第一篇：溫家寶劍橋發表演講
新華網英國劍橋２月２日電 國務院總理溫家寶２日在英國劍橋大學具有５００年歷史的“瑞德講壇”發表了題為《用發展的眼光看中國》的演講。全文如下：
用發展的眼光看中國━━在劍橋大學的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶
尊敬的校長，老師們，同學們：
今天外邊下著大雪，天氣嚴寒，但是我的心是熱的。我早已盼望在劍橋同老師、同學們見面，互相交流。現在正是金融危機的嚴冬季節，但是我看到年輕人，仿佛看到了春天，看到了光明和未來。因為我堅信，知識的力量，年輕人的勇氣，是可以改變人的命運、國家的命運、整個世界的命運。一篇好的演講應該是不加修飾的。用心說話，講真話，這就是演講的實質。我希望我的演講能夠給老師、同學們思想以啟迪。你們能夠記住其中一兩句話，那我也就滿足了。
到高等學府，我的心里總是充滿敬意。這種心情是由于我對知識、對老師、對學校的尊敬。所以，我方才深深地給校長、給老師們鞠個躬，那不是禮節，而是一個學生對待校長和老師應盡的禮貌。
來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校８００周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！首先，我向劍橋大學贈送“中華數字書苑”，其中收錄了中國出版的２０萬種電子圖書，涉及中國政治、經濟、歷史、文化等各個領域，大家可以從中更多地了解中國。這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！
今天，我演講的題目是：
用發展的眼光看中國。
我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。
說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。
說她年輕，新中國成立才６０年，改革開放才３０年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。
中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。
改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
３０年來，中國貧困人口減少了２億多，人均壽命提高了５歲，８３００萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！
我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。
我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。
千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。
此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年５月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔１０天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我７次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。
經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，僅為英國的十八分之一。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。
我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。
中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。
“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。
１５世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。
國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。
不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有３億人在學英語，有１００多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。進入２１世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。
老師們，同學們：
我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是３０年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。
在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。
我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。
這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。
金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：
一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達４萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于２００７年中國ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。
二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。
三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等１６個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。
四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。
這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。
中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、公平、可持續。
國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀９０年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。
有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。老師們，同學們：
英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。
未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。
謝謝大家！
第二篇：溫家寶劍橋中英文演講稿
用發展的眼光看中國
See China in the Light of Her Development
━━在劍橋大學的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶 2009年2月2日
Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2 February 2009
尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen,來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步做出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！
It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！
This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。
The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深愛著的祖國--古老而又年輕。
My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。
She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.說她年輕，新中國成立才60年，改革開放才30年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路--中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。
The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年來，中國貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。
Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！
I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深愛著的祖國--歷經磨難而又自強不息。
My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。
Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。
Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年5月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔10 天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我7次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before
my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，僅為英國的1/16左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。
With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。
To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深愛著的祖國--珍視傳統而又開放兼容。
My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典--《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。
The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。
The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。
In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate
with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有3億人在學英語，有100多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。
Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.進入21世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。
In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士們，先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。
I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。
This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。
I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos,necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。
Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：
The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。
Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。
Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices,development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。
Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。
This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。
For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀90年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。
The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。
To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士們，先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。
Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。
The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.
第三篇：溫家寶總理在新加坡國立大學發表演講
溫家寶總理在新加坡國立大學發表演講 只有開放兼容，國家才能富強 ——在新加坡國立大學的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶
（2007年11月19日）
尊敬的李光耀資政，尊敬的施春風校長，同學們、老師們，女士們，先生們，朋友們：
今天，我有機會到新加坡國立大學同各界知名人士和師生代表見面，感到十分高興。首先，我向在座各位并通過你們向新加坡人民轉達中國人民的誠摯問候和良好祝愿。
作為歷史悠久、國際一流的高等學府，新加坡國立大學秉持“致力激發創意精神，教育學生并為國家和社會培養人才”的宗旨，培育了大批思想活躍、學識淵博的杰出人才。你們堅持“無墻文化”，提倡自由思想和人才交流，在百年校慶之際提出“思想任馳騁，生活顯姿彩”的口號，彰顯了開拓創新、造福社會的理念。我相信，按照貴校的宗旨和理念，依托優秀的師資隊伍、雄厚的科研實力、廣泛的國際合作關系，國大一定能夠為國家和本地區以至全球提供更多的高質量教育成果。
這是我第四次踏上新加坡的國土。雖然每次逗留時間不長，但貴國的新發展和新變化令我印象深刻。獨立40多年后，新加坡發展成為全球最大集裝箱港和航空樞紐，第三大商品交易中心和煉油中心，第五大外匯交易中心和亞洲三大金融中心之一，建成經濟發達、秩序井然、廉潔高效、環境優美的國家。新加坡的發展成就源于貴國最珍貴的資產，這就是李光耀資政所說的“人民的信任、勤勞、節儉和好學”，也得益于資政先生倡導的新加坡生存之道——“必須比其他國家更有條理、更有效率和更具有競爭力”，還有一個重要原因，就是新加坡長期實行對外開放的政策。“國家雖小，兼容乃大”，新加坡通過對外開放，學習和借鑒其他國家的先進經驗，其發展成就和影響力備受世人矚目。
女士們，先生們：
對外開放不僅是新加坡發展的成功之路。從中國的歷史發展來看，也可以得出這樣的結論：只有開放兼容，國家才能富強，閉關鎖國必然落后。中國有著對外開放的光輝歷史。早在2000多年前，中國漢朝就開始與西域交往，開辟了著名的絲綢之路。在7至8世紀中國唐代的鼎盛時期，更是對外交往頻繁。15世紀中國明代初期，航海家鄭和七下西洋，最遠到達了非洲的東海岸，帶去中國的茶葉、絲綢和瓷器，表明那時中國有著相當強大的航海能力和綜合國力。從時間上來說，比哥倫布、達·伽馬遠航早了近一個世紀。但鄭和下西洋之后，中國的封建統治者卻固步自封，限制乃至放棄海上活動，采取了“片舨不得出海”的政策，從而失去了一次重要的發展機遇。
17世紀后期至18世紀末，是中國清代的鼎盛時期，史稱“康乾盛世”。那個時期，中國的工業產量位居世界前列。但正是在這個時候，歐洲諸國先后開始了近代資產階級革命和產業革命，社會生產力迅速發展，后來居上。而中國當時的統治者對這一歷史性大變革卻茫然無知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，視西方科學技術為“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的100多年，中國的發展大大落后了，國際地位急劇衰落，淪為半殖民地，備受外強欺侮。
中華人民共和國成立后，中國人民掌握了自己的命運，民族的獨立和解放使中國發生了翻天覆地的變化。但在20世紀60、70年代世界經濟蓬勃發展和新科技革命浪潮興起的時代，中國搞了長達10年的“文化大革命”，錯失了又一次發展良機。值得欣慰的是，從70年代末開始，我們糾正了過去的錯誤，選擇了改革開放的正確道路，對內實行改革，對外實行開放，開放也是改革。改革開放使我們抓住了新的歷史機遇，實現了近30年的高速發展，綜合國力顯著增強，人民生活得到很大改善，國際地位不斷上升。
近30年來，中國對外開放各項事業取得了舉世矚目的巨大成就。1978年，中國貨物進出口總額僅206億美元，2006年達到1.76萬億美元，增長了84倍，躍居世界第三位。1978年以前，中國外匯儲備從未超過10億美元，2006年末已突破1萬億美元。對外貿易成為中國經濟發展的重要支柱。通過引進國外的資金、技術和管理經驗，進行消化、吸收和再創新，大大提高了中國的生產力水平，縮小了與發達國家的差距。同時，教育、文化、科技等各方面對外交流也日益增多。中國大批留學生到國外學習，他們中的許多人成為國家建設的有用之才。通過相互學習，使人們的思想更加解放，視野更加開闊，開放意識和創新能力有了很大提高。2001年，中國加入世界貿易組織，標志著中國對外開放進入一個新的階段。
中國近30年的發展告訴我們，現在的世界是開放的世界，任何一個國家要發展，孤立起來，閉關自守是不可能的。我們建設中國特色社會主義，其根本目的就是要發展社會生產力，不斷滿足人民日益增長的物質文化需要。實現這個目標，我們必須致力于解決國內發展和改革面臨的問題，同時必須堅持實行對外開放。
中國的對外開放是長期的。中國實行對外開放，使十幾億人民得到了實惠。我們的路子走對了，對國家有利，人民贊成，就變不了。如果變了，就會貽誤國家的發展，喪失人心。這是中國對外開放長期性的根本基礎。中國的改革和現代化建設需要對外開放。因此，對外開放是我們的基本國策，而不是權宜之計。實行這種方針政策的具體措施、方法，不同時期可能有所不同，但作為基本方針政策，是不會變的。改革開放初期我們就說，開放政策本世紀不變，下世紀前50年不變，50年以后，中國同國際上的經濟交往將更加頻繁，更加相互依賴，更不可分，開放政策更不可能改變。
中國的對外開放是全面的。我們不僅對發達國家開放，也對發展中國家開放。我們既有經濟領域的開放，又有科技、教育、文化等領域的開放。中國的開放首先從經濟特區開始，在試驗成功后擴大到沿海開放城市、沿海開放地帶，再擴大到內地，形成由點到線到片到面的全面開放格局。開放和兼容，兩者是相互聯系的。只有開放，先進的和有用的東西才能進得來；只有兼容，尊重不同文明，取長補短，才能使自己不斷充實和強大起來。我們要大膽吸收和借鑒人類社會包括資本主義社會創造的一切文明成果，結合新的實踐，進行新的創造，為我所用。
中國的對外開放是互利的。我們在經濟全球化條件下搞社會主義市場經濟，理所當然要向世界開放，與其他國家經濟相互依存，與國際市場密切聯系，與世界經濟相互交融。我們堅持同各國開展平等互利合作，按市場經濟規律辦事。對外開放不僅有利于中國的發展，也有利于世界的發展。中國吸收國外的資金、技術和管理經驗，可以提高生產發展水平；外國也能從中獲得利益和市場。只有雙贏互利的開放才能持久，才能有利于各國人民的根本利益，促進世界和平與繁榮。
不久前中國共產黨召開了第十七次代表大會，會議總結并充分肯定了近30年改革開放的成就和經驗，表明中國堅持改革開放、走中國特色社會主義道路的決心和信心。我們將堅定不移地實行對外開放，在更高水平上參與經濟全球化的進程，著力解決目前形勢下對外開放遇到的新問題。我們主張自由貿易，反對貿易保護主義。我們要加快轉變外貿增長方式，改善外貿結構，努力緩解貿易不平衡矛盾。我們堅持利用外資的基本政策，創新利用外資方式，優化利用外資結構，提高利用外資水平。我們將繼續按照主動性、漸進性、可控性的原則，完善人民幣匯率形成機制，增強匯率彈性，逐步實現資本項目下的可兌換。我們高度重視產品質量和食品安全，對國內外消費者負責，按照國際標準進行生產，加強產品檢驗執法監督。我們對保護知識產權的態度是明確的，決心是堅定的，做了大量有成效的工作，并愿意繼續深化與各國的知識產權合作。我們愿在《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》和《京都議定書》框架下，按照“共同但有區別的責任”原則，與世界各國一道，共同應對氣候變化問題。我們已經建立并將繼續完善對外開放的法律法規，使在華投資有法可依，其合法權益得到保護。
女士們，先生們：
開放兼容造就了新加坡的成就，開放兼容推動了中國的發展，中國與新加坡相互開放兼容使中新兩國的合作突飛猛進。去年中新雙邊貿易額達到408.5億美元，是1990年兩國建交時的15倍，兩國互訪人員超過180萬，是建交時的19倍。蘇州工業園區不僅成為中新合作的亮點，也成為中國工業園區中的亮點。現在兩國正在探索共建生態城市，這是中新兩國與時俱進、謀求可持續發展的有益嘗試。早在上世紀90年代，鄧小平先生就贊揚新加坡的社會秩序好，我們應該借鑒你們的經驗。十幾年來，到新加坡培訓的中國官員超過9000人。中國與新加坡發揮各自優勢，相互借鑒，密切合作，實現了互利共贏。最近，在李光耀資政的倡議和帶動下，新加坡中華總商會成立了“通商中國”組織，搭建了促進中新兩國文化和工商界交流的新平臺。我們希望，“通商中國”為中新關系發展開創新的天地。
回顧過去，展望未來，我們對中新兩國關系發展的前景充滿信心。目前，中國正在深入貫徹落實科學發展觀，致力于全面建設小康社會，貴國也在打造“新的新加坡”戰略，中新兩國合作處于新的發展機遇期。我們將一如既往加強與新加坡的交流與合作。我們相信，由鄧小平先生、李光耀先生等兩國老一輩領導人奠定、并在幾代領導人共同努力下發展起來的中新友好將世代傳承，兩國合作的未來將更加美好。Only an Open and Inclusive Nation Can be Strong By Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council, People's Republic of China At National University of Singapore 19 November 2007
Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, Mr.Shih Choon Fong, President of the National University of Singapore, Students and Faculty Members, Ladies and Gentlemen，Friends, I am delighted to have this opportunity of meeting you, leading public figures in Singapore and representatives of faculty and students of the National University of Singapore(NUS).Let me begin by conveying the warm greetings and best wishes of the Chinese people to you, and through you, to the people of Singapore.NUS has a long history and is internationally renowned.“Advance knowledge and foster innovation, educate students and nurture talent, in service of country and society.” Guided by this motto, NUS has produced many outstanding graduates well grounded in knowledge and with inquisitive mind.NUS has a “no walls” culture, that is, no walls around minds and no walls to talent.At its centenary, NUS committed itself to unleashing minds and transforming lives in keeping with the vision of fostering innovation and the spirit of enterprise for the betterment of society.I am convinced that guided by its mission and vision and with its first class faculty, strong scientific research capability and a network of partners around the world, NUS will, through its quality education, contribute more to Singapore, to Asia and to the whole world.This is my fourth visit to Singapore.Though my visits have all been short, I have never failed to be impressed by changes and progress made in Singapore.Thanks to its efforts made over the past 40 years since independence, Singapore has the busiest container port and airport in the world.It has grown into the world's third largest commodity trading center and oil refinery center and the fifth largest foreign exchange trading center.It is also one of the three largest financial centers in Asia.Singapore today is noted for prosperity, public order, clean government, high efficiency and a beautiful environment.Singapore's development achievements are attributable to your most valuable assets.And this is how Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew put it, “Our greatest asset was the trust and confidence of the people.The other valuable asset we had was our people ? hardworking, thrifty, eager to learn.” Your success is also attributable to Singapore's way of survival as advocated by the minister mentor, “to be better organized and more efficient and competitive than the rest of the region.” Another important cause for Singapore's success is that it has long pursued an open policy.A small country becomes big when it embraces the world.By opening itself to the outside world and drawing upon others' successful practices, Singapore has come a long way in development, with growing international influence.Ladies and Gentlemen，Opening up has worked not only for Singapore.A review of China's history leads to the same conclusion: Only an open and inclusive nation can become strong and prosperous, while a nation that shuts its door to the world is bound to fall behind.There were proud chapters of opening up in China's history.As early as 2,000 years ago in the Han Dynasty, China opened the famous Silk Road and started exchanges with West Asia.During the prime time of the Tang Dynasty in the 7th and 8th centuries, the country was engaged in frequent interaction with the outside world.In the early Ming Dynasty in the 15th century, Zheng He, the famous Chinese navigator, led a fleet on seven expeditions to the Western Seas, reaching as far as the east coast of Africa.He brought tea, silk and porcelain to the local people.These voyages demonstrated China's strong maritime capabilities and overall national strength at that time.Zheng He's expeditions were almost a century earlier than those of Columbus or Da Gama.But after Zheng He, the Chinese feudal rulers at the time turned inward and began to restrict and later completely banned ocean-going voyages, missing out on an important opportunity for development.The Qing Dynasty reached its apex in the period between late 17th century and the end of the 18th century, noted for unprecedented peace and prosperity during the reign of Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong.At that time, China was a leading industrial producer in the world.It was, however, during this period that European countries embarked on the path of modern capitalist revolution and the Industrial Revolution.They unleashed productive forces and overtook China.The Chinese rulers at that time, ignorant of this historical transformation, continued to indulge in complacency.They dismissed Western science and technology as “clever but useless”.In the 100 years and more after Emperors Kangxi and Qianlong's reign, China was left far behind in development and its international standing plummeted and it became a semi-colonial country subjected to humiliation by foreign powers.The founding of the People's Republic of China marked the independence and liberation of the Chinese nation and brought about profound changes in the country.But in the 1960s and 1970s when waves of dynamic economic growth and scientific and technological revolution were sweeping across much of the world, China was in the grip of the decade-long “Cultural Revolution”.It thus lost another good opportunity for development.Fortunately, we changed course in the late 1970s and embarked on the track of reform and opening up, that is, to carry out reform domestically and open up externally.Opening up is also a part of China's overall reform efforts.By pursuing the policy of reform and opening-up, we have seized the new historical opportunity and achieved fast development for almost 30 years.As a result, China's overall national strength has been greatly enhanced, the living standards of its people have significantly improved and the country's international standing has steadily risen.China has made remarkable achievements in its opening-up endeavor in the past three decades.Its import and export in goods, only US$20.6 billion in 1978, reached US$1.76 trillion in 2006, registering an 84-fold increase.This turned China into the third largest trading nation in the world.China's foreign exchange reserves, which never exceeded US$1 billion before 1978, surpassed US$1 trillion at the end of 2006.Foreign trade has become a key pillar underpinning China's economic development.By introducing foreign capital, technologies and managerial expertise and using them as a basis for making innovation, we have greatly boosted productivity and narrowed the gap between China and developed countries.We have increased exchanges with other countries in education, culture, science and technology and other fields.A great number of Chinese students have studied overseas and many of them have returned to China, contributing their share to its development endeavor.By drawing on the strengths of others, the people in China have freed their minds and broadened their visions and become more open and creative.China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, which marked a new stage in its opening up drive.This is what we have learned from China's success in development over the past nearly 30 years: The world today is an open one.No country can achieve development in isolation or seclusion.We in China are working to build socialism with distinctive Chinese features, and our fundamental objective is to boost productive forces and meet the increasing material and cultural needs of the people.To meet this goal, we must address issues arising in the course of domestic development and reform and remain committed to opening up.China's opening up policy is a long-term one.Opening up has brought great benefits to more than one billion Chinese.It is the right policy for China and has the support of the people, and it will therefore not change.To deviate from this policy will only impede China's development and we will lose popular support.This is the fundamental reason why China will stay on the track of opening up.Opening up is crucial to China's reform and modernization endeavor.It is a basic state policy, not expediency.Though the specific measures and means to implement this policy may differ in different stages, the basic policy will not change.At the beginning of China's reform and opening up, we assured the world that China's opening up policy would remain unchanged in the 20th century and the first half of the 21st century.After the mid-21st century, China will have more frequent economic interactions with the rest of the world, and the two will become even more inter-dependent and indivisible.This will make it even less likely for China to reverse its opening up policy.China's opening up is comprehensive in nature.We are open not only to developed countries, but also to developing countries.We are open not only in the economic field, but also in the scientific, technological, educational, cultural and other fields.China first introduced the opening up policy in its special economic zones on a trial basis.Following their success, we proceeded to implement this policy in coastal cities and areas, and then in the hinterland.The opening up policy has been pursued in a gradual way ? from selected cities to regions and then to the whole country.Openness and inclusiveness are two sides of the same coin.Only by opening China can we bring in advanced and successful practices.And only by being inclusive, which calls for respect for different cultures and mutual learning, can we enrich and strengthen ourselves.We should boldly absorb and draw upon all the achievements of the human society, including those of the capitalist countries, build on them and make innovations.China's opening up policy is based on mutual benefit.We are developing a socialist market economy under the conditions of economic globalization, and this naturally means we should open ourselves to the world, build inter-dependent economic ties with other countries, gain close access to the international market and integrate ourselves into the world economy.We are committed to carrying out mutually beneficial cooperation on an equal footing with other countries in accordance with the law of the market.Opening up not only benefits China's development, but also contributes to world's economic development.By introducing foreign capital, technologies and managerial expertise, China has upgraded its production capacity, and this has also enabled other countries to gain benefits and increase their market shares in China.Only on the basis of mutual benefit and win-win progress can opening up endure and be conducive to the fundamental interests of all peoples and peace and prosperity of the world.The Communist Party of China held its 17th National Congress not long ago.The Congress reviewed and affirmed the achievements we have made and experience we have gained in the course of reform and opening up over the past nearly 30 years.The Party Congress highlighted China's resolve to pursue reform and opening up and build socialism with distinctive Chinese features and its confidence in accomplishing this endeavor.We will unswervingly follow the opening up policy, move up the value chain as we participate in economic globalization, and focus on addressing new issues in opening up that have arisen under the current circumstances.We stand for free trade and oppose protectionism.We will speed up changing the mode of trade growth, improve trade mix and strive to reduce trade imbalances.We are committed to the basic policy of using foreign capital and will develop innovative ways of using foreign capital, improve its structure and raise its efficiency.We will continue to follow an independent, gradual and controllable approach in improving the RMB exchange rate mechanism, increase its flexibility and gradually make RMB convertible under capital account.We take product quality and food safety seriously and work to uphold the interests of both Chinese and foreign consumers.We comply with international standards in production and have enhanced law enforcement of and supervision over product testing and inspection.We are fully committed to protecting intellectual property rights and have made a lot of effective efforts in this area.We stand ready to deepen cooperation in IPR protection with other countries.We are ready to work with all other countries to jointly tackle climate change within the framework of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol and in accordance with the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”.We have put in place the legal framework governing opening up and will continue to improve it to place foreign investment activities in China under the rule of law and protect the lawful rights and interests of foreign investors.Ladies and Gentlemen，Opening up and inclusiveness have both created Singapore's success and contributed to China's development.Mutual opening up and inclusiveness between China and Singapore have led to rapid growth in our cooperation.Last year, China-Singapore trade totaled US$40.85 billion, 15 times the figure of 1990 when our two countries established diplomatic ties.Last year saw 1.8 million mutual visits between China and Singapore, a 19-fold increase over 1990.The Suzhou Industrial Park, in which Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew has invested a lot of time and energy, has become a success story not only in China-Singapore cooperation, but also among China's industrial parks.Our two countries are exploring the building of an eco-city.This will be a good initiative to be taken by China and Singapore to promote sustainable development in keeping with the trends of the times.Back in the early 1990s, Mr.Deng Xiaoping highly commended Singapore on its public order and said that China should draw upon its experience.In the past decade and more, over 9,000 Chinese officials have received training in Singapore.By drawing on their respective strengths and maintaining close cooperation, China and Singapore have both become winners.Responding to the proposal made by Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry has recently set up an organization known as “Business China”, which offers a new platform for conducting cultural and business exchanges between the two countries.We hope “Business China” will create more opportunities for the growth of China-Singapore relations.Reviewing the past and looking ahead to the future, we have every confidence in the future of China-Singapore relations.Guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, we in China are striving to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects, and you are pursuing the strategy to remake Singapore.This has provided new opportunities for our two countries to carry out cooperation in development.We will continue to increase exchanges and cooperation with Singapore.The foundation of China-Singapore friendship was laid by Mr.Deng Xiaoping and Mr.Lee Kuan Yew, and new generations of leaders in both countries have worked hard to build this friendship.We are confident that our friendship will be carried forward from generation to generation, and our cooperation will have an even brighter future.
第四篇：溫家寶劍橋演講稿(中英文對照)
溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學的英文演講稿（附中文）
The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday.See China in the Light of Her Development
Speech at the University of Cambridge
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China February 2009
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.Ladies and Gentlemen，I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.Ladies and Gentlemen，Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!
國務院總理溫家寶２日在英國劍橋大學具有５００年歷史的“瑞德講壇”發表了題為《用發展的眼光看中國》的演講。全文如下：
用發展的眼光看中國 ━━在劍橋大學的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶
尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：
來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校８００周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！
這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！
今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。
我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。
說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。
說她年輕，新中國成立才６０年，改革開放才３０年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。
中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。
改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
３０年來，中國貧困人口減少了２億多，人均壽命提高了５歲，８３００萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。
我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！
我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。
我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。
千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。
此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年５月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔１０天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我７次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。
經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，僅為英國的１／１６左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。
到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。
我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。
中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。
“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。
１５世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。
國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。
不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有３億人在學英語(Q吧)，有１００多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。
進入２１世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。女士們，先生們！
我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是３０年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。
在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。
我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。
這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。
金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：
一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達４萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于２００７年中國ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。
二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。
三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等１６個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。
四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。
我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。
這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。
中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。
國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀９０年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。
有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。
女士們，先生們！
英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。
未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。
謝謝大家！
第五篇：溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學發表演講(中英文)
溫家寶總理在英國劍橋大學發表演講（中英文）
CAMBRIDGE, Britain, Feb.2(Xinhua)--The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's speech at the University of Cambridge on Monday.See China in the Light of Her Development Speech at the University of Cambridge Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China 2 February 2009
Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen，It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.Ladies and Gentlemen，I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are:
First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.Ladies and Gentlemen，Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.Thank you!
新華網英國劍橋２月２日電 國務院總理溫家寶２日在英國劍橋大學具有５００年歷史的“瑞德講壇”發表了題為《用發展的眼光看中國》的演講。全文如下：
用發展的眼光看中國
━━在劍橋大學的演講
中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶
尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：
來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校８００周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！
今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。
我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。
說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。
說她年輕，新中國成立才６０年，改革開放才３０年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。
中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。
改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。
３０年來，中國貧困人口減少了２億多，人均壽命提高了５歲，８３００萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。
我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！
我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。
我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下５０多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。
千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。
此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年５月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔１０天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我７次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。
經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均ＧＤＰ水平，排在世界１００位之后，僅為英國的１／１６左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。
到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。
我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。
中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。
１５世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。
國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。
不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有３億人在學英語(Q吧)，有１００多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。
進入２１世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。
女士們，先生們！
我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是３０年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。
在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。
我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。
這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。
金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：
一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達４萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于２００７年中國ＧＤＰ的１６％。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約５０００億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。
二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。
三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等１６個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。
我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。
這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。
中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。
國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀９０年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。
有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。
女士們，先生們！
英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。
未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。
謝謝大家！
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