第一篇：雙語對照：哈佛大學新校長勞倫斯·巴科就職演講

雙語對照：哈佛大學新校長勞倫斯·巴科就職演講

Installation Address by Lawrence S.Bacow Cambridge, Massachusetts October 5, 2018 Well, I guess it’s appropriate that I begin with – good afternoon!See, people learn a lot at Harvard!This is truly an astonishing sight, seeing so many of you here in Harvard Yard today.It’s a great reminder that nobody gets anywhere of consequence in this world on his or her own – and that includes becoming president of Harvard.I have been blessed to have people ready to help me at every step of the way, beginning with my parents, who worked hard every day to ensure that I had boundless opportunities.I would not be here today without the love of my life, Adele, who has made my life so meaningful and so rich, and also without my children, from whom I have learned and continue to learn so much.I thank all of my family and my dear friends, who are also my family, for traveling from far and wide to be here.I have been blessed, also, by inspiring teachers and mentors, three of whom I am honored to have with me today – my Harvard dissertation advisors, Mark Moore, Richard Zeckhauser, and Richard Light – to mark it.Thank you for having taught me so well.I would also like to thank my predecessors Drew Faust, Larry Summers, Neil Rudenstine, and Derek Bok for their thoughtful stewardship and leadership of Harvard over the last half century.And I would also like to thank each of them for their excellent and thoughtful advice as I take the helm.A special thanks also to my colleagues from Tufts and from MIT, who taught me how to be a leader in higher education.I guarantee you that there are many people assembled here who pray that you taught me very well!Of course, the Harvard presidency seems to involve some unique hazards – and over its long history, nearly an infinite list of potential missteps.President Langdon, for example, was forced to resign after the students found that his sermons dragged on too long – a great incentive for me to be brief today.President Mather, on the other hand, outraged the entire Harvard community by refusing to move here from Boston, arguing that the air in Cambridge did not agree with him.Fortunately, I like the atmosphere here a lot!Even President Eliot, arguably Harvard’s most successful president, provoked an uproar now and then.He wanted to abolish hockey, basketball, and football, on the grounds that they required teamwork, and, in his mind, Harvard had absolutely no use for that.He also tried over and over again to acquire MIT.Rafael, you can relax.I’ll do my best to avoid all such misadventures.I am deeply honored to assume the leadership of this wonderful institution, and proud that as the nation’s oldest university, Harvard has helped to shape the American system of higher education, which is magnificent in its independence, sweep, and diversity.I am also honored that so many other great institutions are represented here today, and I thank all of my colleagues from all over the country and all over the world for your good wishes – and, frankly, for your support, because this is not an easy moment to assume the leadership of any college or any university.These are challenging times for higher education in America.For the first time in my lifetime, people are actually questioning the value of sending a child to college.For the first time in my lifetime, people are asking whether or not colleges and universities are worthy of public support.For the first time in my lifetime, people are expressing doubts about whether colleges and universities are even good for the nation.These questions force us to ask: What does higher education really contribute to the national life? Unfortunately, more people than we would like to admit believe that universities are not nearly as open to ideas from across the political spectrum as we should be;that we are becoming unaffordable and inaccessible, out of touch with the rest of America;and that we care more about making our institutions great, than about the world better.While there may be – may be – a kernel of truth here, if I believed that these criticisms fundamentally represented who we are, I would not be standing before you today.All of our institutions are striving to make wise choices amidst swirling economic, social, and political currents that often make wisdom difficult to perceive.We need, together, to reaffirm that higher education is a public good worthy of support – and beyond that, a pillar of our democracy that, if dislodged, will change the United States into something fundamentally bleaker and smaller.It’s worth remembering that most of the nation’s founders were first-generation college students.They not only shaped our form of government, they built new universities.Having had their own minds opened and improved by learning, they were certain that government by and for the people requires an educated citizenry.Even at some of the most difficult moments in our national history, our leaders understood that they could strengthen this nation by educating more of our society.Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Act during the dark days of the Civil War, creating land-grant universities to spread useful knowledge across this immense raw continent.And President Franklin Roosevelt signed the G.I.Bill just two weeks after D-Day, making a college education one of the prime rewards for national service, and sending vast numbers of less-privileged Americans to college for the very first time.Every such expansion of higher education, every move towards openness to those previously excluded, has brought the United States closer to the ideal of equality and opportunity for all.So higher education has not only supported our democracy, but, in some sense, it has created it – and we are nowhere near done.My friend Drew Faust has often wished for Harvard that it be as good as it is great.To me, the goodness of Harvard – and all of our universities – lies in the three essential values we represent: truth, or, as we say here, veritas;excellence;and opportunity.Today, we have to embody and defend truth, excellence, and opportunity more than ever.We do this not to stave off our critics, but because these are the values that made our nation great.As we consider truth, clearly, we’ve come a long way from the days when our colleague United States Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan said, “Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.”

Now that technology has disintermediated the editorial function, allowing anybody to publish his or her own view of events, our fragmented media struggle to make the distinction between opinion and facts.The result, often, is a feverish diffusion of rumor, fantasy, and emotion unconstrained by reason or reality.And it is precisely because we find ourselves in this post-factual world that strong colleges and universities are essential.Given the necessity today of thinking critically and differentiating the signal from the noise, a broad liberal education has never been more important.It is our responsibility to educate [to] students to be discerning consumers of news and arguments, and to become sources of truth and wisdom themselves.Of course, facts and truth are not the same.Facts are incontrovertible, or at least they should be, whereas truth has to be discovered, revealed through argument and experiment, tested on the anvil of opposing explanations and ideas.This is precisely the function of a great university, where scholars debate and marshal evidence in support of their theories, as they strive to understand and explain our world.This search for truth has always required courage, both in the sciences, where those who seek to shift paradigms have often initially met with ridicule, banishment, and worse, and in the social sciences, arts, and humanities, where scholars have often had to defend their ideas from political attacks on all sides.Now, there are both reassuring truths and unsettling truths, and great universities must embrace them both.Throughout human history, the people who have done the most to change the world have been the ones who have challenged and overturned conventional wisdom, so we should not be afraid to welcome into our communities those who challenge our thinking.In other words, our search for truth must inextricably be bound up with a commitment to freedom of speech and freedom of expression.At Harvard, our alumni span the political and philosophical spectrum, including those who have served in the White House, in the Congress, on the Supreme Court, and in comparable positions throughout the world.Here in Harvard Yard, we must embrace diversity in every possible dimension, because as Governor Baker has said so eloquently, we learn from our differences – and that includes ideological diversity.As faculty, it is up to us to challenge our students by offering them a steady diet of new ideas to expand their own thinking – and by helping them to appreciate that they can gain much from listening to others, especially those with whom they disagree.We need to teach them to be quick to understand, and slow to judge.Let me say that again: We need to teach our students to be quick to understand, and slow to judge.And as faculty, we owe that duty to each other, as well.To paraphrase the great theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, it’s always wise to look for the truth in our opponents’ error, and the error in our own truth.At Harvard, we must strive to model the behavior we hope to see elsewhere.For if we can’t talk about the issues that divide us here, on this extraordinarily beautiful campus, where everyone is smart and engaged, where the freedom to speak one’s mind is one of our defining precepts, where we are blessed with abundant resources and no one goes to sleep in fear of his or her life – if we can’t do that here, there is no hope for the rest of the world.At the same time, we should not apologize for standing for excellence in everything we do.Harvard is synonymous with excellence.We scour the world for students and faculty prepared to demonstrate brilliance in our classrooms, our laboratories, on our playing fields and performance stages, and out in the community striving to make a difference.Our commitment to excellence should never be interpreted as an embrace of elitism.The excellence we represent is not a birthright.It is not something inherited by those born privileged – or even by those born with great aptitude.It is defined by more than numbers, and it encompasses spark and imagination, grit and determination.The excellence we stand for is only achieved through tireless pursuit.Scholarship is about charging down dark alleys, accepting disappointment, and setting off again.It is messy and laborious by definition.Much as we love to celebrate the “Eureka!” moments in our society, they are generally preceded by years of early mornings and late nights.We need to remind the nation of the degree to which America’s greatness depends upon this commitment to excellence – and the fact that supporting excellence at college and university campuses does not run counter to the best interests of those who feel left behind by our society.Indeed, it is scholars here and elsewhere who have sounded the alarm about increasing income inequality and declining social mobility in the United States, and whose ideas will help us become the just society we hope to be.The research we pursue in all fields helps to generate new knowledge, new connections, and new insights into the human condition.We work to understand the origins of life, but also the meaning of life.We explore the molecular code that makes us human, and the culture that is equally essential to our humanity.Long after the technologies of today are obsolete, people will still be reading Shakespeare and Gabriel García Márquez;listening to Mozart, Bob Dylan, and the late, great Aretha Franklin from my hometown of Detroit;and contemplating the great questions that have motivated philosophers and poets for millennia.For it is our art, our literature, our music, and our architecture which are among the most enduring artifacts of human endeavor.As the nation’s oldest institution of higher learning, Harvard has a special responsibility to champion intellectual traditions that have defined educated men and women since the dawn of civilization.We do more than deliver a body of knowledge to our students – we expand their humanity.By teaching young people to appreciate what is beautiful in art, society, and nature, we help them to discover what makes life truly worth living.Of course, none of our institutions can afford to be complacent about our excellence.We have competitors around the world, supported by governments that understand that the swiftest route to a thriving economy runs through university laboratories, libraries, and classrooms.Whether our colleges and universities are public or private, we all rely upon the generosity of the American people, who contribute both to research and financial aid.We are excellent because of them, and we must endeavor to deserve their support.So it’s up to us to remember, always, our collective obligation to the public good.Since Harvard’s founding in 1636, the people educated here have responded patriotically to the call of service.With the exception of the service academies, more Harvard alumni have received the Congressional Medal of Honor than any other school.Harvard people have always vigorously engaged in the great issues of their day, and at this very moment, 68 of our alumni are running for Congress, on both sides of the aisle.And our alumni throughout the world are also working to strengthen their nations.We need to ensure that future generations continue to serve the greater good in a variety of ways.It is my hope that every Harvard graduate, in every profession, should be an active, engaged, enlightened citizen.So I am pleased to announce today we will work toward raising the resources so we can guarantee every undergraduate who wants one a public-service internship of some kind – an opportunity to see the world…thank you…we want our students to have an opportunity to see the world more expansively, and to discover their own powers to repair that world.Of course, we cannot achieve excellence if we are only drawing talent from a small portion of society, so our colleges and universities must also stand for opportunity.In the broadest sense, we are all indeed created equal: Talent is flatly distributed.But sadly, opportunity is not.Throughout our history, higher education has enabled the most ambitious among us to rise economically and socially.And every step this nation has taken to print more such tickets into the middle class, and beyond, has powered our economic growth and leadership in innovation.We have to ensure that higher education remains the same economic stepping-stone for those from modest backgrounds that it was for my generation and my parents’ generation.While a college education still helps to level the playing field for those who manage to graduate, the cost of entry, and of staying the course until graduation, has become daunting for many families.This is why Harvard’s groundbreaking Financial Aid Initiative, started by Larry Summers and expanded by Drew Faust, is so important.We simply say to low-and middle-income families with earnings below a certain level, “You can send your child to Harvard and we will ask you to pay nothing.” Largely because of this, 268 members of this year’s first-year class are the first in their generation to attend college.Clearly, however, Harvard cannot keep the American Dream alive single-handedly.Our nation’s magnificent public colleges and universities, where four out of five American students are educated, are key.But state appropriations are funding a diminishing share of the cost of that education, so tuition and student debt are rising.This trend is not sustainable.In failing to adequately support public higher education, we are literally mortgaging our own future.At a time in which other countries are investing more in support of higher education, we as a nation cannot afford to invest less.As higher education leaders, we also need to do what we can do to bend the cost curve.Higher education is one of the few industries where competition tends to drive costs up, not down.It’s time to stop this arms race, and to consider the benefits of greater cooperation.These can include shared infrastructure for research, joint graduate student and faculty housing, or exchanges that allow us to eliminate some of the redundancies in our curricula and to double down on our specific strengths.I look forward to working with my colleagues at Boston-area institutions to explore how we can collectively do a better job of serving both our students and society.We also have to explore the opportunities offered by technology to improve productivity and access.I am proud that Harvard, in partnership with our colleagues at MIT, has been a leader in opening up educational opportunities to talented students throughout the world through edX.In turn, these students have us offered new insights into the science of learning.As college and university presidents, we also need to be much franker in framing the choices our institutions make, so as to reveal their true consequences in terms of cost.Traditionally, colleges and universities have been great at doing more with more.But in the future, we may have to do more with less.At the same time, it’s our responsibility to counter any current myths about the value of higher education and to continue telling children, in every corner of this nation and the world, the simple truth: that if they want to get ahead, education is the vehicle that will bring them there.College has enabled the American Dream for so many of us – and we must nurture and sustain that dream for generations to come.My parents came to this country with virtually nothing.My father arrived here as a child, a refugee escaping the pogroms of Eastern Europe.My mother survived Auschwitz as a teenager, lived without bitterness, and always was grateful that America was so good to her.This is a common story – this is America’s story.With the exception of Native Americans and the descendants of those enslaved or brought here against their will, most of us can trace our origins back to people who, like my parents, came to these shores seeking freedom and opportunity, and a better life for their children.And many continue to make this journey today, despite enormous risks.It’s certainly one measure of a just society how well we treat the least powerful among us.But beyond goodness…but beyond goodness, we must make the case for common sense: that failing to welcome talented students and scholars from around the world is to undercut America’s intellectual and economic leadership.In this global economy, financial capital moves at the speed of light, and natural resources also move swiftly.The only truly scarce capital is human and intellectual capital.That is what a nation must aggregate and nurture, if it intends to be prosperous.Fortunately, many of the best and the brightest from around the world seek to study at America’s great colleges and universities.In engineering, mathematics, and computer science, over half the doctorates awarded each year are granted to foreign nationals.Many of these students return home with their sights raised, and go on to build thriving companies and institutions of higher learning;to fight poverty, and disease, and climate change throughout the world;and to lead their own nations towards goodness and greatness.But a considerable number of these international students will do everything possible to stay right here.Rather than turn them away, we should embrace these extraordinary people.Over a third of our faculty…over a third of our faculty were born someplace else.Over a third of the Nobel Prizes awarded to Americans in chemistry, medicine, and physics since 2000 have gone to men and women who were foreign-born.Over 40 percent of the Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children.America has to continue welcoming those who seek freedom and opportunity, lest we shut the door to the next generation of great entrepreneurs, scholars, public leaders – and, dare I say, university presidents – for it is immigrants that get things done, as Lin-Manuel Miranda said so brilliantly in “Hamilton.”

I hope that all of us in higher education remain true to our essential values – to truth, excellence, and opportunity.But I hope, as well, that in remaining true to them, we advance those values in the world at large.It’s not enough that we represent the very best of society, in terms of intellectual achievement, freedom to express and explore, and openness to extraordinary potential in all who possess it.We must defend the essential role of higher education in the life of our nation and the broader world.And we must reach outwards even beyond that.We have a responsibility – we have a responsibility – to use the immense resources entrusted to us – our assets, ideas, and people – to address difficult problems and painful divisions.We have a responsibility, as well, to help America remember its own essential goodness: the kindness, decency, and integrity of our founding principles, as well as the kindness, decency, and integrity of those people who have fought throughout our history to ensure that these principles apply equally to all.It is up to us to leave our country and our world a better place tomorrow than it is today.That is where true greatness lies.I am honored to be able to work alongside each and every one of you to reach such greatness.I am thankful for this opportunity to lead Harvard, which made me better, and which I think makes everyone better – spurring all of us to summit mountains that we never imagined we could climb.Today, I am inspired by the beauty of our mission, our history, and our values, by the power of our ambition, talent, and goodwill, and by the infinite possibilities before us, to use our strengths to help humanity as a whole to ascend.It is a very great privilege to seize those possibilities with you, and I am delighted to begin.Thank you.哈佛新校長勞倫斯·巴考就職演講全文（中文）

（2018年10月5日）大家下午好！

人們在哈佛大學學到了很多東西！

今天的哈佛廣場，沒想到能在這里看到你們這么多人。一個很好的警示是，單靠自己，我們無法到達這個世界的任何地方——包括成為哈佛大學校長。

我很幸運，在前進的每一步中都得到人們的幫助。首先是我的父母，他們每天努力工作，使我獲得廣闊的機會；我的愛人Adele，她讓我的生活充滿意義、豐富多彩；還有我的孩子們，從他們身上我學到了很多，并且將持續學到更多的東西。如果沒有他們，我今天就不會站在這里。

感謝我的所有家人和像家人一樣的朋友們，感謝他們從各處趕來參加我的就職演說。我也很幸運有著一直鼓舞我向前的老師和導師們，很榮幸今天有三位與我同在這里——我在哈佛的論文導師Mark Moore，Richard Zeckhauser和Richard Light。謝謝你們教給我如此多的東西。

我還要感謝我的前任校長們：Drew Faust，Larry Summers，Neil Rudenstine和Derek Bok，感謝他們在過去半個世紀的運籌帷幄。我同時還要感謝他們在我任職時給出的出色建議。

除此之外，我還要特別感謝塔夫茨大學（Tufts）和麻省理工學院（MIT）的同事們，他們教我如何成為高等教育領域里的領導者。我向你們保證，今天聚集在這里的很多人都在祈禱，希望你們把我教得很好！

當然，哈佛大學的校長們在任期內似乎也總會卷入到一些獨特的危險——而且在其悠久的歷史中，有著幾乎無數的犯錯的可能。

例如，Langdon校長由于學生反映其演講拖延太久而被迫辭職，所以今天我會盡量做到簡短。

再如，Mather校長認為劍橋的空氣不適合他，拒絕從波士頓搬到劍橋（編者注：哈佛大學所在地）而激怒了整個哈佛社區。幸運的是，我很喜歡這里的空氣！

即使是Eliot校長，可以說是哈佛大學最成功的校長，他的行為偶爾也會引發軒然大波。他曾經想要取消曲棍球，籃球和足球等團體運動項目，因為在他看來，哈佛絕不需要這些。他還曾一次又一次試圖吞并麻省理工學院（MIT）。

Rafael（編者注：麻省理工學院現任校長），你可以放松，我會盡力避免所有這些不幸遭遇。

我很榮幸能夠擔任這個偉大機構的領導，并為能夠在這所美國最古老的大學服務而感到自豪。哈佛的教育體系在獨立性，多樣性和影響力方面表現出色，同時幫助塑造了美國的高等教育體系。

今天十分榮幸能夠在哈佛迎來很多其他偉大教育機構的代表，同時也要感謝來自全國以及全世界的所有同事們的祝愿與支持，坦白來講，領導任何一個學院或大學從來都不是一件容易的事情。

美國的高等教育正面臨著諸多挑戰。在我的有生之年，人們第一次質疑送孩子上大學的價值。

也是第一次，人們開始質疑學院和大學是否值得公眾的支持。第一次，人們對大學是否對國家有益表示懷疑。

這些問題迫使我們思考：高等教育對國家生活究竟有什么樣的貢獻？

不幸的是，我們也許不愿承認，很多人認為，大學對各種政治派別的思想并沒有做到應有的開放；同時大學變得不可承受，進入很難，與美國的其他部分失去了聯系；他們還認為，我們似乎更關心如何讓我們的機構變得更好，而不是讓世界變得更加美好。

然而這里可能，或者有一個真理的核心：如果我相信這些批評從根本上代表了我們是誰，我今天就不會站在你們面前。我們所有的機構都努力在經濟、社會和政治的漩渦中作出明智的選擇，盡管這些智慧難以為外人道也。

我們在這里需要共同重申，高等教育是一種值得支持的公共利益，是美國民主的重要支柱。如果高等教育體系被放棄，美國將會從根本上變得更加黯淡、次要。

值得銘記的是，美國的大多數創始人是第一代大學生。他們不僅塑造了我們的政府形式，還建立了新的大學。如果不是他們的思想通過學習得到了開啟和提升，他們就不會確信政府和人民需要受過良好教育的公民。

即使在我們國家歷史上最困難的時刻，我們的領導人也明白，他們可以通過教育更多的社會公眾來增強國力。亞伯拉罕·林肯（Abraham Lincoln）在內戰的黑暗時期簽署了莫里爾法案（Morrill Act），創建了贈地大學，在這個廣袤的原始大陸上傳播有用的知識。

富蘭克林·羅斯福（Franklin Roosevelt）總統在諾曼底登陸僅僅兩周后就簽署了美國軍人權力法案（G.I.Bill），將大學教育作為為國家服務的主要獎勵之一，并首次將大量非特權階級的美國人送入大學。

每一次高等教育的擴張，每一個對以前被排除在外的人的開放舉措，都使美國更接近人人享有平等和機會的理想狀態。

因此，高等教育不僅支撐著我們的民主，而且在某種意義上創造了它——而且，我們與理想還相距甚遠。

我的朋友德魯·福斯特（Drew Faust）經常希望哈佛大學能夠做到最好。而對我來說，哈佛大學和我們所有大學的優點在于我們所代表的三個基本價值觀念：truth（真理），或者按照哈佛大學的說法，veritas（真理）；卓越；和機會。

今天，我們必須比以往任何時候都更好地體現和捍衛真理，卓越和機會。我們這樣做不是為了避開批評者的攻擊，而是因為這些觀念是使我們國家變得偉大。

我們的同事、美國參議員Daniel Patrick Moynihan曾說過：“每個人都有權發表自己的意見，但不是他自己認定的事實。”當我們考慮真理時，顯然，我們距此已經又走了很長一段路。既然技術已經消解了編輯的功能，允許任何人發表自己對事件的觀點，我們碎片化的媒體只能用力區隔開觀點和事實。結果往往是不受理性或事實控制的謠言、幻想和情緒的瘋狂擴散。

正是因為我們發現自己身處一個“后真相”（post-factual）的世界，強大的大學教育才更加必不可少。

鑒于今天對批判思考以及區分信號和噪音的能力的需求，廣泛的人文教育變得尤為重要。我們有責任教育學生成為有眼力的新聞和爭論的鑒別者，并讓他們自己成為真理和智慧的來源。

當然，事實和真理并不相同。事實是無可爭議的，至少應當是無可爭議的，而真理必須通過論證和實驗來發現和揭示，并與對立的解釋和想法充分討論驗證。這正是一所偉大的大學提供的功能，學者在努力理解和解釋我們的世界的過程中，通過辯論和調配證據來支持他們的理論。

這種對真理的追求始終需要勇氣，無論是在自然科學還是社會科學人文學科中。在自然科學中尋求范式轉變的人最初經常遭到嘲笑，甚至排擠；而在社會科學和人文學科中，學者們為了捍衛他們的想法經常不得不受到各種政治力量的攻擊。

真理既可以令人心安也可以令人感到不安，偉大的大學機構必須同時擁抱二者。在整個人類歷史中，那些為改變世界做出最大努力的人往往是推翻傳統智慧的人，所以我們不應畏懼歡迎挑戰我們傳統思維的那些人進入我們的社區。

換句話說，我們對真理的追求必須與對言論和表達自由的承諾緊密相連。

哈佛大學的校友跨越了政治和哲學的各個領域，其中一些曾在白宮、國會、最高法院任職，曾在世界各地相似的位置任職。在哈佛大學，我們必須擁抱各個維度的多樣性，正如Baker州長所說，我們從差異中學習，包括意識形態的多樣性。

作為教師，我們有責任挑戰學生，使他們時時補充新思想，擴展他們的思維，并幫助他們認識到通過傾聽他人，特別是意見不同者，可以獲益良多。我們需要教會他們快理解、慢判斷。

讓我再重申一遍：我們需要教導我們的學生快速理解，慢做判斷。作為教師，我們對彼此也應盡到這一責任。

請允許我轉述偉大的神學家萊因霍爾德·尼布爾（Reinhold Niebuhr）的一句忠告，智者在對手的錯誤中尋找真理，在自己的真理中尋找錯誤。

在哈佛，我們必須努力作出榜樣。在座的每一位都很聰明和敬業，在這里，言論自由是我們的準則之一，我們擁有豐富的資源和免于在恐懼中入睡的良好環境。如果在哈佛的校園里都無法探討那些分裂我們的問題，那么世界其他地方便會更沒有希望。

與此同時，我們不應為我們事事卓越而抱歉。哈佛就是卓越的同義詞。

我們在全世界搜尋優秀的學生和教師，他們愿意在我們的教室、實驗室、運動場和表演舞臺彰顯才華，并在社區中努力發揮重要作用。

我們對卓越的承諾永遠不應被解釋為對精英主義的擁抱。我們所代表的卓越不是與生俱來的特權。它不是由那些天生的特權者繼承的東西，甚至不是那些天賦異稟的人所繼承的內容。卓越不僅僅是由數字定義，它同時還包含著靈感和想象，毅力和決心。

我們所追求的卓越只有通過不懈的追求才能實現。學術成就好似沖入黑暗的甬道，不斷接受失望，并再次出發。它無疑是混亂和費力的。我們喜歡慶祝“尤里卡！”的時刻，而這些瞬間誕生于長年累月的早出晚歸之后。

我們在這里需要說明，美國的偉大取決于人們對卓越的承諾；以及大學教育對卓越的承諾和支持并不違背那些被社會遺忘的人的利益。

事實上，哈佛和其他地方的學者已經對美國加劇的收入不平等和下降的社會流動性發出了警告，他們致力于將我們的社會塑造成我們所希望的公正社會。

我們在所有領域進行的研究有助于產生新的知識，新的聯系以及對人類狀況的新見解。我們不止努力了解生命的起源，我們也思考生命的意義。我們探索使我們成為人類的分子密碼，以及對我們人類同樣重要的文化。

當今天的技術過時很久之后，人們仍然會閱讀莎士比亞（Shakespeare）和加西亞·馬爾克斯（Gabriel García Márquez）；仍然會聆聽莫扎特，鮑勃迪倫和來自我的家鄉底特律、已故的偉大的艾瑞莎·富蘭克林（Aretha Franklin）；仍然會思考幾千年來激發哲學家和詩人們思考過的偉大問題。藝術、文學、音樂和建筑是人類歷史中創造過的最持久的財富。作為美國歷史最為悠久的高等教育機構，哈佛大學負有特殊的責任，去捍衛自文明崛起以來便定義了受過教育的人們的知識傳統。

我們所做的不僅僅是為學生提供系列知識，我們同時在豐富他們的人性。通過教導年輕人欣賞藝術、社會和自然的美好，我們幫助他們發現真正值得過的生活。

當然，我們不能自滿于所取得的卓越。我們在世界各地都存在由其政府支持的競爭對手，這些政府明白，通往經濟繁榮最快捷的路線貫穿于大學的實驗室，圖書館和教室里。

無論我們的大學是公立的還是私立的，我們都依賴于美國人民的慷慨，他們為研究和經濟援助做出了貢獻。因為他們，我們才得以優秀，所以我們必須要努力以回饋他們的支持。我們始終要記住自己對公共利益的義務。

哈佛大學于1636年成立以來，它所教育的人們便一直在為國家做出貢獻。他們不僅服務于學術領域，獲得的國會榮譽勛章（Congressional Medal of Honor）的人數也超過任何一所學校。哈佛人一直積極參與各個時期的重大問題，而就在此時此刻，我們的校友中有68位正在為國會效力。除此之外，我們還有更多的校友在世界各地工作，為振興他們的國家而作出努力。

我們需要確保后代繼續以各種方式為更大的利益服務。我希望每個哈佛大學的畢業生都應該成為積極，開明，敬業的公民。所以今天我很高興地宣布，我們將致力于籌集各方資源，以便保證每個希望獲得某種公共服務的本科生獲得實習的機會，由此有機會接觸到更廣闊的世界，并發現自己服務于世界的能力。

當然，如果我們只從社會的一小部分吸納人才，我們就無法實現卓越。所以，我們的大學也必須為社會的各個角落提供機會。

從最廣泛的意義上講，人人確實生而平等的：人的才能是均勻分布的。遺憾的是，機會并不如此。

縱觀歷史，高等教育使我們中最具雄心的人，提升他們的經濟和社會地位。國家所采取的眾多舉措，都是作用于中產階級以及更高的階層，使他們提升經濟和社會地位，即使它們推動了美國的經濟增長，并使美國處于創新領域的領導地位。

我們必須確保高等教育仍然是較低收入家庭提升經濟地位的大門，正如我和我父母那一代時一樣。現在，盡管大學教育仍然能幫助畢業生獲得更好的發展環境，但入學費用以及持續到畢業所需要的花銷，讓許多家庭望而生畏。

這就是為什么哈佛大學的資金援助計劃「由拉里·薩默斯（Larry Summers）創辦，并由德魯·福斯特（Drew Faust）擴展」如此重要。我們告訴低于一定水平的低收入和中等收入家庭：“你們可以將孩子送到哈佛，并且不用支付學費。”很大程度上，正是因為這項計劃，今年新生中有268名同學，是家里的第一個大學生。

然而，顯然，哈佛不能單槍匹馬地讓美國夢繼續下去。

五分之四的美國學生在公立學院和公立大學接受教育，這些優秀的公立大學至關重要。然而，國家對教育的撥款在不斷減少，使得學費和學生債務不斷增加。這種趨勢會使教育系統無法持續。如果不能充分地支持公立高等教育，我們實際上是在典當自己的未來。在其他國家保持增加對高等教育的支持時，我們無法承擔減少投資帶來的后果。

作為高等教育領導者，我們還需要努力減少教育成本。高等教育是少有的幾個競爭刺激價格增長的產業。是時候停止這場軍備競賽，考慮加強合作的好處了。

首先，我們可以共享研究基礎設施，聯合培養研究生并聯合為教師提供住房。我們也可以通過交換合作，以消除課程中冗余的部分，并加強我們特定優勢。我十分期待能與波士頓地區的機構合作，以探索出服務學生和社會的更好方案。

我們還必須利用技術，提升大學教育的效率和普及程度。我很自豪在與麻省理工學院的合作項目中，哈佛通過edX為全世界有才華的學生提供了教育機會，成為世界開放教育資源的領導者。同時，通過edX，我們也對學習之道有了新的見解。

作為校長，我們需要更坦誠地規劃我們的各組織所做的決策，以披露它們的真正成本。傳統上，學校院所的資源越多，產出就越多。但未來，我們需要學會用更少的資源，做更多的事情。

與此同時，我們有責任反駁關于高等教育價值的錯誤觀念，并繼續告訴在這個國家和世界各角落的孩子們一個簡單的事實：如果他們想要進步，教育才是將實現夢想的途徑。

大學幫我們這么多人實現了美國夢 —— 我們也因此必須保護子孫后代的夢想。

我的父母來到這個國家時，幾乎身無分文地。我父親到達美國時，還是一個剛剛逃離東歐大屠殺的難民小男孩，而我的母親則是從奧斯維辛集中營中幸存下來的少女，她從來沒有認為生活是苦澀的，反而時常感恩美國為她提供的一切。

這是一個常見的故事，屬于美國的故事。除了美洲原住民以及那些由于奴隸貿易而被被迫帶到這里的人的后代之外，我們大多數人都可以追溯到那些像我的父母一樣，來到這片海岸尋求自由和機會的人們，為他們和后代尋求更美好生活的人們。盡管現在移民活動存在著巨大的風險，仍有許多人在繼續這一旅程。

我們如何善待我們中間最弱勢的人，是一個社會是否公正的重要衡量標準。但是，除了善良，我們還需要清楚地認識到：拒絕來自世界各地的優秀學生和學者，將削弱美國的知識和經濟領導力。

在當今全球經濟中，金融資本快速運轉，自然資源也可以迅速轉移。唯一真正稀缺的資本是人力和智力資本。如果一個國家想要繁榮，那么人力資本就是一個國家必須聚集和培育的東西。

幸運的是，來自世界各地的許多最優秀和最聰明的人都在尋求到美國讀書的機會。在工程、數學和計算機科學領域，每年超過一半的博士學位都被授予給外國公民。這些學生中的許多人，將帶著收獲的知識回到故鄉，建立蓬勃發展的公司，或著建立能提供更好教學的機構；或是在全世界與貧困、疾病和氣候變化作斗爭；或是引導他們的國家走向強大。

但是，相當多的國際學生將盡一切可能留在這里。我們應該擁抱而非拒絕這些優秀的人。在哈佛，超過三分之一的教師出生于其他國家。2000年以來，三分之一的美國籍諾貝爾獎獲得者也出生于其他國家。除此之外，在美國，超過40%的500強企業是由移民或其子女創立。

美國必須繼續歡迎那些尋求自由和機會的人，以免我們失去下一代偉大的企業家，學者，公共領域的領導人——還有大學校長——正如Lin-Manuel Miranda在“漢密爾頓”（Hamilton）中所唱，是移民建設了這個國家。

我希望所有在高等教育耕耘的人，都忠于我們的基本價值觀 —— 真理，卓越和機會。我也希望，除了忠于它們之外，我們還可以在世界上推廣這些價值觀念。

僅僅在知識成就、表達及探索的自由、對有人才的開放這些方面代表社會最好的一面是不夠的。我們必須捍衛高等教育在美國和其他國家的重要位置。我們甚至要將其擴展到更廣闊的地方。

我們有責任使用我們擁有的巨大資源——我們的資產，想法和人才——來解決困難和分歧。

我們也有責任幫助美國牢記自己本質上的善好：建國基本原則所包含的善良、體面和正直；先輩們為了所有人能平等享受這些原則，不斷抗爭，所體現出的善良，體面和正直。

我們能決定是否讓國家的明天和世界的明天比今天更好。這是真正的偉大所在。

我很榮幸，能夠與各位一同努力實現這種偉大。我很感謝這個領導哈佛大學的機會，這讓我變得更好。我也相信，這會讓在座的每一位變得更好 ——它激勵我們一起去攀爬那些從未想象過的高峰。

今天，我被我們的使命、我們的歷史和我們所擁護的價值觀所激勵；被我們的雄心、我們的才能、善意的力量，以及擺放在我們面前的無限可能性所激勵。我們應該使用我們的優勢，幫助整個人類得到提升。

很榮幸能夠與在座的各位把握這些可能性，我很樂意開始這趟新的旅途。謝謝。

第二篇：特蕾莎梅接任英國首相就職演講全文(雙語對照)

特蕾莎梅接任英國首相就職演講全文

（雙語對照）

I have just been to Buckingham Palace, where Her Majesty the Queen has asked me to form a new government, and I accepted.我剛從白金漢宮回來，女王陛下請我組建一個新政府，我答應了。In David Cameron, I follow in the footsteps of a great, modern Prime Minister.Under David’s leadership, the government stabilized the economy, reduced the budget deficit, and helped more people into work than ever before.我將效法大衛·卡梅倫，做一個偉大而開明的首相。在大衛的領導下，政府穩定了經濟，減少了財政赤字，而且還前所未有的增加了就業。

But David’s true legacy is not about the economy but about social justice.From the introduction of same-sex marriage, to taking people on low wages out of income tax altogether;David Cameron has led a one-nation government, and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.但是大衛真正的貢獻不在于經濟，而在于社會正義。無論是同性婚姻立法，還是全面免除低收入者的所得稅，大衛·卡梅倫領導的是一個統一的政府，而這也正是我將要秉持的精神。Because not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party, and that word ‘unionist’ is very important to me.并非眾人皆知，我的黨派全名是保守與統一黨，而其中的“統一”二字對我而言尤其重要。

It means we believe in the Union: the precious, precious bond between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.But it means something else that is just as important;it means we believe in a union not just between the nations of the United Kingdom but between all of our citizens, every one of us, whoever we are and wherever we’re from.這兩個字意味著我們對“統一”的信念——英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士、北愛爾蘭之間極其珍貴的聯合。不過除此之外它還有更深一層的意思，而這層意思同樣重要，那就是除了英國各地之間的聯合，還要所有公民之間的聯合，無論出身、無論籍貫。That means fighting against the burning injustice that, if you’re born poor, you will die on average 9 years earlier than others.這種聯合還意味著我們要與社會上的不公做斗爭：如果你出身貧寒，你就比其他人少活9年；

If you’re black, you’re treated more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you’re white.如果你是黑人，那么你在刑事司法體系中的待遇會比白人嚴厲； If you’re a white, working-class boy, you’re less likely than anybody else in Britain to go to university.如果你出身白人自工薪家庭，那你上大學的幾率就比別人少； If you’re at a state school, you’re less likely to reach the top professions than if you’re educated privately.如果你上的是公立學校，那你從事高端職業的幾率就比上私立學校的人小。

If you’re a woman, you will earn less than a man.If you suffer from mental health problems, there’s not enough help to hand.如果你是女人，你掙得比男人少；如果你受心理健康問題所苦，得不到足夠的幫助；

If you’re young, you’ll find it harder than ever before to own your own home.如果你是年輕人，你獲得自己住房的難度將比以往都大。But the mission to make Britain a country that works for everyone means more than fighting these injustices.If you’re from an ordinary working class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realise.You have a job but you don’t always have job security.You have your own home, but you worry about paying a mortgage.You can just about manage but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.不過，我們的使命是使英國成為一個適合所有人的國家，并非僅限于反對這些不公。如果你來自一個工薪家庭，你的生活會比國會議員們所知的更難。你有工作，但你的工作并不穩定。你有自 己的住房，但是你會被住房貸款所困。你能勉強維持生計，但是你很擔憂自己能否將孩子送進一所好學校。

If you’re one of those families, if you’re just managing, I want to address you directly.如果你屬于這樣的家庭，你的生活捉襟見肘，我想告訴你們： I know you’re working around the clock, I know you’re doing your best, and I know that sometimes life can be a struggle.The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of the privileged few, but by yours.我知道你們整日奔波忙碌，我知道你們拼盡全力，而且我也知道有時候生活非常艱難。我所領導的政府，將不會被特權人士的利益所驅使，而是為你們的利益而服務。

We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives.When we take the big calls, we’ll think not of the powerful, but you.When we pass new laws, we’ll listen not to the mighty but to you.When it comes to taxes, we’ll prioritise not the wealthy, but you.When it comes to opportunity, we won’t entrench the advantages of the fortunate few.We will do everything we can to help anybody, whatever your background, to go as far as your talents will take you.我們將竭盡所能讓你們更多地能掌控自己的生活。在做重大決策的時候，我們考慮的不會是權貴，而是你們。當我們出臺法律的 時候，我們所聽取的不是有權有勢的聲音，而是你們的建議。當我們討論稅收問題的時候，我們將把你們利益放在首位而不是那些富人。當機會來臨的時候，我們不會只保障那極少數的利益。我們將盡自己所能來幫助所有人，無論這個人的背景為何，施展他們的才華。

We are living through an important moment in our country’s history.Following the referendum, we face a time of great national change.我們正在經歷這個國家歷史上一個重要的時刻。在公投之后，我們的國家正在面臨重大的變革。

And I know because we’re Great Britain, that we will rise to the challenge.As we leave the European Union, we will forge a bold new positive role for ourselves in the world, and we will make Britain a country that works not for a privileged few, but for every one of us.而且我知道，作為大不列顛人，所以我們定會直面挑戰。在離開歐盟之后，我們會為自己在世界上打造一個嶄新而勇敢的正面形象，而且我們將會使英國成為一個所有人的，而非少數特權人士的國家。

That will be the mission of the government I lead, and together we will build a better Britain.這將是我所領導的政府的使命，我們將共同建設一個更加美好的英國。

第三篇：【雙語】英國新首相“新鐵娘子”特雷莎183;梅就職演講全文

【雙語】英國新首相“新鐵娘子”特雷莎·梅就職演講

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當地時間13日，特蕾莎·梅在唐寧街10號發表就職演講，正式接任英國首相，成為英國史上第二位女首相。在演講中她稱，脫歐使英國面臨著重大改變，但她相信英國將“迎難而上”，她的使命是“建設一個更美好的英國”。Statement from the New Prime Minister Theresa MayI have just been to Buckingham Palace where Her Majesty the Queen has asked me to form a new government, and I accepted.我剛去過白金漢宮，女王陛下要我組建新政府，我接受了。

In David Cameron, I follow in the footsteps of a great, modern prime minister.Under David's leadership, the government stabilized the economy, reduced the budget deficit, and helped more people into work than ever before.我沿戴維·卡梅倫的足跡前行，他是一位偉大、現代的首相。在卡梅倫的領導下，政府穩定了經濟，降低了財政赤字，幫助比以往更多的人找到工作。

But David's true legacy is not about the economy, but about social justice.From the introduction of same-sex marriage, to taking people on low wages out of income tax altogether.但戴維真正的遺產并非搞經濟，而是社會公正。他認可同性婚姻，讓低收入人群徹底免交所得稅。

David Cameron has led a one nation government and it is in that spirit that I also plan to lead.Because not everybody knows this, but the full title of my party is the Conservative and Unionist Party.And that word Unionist is very important to me.It means we believe in the Union.That precious, precious bond betweenEngland, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.卡梅倫領導了一國政府，我將本著這種精神執政。不是所有人都清楚，我所在的黨的全稱是保守和統一黨。統一一詞對我而言至關重要。這表明我相信統一，這是英格蘭、蘇格蘭、威爾士和北愛爾蘭之間十分珍貴的結合。

But it means something else that is just as important.It means that we believe in a Union not just of the nations of the United Kingdom, but between all of our citizens.Every one of us, whoever we are and wherever we are from.可它還意味著同樣重要的東西，它意味著我們不僅相信聯合王國的統一，還相信所有公民的統一，每個人，不論我們是誰，我們從哪里來。That means fighting against the burning injustice that if you are born poor, you will die on average nine years earlier than others.If you're black, you're treated more harshly by the criminal justice system than if you are white.那意味著要反對迫切的不公正。如果你出身貧窮，就比其他人少活九年；如果你是黑人，相比于白人會受到司法體系更嚴厲的懲罰。If you're a white, working-class boy, you're less likely than anyone else in Britain to go to university.If you're at a state school, you're less likely to reach the top professions than if you were educated privately.如果你是白人工人階級的男孩，在英國上大學的機會最低。如果你上國立學校，相比接受私立教育的人獲得頂尖工作的機會要少。If you are a woman, you will earn less than a man.If you suffer from mental health problems, there's not enough help to hand.If you're young, you'll find it harder than ever before to own your own home.如果你是一個婦女，你賺的比男人少。如果你有精神疾病，會缺少幫助。如果你是年輕人，會比前人更難擁有自己的住房。But the mission to make Britain a country that works for everyone means more than just fighting these injustices.可讓英國成為為所有人服務這一使命不僅意味著應對這些不公。If you're from an ordinary working-class family, life is much harder than many people in Westminster realize.You have the job, but you don't always have the job security.如果你來自普通工人階級家庭，生活比政府里許多人知道的更艱難。你有工作，可往往并不穩定。You have your own home, but you worry about paying the mortgage.You can just about manage, but you worry about the cost of living and getting your kids into a good school.你有房子，可擔心付不起月供。你還能湊合活，卻擔心生活費增加，沒法把孩子送進好學校。If you're one of those families.If you're just managing.I want to address you directly.I know you're working around the clock, I know you're doing your best, and I know that sometimes, life can be a struggle.The government I lead will be driven not by the interests of a privileged few, but by yours.如果你來自這些家庭，如果你也湊合活著，我想要直接和你說：我知道你起早貪黑，我知道你竭盡全力，我知道生活有時是一種掙扎。我領導的政府不會被一小撮特權群體的利益驅使，而會因你的利益而奔走。We will do everything we can to give you more control over your lives.When we take the big calls, we'll think not of the powerful but you.When we pass new laws, we'll listen not to the mighty, but you.When it comes to taxes we'll prioritize not the wealthy, but you.When it comes to opportunity, we won't entrench the advantages of the fortunate few.我們將盡一切所能讓你更好掌控自己的生活。我們做重大決定時，我們想的不是那些有權之人，而是你們。我們通過新法時，我們不聽那些有勢之人，而是你們。當收稅時，我們不會優先考慮那些有錢之人，而是你們。當提供機會時，我們不會只給予那些少數幸運之人。We will do everything we can to help anybody, whatever your background, to go as far as your talents will take you.我們將盡一切所能幫助所有人，不論你背景如何，都讓你能發揮所長。

We are living through an important moment in our country's history.Following the referendum we face a time of great national change.And I know because we're Great Britain, we will rise to the challenge.我們經歷著國家歷史上一個重要時刻。公投后我們面臨著國家重大變革的時代。我知道因為我們是大不列顛，我們將迎接挑戰。As we leave the European Union, we will forge a bold, new positive role for ourselves in the world.And we will make Britain a country that works not for a privileged few, but for every one of us.我們離開了歐盟，我們會在世界上打造一個勇敢、積極的新角色。我們要讓英國成為不為少數特權階級服務的國家，一個為每個人服務的國家。That will be the mission of the government I lead, and together, we will build a better Britain.這是我領導政府的使命，我們一起努力，就會建成一個更美好的英國。掃一掃關注譯客傳說 ,邊學外語邊漲姿勢>.掃一掃 下載譯客傳說客戶端翻譯、閱讀、探尋多語世界的樂趣