes I think all the English speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] should be committed[(commit):v.做(不合法的、錯(cuò)的或愚蠢的事);犯] to an asylum[n.避難所,庇護(hù)所] for the verbally[(verbal):adj.文字的,用文字的] insane[adj.蠢極的,荒唐的;精神錯(cuò)亂的,瘋狂的].In what other language do people recite[v.背誦,朗誦] at a play and play at a recital[n.演出;演ship by truck and send cargo[n.船貨,貨物] by ship;have noses that run and 奏會(huì)];feet that smell;park on driveways[(driveway):n.(通往住宅的)車道] and drive on parkways[(parkway):n.公園道路,駕車專用道路]? 5.有時(shí)候我覺得根據(jù)英國人說話時(shí)瘋狂的用詞可以將他們送進(jìn)精神病院。哪一種語言人們可以在一出戲中朗誦,在朗誦中玩(分別指演戲和開獨(dú)唱會(huì))?用卡車運(yùn)船,用船運(yùn)貨(分別只用卡車運(yùn)輸和用船運(yùn)輸)?鼻子可以跑而腳可以聞味道(分別指流鼻涕和腳有臭味)?車可以停在駕駛路上,而且在停車路上駕駛(driveway[n.(通往住宅的)車道]從字面上理解是駕駛路,parkway[n.公園道路,駕車專用道路]從字面上理解是停車路)。

6.How can a slim[adj.苗條的] chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性] and a fat chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性] be the same,while a wise[adj.有見識(shí)的,聰明的] man and wise[adj.有見識(shí)的,聰明的] guy[n.a man or a boy] are opposites,and quite a lot and quite a few are alike[adj.相同地]? How can the weather be hot as hell[n.地獄] one day and cold as hell[n.地獄] another? 6.為什么一個(gè)苗條的機(jī)會(huì)(slim[adj.苗條的] chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],指沒機(jī)會(huì))和一個(gè)肥胖的機(jī)會(huì)(fat chant[n.圣歌,贊美詩 v.吟唱,誦揚(yáng)],也指沒機(jī)會(huì))意思是一樣的,而一個(gè)聰明的人(wise[adj.有見識(shí)的,聰明的] man,聰明人)和一個(gè)聰明的家伙(wise[adj.有見識(shí)的,guy[n.a man or a boy],自作聰明的人)卻意思相反?為什么相當(dāng)多(quite a lot)聰明的]

和相當(dāng)少(quite a few)意思一樣?(實(shí)際上quite a lot和quite a few都是相當(dāng)多的意思。)為什么天氣可以熱的像地獄也可以冷得像地獄?(as hell[n.地獄]字面意思像地獄一樣,指非常)

7.You have to marvel[v.驚嘆] at the unique[adj.獨(dú)特的,獨(dú)一無二的] lunacy[n.瘋狂,愚行] of a language in which your house can burn up as it burns down,in which you fill in a form by filling it out and in which an alarm[n.警報(bào)] clock goes off by going on.中油職稱外語考試2010版

7.你不得不對(duì)這種精神病一樣的語言表示驚奇,在這種語言中,你的房子在被燒下去(burn down,意為燒為平地)的同時(shí)又被燒上去(burn up,意為燒起來,燒掉)。你用填出來(fill out,意為填寫)的方法填進(jìn)去(fill in,意思也是填寫)一個(gè)表格。鬧鐘在走(go on)的時(shí)候響(go off)了。8.English was invented by people,not computers,and it reflects[(reflect):v.反映] the creativity[n.創(chuàng)造力] of the human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] race.That is why,when the stars are out,they are visible[a.明顯的,看得見的],but when the lights are out,they are invisible[adj.看不見的].And why,when I wind up my watch,I start it,but when I wind up this essay[n.論說文],I end it? 8.英語是人而不是機(jī)器創(chuàng)造出來的語言,它反映了人類的創(chuàng)造性。這也是為什么當(dāng)星星出來的時(shí)候,我們是看得見的,當(dāng)陽光出來(out)的時(shí)候是看不見的。同理,我“處理”我的手表之后,它就開始(走)了;而我“處理”完這篇文章后,它卻結(jié)束了。

二. All I Learned in Kindergarten[n.幼兒園]幼兒園所學(xué)的……

1. Most of what I really need to know about how to live and what to do and how to be, I learned in kindergarten[n.幼兒園].Wisdom[n.智慧] was not at the top of the graduate[n.畢業(yè)生 vi.大學(xué)畢業(yè)] mountain.but there in the sandpile[n.沙堆] at nursery[n.托兒所] school.

1.大部分在生活中真正需要的,包括怎樣生活,該做些什么,又該怎樣去做,這些都是我在幼兒園時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)的。智慧不在研究生院的山巔之上,而在幼兒園的沙堆里。

really=真的、真正地;live=活著、生活;kindergarten[n.幼兒園]=幼兒園;wisdom[n.智慧]=智慧;

graduate[n.畢業(yè)生 vi.大學(xué)畢業(yè)]=研究生、研究院;mountain =山;at the top of=在頂部;sandpile[n.沙堆]=沙堆;

nursery[n.托兒所]=苗圃;nursery[n.托兒所] schoo=幼兒園

2. These are the things I learned:Share[vt.分享;共同使用] everything.Play fair.Don?t hit people.Put things back where you found them.Clean up your own mess[n.凌亂狀態(tài);混亂的局面 v.弄臟,弄糟].Don?t take things that aren?t yours.Say you?re sorry when you hurt somebody.Wash your hands before you eat.Warm cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇餅] and cold milk are good for you.Live a balanced[(balance):vt./n.平衡] life.Learn some and think some and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and work everyday[adj.每日的,日常的] some.

2.以下就是我從幼兒園中學(xué)到的。分享所有的東西:行為光明磊落;不要攻擊別人;東西要放回原處;自己弄臟的地方自己收拾好;不要拿走不屬于自己的東西;如果你傷害了別人就得道歉;飯前洗手;熱的甜點(diǎn)和涼的牛奶對(duì)身體有益;生活要有張有弛,學(xué)點(diǎn)東西、想點(diǎn)問題、寫寫畫畫、唱唱跳跳,休息和工作,每樣事天天都要干一點(diǎn)。

These are=這些;Share[vt.分享;共同使用]=共享、分分享;fair=公平的;hit=打擊、擊中;中油職稱外語考試2010版

Put=放置;where you found them=你發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的地方;Clean up=清理;Clean=清潔的;own mess[n.凌亂狀態(tài);混亂的局面 v.弄臟,弄糟]=自己的爛攤子; mess[n.凌亂狀態(tài);混亂的局面 v.弄臟,弄糟]=混亂;hurt=傷害;wash=洗;before=以前、之前;warm=熱乎的、溫暖;cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇餅]=餅干;

good for you=對(duì)你有好處;balanced[(balance):vt./n.平衡]=平衡的;draw=繪制、畫;paint=涂抹、寫;dance=舞蹈; some=一些;

3. Take a nap[n.小睡] every afternoon.When you go out into the world,watch for traffic.Hold hands and stick together.Be aware[a.知道的,意識(shí)到的] of wonder[vt.想知Remember the little seed in the plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cup? The roots[(root):n.根;根源;起源] go 道].down and the plant goes up and nobody really knows how or why.but we are all like that.3.每天下午小睡一會(huì)兒。當(dāng)大家外出時(shí),注意交通安全,記得手挽手,彼此互相扶持。多多注意那些生活的奇跡。你一定還記得那個(gè)塑料杯里的小小的種子吧,它不斷地往下扎根,枝葉不斷地向空中伸展。沒有人真正知道它在怎樣生長,也不知道是為了什么。但有一點(diǎn)很明白,我們也像他們一樣地長大。Take a nap[n.小睡]=午睡;nap[n.小睡]=午睡、打盹;go out=出門;into the world=走向世界;traffic=交通;

Together=一起;hold=把;stick=粘;Be aware[a.知道的,意識(shí)到的]=注意;wonder[vt.想知道]=奇跡;Remember=記住;

seed=種子;little=小的;seed=種子;Remember=記得;plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)]=塑料;roots[(root):n.根;根源;起源]=根;

go down=向下;plant=植物;goes up=上升、生長;like=像

4.Goldfish[n.金魚] and hamsters[(hamster):n.東歐或亞洲產(chǎn)的大頰的鼠類] and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cup--they all die.So do we.4.看著金魚、倉鼠以及小白鼠甚至是花盆中小小的一顆種子,最后他們的生命部將消亡。我們明白自己同樣也不能避免。

goldfish[n.金魚]=金魚;hamsters[(hamster):n.東歐或亞洲產(chǎn)的大頰的鼠類]=倉鼠;mice=小白鼠;

5.And then remember the book about Dick and Jane and the first word you learned,the biggest word of all:Look.Everything you need to know is in there somewhere[ad.在某處].The Golden[a.金(黃)色的] Rule[n.規(guī)則;規(guī)定] and love and basic[adj.基本的] sanitation[n.衛(wèi)生].Ecology[n.生態(tài)] and politics[n.政治] and sane[adj.清醒的,明智的] living.5.同時(shí)還記得《迪克與珍妮》的書,以及從書中學(xué)到的第一個(gè)詞,也是最了不起的一個(gè)詞:觀察。你所需要了解的任何事情:包括為人的準(zhǔn)則、愛、應(yīng)注意的基本衛(wèi)生,生態(tài)環(huán)境和政治哲學(xué)以及健全的生活方式,你都能在該書的某個(gè)地方找到答案。

Look=看;在這里是觀察的意思;biggest=最大;somewhere[ad.在某處]=某處;Rule[n.規(guī)則;規(guī)定]=準(zhǔn)則;basic[adj.基本的] =基本;sanitation[n.衛(wèi)生]=衛(wèi)生;Ecology[n.生態(tài)]=生態(tài);politics[n.政治]=政治;sane[adj.清醒的,明智的] living=理智的生活;

6.Think of what a better world it would be if we all--the whole world--had cookies[(cookie):n.曲奇餅] and milk about 3 o?clock every afternoon and then lay down with 中油職稱外語考試2010版

our blankets[(blanket):n.毛毯;毯子] for a nap[n.小睡] or if we had a basic[adj.基本的] policy[n.政策] in our nations[(nation):n.民族;國家] to always put things back where we found them and cleaned up our own messes[(mess):n.凌亂狀態(tài);混亂的局面 v.弄臟,弄糟].And it is still true,no matter how old you are,when you go out into the world,it is better to hold hands and stick together.6.想一想,如果我們大家--全世界所有的人--每天下午3點(diǎn)左右都能夠享受甜點(diǎn)和牛奶,然后蓋上被單美美的睡上一小會(huì)兒;如果每一個(gè)國家都能夠遵循一個(gè)基本的立國之道,即東西放回原處,自己弄臟的地方自己收拾好,那么這個(gè)世界將是多么的美好啊。無論你年齡有多大,當(dāng)你出去時(shí),當(dāng)你進(jìn)入社會(huì)之時(shí),最好是和別人手牽手,相互扶持,團(tuán)結(jié)一致。無論如何,這是一個(gè)顛撲不破的真理。

better=較好的;lay=放置;basic[adj.基本的] policy[n.政策]=基本的政策;nations[(nation):n.民族;國家]=國家;put things=整治;cleaned up=清理;go out=出去;into=進(jìn)入;

三.On Mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] Office 移動(dòng)的辦公室

1.Mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的]1 office is the mutual[a.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的]2 product[n.產(chǎn)品;成品] of economic[adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的],scientific[adj.科學(xué)的],and social[adj.社會(huì)的;社交的] progress[n.進(jìn)步;上進(jìn)].Mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office has become a solution[n.解決方法] that provides[(provide):vt.提供] users[(user):n.用戶,使用者] with convenient[adj.便利的;方便的],prompt[adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的,迅速的],safe,reliable[adj.可靠的,可信賴的],and reasonably[ad.適度地,相當(dāng)?shù)豜 priced[(price):n.communications[(communication):n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] and office faculty[n.能力]3 anywhere 價(jià)格,價(jià)錢]

anytime via[prep.通過,憑借;經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由]4 the support[vt.支持;贊助] of mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] interconnection[n.互相連絡(luò)] platform[n.講臺(tái);站臺(tái)]5(MIP)and its applications[(application):n.申請(qǐng)] systems[(system):n.體系;系統(tǒng)].Using mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office and WAP[打] technology[n.技術(shù)],people can do their work anywhere anytime,can send and receive data[n.資料,數(shù)據(jù)] via[prep.通過,憑借;經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由] terminals[(terminal):n.終點(diǎn)站,總站]6 such as mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] phone,palm[n.棕櫚樹;手掌] computer,and PDA[n.個(gè)人數(shù)字助理],and can surf[n.海浪,拍岸浪] the Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)].Integrating[(integrate):v.(使某人)與社區(qū)融合Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)] and mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] communications[(communication):n.(尤指種族間)]7 通訊;傳達(dá);交通] network[n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)],and providing[(provide):vt.提供] powerful[adj.強(qiáng)大的]

applications[(application):n.申請(qǐng)] support[vt.支持;贊助] capacity[n.能力,才智] for wireless[adj.無線的,無線電的]8 interconnection[n.互相連絡(luò)],mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] interconnection[n.互相連絡(luò)] platform[n.講臺(tái);站臺(tái)](MIP)is an important network[n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)] support[vt.支持;贊助] technology[n.技術(shù)] to accomplish[v.完成] mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office.1.移動(dòng)辦公室是經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、社會(huì)三者發(fā)展進(jìn)步的共同產(chǎn)物。通過無線互聯(lián)平臺(tái)(MIP)及其應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的支撐,移動(dòng)辦公室已經(jīng)成為一種能夠使用戶獲得隨時(shí)隨地、簡便快捷、安全可靠、價(jià)格合理的通信和辦公能力的解決方案。通過移動(dòng)辦公室和無線接入?yún)f(xié)議(WAP[打])技術(shù),人們可以在任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)辦公,可以從移動(dòng)電話、掌上電腦、個(gè)人數(shù)字助理(PDA[n.個(gè)人數(shù)字助理])等終端設(shè)備上收發(fā)數(shù)據(jù),遨游于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。無線互聯(lián)平臺(tái)將因特網(wǎng)和移動(dòng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)有機(jī)地整合起來,為無線互聯(lián)提中油職稱外語考試2010版

供強(qiáng)大的應(yīng)用支撐能力,是實(shí)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)辦公室重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)支撐技術(shù)。

2.When you leave your office to attend[vt.出席;參加] meetings or travel on business,what would happen to your business routine[n.常規(guī)]? Of course,faxes[(fax):n.傳真] and e-mails[(mail):n.郵政;郵遞] would be still sent to your fax[n.傳真] machine or e-mail[n.郵政;郵遞] box,but you cannot read them and make prompt[adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的,迅速的] reaction[n.反應(yīng)] timely.When your clients[(client):n.顧客,委托人] need you to make some urgent[adj.急迫的,緊急的] modifications[(modification):n.修正,修飾,修改]9 on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant[adj.有關(guān)的]10 documents[(document):n.用文件證實(shí)或證明(某事)],what can you do? Maybe you have to say “sorry”to the clients[(client):n.顧客,委托人].But,your business will be affected[(affect):vt.影響],the clients[(client):n.顧客,委托人] will be unhappy and disappointed[(disappoint):vt.使失望] because of your delay[vt.&vi.推遲;耽擱],and you will lose a lot of business opportunities[(opportunity):n.機(jī)會(huì)].2.當(dāng)你離開辦公室,忙于參加會(huì)議或出差在外時(shí),你的日常工作業(yè)務(wù)會(huì)怎樣呢?當(dāng)然,傳真和電子郵件依然會(huì)到達(dá)你的傳真機(jī)和電子信箱,但是你卻不能及時(shí)地看到它們并迅速作出反應(yīng)。當(dāng)你的客戶需要你對(duì)某項(xiàng)工作進(jìn)行一些緊急修改,而你恰好不在辦公室,又沒有隨身攜帶相關(guān)文件時(shí),怎么辦呢?你也許只能向客戶說“對(duì)不起”了。但是,你的業(yè)務(wù)將受到影響,客戶們也會(huì)因?yàn)槟愕难舆t而感到不快和失望,因而你失去許多商機(jī)。

3.In fact[n.事實(shí);實(shí)際],very frequently[adv.經(jīng)常地;頻繁地],you need to check,reply[n.回答,答復(fù)],distribute[v.分發(fā),分配]11,display[n.展覽,陳列],modify[v.變更,修改],or read some materials[(material):n.材料;原料] when you are not in your office.You must get out of this dilemma[n.困境,(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境]12.The best solution[n.解決方法] to normally[(normal):n.正常的狀態(tài)] handle[n.柄,把手] your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint[vt.使失望] your clients[(client):n.顧客,委托人] is to let your office “move”with you.Thus,you can have convenient[adj.便利的;方便的],prompt[adj.準(zhǔn)時(shí)的,reasonably[ad.適度地,相當(dāng)?shù)豜 priced[(price):n.價(jià)格,迅速的],safe,reliable[adj.可靠的,可信賴的]13,and 價(jià)錢] communications[(communication):n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] and office faculty[n.能力] anywhere anytime.With the development[n.發(fā)展;開發(fā)] of communications[(communication):n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] technology[n.技術(shù)],network[n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)] application[n.申請(qǐng)],and wireless[adj.無線的,無線電的] interconnection[n.互相連絡(luò)],mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office has become simpler and smaller,and even can be realized[(realize):v.認(rèn)識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)(=realise)] via[prep.通過,憑借;經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由] one mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] phone with data[n.資料,數(shù)據(jù)] communications[(communication):n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] function[n.正常工作,正常生活].Thus,mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office has already been put into your pocket,and office mobility[n.流動(dòng)性] has been realized[(realize):v.認(rèn)識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)uses its mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] phone function[n.正常工作,正常生活] to make voice[n.(=realise)].It 說話聲;嗓音] communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通],and uses its data[n.資料,數(shù)據(jù)]

communications[(communication):n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] function[n.正常工作,正常生活] to do most computation[n.計(jì)算]14 and storage[n.貯藏;儲(chǔ)存]15 in the network's[(network):n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)] other mainframes[(mainframe):n.主機(jī)]16.It uses the network[n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)] to get 中油職稱外語考試2010版

necessary[adj.必要的;必需的] materials[(material):n.材料;原料] and data[n.資料,數(shù)據(jù)],and uses mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] phone's infrared[a.& n.紅外線(的)]17 interface[n.接口,界面 v.聯(lián)系]18 to connect[vt.&vi.連接;把......聯(lián)系起來] with computers,printers[(printer):n.打印機(jī)],scanners[(scanner):n.掃描設(shè)備;掃描器]19,etc.3.實(shí)際上,當(dāng)你不在辦公室,但需要對(duì)某些材料進(jìn)行查閱、回復(fù)、分發(fā)、展示、修改或宣讀的情形是很常見的。因此,你必須從這種困境中解脫出來。使自己能夠隨時(shí)隨地正常處理業(yè)務(wù),不讓客戶失望,最好的解決辦法就是讓你的辦公室也隨你一起“移動(dòng)”起來,使你獲得隨時(shí)隨地、簡單快捷、安全可靠、價(jià)格合理的通信和辦公能力。隨著通信技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用以及無線互聯(lián)的發(fā)展,移動(dòng)辦公室已經(jīng)變得越來越簡單小巧,甚至只需一個(gè)具有數(shù)據(jù)通信功能的移動(dòng)電話即可實(shí)現(xiàn)。此時(shí),移動(dòng)辦公室已經(jīng)被你裝進(jìn)了口袋,從而真正實(shí)現(xiàn)了辦公的移動(dòng)性。它利用移動(dòng)電話功能進(jìn)行語音通信;利用數(shù)據(jù)通信功能,使大部分計(jì)算和存儲(chǔ)工作都在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的其他主機(jī)上進(jìn)行;利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得需要的材料和數(shù)據(jù);利用移動(dòng)電話的紅外接口與電腦、打印機(jī)、掃描儀等設(shè)備相連。

4.Mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office has provided[(provide):vt.提供] people with convenient[adj.working environment[n.環(huán)境],but at the same time 便利的;方便的],casual[adj.偶爾的,非正式的]

it still has some unsatisfactory aspects[(aspect):n.方面] such as mismatching[配板失當(dāng);不匹配;不重合] equipment[n.裝備,設(shè)備] interface[n.接口,界面 v.聯(lián)系] and inadequate[adj.不夠,不充分] battery[n.一群,一組,一連串;電池].Nevertheless[adv.然而],we believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that with technical[adj.技術(shù)的;工藝的] progress[n.進(jìn)步;上進(jìn)],people can certainly overcome[v.戰(zhàn)勝,克服] all kinds of difficulties[(difficulty):adj.困難;費(fèi)力].Mobile[adj.可移動(dòng)的] office will make your career[n.職業(yè)] unimpeded[a.未受阻礙的]20,and will realize[v.認(rèn)識(shí)到;實(shí)現(xiàn)the dream[vt.&n.夢(mèng);夢(mèng)想] of completely[(complete):vt.完成;結(jié)束] free communication[n.(=realise)]

通訊;傳達(dá);交通].Users[(user):n.用戶,使用者] will enjoy more colorful[adj.五顏六色的] life and better working environment[n.環(huán)境],and users' living standard[a.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的],working efficiency[n.效率],and even enterprises' production[n.生產(chǎn);制作] efficiency[n.效率] will certainly be immensely[(immense):a.巨大的] raised[(raise):vt.使升高;飼養(yǎng) vt.飼養(yǎng)].4.移動(dòng)辦公室給人們帶來了方便隨意的工作環(huán)境,但同時(shí)也存在著一些諸如設(shè)備接口不匹配、電池電力不足等不盡如人意的地方。但是,我們相信,隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,人們肯定能戰(zhàn)勝種種困難。移動(dòng)辦公室將使你的事業(yè)暢通無阻,實(shí)現(xiàn)完全自由通信的夢(mèng)想。用戶將會(huì)享受多彩的生活和美好的工作環(huán)境;用戶的生活水平、工作效率以及企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)效率,必將大大提高。

四.How to Explore[v.勘探;探究] a City 探索城市輕松游

1.Are you spending two days in Tokyo? Are you moving to Melbourne[n.No matter where you're going or how long you're staying,keep reading!墨爾缽]? These tips[(tip):n.梢,末端;小費(fèi)] will help you make the most of any urban[adj.市鎮(zhèn)的] adventure[n.冒險(xiǎn);奇遇].中油職稱外語考試2010版

要去東京待兩天?還是要搬到墨爾本?不管打算去哪里、要待多久,往下讀吧!一下介紹的小訣竅能幫你充分享受每趟都市旅游。

2.Before you arrive 抵達(dá)前3.Read a city guidebook[旅行指南].Some are even specially[(special):adj.特別的;專門的] designed[(design):vt.&n.設(shè)計(jì);繪制] for a 24-hour visit!If you don't want to buy one,just look through the guidebooks[(guidebook):旅行指南] in a store[n.商店].They can give you hints[(hint):n.暗示,示意] on how to plan[n.計(jì)劃,打算] your trip.參考城市旅游指南,有些旅游書甚至專為一日游行程而寫的呢!如果不想花錢買書,在書店里翻一翻也可以。旅游指南會(huì)提出一些建議,幫助你規(guī)劃行程。4.Search[n.&v.搜尋;搜查] the Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)].Websites[(website):網(wǎng)站(全球資訊網(wǎng)的主機(jī)站)] such as Cilysearch.com and Economist[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家].com provide[vt.提供]

information[n.信息] on cities around the world.Blogs can also be a good source[n.來源,提供消息者] of information[n.信息].They give you a chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性] to learn from others' travel experiences[(experience):n.經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷].上網(wǎng)查找資料。諸如Cilysearch.com與Economist[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家].com 等網(wǎng)站都提供全球各城市的相關(guān)資訊。博客是另一個(gè)搜集資訊的好地方,能夠讓你汲取別人的旅游經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

5.Some companies[(company):n.公司],like National Geographic[adj.地理上的],offer audio[a.成音頻率的,聲音的] walking tours[(tour):n.觀光;參觀;旅行],which can be downloaded[(download):下載] from the Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)].Once you arrive,these free podcasts will turn your MP3 player into a lour[vi.皺眉,變陰沉] guide[n.導(dǎo)游者;向?qū)?vt.指導(dǎo);引導(dǎo)]!They will help you explore[v.勘探;探究] the city on foot.有些公司例如《國家地理雜志》備有步行觀光語音島覽,可以直接通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載,你一到目的地,這些免費(fèi)“播客”檔案會(huì)讓你的MP3立刻化身為導(dǎo)游!它們會(huì)帶你步行走訪該城。

6.Doing research[n.研究;調(diào)查] before you arrive will help you experience[n.經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷] the city's claim[v.聲稱] to fame[n.名聲].Whether it's a landmark[n.風(fēng)景點(diǎn);里程碑],a shopping area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域],or a river-you should see it.抵達(dá)目的地前要做好功課,你就可以好好欣賞該城著名的景點(diǎn)。不管是地標(biāo)、購物區(qū)、河流,你都不應(yīng)錯(cuò)過。

7.When you arrive 抵達(dá)后8.If possible,pick up a free city map at the airport[n.機(jī)場(chǎng),航空站],train station or your hotel.Visit the city's tourism[n.旅游業(yè);觀光] office,which will provide[vt.提供] other valuable[adj.值錢的;貴重的]

information[n.信息].Sometimes locals[(local):a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 post notices[(notice):n.通知;there offering[(offer):vt.提供] tours[(tour):n.觀光;參觀;旅行] or other services[(service):n.布告] 服務(wù)].如果機(jī)場(chǎng)、火車站或下榻旅館有免費(fèi)市區(qū)地圖,別忘了拿一份。參觀一下當(dāng)?shù)芈糜畏?wù)中心,也能獲得其他寶貴資訊。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用衽紶栆矔?huì)在那里張貼廣告,中油職稱外語考試2010版

提供旅游行程或其他服務(wù)。

Carry the hotel's business card or write down the address and phone number.Take note[n.筆記;便條] of the neighborhood[n.鄰近地區(qū)] around your hotel.It will be helpful when you return.隨身攜帶旅館名片或?qū)懴滤牡刂放c電話,還要留意旅館周邊的環(huán)境,以方便認(rèn)路返回。

9.For your first adventure[n.冒險(xiǎn);奇遇],take a city bus that drives in a circle through the downtown[n&a.城市的商業(yè)區(qū)(的)] area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域].It's a good-and cheap-way1 to see important landmarks[(landmark):n.風(fēng)景點(diǎn);里程碑].Il will also help you understand the city's layout[n.布局,安排,設(shè)計(jì)].While on the bus,write down places that interest you so you can visit them later.你剛動(dòng)身探訪該城時(shí),不妨搭乘會(huì)穿過市中心,繞行市區(qū)一圈的巴士,想走訪重要地標(biāo),這是不錯(cuò)又便宜的選擇,你還能借此一窺整個(gè)城市的輪廓。在公共汽車上,記下你感興趣的景點(diǎn)吧,留待以后再參觀。

10.Ask a local[a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 person for advice[n.勸告;忠告;建議].Many cities have treasures[(treasure):n.財(cái)富;金銀財(cái)寶] that most tourists[(tourist):n.旅行者;觀光者] don't know about.A local[a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 can direct[vt.&vi.導(dǎo)演] you to a wonderful but less famous restaurant.park or museum.11.Finally[adv.最后;最終],be adventurous[adj.愛冒險(xiǎn)的]!Some of the best tilings[(tiling):n.蓋瓦;鋪瓷磚] that a city has 10 offer can be found by mistake.II[no.第二]“ you're not afraid to get lost,you'll see more-and you'll have a better time!

五.Can Money Buy Happiness[n.幸福;愉快] 金錢能買到快樂?

1.Many of us dream[vt.&n.夢(mèng);夢(mèng)想] of having thousands and thousands of dollars to spend on anything we desire[vt.要求;期望 n.欲望].We buy lottery[n.碰巧(冒險(xiǎn))之事,碰運(yùn)tickets,enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] contests[(contest):n.比賽,競(jìng)賽] or spend hours building 氣;彩票]

a business or playing the stock[n.證券,股票] market.We're sure when we have plenty[n.充足的;相當(dāng)多的] of money,we will be happy.But will we? 1.我們很多人都?jí)粝霌碛腥f貫錢財(cái)來滿足自身欲望。我們會(huì)買樂透彩券、參加比賽或付出很多時(shí)間發(fā)展事業(yè)或投資股市。我們深信一旦我們有很多錢,就會(huì)很開心,但真的會(huì)嗎?

2.While having some money does have an impact[n.影響] on our level[n.水平線;水平] of happiness[n.幸福;愉快],having a lot of money docs not.People in the United[(unite):vi.&vt.聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié)] States[(state):n.國家;(美國的)州] whose income[n.收入;所得] goes from US$20,000 a year to US$50,000 a year are more likely to be happy.2.雖然有“一些”錢的確會(huì)影響我們的快樂程度,擁有“很多”錢則不然。在美國,中油職稱外語考試2010版

年薪為2萬~5萬美元的人比較可能感到快樂。

3.But after USS50.000,happiness[n.幸福;愉快] does not increase[vt.增加;繁殖] as salaries[(salary):n.薪水] go up.Why is that? It's because we are never satisfied[(satisfy):vt.滿足;使?jié)M意].”We always think if we just had a little more money,we'd be happier,“ says Catherine[n.凱薩琳(女子名)] Sanderson,a psychology[n.at Amherst College[n.學(xué)院].”But when we get there,we're 心理學(xué)] professor[n.教授]

not.“ 3.但薪水超過5萬美元后,快樂程度會(huì)不隨著薪水增多而升高。此話怎講?原因是我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)滿足。安默斯特學(xué)院心理學(xué)教授凱薩琳·珊德森說:“我們總是以為只要我們的錢再多一點(diǎn),我們就會(huì)比較快樂,但是當(dāng)我們走到那一步,我們卻不快樂。”4.'The more you make,the more you want.The more you have,the less it brings you joy[n.歡樂;高興;樂趣],” says Daniel[n.男子名,丹尼爾,丹尼爾書] Gilbert[n.起磁力的c.g.s.單位],a psychology[n.心理學(xué)] professor[n.教授] at Harvard[n.哈佛大學(xué)].“We incorrectly[(incorrect):adj.不正確的,錯(cuò)誤的] assume[v.假定,以為] we'll get more pleasure from more,and we don't.” 4.“你賺得越多,欲望就越多。你擁有的越多,得到的喜悅就越少。”哈佛大學(xué)心理學(xué)教授丹尼爾·吉爾勃特說:“我們誤以為我們會(huì)因?yàn)閾碛性蕉喽鞓罚鋵?shí)不會(huì)。”5.The things money can buy don't make you happy either.A lot of research[n.研究;調(diào)查] suggests[(suggest):vt.建議;提議] that you won't find the “good life” buying expensive “toys.” You finally[adv.最后;最終] buy that BMW you've always wanted and it soon loses its appeal[n.吸引力].Then,instead of wondering[(wonder):vt.想知道] if a new car is what really makes you happy,you decide you just need a different new car.It's an endless[a.無止境的] cycle[vi.騎自行車].5.能用金錢買到的東西也不會(huì)讓你開心。很多研究顯示你不會(huì)因?yàn)橘I了昂貴的“玩具”而得到“美滿人生”。你終于買的夢(mèng)寐以求的寶馬汽車,它很快就喪失了吸引力,然后你不思考一部新車是否真能令你快樂,你認(rèn)定自己只要再買一部新車就好了,這種循環(huán)沒完沒了。

6.To really be happy,you need to understand what makes you happy in the first place.One secret of happiness[n.幸福;愉快]: people.Surveys[(survey):n.have found that people need people.Those who have five or more close 調(diào)查]

friends are 50 percent[n.百分之…] more likely to describe[vt.描寫,描述] themselves as “very happy.” Good relationships[(relationship):n.關(guān)系] have a far greater effect[n.效果;作用] on happiness[n.幸福;愉快] than large raises[(raise):vt.使升高;飼養(yǎng) vt.飼養(yǎng)] in salary[n.薪水].Andrew[n.安德魯] Oswald is an economist[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家] at England's University[n.大學(xué)] of Warwick.He says,“If you're looking for happiness[n.in life,find the right husband or wife rather than trying to double 幸福;愉快]

your salary[n.薪水].” 6.為了要真正的快樂,首先你必須了解什么讓你快樂。快樂的一個(gè)秘訣在于中油職稱外語考試2010版

人。一些調(diào)查報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)人與人彼此需要。擁有五個(gè)或更多親密朋友的人自認(rèn)“非常快樂”的機(jī)會(huì)高出他人50%。美滿的人際關(guān)系對(duì)能否快樂的影響程度遠(yuǎn)勝于薪水大幅調(diào)升。安德魯·奧斯瓦德是英國華威大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家,他說:“如果你在尋覓幸福人生,找一個(gè)合適的配偶吧,而不是想辦法賺兩倍的薪水。”7.So invest[v.投入(時(shí)間等);投資] your time and energy[n.精力;能量] in people.The payoff[n.報(bào)酬;報(bào)償] is much bigger in terms of happiness[n.幸福;愉快]!7.所以把時(shí)間和精力投資在人身上吧,就快樂而言,回報(bào)會(huì)更大!

六.How Americans View[n.風(fēng)景;景色;眺望;觀察] Love 美國人的愛情觀

1.An old song says that “l(fā)ove makes the world go around.” If you watch Americans on Valentine's[(valentine):情人,情人節(jié)禮物] Day,you can believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] it.The whole country breaks out with little red hearts.Love-struck people give cards,flowers and candy[n.糖;巧克力] to their sweethearts[(sweetheart):n.an annual[adj.每年的] celebration[n.慶祝] of 情人,愛人].You might[v.aux.可能;也許] call it love.1、有一首老歌中唱道“愛讓世界轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”。如果你看到美國人是如何慶祝情人節(jié)的,你便會(huì)相信這句話。這一天在美國不論你走到哪里都能看到一顆顆小紅心。墜入愛河中的人向自己的心上人贈(zèng)送卡片、鮮花和糖果。你可以將情人節(jié)稱之為一年一度的愛的慶賀日。

2.The American concept[n.概念,觀念] of love and romance[n.浪漫文學(xué),浪漫故事] begins with dating.Young people date in several ways.At first they might[v.aux.have group dates with several boys and girls together.Later,they 可能;也許]

start going on single[adj.單個(gè)的;單一的] dates-just one boy and one girl.Sometimes a boy and a girl will go to a movie[n.電影].Maybe they will go to a party at a friend's house.Or they might[v.aux.可能;也許] go out to eat.2.美國人的愛情和浪漫始于約會(huì)。年輕人有幾種約會(huì)方式。最開始,他們可能是好幾個(gè)男孩和女孩都參加的集體約會(huì)。之后,他們單獨(dú)出去約會(huì)――只有一男一女。有時(shí)他們會(huì)去看電影,也可能一起去參加朋友的聚會(huì),或一起出去吃飯。

3.When two couple[n.夫婦;一對(duì)] go out together,it's called double dating.A friend might[v.aux.可能;也許] even arrange[vt.籌備;整理;調(diào)解] a blind[adj.瞎的] date for you with someone you don't know.That doesn't mean you keep your eyes closed the whole evening!You just don't know who your partner[n.搭檔,合作者] will be until the time of the date.If someone asks you out on any kind of date,and you don't want to go,you may politely say,“No,thanks.” 3.如果兩對(duì)男女一起出去,這叫做雙重約會(huì)。一個(gè)朋友還可能為你和陌生人安排一個(gè)“蒙眼約會(huì)”。那并不是說你整個(gè)晚上都緊閉雙目。只是在約會(huì)之前你并不知道你的約會(huì)對(duì)象是誰。如果有人請(qǐng)你出去約會(huì),不管是哪種約會(huì),假若中油職稱外語考試2010版

你不想去,你都可以禮貌地說聲“不,謝謝!”4.Americans view[n.風(fēng)景;景色;眺望;觀察] dating differently from people in other culture[n.文化].American young people see a date as a time just to have fun.They don't always have a romantic[adj.浪漫的] interest in mind.Someone may go out with one person this week,and another person the next.After a while,a boy and a girl may decide they want to go steady[a.穩(wěn)固地;平穩(wěn)地].This means they think of each other as boyfriend[n.男朋友] and girlfriend[n.女朋友].It also means they don't want to date anyone else.Romance[n.浪漫文學(xué),浪漫故事] is beginning to bloom[v.開花 n.花].4、對(duì)于約會(huì),美國人與別的文化國度的人有不同的看法。美國的年輕人把約會(huì)看成是玩得開心的時(shí)間,并不一定就抱著浪漫的念頭。有的人可能這星期與一個(gè)人出去,下星期又與另外一個(gè)人出去。經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后,一個(gè)男孩和一個(gè)女孩可能決定保持穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。這意味著他們把彼此看成“男朋友和女朋友”,這也意味著他們不想與別的人約會(huì)。浪漫之花開始綻放。

5.Romantic[adj.浪漫的] love is very much a part of American culture[n.文化].Movies[(movie):n.電影],TV shows and books in America all picture people falling in love.Americans know no romance[n.浪漫文學(xué),浪漫故事] is perfect[a.完美的;極好的],but still they try to find the ideal[adj.理想的,完滿的] person.Actually[(actual):a.實(shí)際的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的],love is a pan of every culture[n.文化],not just American culture[n.文化].People all over the world search[n.&v.搜尋;搜查] for happiness[n.幸福;愉快] in a loving relationship[n.關(guān)系].Maybe love does make the world go around.5、浪漫愛情是美國文化的重要組成部分。美國的電影、電視和書籍都描繪人們?nèi)绾螇嬋霅酆印C绹酥罌]有哪段愛情是完美的,但他們還是努力去尋找自己的意中人。事實(shí)上,愛不僅僅是美國文化,而是每種文化的組成部分。全世界的人們都在愛中尋求幸福。也許確實(shí)是愛使世界轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。

七.Carbon-based Alternative[adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同的] 碳基替代燃料

1.Although[conj.盡管,雖然] recent[adj.最近的;近來的] years have seen substantial[adj.reductions[(reduction):n.減少,降低] in noxious[adj.有害的,有毒的] pollutants[(pollutant):n.可觀的,重大的]

污染物質(zhì)] from individual[n.個(gè)人,個(gè)體] motor vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛], the number of such vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] has been steadily[ad.穩(wěn)定地;穩(wěn)固地] increasing[(increase):vt.Consequently[ad.因此,因而,所以], more than 100 cities in the United[(unite):vi.&vt.增加;繁殖].聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié)] States[(state):n.國家;(美國的)州] still have levels[(level):n.水平線;水平] of carbon[n.碳] monoxide[n.一氧化物], particulate[n.微粒 a.微粒的] matter, and ozone[n.新鮮的空氣,臭氧](generated[(generate):v.發(fā)生] by photochemical[a.光化學(xué)的] reactions[(reaction):n.反應(yīng)] with hydrocarbons[(hydrocarbon):n.碳化氫] from vehicle[n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] exhaust[vt.使筋疲力盡;用盡])that exceed[v.超過] legally[(legal):adj.法律(上)的,合法的,法定的] established[(establish):v.使人接受(信仰、風(fēng)俗、要求等)] limits[(limit):vt.限制;減少].There is a growing realization[n.意識(shí)到,領(lǐng)悟] that the only effective[adj.有效的] way to achieve[vt.完成;達(dá)到] further[ad.更遠(yuǎn)地;進(jìn)一步地] 中油職稱外語考試2010版

reductions[(reduction):n.減少,降低] in vehicle[n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] emissions-short of a massive[adj.巨大的] shift[v.移動(dòng)] away from the private[a.私人的] automobile-is to replace[vt.conventional[a.傳統(tǒng)的,符合習(xí)俗的] diesel[n.柴油] fuel[n.燃料] and gasoline[n.(美)汽油] with 取代]

cleaner-burning fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] such as compressed[a.壓縮的] natural[adj.自然的;天然的] gas[n.煤氣;汽油;天然氣].liquefied[adj.液化的] petroleum[n.石油] gas[n.煤氣;汽油;天然氣], ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精], or methanol[n.甲醇].1.盡管近幾年來私人機(jī)動(dòng)車輛排放的有害污染物已有相當(dāng)程度的減少,但這類車輛的數(shù)量卻仍在穩(wěn)定地增長。因此,美國100多個(gè)城市仍然存在著超過法律限定的一氧化碳、懸浮顆粒物和臭氧(由于車輛排出氣體中碳?xì)浠衔锝?jīng)過光化反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生)。人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到實(shí)現(xiàn)車輛尾氣排放更進(jìn)一步減少的唯一有效方法--大規(guī)模消減私人小汽車除外--是用燃燒更為清潔的燃料,如壓縮天然氣、液化石油氣、乙醇或甲醇代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)的柴油和汽油。

2.All of these alternatives[(alternative):adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同的] are carbon-based fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] whose molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子] are smaller and simpler than those of gasoline[n.(美)汽油].These molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子] burn more cleanly than gasoline[n.(美)汽油], in part because they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds[(bond):n.債券] and the hydrocarbons[(hydrocarbon):n.碳化氫] they do emit[vt.散發(fā);發(fā)射;發(fā)表] are less likely to generate[v.發(fā)生] ozone[n.新鮮的空氣,臭氧].The combustion[n.燃燒,氧化] of larger molecules[(molecule):n.分子,克分子], which have multiple[a.多重的,多樣的] carbon-carbon bonds[(bond):n.債券] involves[(involve):v.使(某事)成為必要條件或結(jié)果] a more complex[adj.難于理解或解釋的;復(fù)雜的] series[n.系列] of reactions[(reaction):n.反應(yīng)].These reactions[(reaction):n.反應(yīng)] increase[vt.增加;繁殖] the probability[n.可能性] of incomplete combustion[n.燃燒,氧化] and are more likely to release[v.釋放] uncombusted and photochemically[(photochemical):a.光化學(xué)的] active[a.積極的;主動(dòng)的] hydrocarbon[n.碳化氫] compounds[(compound):v.增加,加重 n.化合物] into the atmosphere[n.氛圍].On the other hand, alternative[adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同的] fuels[(fuel):n.燃料] do have drawbacks[(drawback):n.不利條件,缺點(diǎn),弊端].Compressed[a.壓縮的] natural[adj.自然的;天然的] gas[n.煤氣;would require[vt.需要;要求] that vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] have set of heavy 汽油;天然氣]

fuel[n.燃料] tanks-a serious liability[n.不利條件] in terms of performance[n.演出;表演] and fuel[n.燃料] efficiency-and liquefied[adj.液化的] petroleum[n.石油] gas[n.煤氣;faces fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] limits[(limit):vt.限制;減少] on supply[vt.供給,供應(yīng)].汽油;天然氣]

2.所有這些替代物都是碳基燃料,它的分子要比汽油的小而簡單。這些分子要比汽油燃燒得更為清潔,部分是因?yàn)樗麄兲?碳鍵較少,而且即使會(huì)釋放出碳?xì)浠衔铮膊惶赡軙?huì)成為臭氧。較大分子的燃燒,由于它們具有多重碳-碳,伴隨著更為復(fù)雜的一系列反應(yīng)。這些反應(yīng)增加了不完全燃燒得可能性并且易于放出未燃燒的、易起光化反應(yīng)的碳?xì)浠衔镝尫诺酱髿庵小牧硪环矫鎭碚f,替代燃料也有缺點(diǎn)。壓縮天然氣要求車輛有一套沉重的燃料箱--在外觀和燃料效率方面有嚴(yán)重的不利之處--并且液化石油氣面臨著基本的供應(yīng)量限制。3.Ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精] and methanol[n.甲醇], on the other hand, have important advantages[(advantage):n.優(yōu)點(diǎn);好處] over other carbon-based alternative[adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同13 中油職稱外語考試2010版

fuels[(fuel):n.燃料]: they have higher energy[n.精力;能量] content[adj.甘愿的;滿意的 n.內(nèi)容] per[prep.每;一] volume[n.數(shù)量,總額] and would require[vt.需要;要求] minimal[adj.最低限度的,最小的] changes in the existing[(exist):vi.存在] network[n.網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)] for distributing[(distribute):v.分發(fā),分配] motor fuel[n.燃料].Ethanol[n.乙醇,酒精] is commonly used as a gasoline[n.(美)supplement[n.增刊,副刊], but it is currently[(current):adj.當(dāng)前的;現(xiàn)今的] about twice as 汽油]

expensive as methanol[n.甲醇], the low cost of which is one of its attractive[adj.有吸引力] features[(feature):v.給某物顯著地位,將…特寫].Methanol's[(methanol):n.甲醇] most attractive[adj.有吸引力] feature[v.給某物顯著地位,將…特寫], however[然而;可是;盡管如此], is that it can reduce[vt.減少;縮減] by about 90 percent[n.百分之…] the vehicle[n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] emissions[(emission):n.發(fā)出物,散發(fā)物;發(fā)出,散發(fā)] that form ozone[n.新鮮的空氣,臭氧], the most serious urban[adj.市鎮(zhèn)的] air pollutant[n.污染物質(zhì)].的]3.從另一個(gè)方面來看,乙醇和甲醇具有由于其他碳基替代燃料的重要優(yōu)勢(shì):它們?cè)趩挝蝗萘肯掠懈叩哪芰亢浚⑶抑恍枰诂F(xiàn)存的配送燃料的網(wǎng)絡(luò)中做很小的變更。乙醇通常用作汽油的補(bǔ)充燃料,但它現(xiàn)在的價(jià)格是甲醇的兩倍,后者的低成本是具有吸引力的特征之一。不過,甲醇最吸引人的特征是它能夠?qū)⑿纬沙粞醯能囕v尾氣這一嚴(yán)重的城市空氣污染減少90%。

4.Like any alternative[adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同的] fuel[n.燃料], methanol[n.甲醇] has its critics[(critic):n.批評(píng)家].Yet much of the criticism[n.批評(píng)] is based[(base):n.根據(jù)地;基地] on the use of “gasoline[n.(美)汽油] clone[v.無性繁殖,克隆]” vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] that do not incorporate[v.使…并入] even the simplest design[vt.&n.設(shè)計(jì);繪制]

improvements[(improvement):n.改進(jìn),改善] that are made possible with the use of methanol[n.甲醇].It is true, for example, that a given volume[n.數(shù)量,總額] of methanol[n.甲醇] provides[(provide):vt.提供] only about one-half of the energy[n.精力;能量] that gasoline[n.(美)汽油] and diesel[n.柴油] fuel[n.燃料] do;other things being equal[adj.平等的;均等的], the fuel[n.燃料] tank[n.儲(chǔ)水容器] would have to be somewhat[adv.有些] larger and heavier.However[然而;可是;盡管如此], since melhanol-fueled vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] could be designed[(design):vt.&n.設(shè)計(jì);繪制] to be much more efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的] than “gasoline[n.(美)汽油] clone[v.無性繁殖,克隆]” vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] fueled[(fuel):n.燃料] with methanol[n.甲醇] they would need comparatively[(comparative):a.比較的,相對(duì)的] less fuel[n.燃料].Vehicles[(vehicle):n.機(jī)動(dòng)車輛] incorporating[(incorporate):v.使…并入] only the simplest of the engine[n.引擎;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)] improvements[(improvement):n.改進(jìn),改善] that methanol[n.甲醇] makes feasible[a.可行的;可能的] would still contribute[v.導(dǎo)致] to an immediate[a.立即的;直接的] lessening[(lessen):v.減少] of urban[adj.市鎮(zhèn)的] air pollution[n.污染].4.像任何替代燃料一樣,甲醇也有對(duì)其的批評(píng)意見。然而,大部分批評(píng)都是針對(duì)“克隆汽油車”的,這些車并沒有為使用甲醇而做出哪怕最簡單的設(shè)計(jì)上的改進(jìn)。這些批評(píng)意見是對(duì)的,舉例來說,一定容量的甲醇只能供給汽油和柴油燃料所能供給的能力的一伴。在其他條件相同時(shí),不得不將車輛的燃料箱做的較大和較沉些。然而,因?yàn)闊状嫉能囕v可以被設(shè)計(jì)成比燒甲醇的“克隆汽油車”更有效率的車輛,所以它們只需要比較少的燃料。車輛只要包含為使用甲醇而中油職稱外語考試2010版

作的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)方面最簡單的改進(jìn),也將為迅速減輕城市空氣污染做出貢獻(xiàn)。

八.Our Family Creed[n.信仰,信條] 家族的信條

1.They are the principles[(principle):n.原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道] on which my wife and I have tried to bring up our family.They are the principles[(principle):n.原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道] in which my father believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] and by which he governed[(govern):vt.統(tǒng)治,管理] his life.They are the principles[(principle):n.原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道],many of them,which I learned at my mother's knee[n.膝蓋].1、這些是我和我太太在教育子女的時(shí)候所盡力倚仗的信條,這些是我父親所深信并以之為人生律條的信條,這些信條中的大部分是我從母親的膝下秉承而來的。2.They point the way to usefulness and happiness[n.幸福;愉快] in life,to courage[n.勇氣,膽略] and peace[n.和平] in death[n.死].2、這些信條告訴人們?nèi)绾慰鞓范兴鳛榈鼗钪哺嬖V人們?nèi)绾斡赂叶苍數(shù)孛鎸?duì)死亡。

3.If they mean to you what they mean to me,they may perhaps be helpful also to our sons for their guidance[n.指導(dǎo)] and inspiration[n.靈感].3、假如這些信條于諸位的意義如同它們于我的意義,那么也許它們可以有效地指導(dǎo)和鼓舞我們的兒女們。4.Let me state[n.國家;(美國的)州] them:

4、讓我說出這些信條:

5.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] in the supreme[adj.最大(程度)的,極度的] worth[adj.值......的] of the individual[n.個(gè)人,個(gè)體] and in his right to life,liberty[n.自由 n.權(quán)利],and the pursuit[n.從事的事務(wù),研究] of happiness[n.幸福;愉快].5、我相信,個(gè)人擁有無上的價(jià)值,擁有生存、自由和追求幸福的權(quán)利。6.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that every right implies[(imply):v.暗示,含有…意思] a responsibility[n.責(zé)任];every opportunity[n.機(jī)會(huì)],an obligation[n.義務(wù),職責(zé),責(zé)任];every possession[n.所有;擁有;財(cái)產(chǎn);所有物],a duty.6、我相信,每一項(xiàng)權(quán)利都必然包含著責(zé)任,每一個(gè)機(jī)遇都必然包含著義務(wù),每一種獲得都必然包含著職責(zé)。

7.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that the law[n.法律,法令] was made for man and not man for the law[n.法律,法令];that government[n.政府] is the servant[n.仆人] of the people and not their master[vt.精通;掌握].7、我相信,法律為人而制,而非人為法律而生,政府是人民的公仆,而非人民的主人。

8.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;in the dignity[n.尊嚴(yán)] of labor[n.勞動(dòng)],whether with head 認(rèn)為]

or hand;that the world owes[(owe):vt.欠(債等)] no man a living but that it 中油職稱外語考試2010版

owes[(owe):vt.欠(債等)] every man an opportunity[n.機(jī)會(huì)] to make a living.8、我相信,無論體力勞動(dòng)還是腦力勞動(dòng)都是高尚的,世界不會(huì)讓人不勞而獲,而會(huì)給人-次謀生的機(jī)會(huì)。

9.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that thrift[n.節(jié)儉,節(jié)約] is essential[adj.不可缺少的;必要的] to well-ordered[a.安排得很好的] living and that economy[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)] is a prime[a.首要的,主要的;最好的,第一流的] requisite[a.需要的n.必需品] of a sound financial[adj.財(cái)政的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的] structure[v.組織,安排],whether in government[n.政府],business,or personal[adj.私人的;個(gè)人的] affairs[(affair):n.事情;事].9、我相信,無論在政府、商業(yè)還是個(gè)人事務(wù)中,勤儉節(jié)約都是合理安排生活之基本要素,而經(jīng)濟(jì)適用是健全的金融機(jī)制之必需。

10.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that truth[n.真相;實(shí)際情況] and justice[n.正義,公正] are fundamental[a.基本的,根本的] to an enduring[adj.持續(xù)的,持久的] social[adj.社會(huì)的;社交的] order.10、我相信,真理和正義是任何一個(gè)長治久安的社會(huì)秩序之基礎(chǔ)。

11.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] in the sacredness[(sacred):adj.神圣的] of a promise[vi.&vt.允諾;答應(yīng)],that a man's word should be as good as his bond[n.債券],that character-not wealth[n.財(cái)富,or power[n.力;動(dòng)力;or position-is of supreme[adj.財(cái)產(chǎn)] 電力] 最大(程度)的,極度的] worth[adj.值......的].11、我相信,承諾是神圣的;我也相信,假如人的言語能和契約同樣可靠,那么這種品質(zhì)-而非財(cái)富、權(quán)勢(shì)與身份地位--就具有至高無上的價(jià)值。12.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that the rendering[(render):v.使得,使成為] of useful service[n.服務(wù)] is the common duty of mankind[n.人類] and that only in the purifying[(purify):vt.提純,精煉(金屬)] fire of sacrifice[v.犧牲] is the dross[n.浮渣,碎屑,渣滓] of selfishness[(selfish):adj.自私的] consumed[(consume):v.消耗,消費(fèi);心中總想著] and the greatness of the human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] soul[n.靈魂;心靈;氣魄] set free.12、我相信,人類共同的職責(zé)是有用地服務(wù)社會(huì),只有在自我犧牲的煉火中,自私的沉渣才會(huì)被焚為灰燼,人類靈魂中的偉大情操才會(huì)顯現(xiàn)。

13.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;in an all-wise and all-loving God[n.神;認(rèn)為](大寫)上帝],named by whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物;無論什么;不管什么] name,and that the individual's[(individual):n.個(gè)人,個(gè)體] highest fulfillment[n.滿意,滿足],greatest happiness[n.幸福;愉快],and widest usefulness are to be found in living in harmony[n.和諧] with his will.13、我相信,有一位無所不知、大慈大悲的上帝存在--盡管人們對(duì)他的稱呼各不相同--人們能在與他的意志相和諧的生活過程中得到最高的滿足感、最大的幸福感,以及最廣博的成就感。

14.I believe[vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] that love is the greatest thing in the world;that it alone can overcome[v.戰(zhàn)勝,克服] hate;that right can and will triumph[n.勝利] over might[v.aux.可能;也許].14、我相信,世界上最偉大的事物就是愛,只有愛能夠戰(zhàn)勝仇恨,而真理能中油職稱外語考試2010版

夠而且必定能擊敗強(qiáng)權(quán)。

15.These are the principles[(principle):n.原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道],however[然而;可是;盡管如此] formulated[(formulate):v.確切地表達(dá)(某思想)],for which all good men and women throughout[prep.遍及;貫穿] the world,irrespective[adj.不考慮的,不顧及的] of race or creed[n.信仰,信條],education[n.教育;培養(yǎng)],social[adj.社會(huì)的;社交的] position[n.位置],or occupation[n.(formal)工作,職業(yè)],are standing,and for which many of them are suffering[(suffer):vt.遭受;忍受 vi.受痛苦;受損害] and dying.15、無論怎樣表達(dá),以上就是那些信條-世界上所有不計(jì)種族、信仰、宗教、地位或職業(yè)的善良的人們所代表的信條--而且正是為了這些信條,他們中許多人正在忍受折磨,甚至正在死去。

16.These are the principles[(principle):n.原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道] upon[prep.在...上] which alone a new world recognizing[(recognize):vt.認(rèn)出(=recongnise)] the brotherhood[n.兄弟般的關(guān)系] of man and the fatherhood[n.父親的身分,父權(quán)] of God[n.神;(大寫)上帝] can be established[(establish):v.使人接受(信仰、風(fēng)俗、要求等)].16、只有憑借這些信條,人類才能建立起人人如手足、上帝如慈父的新世界。

九、The art of public[adj.公共的;公開的] Speaking 公共演講的藝術(shù)

1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public[adj.公共的;公開的] speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.將來某個(gè)時(shí)候,過去某個(gè)時(shí)間] in your life.When it does,you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech[n.in your life,you still have much to gain[vt.贏得;掙得] from studying public[adj.演講]

公共的;公開的] speaking.Your speech[n.演講] class will give you training in researching[(research):n.研究;調(diào)查] topics[(topic):n.話題],organizing[(organize):vt.組織] your ideas,and presenting yourself skillfully[(skillful):adj.嫻熟的;熟練的].The training is invaluable[adj.價(jià)值高得無法估量的;極寶貴的] for every type[vt.打字 n.類型] of communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通].1、在你生活的某個(gè)時(shí)刻,幾乎必定需要做某種有影響力的公開演講。當(dāng)這個(gè)時(shí)刻來到時(shí),你希望自己十分有把握。但是,即便你從未發(fā)表過一個(gè)演講,你仍然會(huì)從學(xué)習(xí)公共演說中獲益良多。你的演講課將會(huì)在研究主題、組織思路、和表現(xiàn)技巧方面對(duì)你進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。這種訓(xùn)練對(duì)任何類型的交流都是非常寶貴的。2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,類似] between public[adj.公共的;公開speaking and daily conversation[n.談話;交談].The three major[a.較大的;主要的] goals 的]

of speaking-to inform[vt.告訴,通知],to persuade[vt.說服;勸說],to entertain-are also the three major[a.較大的;主要的] goals of everyday[adj.每日的,日常的] conversation[n.談話;In conversation[n.談話;交談],almost without thinking about it,you employ[vt.交談].a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能;技巧].You organize[vt.組織] your ideas 雇用]

logically[(logical):adj.合邏輯的;推理正確的].You tailor your message to your audience[n.聽眾].You tell a story for maximum[n.&a.最大量(的)] impact[n.影響].You adapt[v.使適應(yīng),17 中油職稱外語考試2010版

to feedback[n.回授,反饋,反應(yīng)] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能;技巧] you will need for public[adj.公共的;公開的] speaking.使適合]

2、在公開演講和日常交談之間有許多類似的東西。演說的三個(gè)主要目的是:傳達(dá)、說服、吸引,這些也是日常交談的三個(gè)主要目的。在交談中,你已經(jīng)不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有條理地組織你的觀點(diǎn),你根據(jù)聽眾修改信息。你選擇講述某個(gè)故事以取得最大的效果。你從聽眾的反饋中改變自己。這些是你在公開演講時(shí)所需要的最重要的技巧。

3.Of course,public[adj.公共的;公開的] speaking is also different from conversation[n.談話;交談].First,public[adj.公共的;公開的] speaking is more highly structured[(structure):v.組織,安排] than conversation[n.談話;交談].It usually imposes[(impose):v.加(負(fù)擔(dān)、懲罰等)于] strict time limitations[(limitation):n.局限] on the speaker,and it requires[(require):vt.需要;要求] more detailed[(detail):n.細(xì)節(jié)] preparation[n.準(zhǔn)備] than dose[n.劑量] ordinary[adj.普通的;平常的] conversation[n.談話;交談].Second,speechmaking requires[(require):vt.需要;要求] more formal[adj.正式的] language.Listeners react[v.反應(yīng)] negatively[(negative):a.負(fù)面的,不良的] to speeches[(speech):n.演講] loaded[(load):n.擔(dān)子;貨物] with slang[n.俚語;行話,黑話],jargon[n.行話],and bad grammar[n.語法].Third,public[adj.公共的;公開的] speaking demands[(demand):vt.要求] a different method[n.方法,辦法] of delivery[n.(貨物或郵件的)投遞,送交].Effective[adj.有效的] speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] adjust[v.調(diào)整] their voices[(voice):n.說話聲;嗓音] to the larger audience[n.聽眾] and work at avoiding[(avoid):v.避免] distracting[(distract):v.分散;轉(zhuǎn)移(注意力)] physical[a.身體的;體力上] mannerism[n.(言語、寫作中的)特殊習(xí)慣,怪癖] and verbal[adj.文字的,用文字的] habits[(habit):n.習(xí)慣;習(xí)性].3、當(dāng)然,公開演說不同于交談。首先,公開演講比交談要有更高的組織結(jié)構(gòu)性。公開演說者通常受嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間限制,故此它需要比普通交談更細(xì)致的準(zhǔn)備。其次,公開演說需要使用正式語言。聽眾對(duì)充滿俚語、行話、和語法錯(cuò)誤的講話反應(yīng)消極。第三,公開演說需要用一種不同聲調(diào)和姿勢(shì)。有影響力的演說者調(diào)整他的聲調(diào)去面對(duì)大量的觀眾,力求避免分散人注意力的身體習(xí)慣動(dòng)作,力求避免習(xí)慣性口頭語。

4.One of the major[a.較大的;主要的] concerns[(concern):n.憂慮,焦慮] of students in any speech[n.演講] class is stage[n.舞臺(tái);時(shí)期;階段] fright[n.害怕,恐怖,驚恐].Actually[(actual):a.實(shí)successful[adj.成功的;有成就的] speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] are nervous[adj.際的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的],most 緊張不安的] before making a speech[n.演講].Your speech[n.演講] class will give you an opportunity[n.機(jī)會(huì)] to gain[vt.贏得;掙得] confidence[n.信心] and make your nervousness[(nervous):adj.緊張不安的] work for you rather than against you.You will take a big step toward overcoming[(overcome):v.戰(zhàn)勝,克服] stage[n.舞臺(tái);時(shí)期;階段] fright[n.害怕,恐怖,驚恐] if you think positively[(positive):adj.積極的],choose speech[n.演講]

topics[(topic):n.話題] you really care about,prepare[vt.準(zhǔn)備;調(diào)制;配制] thoroughly[adv.完全地],and concentrate[v.專心致志于] on communicating[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.傳送] with your audience[n.聽眾].Like many students over the years,you too can develop confidence[n.信心] in your speechmaking abilities[(ability):n.能力;才能].中油職稱外語考試2010版

4、在任何一個(gè)演講教室里,學(xué)生最主要的擔(dān)心之一就是怕上臺(tái)。事實(shí)上,最成功的演說家在發(fā)表一場(chǎng)演講之前也會(huì)緊張。你的演講教室將給你一個(gè)獲得信心的機(jī)會(huì),讓你的緊張的神經(jīng)幫助你而不是阻礙你。如果你能這樣積極地考慮,你將會(huì)朝著戰(zhàn)勝怯場(chǎng)的方向邁進(jìn)一大步:選擇你真正關(guān)心的演講主題,充分地準(zhǔn)備,集中精力與你的聽眾溝通。如同過去的許多同學(xué)一樣,你同樣能夠在你的演講能力上提高信心。

5.The speech[n.演講] communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] process[n.過程;步驟] as a whole includes[(include):vt.包含;包括] seven elements-speaker,message,channel,listener,feedback[n.回授,反饋,反應(yīng)],interference[n.干涉,妨礙],and situation[n.形勢(shì);情況].The speaker is the person who initiates[(initiate):v.開始,發(fā)起] a speech[n.演講] transaction[n.事務(wù),交易].Whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物;無論什么;不管什么] the speaker communicates[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.傳送] is the message,which is sent by means of a particular[adj.特殊的;特別的] channel.The listener receives the communicated[(communicate):vi.交往 vt.傳送] message and may provide[vt.提供] feedback[n.回授,反饋,反應(yīng)] to the speaker.Interference[n.干涉,妨礙] is anything that impedes[(impede):v.妨礙;阻礙,阻止] the communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);of a message,and the situation[n.形勢(shì);情況] is the time and place in which 交通]

speech[n.演講] communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通] occurs[(occur):vi.發(fā)生].The interaction[n.交seven elements[(element):n.要素,基本構(gòu)成部分] is what determines[(determine):vt.&vi.流] of these 決定;決心] the outcome[n.結(jié)果,效果] in any instance[n.例子,事例] of speech[n.演講] communication[n.通訊;傳達(dá);交通].5、語言交流的過程,整體而言包括七個(gè)要素:演說者、信息、溝通途徑、聽眾、反饋、外界干擾、和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)形態(tài)。演說者是演講事件的開始者。演說者傳遞的是信息,它必經(jīng)某種特定溝通途徑傳送出去。聽眾接受傳達(dá)到的信息,并且向演說者提供反饋。外界干擾是妨礙信息溝通的任何事物,而現(xiàn)場(chǎng)形態(tài)是演說發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。這七個(gè)要素的相互作用決定任何情況下演說交流的效果。6.Because speechmaking is a form of power[n.力;動(dòng)力;電力],it carries with it heavy ethical[adj.道德的,合乎道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的] responsibilities[(responsibility):n.責(zé)任].Ethical[adj.道德的,合乎道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的] speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] use sound means to achieve[vt.完成;達(dá)到] sound goals.They do this by being well informed[(inform):vt.告訴,通知] about their subjects by being honest[adj.誠實(shí)的;正直的] in what they say,by using sound evidence[n.證據(jù)],and by employing[(employ):vt.雇用] valid[a.有效的;正當(dāng)?shù)腯 reasoning[(reason):n.理由;原因].6、因?yàn)檠葜v是力量的一種表現(xiàn)形態(tài),它承載著很重的道德責(zé)任。有道德的演說者用聲音的方式去實(shí)現(xiàn)聲音的目的。他們通過很好闡述他們的主題、通過誠實(shí)于他們所說的話、通過使用可靠的論據(jù)、以及通過正確的評(píng)論做這件事。

十.A Gentleman[n.紳士;先生] 何為紳士 中油職稱外語考試2010版

The Victorian[維多利亞時(shí)代的] gentleman[n.紳士;先生] must have been really something to behold[v.目睹,看見] if the following article[n.文章] is true.For any woman who has dreamed[(dream):vt.&n.夢(mèng);夢(mèng)想] of “Knight[n.騎士] in shining armor[n.盔甲]”,the perfect[a.完美的;極好的] man,or just a man who would give up the TV remote[adj.control[vt.控制],you have found him here.Remember,these gentleman[n.遙遠(yuǎn)的;偏僻的]

紳士;先生] mostly existed[(exist):vi.存在] in the Victorian[維多利亞時(shí)代的] era[n.時(shí)代,年代].Few of us may be lucky enough to find one in the 20th century.For those of you still looking,you may get some good tips[(tip):n.梢,末端;小費(fèi)] on things to look for in a man.For those of you who are married[(marry):vt.&vi.使成婚;結(jié)婚],take heart and remember,your husband may not resemble[v.相像] the “Victorian[維多利亞時(shí)代的] Gentleman[n.紳士;先生]”,but you love him anyway[ad.不管怎樣].如果下面這篇文章是真實(shí)的,那莪維多利亞女王的紳士真的值得關(guān)注了。對(duì)于那些夢(mèng)想找到一個(gè)“身穿光亮鎧甲的騎士”、一個(gè)完美男人或者一個(gè)僅僅是放棄電視要哦那個(gè)的男人的女人來說,你在這里就可以找到了。記住,這些紳士大多存在于維多利亞時(shí)代.在21世紀(jì),很少有人能夠幸運(yùn)地找到一個(gè)。對(duì)于那些在尋找的人,你可能在尋求的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上得到一些好的提示,對(duì)于那些已經(jīng)結(jié)婚的人來說,你們要有信息并且記得,你的丈夫可能不像“維多利亞女王時(shí)代的紳士”,但是不管怎么樣,你愛他。What is a gentleman[n.紳士;先生]? 到底什么樣的人才算得上一個(gè)紳士呢It is almost a definition[n.定義] of a gentleman[n.紳士;先生] to say he is one who never inflicts[(inflict):v.使遭受(損傷、痛苦等)] pain.This description[n.描述;描寫] is both refined[(refine):v.使變得完善;改進(jìn)] and,as far as it goes,accurate[a.準(zhǔn)確的,正確無誤的].He is mainly[adv.大體上;主要地] occupied[(occupy):v.占領(lǐng);忙于] in merely[adv.僅僅;只不過] removing[(remove):vt.移動(dòng);拿走;脫掉(衣服等)] the obstacles[(obstacle):n.障礙(物),妨礙] which hinder[vt.阻礙,妨礙] the free and unembarassed action[n.行動(dòng)] of those about him,and he concurs[(concur):v.同意,觀點(diǎn)一致] with their movements[(movement):n.動(dòng)作,活動(dòng)] rather than takes the initiative[n.主動(dòng)的行動(dòng),倡議] himself.紳士是個(gè)從來都不會(huì)給人帶來痛苦的人,這幾乎成了紳士的定義。這一描述不僅精煉,而且現(xiàn)在看來也依然是準(zhǔn)確的。他的主要職責(zé)就是消除那些阻礙周圍的人自如行動(dòng)的障礙。而且他與其他人行動(dòng)一致,而不是采取主動(dòng)。His benefits[(benefit):n.好處] may be considered[(consider):vt.考慮] as parallel[a.平行的;to what are called comforts[(comfort):n.安慰;慰藉 vt.安慰] or conveniences[(convenience):n.相同的]

方便,合宜;便利設(shè)施,方便的用具] in arrangements[(arrangement):n.商定之事,協(xié)商;籌劃,準(zhǔn)備] of a personal[adj.私人的;個(gè)人的] nature[n.自然]: like an easy chair or a good fire,which do their part in dispelling[(dispel):vt.驅(qū)散,驅(qū)逐] cold and fatigue[n.疲乏,疲倦],though nature[n.自然] provides[(provide):vt.提供] both means of rest and animal heat[n.熱 vt.把......加熱] without them.他的益處相當(dāng)于個(gè)人生活中給人們帶來舒適或便利的事物,就像安樂椅或溫中油職稱外語考試2010版

暖的火,能夠驅(qū)除寒冷和疲勞,盡管沒有它們,大自然也能提供休息的場(chǎng)所,人也可以靠體溫來保持溫暖。

The true gentleman[n.紳士;先生] in like manner carefully avoids[(avoid):v.避免] whatever[pron.&conj.凡是......的事物;無論什么;不管什么] may cause[vt.促使;引起;使發(fā)生] ajar[adj.(門、窗等)微開的] or a jolt[n.震動(dòng);震驚v.顛簸,彈跳] in the minds of those with whom he is cast[n.clashing[(clash):n.碰撞聲;抵觸,沖突] of opinion[n.見解;看法],or collision[n.戲劇等的全體演員];---all 碰幢] of feeling,all restraint[n.克制,抑制,限制;約束措施,約束條件],or suspicion[n.懷疑],or gloom[n.憂郁,沮喪;昏暗,陰暗],or resentment[n.怨恨;忿恨];his great concern[n.憂慮,焦慮] being to make every one at their ease[v.緩和,減輕] and at home.同樣,真正的紳士會(huì)小心避免給接觸到的人造成思想上的混亂或震動(dòng)。他會(huì)小心避免給接觸到的人造成思想上的混亂或震動(dòng)。他會(huì)小心避免一切意見上的沖突,情感上的沖撞,避免一切拘束、懷疑、憂郁或怨恨;對(duì)他來說,讓每個(gè)人都覺得輕松自在是頭等大事。

He has his eyes on all his company[n.公司];he is tender[(tend):v.傾向于,趨于] towards the bashful[adj.害羞的,難為情的],gentle[a.和藹的;輕柔的] towards the distant[adj.遠(yuǎn)的;遙遠(yuǎn)的],and merciful[a.仁慈的,寬大的] towards the absurd[adj.荒謬的,可笑的;不合理的];he can rocollect to whom he is speaking;he guards[(guard):n.防護(hù)裝置;警戒] against unseasonable[a.不合時(shí)宜的] allusions[(allusion):n.提及,暗示],or topics[(topic):n.話題] which may irritate[vt.激怒;引起he is seldom[adv.很少;不常] prominent[adj.著名的,重要的] in conversation[n.談話;交談],and 不愉快];never wearisome[a.使疲倦的,使厭倦的,厭煩的].He makes light of favours[(favour):n.好感;贊同;恩while he does them and seems to be receiving when he is conferring[(confer):vt.惠]

贈(zèng)予,協(xié)議 vi.協(xié)商].他關(guān)注他周圍所有的人,他對(duì)害羞的人體貼,對(duì)冷淡的人溫和,對(duì)愚蠢的人寬容,他會(huì)注意談話的對(duì)象,他會(huì)提防不恰當(dāng)?shù)挠吧洌蚴且恍┛赡芰钊瞬话驳脑掝}。他很少在談話中突出自己。但也不令人感到乏味。在給別人幫助時(shí),他會(huì)輕描淡寫,讓人感覺他似乎是在接受幫助而不是給予幫助。

He never speaks of himself except when compelled[(compel):vt.強(qiáng)迫,迫使屈服],never defends[(defend):vt.防守;保衛(wèi)] himself by a mere[adj.僅僅] retort[v.反擊;反駁],he has no ears for slander[n.&vt.誹謗,詆毀] or gossip[n.閑聊],is crupulous in imputing[(impute):v.歸于,(尤指不公正地)歸咎于] motives[(motive):n.動(dòng)機(jī),目的] to those who interfere[v.干擾;妨礙;干涉,介入] with him,and interprets[(interpret):v.理解] everything for the best.他從不談?wù)撟约海乔閯?shì)所迫,他從不為自己辯護(hù),就連一句反駁也不說,他從不聽信閑言碎語,當(dāng)有人妨礙自己時(shí),他會(huì)極為審慎地推測(cè)他們這么做的動(dòng)機(jī);他會(huì)盡量把事情往好處想。

He is never mean or little in his disputes[(dispute):v.對(duì)…提出異議],never takes unfair[adj.不公平的] advantage[n.優(yōu)點(diǎn);好處],never mistakes personalities[(personality):n.個(gè)or sharp[adj.鋒利的;尖的] saying for arguments[(argument):n.辯論],or insinuates[(insinuate):vt.性]

暗示] evil[n.罪惡] which he dare[v.aux.敢;敢于] not say out.From a long-sighted[a.眼力好的,有先見之明的,卓見的] prudence[n.謹(jǐn)慎,小心],he ovserves the maxim[n.格言,普遍真理] of the 中油職稱外語考試2010版

ancient[adj.古代的;遠(yuǎn)古的] sage[n.哲人,圣賢之人],that we should ever conduct[vt.引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng)] ourselves towards our enemy[n.敵人;敵軍] as if he were one day to be our friend.爭(zhēng)論時(shí)他從不采取卑劣的手段,從不利用別人的弱點(diǎn),從不把他人的個(gè)性或尖銳的言辭當(dāng)作吵架的由頭,也不會(huì)含沙射影地說一些他不敢直接說出來的令人不舒服的話。基于有先見之明的深謀遠(yuǎn)慮,他尊奉先賢的格言,那就是我們對(duì)待敵人的態(tài)度要好像他將來某一天會(huì)成為我們的朋友一樣。

He has too much good sense[n.感覺;意識(shí)] to be affronted[被冒犯的] at insults[(insult):v.侮辱],he is too well employed[(employ):vt.雇用] to remember injuries[(injury):n.傷害;受傷處],and too indolent[adj.懶惰的] to bear malice[n.惡意].He is patient[n.病

resigned[adj.聽任于,順從],on principles[(principle):n.人],forbearing[(forbear):v.忍耐,克制,容忍],and 原則;原理;準(zhǔn)則,為人之道],he submits[(submit):vt.使服從 vi.服從] to pain,because it is inevitable[adj.不可避免的],to bereavement[n.喪失,死別],because it is irreparable[a.無法修復(fù)的,不可彌補(bǔ)的],and to death[n.死],because it is destiny[n.命運(yùn)].If he engages[(engage):v.從事] in controversy[n.爭(zhēng)論,爭(zhēng)議] of any kind,his disciplined[(discipline):n.克制,遵守紀(jì)律] intellect[n.智力,理解力] preserves[(preserve):v.保存] him from the blunder[vi.犯大錯(cuò) n.大錯(cuò)].他極為明智,能避免遭到侮辱,他非常忙碌,以至于記不住別人對(duì)他的傷害,他又十分懶散,不會(huì)去怨恨別人。從哲學(xué)原則上講,他是耐心的,寬容的,順從的。他承受痛苦,因?yàn)檫@是不可避免的。他忍受喪親之痛,因?yàn)檫@是無法挽回的,它直面死亡,因?yàn)檫@是他最終的命運(yùn)。如果他陷入任何爭(zhēng)議之中,他訓(xùn)練有素的智力會(huì)使他免于做錯(cuò)事情。

十一.Smoking and Cancer[n.癌癥] 吸煙和癌

1.Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes[(cigarette):n.紙煙;香煙] every year(1970 figures[(figure):n.塑像;畫像]).This is roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] the equivalent[n.等價(jià)物] of 4,195 cigarettes[(cigarette):n.紙煙;香煙] a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more.It is estimated[(estimate):v.估計(jì)] that 51% of American men smoke compared[(compare):vt.比較;對(duì)照] with 34% of American women.1、美國人每年抽煙60億支(1970年的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字)。這大致等于每個(gè)18歲以上的人一年要吸4195支煙。據(jù)估計(jì),美國有51%的男性吸煙,而女性吸煙的比例則為34%。

2.Since 1939,numerous[adj.為數(shù)眾多的,無數(shù)的] scientific[adj.科學(xué)的] studies have been conducted[(conduct):vt.引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng)] to determine[vt.&vi.決定;決心] whether smoking is a health hazard[n.危險(xiǎn)].The trend[n.趨向,趨勢(shì)] of the evidence[n.證據(jù)] has been consistent[adj.一致的,符合的] and indicates[(indicate):v.表明] that there is a serious health risk[n.危險(xiǎn);風(fēng)險(xiǎn)].Research[n.研究;調(diào)查] teams have conducted[(conduct):vt.引導(dǎo);帶領(lǐng)] studies that show beyond[prep.在...的那邊] all reasonable[adj.合情理的,適度的] doubt[n.vi.&vt.懷疑;疑惑] that tobacco[n.煙草;煙葉] smoking,particularly[(particular):adj.特殊的;特別的] cigarette[n.紙煙;香煙] 中油職稱外語考試2010版

smoking,is associated[(associate):v.使聯(lián)系起來] with shortened[(shorten):vt.弄短,縮小,減少] life expectancy[n.預(yù)料,預(yù)計(jì),期待].2、1939年以來,為了確定抽煙是否有害健康進(jìn)行了大量的科學(xué)研究。證據(jù)所顯示的趨勢(shì)是一貫的,并表明對(duì)人體的健康有嚴(yán)重的危險(xiǎn)。許多研究小組進(jìn)行的研究不容置疑地表明,吸食煙草,特別是吸卷煙與預(yù)期壽命縮短有關(guān)。

3.Cigarette[n.紙煙;香煙] smoking is believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] by most research[n.研究;調(diào)查] workers in this field to be an important factor[n.因素] in the development[n.發(fā)展;開發(fā)] of cancer[n.癌癥] of the lungs[(lung):n.肺,肺臟] and cancer[n.of the throat[n.喉嚨] and is believed[(believe):vt.&vi.相信;認(rèn)為] to be related[(relate):vi.癌癥]

有關(guān);涉及] to cancer[n.癌癥] of the bladder[n.膀胱] and the oral[adj.口頭的;口述的] cavity[n.Male[adj.男(性)的] cigarette[n.紙煙;香煙] Smokers[(smoker):n.吸煙者] have a higher death[n.齲齒].死] rate[n.比率;率] from heart disease[n.病;疾病] than non-smoking males[(male):adj.男(性)的].(Female[a.女性的;婦女的] smokers[(smoker):n.吸煙者] are thought to be less affected[(affect):vt.影響] because they do not breathe[vi.呼吸] in the smoke so deeply.)The majority[n.大多數(shù)] of doctors and researchers[(researcher):n.研究人員] consider[vt.考慮] these relationships[(relationship):n.關(guān)系] proved[(prove):vt.證明] to their satisfaction[n.滿意] and say,“Give up smoking.If you don't smoke-don't start!”

3、這方面的研究人員大都相信吸卷煙是產(chǎn)生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素,還認(rèn)為膀胱癌、口腔癌也與此有關(guān)。男性吸煙者的心臟病死亡率比不吸煙的高。(他們認(rèn)為女性吸煙者受影響小一些,因?yàn)樗齻兾鼰煵荒敲瓷睢?大多數(shù)醫(yī)生和研究人員認(rèn)為,上述那些關(guān)系已得到令人滿意的證實(shí),并且告誡說:“戒煙吧,如果你不會(huì)抽-那可不要學(xué)!”4.Some competent[adj.能干的] physicians[(physician):n.醫(yī)生,(尤指)內(nèi)科醫(yī)生] and research[n.研究;調(diào)查] workers-though their small number is decreased[(decrease):v.減少] even further-are less sure of the effect[n.效果;作用] of cigarette[n.紙煙;香煙] smoking on health.They consider[vt.考慮] the increase[vt.in respiratory[a.呼吸的] diseases[(disease):n.病;疾病] and various[adj.各種各樣的] forms 增加;繁殖] of cancer[n.癌癥] may possibly[adv.可能地;也許] be explained[(explain):vt.&vi.解釋;說明] by other factors[(factor):n.因素] in the complex[adj.難于理解或解釋的;復(fù)雜的] human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] environment[n.環(huán)境]-atmospheric pollution[n.污染],increased[(increase):vt.增加;繁殖] nervous[adj.緊張不安的] stress[n.壓力,緊張],chemical[n.化學(xué)物 adj.化學(xué)的] substances[(substance):n.物質(zhì)] in processed[(process):n.過程;步驟] food,or chemical[n.化學(xué)物 adj.化學(xué)的] pesticides[(pesticide):n.殺蟲劑] that are now being used by farmers in vast[adj.巨大的;廣闊的]

quantities[(quantity):n.量;數(shù)量] to destroy[vt.破壞;毀壞] insects[(insect):n.昆蟲] and small animals.Smokers[(smoker):n.吸煙者] who develop cancer[n.癌癥] or lung[n.肺,肺臟] diseases[(disease):n.病;疾病],they say,may also,by coincidence[n.巧合],live in industrial[adj.工業(yè)的] areas[(area):n.地區(qū),區(qū)域],or eat more canned food.Gradually[adv.isolating[(isolate):v.使隔離,使孤立] all 逐漸地],however[然而;可是;盡管如此],research[n.研究;調(diào)查] is other possible factors[(factor):n.因素] and proving[(prove):vt.證明] them to be statistically[adv.根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)來看,從統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)來看] irrelevant[adj.不相干的,離題的].4、有些精通業(yè)務(wù)的醫(yī)生和研究人員-雖然這些人不多,并且人數(shù)在進(jìn)一步減少-不那么肯定中油職稱外語考試2010版

吸卷煙對(duì)人體健康有影響。他們認(rèn)為呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病和各種癌癥的增多也許可以說是由于人類復(fù)雜環(huán)境中另外一些因素,即:空氣的污染、人們精神壓力的增大、經(jīng)過加工的食品中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)、或化學(xué)殺蟲藥引起的。農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在大量使用這些農(nóng)藥殺死昆蟲和小動(dòng)物。據(jù)他們說,那些患了癌癥或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工業(yè)區(qū),或是吃了更多的罐頭食品。但是研究工作逐漸排除了其它因素的可能性,并且用統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字證明這些因素是無關(guān)的。

5.Apart[ad.相距;分開] from the scientific[adj.科學(xué)的] statistics[n.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字,統(tǒng)計(jì)資料],it might[v.aux.可能;也許] be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco[n.煙草;煙葉]

actually[(actual):a.實(shí)際的,現(xiàn)實(shí)的] does to the human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] body.Smoke is a mixture[n.混合物] of gases[(gas):n.煤氣;汽油;天然氣],vaporized[(vaporize):v.(使)蒸發(fā),吹牛]

chemicals[(chemical):n.化學(xué)物 adj.化學(xué)的],minute particles[(particle):n.粒子,微粒] of ash[n.灰,灰末],and other solids[(solid):n.&adj.固體(的)].There is also nicotine[n.尼古丁],which is a powerful[adj.強(qiáng)大的] poison[n.毒藥],and black tar[n.柏油,焦油].As the smoke is breathed[(breathe):vi.呼吸] in,all these components[(component):n.組成部分,部件,元件 a.組成的,構(gòu)成的] form deposits[(deposit):vt.使沉淀;存放] on the membranes[(membrane):n.膜,隔膜] of the lungs[(lung):n.肺,肺臟].One point of concentration[n.集中,聚精會(huì)神;濃度] is where the air tube[n.管子],or bronchus[n.支氣管],divides[(divide):vt.&vi.分;劃分].Most lung[n.肺,肺臟] cancer[n.癌癥] begins at this point.5、除了科學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)之外,研究工作還有助于認(rèn)清吸食煙草對(duì)人體的實(shí)際影響。抽煙產(chǎn)生的煙霧是一種混合的氣體,包括氣化的化學(xué)物質(zhì),極小的灰末微粒和其它固體,還有毒性很強(qiáng)的尼古丁和黑焦油。當(dāng)吸進(jìn)煙時(shí),所有這些成分就都沉淀在肺膜上。在氣管和支氣管分支的地方有一個(gè)集中點(diǎn)。大部分肺癌就從這里發(fā)端。

6.Smoking also affects[(affect):vt.影響] the heart and blood[n.血,血液] vessels[(vessel):n.容器;船,飛船;管].It is known to be related[(relate):vi.有關(guān);涉及] to Beurger's disease[n.病;疾病],a narrowing of the small veins[(vein):n.靜脈,血管,礦脈] in the hands and feet that can cause[vt.促使;引起;使發(fā)生] great pain and lead[vt.領(lǐng)導(dǎo);過(生活)] even to amputation[n.切斷,切斷手術(shù)] of limbs[(limb):n.肢,臂,腿;樹枝].Smokers[(smoker):n.吸煙者] also die much more often from heart disease[n.病;疾病].6、抽煙也影響心臟和血管。現(xiàn)已查明抽煙與伯爾格氏病有關(guān)。這種疾病使手腳的細(xì)靜脈不斷縮小,從而引起劇烈疼痛甚至?xí)?dǎo)致截肢。抽煙者死于心臟病的也比不吸煙的人多得多。

7.While all tobacco[n.煙草;煙葉] smoking affects[(affect):vt.影響] life and expectancy[n.預(yù)料,預(yù)計(jì),期待] and health,cigarette[n.紙煙;香煙] smoking appears[(appear):vi.出現(xiàn)] to have a much greater effect[n.效果;作用] than cigar[n.雪茄煙,葉卷煙] or pipe[n.smoking.However[然而;可是;盡管如此],nicotine[n.尼古丁] consumption[n.消費(fèi);消耗量] is 管子;輸送管]

not diminished[(diminish):v.減少] by the latter[n.后者] forms,and current[adj.當(dāng)前的;現(xiàn)今的] research[n.研究;調(diào)查] indicates[(indicate):v.表明] a causal[adj.原因的,關(guān)于因果的] relationship[n.between all forms of smoking and cancer[n.癌癥] of the mouth and throat[n.關(guān)系] 中油職稱外語考試2010版

.Filters[(filter):n.濾器,過濾嘴 v.過濾,透過] and low tar[n.柏油,焦油] tobacco[n.煙草;煙葉] are claimed[(claim):v.聲稱] to make smoking to some extent[n.程度,范圍] safer,but they can only marginally[(marginal):a.記在頁邊的;邊緣的] reduce[vt.減少;縮減],not eliminate[v.消除,排除] the hazards[(hazard):n.危險(xiǎn)].喉嚨]

7、盡管吸食各種煙草都會(huì)影響預(yù)期壽命和健康,但是抽香煙的影響要比抽雪茄和抽煙斗大得多。不過,后兩種并不能減少對(duì)尼古丁的吸食,并且當(dāng)編者注:本篇文章寫作日期較早。事實(shí)上,近年來美國吸煙人口比率以及吸煙量一直在持續(xù)下降。根據(jù)美國疾病預(yù)防與控制中心的報(bào)告,2003年美國抽煙人口比率已經(jīng)下降到21、6%。美國對(duì)吸煙有明確的法律規(guī)定:未滿21周歲的人不得吸煙;在公共場(chǎng)所,如圖書館、教堂、超市、飯店、公共汽車、地鐵等處不得吸煙。美國對(duì)煙草行業(yè)的征稅特別重,故煙價(jià)很高,這也是限制吸煙的重要措施。前的研究指出各式各樣的吸煙都和口腔癌、喉癌有某種因果關(guān)系。據(jù)稱過濾嘴香煙和低焦油煙草能使吸煙在某種程度上比較安全,但是這只能略微減少危害,而不能消除危害。

十二.Taking chances[(chance):n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],Making chances[(chance):n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性] 抓住機(jī)

遇,制造機(jī)遇

Lecturer[(lecture):n.講演;演講] Charles[n.查爾斯] Hobbs sometimes tells about a woman who lived in London over a century ago.She saved what little money she could working as a scullery[n.碗碟洗滌處,碗碟儲(chǔ)藏室] maid[n.女仆;侍女] and used it one evening to hear a great speaker of her day.His speech[n.演講] moved her deeply and she waited to visit with him afterward[adv.以后].“How fine it must be to have had the opportunities[(opportunity):n.機(jī)會(huì)] you have had in life,” she said.演說家查爾斯·霍布斯經(jīng)常會(huì)在他的演說中引用這樣的故事。一百多年前,倫敦住著一位女士,她以給人幫廚為生。生活雖然很艱難,她還是省吃儉用地?cái)€了一點(diǎn)兒錢,并用這點(diǎn)兒錢去聽了一場(chǎng)演講。演講者是一位在當(dāng)時(shí)非常著名的演說家。他的演講深深地感染了她,也觸動(dòng)了她。演講結(jié)束之后,她并沒有立即離去,而是去拜訪了那位演說家。“要能像您這樣一生中擁有這么多的機(jī)會(huì)那該有多好啊!”她羨慕道。

“My dear lady.” he replied[(reply):n.回答,答復(fù)],“have you never received an opportunity[n.機(jī)會(huì)]?” “哦,親愛的女士,”那位演講家問道,“難道您從未得到過任何機(jī)會(huì)嗎?”“Not me.I have never had a chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],” she said.“是的,我從未得到過任何機(jī)會(huì)。”她很沮喪。“What do you do?” the speaker asked.“那您是做什么工作的?”演講家問道。中油職稱外語考試2010版

She answered,“I peel[vt.剝(皮),削(皮)] onions[(onion):n.洋蔥,洋蔥頭] and potatoes in my sister's boarding[(board):n.木板] house.” “我在我姐姐開的寄宿公寓里幫廚,剝剝洋蔥,削削土豆。”她答道“How long have you been doing this?” he pursued[(pursue):v.(繼續(xù))從事或忙于(某事物)].“你做這事多長時(shí)間了?”演講家追問。“Fifteen miserable[adj.痛苦的] years!” “都已經(jīng)干了15年了,難熬的15年啊!”“And where do you sit?” he continued[(continue):vi.&vt.繼續(xù)].“您工作的時(shí)候坐在哪里呢?”演講家繼續(xù)問。

“Why,on the bottom[n.底部;底] step in the kitchen.” She looked puzzled.“您為什么問這個(gè)?”她感到非常的迷惑,“我就坐在廚房最低的一級(jí)臺(tái)階上。”“And where do you put your feet?” “那么您把腳放在哪里呢?”“On the floor,” she answered,more puzzled.“放在地板上啊。”她驚訝地望著演講家。“What is the floor?” “那地板是什么樣的?”“It is glazed[(glaze):v.(因疲倦、疲勞)等指眼睛變得呆滯,毫無表情] brick[n.磚;磚塊].” “是用釉面磚鋪就的。”Then he said,“My dear lady,I will give you an assignment[n.任務(wù),作業(yè)] today.I want you to write me a letter about the brick[n.磚;磚塊].” 著名的演講家說道:“親愛的女士,今天,我要給您布置一項(xiàng)任務(wù)。我想讓您寫一封信給我,談一談您對(duì)磚的認(rèn)識(shí)。”Against her protests[(protest):v.抗議,反對(duì)] about being a poor writer,he made her promise[vi.&vt.允諾;答應(yīng)] to complete[vt.完成;結(jié)束] the assignment[n.任務(wù),作業(yè)].女士以自己根本就不會(huì)寫信為由拒絕他的建議,但是,演講家堅(jiān)持要她完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。

The next day,as she sat down to peel[vt.剝(皮),削(皮)] onions[(onion):n.洋蔥,洋蔥頭],she gazed[(gaze):v.注視,凝視] at the brick[n.磚;磚塊] floor.That evening she pulled one loose[a.松散的;寬松的],took it to a brick[n.磚;磚塊] factory and asked the owner to explain[vt.&vi.解釋;說明] to her how bricks[(brick):n.磚;磚塊] were made.第二天,當(dāng)她坐在廚房的臺(tái)階上剝洋蔥的時(shí)候,目光不禁聚焦在了釉面磚鋪就的地板上。她專門跑到磚廠向廠主請(qǐng)教磚頭是如何制造出來的。

Still not satisfied[(satisfy):vt.滿足;使?jié)M意],she went to a library and found a book on bricks[(brick):n.磚;磚塊].She learned that 120 different kinds of brick[n.磚;磚塊] and file[n.檔案] were being produced in England at the time.She discovered[(discover):vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)] how clay[n.粘土,泥土;肉體] beds,which existed[(exist):vi.存在] for millions of years,were formed.Her research[n.研究;調(diào)查] captivated[(captivate):vt.26 中油職稱外語考試2010版

her imagination[n.想象;想象力] and she spent every spare moment learning more.She returned to the library night after night and this woman,who never had a chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],gradually[adv.逐漸地] began to climb the steps of knowledge.迷惑,迷住]對(duì)于廠長的解釋她并不滿意,于是,她又跑到了圖書館。通過查閱資料,她了解到,在當(dāng)時(shí)的英國,一共有一百二十多種磚瓦在生產(chǎn)。她還發(fā)現(xiàn)了已經(jīng)存在了數(shù)百年的粘土層是如何形成的。她已經(jīng)完全沉浸在她的研究之中了,她的思想也已經(jīng)被她的研究完全占據(jù)了。每天晚上,她都會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到圖書館查閱資料。After months of study,she set out to write her letter as promised[(promise):vi.&vt.允諾;答應(yīng)].She sent a 36-page document[n.用文件證實(shí)或證明(某事)] about the brick[n.磚;磚塊] in her kitchen and,to her surprise,she received a letter back.Enclosed[(enclose):vt.圍住,圈起;附上] was payment[n.償付的錢] for her research[n.研究;調(diào)查].He had published[(publish):vt.出版;發(fā)行] her letter!And along with the money came a new assignment[n.任務(wù),作業(yè)]-this time he asked her to write about what she found underneath[ad.在下面,在底下] the brick[n.磚;磚塊].經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的研究之后,她按照演說家的要求寫信。在這封長達(dá)36頁的信中,她詳細(xì)地介紹了廚房里地磚的有關(guān)情況。令她吃驚的是,不久以后,她就收到了回信。隨信而來的,還有她的研究所獲得的報(bào)酬。原來,那位演講家把她的信拿去發(fā)表了!不僅如此,演講家又給她布置了一項(xiàng)新任務(wù):寫一些她在廚房地磚下面發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西。

For the first time in her life she could hardly wait to get back to the kitchen!She pulled up the brick[n.磚;磚塊] and there was an ant[n.螞蟻].She held it in her hand and examined[(examine):vt.檢查;診察] it.女士一生中第一次受到極大的鼓舞,她迫不及待地返回廚房,她撬起一塊磚頭一看,發(fā)現(xiàn)下面有一只螞蟻。她把它拿在手心仔細(xì)地觀察。

That evening,she hurried back to the library to study ants[(ant):n.螞蟻].She learned that there were hundreds of different kinds of ants[(ant):n.螞蟻].Some were so small they could stand on the head of a pin[vt.(用別針等)別住;(用釘?shù)?釘住];while others were so large one could feel the weight[n.重;重量] of them in one's hand.She started her own ant[n.螞蟻] colony[n.殖民地;僑居地] and examined[(examine):vt.檢查;診察] ants[(ant):n.螞蟻] underneath[ad.在下面,在底下] a lens[n.透鏡,鏡片;鏡頭].那天晚上一下班,她便急匆匆地趕到圖書館,去查閱有關(guān)螞蟻的書籍了。通過研究,她了解到世界上有好幾百種各種各樣的螞蟻。有的螞蟻很小很小,小到可以站在針尖上,而有的則很大很大,大到放在手上都能感覺到它們的重量。為了便于研究,他還專門養(yǎng)了一群螞蟻,每天都拿著放大鏡仔細(xì)觀察。Several months later she wrote her findings[(finding):n.發(fā)現(xiàn);調(diào)查結(jié)果] in a 350-page “l(fā)etter.” It,too,was eventually[adv.最終] published[(publish):vt.出版;發(fā)行].She soon quit[v.停止(做)某事物] her kitchen job[n.工作] to take up writing.中油職稱外語考試2010版

經(jīng)過幾個(gè)月的觀察與研究,她把她研究螞蟻的發(fā)現(xiàn)寫成了一封長達(dá)350頁的“信”寄給了演說家。當(dāng)然,這封“信”最終也發(fā)表了。不久以后,她便辭去了那份幫廚的工作,開始了她的寫作生涯。

Before she died,she had traveled to the lands of her dreams[(dream):vt.&n.and had experienced[(experience):n.經(jīng)驗(yàn);經(jīng)歷] more than she ever imagined[(imagine):vt.夢(mèng);夢(mèng)想]

想象;設(shè)想] possible!This is the woman who had never had a chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性].直到她去世之前,她幾乎游歷了所有她夢(mèng)寐以求要去的地方,而且還體驗(yàn)了許多她曾經(jīng)想都不敢想的事情!這就是那位曾經(jīng)感嘆自己從未得到過任何機(jī)會(huì)的女人!Some people wait for opportunity[n.機(jī)會(huì)] to come knocking.Here is a person who sought[(seek):vt.試圖;探尋] it out,proving[(prove):vt.證明] again that we can be more than victims[(victim):n.罹病者,受害者] of mere[adj.僅僅] circumstance[n.(usually pl.)環(huán)境,情況].有些人等著機(jī)會(huì)來敲門,而這個(gè)人卻是去尋找機(jī)會(huì)。她再次證明我們不應(yīng)該僅僅成為環(huán)境的受害者,我們可以做得更多。

If given a chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],will you take it? If given no chance[n.機(jī)會(huì);可能性],can you make one? 如果得到了機(jī)會(huì),你能抓住它嗎?如果沒有機(jī)會(huì),你能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)嗎?

十三.The Province[n.省] of Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] 阿爾伯達(dá)省

1.Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] is located[(locate):v.探明,找出] in the western[adj.西方的,西部的] part of Canada and is the westernmost[a.最西的;極西的] among the Prairie[n.大草原] Provinces[(province):n.省].To its west is British[adj.英國的;英國人的] Columbia[n.哥倫比亞] while to its east is Saskatchewan[n.薩克其萬].Its south borders[(border):n.邊,邊緣;邊界] on the U.S.state[n.國家;(美國的)州] of Montana[n.蒙大納] while its north borders[(border):n.邊,邊緣;邊界] on the Northwest Territories[(territory):n.領(lǐng)土,領(lǐng)地].Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] is a most popular place for people to go to on their vacations[(vacation):n.假期,休假] because of its beautiful scenery[n.景色;風(fēng)景].The Canadian Rockies[n.洛基山脈] running through it have earned[(earn):vt.掙得;賺得] for it the proud[adj.驕傲的;自豪的] name of “Fifty Switzerland[n.瑞士(歐洲)] in One.”

1、阿爾伯達(dá)省位于加拿大的西部,也是草原諸省中最西部的一個(gè)省份。它的西邊是不列顛哥倫比亞省,東部是薩斯喀徹溫省,它的南部與美國的蒙大拿州接壤,而北部則與西北地區(qū)相連。由于阿爾伯達(dá)省風(fēng)景優(yōu)美,人們都很喜歡去那里度假。縱貫全境的加拿大落磯山脈為它贏得了“集50個(gè)瑞士于一省”的美名。2.With an area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域] of approximately[adv.大概, 大約] 255,212 square miles[(mile):n.英里],equivalent[n.等價(jià)物] to 661,000 square kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里],it is the fourth largest province[n.省] in Canada.Although[conj.盡管,雖然] it has a population of only 3.26 million,about one fifth of the population of Shanghai,it ranks[(rank):n.(職務(wù)、身份、社會(huì)地位等的)等級(jí)] also 4th in population among 中油職稱外語考試2010版

Canadian provinces[(province):n.省].The province[n.省] was named after Princess[n.Louis[n.路易斯] Caroline[n.凱若琳,(女子名)] Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]],a daughter of 公主,王妃]

Queen Victoria[n.維多利亞] of England.It became a province[n.省] of Canada in 1905.2、該省面積約為255212平方英里,相當(dāng)于661000平方公里,是加拿大第四大省。雖然它的人口只有326萬,僅及上海人口的約五分之一,但在加拿大諸省中它的人口數(shù)也居第四位。阿爾伯達(dá)省是以英國維多利亞女皇的一個(gè)女兒路易斯·卡洛琳·阿爾伯達(dá)公主的名字命名的。它于1905年成為加拿大的一個(gè)省份。

3.The people of Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] originally[(original):adj.原先的] came from many different countries.More than half of the Albertans came from Britain.Others came from Austria[n.奧地利],Russia[n.俄羅斯] and the Scandinavian[a.斯干那維亞的] countries.As only a small number were French Canadians,who migrated[(migrate):vi.遷移,移居] to Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] from the eastern[adj.東方的;東部的] part of Canada,the major[a.較大的;主要的] language spoken in the province[n.省] is English,with the exception[n.例外] of a few bilingual[a.雙語的] towns north of Edmonton[埃德蒙頓[加拿大西南部城市](阿爾伯達(dá)省省會(huì))].Although[conj.盡管,雖然] there are only a limited[adj.有限的] number of Indians living on reservations[(reservation):n.保留意見,保留態(tài)度;預(yù)定] now,two hundred years ago they were the only inhabitants[(inhabitant):n.居民,住戶] in what is now called Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加

3、阿爾伯達(dá)省的人民最初來自很多不同的國家。其中一半以上來自拿大西部之一省]].英國,另一些人來自奧地利、俄國和斯堪地那維亞國家。由于只有少數(shù)從加拿大東部遷宋的法裔加拿大人,因此除了在埃德蒙頓北部有幾個(gè)雙語種小鎮(zhèn)之外,該省所使用的主要語言是英語。現(xiàn)在,雖然只有人數(shù)有限的印第安人居住在保留地上,但是在兩百多年前,他們是居住于現(xiàn)在稱之為阿爾伯達(dá)省的唯一居民。4.The first settlers[(settler):n.移居者;開拓者] of Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] were cattle[n.牛(總稱);家畜] ranchers[(rancher):n.大農(nóng)(牧)場(chǎng)主或工人].Even now,raising[(raise):vt.使升高;飼養(yǎng) vt.飼養(yǎng)] cattle[n.牛(總稱);家畜] is still one of the leading[(lead):vt.領(lǐng)導(dǎo);過(生活)]

branches[(branch):n.樹枝;分枝] of economy[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)].But at present many more Albertans are farmers,who raise[vt.使升高;飼養(yǎng) vt.飼養(yǎng)] millions of tons[(ton):n.噸] of wheat[n.小麥],oats[(oat):n.燕麥,麥片粥] and barley[n.大麥,大麥粒],the also plant sugar beets[(beet):n.甜and potatoes in the southern part of the province[n.省].In the northern 菜根]

part,like the Indians who lived there before them,the hunters[(hunter):n.搜尋者] trap[n.使陷入困境] such fur-bearing animals as squirrels[(squirrel):n.松鼠],beavers[(beaver):n.河貍] and foxes.Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] is also rich in forest resources[(resource):n.資源,財(cái)富;應(yīng)變能力,謀略],coal[n.煤] and oil[n.油].It is one of the main[adj.主要的] timber[n.木材,木料] producing provinces[(province):n.省] in Canada.Owing[(owe):vt.欠(債等)] to its rich deposit[vt.使沉淀;存放] in oil[n.油],petroleum[n.石油] industry[n.工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè)] has become one of the most important industries[(industry):n.of the province[n.省],with many oil[n.油] fields and refineries[(refinery):n.工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè)]

精煉廠].Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] also produces more coal[n.煤] than any other 中油職稱外語考試2010版

province[n.省].4、阿爾伯達(dá)省的首批移民是牧場(chǎng)經(jīng)營者。即使時(shí)至今日,畜牧業(yè)仍然是經(jīng)濟(jì)的主要部門之一。但現(xiàn)在阿爾伯達(dá)人中更多的是農(nóng)民,他們生產(chǎn)成百萬噸的小麥、燕麥和大麥。在該省的南部他們還種植甜菜和土豆。在北部,獵人們象生活在他們之前的印第安人一樣捕捉毛皮獸,諸如松鼠、河貍和狐貍等。阿爾伯達(dá)還有豐富的森林資源、煤礦和石油。它是加拿大木材的主要生產(chǎn)省份之一。由于該省石油蘊(yùn)藏量豐富,石油工業(yè)已成為該省最重要的工業(yè)主一,油田和煉油廠比比皆是。阿爾伯達(dá)出產(chǎn)的煤也多于其他任何省份。

5.The provincial[adj.偏狹的,粗俗的] capital Edmonton[埃德蒙頓[加拿大西南部城市](阿爾伯達(dá)省省會(huì))],with a population of about 1,016,000,is the second largest city in the province[n.省].The largest city is Calgary.In 1967,it had a population of about 330,000.But after a lapse[n.終止] of 40 years,it now has more than 1,060,000 inhabitants[(inhabitant):n.居民,住戶].The third largest city is Lethbridge,having a population of about 67,000 persons.People in those cities work in meat-packing plants,flour[n.面粉] mills[(mill):n.工廠],dairies[(dairy):n.and refineries[(refinery):n.精煉廠].Some work in canneries[(cannery):n.罐頭工廠] and 牛奶場(chǎng);乳制品]

beet-sugar factories.5、省會(huì)埃德蒙頓人口約為101.6萬,是該省第二大城市。第一大城市是卡爾加里,1967年的人口是33萬,但時(shí)隔40年之后,它的居民總數(shù)已超過106萬。第三大城市是萊斯橋,約有人口6、7萬。這些城市的居民大多在肉類加工廠、面粉廠、乳制品廠和煉油廠工作。有的則在罐頭食品廠和甜菜制糖廠工作。6.The climate[n.氣候] in Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] is pleasant[a.令人愉快的;舒適的],particularly[(particular):adj.特殊的;特別的] in summer,when the average[adj.平均的] temperature is about 60 degrees[(degree):n.度;度數(shù);學(xué)位] Fahrenheit[a.華氏的;華氏溫度計(jì)的].In winter,it is much colder and in the north,the temperature can drop to 20 degrees[(degree):n.度;度數(shù);學(xué)位] below zero.Although[conj.盡管,雖然] the best season for traveling is the summer months of June,July and August,many tourists[(tourist):n.旅行者;觀光者] are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引;引起] to the first rate[n.skiing[(ski):n.滑雪板 v.滑雪] ground at the resorts[(resort):v.求助于,訴諸于] of Banff and 比率;率]

Jasper[n.碧玉,綠色裝飾用寶石].6、阿爾伯達(dá)氣候宜人,特別是夏天,平均氣溫為華氏60度左右。冬天的氣候則要冷得多,北部的氣溫有時(shí)可降到零下20度。雖說旅游的最佳季節(jié)是6、7、8月的夏季,但是旅游勝地班夫和嘉思帕的第一流的滑雪場(chǎng)地也吸引了很多游客。7.Alberta[n.亞伯達(dá)[加拿大西部之一省]] is located[(locate):v.探明,找出] in the Mountain Standard[a.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的] Time Zone[n.區(qū)域,范圍].12 o'clock at Noon in Edmonton[埃德蒙頓[加拿大西南部城市](阿爾伯達(dá)省省會(huì))] is 2 p.m.Eastern[adj.東方的;東部的] Standard[a.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的] Time.7、阿爾伯達(dá)位于山地標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)時(shí)區(qū)。埃德蒙頓中午12點(diǎn)即東部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間下午2點(diǎn)。

十四.A World without Oil[n.油] 假如世界沒有石油 中油職稱外語考試2010版

1.Have you ever stopped to think how your life would change if the world ran out of oil[n.油]? Take a look at your day.The roof[n.屋項(xiàng);頂部] of your home is probably[adv.很可能;大概] made waterproof[a.不透水的,防水的] by an oil[n.油] product[n.The same product[n.產(chǎn)品;成品] is used for the road surface[n.產(chǎn)品;成品],bitumen[n.瀝青].表面] outside your home.Before you leave to go to work or school,just examine[vt.檢查;診察] your surroundings[(surrounding):a.周圍的].Is the room warmer than the cold air outside? Oil[n.油],or electricity[n.電;電流] from oil-fed generators[(generator):n.發(fā)電機(jī);發(fā)生者] may be keeping you comfortably[adv.舒適地] warm.If you are comfortably[adv.舒適地] cool in a tropical[adj.熱帶的] climate[n.氣候],your air conditioning[(condition):n.條件;狀況] unit[n.單元] may also depend[vi.依靠;相信;信賴] on oil-fed generators[(generator):n.發(fā)電機(jī);發(fā)生者].1.你曾想過沒有,如果世界上用盡了石油,你的生活會(huì)發(fā)生什么樣變化呢?請(qǐng)看一看你的日常生活。你家的屋頂可能是用一種叫瀝青的石油產(chǎn)品做成防水的。瀝青同樣可用來鋪你家外面的路面。在你離家去上班或上學(xué)之前,請(qǐng)觀察一下你周圍的環(huán)境。房間里會(huì)比外面冷空氣暖和嗎?這是石油或由燃油發(fā)電機(jī)發(fā)出來的電使你感到舒適溫暖。如果你在炎熱的氣候里感到舒適涼爽,那么你家的空調(diào)器可能也是靠燃油發(fā)電機(jī)工作的。

2.In the kitchen and the bathroom[n.浴室;盥洗室] you will probably[adv.很可能;大概] see some plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] fittings[(fitting):n.裝置;設(shè)備] such as tiles[(tile):n.瓷磚] and working surfaces[(surface):n.表面];polystyrene[n.聚本乙烯] cups;curtains[(curtain):n.窗簾] made from synthetic[a.合成的,人造的;虛假的] materials[(material):n.材料;

detergents[(detergent):n.洗滌劑].All owe[vt.欠(債原料];disinfectants[(disinfectant):n.消毒劑] and 等)] their origin[n.起源,開端] to the oil[n.油] known as petroleum[n.石油](Latin[a.拉

'petra',rock,and Latin[a.拉丁的 n.拉丁語] 'oleum',oil[n.丁的 n.拉丁語]/Greek[n&a.希臘人(語)(的)]

油]),found deep in the earth.Look inside the medicine cupboard[n.器皿柜] for more petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.產(chǎn)品;成品],medical[adj.醫(yī)學(xué)的;醫(yī)療的] paraffin[n.石and petroleum[n.石油] jelly[n.果凍].Cosmetics[n.化妝品] such as face creams[(cream):n.蠟]

and hair preparations[(preparation):n.準(zhǔn)備] are often 奶油,乳脂],lipsticks[(lipstick):n.唇膏,口紅]

based[(base):n.根據(jù)地;基地] on petroleum[n.石油].2、在廚房和浴室里你可能看到一些塑料器具,如塑料地板和塑料操作臺(tái)面、聚苯乙烯杯子、合成材料的浴簾、消毒劑和去污劑。所有這些都是來自稱為“Petroleum[n.石油]”的石油。“Petroleum[n.石油]”(石油)是(由拉丁或希臘文“petro”(巖石)和拉丁文“oleum[n.發(fā)煙硫酸]”(油)組成),深埋在地下。向藥廚里看看,你可以找到更多的石油產(chǎn)品,如藥用石蠟和凡士林。化妝品如雪花膏、唇膏、洗發(fā)劑等,常用石油作為基本原料。

3.When you're out,notice[n.通知;布告] the fields and gardens.Fertilizers[(fertilizer):n.肥料] and insecticides[(insecticide):n.殺蟲劑] made from petroleum[n.石油] can improve[vt.改進(jìn);更新] crop[n.莊稼] production[n.生產(chǎn);制作].Recently[adv.近來] protein[n.蛋白質(zhì)] feeds[(feed):vt.喂(養(yǎng));飼(養(yǎng))] for animals have been developed by

中油職稱外語考試2010版

growing yeast[n.酵母] in a petroleum[n.石油] based[(base):n.根據(jù)地;基地] stock[n.證券,股票].As you head for your bus,train or car,all of which use petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.產(chǎn)品;成品] in the form of fuel[n.燃料] to move them and lubricants[(lubricant):n.潤滑劑] to keep them in working order,take a look in the mirror.What are you wearing today? A polyester[n.多元酯] shirt or dress,nylon[n.尼龍,耐綸] socks or stockings,and acrylic[a.丙烯酸的] sweater-a raincoat of PVC[永久虛電路](polyvinyl[a.乙烯聚合物的] chloride[n.氯化物])? All of these are based[(base):n.根據(jù)地;基地] on petroleum[n.石油] products[(product):n.產(chǎn)品;成品].3、當(dāng)外出時(shí)你會(huì)看到農(nóng)田和花園。化肥和殺蟲劑是由石油制取的,可以使農(nóng)作物增產(chǎn)。最近已經(jīng)研制出一種動(dòng)物食用的蛋白質(zhì)飼料,它是用石油作為基本原料加上酵母而制成的。公共汽車、貨車或小轎車,都是靠石油產(chǎn)品作燃料開動(dòng)的,用潤滑油保持這些車輛正常工作。當(dāng)你去乘車之前要照一照鏡子。看看今天穿什么衣服好?是化纖服裝(襯衫還是外套),是尼龍襪(短襪還是長襪),晴綸毛衣還是塑料雨衣?而所有這些都是用石油產(chǎn)品作原料的。

4.Scientists[(scientist):n.科學(xué)家] predict[v.預(yù)言] that the world's known oil[n.油] resources[(resource):n.資源,財(cái)富;應(yīng)變能力,謀略] will run out early in the next century.But long before then the world will have to decide on its priorities[(priority):n.優(yōu)先考慮的事].Can we afford[vt.擔(dān)負(fù)得起(......的費(fèi)用);抽得出(時(shí)間);提供] to use so much of our limited[adj.有限的] petroleum[n.石油] supplies[(supply):vt.供給,供應(yīng)] for private[a.私人的] motoring? Should airlines[(airline):n.航空公司;航空系統(tǒng)] compete[vi.比賽;競(jìng)賽] on similar routes[(route):n.a way of achieving something] allowing[(allow):vt.允許,準(zhǔn)許] planes to fly long distances[(distance):n.距離] with empty passenger[n.乘客;旅客] seats? What alternative[adj.非傳統(tǒng)的,不同的] energy[n.精力;能量] resources[(resource):n.資源,財(cái)富;應(yīng)變能力,謀略] can be developed?

4、科學(xué)家預(yù)言世界上已探明的石油資源將在下個(gè)世紀(jì)初用盡。但遠(yuǎn)在那時(shí)候以前,世界就必須確定石油是優(yōu)先考慮控制使用的物資。石油儲(chǔ)量既然有限,我們還能把那么多的石油用于私人汽車嗎?難道航空公司還應(yīng)該為了在類似的航線上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而允許他們的客機(jī)有空座的長途飛行嗎?能開發(fā)出什么樣的替代能源呢?

5.There is an old English saying,“Necessity[n.必要性] is the mother of invention,” which means that when you are faced with a need you will discover[vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)] some way of fulfilling[adj.令人高興的,令人滿意的] it.Already scientists[(scientist):n.科學(xué)家] are proposing[(propose):v.提出;建議,提議] some fascinating[adj.吸引人的,迷人的] solutions[(solution):n.解決方法].There is one suggestion[n.建議] that the wheeled[(wheel):n.輪,機(jī)輪] traffic and the footsteps[(footstep):n.腳步;腳步聲;足跡] of crowds walking the streets in major[a.較大的;主要的] cities could generate[v.發(fā)生] energy[n.One company[n.公司] has presented an idea in which metal strips[(strip):n.精力;能量].狹長的一塊(材料、土地等)] inserted[(insert):vt.插入] in pavements[(pavement):n.人行道] and roads operate fly wheels[(wheel):n.輪,機(jī)輪] by means of a piston[n.活塞] action[n.行動(dòng)] using hydraulic[a.水力的,水壓的] fluid[n.液體].They say the human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] and

中油職稱外語考試2010版

wheeled[(wheel):n.輪,機(jī)輪] traffic in a busy city center[(cent):n.分] could provide[vt.enough energy[n.精力;能量] to light the streets of an entire[adj.整個(gè)的;全部的] town 提供] or power[n.力;動(dòng)力;電力] the heating[(heat):n.熱 vt.把......加熱] system[n.體系;系統(tǒng)] for a hospital or school.Some people are developing sophisticated[adj.世故的;老練的]

versions[(version):n.版本] of the windmill[n.風(fēng)車].Engines[(engine):n.引擎;發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)] can run on alcohol[n.酒],so surplus[n.過剩,剩余 adj.剩余的,過剩的] sugar cane[n.手杖] could be used to produce energy[n.精力;能量].An air ship powered[(power):n.力;動(dòng)力;電力] by energy[n.精力;能量] from the sun has been suggested[(suggest):vt.建議;提議].Such “sun ship” would have a large enough surface[n.表面] area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域] to carry the enormous[adj.巨大的] number of solar[a.太陽的,日光的] cells[(cell):n.細(xì)胞] necessary[adj.必要的;必需的] to move any appreciable[a.可估價(jià)的;可察覺的] load[n.擔(dān)子;貨物].Such “sun ship” might[v.aux.可能;也許] travel at over one hundred kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里] an hour.In such circumstances[(circumstance):n.(usually pl.)環(huán)境,情況],of course,the tropical[adj.熱帶的] parts of the world would have a head start in the race to find new energy[n.精力;能量] sources[(source):n.來源,提供消息者].5、英國有一句古話“需要是發(fā)明之母”。這意味著當(dāng)你面對(duì)一種需要時(shí),你將發(fā)現(xiàn)一種方法滿足它。科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)在提出一些迷人的解決方案。有一個(gè)建議提出,在大城市街道上,擁擠的人群走的腳步和路面上往來行使的車輛可以用來生產(chǎn)能量。一個(gè)公司提出這樣想法:嵌在人行道和路面上的金屬條用液壓活塞的作用使飛輪轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。他們說,在繁華大城市的中心,人群和過往車輛可提供足夠的能量為整個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)的街道照明或者為一個(gè)醫(yī)院或?qū)W校提供供暖系統(tǒng)的動(dòng)力。某些人正在研制高級(jí)的風(fēng)車技術(shù)。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)可用乙醇作燃料開動(dòng),因此,過剩的甘蔗可用來產(chǎn)生能量。還有人建議用太陽能作動(dòng)力來驅(qū)使飛艇。這種“太陽能飛艇”必須要很大的面積以攜帶大量的太陽能電池,這樣才有可能運(yùn)載可觀的載荷。這種“太陽能飛艇”也許每小時(shí)能航行100多公里。當(dāng)然倘若這樣,世界的熱帶地區(qū)在尋找新能源的競(jìng)賽中將會(huì)領(lǐng)先一步。

十五.How Animals Hear 動(dòng)物如何聽到聲音

1.When we talk about ears,we usually mean the oddly[(odd):adj.奇數(shù)的] wrinkled[adj.有皺紋的] appendages[(appendage):n.附加物] on the sides of our heads.1、當(dāng)我們提到耳朵,通常指那個(gè)生長在我們頭部兩側(cè)的奇怪的褶皺的附屬肢體。

2.We are aware[a.知道的,意識(shí)到的] that at the end of the central[adj.中心的,中央的] hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear,with an eardrum[n.耳膜] and a few little bones[(bone):n.骨,骨頭].Even deeper lies the inner ear,the organ[n.器官] with which we “hear”.2、我們知道,在外耳中孔的底部有東西稱為中耳,它由一個(gè)耳鼓和一些小骨骼構(gòu)成。而真正能使我們“聽”的器官在更深處的內(nèi)耳。

中油職稱外語考試2010版

3.Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuous[adj.明眼的,惹人注目的;炫outer ears,but few of us probably[adv.很可能;大概] ever stopped to think 耀的,擺闊氣的]

whether there might[v.aux.可能;也許] be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneath[prep.在…下面] those pointed tips[(tip):n.梢,末端;小費(fèi)].Yet,we know very well that these animals hear.3、諸如貓和狗這樣的動(dòng)物也有引人注目的外耳,但很少人能夠停下來去想,在豎立的尖兒下面,是否那里也有類似于中耳和內(nèi)耳的東西。但是我們很清楚地知道這些動(dòng)物都能夠聽到。

4.Birds are even more mysterious[adj.神秘的;難以理解的],because here we do not even see an outer ear.The same is true to still a larger degree[n.度;度of such animals as frogs[(frog):n.蛙] and fishes,although[conj.盡管,雖然] in the 數(shù);學(xué)位]

frog[n.蛙] we can at least[n.最少量;最少] see an eardrum[n.耳膜].4、鳥類甚至更為神秘,因?yàn)槲覀兩踔量床坏剿鼈冇幸粋€(gè)外耳。還有很大數(shù)量的動(dòng)物如青蛙和魚類也是如此,雖然我們至少可以看到青蛙有一個(gè)耳鼓。5.Again,at one time or another,you may have found that all such animals hear.Hunters[(hunter):n.搜尋者] know that birds are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引;引起] by artificial[adj.假的,人工的] calls,and fishermen[n.漁夫,釣魚者,漁船] emphasize[v.強(qiáng)調(diào)] that you should be as quiet(原文quite)as possible if you don't want to go home empty handed.And if you ever hunted[(hunt):vt.追獵;獵取] frogs[(frog):n.蛙] in your childhood[n.幼年;童年],you know how softly you had to tread[v.踏,踩]!Moreover[adv.而且,除此之外],it seems absurd[adj.荒謬的,可笑的;不合理的] that birds should sing and frogs[(frog):n.蛙] croak[n.蛙鳴聲],if they could not even hear their own voices[(voice):n.說話聲;嗓音].5、此外,你可能曾經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的這些動(dòng)物都在聽。獵人們知道鳥類會(huì)被人造的聲音所吸引,漁夫們則強(qiáng)調(diào),如果你不想空手而歸的話就要盡可能的安靜。如果你在童年抓過青蛙,你應(yīng)該知道要多么輕柔地走動(dòng)。說實(shí)在,青蛙在叫,鳥兒在唱,如果它們甚至聽不到自己發(fā)出的聲音,豈不荒謬。

6.By direct[vt.&vi.導(dǎo)演] observations[(observation):n.注意;觀察] and many experiments[(experiment):n.實(shí)驗(yàn)],biologists[(biologist):n.生物學(xué)家] have discovered[(discover):vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)] that practically[(practical):adj.實(shí)際的;實(shí)用的] all animals have some sense[n.感覺;意識(shí)] of hearing or vibration[n.振動(dòng),顫動(dòng)].Earthworms[(earthworm):n.蚯蚓] feel vibrations[(vibration):n.振動(dòng),顫動(dòng)] in the soil[n.土壤;土地],fish can be trained to respond[v.反應(yīng),回應(yīng)] to certain[adj.某種;一定的] tones[(tone):v.定調(diào)子],male[adj.男(性)的]

mosquitoes[(mosquito):n.蚊子] are attracted[(attract):vt.吸引;引起] by the sound of the female[a.女性的;婦女的],and frogs[(frog):n.蛙] will respond[v.反應(yīng),回應(yīng)] to a tape recording[(record):n.記錄 vt.記錄;記載] of their own voices[(voice):n.說話聲;嗓音].6、通過直接觀察和許多試驗(yàn),生物學(xué)家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)際上所有的動(dòng)物都具有某種聽覺或振動(dòng)感。蚯蚓在土壤里能感覺震動(dòng),魚類可以訓(xùn)練的對(duì)特定的音調(diào)有反應(yīng),雄性蚊子可以被雌性蚊子的聲音所吸引,青蛙對(duì)它們自己的聲音的錄

中油職稱外語考試2010版

音有所反應(yīng)。

7.The inner ear is composed[(compose):v.組成,構(gòu)成] of delicate[a.纖細(xì)的;易碎的]

membranes[(membrane):n.膜,隔膜] which bear dense[adj.濃密的] patches[(patch):n.補(bǔ)釘;碎片 vt.補(bǔ)綴] of specialized[(specialize):vi.成為…專家;專攻] cells[(cell):n.細(xì)胞] called maculae[macula的復(fù)數(shù)形].Each of these collections[(collection):n.收藏品;收集物] of cells[(cell):n.細(xì)胞] can carry a message to the brain[n.腦(子)].What message is carried by a macula[n.(皮膚上的)斑點(diǎn)] depends[(depend):vi.依靠;相信;信賴] upon[prep.在...上] how it is affected[(affect):vt.影響].The message which is carried is not,however[然而;可是;盡管如此],always connected[(connect):vt.&vi.連接;把......聯(lián)系起來] with the hearing sense[n.感覺;意識(shí)].For instance[n.例子,事例],a certain[adj.某種;一定的] kind of tadpole[n.蝌蚪] can tell the depth[n.深;深度;厚度] of the water it is swimming in by the pitch[n.音調(diào)] of a tone[v.定調(diào)子] which is produced by its own lungs[(lung):n.肺,肺臟].7、內(nèi)耳由脆弱的薄膜構(gòu)成,它承載著密集的由被稱作斑疹的特殊細(xì)胞構(gòu)成的片。每個(gè)這樣的細(xì)胞群都能夠把信息傳遞給大腦,而斑疹承載怎樣的信息依賴于它是怎樣受影響的。但是被承載的信息并不總是與聽覺相連。舉個(gè)例子,有一種蝌蚪能感知它所游泳之處水的深度,它是通過某種自己肺部產(chǎn)生的聲音的音調(diào)來判定的。

8.In the human[n.&a.人(的),人類(的)] and all other mammals[(mammal):n.哺乳動(dòng)物],the macula[n.(皮膚上的)斑點(diǎn)] has developed into an organ[n.器官] which can easily be seen.This organ[n.器官] is called the cochlea[n.蝸].This spiral[n.螺旋形的東西,螺旋彈簧] shaped[(shape):n.形狀;外形] organ[n.器官] contains[(contain):vt.包含;包括] the macula[n.(皮膚上的)斑點(diǎn)] itself and it is called “organ[n.器官] of Corti” after its discoverer[(discover):vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)].If you have ever seen a snail[n.蝸牛;行動(dòng)緩慢的人] shell[n.殼,莢,甲殼,介殼],you know how a cochlea[n.蝸] looks.8、對(duì)于人類和其他所有哺乳類動(dòng)物來說,斑疹已經(jīng)進(jìn)化成為一種很容易看見的器官,這種器官稱作“耳蝸”。這一螺旋形的器官包括了MACULAE[macula的復(fù)數(shù)形]本身,以及后來被其發(fā)現(xiàn)者稱為“CORTI”的器官。如果你看到過蝸牛的殼,你就知道耳蝸的形象。

9.When sound waves[(wave):n.(熱、光、聲的)波] enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] the cochlea[n.蝸],which is really a tube[n.管子] coiled[(coil):n.(一)卷;線圈 vt.卷] around,they set a membrane[n.膜,隔膜] into a back and forth[adv.等等] motion[n.移動(dòng)] and cause[vt.促使;引起;使發(fā)生] a new wave[n.(熱、光、聲的)波].This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a flute[n.笛] or whistle[n.口哨;口哨聲].The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented[(prevent):vt.預(yù)防;防止] by the holes from going through,while the low sounds are produced by allowing[(allow):vt.允許,準(zhǔn)許] more of the air to pass.All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds.The loudness of a sound is evidently[adv.明顯地] produced by how much the membrane[n.膜,隔膜] is cause[vt.促使;引起;使發(fā)生] to move.9、當(dāng)聲波進(jìn)入耳蝸這條盤旋的管道,它令薄膜前后移動(dòng)并且產(chǎn)生新的波動(dòng)。

中油職稱外語考試2010版

這種方式類似于長笛或是哨子所產(chǎn)生的高低音。當(dāng)洞穴被阻擋導(dǎo)致空氣不能通過通道時(shí)就產(chǎn)生高音,而有更多空氣通過通道時(shí)則產(chǎn)生低音。這些造成了高音和低音的不同。而聲音的大小則明顯的決定于耳膜運(yùn)動(dòng)。

10.Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect[n.效果;作用] of pressure[n.壓力] is not definitely[(definite):a.明確的;肯定的] known by scientists[(scientist):n.科學(xué)家] as yet.We do know,however[然而;可是;盡管如此],that nature[n.自然] has set up some very delicate[a.纖細(xì)的;易碎的] hearing mechanisms[(mechanism):n.機(jī)械裝置;辦法,途徑] for its creatures[(creature):n.生物(尤指動(dòng)物)].Scientists[(scientist):n.科學(xué)家] must explore[v.勘探;探究] much further[ad.更遠(yuǎn)地;進(jìn)一步地] for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.10、對(duì)于所有的動(dòng)物來說,聽覺是否真的因?yàn)闅鈮旱挠绊懚a(chǎn)生,至今科學(xué)家們?nèi)匀粵]有明確的了解。但是我們知道,自然界已經(jīng)為它的生物們建立了一些非常精細(xì)的聽覺機(jī)制。科學(xué)家們必須進(jìn)行更加深入地探討才能夠?qū)?dòng)物如何應(yīng)用它們的耳朵獲得更多的知識(shí)。

十六.The Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] Languages日耳曼語系

1.Most people have heard of the Tower[n.塔] of Babel[n.巴別塔] story in the Bible[n.基督教《圣經(jīng)》].According[a.按照;根據(jù)] to this story,long ago all people spoke the same language.Later,however[然而;可是;盡管如此],they were punished[(punish):vt.&vi.處罰,懲罰] by speaking a great number of different tongues[(tongue):n.舌;舌頭].Today,there are literally[adv.字面上地] thousands of different languages(defined[(define):v.畫出輪廓,勾勒] as mutually[(mutual):a.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的] unintelligible[adj.不可能理解的,難懂的] tongues[(tongue):n.舌;舌頭])around the world,though many are related[(relate):vi.有關(guān);涉及] to one another.Indeed[ad.確實(shí);實(shí)在],the two largest language families,the Indo-European[a.印歐語系的 n.印歐語系](the language family with the largest number of speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭])and Sino-Tibetan(containing[(contain):vt.包含;包括] the Chinese languages,Thai[n.泰國人,泰國語],Vietnamese[n.越南人],and Tibetan[n.&a.藏族(的)])include[vt.包含;包括] hundreds of languages with over half the world's population.1.大多數(shù)的人都聽說過圣經(jīng)中巴別塔的故事。故事稱很久以前,人們說的是同一種語言。但是,后來人們?cè)馐軕土P,而開始說各種不同的語言。今天,全世界真是有好幾千種不同的語言(此處指的是彼此無法相通的語言),雖然其中語言彼此都有所關(guān)聯(lián)。的確,這兩個(gè)最大的語系,印歐語系(最多人使用的語系)和漢藏語系(包括華語、泰語、越語和西藏語),涵蓋了幾百種不同的語言,使用者也超過了全世界半數(shù)的人口。

2.Because there are so many languages within[prep.在......里面] the above two super-categories of language families,linguists[(linguist):n.語言學(xué)家] have further[ad.更遠(yuǎn)地;進(jìn)一步地] divided[(divide):vt.&vi.分;劃分] these linguistically[(linguistical):a.36 中油職稱外語考試2010版

rich and geographically[ad.地理學(xué)上] diverse[adj.多種多樣的,不同的] families into sub-groups,one of which,the Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] language group,has the second-largest number of speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭](Chinese being first).Within[prep.在......里面] this group of over 500,000,000 speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] is the world's foremost[adj.最重要的,第一流的] international[adj.國際的]

language,English,foremost[adj.最重要的,第一流的] in terms of its geographic[adj.地理上的] spread[vt.延伸;展開;流傳] and number of second-language users[(user):n.用戶,使用者].German,spoken by just over 100,000,000 people,is one of the world's ten-largest languages in terms of population.As English and German speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] constitute[v.構(gòu)成] the majorities[(majority):n.大多數(shù)] in several of the world's most economically[adv.經(jīng)濟(jì)上地],militarily[(military):n.軍technologically[(technological):a.技術(shù)的] developed countries,it is important 方],and to be familiar[adj.熟悉的] with this particular[adj.特殊的;特別的] language grouping.語言的;語學(xué)的]2.就因?yàn)橛刑嗟恼Z言涵蓋于上述的兩個(gè)超級(jí)語系,語言學(xué)家就進(jìn)一步的把這兩種語言豐富、地理涵蓋范圍非常廣的語系再區(qū)分為幾種不同的次級(jí)語系,其中的1個(gè)就是日耳曼語系,使用這個(gè)語系的人數(shù)在所有語系中排名第二位(第一位為華語)。在這個(gè)有5億多人口使用的語系中,包括了世界最重要的國際語言,那就是英語。英語之所以稱得上是最重要的語言乃因使用的地區(qū)很廣,且把英語當(dāng)作第二種語言使用的人口亦很多。有1億多人操德語,故就人口而言,德語是世界十大語言之一。由于使用英語和德語的人口在幾個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事和科技先進(jìn)的國家中占絕大比例,因此熟悉日耳曼語系的來龍去脈是很重要的。3.Linguists[(linguist):n.語言學(xué)家] further[ad.更遠(yuǎn)地;進(jìn)一步地] divide[vt.&vi.分;劃分] the Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] languages into three groups,two extant[adj.現(xiàn)存的] and one extinct[adj.絕種的;滅絕的;(火等)熄滅了的].East Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的]

languages are no longer spoken;Gothic[adj.哥特式的,尖拱式的,哥特風(fēng)格的] is an example of this small and historic[adj.歷史上著名的,具有歷史意義的] grouping.Afrikaans[n.公用荷蘭

German are the 語,南非洲的荷蘭語],Dutch[n.荷蘭人,荷蘭語],English,Flemish[a.Flanders的[人.語]],and more important languages within[prep.在......里面] the West Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] grouping.The Scandinavian[a.斯干那維亞的] languages of Danish[丹麥],Icelandic[a.冰島的,冰島人的 n.冰島語],Norwegian[n.挪威人,挪威語],and Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典語] comprise[v.構(gòu)成,組成] the North Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] grouping.Though these languages cannot be easily understood among their different speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭],the similarities[(similarity):n.相似,類似] in vocabulary[n.詞匯;詞匯表] are striking[(strike):vt.侵襲].3.語言學(xué)家又進(jìn)一步地把日耳曼語系分成3個(gè)支系,其中兩個(gè)支系至今仍然存在,另1個(gè)支系,也就是東日爾曼語,因無人使用而已不復(fù)存。歌德語就屬于這種使用者不多但歷史悠久的語系。南非荷蘭語、荷蘭語、英語、佛蘭芝語、及德語則屬西日耳曼語的幾個(gè)重要語言。丹麥語、冰島語、挪威語及瑞典語等北歐語系則屬北日耳曼語系。雖然這些不同語言使用者彼此不易溝通,不過詞匯的雷同處卻很明顯。

中油職稱外語考試2010版

4.Take for example the two largest languages with this group,English and German.The word Haus in German is house in English,with nearly the same pronunciation[n.發(fā)音].Some names of German family members are instantly[(instant):n.瞬間,片刻] recognizable[adj.可辯認(rèn)的,可識(shí)別的] to English listeners and readers[(reader):n.讀者]: Mutter[v.咕噥,含糊、輕聲地說話],Bruder,and Onkel for the English mother,brother,and uncle(all German nouns[(noun):n.名詞] are capitalized[(capitalize):v.將…大寫;利用] in print[vt.印刷]).Other German family members are easily learned: Vater,Schwester,and Tante for the English father,sister,and aunt.Thus,those who know English and want to study German find their first year of learning vocabulary[n.詞匯;詞匯表] to be relatively[(relative):n.親戚;親屬] easy.The same is true,of course,for those who want to learn Dutch[n.荷蘭人,荷蘭語] or Danish[丹麥] from an English or German background[n.背景];these many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,類似] are due[adj.預(yù)期的;約定的] to the single[adj.單個(gè)的;單一的] common parent language of all the Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] tongues[(tongue):n.舌;舌頭],even though this “grandfather[n.祖父;外祖父]” language no longer exists[(exist):vi.存在].4.就拿日耳曼語系中英語及德語兩大語言來說吧,德文的Haus 就是英文的house,發(fā)音幾乎完全相同。一些德語家庭成員的稱呼如:Mutter[v.咕噥,含糊、輕聲地說話],Bruder 和Onkel,懂英語的人很快地就知道這些字指的就是mother,bother 和uncle(德文的名詞一律大寫)。其它有關(guān)家庭成員名稱的德語說法也很容易學(xué):像Vater,Schwester 和Tante 在英文里指的就是father,sister 和aunt。因此懂英語而想學(xué)德語的人,會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)初學(xué)詞匯的第一年是很容易的一件事。當(dāng)然,具有英語和德語背景的人要學(xué)丹麥語和荷蘭語也同樣是件易事。這些相似處乃因所有日耳曼語系皆源自共同的母語,盡管這個(gè)“爺爺級(jí)”的語言已不復(fù)存。5.Speakers[(speaker):n.揚(yáng)聲器,喇叭] and writers[(writer):n.作者,作家] of the Germanic[a.德國的,languages account[n.賬戶,戶頭] for a great deal[n.量;數(shù)額 v.應(yīng)付;處理] ofthe 條頓民族的,條頓語的]

world's output[n.產(chǎn)量;輸出量;輸出] in everything from economics[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)] to literature[n.文學(xué),文學(xué)作品] to military[n.軍方] to scienceand technology[n.技術(shù)].Hardly an aspect[n.方面] of modern life does not benefit[n.好處] from thecontributions made by those using these languages,as in the Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)],Hollywoodentertainment,Dutch[n.荷蘭人,荷蘭語](Phillips[n.飛利浦])and Scandinavian[a.斯干那維亞的] consumer[n.消費(fèi)者] goods design[vt.&n.設(shè)計(jì);繪制](Ericsson,maker of cellular[adj.移動(dòng)的;細(xì)胞的,由細(xì)胞組成的] phones,is a Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典語] company[n.公司],as are Volvo and Saab),and even the Nobel[n.諾貝爾] prizes[(prize):n.獎(jiǎng)賞,獎(jiǎng)品](awarded[(award):v.授予,給予 n.獎(jiǎng),獎(jiǎng)品] by both Norwegian[n.挪威人,挪威語] and Swedish[n.瑞典人,瑞典語] institutes[(institute):n.(研究)所,院]).More than one-third of the world's economic[adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的] production[n.生產(chǎn);制作] originates[(originate):v.發(fā)源,開始] in thesecountries,too.5.全球舉凡經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)、軍事乃至科技等方面的產(chǎn)品,有很多都是使用日耳曼語系的人所生產(chǎn)的。現(xiàn)代生活幾乎各方面無不受益于這些人的貢獻(xiàn),譬如互

中油職稱外語考試2010版

聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò),好萊塢娛樂事業(yè),荷蘭(菲利普公司)和北歐的消費(fèi)品設(shè)計(jì)(生產(chǎn)手機(jī)的愛利信公司就是瑞典的一家公司、富豪及紳寶汽車亦是瑞典的公司),甚至諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)(由挪威及瑞典學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)頒發(fā))。全世界的經(jīng)濟(jì)生產(chǎn)量有超過三分之一也是源自這些國家。

6.For any speaker of a language outside the Germanic[a.德國的,條頓民族的,條頓語的] language grouppreparing to choose a useful second language for the future[n.將來],English is probablythe best bet[v.打賭].German,too,is very useful in the fields of medicine,economics[n.經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)],military[n.軍方],and science and technology[n.技術(shù)].Being able to communicate[vi.交往 vt.傳送] with others inthis far-reaching[a.深遠(yuǎn)的,廣泛的] linguistic[a.語言的,語言學(xué)的] group will offer the user immeasurable[adj.不可計(jì)量的,無限的] benefits[(benefit):n.好處].6.對(duì)于那些非使用日耳曼語系的人而言,為了前途而準(zhǔn)備要選修第二種語言時(shí),英文很可能是最佳的選擇。在醫(yī)學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事和科技方面,德語也是一樣管用。日耳曼語系影響深遠(yuǎn),若能使用這種語言與該語系的人溝通將會(huì)帶來莫大的好處。

十七.How Americans Eat and Drink 美國人的飲食

1.Coca-Cola is the best-selling[adj.暢銷的] soft(non-alcoholic)drink in the world.165 million “Cokes[(coke):n.焦炭 v.煉焦]” are sold every day,from the equator[n.赤道,天球赤道] to the Arctic[a.北極的 n.北極].But whereas[conj.反之,而在另一方面] outside the USA Coke[n.焦炭 v.煉焦] tends[(tend):v.傾向于,趨于] to be a young person's drink,inside the USA anybody of any age or income[n.收入;所得] can drink it without embarrassment[n.尷尬] on any occasion[n.場(chǎng)合].1.可口可樂是全世界銷路最好的軟飲料(不含酒精的飲料)。從赤道到北極,可口可樂每天的銷售量為1、65億瓶。在美國,任何人,不論年齡大小、收入多少,都可以在任何場(chǎng)合飲用可口可樂而不至于有任何不自在的感覺。但在美國之外,可口可樂往往是青年人的飲料。

2.Coke[n.焦炭 v.煉焦] is not the only “cola[n.可樂]” drink.Pepsi[n.百事可樂] Cola[n.可樂] is a well-known[出名的;眾所周知的] rival[n.對(duì)手] and has its devotees[(devotee):n.1.皈it is not as sweet as Coke[n.焦炭 v.煉焦].Cola[n.可樂] drinks contain[vt.依者2.狂熱者],for 包含;包括] caffeine[n.咖啡因] from the kola[n.可樂[植物名]] nut and are the only soft drinks which are stimulating[(stimulate):v.鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì)] as well as refreshing[(refresh):v.使恢復(fù)精神].2.可口可樂不是唯一的可樂飲料。百事可樂是它的著名競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手并擁有自己的愛好者,因?yàn)樗幌窨煽诳蓸纺敲刺稹?蓸凤嬃虾袕目衫刑崛〉目Х纫颍⑶沂俏ㄒ坏募瓤商嵘裼钟写碳ば缘能涳嬃稀?/p>

3.There are excellent[adj.極好的;優(yōu)秀的] wines[(wine):n.酒] produced in California[n.加利福尼亞(美國州名)] which are praised[(praise):vt.&n.贊揚(yáng);表揚(yáng)] by European[adj.歐洲的;歐洲人] connoisseurs[(connoisseur):n.鑒賞家,行家],but some Americans prefer stronger stuff[n.39 中油職稱外語考試2010版

.Well-off[a.順利的,走運(yùn)的,手頭寬裕的] Americans consume[v.消耗,消費(fèi);心中總想著] a lot of alcohol[n.酒] in the form of cocktails-mixtures based[(base):n.根據(jù)地;基地] on spirits[(spirit):n.精神;精神實(shí)質(zhì)] like whisky[n.威士忌酒],gin[n.杜松子酒,陷阱,軋棉機(jī)] and vodka[n.伏特加].材料,東西]3.加利福尼亞生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)質(zhì)葡萄酒得到歐洲的行家們的贊揚(yáng),但有些美國人更喜歡烈性酒。很多美國人以喝雞尾酒的方式消費(fèi)大量酒精,這種酒是用威士忌、杜松子酒和伏特加之類的烈性酒調(diào)制而成的。

4.Hamburgers[(hamburger):n.漢堡包] and hot dogs are perhaps the best known American foods.Hot dogs-sausages between bread rolls-can be bought in snack[n.快餐;點(diǎn)心] bars[(bar):n.棒;桿] and from hot dog stands on street comers[(comer):n.來的人,新來者,有希望的人].And from San Francisco to New York,in cheap or medium-priced[a.中等價(jià)位] restaurants,hamburgers[(hamburger):n.漢堡包] will be on all the menus[(menu):n.菜單;菜譜],in company[n.公司] with steaks[(steak):n.牛排],fried chicken and seafood[n.海產(chǎn)品,海鮮].They come with French fries and crisp[adj.脆的;松脆的] green salad[n.色拉(西餐中的一種涼拌菜)].In most cases[(case):n.情況;狀況 n.箱(子);盒(子)] it is certainly good value[n.價(jià)值;益處] for money.For dessert[n.甜食] you will be offered[(offer):vt.提供] apple pie[n.餡餅],cheese[n.奶酪] cake,chocolate[n.巧克力] layer[n.層次,層面;一層] cake,ice cream[n.奶油,乳脂] and ice cream[n.奶油,乳脂] sundaes[(sundae):n.圣代].No ice cream[n.奶油,乳脂] in the world is more delicious than American ice cream[n.奶油,乳脂].4.漢堡包和熱狗也許是最著名的美國食品了。熱狗-面包卷夾香腸-可以在街角的小吃店和熱狗攤上買到。從舊金山到紐約的中小飯館,所有乏鞘菜單上都有漢堡包,它與牛排、炸雞和海味并列。它們與炸薯?xiàng)l和新鮮色拉擱在一起出售。在多數(shù)情況下,這筆錢當(dāng)然值得一花。要甜點(diǎn)心的話,你可以點(diǎn)蘋果餡餅、乳酪蛋糕、巧克力夾心蛋糕、冰淇淋和冰淇淋圣代。世界上沒有哪個(gè)地方的冰激淋比美國的更好吃了。

5.The American passion[n.激情] for speed[n.速度 v.(使)加速] has now hit the food business.Many restaurants,in particular[adj.特殊的;特別的] the great chain[n.連鎖;鏈條;鎖鏈] restaurant company[n.公司],Macdonald's,specialize[vi.成為…專家;專攻] in fast food“,food which is served[(serve):vt.招待(顧客等);服務(wù);端上(飯菜等)] at the counter ready ”to go“,or ”to take out“.The food,cooked and hot,is packed[(pack):v.into cardboard[n.厚紙板] and plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] containers[(container):n.容器],and 包;捆;群]

hot drinks go into plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)] cups with tight-fitting lids[(lid):n.蓋子].There are also drive-in[n.顧客無需下車即可得到服務(wù)的餐館] fast food restaurants,where the customer[n.顧客;主顧] does not even have to leave his or her car.They first stop at a board[n.木板] where the menu[n.菜單;菜譜] is displayed[(display):n.展覽,陳列],give an order through a microphone[n.麥克風(fēng),話筒,傳聲器] and then drive another twenty yards,where a gift hands them the meal,ready cooked and packed[(pack):v.包;捆;群].People who prefer to eat at a table in the restaurant also receive their food in cardboard[n.厚紙板] or plastic[n.&adj.塑

中油職稱外語考試2010版

containers[(container):n.容器],and the knives,forks[(fork):n.叉;餐叉] and spoons[(spoon):n.are plastic[n.&adj.塑料(的)],too.When they have finished,customers[(customer):n.匙,調(diào)羹]

顧客;主顧] throw everything except the tray[n.托盤,盤子] into a trash[n.廢物,垃圾] can.料(的)]5.美國人追求“快”的激情目前已經(jīng)影響到了飲食業(yè)。許多飯館,尤其是大型連鎖飲食公司“麥當(dāng)勞”,專門做“快餐”,也就是在柜臺(tái)隨時(shí)可以買到或帶走的食物。飯菜做好了,趁熱就裝進(jìn)紙板或塑料制的容器。熱飲料則裝入蓋子蓋得很嚴(yán)的塑料杯中。還有服務(wù)到車上的“路旁”快餐店,顧客甚至用不著離開小汽車。他們先在一塊寫有菜單的牌子前停車,通過麥克風(fēng)訂飯菜,然后再往前開20碼,就有女服務(wù)員遞上做好并裝在盒里的飯菜。愿意在飯館里坐在餐桌邊進(jìn)餐的人的飯菜也同樣裝在紙板或塑料制的容器中,刀、叉、湯匙也都是塑料做的。顧客吃完了,除了盤子以外,其余都扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。

6.In most cities,large and small,you can eat Mexican[n.墨西哥人,墨西哥語 a.墨西哥的] or Italian[n.意大利人(語)] food.And even small towns have a coffee shop serving[(serve):vt.招待(顧客等);服務(wù);端上(飯菜等)] simple meals,drinks of all kinds-and excellent[adj.極好的;優(yōu)秀的],freshly-made coffee.You sit at the counter,or are served[(serve):vt.招待(顧客等);服務(wù);端上(飯菜等)] at a table.Service[n.服務(wù)] in restaurants and coffee shops is efficient[adj.(指人)有能力的] and friendly.Waiters and waitresses[(waitress):n.女服務(wù)員] often introduce[vt.介紹] themselves.”Hi!I am Don(Debbie[n.黛比]).What can I get you folks[(folk):adj.民間的]?“ This friendliness[n.友好,友善] is natural[adj.自然的;天然的] and not entirely[(entire):adj.整個(gè)的;全部的]

influenced[(influence):n.影響;勢(shì)力] by the hope of a high tip[n.梢,末端;小費(fèi)].In any case[n.usually tip[n.梢,末端;小費(fèi)] 15% of the check.One of the 情況;狀況 n.箱(子);盒(子)],people pleasantest[(pleasant):a.令人愉快的;舒適的] things about waiters and waitresses[(waitress):n.女服務(wù)員] is that they refill[n.再注滿,替換物] your coffee cup several times for no extra[adj.額外的;外加的] charge[vt.要求收費(fèi);索價(jià) n.費(fèi)用;價(jià)錢]!6.在大多數(shù)城市里,無論大城市還是小城市,你都可以吃到墨西哥食品或意大利食品。甚至小鎮(zhèn)上也有咖啡館提供簡單的飯菜、各種飲料和非常好的剛煮好的咖啡。你坐在柜臺(tái)邊或桌旁就行。飯店和咖啡館的服務(wù)熱情周到,效率很高。男女服務(wù)員經(jīng)常自我介紹:“我是多恩(或德比)。您要點(diǎn)什么?”這種友好毫不做作,也并不完全是想多得小費(fèi)。一般,人們常另付賬單金額的15%作為小費(fèi)。男女服務(wù)員最討人喜歡的一點(diǎn)是他們屢次三番把你的咖啡杯重新斟滿而不另加收錢!7.Many American families pride[n.自豪] themselves on their cooking,and have deep freezers[(freezer):n.冰箱,冷藏箱],where they store[n.商店] food they grow in their gardens or buy in the supermarket[n.超級(jí)市場(chǎng)].Supermarkets[(supermarket):n.超級(jí)市場(chǎng)] are large self-service[n.自助式銷售] stores[(store):n.商店] selling every kind of food-fresh,canned or frozen[(freeze):vi.結(jié)冰].So,like the fast-food[a.專門提供快餐服務(wù)的] restaurants,their produce is less expensive and easier to market.There have been supermarkets[(supermarket):n.超級(jí)市場(chǎng)] in the USA since the 1930s,and they have now spread[vt.延伸;展開;流傳] through a large part of the world.41 中油職稱外語考試2010版

7.許多美國家庭以自己的烹調(diào)而自豪。他們有冷藏箱,可以把他們?cè)诨▓@種的或從超級(jí)市場(chǎng)買的食物貯藏起來。超級(jí)市場(chǎng)是大型自助商店,出售各種食品-新鮮的、罐頭裝的或冰凍的。因此,像快餐館一樣,他們的商品較便宜,容易銷售。美國從1930年代起就有超級(jí)市場(chǎng)了,現(xiàn)在超級(jí)市場(chǎng)已遍及世界的大部分地區(qū)。

十八.The Delights[(delight):n.快樂 vt.使快樂] of South Island 南島之樂

1.One of the odder[(odd):adj.奇數(shù)的] coincidences[(coincidence):n.巧合] of physical[a.身體的;體力上] geography[n.地理;地理學(xué)] is the fact[n.事實(shí);實(shí)際] that there are two double islands, roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] the same size, positioned[(position):n.位置] at each other's antipodes[(antipode):n.正相反的事物], or farthest-distant point.The islands of England and Ireland[n.愛爾蘭(歐洲)] in the Northern Hemisphere[n.半球;半球地圖] and the islands of North Island and South Island in the Southern Hemisphere[n.are just such a coincidence[n.巧合].The first two islands comprise[v.半球;半球地圖]

構(gòu)成,組成] the United[(unite):vi.&vt.聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié)] Kingdom[n.王國] and the Republic[n.共和國] of Ireland[n.愛爾蘭(歐洲)](or Eire[n.愛爾蘭共和國的舊稱]), and the second two islands comprise[v.構(gòu)成,組成] New Zealand[n.丹麥最大的島].Among these four islands, there can be no doubt[n.vi.&vt.懷疑;疑惑] that South Island is the least[n.最少量;最少]

polluted[(pollute):vt.污染] and most spectacularly[(spectacular):adj.壯觀的;引人注目的] scenic[a.風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的] of them all.1.自然地理上較為奇特的巧合之一是地球上有兩組大小約略相同、位置相對(duì)或者說相距最為遙遠(yuǎn)的雙島。北半球的英格蘭和愛爾蘭群島以及南半球的北島和南島就是這樣的一種巧合。第一組的兩座島構(gòu)成英國和愛爾蘭共和國,第二組的兩座島則組成新西蘭。四個(gè)島中,南島無疑是污染最少且風(fēng)景最秀麗的。2.There is much competition[n.競(jìng)爭(zhēng),比賽] to make such a claim[v.聲稱].The island of England,politically[(political):adj.政治的] constituting[(constitute):v.構(gòu)成]

England,Scotland[n.蘇格蘭(英國)],and Wales[n.威爾士(英國)] of the United[(unite):vi.&vt.聯(lián)合,團(tuán)結(jié)] Kingdom[n.王國],is dotted[(dot):v.散布于,布滿,點(diǎn)綴] with country villages set alongside[ad.在旁邊 prep.和…在一起;在…旁邊] rivers and lakes.There are not very tall but nonetheless[adv.盡管如此] rugged[(rug):n.小地毯;毛毯] mountains in the north,and endless[a.無止境的] miles[(mile):n.英里] of rocky[a.巖石的,多石的,象巖石的,搖晃的,] coastline[n.海岸線] that seem mystical[a.神秘的].Ireland[n.愛爾蘭(歐洲)],too,is a paradise[n.天堂] of greenery[n.綠色植物,溫室],with far fewer people than populous[adj.人口稠密的,人口眾多的] England and even more quaint[adj.離奇有趣的;古色古香的] villages scattered[(scatter):v.散its low-lying[adj.地勢(shì)低洼的] hills and forever[永遠(yuǎn)] green fields.North 開] among Island in New Zealand[n.丹麥最大的島] sports a balmy[adj.(天氣)溫和的,微風(fēng)拂面的] climate[n.氣候] and the beaches to make use of it;one beach alone is more than 150 kilometers[(kilometer):n.千米,公里] long,and with relatively[(relative):n.親戚;親屬] few people

中油職稱外語考試2010版

on its shores[(shore):n.濱;岸],one can pretend[vi.&vt.假裝;裝作] one is at the very end of the earth.Volcanoes[(volcano):n.火山],large lakes,and quickly flowing[(flow):vi.(河traverse[vt.橫越,橫切,橫斷] the land.Given the beauty[n.美麗] of these 水等)流動(dòng)] rivers three islands,what makes South Island so special[adj.特別的;專門的]? 2.這樣說勢(shì)必經(jīng)過一番競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。在政治版圖上構(gòu)成英國的英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的英格蘭本島,鄉(xiāng)間農(nóng)村沿著河岸和湖畔星羅棋布。北部的山雖不高但卻崎嶇不平,而綿延不絕的巖岸則展現(xiàn)出神秘的風(fēng)情。愛爾蘭也是綠色天堂,人口遠(yuǎn)不及人煙稠密的英格蘭,卻有更多古意盎然的農(nóng)村散布在低洼的山丘和常綠的田野間。新西蘭的北島以擁有溫和的氣候和可享受這宜人氣候的海灘為傲;光是一個(gè)海灘就超過150公里長,而岸上人口相當(dāng)稀少,可以讓人假裝自己是在世界的盡頭。火山、大湖和湍急的河流橫桓全島。既然這個(gè)三個(gè)島如此美麗,南島又有何特別指出?

3.Plenty[n.充足的;相當(dāng)多的].For those who like mountains,South Island is sure to please.Mt.Cook at 3,764 meters[(meter):n.計(jì)量器,計(jì),表] is its highest peak[n.山,山峰],with 16 others above 3,000 meters[(meter):n.計(jì)量器,計(jì),表].Naturally[(natural):adj.自然的;天然的],many local[a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 and foreign mountain climbers[(climber):n.登山者] come here for the challenge[n.考驗(yàn)(人或事物)的能力,激發(fā)] of these Southern Alps[n.阿爾卑斯山].In addition[n.增加],there is an extensive[a.大量的,大規(guī)模的] glacier[n.冰川;冰河] system[n.體系;系統(tǒng)],endless[a.無止境的] forests,and innumerable[adj.無數(shù)的,不計(jì)其數(shù)的] lakes throughout[prep.遍及;貫穿] this highland[n.高地,丘陵地帶] area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域].Some of the world's best mountain scenery[n.景色;風(fēng)景] is available[adj.可利用的;可獲得的] within[prep.在......里面] the 500-kilometer long chain[n.連鎖;鏈條;鎖鏈] of the Southern Alps[n.阿爾卑斯山].3.那可多著呢。對(duì)那些喜愛大山者來說,南島一定能取悅他們。南島的最高峰庫克山高3764米,另外還有16座超過3000米的山峰。自然而然地,許多國內(nèi)外的登山家來到此地挑戰(zhàn)南半球的阿爾卑斯山脈。此外,還有一個(gè)廣大的冰河系統(tǒng)、無止盡的森林和數(shù)不盡的湖泊遍布在這個(gè)高原帶。一些舉世無雙的山光水色可在這綿延的500公里長的南阿爾卑斯山脈之間欣賞到。

4.Perhaps you prefer the sea? South Island is not only an island,but many tiny[adj.極小的;微小的] islets[(islet):n.小島] can be found off its coastline[n.海岸線].Great deep-sea[a.深海的,遠(yuǎn)洋的] fishing,scuba[n.水中呼吸器] diving[(dive):vi.跳水],and snorkeling[(snorkel):n.(潛游者使用的)水下呼吸管] can be had,though the waters here are cooler than those of North Island.(Remember,in the Southern Hemisphere[n.半球;半球地圖],as we go north,it gets warmer.)As fewer people live on South Island than on North Island,those who crave[v.渴望得到,迫切需要] solitude[n.單獨(dú),獨(dú)居] and pristine[adj.原始的,未被破壞的] beaches will be amazed[(amaze):v.使…大為驚奇] at their luck here.With almost no heavy industry[n.工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè)] on South Island,the air,water,and land are all free of pollution[n.污染].The local[a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 seafood[n.海產(chǎn)品,海鮮] is therefore[adv.因

中油職稱外語考試2010版

此;所以] clean,plentiful[a.豐富的,富裕的],and never-ending[a.不停的,無限的].4.也許你比較喜歡海?南島并不是一座島嶼,在它的外海還散布著眾多的小島嶼,可以從事深海釣魚、深海潛水和浮淺--雖然這里的水溫比起北島的水溫要來的低。(記住,在南半球愈往北走海水愈溫暖。)由于南島的人口比北島的少,喜愛獨(dú)處和原始海灘的人在此將會(huì)對(duì)于他們有幸來到這里而感到驚異。南島上幾乎沒有重工業(yè),空氣、水和土地全都未受污染。當(dāng)?shù)氐暮ur因而干凈、富饒而且取之不盡。

5.Do healthful[a.有益于健康的] climates[(climate):n.氣候] interest you? South Island is the place to be.Its temperate[adj.自制的] climate[n.氣候] sees little snow except in the highlands[(highland):n.高地,丘陵地帶] and mountainous[a.多山的] areas[(area):n.地區(qū),區(qū)域].Like Ireland[n.愛爾蘭(歐洲)] and England,there are no extremes[(extreme):n.極端] of temperature,either.Summers are warm,not hot,and winters are brisk[a.活潑的;清新的] rather than freezing[n.冰點(diǎn)].The fresh[adj.新鮮的] air is sometimes humid[a.潮濕的] from the abundant[a.豐富的;大量的] rainfall[n.一場(chǎng)雨;降雨量] of this area[n.地區(qū),區(qū)域].Every season invites[(invite):vt.邀請(qǐng);招待] the nature[n.自然] lover to get out and be active[a.積極的;主動(dòng)的] in the countryside[n.鄉(xiāng)下;農(nóng)村].5.你對(duì)健康的氣候感興趣嗎?來南島這個(gè)地方就對(duì)了。除了在高原和山區(qū)地帶,這兒溫和的氣候很少降雪。就像愛爾蘭和英格蘭一樣,氣溫也不嚴(yán)酷。夏天暖和不熱,冬天則涼爽而不寒冷。清新的空氣有時(shí)會(huì)因這地區(qū)豐沛的降雨而潮濕。這里一年四季都適合愛好大自然的人出門到鄉(xiāng)間去活躍一番。

6.Of course,South Island is not for everyone.For those who need busy,crowded,noisy,and polluted[(pollute):vt.污染] cities,this Southern outpost[n.前哨,前哨部隊(duì),前哨地點(diǎn)] will surely disappoint[vt.使失望].For those who enjoy pressure[n.壓力] and stress[n.壓力,緊張],South Island will leave them empty-handed[a.空手的,一無所獲的].And for those who would rather stay at home or in an office in front of a computer screen[n.幕;熒光屏] or in the thumping[(thump):v.重?fù)?砰然地響],smoke-filled dance floors of discos,some of the world's best natural[adj.自然的;天然的] scenery[n.景色;風(fēng)景] will never entice[vt.慫勇,引誘] them away.For the rest of us,though,South Island is the world's best-kept secret.If Nature's[(nature):n.自然] paradise[n.天堂] sounds alluring[(allure):v.引誘n.誘惑,吸引],make a point of visiting South Island.6.當(dāng)然,并非每個(gè)人都回喜歡南島。對(duì)那些需要繁忙、擁擠、嘈雜和受污染城市的人而言,南半球的這個(gè)邊陲地區(qū)必定回讓他們感到失望;對(duì)那些喜歡壓力和緊張的人而言,南島將使他們空手而返;而那些寧愿待在家里或辦公室計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕前、或是窩在音樂震天響、煙霧彌漫的迪斯科舞池內(nèi)的人而言,世界上最棒的一些自然景色永遠(yuǎn)也無法誘使他們離開。但是對(duì)我們其余的人而言,南島是世界最棒的秘境。如果大自然中的天堂聽起來讓你覺得有吸引力,那么別忘了到南島去玩一玩。

中油職稱外語考試2010版

十九.Net[n.網(wǎng)] To Newspapers: Drop Dead 當(dāng)報(bào)紙?jiān)庥鼍W(wǎng)絡(luò)--死路一條

1.Newspapers are cockroaches[(cockroach):n.蟑螂].No matter what is introduced[(introduce):vt.介紹] into the media[n.新聞媒體] ecosystem[n.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)], the oldest of the Big Media[n.新聞媒體] survives[(survive):v.幸存].Despite[prep.盡管] decades[(decade):n.of doomsayers, newspapers prospered[(prosper):vi.繁榮] through radio, through 十年]

TV and cable[n.有線電視;纜繩,鋼索], through video[n.錄像;視頻] games, through the Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)]....Not so fast.Suddenly, even sober[a.清醒的;適度的] Wall Street analysts[(analyst):n.分析家,分析員] think something new is afoot[a.徒步的,在準(zhǔn)備中,在進(jìn)行中的].1.報(bào)紙就像是蟑螂,生命力超強(qiáng)。無論傳媒界的“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”出現(xiàn)什么新的對(duì)手,這個(gè)傳媒業(yè)老大哥總能安然度過。盡管十多年來,不斷有人預(yù)言報(bào)紙會(huì)走向窮途末路,報(bào)紙還是順利經(jīng)受了廣播、電視、電報(bào)、電視游戲和因特網(wǎng)的挑戰(zhàn)和考驗(yàn)而繼續(xù)蓬勃發(fā)展…..稍等,先別這么樂觀。突然之間,事態(tài)似乎起了變化,甚至是華爾街冷靜的分析家們也認(rèn)為新情況在悄然發(fā)生。

2.What looms[(loom):v.赫然出現(xiàn)] now ”is different from all other threats[(threat):n.威脅,危險(xiǎn)],“ says Lauren Rich Fine, a Merrill Lynch[v.私刑處死] & Co.3 analyst[n.分析家,分析員] who has covered the industry[n.工業(yè);產(chǎn)業(yè)] since the 1980s.Consumers[(consumer):n.消費(fèi)者] are shifting[(shift):v.移動(dòng)] decisively[(decisive):a.決定性的;果斷的] to online information[n.信息], says Fine, especially[adv.特別,尤其] the young, and are no longer yoked[(yoke):n.軛,牛軛;枷鎖] to the local[a.當(dāng)?shù)氐模槐就恋腯 newspaper.”Ads[自動(dòng)化制圖系統(tǒng)] are following the eyeballs[(eyeball):n.眼球,眼珠] to where they make transactional decisions[(decision):n.決定,決心].“ Fine recently[adv.近來] forecast[n.預(yù)that newspapers' profit[v.得到好處] margins[(margin):n.頁邊的空白;邊緣] are set to 測(cè),預(yù)報(bào) vt.預(yù)示]

enter[(ENT):耳鼻喉科] a long period[n.時(shí)期;時(shí)代] of decline[n.下降,減少].2.Lauren Rich Fine是美林證券的分析家,他從20世紀(jì)80年代就開始關(guān)注這個(gè)行業(yè)的發(fā)展,他說:“這次報(bào)紙受到了前所未有的威脅。” Lauren Rich Fine說,人們,尤其是年輕人,堅(jiān)決地由報(bào)紙轉(zhuǎn)向了網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息,從而擺脫了報(bào)紙的束縛。“在消費(fèi)者要做出與交易相關(guān)決定時(shí),他們的眼球盯在哪里,廣告就會(huì)跟到哪里。” Lauren Rich Fine最近預(yù)測(cè),報(bào)紙的利潤要陷入長期低迷。3.The new and troubling reality[n.現(xiàn)實(shí)] for newspapers is that even if they excel[v.擅長] as purveyors[(purveyor):n.承辦者] of information[n.信息] to appreciative[a.感激的] audiences[(audience):n.聽眾], they still face tough[adj.艱難的,困難的] business terrain[n.地帶,地域,范圍,領(lǐng)域].”They can try to be the destination[n.目的地] where you go online and [can] be really successful[adj.成功的;有成就的] with citizen[n.公民;居民] journalism[n.新聞業(yè),新聞工作]4 and blogs,“ says Fine.But such innovations[(innovation):n.新方法,新辦法,革新] are ”not going to pay a lot of bills[(bill):n.(美)鈔票;紙幣].“5 3.最新的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)是,雖然報(bào)紙對(duì)于能欣賞他們的忠實(shí)讀者來說,仍然是信

中油職稱外語考試2010版

息傳播的強(qiáng)力媒介,但它們?nèi)匀幻媾R著殘酷的商業(yè)前景。Fine說:“報(bào)紙可以試著牽手網(wǎng)絡(luò),隨著博客和平民新聞業(yè)的發(fā)展而獲得成功。”但是這樣的革新也“不會(huì)幫助報(bào)社減輕多少運(yùn)營的成本壓力。”

4.Newspaper execs[(exec):n.execute的簡寫;執(zhí)行;運(yùn)行] are groping[(grope):v.摸索(路等)] for some killer app6, but nothing has yet taken hold.Charging[(charge):vt.要求收費(fèi);索價(jià) n.for online content[adj.甘愿的;滿意的 n.內(nèi)容] works for The Wall Street Journal[n.費(fèi)用;價(jià)錢]

Web-only subscriptions[(subscription):n.預(yù)約,用戶,訂閱費(fèi)] cost $79-still 報(bào)紙,定期刊物], where far below the $215 print[vt.印刷] subscription-but no other brand-name newspaper dares[(dare):v.aux.敢;敢于] to follow.The New York Times will charge[vt.要求收費(fèi);索價(jià) n.費(fèi)用;價(jià)錢] Web[n.網(wǎng)] users[(user):n.用戶,使用者] to read its columnists' prose[n.散文] later this year, but the Los[n.los] Angeles Times just lifted the fee[n.費(fèi)用] for its arts listings[(listing):列表] site[n.場(chǎng)所,遺址], calendarlive.com.Washington[n.華盛頓] Post Co.Chairman[n.主席] Donald E.Graham[a.用末精制之面粉的;全麥的] has said he won't charge[vt.要求收費(fèi);索價(jià) n.費(fèi)用;價(jià)錢] for washingtonpost.com.4.報(bào)業(yè)主管們?nèi)匀辉谔綄つ芤徽兄茢车慕鉀Q問題的良方,但目前仍是一無所獲。《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》對(duì)網(wǎng)上信息進(jìn)行收費(fèi),似乎還挺奏效。電子版報(bào)紙的訂費(fèi)是每年79美元,比215美元的印刷版便宜多了。然而,其他知名報(bào)紙都不敢原樣照搬它的經(jīng)驗(yàn):《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》今年后半年只會(huì)對(duì)專欄的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行收費(fèi);但是《落杉機(jī)時(shí)報(bào)》只是提高了其藝術(shù)版calendarlive.com的費(fèi)用;《華盛頓郵報(bào)》的主席DonaldE.Graham[a.用末精制之面粉的;全麥的]說他們不打算對(duì)網(wǎng)站washingtonpost.com進(jìn)行收費(fèi)。

5.Internet[n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)] damage[n.&vt.毀壞;損害] was quantified[(quantify):vt.確定…的數(shù)量] in an April McKinsey & Co.7 report on online classified[(classify):v.分類,歸類] ads[自動(dòng)化制圖系統(tǒng)]8 that bluntly[(blunt):v.減弱] talked about ”price[n.價(jià)格,價(jià)錢] destruction[n.破壞,毀滅].“ The Internet's[(internet):n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)] effect[n.效果;作用] on help-wanted classifieds[(classified):a.分類的,類別的,被指定為機(jī)密的]9, the study found, cost newspapers $1.9 billion in revenue[n.收入,收益] between 1996 and 2004.And classified-ad categories[(category):n.種類,類別] like real estate[n.(上有大片建筑物的)土地,區(qū)] and automotive[a.汽車的] may not be exempt[a.免除的 vt.使免除,豁免] from such trends[(trend):n.趨向,趨勢(shì)], the report warned[(warn):vt.警告;預(yù)先通知].Newspapers have been hurt by the quiet march of free(or low-cost[a.價(jià)格便宜的,廉價(jià)的])classifieds[(classified):a.分類的,類別的,被指定為機(jī)密的] on craigslist.org, which now serves[(serve):vt.招待(顧客等);服務(wù);端上(飯菜等)] more than 100 U.S.regions[(region):n.地區(qū)] and 33 countries and logs[(log):n.原木,木料] more than 2.5 billion page views[(view):n.風(fēng)景;景色;眺望;觀察] a month.5.麥肯錫在四月份出示的一份關(guān)于在線分類廣告的報(bào)告中,就因特網(wǎng)對(duì)報(bào)業(yè)造成的損失進(jìn)行了量化分析,報(bào)告總很直率地談到了“價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),因特網(wǎng)對(duì)照品類廣告產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響,導(dǎo)致報(bào)紙?jiān)?996-2004年間營業(yè)收入損失19億美元。分類廣告中類似房地產(chǎn)和汽車等專欄可能也未能逃脫厄運(yùn)。報(bào)告

中油職稱外語考試2010版

警告說:craigslist.org上的免費(fèi)分類廣告快速蔓延,這個(gè)網(wǎng)站已經(jīng)覆蓋了33個(gè)國家和美國國內(nèi)100多個(gè)地區(qū),一個(gè)月之內(nèi)會(huì)有25頁的閱讀量,報(bào)紙已經(jīng)深受其害。

6.Further[ad.更遠(yuǎn)地;進(jìn)一步地] pressure[n.壓力] may be discerned[(discern):v.識(shí)別,辨認(rèn)] in analysts' studies showing recent[adj.最近的;近來的] increases[(increase):vt.增加;繁殖] in discounted[(discount):n.折扣] newspaper subscriptions[(subscription):n.預(yù)約,用戶,訂閱費(fèi)].This coincided[(coincide):v.(在時(shí)間上)巧合,同時(shí)發(fā)生] roughly[(rough):adj.粗糙的] with widespread[a.分布廣的,普遍的] broad-band adoption[n.收養(yǎng),領(lǐng)養(yǎng)], enabling[(enable):v.使(某人)能夠做某事] painless[a.無痛perusal[n.熟讀,精讀,吟味] of endless[a.無止境的] free content[adj.甘愿的;滿意的 n.內(nèi)容].And 的,不痛的]

it has occurred[(occur):vi.發(fā)生] alongside[ad.在旁邊 prep.和…在一起;在…旁邊] the advent[n.來到,來臨] of free dailies[(daily):n.日?qǐng)?bào) adj.每日的;日常的] from the likes of Sweden's[(Sweden):n.瑞典(歐洲)] Metro[n.一些城市的地下鐵路(如巴黎)] International[adj.國際的]10 and Knight[n.騎士]

Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫]11, which in February bought five free dailies[(daily):n.日?qǐng)?bào) adj.每日的;日常的] in California[n.加利福尼亞(美國州名)].6.分析家的研究結(jié)果說明了報(bào)業(yè)面臨著更深一層的壓力-報(bào)紙訂閱開始打折。當(dāng)今寬帶廣泛采用,讀者能夠毫不費(fèi)力地閱讀無限量的免費(fèi)信息。在這樣的背景下,瑞典的Metro[n.一些城市的地下鐵路(如巴黎)] International[adj.國際的]和Knight[n.騎士] Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫]開始發(fā)行免費(fèi)日?qǐng)?bào),Kinght Ridders收購了五家舊金灣地區(qū)的免費(fèi)贈(zèng)閱日?qǐng)?bào)。

7.Companies[(company):n.公司] like Knight[n.騎士] Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫] and Tribune[n.(常用于報(bào)刊名)論壇;講壇] Co.have also moved aggressively[(aggressive):adj.侵犯的,攻擊的,挑釁的] into low-cost[a.價(jià)格便宜的,廉價(jià)的] and free classifieds[(classified):a.分類的,類別的,被指定為機(jī)密的] online.But holding share[vt.分享;共同使用] via[prep.通過,憑借;經(jīng)過,經(jīng)由] ultra-low prices[(price):n.價(jià)格,means, in bottom-line terms, that ”you lose for winning,“ says Fine, 價(jià)錢]

substituting[(substitute):n.代替者,代替物 v.代替] lower-margin for higher-margin business.Knight[n.騎士] Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫] exec[n.execute的簡寫;執(zhí)行;運(yùn)行] Hilary A.Schneider disputes[(dispute):v.對(duì)…提出異議] the lower-margin claim[v.聲稱], pointing to successes[(success):n.成功] with online and offline[脫機(jī)的] classified[(classify):v.分類,歸類] packages[(package):n.包裝,把…裝盒/袋;包,包裹].But that doesn't convince[v.使確信].Given the Internet's[(internet):n.國際互聯(lián)網(wǎng),因特網(wǎng)] vast[adj.巨大的;廣闊的], almost infinite[adj.無限的,無窮的], expanse[n.寬闊的區(qū)域,寬闊], scarcity[n.缺乏,不足,缺少] will never drive ad[n.(縮)廣告]

pricing[(price):n.價(jià)格,價(jià)錢] online.”There's just so much inventory[n.詳細(xì)目錄,清單] out there,“ says Deutsche[n.德國[馬克;mark簡作DM]] Bank[n.(河,海,湖的)堤,岸] analyst[n.分析家,分析員] Paul[n.保羅] Ginocchio.7.Knight[n.騎士] Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫]和Tribune[n.(常用于報(bào)刊名)論壇;講壇] Co.等公司通過(免費(fèi)日?qǐng)?bào)等)手段向網(wǎng)上的低成本或免費(fèi)分類廣告發(fā)起攻勢(shì),可謂來勢(shì)洶洶。但是,F(xiàn)ine認(rèn)為,如果我們看看最終的經(jīng)營結(jié)果,通過超低價(jià)格來爭(zhēng)取市場(chǎng)份額是“殺敵三千,自損一萬”,這樣做只不過是用低利率的經(jīng)營取代了高利潤的經(jīng)營。Knight[n.騎士] Ridder[(rid):v.使擺脫]的高管Hilary A.Schneider對(duì)這種“低利潤率經(jīng)營”的說法不以為然,Schneider也很自豪于自己將網(wǎng)上與報(bào)紙的分類廣告進(jìn)

中油職稱外語考試2010版

行組合的成功嘗試。但光是這點(diǎn)成功是不具備足夠說服力的。要知道互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的覆蓋面是極其寬廣甚至無邊的,不管其中登出的某些需求多么冷僻,也永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)打壓互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣告的價(jià)格。德意志銀行的分析員Paul[n.保羅] Ginocchio說:“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的分類目錄真是浩瀚無邊。”

8.No medium[n.手段,工具] disappears[(disappear):vi.消失] quickly, and it will be a while before rusting[(rust):n.銹 vi.生銹,氧化] newspaper boxes creak[vi.吱吱嘎嘎地作響]

vacantly[(vacant):a.空的;未被占用的] in the breeze[n.微風(fēng),和風(fēng)].Newspaper companies[(company):n.公司] now pursue[v.(繼續(xù))從事或忙于(某事物)] digital[a.數(shù)字式的,數(shù)碼的] deals[(deal):n.量;數(shù)額 v.應(yīng)付;處理].Recently[adv.近來], Gannett acquired[(acquire):v.獲得;學(xué)到] online ad[n.(縮)廣告] tech[技術(shù)] provider[(provide):vt.提供] PointRoU, and E.W.Scripps snagged[(snag):n.障礙;暗樁]

comparison[n.比較,對(duì)比] shopping service[n.服務(wù)] Shopzilla.Diversifying[(diversify):vt.使多樣化] means snapping[(snap):v.啪地移動(dòng);(使)突然斷開,斷開(成兩截)] up Web[n.網(wǎng)] outfits-and therein[ad.在那里,在那時(shí)] lies an unpleasant[a.使人不愉快的] reminder[(remind):vt.提醒;使記起].Newspapers are cockroaches[(cockroach):n.蟑螂].But the Net's[(net):n.網(wǎng)] starting to resemble[v.相像] Black Flag[n.旗].12 8.如何一個(gè)媒體形式都不會(huì)快速消亡。要等到“生銹的空?qǐng)?bào)紙紙箱在微風(fēng)中吱吱做響” 的情景尚需時(shí)日。報(bào)業(yè)一直在尋求并購網(wǎng)絡(luò)公司。最近,Gannett收購了在線廣告技術(shù)提供商PointRoll,E.W.Scipps則收購了價(jià)格比較購物網(wǎng)站Shopzilla。多元化意味著各大報(bào)紙都在迅速為自己增添網(wǎng)絡(luò)裝備--然而網(wǎng)絡(luò)卻總是帶著不祥的暗示:報(bào)紙的生命力確實(shí)如蟑螂般頑強(qiáng),但網(wǎng)絡(luò)卻開始帶著殺氣向它走來。

二十.If Lincoln[n.林肯] Had Used a Computer 如果林肯使用過計(jì)算機(jī)……

1.The ad[n.(縮)廣告] for a software[n.軟件] program[n.節(jié)目單;大綱;程序 n.行動(dòng)方案;工作計(jì)劃] caught my eye.It said,”Write better in 30 days or your money back.“

1、有一則計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的廣告引起了我的注意。它說:“要是30天之內(nèi)不能提高你的寫作能力,就將原款退還。”2.I'm familiar[adj.熟悉的] with computer programs[(program):n.節(jié)目單;大綱;程序 n.行動(dòng)方案;工作計(jì)劃] that correct[adj.正確的;對(duì)的] spelling through the use of built-in[a.內(nèi)置的] dictionaries.But the ad[n.(縮)廣告] for this program[n.節(jié)目單;大綱;程序 n.行動(dòng)方案;工作計(jì)劃] said that it would correct[adj.正確的;對(duì)的] ”stylistic[a.格式上的,體裁上的] errors[(error):n.錯(cuò)誤]“.2、我熟悉那些通過使用內(nèi)建字典來糾正拼寫錯(cuò)誤的計(jì)算機(jī)程序。但是,這則軟件廣告卻說,它能糾正“文體錯(cuò)誤”。

3.Style[n.樣式].That's a big part of what writing is about.So I stopped by the computer store[n.商店] to give it a test[n.&vt.試驗(yàn);測(cè)驗(yàn)] run.I wanted to see what the program[n.節(jié)目單;大綱;程序 n.行動(dòng)方案;工作計(jì)劃] would say about one of my favorite pieces of writing.48 中油職稱外語考試2010版

3、文體對(duì)于寫作關(guān)系可是很重大的。因此,我在那家計(jì)算機(jī)商店停下來,準(zhǔn)備試一試這個(gè)程序。我想看一看它會(huì)對(duì)我所喜愛的一篇文章說些什么。4.I typed[(type):vt.打字 n.類型] it into the computer.Then the computer printed[(print):vt.印刷] out a critique[n.(文藝等的)批評(píng),評(píng)論].Here it is:

4、我把文章輸進(jìn)了計(jì)算機(jī)。接著,計(jì)算機(jī)屏幕上顯示出了一段評(píng)語。下文便是:

5.Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth[adv.等等] on this continent[n.大陸;大洲] a new nation[n.民族;國家],conceived[(conceive):v.構(gòu)思,設(shè)想;懷孕] in Liberty[n.自由 n.權(quán)利],and dedicated[adj.忠誠的,熱忱的,一心一意的] to the proposition[n.命題,主題;提議] that all men are created[(create):vt.創(chuàng)造;造成] equal[adj.平等的;均等的].[Long sentences can be difficult to read and understand.Consider[vt.考慮] revising[(revise):vt.修訂,校訂;修改] so that no more than one complete[vt.完成;結(jié)束] thought is expressed[(express):vt.表達(dá);表示] in each sentence.Passive[adj.被動(dòng)的;消極的] voice[n.說”are created[(create):vt.創(chuàng)造;造成].“ Consider[vt.考慮] using active[a.積極的;主動(dòng)的].話聲;嗓音]: Usually a paragraph[n.段落] should have more than one sentence.] 5、87年前,我們的先輩在這個(gè)大陸上締造了一個(gè)新國家。她以自由為立國之本,堅(jiān)決奉行所有的人生來平等的原則。

6.Now we are engaged[(engage):v.從事] [Passive[adj.被動(dòng)的;消極的] voice[n.說話聲;嗓音]: ”are engaged[(engage):v.從事].“ Consider[vt.考慮] using active[a.積極的;主動(dòng)的].See ”Help“ key for more information[n.信息].] in a great civil[adj.國內(nèi)的] war[n.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)],testing[(test):n.&vt.whether that nation[n.民族;any nation[n.民族;so conceived[(conceive):v.試驗(yàn);測(cè)驗(yàn)] 國家],or 國家]

so dedicated[adj.忠誠的,熱忱的,一心一意的],can long endure[v.持續(xù),持久].We are 構(gòu)思,設(shè)想;懷孕] and met [Passive[adj.被動(dòng)的;消極的] voice[n.說話聲;嗓音]: ”are met.“ Consider[vt.考慮] using active[a.積極的;主動(dòng)的].] on a great battle[n.戰(zhàn)役;戰(zhàn)斗] field of that war[n.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)].We have come to dedicated[adj.忠誠的,熱忱的,一心一意的] a portion[n.部分] of that field,as a final[a.最后的;決定性的] resting place for those who here gave their lives that that [Delete[v.刪去] doubled word.] nation[n.民族;國家] might[v.aux.可能;也許] live.It is altogether[adv.總共] fitting[(fit):adj.適合的] and proper[adj.合適的;恰當(dāng)?shù)腯 that we should do this.6、目前我們正在進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)偉大的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)正考驗(yàn)我國,或者任何在自由中誕生并奉行上述原則的國家能否永存。我們?cè)谶@場(chǎng)偉大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上聚會(huì)。把這戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)之一角奉獻(xiàn)給那些為國家生存而捐軀的人們,作為他們的最后安息之地。我們完全應(yīng)該這樣做。

7.But,[Use ”But“ sparingly[ad.拘謹(jǐn)?shù)?樸實(shí)地;節(jié)儉地] to start a sentence.] in a larger sense[n.感覺;意識(shí)],we cannot dedicate[vt.獻(xiàn)身,致力于,把(時(shí)間、精力等)用于],we cannot consecrate[v.1.使神圣2.奉獻(xiàn)],we cannot hallow[v.把…視為神圣,尊敬] this ground.The brave[adj.勇敢的] men,living and dead,who struggled[(struggle):vi.斗爭(zhēng)] here,have consecrated[(consecrate):v.1.使神圣2.奉獻(xiàn)] it,far above our poor power[n.力;動(dòng)力;電力] to add[vt.添加;增加] or detract[v.誹謗,貶低].The world will little note[n.筆記;便條] nor long remember [An adjective[n.形容詞] ”long“ is usually not followed by a verb

中油職稱外語考試2010版

”remember.“ You may need to use an adverbial[a.副詞的] form of ”long“ or a comma[n.逗號(hào),逗點(diǎn)] before ”remember.“] what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us,the living,rather [This word usually adds[(add):vt.添加;增加] little and should be omitted[(omit):v.略去,省去,遺漏;疏忽,忘記做某事].] to be dedicated[adj.忠誠的,熱忱的,一心一意的] here to the unfinished work which [”That“ is almost always preferred in this situation[n.形勢(shì);情況].If you really mean ”which,“ then it usually needs to be preceded[(precede):v.先于;位于…之前] by a comma[n.”Help“ key for more information[n.信息].] they who fought here have 逗號(hào),逗點(diǎn)],See thus far so nobly[ad.華麗地,高潔地,豪爽地] advanced[adj.先進(jìn)的;高級(jí)的].It is rather [This word usually adds[(add):vt.添加;增加] little and should be omitted[(omit):v.略去,省去,遺漏;for us to be here dedicated[adj.忠誠的,熱忱的,一心一意的] to the great task[n.疏忽,忘記做某事].] remaining[(remain):vt.余下;留下] before us: that from these honored[adj.榮幸] dead 任務(wù);工作]

we take increased[(increase):vt.增加;繁殖] devotion[n.忠誠,熱愛] to that cause[vt.促使;引起;使發(fā)生] for which they gave the last full measure[vt.&vi.量] of devotion[n.忠誠,熱愛];that we here highly revolve[v.(使)旋轉(zhuǎn)] that these dead [Usually ”these" should be followed by a plural[a.復(fù)數(shù)的 n.復(fù)數(shù)] noun[n.名詞].] shall not have died in vain[a.徒勞的;自負(fù)的];that this nation[n.民族;國家],under God[n.神;(大寫)上帝],shall have a new birth[n.出生;誕生] of freedom[n.自由];and that government[n.政府] of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish[vi.死亡,夭折;枯萎] from the earth.[Problems detected[(detect):v.發(fā)現(xiàn),察覺]: 13.]

7、但是從更廣泛的意義上來說,我們無權(quán)把這塊土地奉獻(xiàn)給他們,也無力神圣化這片土地。那些活著的和死去的,曾在這里戰(zhàn)斗過的英雄,才使這片土地成為神圣之地,而非我們的微薄之力所能增減。世人不會(huì)注意也不會(huì)長久記得我們今天在這里說了些什么,但是勇士們?cè)谶@里做過的事將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)被忘記。倒是我們這些活著的人,應(yīng)該繼續(xù)英雄們?yōu)橹畱?zhàn)斗并使之前進(jìn)的未竟事業(yè)。我們應(yīng)該要更加忠誠于先烈為之犧牲的事業(yè),為擺在我們面前的偉大任務(wù)繼續(xù)獻(xiàn)身;我們?cè)谶@里下定決心不能讓他們的鮮血白流;這個(gè)國家,在上帝的保佑下將獲得自由的新生。這個(gè)民有、民治、民享的政府將與世長存。

8.That's something.As often as I've read this speech[n.演講],getting a lump[n.團(tuán),塊;腫塊] in my throat[n.喉嚨] every time.I've never detected[(detect):v.發(fā)現(xiàn),one stylistic[a.格式上的,體裁上的] problem,much less 13.Shows how little I know.察覺]

8、真是奇跡!每當(dāng)我閱讀這篇演講詞的時(shí)候,總感覺心情激動(dòng),如鯁在喉。我卻從未發(fā)現(xiàn)過它有一處文體錯(cuò)誤,更不用說它有13處錯(cuò)誤了。這表明我的知識(shí)何等貧乏啊!9.But I suppose[vt.猜想;假定] we really shouldn't expect[vt.盼望;認(rèn)為] anything better from someone who grew up in a log[n.原木,木料] cabin[n.小屋;船艙,機(jī)艙],hoofed[(hoof):n.蹄] to a oneroom Schoolhouse[n.校舍] and never made it to college[n.學(xué)院].9、但是,我們不應(yīng)該苛求一個(gè)在小木屋里長大,徒步到那所只有一間屋子的學(xué)校上學(xué),后來也沒有上成大學(xué)的人,他也不可能把話講得再好了。

下載職稱英語單詞排序版word格式文檔
下載職稱英語單詞排序版.doc
將本文檔下載到自己電腦,方便修改和收藏,請(qǐng)勿使用迅雷等下載。
點(diǎn)此處下載文檔

文檔為doc格式


聲明:本文內(nèi)容由互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶自發(fā)貢獻(xiàn)自行上傳,本網(wǎng)站不擁有所有權(quán),未作人工編輯處理,也不承擔(dān)相關(guān)法律責(zé)任。如果您發(fā)現(xiàn)有涉嫌版權(quán)的內(nèi)容,歡迎發(fā)送郵件至:645879355@qq.com 進(jìn)行舉報(bào),并提供相關(guān)證據(jù),工作人員會(huì)在5個(gè)工作日內(nèi)聯(lián)系你,一經(jīng)查實(shí),本站將立刻刪除涉嫌侵權(quán)內(nèi)容。

相關(guān)范文推薦

    臨床藥學(xué)專業(yè)英語單詞排序版!匯總

    A: ailment ['e?lm(?)nt] n. 小病;不安 accreditation 英 [?,kred?'te???n] 美 [?'kr?d?'te??n] n. 委派;信賴;鑒定合格 applicant ['?pl?k(?)nt] n. 申請(qǐng)人,......

    2010職稱英語單詞標(biāo)注版(5篇)

    1.English is a Crazy[a.瘋狂的] Language 英語是一門瘋狂的語言 1.Let's face it-English is a crazy[a.瘋狂的] language. There is no egg in eggplant[n.茄子] nor ham[......

    最常用的1000個(gè)英語單詞按詞頻排序

    最常用的1000個(gè)英語單詞按詞頻排序 這里列舉出最常用的1000個(gè)單詞,按照常用頻率排序,因?yàn)樗前磭庥⒄Z單詞的實(shí)際使用頻率進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)的,可能不太適合在中國的英語單詞實(shí)際使用......

    2010職稱英語單詞標(biāo)注版附帶目錄

    目 錄 一.English is a Crazy[a.瘋狂的] Language 英語是一門瘋狂的語言 ........................................................................ 4 二. All I Learned......

    英語單詞

    UNIT 1 與。。。保持一致 演變;進(jìn)化 裝置 缺點(diǎn);不利條件 原理;道德準(zhǔn)則 制造;修筑 推遲 黑白的 可使用的;可接觸的; 可到達(dá)的;易理解的 衛(wèi)星電視蝶形天線 使分布;分銷 百分率; 無線電......

    英語單詞匯總

    詞匯表I A a (an) art. 一個(gè)(只,把,臺(tái)……) *able adj. 能夠的,有才能的 about prep. / ad. 關(guān)于,涉及,在……方面 *above prep. 在上方,過于,超出 *accept v. 接受 acci......

    常用英語單詞大全

    外語下載中心 http://down.tingroom.com 一、 學(xué)習(xí)用品 (school things) pen鋼筆 pencil鉛筆 pencil-case鉛筆盒 ruler尺子 book書 bag包 comic book漫畫書 post card明信片......

    英語單詞大全

    英語單詞大全 這里列舉出最常用的2000個(gè)單詞,按照常用頻率排序,因?yàn)樗前磭庥⒄Z單詞的實(shí)際使用頻率進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)的,可能不太適合在中國的英語單詞實(shí)際使用頻率,但它有助你了解英......

主站蜘蛛池模板: 久久亚洲国产精品五月天婷| 欧美最大胆的西西人体44| 天天躁狠狠躁狠狠躁性色av| 久久精品极品盛宴免视| 久久精品人人爽人人爽| 久久精品人人看人人爽| 人妻无码专区一区二区三区| 国产乱子伦农村叉叉叉| 欧美精品久久久久久| 色综合久久中文娱乐网| 午夜131美女爱做视频| 中文字幕亚洲欧美日韩2019| 精品无码人妻一区二区三区不卡| 久久不见久久见免费影院| 妺妺窝人体色www在线下载| 国产天美传媒性色av出轨| 久久天天躁狠狠躁夜夜躁2014| 欧美老妇交乱视频在线观看| 亚洲日韩欧美在线无卡| 国产在线观看黄av免费| 国产在线无码精品无码| 国产精品欧美成人片| 老汉色老汉首页a亚洲| 麻豆国产精品va在线观看不卡| 人妻在厨房被色诱 中文字幕| 欧美男男大粗吊1069| 亚洲中文字幕无码永久在线| 久久中文字幕人妻av熟女| 九九99无码精品视频在线观看| 粗大猛烈进出高潮视频大全| 欧美日本精品一区二区三区| 青青青国产成人久久111网站| 青草青草久热精品视频在线播放| 人人鲁免费播放视频| 日本两人免费观看的视频| 制服丝袜另类专区制服| 天天综合网久久综合免费人成| 欧美丰满熟妇性xxxx| 99久久综合狠狠综合久久aⅴ| 精品国产18久久久久久| 中国女人高潮hd|