第一篇：陸克文-北京大學演講

感謝

北京大學校長

許智宏教授

北大校委會副主席

吳志攀教授

外交部部長助理 劉結(jié)一先生 中國駐澳大利亞大使 張君賽先生 尊敬的各位來賓、女士們、先生們

首先我要向北京大學表示祝賀，今年是北大成立110周年校慶 —— 貴校的歷史比澳大利亞聯(lián)邦的歷史還要長3年。

I begin by congratulating Peking University which this year celebrates its 110th anniversary – making this university three years older than the Commonwealth of Australia.北京大學是中國最有名的大學。

Peking University is the most famous in China.在中國近代歷史上有著重要的地位和作用。

And it has played an important part in modern Chinese history.20世紀初是中國經(jīng)歷迅速變革的一個時期。正是北京大學引領(lǐng)了當時的運動,將中國引向了一個在教育、文化和政治生活方面的新時代。

In the early 20th century, when China was going through a period of rapid transformation, it was Peking University that led movements for a new era in Chinese educational, cultural and political life.北京大學是“五四運動”的中心。

Peking University was at the centre of the May 4th Movement.我也知道五四時期，從1917年到1927年間的變革的十年，對于現(xiàn)代中國的出現(xiàn)起了關(guān)鍵的作用，影響深遠。

The May 4th era — for I realise that it was a transformative decade from 1917 to 1927 — was one of crucial and lasting importance in the emergence of a modern China.這一時期的許多著名人物活躍在北京大學。

Many famous figures in this period were active at your university.比如，人們會想起蔡元培, 陳獨秀, 胡適, 李大釗和魯迅。

One thinks, for example, of Cai Yuanpei, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Li Dazhao and Lu Xun.今年，公元2008年，將見證五四時期的一些重要事件的90周年：

This year, 2008, is the 90th anniversary of some key events of the May Fourth era:

作家和教育家胡適先生通過在很有影響的新青年雜志上發(fā)表的系列文章，成功地倡導在教育和新聞媒體中使用白話文。

— through his essays for the major magazine New Youth the writer and educator Hu Shi successfully advocated the use of modern vernacular Chinese in education and the media.這推動中國年輕人向同胞表達思想的方式產(chǎn)生了重大變化。

This helped bring about a major change in the way that the young people of China expressed themselves to their compatriots.作家魯迅先生發(fā)表了著名的第一篇白話文小說《狂人日記》。Also the writer Lu Xun published the first, and justifiably famous, story in modern Chinese, Diary of a Madman.我還注意到魯迅先生當年為北京大學設計的校徽今天依然在使用。

I would also note that Lu Xun's design for the school crest of Peking University is still in use.同學們，今日北大的學子們，你們正是中國知識界憂國憂民偉大傳統(tǒng)的繼承者。

Indeed, you, the students of Peking University today, are heirs to a great tradition of intellectual engagement with your country.研究中國

Studying China

今天不是我第一次來到北京大學。

This is not the first time I have visited Peking University.但是在這里發(fā)表演講是第一次。

But it is the first time I have given a speech here.對我來說這是莫大的榮幸。

It is a great honour for me.我在這里向北大的同學們發(fā)表演講，之所以感到十分的榮幸，是因為你們是未來中國的重要部分。

And it is a great honour for me to address the students of this university because you are an important part of China's future.我是在1976年開始研究中國、學習中文的。

I first started studying China and the Chinese language in 1976.那時的中國非常的不同。

It was a different China back then.周恩來總理剛剛?cè)ナ馈?/p>

Zhou Enlai had just died.毛澤東主席還在世。

Mao Zedong was still alive.文化大革命還沒有結(jié)束–我們當時使用的中文課本兒還充滿了階級斗爭。

And the Cultural Revolution had not concluded – indeed our Chinese language textbooks were still full of class struggle.有些人問我為什么決定學中文。

Some have asked me why I decided to study Chinese.我是在昆士蘭州的一個農(nóng)場上長大的，中國似乎離我非常的遙遠。

I had grown up on a farm in rural Queensland where China seemed very remote.我記得當時還是個十多歲的孩子，很關(guān)注電視上對澳大利亞總理惠特拉姆先生1973年訪華的跟蹤報道。澳大利亞工黨在此前一年，1972年承認了中華人民共和國。

I remember as a teenager following closely the visit of Australia's Prime Minister Gough Whitlam to China on television in 1973 after the Australia Labor Government recognised China in 1972.我還記得電視上毛澤東主席與惠特拉姆總理會談、鄧小平先生陪他登長城的鏡頭。

I remember watching the footage of him meeting Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping escorting his party on a tour to the Great Wall.那次訪問激發(fā)起了我對這個非凡國家的興趣。

That visit inspired my interest in this extraordinary country.我上大學時，我就清楚地知道我想研究中國。

When I went to university I knew that I wanted to study China.我上的是位于堪培拉的澳大利亞國立大學。

I went to the Australian National University in Canberra.在隨后的4年里，我學習了漢語、中國歷史、中國文學以及韓國與日本的歷史。

And for the next four years I studied Chinese language, Chinese history and Chinese literature together with Japanese and Korean history as well.我甚至還學習了中國書法，但是我的漢字寫得很難看 —— 現(xiàn)在更不用說了。

I even studied Chinese calligraphy, but my calligraphy was ugly then – and it is even uglier now.之后我成為了一名外交官。

Later I became a diplomat.我是漢語專業(yè)畢業(yè)的，當時的澳大利亞政府偏偏決定把我派到了瑞典工作 —— 可是瑞典在當時幾乎連個像樣的中國餐館都找不到。

Because I was a graduate in Chinese, the then Australian Government decided to send me to Sweden – where in those days I could barely find a decent Chinese restaurant.我終于在1984年來到中國，開始在澳大利亞使館工作。

I eventually made it to China in 1984 when I started work at the Australian Embassy.但我沒有一直做外交官。

But I did not remain a diplomat.我想從政，進入政壇發(fā)展。

I wanted to enter politics.在1998年，我當選為澳大利亞國會議員。我在澳大利亞國會反對黨工作了9年后，工黨在去年贏了聯(lián)邦大選。我就很榮幸成為澳大利亞二十六屆總理。

I was elected to Australia's Parliament in 1998 and after serving in parliament for nine years in opposition, my party won the general election last year and I had the honour of becoming 26th Prime Minister of Australia.澳大利亞與中國

Australia and China

有人認為中國和澳大利亞是新朋友。

Some people think that Australia and China are new friends.但實際上，我們之間的交往歷史已經(jīng)很長。

But in fact our history is already long.中國人早在19世紀就來到澳大利亞定居了。

Chinese settlers came to Australia first in the nineteenth century.19世紀50年代，在維多利亞州和昆士蘭州發(fā)現(xiàn)了黃金，第一批大量的中國移民登陸澳大利亞。

When gold was discovered in Victoria and Queensland in the 1850s, the first major group of Chinese migrants came to our shores.現(xiàn)在澳洲有60多萬華人。

We now have over 600,000 people who claim Chinese ancestry.除了英語之外，中文（包括普通話和粵語）是澳大利亞使用最廣泛的語言。

After English, Chinese(Mandarin and Cantonese)is the most widely spoken language in Australia.中國人已經(jīng)深深的植根于澳大利亞，已成為現(xiàn)代澳大利亞社會的重要組成部分。

The Chinese community has deep roots in Australia and is an important part of modern Australian society.這包括余森美醫(yī)生, 他是澳大利亞最杰出的外科醫(yī)生之一，曾于1996年獲得澳大利亞年度人物獎。

It includes people like Dr John Yu, one of Australia's leading surgeons and Australian of the Year in 1996.年輕數(shù)學家陶哲軒教授，我們最近剛剛見過面。

And the young mathematician, Terrence Tao, who I met recently.兩國人員的往來并不是單向的。

The flow of people has not all been in one direction.也有一些澳大利亞人——雖然人數(shù)不多——在中國安了家。

Some Australians – though a smaller number – have made China their home.喬治·莫里森就是這樣一個人。

George Morrison is one such person.莫里森1894年第一次來到中國。

Morrison first came to China in 1894.他在中國生活了20年。

He lived here for 20 years.他在澳大利亞被稱謂“中國莫里森”。

In Australia, he was known as “Chinese Morrison”.當時莫里森的家在王府井。民國年間，這條大街的名字叫“莫里森大街”。

And here in Beijing, during the Republic of China, Wangfujing, home to George Morrison, was known as “Morrison Street”.其實我完全了解為什么人們會對中國如此神往。

It is easy to see why people become fascinated with China.中國有著幾千年延綿不斷的文字記載的歷史，但同時也是個不斷變化的國家。

China has thousands of years of continuous recorded history, but it is a country of constant change.當我在2008年審視中國時，看到的是一個非常不一樣的國家，與我在70年代研究過的、80年代生活過的中國截然不同。

When I look at the China of 2008, I see a very different country to the one I studied in the late 1970s and the one I lived in during the mid 1980s.中國和世界

China and the World

上世紀70年代以來，中國發(fā)生了顯著的變化。

The changes in China since the 1970s have been remarkable.中國的變化給我們兩國的關(guān)系帶來了深刻的演化。

And the change in China has led to a profound evolution in the relationship between our two countries.30年前中國實行的“改革開放”是中國再次與世界接觸的開始。

China's policy change 30 years ago this year to “reform and open up” was the start of your country's re-connection with the world.中國的公司開始進行對外貿(mào)易。

China's companies began trading with others.中國人開始旅行。

China's people began to travel.更多的中國學生開始到海外留學。

China's students began going overseas to study in greater numbers.世界開始以全新的方式看中國，中國人開始以全新的方式看世界。

The world began to see China, and the people of China began to see the world, in new ways.貴校，北京大學，通過教學、科研和對知識的探索，已經(jīng)對中國所發(fā)生的變化產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。

This institution, Peking University, through its teaching, research and search for knowledge has also had a profound influence on China's changes.貴校的畢業(yè)生對貴國與世界的接觸做出了很大的貢獻。

Its graduates have made a big contribution to your country's engagement with the world.這些變化給中國人民帶來更好，更豐富多彩的生活。

To many people in China, these changes bring a better and richer life.在哪里工作、怎么生活、設定什么樣的目標，現(xiàn)在人們對這些事能夠自己決定。

People are able to make decisions about where they work, how they live and set their own goals.現(xiàn)在人們可以做自己的生意。

They can build their own businesses.同時中國還有很多的問題 —— 貧困的問題、發(fā)展不平衡的問題、污染的問題。

At the same time, there are still many problems in China – problems of poverty, problems of uneven development, problems of pollution.同樣重要的是，要認識到中國的變化不僅僅對中國國內(nèi)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響，也對世界也有重大影響。

It is also important to recognise that China's change is having a great impact not just on China, but also on the world.中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和社會轉(zhuǎn)型的規(guī)模和速度在人類歷史上都是空前的。

The scale and pace of China's economic development and social transformation is unprecedented in human history.在這樣短暫的時間內(nèi)把這么多的人納入全球經(jīng)濟當中，這是前所未有的。

Never before have so many people been brought into the global economy in such a short period of time.讓我們看看下面這些數(shù)字。

Just look at some of the figures.中國目前是世界第三大貿(mào)易國家。

China is now the world's third-largest trading nation.中國的出口每年增長百分之三十以上。

Its exports are growing at over 30 per cent per year.人均 GDP 在過去5年內(nèi)幾乎翻了一番。

GDP per capita has nearly doubled in the past five years.澳大利亞人以及全世界的人都認為中國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展正產(chǎn)生深刻的全球影響。

People in Australia and around the world recognise that China's economic development is having a profound global impact.他們知道中國對資源的需求正推動全球的增長。

They understand that China's demand for resources is driving global growth.但是中國的增長也會導致焦慮。

But China's growth can also cause anxiety.有些人擔心他們的工作轉(zhuǎn)移到了中國。

Some people are concerned about their jobs moving to China.當海外的人們面對這樣的巨大變化和不確定性，他們會變得焦慮。

When people overseas are faced with big changes and uncertainties like these they get nervous.我們需要理解這些焦慮和他們產(chǎn)生的根源。

We all need to appreciate these anxieties and their origins.我希望在此提議。

Today I would like to make a suggestion.中國的青年，你們是將會見證中國完全融入全球社會，全球經(jīng)濟和整體國際秩序的一代人。我認為你們在世界生活起著重要的作用扮演重要的角色。

I think that you – the young people of China, the generation that will see China's full integration into global society, the global economy and the overall global order – have an important role to play in the life of the world.國際社會盼望著中國充分參與到有規(guī)則的國際秩序，包括所有基于規(guī)則的安全、經(jīng)濟、人權(quán)和環(huán)境領(lǐng)域的國際體系。

The global community looks forward to China fully participating in all the institutions of the global rules-based order, including in security, in the economy, in human rights, in the environment.我們盼望著中國在未來為加強這些秩序做出更多積極的貢獻。

And we look forward to China making active contributions to the enhancement of that order in the future.這也是負責任的全球公民的應盡義務。

It is a necessary task of responsible global citizenship.同學們，你們肩負著重大的責任。

It is a big responsibility you have.你們生于今日的中國。

You are the product of China today.你們是中國明日的代表。

And you are the representatives of China's tomorrow.你們將決定世界如何看待中國。

You will be the ones who define how the world sees China.和諧是中國偉大的思想家和活動家康有為先生的夢想和希望。

“Harmony” was the dream and hope of that great Chinese thinker and activist Kang Youwei.對于戊戌變法，像北京大學——今年恰好也是110周年。

The Hundred Days reform movement, like Peking University, also marks its 110th anniversary this year.康有為倡導建立一個沒有政治界限的烏托邦式的大同社會。

Kang proposed a utopian world free of political boundaries.中國多次表明其發(fā)展的方式是“和平崛起”、“和平發(fā)展”或最近提出的“和諧世界”。

China has variously articulated its approach to development as one of “peaceful rise”, “peaceful development” or more recently that of a “harmonious world”.2005年，當時的美國副國務卿佐利克提出了他的概念，即中國愿意并能夠成為一個負責任的全球利益攸關(guān)者。

In 2005 the then US Deputy Secretary of State Bob Zoellick spoke for his part of his concept that China would and could become a responsible global stakeholder.我上個星期在華盛頓的布魯金斯學院的演講中談到，值得思考一下如何促進將 “和諧世界”與“負責任的利益攸關(guān)者”這兩個概念結(jié)合起來。

As I said last week in a speech to the Brookings Institution in Washington, it is worthwhile thinking about how to encourage a synthesis of these concepts of a “harmonious world” and the “responsible stakeholder”.“和諧世界”的概念將取決于中國與其他國家一道參與到世界秩序，并根據(jù)秩序的規(guī)則來行事。

The idea of a “harmonious world” depends on China being a participant in the world order and, along with others, acting in accordance with the rules of that order.做不到的話，就不可能實現(xiàn)和諧。

Failing this, “harmony” is impossible to achieve.“負責任的利益攸關(guān)者” 的核心內(nèi)容也包括了同樣的概念——中國努力維護并發(fā)展基于規(guī)則的全球和地區(qū)秩序。

“Responsible stakeholder” contains the same idea at its core – China working to maintain and develop the global and regional rules-based order.今年，中國主辦奧運會，全世界的目光將關(guān)注你們、關(guān)注北京。

This year, as China hosts the Olympics, the eyes of the world will be on you and the city of Beijing.這將是中國與世界直接接觸的一次機會，接觸在運動場上，接觸在北京的街頭。

It will be a chance for China to engage directly with the world, both on the sports field and on the streets of Beijing.自然環(huán)境的和諧

Harmony in the Natural Environment

我們的共同未來不僅僅是國家和人間的和諧。

Our shared future is not only one about harmony between nations and peoples.還有與大自然的和諧。“天人合一”的觀念根源于中國的古代思想。

It is also about harmony with nature — the “Unity of Man and Nature” — a concept with ancient roots in Chinese thought.我們都負有對未來的責任。

We all share responsibility for the future.氣候變化是中澳兩國共同面臨的未來挑戰(zhàn)之一。

One of the big future challenges for Australia and China is climate change.澳大利亞致力于為應對氣候變化在國際和國內(nèi)都采取強有力的行動。

Australia is committed to strong action domestically and internationally on climate change.因為我們知道氣候變化是我們當今時代所面臨的重大的道德、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境挑戰(zhàn)，是所有國家必須攜手合作、共同克服的困難。

Because we know that climate change is the great moral, economic and environmental challenge of our time – one that all nations have to work together to overcome.所以，氣候變化將是本周我與中國領(lǐng)導人的會晤中所探討的重要內(nèi)容。

That's why climate change will be an important part of my discussions with the Chinese leadership this week.中國在氣候變化問題上發(fā)揮日益突出的作用是很重要的。

It is important that China play an increasingly prominent role on climate change.一個有效的全球氣候變化應對機制，要求所有的主要排放國都積極地參與。

An effective global response to climate change will require the active participation of all major emitters.我也相信這對中國自身的未來同樣很重要。

I also believe it is important for China's own future.除非我們成功的應對，否則中國在很多方面將面臨日益增加的壓力，比如水供給、降水的變化以及海平面上升。

Unless we are successful, China will face increasing pressure on its water supplies, changing rainfall patterns and rising sea levels.牢固的關(guān)系、真正的友誼之基礎是能夠直接、坦誠并持續(xù)地進行對話。

A strong relationship, and a true friendship, are built on the ability to engage in direct, frank and ongoing dialogue about our fundamental interests and future vision.在當今全球化的世界當中，我們都是相互聯(lián)系在一起的，不僅通過政治和經(jīng)濟聯(lián)系在一起，連我們呼吸的空氣都是一體的。

In the modern, globalised world, we are all connected;connected not only by politics and economics, but also in the air we breathe.真正的朋友是能夠做“諍友”的。這樣的一個伙伴是一個超越直接和短期利益的建立在寬廣和堅定基礎之上的。著眼于持久、深刻和真誠友誼的伙伴。

A true friend is one who can be a “zhengyou”, that is a partner who sees beyond immediate benefit to the broader and firm basis for continuing, profound and sincere friendship.換句話說，真正的友誼是敢于說出不同意見、直言規(guī)勸的，是能夠就有爭議的問題進行有原則的對話的。

In other words, a true friendship which “offers unflinching advice and counsels restraint” to engage in principled dialogue about matters of contention.我知道貴國的政治傳統(tǒng)中很看重和珍視這樣的友誼。

It is the kind of friendship that I know is treasured in China's political tradition.今天我向中國提出讓我們建立這樣的友誼。

It is the kind of friendship that I also offer China today.謝謝大家。

Thank you!

第二篇：澳大利亞外長陸克文在廣外的演講

澳大利亞外長陸克文在廣外的演講

昨天，我們開車經(jīng)過了美麗的廣州歌劇院，讓我想起過去。我是一九八四年第一次來中國。現(xiàn)在的變化真大。那時，中國一九七八年實行的改革開放政策剛剛開始有了效果。我當時無法想象一家外國公司能參加廣州歌劇院的設計。這是個非常有影響的建筑。澳大利亞馬歇爾戴公司（Marshall Day）為廣州歌劇院做聲學設計。這是中國三十年來巨大變化的標志。過去是文革時期封閉的中國，現(xiàn)在是二十一世紀開放的中國。

Yesterday, driving into Guangzhou and past the strikingly beautiful new Opera House, I was reminded of how much China has changed since I first came here in 1984.At that time, just as the China‘s economic reform and open door policies of 1978 were starting to take effect, it was unthinkable that a foreign company could play a part in designing such an important and cutting-edge building in China.The Opera House, whose acoustics were designed by Australian firm Marshall Day, is a symbol of how far China has come in just 30 years, from the inward looking China of the Cultural Revolution, to the outward looking China of the 21st century.三十年前，大多數(shù)觀察家不相信中國能進行大規(guī)模的經(jīng)濟改革。可是事實證明，他們錯了。今天，我要和大家講講中國過去三十年的經(jīng)濟增長，還有今后三十年，經(jīng)濟增長模式變了，中國會怎么樣。如果我們覺得過去三十年的變化很大，以后的變化會更大。然后，我想談談這對澳中未來經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的影響。我的想法是中國二點零。還有澳大利亞-中國二點零。30 years ago, most China watchers were skeptical about China‘s capacity for large scale economic reform.But China has proven the skeptics wrong.My purpose today is not just to reflect on the last 30 years of China‘s economic growth but also to reflect on the next 30 – as China changes its growth model for the future.Because if we think the changes of the last 30 years have been dramatic, this I believe is only a foretaste of what is to come.And then I want to reflect on what this means for the future of the Australia-China economic relationship.It‘s what I call China 2.0.It‘s what I call Australia-China 2.0.GDP年均增長百分之十。中國人均GDP從一九八零年的二百零五美元增長到今天的四千三百八十二美元。中國在一九八一年有百分之八十四的貧困人口，而現(xiàn)在,只有百分之二十。近五億人擺脫了貧困。這很了不起。

The figures tell the story so far.Since 1980, China‘s real GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 10%.This has seen China‘s per capita GDP grow from US$205 in 1980 to US$4,382(in nominal terms)today.The share of China‘s population living below the poverty line of $1.25 per day has fallen from 84 per cent in 1981 to 20 per cent today.Around 500 million people have been lifted out of poverty.By world standards, this is a truly remarkable achievement.不到三十年的時間，中國從貧窮、封閉、農(nóng)業(yè)為主的經(jīng)濟變成了富裕、國際化的城市經(jīng)濟。中國過去三十年的經(jīng)濟成就主要是依靠充足的廉價勞動力，這是中國最大的競爭優(yōu)勢。中國的制造業(yè)發(fā)展很快，越來越多的農(nóng)民工到珠三角、長三角等制造業(yè)中心地區(qū)工作。Within thirty years China has transformed itself from an impoverished, isolated and mostly agrarian economy to the increasingly wealthy, internationalized and urban economy we see today.China‘s economic achievements over the last thirty years have been driven by its biggest competitive advantage, an abundant supply of low-cost labour.Year after year, we see more and more rural migrants from China‘s countryside moving to its manufacturing hubs like the Pearl and Yangtze River deltas to participate in China‘s booming manufacturing sector.一九八零年，中國的城市化率,只有百分之十九。五個中國人里只有不到一個住在城市。二零一零年，城市化率是百分之四十七。換句話說，過去三十年中國的城市人口增加了四點四六億。

In 1980, China‘s rate of urbanization was only 19 per cent.Fewer than 1 in 5 Chinese citizens lived in cities.By 2010, this had increased to 47 per cent.In other words, China‘s urban population has increased by 446 million over the past 30 years.這段時間，中國是高儲蓄、低消費，從而有能力投資城市基礎設施，發(fā)展生產(chǎn)力。一九八二年居民消費占GDP百分之四十八，二零零九年只占百分之三十四。儲蓄從一九八二年占GDP百分之三十六相應增加到二零零九年的百分之五十三。

Over this time, China has also been able to rely on its high savings and low household-consumption rates to fund investment in urban infrastructure and productive capacity.Household consumption as a percentage of GDP in China fell from 48.9 per cent in 1982 to just 34.9 per cent in 2009.Correspondingly, China‘s gross savings as a percentage of GDP increased from 36.3 per cent in 1982 to 53.6 per cent in 2009.因此，過去三十年，中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)生了巨大的轉(zhuǎn)變，中國經(jīng)濟的國際影響力也發(fā)生了改變。These radical economic transformations over the last three decades have also resulted in the transformation of China‘s economic significance.中國在世界上的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模 China‘s Global Economic Size

首先我要談到一些經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù)。我不想說得太專業(yè)，但是這些數(shù)據(jù)比較重要，它們可以說明中國目前的經(jīng)濟狀況。

I want to first raise a few numbers.While I don‘t want to get too technical, these are numbers which are important in highlighting the current state of China‘s economy.中國現(xiàn)在是世界第二大經(jīng)濟體。去年，中國GDP增長約百分之十點三，達到, 五點九萬億美元。國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）預測中國經(jīng)濟到二零一六年會再翻一番，GDP超過十一點二萬億美元。盡管中國經(jīng)濟還是比美國規(guī)模小，但是差距在快速縮小。要知道,在一九八零年,中國的經(jīng)濟規(guī)模只有美國的百分之七點三。至于中國經(jīng)濟總量什么時候, 超過美國，現(xiàn)在有爭論。但是按照現(xiàn)在的趨勢，中國很可能在本世紀的第三個十年之前, 成為最大的經(jīng)濟體。這個沒有爭論。

China now stands tall as the second-largest economy in the world.Last year, China‘s GDP grew by around 10.3 per cent to reach US$5.9 trillion.By 2016, the IMF predicts that China‘s economy will almost double again in size, with a forecast GDP of over US$11.2 trillion.While this will still be well short of the size of the US economy(forecast GDP of US$18.8 trillion in 2016), China has closed the gap very fast.Remember, in 1980, China‘s GDP was just 7.3 per cent the size of the US economy.When China actually overtakes the US economy in terms of absolute size is hotly debated.But what isn‘t in debate is that on current projections, China‘s economy is likely to be the largest in the world before the end of the third decade of this century.中國的很多經(jīng)濟指標，都遠遠超過了,其他國家。二零一零年，中國是世界最大貨物貿(mào)易出口國，占全球貨物出口的，百分之十點四，領(lǐng)先美國和德國。此外，二零一零年，中國是第二大貨物貿(mào)易進口國，僅次于美國。中國是全球最大的汽車市場。二零一零年，中國汽車銷量一千八百萬輛，同比增長百分之三十二。更加值得注意的是，二零一零年，中國是商業(yè)服務第四大出口國，出口額一千七百億美元，同比增長百分之三十二。同時也是商業(yè)服務第三大進口國，進口額一千九百二十億美元，同比增長百分之二十二。中國有八個城市人口超過一千萬，九十三個城市人口超過五百萬。到二零二零年，中國將有六個省的GDP超過一萬億美元，相當于六個俄羅斯(或者西班牙或加拿大)。

On a significant number of measures, China already stands well above the rest.In 2010, China was the world‘s largest merchandise exporter(US$1,578bn)with a 10.4 per cent share of world merchandise exports, ahead of the US(US$1,278bn)and Germany(US$1.269bn).China was the world‘s second-largest merchandise importer in 2010(US$1,395bn)behind the US(US$1,968bn).China is also home to the world‘s largest automotive market.In 2010, 18 million automobiles were sold in the Chinese market, an increase of 32 per cent year on year.But perhaps even more significant, and a harbinger of things to come, is that in 2010 China was the fourth-largest exporter of commercial services – worth US$170bn, a 32 per cent year-on-year increase compared with 2009.As well, it was the third-largest importer of commercial services at US$192bn;a 22 per cent increase year-on-year.Eight Chinese cities have a population of more than 10 million, and 93 have more than 5 million.By 2020, China will have six provinces with an annual GDP of more than US$1 trillion, equal to six countries the size of Russia(or Spain or Canada).中國的崛起依賴大量資源。二零零九年，中國超過美國成為最大能源消費國。預計中國能源年均需求量在二零零八和二零三五年間,會上升百分之七十五。中國很多礦石資源的消費量也是世界第一。包括鋁、銅、鎳、鋅、鉛、錫、鐵礦石,和煤，特別是鐵礦石和煤的需求很大。二零零九年，中國消費近三十二億噸煤。澳大利亞是最大的, 煤出口國，二零零九年出口二點七五億噸，僅僅相當于中國需求的百分之十。去年，中國也是世界第一大鋼材消費國，占全球，百分之四十六。到二零一六年，中國粗鋼消費量將接近十億噸，占預計全球消費的百分之五十二，約為預計第二大消費國印度的九倍。這些經(jīng)濟數(shù)字讓人驚嘆，向我們展現(xiàn)一幅宏大的藍圖。

China‘s emergence has, of course, been massively resource intensive.In 2009, China overtook the US to become the world‘s largest energy consumer.Between 2008 and 2035, China‘s per year energy demand is forecast to increase by 75 per cent(International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2010).On the mineral resource side, China is also in first place on many fronts.It is now the world‘s largest consumer of aluminium, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, tin, iron ore and coal.China‘s appetite for steel and coal is particularly striking.In 2009, China consumed around 3.2 billion tonnes of coal domestically.To put this into perspective, Australia, the world‘s largest exporter of coal, exported 275 million tonnes of coal in 2009, less than 10 per cent of what China consumed.Last year, China was the world‘s largest user of steel, around 46 per cent of global consumption.By 2016, China‘s crude steel consumption is forecast to total just under 1 billion tonnes, over 52 per cent of forecast world consumption and almost nine times the volume of the world‘s second largest forecast consumer, India.These numbers are staggering and they paint a big strategic picture.現(xiàn)在我要談到一個新的 – 但是有直接關(guān)系的題目，那就是中國改變增長模式。

I want to now discuss a new topic, but one which follows naturally from what I‘ve just discussed – that is China‘s Changing Growth Model 轉(zhuǎn)向國內(nèi)消費

The Shift to Domestic Consumption 到現(xiàn)在為止，中國資本密集型出口拉動增長的模式，運行的不錯。但是導致了一些不平衡，也引起了中國政府的注意。

China‘s capital intensive export led growth model has served it very well.But it has also led to the creation of a number of imbalances which the Chinese Government rightly recognises as requiring attention.首先是社會上的不平等。中國幾億人口脫貧、人均GDP快速增長，這些努力值得稱贊。但是，并不是所有人都分享到了經(jīng)濟增長的好處。經(jīng)濟學家指出，衡量收入是否平等的基尼系數(shù)從上世紀八十年代中期的零點三，上升到現(xiàn)在的零點四七。眾所周知，上世紀八十年代末以來，城市收入最高的十分之一的人口與收入最低的十分之一的差距在擴大，從七倍擴大到二十多倍。城市人均收入是農(nóng)村的三倍還要多。

The first of these is social inequality.China‘s efforts to raise hundreds of millions of its citizens out of poverty rapidly increasing the per capita GDP of its citizens are impressive and commendable.However, the benefits of China‘s massive growth have not been shared by all.Economists have noted that the Gini coefficient – a measure of overall income inequality – has increased from around 0.3 in the mid-1980s to 0.47 now.Since the late 1980s, the gap in urban income between the top 10 per cent and the bottom 10 per cent has widened from seven times to more than 20 times.Average per capita income is now more than three times that of rural areas.澳大利亞歡迎中國政府提出的一系列，解決不平等問題的目標。其中有包括全部農(nóng)村居民和三點五七億城市居民的養(yǎng)老金計劃，每年最低工資增長不低于百分之十三，還有，為低收入家庭建三千六百萬套保障房。政府也會繼續(xù)增加大教育投資，同時擴大醫(yī)療體系。這些政策，有助于緩解中國收入不平等的問題。居民也能降低儲蓄，因為社會福利，變好了。收入分配、保障房、醫(yī)療和低收入人群工資的改善，以及城市中產(chǎn)階級的擴大，有助于中國向消費拉動增長模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。

Australia warmly welcomes the Chinese Government‘s announcement of a range of key targets to tackle this inequality.Among them are: pension schemes to cover all rural residents and 357 million urban residents;an increase in the minimum wage by no less than 13 per cent per year;and in housing, the construction and renovation of 36 million apartments for low-income families.Education spending will remain a priority, while the pharmaceuticals and healthcare system will be broadened to cover more of the population.These policies will help to ease the problems of income inequality in China.But they will also reduce the need for China‘s citizens to maintain such a high rate of saving to compensate for inadequacies in the social-welfare system.Efforts to improve China‘s system of income redistribution, access to social housing and health care and the wages of China‘s lowest-income earners, coupled with the rapid growth in the size of China‘s urban middle class, will certainly assist China to make the transition towards a consumption-led model of growth.隨著經(jīng)濟高速發(fā)展，中國面對的另一個挑戰(zhàn)就是環(huán)境成本。作為―世界工廠‖，中國是鋼和鋁等能源密集型商品的凈出口國。根據(jù)耶魯大學和哥倫比亞大學編的二零一零年環(huán)境績效指數(shù)，綜合考慮氣候變化、空氣污染、獲取水資源等環(huán)境政策目標，中國排在全球第一百二十一位。

Another challenge China faces as a consequence of its phenomenal economic growth has been the environmental cost.China‘s emergence as the ?world factory‘ has seen it become a net exporter of energy intensive goods such as steel and aluminium.According to the 2010 Environmental Performance Index compiled by Yale University and Columbia University, China ranks 121st internationally for its performance against environmental policy goals such as climate change, air pollution and water access.中國政府為此提出了以下計劃：首先非化石能源占一次能源消費比重，提高到百分之十一點四。其次，單位GDP能耗降低百分之十六。再次，單位GDP二氧化碳排放降低百分之十七。最后，單位工業(yè)增加值用水量降低百分之三十。同時，中國政府也在提高核電和天然氣發(fā)電所占比例。核電和天然氣發(fā)電的碳排放比煤炭發(fā)電低。這些政策有助于中國轉(zhuǎn)向可持續(xù)增長道路，有助于全球應對氣候變化。

To address these problems, the Chinese Government has announced far-reaching plans: to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in China‘s energy mix to 11.4 per cent of primary energy consumption;to cut energy consumption per unit of GDP by 16 per cent;to cut carbon dioxide emission per unit of GDP by 17 per cent;and to reduce water consumption per unit of value-added industrial output by 30 per cent.These policies complement existing efforts by the Chinese Government to increase the contribution to its energy mix of nuclear and gas-fired power generation, which are less carbon-intensive than coal.These will help underpin China‘s efforts to transition China towards a more sustainable growth path – and to contribute to the global response to climate change 十二五規(guī)劃中提出中國今后五年GDP增長目標是百分之七，可能比較保守，因為去年增長了百分之十點三。更重要的是，這表明中國愿意接受比較低的經(jīng)濟增長率，使經(jīng)濟更加平衡、更加平等、更加可持續(xù)。換句話說，中國現(xiàn)在更重視增長的質(zhì)量，而不就是增長的數(shù)量。China‘s 7 per cent GDP growth target over the next five years, announced as part of the 12th 5-year plan, is probably on the conservative side.For example, Chinese GDP growth was 10.3 per cent last year.But importantly, it shows that China is willing to accept a lower rate of growth in order to rebalance its economy, alleviate inequalities and improve sustainability.In other words, China is now looking to prioritise the quality of growth over the quantity of growth.中國在改變增長模式的過程中，政府也重視研發(fā)的投入。中國研發(fā)支出占GDP的比例只有約百分之一點四，仍然較低，低于全球研發(fā)支出百分之一點九的水平。十二五規(guī)劃中，中國政府的目標是把研發(fā)支出提高到GDP的百分之二點二。同時把每年每萬人口的，發(fā)明專利擁有量，提高到三點三件。此外，政府還要鼓勵海外研究人員回國工作，同時引進兩千名，外國專家，在國家實驗室工作。盡管中國人均研發(fā)支出，還比較低，但是研發(fā)支出總量已經(jīng)超過了很多國家。中國的研發(fā)支出總量已經(jīng)超過了德國、韓國和英國等發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體。In the course of it‘s changing growth model, China has sustained a focus on R&D investment.China‘s R&D spending as a share of GDP is still relatively low – around 1.4 per cent, well below global R&D spending of 1.9 per cent.As part of the 12th five-year plan, the Chinese Government is seeking to boost expenditure on research and development to 2.2 per cent GDP.It is also targeting the registration of 3.3 patents per annum for each 10,000 head of population.This is on top of existing efforts to encourage internationally-based Chinese researchers to return to China and to recruit 2,000 foreign experts to work in national laboratories.While China‘s R&D expenditure per capita remains low, its total spending on R&D is eclipsing many countries.China‘s gross domestic expenditure on R&D is already far ahead of advanced economies like Germany, the Republic of Korea and the United Kingdom.中國還有一個新的經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)象，那就是中國新城市的崛起：那是一個新的增長動力。The Rise of New Chinese cities: A New Power of Growth 我剛才說過, 中國新的經(jīng)濟增長不僅來源于超級城市。我剛才說過, 到二零二零年，中國將有六個省的GDP超過一萬億美元，相當于六個俄羅斯(或西班牙，或加拿大)。我剛才也說過, 中國有八個城市人口超過一千萬。我剛才說過, 中國有九十三個城市人口超過五百萬。

As noted above, China‘s new economic growth is not simply being driven out of China‘s mega cities.I repeateight Chinese cities have a population of more than 10 million.I repeatthe largest in years.But it‘s only a start.Back in Australia, the Trade Minister and I will be going on the road to state capitals to argue what China 2.0 is all about.And later in the year, we intend to be back, leading a trade and investment mission to some of the provinces and rising urban centres that will drive this country‘s future.對中國的未來，我一直很樂觀。對于澳中經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的未來，我也一直很樂觀。我相信，―澳中二點零‖ 會推動雙邊經(jīng)濟關(guān)系的發(fā)展。

I have always been an optimist about China‘s future.I‘ve always been an optimist about the future of the Australia-China economic relationship and ?Australia-China 2.0‘ can be the driver of that future.

第三篇：陸克文演講：中美兩國是否注定沖突英文演講稿

Good day, my name is Kevin.I am from Australia.I’m here to help.Tonight, I want to talk about a tale of two cities.One of those cities is called Washington, and the other is called Beijing.Because how these two capitals shape their future ,and the future of the United States and the future of China doesn’t just affect those two countries, it affects all of us.In ways , perhaps, we’ve never thought of.The air we breathe, the water we drink, the fish we eat, the quality of our oceans, the languages we speak in the future, the jobs we have, the political systems we choose, and , of course, the great questions of war and peace.You see that bloke? He’s French.His name is Napoleon.A couple of hundred years ago, he made his extraordinary projection: “ China is a sleeping lion, and when she wakes, the world will shake.” Napoleon got a few things wrong, he got this one absolutely right.Because China is today not just woken up, China has stoop up and China is on the march, and the question for us all is where will China go, and how do we engage this giant of the 21st century ? You start looking at the numbers, they start to confront you in big way.It is projected that China will become by whichever measure , PPP, market exchange rates, the largest economy in the world over the course of the decade ahead.They’re already the largest trading nation, already the largest exporting nation, already the largest manufacturing nation, and they’re also the biggest emitters of carbon in the world.America comes second.So if China does become the world’s largest economy, think about this: it’ll be the first time , since this guy was on the throne of England, George III, not a good friend of Napoleon’s ,that in the world we will have as the largest economy , a non-English speaking country, a non-western country, a non-liberal democratic country.And if you don’t think that’s going to affect the way in which the world happens in the future, then personally, I think you’ve been smoking something, and it doesn’t mean you’re from Colorado.So in short , the question we have tonight is , how do we understand this mega change, which I believe to be the biggest change for the first half of the 21st century? It’ll affect so many things.It will go to the absolute core.It’s happening quietly.It’s happening persistently.It’s happening in some senses under the radar, as we are all preoccupied with what’s going in Ukraine, what’s going on in the Middle East, what’s going on with ISIS, what’s going on with ISIL, what’s happening with the future of our economies.This is a slow and quiet revolution.And with a mega change comes also a mega challenge,and the mega challenge is this: Can these two great countries, China and the United States.China, the middle kingdom.And the United States, 美國.Which in Chinese, by the way, means “the beautiful country”.Think about that-----that’s the name that China has given this country for more than a hundred years.Whether these two great civilizations, these two great countries, can in fact carve out a common future for themselves and for the world? In short, can we carve out a future which is peaceful and mutually prosperous, or are we looking at a great challenge of war or peace? And I have 15 minutes to work through war or peace, which is a little less time than they gave this guy to write a book called “ War And Peace”.People ask me, why is it that a kid growing up in rural Australia got interesting in learning Chinese? Well, there are two reasons for that.Here is the first of them.That is Betsy, the cow.Now, Betsy the cow was one of a herd of dairy cattle that I grew up with on a farm in rural Australia.See those hands there? There are not built for farming.So very early on, I discovered that in fact, working in a farm was not designed for me, and China was a very safe remove from any career in Australian farm life.Here’s the second reason.That’s my mom.Anyone here ever listen to what their mom told them to do? Everyone ever do what their mom told them to do ? I rarely did, but what my mom said to me was, one day, she handed me a newspaper, a headline which said, here we have a huge change.And that change is China entering the United Nations.1971, I had just turned 14 years of age, and she handed me this headline.And she said, “ Understand this, learn this, because it is going to affect your future”.So being a very good student of history, I decided that the best thing for me to do was , in fact, to go off and learn Chinese.The great thing about learning Chinese is that your Chinese teacher gives you a new name.And so they gave me this name: 克，which means to overcome or to conquer, and 文，ant that’s the character for literature or the arts.克文，conqueror of the classics.Any of you guys called Kevin? It’s a major lift from being called Kevin to be called Conqueror of the Classics.I’ve been called Kevin all my life.Would you prefer to be called Conqueror of the Classics ? And so I went for after that and joined the Australian Foreign Service, but here is where pride before pride, there always comes a fall.So there I am in the embassy in Beijing ,off to the Great Hall of the People with our ambassador, who had asked me to interpret for his first meeting in the Great Hall of the People.And so there was I, if you’ve been to a Chinese meeting, it’s a giant horseshoe.At the head of the horseshoe are the really serious pooh-bahs, and down the end of the horseshoe are the not so serious pooh-bahs, the junior woodchucks like me.And so the ambassador began with this inelegant phrase.He said, “China and Australia are currently enjoying a relationship of unprecedented closeness.” And I thought to myself, unilaterally see to change the rules of the global order.So apart from all of that, it’s just fine and dandy, the U.S., China relationship.No real problems there.The challenge, though, is given those deep-rooted feelings, those deep-rooted emotions and thought patterns, what the Chinese call 思維，ways of thinking, how can we craft a basis for a common future between these two? I argue simply this : We can do it on the basis on a framework of constructive realism for a common purpose.What do I mean by that? Be realistic about the things that we disagree on, and a management approach that doesn’t enable any one of those differences to break into war or conflict until we’ve acquired the diplomatic skills to solve them.Be constructive in areas of the bilateral, regional and global engagement between the two, which will make a difference for all of humankind.Build a regional institution capable of cooperation in Asia, an Asia-Pacific community.And worldwide, act further, like you’ve begun to do at the end of last year, by striking out against climate change, with hands joined together rather than fists apart.Of course, all that happens if you’ve got a common mechanism and political will to achieve the above.These things are deliverable.But the question is, are they deliverable alone? This is what our head tells us we need to do, but what about our heart? I have a little experience in the question back home of how you try to bring together two peoples who frankly, haven’t had a whole lot in common in the past.And that’s when I apologized to Australia’s indigenous peoples.This was a day of reckoning in the Australian government, after 200 years of unbridled towards the first Australians, it was high time that we white folks said we were sorry.The important thing that I remember is starting in the faces of all those from Aboriginal Australia as they came to listen to this apology.It was extraordinary to see, for example, old women telling me the stories of when they were five years old and literally ripped away from their parents, like this lady here.It was extraordinary for me to then be able to embrace and to kiss aboriginal elders as they came into the parliament building, and one woman said to me, it’s the first time a white fella had ever kissed her in her life and she was over 70.That is a terrible story.And then I remember this family saying to me, “ You know , we drove all the way from the far North down to Canberra to come to this thing, drove our way through redneck country.On the way back , stopped at a cafe after the apology for a milkshake.And they walked into this cafe quietly, tentatively, gingerly, a little anxious.I think you know what I am talking about.But the day after the apology, what happened? Everyone in that cafe, every one of the white folks, stoop up and applauded.Something had happened in the hearts of these people in Australia.The white folks, our aboriginal brothers and sisters, and we haven’t solved all these problems together, but let me tell you ,there was a new beginning, because we had gone not just to the head, we’d gone also to the heart.So where does that conclude in terms of the great question that we’ve been asked to address this evening, which is the future of U.S., China relations? The head says there’s a way forward.The head says there is a policy framework, there’s a common narrative, there is a mechanism through regular summitry to do these things and to make them better.But the heart must also find a way to re-imagine the possibilities of the America , China relationship, and the possibilities of China’s future engagement in the world.Sometimes, folks, we just need to take a leap of faith, not quite knowing where we might land.In China, they now talk about the Chinese Dream.In America, we’re all familiar with the term “The American Dream”.I think , it is time, across the world, that we’re able to think also of something we might also all a dream for all humankind.Because if we do that, we might just change the way that we think about each other.人類夢。That’s my challenge to America.That’s my challenge to China.That’s my challenge to all of us, but I think where there’s a will and where there is imagination.We can turn this into a future driven by peace and prosperity.And not once again repeat, the tragedies of war.I thank you.

第四篇：陸克文辭職**一次不成功的奪權(quán)

陸克文辭職**一次不成功的奪權(quán)

“我毫無怨言，我對任何人都沒有惡意。如果我的言行傷害過任何人，我向他們道歉。”2月29日，澳大利亞前總理和前外交部長陸克文在輸?shù)酎h內(nèi)選舉后，向等候多時的記者表示。

一樣的表情，不一樣的滋味。同樣也面帶微笑，陸克文的黨內(nèi)對手，現(xiàn)任工黨黨魁、澳大利亞總理吉拉德則對媒體表示：“我絕對相信只要我們團結(jié)，就能贏得下一屆大選。我將帶領(lǐng)工黨參加大選，我有信心在大選中獲勝。”

在這場黨內(nèi)投票中，陸克文以31票對71票的劣勢敗給吉拉德。這也意味著，他突然辭職帶來的政治**告一段落。

這位澳大利亞前總理在國內(nèi)曾經(jīng)擁有高達73%的支持率，但他如今卻在執(zhí)政黨工黨內(nèi)眾叛親離。

負面視頻出現(xiàn)時機微妙

作為西方國家領(lǐng)導人中為數(shù)不多的“中文通”，中文永遠是圍繞陸克文的新聞話題，不過最近這則與中文有關(guān)的消息看起來并不那么光彩。

前不久，一段關(guān)于他嘗試用普通話講演失敗時的“粗口視頻”被一名神秘用戶上傳至視頻網(wǎng)站YouTube上。在這段長達兩分鐘的視頻中可以看到，陸克文當時試著用中文錄下一段訊息，但過程非常不順暢。陸克文在講話中屢屢“卡殼”，他責怪工作人員將演講稿翻譯得不盡如人意，甚至罵中文翻譯員是“笨蛋”，怒斥中文是“這種他媽的語言”。

此視頻一出，立刻在全世界范圍內(nèi)流傳開來。

2月19日，陸克文表態(tài)這段視頻令自己感覺“尷尬”。他承認，他已經(jīng)對自己做了一番檢討，嘗試學會不去支配別人，并且在工作上多進行溝通磋商。

在分析看來，出現(xiàn)在這個時間點的視頻外泄，十分可疑。陸克文本人就表示，他罵人的這段視頻曝光的時間點“極其不尋常”，此視頻是多年前他擔任總理時拍攝的。陸克文說，這類花絮片段通常會被銷毀，但這段曝光視頻顯然由總理辦公室或其他政府部門一直收藏著。

不過，對于視頻曝光一事，澳大利亞吉拉德辦公室矢口否認有外泄過視頻。

澳工黨矛盾公開化

怒罵視頻的**還未完全散去，2月22日，作為澳大利亞外長的陸克文正在訪問美國。凌晨時分，他突然宣布在華盛頓威拉德酒店召開臨時新聞發(fā)布會。發(fā)布會中，陸克文表示，因無法得到總理吉拉德的支持，決定辭去外長職務。

“如果不能得到總理的支持，我不能繼續(xù)擔任外長，所以我必須決定做出一件體面的事情，那就是辭職。”陸克文說道，“在華盛頓而不是澳大利亞做這個（宣布辭職），我感到非常不舒服，但我別無選擇。”

選擇在威拉德酒店發(fā)表辭職言論，陸克文這一舉動顯得別有用心。威拉德酒店數(shù)十年來一直是美國入主白宮的政界人士所青睞的酒店。

美國第32任總統(tǒng)富蘭克林?羅斯福在就職典禮前三天，入住的就是威拉德酒店。該酒店位于14大街和賓夕法尼亞大街交會處，離白宮僅兩個街區(qū)。第16任總統(tǒng)林肯在他的就職典禮之前也曾下榻該酒店，第18任總統(tǒng)格蘭特在到訪白宮接受任命之前也曾在此小住。

“陸克文選擇在威拉德酒店宣布辭去澳大利亞外長的職務，意味著他可能會競選下一屆總理，重啟政治生涯，就如同那位美國總統(tǒng)羅斯福一樣。”《澳大利亞人報》表示。

陸克文高調(diào)的言論，也讓澳大利亞工黨內(nèi)部的斗爭日趨明朗化。面對陸克文的辭職，澳總理吉拉德當天晚些時候也發(fā)表聲明說，陸克文辭職前從來沒向她提過新聞發(fā)布會上說的事情，在他作出決定之前，也沒有告訴她。她對陸克文辭職表達失望，但沒有過多評論。

兩天后，據(jù)英國媒體報道，宣布辭職沒多久的陸克文再度高調(diào)宣布，他將在執(zhí)政黨工黨進行黨魁競選投票時，與吉拉德一決雌雄。

“吉拉德已失去人民信任，而我將在選舉中重拾人民的信任。”陸克文對記者們表示，他呼吁工黨成員們進行“真正的無記名投票”，用選票來證實他和吉拉德究竟誰更受歡迎。他同時表示，如果此次參選黨魁的努力失敗，他將不會再次向吉拉德提出挑戰(zhàn)。吉拉德此前也發(fā)表了類似講話。

“我認為陸克文與吉拉德之爭是澳大利亞執(zhí)政黨工黨內(nèi)部的權(quán)力分配和競爭的反映。”對此，中山大學亞太研究院的喻常森副教授對時代周報記者分析道。在他看來，自2010年6月被副手吉拉德取而代之，并降職擔任澳大利亞外長起，陸吉之爭就有跡象了。

中澳關(guān)系不受沖擊

2007年，陸克文擊敗了澳大利亞前總理約翰?霍華德，成為了澳大利亞總理，當時吉拉德?lián)胃笨偫怼?/p>

然而，由于執(zhí)政期間強力推行碳排放稅和礦產(chǎn)資源稅等原因，陸克文民意大跌，在工黨內(nèi)部遭到了嚴重的反對。

2010年6月，澳大利亞大選前夕，陸克文在工黨內(nèi)部的黨魁位置被自己的副手吉拉德取而代之，吉拉德也成為澳歷史上首任女總理。

同年的8月21日議會大選，吉拉德領(lǐng)導的澳大利亞工黨實現(xiàn)連任，她隨后安排陸克文任外交部長。

“這是一次‘不流血的政變’，也是一次非正常的權(quán)力更替。”對于這次不尋常的權(quán)力交替，喻常森表示。在他看來，包括此前突然曝出陸克文不當言行的視頻，都極有可能是兩人由貌合神離的合作走向公開決裂的一個信號。

“是吉拉德帶領(lǐng)工黨去迎戰(zhàn)自由黨還是陸克文來迎戰(zhàn)，在這兩者中選擇，工黨一半的人可能認為吉拉德領(lǐng)導工黨勝算更大一些，因為吉拉德比陸克文顯得要靈活，不那么死板。”對于吉拉德的獲勝，中國國際問題研究所副所長郭憲剛分析認為。

陸吉之爭已經(jīng)大大影響到工黨的民意走勢。

“無論是吉拉德還是陸克文都搞砸了，最大的受害者就是工黨本身。工黨已經(jīng)向澳大利亞人民證明自己內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)了不可調(diào)和的問題，工黨面臨信任危機。”悉尼大學教授托米表示。她認為，對于澳大利亞選民來說，如果一個政黨無法解決黨內(nèi)問題與矛盾，就更沒有辦法解決好相對復雜的國家事務。

2月27日，澳大利亞民調(diào)機構(gòu)公布的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，盡管工黨的支持率升至12個月以來新高，達到47%，但仍低于反對黨53%的支持率。同時，這項民調(diào)還表明，盡管陸克文沒能在黨內(nèi)贏得支持，但他的民眾支持率卻領(lǐng)先于吉拉德。在受訪者中，53%的人支持陸克文出任總理，而支持吉拉德的人只有34%。

與此同時，盡管是因中文而起的政治**，不過來自澳大利亞政壇的紛爭，并不會影響中澳關(guān)系的主基調(diào)。

“對澳大利亞來說，中國更是它的第一大貿(mào)易伙伴和主要的外來投資方。相比陸克文執(zhí)政時期的政策，吉拉德的對華政策更加理性和務實。但是，礦產(chǎn)資源稅的征收勢必影響到中國在澳大利亞資源部門的投資收入以及增加包括鐵礦石在內(nèi)的資源進口的成本。”喻常森表示。

第五篇：演講文

尊敬的各位領(lǐng)導 各位老師 親愛的同學們：

你們好！

今天，我很高興能作為受助學生代表在這里發(fā)言。首先請允許我代表全體受助同學向伯藜助學基金的代表，向各位領(lǐng)導 老師致以最崇高的敬意和最衷心的感謝！

我，來自一個普通的單親家庭，母親身體殘疾，只能最基本的生活自理，而父親又于2010年因胃癌不治而去世，這使本來就不富裕的家庭更加雪上加霜。幸福的家庭都是相似的，而不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。2013年8月，我考入了江蘇師范大學文學院，可對于我們這樣的家庭來說，憂愁大于欣喜，最終在政府的幫助下，我終于進入了夢寐以求的大學，可大學高昂的生活費對我們這個家庭來說又成了一個難題。我真的很感謝伯藜助學基金會的幫助，感謝他的雪中送炭，讓我在這個寒冷的冬日亦能感受春天的溫暖。而我更要感謝伯藜基金會為我們提供的免費的創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓課，我更為身為陶學子而榮幸之至。

雖然只有為期幾天的創(chuàng)業(yè)培訓課，但我卻受益匪淺，尤其是在最后一天的素質(zhì)拓展課上，我更是收獲良多，他讓我明白團隊的重要性，更讓我理解有時候往往最難的就是踏出第一步，今天的我們能夠突破自我，踏出我們認為最難的第一步，今后的人生

舞臺上我們亦能如此。

寵辱不驚，閑看庭前花開花落，陶爺爺經(jīng)歷了人生的沉浮與輝煌，回到了祖國，創(chuàng)立教育基金會，不僅為我們提供經(jīng)濟幫助，更為我們進行創(chuàng)業(yè)指導，讓我們在未來的道路上更多了選擇。未來的我們亦將用青春感恩使命，用奮斗書寫未來。我們從不是弱者，“止于至善，窮且益堅”，有些事，我們無法改變，那是命！但是我們可以選擇如何面對，那是運！命運總是掌握在我們自己手中的，生活給了我們考驗，我們也絕不向命運低頭！

行動的力量永遠大于言語，我將用自己的行動實現(xiàn)夢想，用自己的行動來感恩，來回報社會。

最后祝伯藜助學金生生不息，祝陶爺爺福如東海長流水，壽比南山不老松！

謝謝大家！