第一篇：曼德拉和奧巴馬：領(lǐng)袖的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力特征

曼德拉和奧巴馬：領(lǐng)袖的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力特征

2013-07-24 11:10:55 清華大學(xué)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培訓(xùn)

納爾遜·羅利赫拉赫拉·曼德拉（NelsonRolihlahlaMandela）1918年7月18日出生于南非特蘭斯凱，先后獲南非大學(xué)文學(xué)士和威特沃特斯蘭德大學(xué)律師資格。曾任非國(guó)大青年聯(lián)盟全國(guó)書記、主席。于1994年至1999年間任南非總統(tǒng)，是首位黑人總統(tǒng)，被尊稱為南非國(guó)父。貝拉克·侯賽因·奧巴馬二世（英語(yǔ)：BarackHusseinObamaII，1961.08.04-），美國(guó)民主黨政治家。第56屆、第57屆美國(guó)總統(tǒng)（連任）。為美國(guó)歷史上第一位非裔總統(tǒng)，首位同時(shí)擁有黑（盧歐族）白（英德愛(ài)混血）血統(tǒng)的總統(tǒng)。

2013年7月18日，南非著名的反種族隔離英雄納爾遜-曼德拉迎來(lái)了95歲生日。這位已在病榻上纏綿了一個(gè)多月的老人牽動(dòng)著全世界的心。作為著名領(lǐng)袖，其表現(xiàn)出的意志力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力thldl.org.cn為管理者提供了很好的范本。

在此之前，2013年6月底，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬曾訪問(wèn)非洲，這是奧巴馬第二屆總統(tǒng)任期以來(lái)首次造訪非洲，也是這位美國(guó)歷史上首位非洲裔總統(tǒng)時(shí)隔近四年再次踏上這片土地。實(shí)際上，與其說(shuō)非洲在期待奧巴馬給予的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)，不如說(shuō)他們?cè)谧非筮m合非洲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。這是這塊古老土地強(qiáng)烈的方向性問(wèn)題。繼“非洲之子”納爾遜-曼德拉之后，奧巴馬似乎恰好滿足了這一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力角色的雙重需要。

因而，這兩人的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力問(wèn)題自然備受矚目。不過(guò)，上述訪問(wèn)恰逢曼德拉病危之際。輿論所關(guān)注的雙方會(huì)晤并未實(shí)現(xiàn)。

兩人在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力方面有何異同？有何值得借鑒之處？在此，我們特刊發(fā)《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》英文版總編輯殷阿笛（AdiIgnatius）對(duì)《時(shí)代》總編輯、作家理查德-施騰格爾（RichardStengel），以及《紐約客》主編、普利策新聞獎(jiǎng)得主、作家戴維。雷姆尼克（DavidRemnick）的訪談。

HBR：我們今天一起聊聊曼德拉和奧巴馬的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力問(wèn)題。理查德。施騰格爾撰寫了《曼德拉之路》（Mandela'sway：FifteenLessonsonLife，Love，andCourage），戴維。雷姆尼克則撰寫了《崛起的橋梁》（TheBridge：TheLifeandRiseofBarackObama）。請(qǐng)問(wèn)，有些人真的會(huì)像曼德拉和奧巴馬那樣，天生就具有某種杰出的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力特征嗎？比如說(shuō)出眾的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力？

理查德-施騰格爾：其實(shí)通常不是這樣的，我認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的養(yǎng)成是一個(gè)結(jié)合的過(guò)程。不要忘了，曼德拉是極為特殊的個(gè)案，他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力就是先天條件和后天經(jīng)歷的一個(gè)結(jié)合。曼德拉有642英尺高，寬厚的肩膀，魅力十足的笑容。然而，27年的牢獄生涯，某種意義上是錘煉他的熔爐。曠日持久的牢獄經(jīng)歷事實(shí)上塑造了他的性格，也塑造了他出獄之后我們所看到的諸多領(lǐng)袖特質(zhì)。他的威嚴(yán)、他的寬恕、他的平凡等，他在獄中學(xué)到的一切都和他的性格天賦結(jié)合在一起。

HBR：成就曼德拉的這段經(jīng)歷非常重要。那奧巴馬領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的考驗(yàn)是什么呢？他們有什么不同？

戴維-雷姆尼克：談到入主白宮之前的經(jīng)歷，曼德拉的成就要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于奧巴馬。某種意義上來(lái)講，奧巴馬并沒(méi)有承受像曼德拉那樣深重的苦難，但他卻擁有與曼德拉類似的特征和氣質(zhì)。對(duì)奧巴馬來(lái)說(shuō)，第一次真正的考驗(yàn)是國(guó)家性的選舉，但他并沒(méi)有競(jìng)選總統(tǒng)，而是競(jìng)選了聯(lián)邦參議員、努力進(jìn)入國(guó)會(huì)。當(dāng)他2004年競(jìng)選參議院議員時(shí)，已經(jīng)和自己的對(duì)手一樣強(qiáng)大了，并且由于天時(shí)地利人和，奧巴馬完勝。

所以我們說(shuō)到奧巴馬的故事，難免會(huì)講到他的好運(yùn)氣，他這一路走得真是相當(dāng)?shù)仨橈L(fēng)順?biāo)６吕墙?jīng)過(guò)了27年獄中生涯之后才成為如此杰出的領(lǐng)袖的。不過(guò)，不管怎么說(shuō)，在許多方面，奧巴馬似乎都是下一個(gè)曼德拉。

當(dāng)奧巴馬真正參與總統(tǒng)選舉時(shí)，他所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的重要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力、自我控制的能力、才智、冷靜、舉手投足的流暢等，都令他的競(jìng)選對(duì)手相形見(jiàn)絀。這是他的制勝之道。

HBR：通常說(shuō)，領(lǐng)袖真正的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力不僅僅作用于人們的大腦，而且還作用于人們的內(nèi)心。

理查德-施騰格爾：曼德拉總是說(shuō)，作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，他必須同時(shí)影響人們的想法和情感。在曼德拉和奧巴馬之間有很多相似之處。奧巴馬的出眾之處曼德拉也有。但曼德拉的領(lǐng)袖風(fēng)采是經(jīng)過(guò)了漫長(zhǎng)的27年牢獄之災(zāi)歷練出來(lái)的。

事實(shí)上，他在監(jiān)獄中感悟良多，其中一點(diǎn)是：他意識(shí)到他在做一件前所未有的大事。他要通過(guò)影響人們的頭腦和情感，把非洲聯(lián)合起來(lái)，他要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)白人和黑人，讓非洲黑人和歐洲血統(tǒng)的非洲人融為一體。他必須理解歐洲血統(tǒng)的南非人。他在監(jiān)獄里就開(kāi)始試圖理解他們的想法，學(xué)習(xí)他們的文化和歷史，拉近與他們的距離。他還盡可能多地了解關(guān)于橄欖球的知識(shí)，因?yàn)檫@是白人非常喜愛(ài)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，就像電影《成事在人》（Invictus）所描述的那樣。對(duì)奧巴馬來(lái)說(shuō)，他需要去做的不僅僅是影響白人的頭腦，還要影響白人的內(nèi)心。當(dāng)曼德拉這么做的時(shí)候，他傳遞了調(diào)和的力量。他會(huì)說(shuō)，我寬恕你，回溯過(guò)去所發(fā)生的一切，是那個(gè)時(shí)代把我們分開(kāi)了，但把我們聯(lián)合起來(lái)的力量遠(yuǎn)比分散我們的力量更強(qiáng)大。

我想曼德拉在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力方面最大的貢獻(xiàn)之一，就是無(wú)數(shù)人都講道的那一點(diǎn)：從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到過(guò)曼德拉不滿、憤怒、發(fā)火的樣子。我可以說(shuō)他真的會(huì)怒發(fā)沖冠，但他知道他不可以表現(xiàn)出來(lái)，他不能發(fā)泄出來(lái)。他應(yīng)該有一種慷慨、寬恕、調(diào)和而不是激進(jìn)的行為方式。他內(nèi)心有著巨大的創(chuàng)傷，但他卻絕不能以創(chuàng)傷示人。這也對(duì)他的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力帶來(lái)了一定影響。他說(shuō)，我不能這么做，我還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)民族的彼此妥協(xié)、我還沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)非洲民族的和解，所以這一切的苦痛我都不能讓任何人看到。他不僅這樣說(shuō)了，而且也做到了。

HBR：這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力都非常有主見(jiàn)、嚴(yán)于律己，但我想他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力中是否有一部分是具有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力藝術(shù)性的，涉及到舞臺(tái)、詩(shī)文、歌劇等諸如此類的因素存在？領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力藝術(shù)性的成分和其他部分是迥然不同的。曼德拉領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力看起來(lái)很明白這一點(diǎn)。

理查德-施騰格爾：我實(shí)際上專門花了一章寫到這些，比如說(shuō)，曼德拉對(duì)于著裝的重視。注意服飾儀容的確有好處。某種意義上來(lái)講，服裝會(huì)幫助你融入自己的角色，讓你很容易成為你想成為的人。他非常注意每次出行究竟穿什么，因?yàn)樗Ｍ砣藗兯氲男蜗螅蔀槿藗兯谕蔀榈臉幼印?/p>

在20世紀(jì)50年代的南非，他是一個(gè)年輕的黑人律師。他總是非常認(rèn)真地穿上西服三件套。因?yàn)閯e忘了，他受教育的時(shí)候是被當(dāng)作下等人來(lái)對(duì)待的。他希望成為著裝所代表的一類領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力人，能夠得到人們的認(rèn)可。

曼德拉多次對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力的藝術(shù)性表現(xiàn)了出眾的天賦。我曾經(jīng)和他一同旅行。他總是坐在他那輛寶馬的后座上。直到人群都準(zhǔn)備好歡迎他了、電視臺(tái)等媒體都到位了，他才極為精準(zhǔn)地把握好這一時(shí)刻走出車門。我反倒是常常急著說(shuō)：“來(lái)吧，我們出去吧”。但他一直鎮(zhèn)靜地坐著，非常胸有成竹。他對(duì)戲劇表演、舞臺(tái)有一種真正的直覺(jué)。的確，藝術(shù)性的成分對(duì)領(lǐng)袖領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力真的非常重要，尤其是對(duì)政治領(lǐng)袖領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力而言。

HBR：對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力而言，確定性和靈活性，哪個(gè)更重要呢？

理查德-施騰格爾：我不得不說(shuō)是靈活性。曼德拉在這一點(diǎn)做得非常好。我為他寫自傳的時(shí)候，總是和他一起工作。我采訪他的時(shí)候，我也會(huì)像你今天這樣準(zhǔn)備一堆問(wèn)題。

第二篇：奧巴馬發(fā)表講話悼念曼德拉

奧巴馬發(fā)表講話悼念曼德拉

2013年12月5日，南非前總統(tǒng)曼德拉因病逝世，享年95歲。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)奧巴馬發(fā)表電視講話悼念曼德拉，稱曼德拉是正義、平等和尊嚴(yán)的象征，他屬于一個(gè)時(shí)代。

Statement by the President on the Death of Nelson Mandela

At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

納爾遜·曼德拉在1964年接受審判時(shí)在被告席上結(jié)束他的陳述時(shí)說(shuō)：“我曾為反對(duì)白人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)，也曾為反對(duì)黑人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)。我一直珍藏著一個(gè)民主、自由的社會(huì)理想，讓所有人都生活在一個(gè)和諧共處、機(jī)會(huì)均等的社會(huì)中。我希望為這個(gè)理想而生并將其付諸實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是，如果需要，我也愿為這樣一個(gè)理想獻(xiàn)出生命。”

trial n.試驗(yàn)；審訊；努力；磨煉adj.試驗(yàn)的；審訊的 nelson Mandela 納爾遜·曼德拉（前南非總統(tǒng)）

dock n.碼頭；船塢；被告席；尾巴的骨肉部分vt.使靠碼頭；剪短vi.入船塢

domination n.控制；支配

cherish vt.珍愛(ài)vt.懷有（感情等）；抱有（希望等）idealn.理想；典范 adj.理想的；完美的；想象的；不切實(shí)際的 democratic adj.民主的；民主政治的；大眾的 harmony n.協(xié)調(diào)；和睦；融洽；調(diào)和

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.納爾遜·曼德拉為這個(gè)理想而生，并將其變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。他的成就超出了我們能夠寄望于任何一個(gè)人去取得的。今天，他安息了。而我們失去了一位我們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)人能在這個(gè)地球上與之共渡時(shí)光的人中，最有影響力、最有勇氣、最無(wú)比善良的一位。他不再屬于我們——他屬于一個(gè)時(shí)代。

influential adj.有影響的；有勢(shì)力的n.有影響力的人物 courageous adj.有膽量的，勇敢的 profoundly adv.深刻地；深深地；極度地

Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

曼德拉以其強(qiáng)烈的尊嚴(yán)和為了他人的自由不惜犧牲自己的自由的不折的意志，改變了南非的面貌，并感動(dòng)了我們所有人。他從一名囚徒變成一位總統(tǒng)的歷程體現(xiàn)了全人類——以及各個(gè)國(guó)家——都能變得更美好的希望。他移交權(quán)力并同那些關(guān)押他的人和解的承諾，樹立了一個(gè)全人類都應(yīng)當(dāng)追求的典范，不論是在國(guó)家生活中，還是在我們的個(gè)人生活中。而他在做到這一切時(shí)還能保持風(fēng)度和幽默，以及承認(rèn)自己的不足的能力，這使他更加卓爾不群。他曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我不是一個(gè)圣人，除非你們認(rèn)為圣人是一個(gè)不斷努力的罪人。”

unbending adj.堅(jiān)定的；不易彎曲的；冷漠的n.隨意；舒暢v.將?弄直；松弛；伸直（unbend的ing形式）journey n.旅行；行程vi.旅行

embodied v.呈現(xiàn)（embody的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞形式）；具體表達(dá) commitment n.承諾，保證；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；獻(xiàn)身

transfer n.轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)移；傳遞；過(guò)戶vt.使轉(zhuǎn)移；調(diào)任vi.轉(zhuǎn)讓；轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)；換車

reconcile vt.使一致；使和解；調(diào)停，調(diào)解；使順從 aspire vi.渴望；立志；追求

remarkable adj.卓越的；非凡的；值得注意

saint n.圣人；圣徒；道德崇高的人adj.神圣的vt.成為圣徒 sinner n.罪人；有錯(cuò)者

I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.在被納爾遜·曼德拉的經(jīng)歷所激勵(lì)的億萬(wàn)人中，我是其中一員。我的第一次政治行動(dòng)——我所做的與一項(xiàng)議題或政策或政治有關(guān)的第一件事——就是抗議種族歧視。我認(rèn)真研讀了他的話和他的著作。他走出監(jiān)獄的那一天，我認(rèn)識(shí)到人類能夠在自己的希望——而不是恐懼——引領(lǐng)下所能成就的事業(yè)。正如全球各地許許多多的人一 樣，我無(wú)法充分想象沒(méi)有納爾遜·曼德拉的榜樣我的生活會(huì)是怎樣。在我的有生之年，我將盡最大努力向他學(xué)習(xí)。countless adj.無(wú)數(shù)的；數(shù)不盡的

drew v.牽引（draw的過(guò)去式）；描繪；起草 political adj.政治的；黨派的

politics n.政治，政治學(xué)；政治活動(dòng)；政綱 apartheid n.種族隔離

guided adj.有指導(dǎo)的；有向?qū)У?To Graca Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.米歇爾和我謹(jǐn)向格拉薩·馬歇爾和曼德拉的家人致以最深沉的慰唁，并感謝他們與我們分享這位不平凡的人。他的畢生努力意味著長(zhǎng)年累月遠(yuǎn)離最愛(ài)他的人們。我真切地希望與他共同度過(guò)的最后這幾個(gè)星期為他的家人帶來(lái)了平靜與安慰。

To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, andreconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.對(duì)南非人民，我們要說(shuō)，你們通過(guò)重生、和解與堅(jiān)毅樹立的榜樣給了我們力量。一個(gè)自由、和平的南非——這是世界的榜樣，這是“馬迪巴”(曼德拉的家族名)為他所熱愛(ài)的國(guó)家留下的遺產(chǎn)。graca Machel gratitude n.感謝（的心情）；感激

extraordinary adj.非凡的；特別的；離奇的；臨時(shí)的；特派的 meant v.意味；打算（mean的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞）；表示?的意思 draw n.平局；抽簽vi.拉；拖vt.畫；拉；吸引 renewal n.更新，恢復(fù)；復(fù)興；補(bǔ)充；革新；續(xù)借；重申 andreconciliation

resilience n.恢復(fù)力；彈力；順應(yīng)力 legacy n.遺贈(zèng)，遺產(chǎn)

We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.我們可能難以再見(jiàn)到像納爾遜·曼德拉這樣的偉人。因此，我們的責(zé)任是盡我們所能把他樹立的榜樣傳承下去：基于愛(ài)——而不是恨——來(lái)作決定;永遠(yuǎn)不要低估一個(gè)人所能帶來(lái)的變化;努力建設(shè)一個(gè)無(wú)愧于他的犧牲的未來(lái)。

For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.現(xiàn)在，讓我們停下來(lái)，為納爾遜·曼德拉曾經(jīng)活著而表達(dá)我們的感激之情——他用雙手握住歷史，把道德宇宙的長(zhǎng)虹折向正義。愿上帝保佑他的記憶，使他安息。strive vi.努力；奮斗；抗?fàn)?/p>

arc n.弧（度）；弧光（全稱electric arc）；弧形物；天穹adj.圓弧的；反三角函數(shù)的vt.形成電弧；走弧線

moral n.道德；寓意adj.道德的；精神上的；品性端正

第三篇：奧巴馬就曼德拉辭世發(fā)表聲明

THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary December 5, 2013 STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT ON THE DEATH OF NELSON MANDELA

James S.Brady Press Briefing Room 5:25 P.M.EST THE PRESIDENT: At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.” I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.To Gra?a Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, and reconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.

第四篇：奧巴馬悼念曼德拉逝世中英文演講稿

奧巴馬悼念曼德拉逝世中英文演講稿：

At his trial in 1964, Nelson Mandela closed his statement from the dock saying, “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination.I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

納爾遜·曼德拉在1964年接受審判時(shí)在被告席上結(jié)束他的陳述時(shí)說(shuō)：“我曾為反對(duì)白人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)，也曾為反對(duì)黑人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)。我一直珍藏著一個(gè)民主、自由的社會(huì)理想，讓所有人都生活在一個(gè)和諧共處、機(jī)會(huì)均等的社會(huì)中。我希望為這個(gè)理想而生并將其付諸實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是，如果需要，我也愿為這樣一個(gè)理想獻(xiàn)出生命。”

And Nelson Mandela lived for that ideal, and he made it real.He achieved more than could be expected of any man.Today, he has gone home.And we have lost one of the most influential, courageous, and profoundly good human beings that any of us will share time with on this Earth.He no longer belongs to us--he belongs to the ages.納爾遜·曼德拉為這個(gè)理想而生，并將其變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。他的成就超出了我們能夠寄望于任何一個(gè)人去取得的。今天，他安息了。而我們失去了一位我們?nèi)魏我粋€(gè)人能在這個(gè)地球上與之共渡時(shí)光的人中，最有影響力、最有勇氣、最無(wú)比善良的一位。他不再屬于我們——他屬于一個(gè)時(shí)代。

Through his fierce dignity and unbending will to sacrifice his own freedom for the freedom of others, Madiba transformed South Africa--and moved all of us.His journey from a prisoner to a President embodied the promise that human beings--and countries--can change for the better.His commitment to transfer power and reconcile with those who jailed him set an example that all humanity should aspire to, whether in the lives of nations or our own personal lives.And the fact that he did it all with grace and good humor, and an ability to acknowledge his own imperfections, only makes the man that much more remarkable.As he once said, “I am not a saint, unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

曼德拉以其強(qiáng)烈的尊嚴(yán)和為了他人的自由不惜犧牲自己的自由的不折的意志，改變了南非的面貌，并感動(dòng)了我們所有人。他從一名囚徒變成一位總統(tǒng)的歷程體現(xiàn)了全人類——以及各個(gè)國(guó)家——都能變得更美好的希望。他移交權(quán)力并同那些關(guān)押他的人和解的承諾，樹立了一個(gè)全人類都應(yīng)當(dāng)追求的典范，不論是在國(guó)家生活中，還是在我們的個(gè)人生活中。而他在做到這一切時(shí)還能保持風(fēng)度和幽默，以及承認(rèn)自己的不足的能力，這使他更加卓爾不群。他曾說(shuō)過(guò)：“我不是一個(gè)圣人，除非你們認(rèn)為圣人是一個(gè)不斷努力的罪人。”

I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela's life.My very first political action, the first thing I ever did that involved an issue or a policy or politics, was a protest against apartheid.I studied his words and his writings.The day that he was released from prison gave me a sense of what human beings can do when they’re guided by their hopes and not by their fears.And like so many around the globe, I cannot fully imagine my own life without the example that Nelson Mandela set, and so long as I live I will do what I can to learn from him.在被納爾遜·曼德拉的經(jīng)歷所激勵(lì)的億萬(wàn)人中，我是其中一員。我的第一次政治行動(dòng)——我所做的與一項(xiàng)議題或政策或政治有關(guān)的第一件事——就是抗議種族歧視。我認(rèn)真研讀了他的話和他的著作。他走出監(jiān)獄的那一天，我認(rèn)識(shí)到人類能夠在自己的希望——而不是恐懼——引領(lǐng)下所能成就的事業(yè)。正如全球各地許許多多的人一 樣，我無(wú)法充分想象沒(méi)有納爾遜·曼德拉的榜樣我的生活會(huì)是怎樣。在我的有生之年，我將盡最大努力向他學(xué)習(xí)。

To Gra?a Machel and his family, Michelle and I extend our deepest sympathy and gratitude for sharing this extraordinary man with us.His life’s work meant long days away from those who loved him the most.And I only hope that the time spent with him these last few weeks brought peace and comfort to his family.米歇爾和我謹(jǐn)向格拉薩·馬歇爾和曼德拉的家人致以最深沉的慰唁，并感謝他們與我們分享這位不平凡的人。他的畢生努力意味著長(zhǎng)年累月遠(yuǎn)離最愛(ài)他的人們。我真切地希望與他共同度過(guò)的最后這幾個(gè)星期為他的家人帶來(lái)了平靜與安慰。

To the people of South Africa, we draw strength from the example of renewal, andreconciliation, and resilience that you made real.A free South Africa at peace with itself--that’s an example to the world, and that’s Madiba’s legacy to the nation he loved.對(duì)南非人民，我們要說(shuō)，你們通過(guò)重生、和解與堅(jiān)毅樹立的榜樣給了我們力量。一個(gè)自由、和平的南非——這是世界的榜樣，這是“馬迪巴”(曼德拉的家族名)為他所熱愛(ài)的國(guó)家留下的遺產(chǎn)。

We will not likely see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.So it falls to us as best we can to forward the example that he set: to make decisions guided not by hate, but by love;to never discount the difference that one person can make;to strive for a future that is worthy of his sacrifice.我們可能難以再見(jiàn)到像納爾遜·曼德拉這樣的偉人。因此，我們的責(zé)任是盡我們所能把他樹立的榜樣傳承下去：基于愛(ài)——而不是恨——來(lái)作決定;永遠(yuǎn)不要低估一個(gè)人所能帶來(lái)的變化;努力建設(shè)一個(gè)無(wú)愧于他的犧牲的未來(lái)。

For now, let us pause and give thanks for the fact that Nelson Mandela lived--a man who took history in his hands, and bent the arc of the moral universe toward justice.May God Bless his memory and keep him in peace.現(xiàn)在，讓我們停下來(lái)，為納爾遜·曼德拉曾經(jīng)活著而表達(dá)我們的感激之情——他用雙手握住歷史，把道德宇宙的長(zhǎng)虹折向正義。愿上帝保佑他的記憶，使他安息。

Remarks by President Obama at Memorial Service for Former South African President Nelson Mandela

奧巴馬總統(tǒng)在悼念南非前總統(tǒng)納爾遜?曼德拉的儀式上的講話

First National Bank Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa

第一國(guó)家銀行體育場(chǎng)，南非，約翰內(nèi)斯堡

December 10, 2013

2013年12月10日

Thank you.(Applause.)Thank you so much.Thank you.To Gra?a Machel and the Mandela family;to President Zuma and members of the government;to heads of states and government, past and present;distinguished guests--it is a singular honor to be with you today, to celebrate a life like no other.To the people of South Africa--(applause)--people of every race and walk of life--the world thanks you for sharing Nelson Mandela with us.His struggle was your struggle.His triumph was your triumph.Your dignity and your hope found expression in his life.And your freedom, your democracy is his cherished legacy.謝謝諸位。(掌聲)多謝諸位。謝謝你們。格拉薩·馬謝爾及曼德拉的家人;祖馬(Zuma)總統(tǒng)和政府成員;各國(guó)歷任和現(xiàn)任國(guó)家元首和政府首腦;尊敬的來(lái)賓們—今天與你們?cè)谝黄穑濏炦@獨(dú)異于人的一生，是一種至高無(wú)上的榮耀。南非人民——(掌聲)——各族裔和各行各業(yè)的人民——全世界感謝你們與我們共同受惠于納爾遜?曼德拉。他進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)就是你們的斗爭(zhēng)。他的勝利就是你們的勝利。你們的尊嚴(yán)和你們的希望在他的一生中得到體現(xiàn)。你們的自由、你們的民主，是他寶貴的遺產(chǎn)。

It is hard to eulogize any man--to capture in words not just the facts and the dates that make a life, but the essential truth of a person--their private joys and sorrows;the quiet moments and unique qualities that illuminate someone’s soul.How much harder to do so for a giant of history, who moved a nation toward justice, and in the process moved billions around the world.概括任何人的生死榮辱都很難做到言至意達(dá)，——借助于言詞，不僅羅列一生的事實(shí)和日期，而且需要揭示一個(gè)人的內(nèi)心深處——他們個(gè)人的歡樂(lè)和悲傷;靜默的時(shí)刻和照亮某些人靈魂的獨(dú)特品質(zhì)。對(duì)于名垂史冊(cè)的一位偉人，曾率領(lǐng)一個(gè)國(guó)家追求正義，并且在這個(gè)過(guò)程中感動(dòng)了全世界億萬(wàn)民眾，歷數(shù)這一生的尊榮尤為不易。

Born during World War I, far from the corridors of power, a boy raised herding cattle and tutored by the elders of his Thembu tribe, Madiba would emerge as the last great liberator of the 20th century.Like Gandhi, he would lead a resistance movement--a movement that at its start had little prospect for success.Like Dr.King, he would give potent voice to the claims of the oppressed and the moral necessity of racial justice.He would endure a brutal imprisonment that began in the time of Kennedy and Khrushchev, and reached the final days of the Cold War.Emerging from prison, without the force of arms, he would--like Abraham Lincoln--hold his country together when it threatened to break apart.And like America’s Founding Fathers, he would erect a constitutional order to preserve freedom for future generations--a commitment to democracy and rule of law ratified not only by his election, but by his willingness to step down from power after only one term.“馬迪巴”出生在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，遠(yuǎn)離權(quán)豪勢(shì)要，兒時(shí)靠放牛維生，接受騰布部落長(zhǎng)者的教誨，日后成為20世紀(jì)最后一位偉大的解放者。他與甘地一樣，后來(lái)成為抵抗運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人—最初很少有成功希望的一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。他與金博士一樣，使被壓迫者的訴求得到強(qiáng)有力的聲張，為種族正義的道義使命發(fā)出了強(qiáng)大的聲音。他經(jīng)歷了殘酷的監(jiān)禁，在肯尼迪和赫魯曉夫時(shí)期開(kāi)始身陷囹圄，直到冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之時(shí)。出獄后，他在沒(méi)有軍隊(duì)的情況下——與亞伯拉罕?林肯一樣，在國(guó)家即將分裂之際維護(hù)了國(guó)家的完整。他與美國(guó)的開(kāi)國(guó)元?jiǎng)滓粯樱瑸榱吮３纸窈笫朗来淖杂山⒘藨椃ㄖ刃颉獔?jiān)持民主和法治，不僅因?yàn)樗漠?dāng)選，而且也因?yàn)樗敢庠谕瓿梢粋€(gè)任期后放棄權(quán)力。

Given the sweep of his life, the scope of his accomplishments, the adoration that he so rightly earned, it’s tempting I think to remember Nelson Mandela as an icon, smiling and serene, detached from the tawdry affairs of lesser men.But Madiba himself strongly resisted such a lifeless portrait.(Applause.)Instead, Madiba insisted on sharing with us his doubts and his fears;his miscalculations along with his victories.“I am not a saint,” he said, “unless you think of a saint as a sinner who keeps on trying.”

縱觀他的一生，回顧他取得的一切成就、他當(dāng)之無(wú)愧獲得的敬仰，我認(rèn)為可以說(shuō)納爾遜?曼德拉是一位彪炳青史的人物，人們應(yīng)該緬懷千載。他笑容可掬，面目安詳，具有常人不具備的超塵拔俗的氣質(zhì)。然而，“馬迪巴”本人強(qiáng)烈抵制這種刻板的形象。(掌聲)相反，“馬迪巴”堅(jiān)持要我們知道他的疑惑和恐懼，了解他在走向勝利的道路上做出了哪些錯(cuò)誤的估計(jì)。“我不是圣人，”他如是說(shuō)，“除非你們認(rèn)為圣人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，也需要不斷嘗試。”

It was precisely because he could admit to imperfection--because he could be so full of good humor, even mischief, despite the heavy burdens he carried--that we loved him so.He was not a bust made of marble;he was a man of flesh and blood--a son and a husband, a father and a friend.And that’s why we learned so much from him, and that’s why we can learn from him still.For nothing he achieved was inevitable.In the arc of his life, we see a man who earned his place in history through struggle and shrewdness, and persistence and faith.He tells us what is possible not just in the pages of history books, but in our own lives as well.正是因?yàn)樗姓J(rèn)不完美——因?yàn)樗麨槿巳绱撕吞@可親，甚至還有些詼諧，盡管他經(jīng)歷了諸多的重負(fù)--我們才如此喜歡他。他不是大理石制作的雕像;他是有血有肉的人——兒子和丈夫，父親和朋友。正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀儚乃砩蠈W(xué)到了很多東西。正因?yàn)槿绱耍覀兪冀K可以向他學(xué)習(xí)。他取得的成就沒(méi)有一樣是必然的結(jié)果。我們從他的一生中看到，他奮勇斗爭(zhēng)，殫智竭慮，堅(jiān)韌不拔，堅(jiān)持信念，在歷史上贏得了自己的地位。他告誡我們什么是可能做到的，不僅可以載入史冊(cè)，而且在我們自己的生活中得到體現(xiàn)。

Mandela showed us the power of action;of taking risks on behalf of our ideals.Perhaps Madiba was right that he inherited, “a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness” from his father.And we know he shared with millions of black and colored South Africans the anger born of, “a thousand slights, a thousand indignities, a thousand unremembered moments?a desire to fight the system that imprisoned my people,” he said.曼德拉向我們展示了行動(dòng)的力量;為了我們的理想甘冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的力量。“馬迪巴”也許是對(duì)的，他從他父親那里繼承了“一種驕傲不羈的叛逆精神，一種頑強(qiáng)執(zhí)著的公平信念”。我們還知道，他同千百萬(wàn)南非黑人和有色人種共同懷有一種憤怒，他曾說(shuō)，這種憤怒產(chǎn)生于“一千次輕蔑、一千次屈辱、一千個(gè)已被遺忘的時(shí)刻??一種與禁錮我的人民的制度抗?fàn)幍目释薄?/p>

But like other early giants of the ANC--the Sisulus and Tambos--Madiba disciplined his anger and channeled his desire to fight into organization, and platforms, and strategies for action, so men and women could stand up for their God-given dignity.Moreover, he accepted the consequences of his actions, knowing that standing up to powerful interests and injustice carries a price.“I have fought against white domination and I have fought against black domination.I’ve cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and [with] equal opportunities.It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve.But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”(Applause.)同非洲人國(guó)民大會(huì)的其他早期偉人一樣——如希蘇拉斯和塔姆伯斯——“馬迪巴”以自律來(lái)約束自己的憤怒，將自己的渴望融入為采取行動(dòng)而確立組織、平臺(tái)和戰(zhàn)略的斗爭(zhēng)中，以使男女民眾能夠奮起捍衛(wèi)他們的天賜尊嚴(yán)。此外，他還接受了他所采取的行動(dòng)帶來(lái)的后果，知道與權(quán)勢(shì)和不公抗?fàn)幨且冻龃鷥r(jià)的。“我曾為反對(duì)白人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)，也曾為反對(duì)黑人統(tǒng)治而斗爭(zhēng)。我一直珍藏著一個(gè)民主、自由的社會(huì)的理想，讓所有人都生活在一個(gè)和諧共處、機(jī)會(huì)均等的社會(huì)中。我希望為這個(gè)理想而生并將其付諸實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是，如果需要，我也愿為這樣一個(gè)理想獻(xiàn)出生命。”(掌聲)

Mandela taught us the power of action, but he also taught us the power of ideas;the importance of reason and arguments;the need to study not only those who you agree with, but also those who you don’t agree with.He understood that ideas cannot be contained by prison walls, or extinguished by a sniper’s bullet.He turned his trial into an indictment of apartheid because of his eloquence and his passion, but also because of his training as an advocate.He used decades in prison to sharpen his arguments, but also to spread his thirst for knowledge to others in the movement.And he learned the language and the customs of his oppressor so that one day he might better convey to them how their own freedom depend upon his.(Applause.)曼德拉讓我們懂得了行動(dòng)的力量；他也讓我們懂得了理念的力量，理性和辯論的重要性，以及不僅應(yīng)當(dāng)研究你所贊同的、也應(yīng)當(dāng)研究你并不贊同的。他深知，理念不會(huì)被監(jiān)獄的高墻阻擋，也不會(huì)被冷槍手的子彈扼殺。由于他滔滔雄辯、激情澎湃，也由于他身為一名倡導(dǎo)者的經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富，他將對(duì)他的審判變成了對(duì)種族隔離的控訴。他利用幾十年的獄中時(shí)光來(lái)使自己的論點(diǎn)更加尖銳，但也用自己對(duì)知識(shí)的渴求來(lái)感染這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的其他人士。他還學(xué)會(huì)了壓迫他的那些人的語(yǔ)言和習(xí)俗，以便有一天能更好地向他們說(shuō)明他們自身的自由如何取決于他的自由。（掌聲）

Mandela demonstrated that action and ideas are not enough.No matter how right, they must be chiseled into law and institutions.He was practical, testing his beliefs against the hard surface of circumstance and history.On core principles he was unyielding, which is why he could rebuff offers of unconditional release, reminding the Apartheid regime that “prisoners cannot enter into contracts.曼德拉表明了只有行動(dòng)和理念還不夠。它們不論多么正確，都必須被銘刻在法律和機(jī)制之中。他是務(wù)實(shí)的，讓自己的信念接受現(xiàn)實(shí)和歷史的嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。他在核心原則上堅(jiān)定不移，正是因?yàn)檫@樣，他能夠斷然拒絕無(wú)條件釋放的伎倆，提醒種族隔離政權(quán)別忘了“囚犯無(wú)權(quán)簽署合同”。

But as he showed in painstaking negotiations to transfer power and draft new laws, he was not afraid to compromise for the sake of a larger goal.And because he was not only a leader of a movement but a skillful politician, the Constitution that emerged was worthy of this multiracial democracy, true to his vision of laws that protect minority as well as majority rights, and the precious freedoms of every South African.然而，正如他在殫精竭慮地進(jìn)行談判以移交權(quán)力并起草新法律的過(guò)程中所展示的，為了一個(gè)更宏大的目標(biāo)他不懼怕妥協(xié)。由于他不僅是一場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，而且是一位嫻熟的政治家，最終產(chǎn)生的憲法無(wú)愧于這個(gè)多種族的民主制度，忠實(shí)于他對(duì)既保護(hù)少數(shù)人權(quán)利也保護(hù)多數(shù)人權(quán)利的法律的構(gòu)想以及每個(gè)南非人的寶貴自由。

And finally, Mandela understood the ties that bind the human spirit.There is a word in South Africa--Ubuntu--(applause)--a word that captures Mandela’s greatest gift: his recognition that we are all bound together in ways that are invisible to the eye;that there is a oneness to humanity;that we achieve ourselves by sharing ourselves with others, and caring for those around us.最后，曼德拉理解聚合人類精神的紐帶。南非有一個(gè)詞——烏班圖（Ubuntu）——（掌聲）——這個(gè)詞抓住了曼德拉最了不起的才能：他認(rèn)識(shí)到我們所有人都以肉眼看不到的方式息息相連，人類有一種同一性，我們通過(guò)與他人分享自己及關(guān)愛(ài)我們身邊的人來(lái)成就自己。

We can never know how much of this sense was innate in him, or how much was shaped in a dark and solitary cell.But we remember the gestures, large and small--introducing his jailers as honored guests at his inauguration;taking a pitch in a Springbok uniform;turning his family’s heartbreak into a call to confront HIV/AIDS--that revealed the depth of his empathy and his understanding.He not only embodied Ubuntu, he taught millions to find that truth within themselves.我們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道他的這種認(rèn)知有多少是與生俱來(lái)的，有多少是在一間黑暗的單人牢房中形成的。但我們記得大大小小的種種表現(xiàn)——他在就職典禮上將他的看守尊為貴賓；他穿上斯普林博克隊(duì)的球衣投球；他將痛失親人的悲傷化作防治艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的呼吁——這顯示了他深切的同情心以及他深刻的認(rèn)知。他不僅體現(xiàn)了“烏班圖”，而且教導(dǎo)千百萬(wàn)人尋求他們內(nèi)心深處的那個(gè)真理。

It took a man like Madiba to free not just the prisoner, but the jailer as well--(applause)--to show that you must trust others so that they may trust you;to teach that reconciliation is not a matter of ignoring a cruel past, but a means of confronting it with inclusion and generosity and truth.He changed laws, but he also changed hearts.只有像“馬迪巴”這樣的偉人才能讓囚犯和看守同獲自由——（掌聲）——顯示出必須信任別人，別人才可能信任你；教導(dǎo)人們和解并不是無(wú)視一段殘酷的歷史，而是一種以包容各方、慷慨大度和恪守真理來(lái)面對(duì)這段歷史的方式。他不僅改變了法律，而且感化了人心。

For the people of South Africa, for those he inspired around the globe, Madiba’s passing is rightly a time of mourning, and a time to celebrate a heroic life.But I believe it should also prompt in each of us a time for self-reflection.With honesty, regardless of our station or our circumstance, we must ask: How well have I applied his lessons in my own life? It’s a question I ask myself, as a man and as a President.對(duì)于南非人民，對(duì)于他所激勵(lì)的全球各地的人們，“馬迪巴”的辭世的確是一個(gè)悼念的時(shí)刻，也是一個(gè)頌揚(yáng)他的英雄生平的時(shí)刻。而我相信，它還應(yīng)當(dāng)是一個(gè)促使我們每個(gè)人自省的時(shí)刻。不論我們的地位或處境如何，我們都必須捫心自問(wèn)：我在自己的生活中是如何踐行他的教誨的？這正是我身為一個(gè)普通人和一位總統(tǒng)，向自己提出的問(wèn)題。

We know that, like South Africa, the United States had to overcome centuries of racial subjugation.As was true here, it took sacrifice--the sacrifice of countless people, known and unknown, to see the dawn of a new day.Michelle and I are beneficiaries of that struggle.(Applause.)But in America, and in South Africa, and in countries all around the globe, we cannot allow our progress to cloud the fact that our work is not yet done.我們知道，正如南非一樣，美國(guó)也是經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)百年才消除了種族壓迫。也正如這里一樣，它是以犧牲為代價(jià)——在新的一天曙光來(lái)臨之前，無(wú)數(shù)知名和不知名的人做出了犧牲。米歇爾和我是這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)的受益者。（掌聲）但是在美國(guó)、在南非、在世界上所有的國(guó)家，我們都不能因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)取得的進(jìn)步而無(wú)視我們的事業(yè)尚未完成這一事實(shí)。

The struggles that follow the victory of formal equality or universal franchise may not be as filled with drama and moral clarity as those that came before, but they are no less important.For around the world today, we still see children suffering from hunger and disease.We still see run-down schools.We still see young people without prospects for the future.Around the world today, men and women are still imprisoned for their political beliefs, and are still persecuted for what they look like, and how they worship, and who they love.That is happening today.(Applause.)在追求正式平等或普選權(quán)利方面取得勝利之后，這場(chǎng)斗爭(zhēng)可能不像過(guò)去那樣驚心動(dòng)魄，其道義也不像過(guò)去那樣涇渭分明，但其重要性并沒(méi)有絲毫減弱。因?yàn)椋裉煸谑澜缟显S多地方，我們?nèi)匀豢吹胶⒆觽冊(cè)馐莛囸I和病痛，我們?nèi)匀豢吹狡婆f的學(xué)校，我們?nèi)匀豢吹侥贻p人沒(méi)有光明的未來(lái)。今天，在世界上許多地方，人們?nèi)匀挥捎谄湔涡拍疃煌度氡O(jiān)獄，仍然由于他們的外貌、他們的宗教信仰和他們的性愛(ài)選擇而受到迫害。這種情況在今天仍然繼續(xù)發(fā)生。（掌聲）

And so we, too, must act on behalf of justice.We, too, must act on behalf of peace.There are too many people who happily embrace Madiba’s legacy of racial reconciliation, but passionately resist even modest reforms that would challenge chronic poverty and growing inequality.There are too many leaders who claim solidarity with Madiba’s struggle for freedom, but do not tolerate dissent from their own people.(Applause.)And there are too many of us on the sidelines, comfortable in complacency or cynicism when our voices must be heard.因此，我們也必須秉持正義。我們也必須維護(hù)和平。有太多的人欣然接受“馬迪巴”的種族和解遺產(chǎn)，卻熱衷于抵制最溫和的旨在減少長(zhǎng)期貧困和日益增大的貧富差距的改革措施。有太多的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人聲稱支持“馬迪巴”爭(zhēng)取自由的斗爭(zhēng)，卻容不得本國(guó)人民有不同意見(jiàn)。（掌聲）當(dāng)我們必須發(fā)出聲音的時(shí)候，我們中間有太多人袖手旁觀、自滿自得或無(wú)動(dòng)于衷。

The questions we face today--how to promote equality and justice;how to uphold freedom and human rights;how to end conflict and sectarian war--these things do not have easy answers.But there were no easy answers in front of that child born in World War I.Nelson Mandela reminds us that it always seems impossible until it is done.South Africa shows that is true.South Africa shows we can change, that we can choose a world defined not by our differences, but by our common hopes.We can choose a world defined not by conflict, but by peace and justice and opportunity.我們今天面臨的問(wèn)題——如何促進(jìn)平等和正義、如何支持自由和人權(quán)、如何制止沖突和派系戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)——并沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。但是，對(duì)于那個(gè)出生于一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間的孩子而言也沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的答案。納爾遜·曼德拉提醒我們，一項(xiàng)事業(yè)在成功之前往往看起來(lái)希望渺茫。南非證實(shí)了這一點(diǎn)。南非表明，我們能夠推動(dòng)變革，我們能夠選擇一個(gè)由我們的共同希望而不是相互差異所主導(dǎo)的世界。我們能夠選擇一個(gè)由和平、正義和機(jī)會(huì)而不是沖突所主導(dǎo)的世界。

We will never see the likes of Nelson Mandela again.But let me say to the young people of Africa and the young people around the world--you, too, can make his life’s work your own.Over 30 years ago, while still a student, I learned of Nelson Mandela and the struggles taking place in this beautiful land, and it stirred something in me.It woke me up to my responsibilities to others and to myself, and it set me on an improbable journey that finds me here today.And while I will always fall short of Madiba’s example, he makes me want to be a better man.(Applause.)He speaks to what’s best inside us.我們不會(huì)再看到納爾遜·曼德拉這樣的偉人。但是，我要對(duì)非洲的年輕人和全世界的年輕人說(shuō)：你們也能夠把他畢生的事業(yè)化作自己的事業(yè)。三十多年前，當(dāng)我還是一名學(xué)生的時(shí)候，我了解到納爾遜·曼德拉以及在這片美麗的土地上正在進(jìn)行的斗爭(zhēng)，它深深地觸動(dòng)了我。它喚醒了我對(duì)他人和自己的責(zé)任感，它使我踏上了一個(gè)看似毫無(wú)希望的旅程，而這個(gè)旅程在今天把我?guī)У竭@里。雖然我永遠(yuǎn)不可能與“馬迪巴”比肩，但他激勵(lì)著我不斷自新。（掌聲）他喚醒了我們內(nèi)心最美好的愿望。

After this great liberator is laid to rest, and when we have returned to our cities and villages and rejoined our daily routines, let us search for his strength.Let us search for his largeness of spirit somewhere inside of ourselves.And when the night grows dark, when injustice weighs heavy on our hearts, when our best-laid plans seem beyond our reach, let us think of Madiba and the words that brought him comfort within the four walls of his cell: “It matters not how strait the gate, how charged with punishments the scroll, I am the master of my fate: I am the captain of my soul.”

在這位偉大的解放者進(jìn)入長(zhǎng)眠之后，當(dāng)我們返回各自的城市與村莊和我們的日常工作之時(shí)，讓我們?nèi)グl(fā)現(xiàn)他的力量，讓我們從自己內(nèi)心深處去發(fā)現(xiàn)他博大寬厚的精神。當(dāng)夜幕降臨，當(dāng)非正義沉重地壓在我們的心頭，當(dāng)我們精心制定的計(jì)劃似乎永不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)，讓我們想起“馬迪巴”以及身陷囹圄時(shí)給他帶來(lái)安慰的詩(shī)句：“盡管大門又緊又窄，盡管難逃重重磨難，我主宰著自己的命運(yùn)：我是自己靈魂的船長(zhǎng)。”

What a magnificent soul it was.We will miss him deeply.May God bless the memory of Nelson Mandela.May God bless the people of South Africa.(Applause.)這是多么偉大的靈魂。我們將深深地懷念他。愿上帝保佑納爾遜?曼德拉的記憶。愿上帝保佑南非人民。（掌聲）

第五篇：奧巴馬在曼德拉追悼會(huì)上致辭

奧巴馬在曼德拉追悼會(huì)上致辭

謝謝各位！非常感謝大家！首先我想向曼德拉家族成員、祖馬總統(tǒng)、尊敬的各位各國(guó)的代表們、尊敬的各位嘉賓，我覺(jué)得我今天非常榮幸在此參加曼德拉的追悼會(huì)，來(lái)紀(jì)念這一個(gè)卓越非凡的人。

各位南非的人民們，來(lái)自各行各業(yè)的人，全世界感謝你們，讓你們的國(guó)度誕生了曼德拉這位偉人，他的一生是偉大的一生，是你們的尊容。而他為你們獲得了自由和民主，這是他留下的寶貴財(cái)富。我們現(xiàn)在難以用言語(yǔ)去表達(dá)我們對(duì)曼德拉的熱愛(ài)，很難用一些數(shù)據(jù)、事實(shí)去描繪一個(gè)人的一生。我們用很多不同的事讓我們心意相連。

在這個(gè)艱難的時(shí)刻，在歷史的重要時(shí)刻，我們要讓一個(gè)國(guó)家走向正義是需要突破艱難險(xiǎn)阻的。在一家之中出生，生于權(quán)利之家，他在部落里面成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)。曼德拉是20世紀(jì)最偉大的自由的斗士，而他引領(lǐng)了反非自由運(yùn)動(dòng)，而這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)也獲得了成功。就像馬丁·路德·金博士一樣，他代表那些被壓迫的人們發(fā)出了聲音，引領(lǐng)他們追求正義。而他忍受了監(jiān)獄的苦難，忍受了不幸和磨難，而直到冷戰(zhàn)終結(jié)。

在他從監(jiān)獄獲得自由之后，他把國(guó)家又重新團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，就像林肯總統(tǒng)那樣，他是國(guó)家的締造者，他為下一代人建立了自由的基礎(chǔ)。而他為國(guó)家塑造起來(lái)了民主和法治的基礎(chǔ)，而且在一任總統(tǒng)任期之后就自愿選擇從權(quán)利的高位下退出。在他的一生當(dāng)中他取得了輝煌的成就。

我們記得曼德拉是我們的偶像，是我們的領(lǐng)袖，他永遠(yuǎn)帶著微笑，但同時(shí)他又是堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的自強(qiáng)不息的斗士。但是曼德拉也與我們分享他的疑惑，還有在他的一些光輝成就當(dāng)中的疑慮。他說(shuō)，如果你覺(jué)得所謂的圣人就是雖然犯錯(cuò)但是永不放棄的人，而他也承認(rèn)他的不完美。他有著幽默感，即使他身負(fù)重?fù)?dān)但是仍然微笑著面對(duì)生活。他是有血有肉的真實(shí)的一個(gè)人，有著自己的情感，他既是一位導(dǎo)師，又是我們親密的朋友，這是我們?yōu)槭裁磸乃砩蠈W(xué)習(xí)到如此多的東西。

他的成就是卓越的，是無(wú)與倫比的，在他的一生當(dāng)中我們看到了他不屈不撓的斗爭(zhēng)，他的勇氣、信仰、耐心和堅(jiān)持，他向我們展示了人類的潛力，不僅是歷史上一些光輝的章節(jié)，而是我們看到的實(shí)實(shí)在在的成就，他也讓我們看到了行動(dòng)的力量。

看到了他為理想所付出的艱辛的努力，從曼德拉身上我們看到了，他從他的父親那里繼承了勇氣和不懈斗爭(zhēng)的精神。而為成千上萬(wàn)的人爭(zhēng)取尊嚴(yán)，即使他在監(jiān)獄當(dāng)中也心懷人民。就像我們歷史上的巨人一樣，他跨越了艱險(xiǎn)。

曼德拉控制了憤怒，而是拋出了仇恨，讓人們可以獲得和解，可以重尋人的尊嚴(yán)。即使他面臨著艱難，但是他幫助我們一同去尋求正義。他說(shuō)，我為了白人的統(tǒng)治和黑人的統(tǒng)治都征戰(zhàn)過(guò)、奮斗過(guò)、抗?fàn)庍^(guò)，我是希望所有的人能夠平等自由的生活著。正是在這樣的理想之下我們希望能夠把他的精神傳承下來(lái)，我會(huì)為我所熱愛(ài)的人們，為他們做好風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的準(zhǔn)備。

曼德拉向我們展示了行動(dòng)的成就，他告訴了我們思考和理性的重要性，他告訴我們不僅要去堅(jiān)持贊同的人，同時(shí)要去尊重他們即使反對(duì)人的意見(jiàn)。而且他把自己的經(jīng)歷作為磨煉，他把他的知識(shí)傳授下去，影響他人。他在奮斗的過(guò)程當(dāng)中不斷地學(xué)習(xí)，這樣才能夠向人們展示打破了種族隔離的自由是多么寶貴和重要。

曼德拉向我們展示出了想法，僅僅有想法是不夠的。不管想法有多么正確，同時(shí)也要受到法律和制度的運(yùn)輸。他非常實(shí)際，把自己的信仰在實(shí)踐當(dāng)中和歷史情況當(dāng)中加以實(shí)驗(yàn)。但是在核心價(jià)值觀方面是絕不動(dòng)搖的，所以說(shuō)他也提醒我們即便是身處牢獄當(dāng)中也可以有奮斗精神。

但是他在監(jiān)獄當(dāng)中仍然制訂法律，而且不為了個(gè)人的利益而犧牲大的原則。而且他也創(chuàng)造了南非的《憲法》，創(chuàng)造了反種族制度的民主，保護(hù)了少數(shù)人的利益及大多數(shù)的利益，以及每一個(gè)南非人的自由權(quán)利。

最終曼德拉代表了人類精神的紐帶，在南非有這樣一個(gè)詞，這個(gè)詞其實(shí)就描繪了曼德拉最偉大的天賦，他意識(shí)到人類永遠(yuǎn)有一條看不到的紐帶連接在一起，但是人性是統(tǒng)一的。我們?cè)趥鞒芯竦倪^(guò)程當(dāng)中能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自我，我們永遠(yuǎn)不知道這樣的力量有多強(qiáng)，是不是這樣的力量支撐他在幽暗的監(jiān)獄當(dāng)中堅(jiān)持奮斗。但是他卻在救人總統(tǒng)的時(shí)候向全世界人介紹他的監(jiān)獄看守，他把他家人離世的心痛轉(zhuǎn)化為愛(ài)滋病尋找救治方法的努力。

他不僅代表了偉大，還教會(huì)了這么多人如何在自在尋找真理。就是像曼德拉這樣的人能夠解放不僅是囚犯，同時(shí)能夠解放看守囚犯的人。而且教會(huì)其他人如何信任自己，而且他教給我們和解不是一條殘忍的道路，而是通過(guò)包容、寬大和真理來(lái)化解這些分歧，他改變了法律，也改變了人心。

對(duì)于南非的民眾來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)于那些全球范圍內(nèi)受過(guò)他激勵(lì)的人，曼德拉的離世絕對(duì)是無(wú)比悲痛的時(shí)刻，他們都在為他哀悼，慶祝英雄般的一生。但是我相信這也是我們每個(gè)人自省的一刻，我們必須要貪嗔地面對(duì)自己，無(wú)論外界條件如何都要問(wèn)自己我們有沒(méi)有在自己的生活當(dāng)中運(yùn)用到曼德拉的精神，運(yùn)用到他教給我們的品質(zhì)。

我自己也在思考，作為一個(gè)總統(tǒng)、作為一個(gè)人，我們知道像南非那樣，美國(guó)也有過(guò)種族制度的統(tǒng)治，我們也為此斗爭(zhēng)和奮斗長(zhǎng)達(dá)幾十年。正是那些知名和不知名的人奮斗才有今天，我的夫人和我正是這種成果的受益者。但是在美國(guó)，還有在南非，以及全球各國(guó)，我們不能夠允許我們的進(jìn)步遮蔽這樣的事實(shí)，就是我們的工作尚未完成，仍然任重而道遠(yuǎn)。

實(shí)現(xiàn)平等的路上仍然有很多工作要做，可能沒(méi)有過(guò)去來(lái)的那么排山倒海，但是仍然有很多的工作要做。我們現(xiàn)在仍然看到孩子們?nèi)甜嚢ゐI死于疾病，我們看到學(xué)校被炸毀，看到年輕人完全看不到未來(lái)的希望，在世界各國(guó)我們看到有許多人仍然因?yàn)樗麄兊恼涡叛龆氇z。

仍然因?yàn)樗麄兊淖诮绦叛觯驗(yàn)樗麄兊呐d趣，因?yàn)樗麄兯鶒?ài)的人而蒙受牢獄之災(zāi)，現(xiàn)在這種情況仍然在發(fā)生。所以我們也必須為了公正而戰(zhàn)，為公正而行動(dòng)，為和平而行動(dòng)。現(xiàn)在還有太多的人沒(méi)有能夠獲得曼德拉所取得的成就的問(wèn)責(zé)，他們?nèi)匀唤?jīng)受著種族歧視的煎熬，仍然生活在水深火熱貧困當(dāng)中。

曼德拉致力于自由，有很多領(lǐng)導(dǎo)說(shuō)是維護(hù)曼德拉的價(jià)值觀，但是卻不能夠?qū)捜莸膶?duì)待他們自己的民眾。而我們有很多人在邊線當(dāng)中生活，我們就坐在一旁，卻沒(méi)有發(fā)出自己的聲音。我們的聲音必須要聽(tīng)到我們當(dāng)前面臨的問(wèn)題，比如說(shuō)推動(dòng)和平和公正，如何推動(dòng)自由和人權(quán)，如何結(jié)束紛爭(zhēng)以及戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。這一些問(wèn)題不好解答，也不好解決，但是很多問(wèn)題都不好解答。比如說(shuō)在一戰(zhàn)當(dāng)中出生了曼德拉，也業(yè)面臨著那么多的難題，但是他卻會(huì)在解決問(wèn)題之前不斷地奮斗，直到一切解決為止。

南非展示給我們，我們可以變化，我們可以建造這樣一個(gè)世界，根基不是我們之間的差異，而是我們之間的共同點(diǎn)；不是紛爭(zhēng)，而是機(jī)會(huì)和和平。我們無(wú)法再見(jiàn)到曼德拉了，但是我想告訴南非的年輕人，以及世界各國(guó)的年輕人。你們也可以使他的人生變成你們自己的。

在三十年前我還是一個(gè)學(xué)生，我學(xué)習(xí)了曼德拉的事跡了，了解了他在南非國(guó)土上所做出的奮斗。當(dāng)時(shí)點(diǎn)燃了我身體當(dāng)中的某些信念，使我想到了我的責(zé)任對(duì)我自己和其他人的責(zé)任，使我踏上這樣一條旅程，一直到我今天所在的位置。我永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法成為像曼德拉那樣偉大的人，但是他讓我想成為更好的人。他能喚醒我們每個(gè)人心中最美好的部分。

他這個(gè)偉大的自由斗士已然安息，我們會(huì)回到各自的生活和工作崗位，重新開(kāi)始我們的日常生活。在這個(gè)過(guò)程當(dāng)中讓我們繼續(xù)找尋他的力量，找尋他偉大的精神，就在我們自己的心中，在我們自己的體內(nèi)找到他的這種精神。當(dāng)我們的心上仍然受到不公正的負(fù)擔(dān)，似乎美好的遠(yuǎn)景無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)，在這些時(shí)候讓我們想想曼德拉，還有他刻在監(jiān)獄墻壁上的字。不管懲罰多么嚴(yán)厲，我仍然會(huì)掌握我自己的命運(yùn)，我是我靈魂的船長(zhǎng)，多么偉大的靈魂啊。我們深切地思念他，愿上帝保佑曼德拉的靈魂，愿上帝保佑南非民眾！

曼德拉給予人們的啟示：曼德拉的偉大在于他的對(duì)南非這個(gè)國(guó)家的民族融合所做的偉大貢獻(xiàn)，在曼德拉擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)之前，南非的種族歧視是很嚴(yán)重的，曼德拉的偉大在于他不但解除了這種及其不人道的種族歧視，而且化解了民族矛盾：“要尊重別人（別的民族、人種）的生存權(quán)利！”