第一篇：外交部溫家寶回母校的講話

外交部溫家寶回母校的講話

同學們、老師們：

屈指算來，我闊別南開中學已51年了，正式回母校看望師生，這還是第一次。我愿借此機會同大家談談心。

我1942年農歷八月出生在天津北郊宜興埠一個書香門第。我爺爺在村子里辦學校，曾祖父是農民。再往以前，我家都是農民。我們家是從什么地方來到天津的，至今也沒有人能說清楚。據說是從山西來投奔這里的溫氏家族的。因為家里窮、沒有地位，溫氏家譜始終沒有把我們家列入其中。

爺爺辦的鄉村小學，是沖破地主豪紳的阻力，第一個招收女生的學校。我記得，他常年為兩件事奔波：一件是招聘教師，一件是為學校籌款。就是這樣一所小學，很多教師都是大學畢業生，有的解放后當了教授。外婆家也在本村，外公去世很早，外婆靠開一個小藥店謀生，家里還種著幾畝地。每年秋天收玉米時，我坐在板車上玉米堆里從地里回家的情景至今歷歷在目。

我出生的年月正是日本侵略者在華北大掃蕩和實行“三光”政策的時期。媽媽對我講的一件事，至今記憶猶新：日本侵略者將全村人

集合在村西南的空地上，四周架起機關槍，用刺刀殺死無辜的平民。當時，媽媽把我緊緊摟在懷里。這件事深深刻在我的腦海里。

天津解放前夕，國民黨軍隊為“堅壁清野”放火燒了宜興埠。我的家連同爺爺辦的學校、外婆家和她的小藥店，全部化為灰燼。我們家逃難到天津城里，住在救濟院。外婆在逃難中生了病，沒過多久就去世了。她是最疼愛我的人。孩提時代，她抱著我，我常常揪她的頭發，她一點兒也不生氣。天津解放的那一晚，是一個不眠之夜。解放軍包圍了駐扎在救濟院里的國民黨軍隊，當晚進行了激戰，手榴彈扔進了院子里，家里人都害怕地躲在床鋪下，我卻一點兒也沒有害怕。第二天，天津解放了。

我的童年是在戰爭和苦難中度過的，窮困、動蕩、饑荒的往事在我幼小的心靈里留下了難以磨滅的印象。我深知，這不是我們一個家庭的苦難，也不是我出生的那個年代的苦難，中華民族的歷史就是一部苦難史。我逐漸認識到一個道理：中華民族災難深重極了，唯有科學、求實、民主、奮斗，才能拯救中國。“如將不盡，與古為新”、“周雖舊邦，其命維新”。只有推翻封建專制和官僚買辦的統治，人民才能得到解放；只有不斷革新，中國才能進步。

在我上小學、中學期間，家境十分貧寒。父母和我們三兄妹一直租住在一間不到9平方米的小屋子里，每月的房租相當于一袋面粉錢，那時父親月工資最低時只有37元。我患過一次白喉，父親把僅有的

一塊手表賣掉，買藥給我打針。此后他多年沒有戴過手表。因為經常目睹普通百姓生活的艱辛，我從小就富有同情心，這尤其表現為對普通百姓特別是窮人的同情，對不公道事情的憎惡。一種樸素的平等觀念在我的心中萌生：人人生而平等，社會的每一個成員都應平等相處。

我的中學是在南開上的。從12歲到18歲是一個人成長的關鍵時期。因此，南開六年的學習生活，對我人生觀的形成有著重要影響，也給我留下了終生難忘的印象。南開中學是一所歷史悠久的學校，她的建立、成長和發展始終同國家的興衰和民族的命運聯系在一起。無論是戰爭年代，還是建設時期，她都為國家輸送了大批人才，這就是南開的道路。我在這所學校里學習，首先懂得的就是一個人必須有遠大的理想，有崇高的志向。從小就應該立志把自己的一生獻給祖國和人民。我努力學習知識，堅持鍛煉身體，刻苦自勵，從學習和生活的點點滴滴入手，努力把自己造就成為一個對國家和人民有用的人。南開的校訓是“允公允能，日新月異”。這八個字就是南開的靈魂，它提倡的是為公、進步、創新和改革。我上中學時就愿意獨立思考，渴望發現問題，探索真知，追求真理。我記得，那時除了學習課本知識以外，我還廣泛閱讀國內外政治、經濟、文化書籍。南開永葆青春，這就是南開精神。在求學期間，我和同學們總是朝氣蓬勃，不怕困難，勇往直前。除了學習以外，我還喜歡參加各種課外活動。我不僅愛讀書，還是體育愛好者。南開永遠年輕，她的學生也都充滿活力。我們要堅持走南開的道路，崇尚南開的風格，發揚南開的精神。

上高中和大學以后，我家里人在接連不斷的政治運動中受到沖擊。爺爺在1960年因腦溢血去世，是我把他背進醫院的。現在他教過書的學校還留著他的檔案，里面裝了一篇篇的“檢查”，小楷字寫得工工整整，字里行間流露出對人民教育事業的忠誠。父親也在1960年因被審查所謂的“歷史問題”，不能教書，被送到郊外一個農場養豬，后來到圖書館工作。我考上大學向他告別就是在離城很遠的養豬場。父親告假回家幫我收拾行李。他是個老實人，一輩子勤勤懇懇。今年他過世了，可謂“生得安分，走得安詳”。盡管家里出現這樣一些情況，我仍然追求進步。我是個善于思考的人，我總是把書本里學到的東西同現實加以比較，立志為改造社會而獻身。

因為父親喜歡自然地理，我從小就對地球科學產生了興趣。在北京地質學院，我在地質系就讀5年。大學期間，我加入了中國共產黨。后來又考取了研究生，專攻大地構造。回憶在地質學院近8年的學習和生活，我曾概括為三句話：母校給了我地質學知識，母校給了我克服困難的勇氣，母校給了我接觸群眾的機會。那段時期同樣是難忘的。

參加工作以后，我有14年時間是在海拔4000到5000米的極其艱苦的祁連山區和北山沙漠戈壁地區工作。這期間，我一邊工作一邊接觸基層群眾，更使我深深懂得了民生的疾苦和稼穡的艱難。我來自人民，我也有苦難的童年，我同情每一個窮人，愿為他們的幸福獻出自己的一切。到中央工作后，從上世紀80年代中期開始，我用整整

10年時間，深入農村、廠礦、科研院所調研。在農村，我白天坐在農民家的炕頭上了解情況，晚上開座談會。我住過鄉里、住過糧庫，經常在一個縣一呆就是一個星期。我幾乎走遍了中國科學院的研究所，同科學家交朋友、談心。我認為，一個領導者最重要的是要懂得民情、民心、民意，而民心向背決定政權的存亡。衡量政策好壞的標準只有一條，就是群眾高興不高興、滿意不滿意、答應不答應。我之所以經常講窮人的經濟學、窮人的政治學和窮人的教育學，就是想讓人們懂得在中國乃至世界上，窮人占多數。一個政府、一個社會應該更多地關愛窮人，窮人應該擁有平等的權利。在中國，不懂得窮人，不懂得農民和城市貧困階層，也就不會懂得窮人的經濟學，更不可能樹立窮人的教育觀。公平的核心是在生存、競爭和發展的機會上人人平等，而不是基于財富或其他特權的平等。一個政府如果忽視民眾和民生，就是忽視了根本。而公平和正義是社會的頂梁柱，失去了它，社會這個大廈就會倒塌。“國之命，在人心”，說的就是人心向背決定社會的發展和政權的存亡。政府是窮人最后的希望，民眾的貧窮是政府最痛心的事。只有把這些道理真正弄懂，才算真正理解“以人為本”的含義。

新中國成立60多年來，特別是改革開放30多年來，我國經濟社會發展取得了很大的成就，這是有目共睹的，必須充分肯定。但也要看到，我國經濟社會發展還存在不平衡、不協調、不可持續的問題，城鄉差距、地區差距依然存在；一些地方還存在干部脫離群眾，形式主義、官僚主義嚴重，甚至以權謀私和貪污腐敗的現象；收入分配不

合理，有的地方社會矛盾比較突出，群體性事件時有發生。在這種情況下，我們必須做好經濟發展、社會公正、民主法治和干部廉潔這幾件大事。這都是人心所向，無論哪個方面出了問題，都會影響到社會穩定和國家安寧。而要做到這一切，必須在黨的領導下，推進改革開放，堅持走中國特色社會主義道路。

我擔任總理已近9年了。這段時期，我們國家遇到許多災害和困難。從2003年的“非典”到2008年的汶川大地震，再到2010年舟曲特大山洪泥石流災害，各種自然災害和突發事件幾乎沒有中斷過。百年不遇的國際金融危機已持續4年之久，給中國經濟發展帶來了極大的沖擊。在這種情況下，我們的人民沒有畏懼，沒有退縮，總是滿懷信心、堅持不懈地努力把自己的事情辦好。我十分清楚，實現現代化目標，任務還十分艱巨，需要許多代人的長期艱苦奮斗。這一歷史任務必將落在你們青年人肩上。未來是屬于青年的。青年興則國家興，青年強則國家強。但愿青年朋友們以青春之人生，創造青春之中國、青春之社會，實現中華民族的偉大復興。

講到這里，我又想起了南開，中國沒有南開不行，南開不與時俱進不行。這句話的意思是，中國需要教育，更需要有理想、有本領、勇于獻身的青年，這是中國命脈之所在。張伯苓先生自創辦南開之日起，就善于借鑒世界優秀文明成果，緊密結合中國國情，堅持自主辦學，重視教育改革和創新，提倡個性教育和多樣化教育，推崇“獨立

之精神、自由之思想”，努力培養全面發展的人才。57年前，當我坐在這座禮堂里第一次參加開學典禮的時候，楊堅白校長和楊志行校長穿著一樣的米色中山裝，并肩站在講臺上，用他們特有的氣質給大家講話，告訴我們做人的道理，這一幕我至今難以忘懷。南開之所以涌現出一大批志士仁人和科技、文化俊才，是因為她有自己的靈魂。人是要有靈魂的，學校也要有靈魂。讓我們牢記“允公允能，日新月異”的校訓，共同努力把南開辦得更好，使“巍巍我南開精神”發揚光大，代代相傳。

南開培養了我，南開是我心里的一塊圣地，我是愛南開的。過去如此，現在依舊，而且愈發強烈。南開精神像一盞明燈，始終照亮著每一個南開人前進的道路。我愿同師生們一起奮斗，做一個無愧于南開的南開人！

第二篇：外交部講話

王岐山在第四次中英經濟財金對話開幕式上的致辭（全文）

2011/09/08

2011年9月8日，中國國務院副總理王岐山在倫敦主持第四次中英經濟財金對話并發表開幕致辭。全文如下：

第四次中英經濟財金對話開幕致辭

（2011年9月8日，倫敦）

尊敬的奧斯本財政大臣，各位同事：

很高興與奧斯本財政大臣共同主持第四次中英經濟財金對話。中方代表團對英方的周到安排表示衷心的感謝！

2010年11月，卡梅倫首相訪華，兩國領導人提出，要從21世紀全球視角和戰略高度規劃好兩國關系。今年6月，溫家寶總理對英國進行正式訪問，雙方確定了新的合作重點，簽署了12項合作文件。本次對話的主要任務是，落實兩國領導人達成的重要共識，用實際行動推動中英全面戰略伙伴關系健康發展。

當前，世界經濟形勢極為復雜和不確定，國際金融市場動蕩加劇，“家家都有一本難念的經”。歐洲主權債務危機十分嚴峻，美國就業和房地產市場持續低迷，日本經濟增長乏力，新興經濟體和發展中國家通脹壓力加大。確保經濟金融穩定，推動全球經濟強勁、可持續、平衡增長是各國面臨的首要任務。解決歐債危機，需要歐盟特別是歐元區國家對有效的救助措施達成共識，協調配合，盡快付諸實施。歐洲經濟的穩定對世界經濟復蘇至關重要，也關系到中國經濟的健康穩定發展。中方對歐洲經濟和歐元抱有信心，支持歐元區、歐盟和國際貨幣基金組織采取的應對措施，相信歐洲有能力、有智慧克服當前困難，走出危機。

目前，中國經濟形勢總體是好的，但也面臨著來自國內外的多方面挑戰。為此，中國政府已經和正在采取一系列宏觀調控的政策措施，實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，妥善處理保增長、調結構和抑制通脹的關系，努力保持經濟持續平穩增長。希望英方振興經濟、保持財政可持續性的措施盡快見到成效。雙方應就事關兩國經濟的重大問題交流信息，加強溝通。

中英兩國經濟互補性強，合作潛力巨大。中國正在實施“十二五”規劃，英國也出臺了未來增長計劃，明年還將舉辦倫敦奧運會，中英經濟合作孕育著新的機遇。雙方應充分發揮各自優勢，深化經貿、投資、金融、科技、旅游等各領域合作，在基礎設施、高端制造、新能源、節能環保等領域打造新的合作亮點，努力實現2015年雙邊貿易額達到1000億美元的目標。希望雙方在金融監管改革、風險防范、產品創新、信息交流及人才培訓等方面，加強交流與合作。

充分照顧彼此關切，是對話與合作的重要前提。對于英方關注的知識產權保護、市場準入等問題，中方已取得積極進展。中國政府打擊侵權假冒專項行動成效顯著，軟件正版化全面推進。希望英方積極支持中國企業赴英投資，繼續推動歐盟放寬對華高技術產品出口管制、盡早承認中國市場經濟地位。

中英作為二十國集團的重要成員，應當保持各層面的密切溝通，與其他成員國一道，團結一致，加強宏觀經濟政策協調，穩步推進國際貨幣金融體系改革，反對貿易保護主義，避免經濟問題政治化，確保戛納峰會取得成功。

各位同事！

中英經濟財金對話是兩國經濟合作的重要平臺。我相信，只要雙方秉持建設性的合作精神，立足當前，著眼長遠，坦誠溝通，深入交流，本次對話就一定能夠取得更多互利共贏的成果。

預祝本次對話圓滿成功！

第三篇：溫家寶講話

溫家寶：關于發展社會事業和改善民生的幾個問題

2010年04月01日09:10 來源：《求是》

八、大力推進社會事業領域的改革

改革開放以來，與經濟體制改革相適應，我國社會事業領域的改革也一直在向前推進，并取得了重要進展。其標志就是打破了過去完全由國家經辦的體制，調動了社會積極性。但是總的看，我國社會事業領域的改革開放仍然相對滯后。比較突出的問題是，政府責任不到位和包攬過多同時并存，該管的沒有管到位，該放的沒有真正放下去，發揮市場機制、社會資本和民間組織的作用不夠，調動各方面積極性的體制機制不健全，社會事業發展的活力不足。這種情況制約了社會事業發展，也制約經濟發展。當前公共產品供給不足，公共服務的資源配置不合理、不公平，與社會事業發展滯后有關，也與社會事業領域改革滯后有關。我們必須著眼于促進經濟社會協調發展、促進社會公平正義、促進社會和諧穩定的大局，充分認識加快社會事業領域改革的重要性和緊迫性，大力推進社會事業領域的改革，為社會事業加快發展增添新的動力。

從我國社會事業領域改革的歷程和經驗看，推進社會事業改革開放，必須處理好政府和市場的關系，公平和效率的關系，盡力而為和量力而行的關系。在工作上，要從以下幾個方面入手。

第一，把維護社會事業的公益性、保障人民群眾基本公共服務需求作為政府的主要職責。社會事業涉及人民群眾基本需求和普遍公共利益，公益性是其基本特征。社會事業的公益性一旦受到損害，人民群眾的基本需求和權益就得不到保障，社會就會失去起碼的公平和正義。在社會主義市場經濟條件下，政府的主要職責就是保障人民群眾的基本需求、保障公共利益。目前我們在這方面做得還不到位。為此，要進一步轉變政府職能，加強公共服務職能，加快健全覆蓋全民的基本公共服務體系，推進基本公共服務均等化。在社會事業特別是涉及基本民生方面，包括就業、社保、教育、文化、醫藥衛生等，都要建立健全保障人民基本需求的制度，這是政府義不容辭的責任。

要強調一點，就是保“基本”需求的標準，要與經濟社會發展水平和階段相適應，隨著經濟發展、財力增強而逐步提高。既不能滯后也不能超前。滯后了，人民群眾的基本需求得不到有效保障，就會產生不滿情緒，積累社會矛盾；超前了，財政壓力過大或無力支撐，反而不可持續。也就是說，既要盡力而為，又要量力而行。愿望超前和能力滯后永遠是一對矛盾。要加快建立健全公共財政體制，調整財政支出結構，投入更多的資金，支持社會事業與經濟協調發展。

第二，把應該由社會和市場發揮作用的真正交給社會和市場。社會需求總是呈現多層次和多樣性。怎樣確定政府的責任范圍、劃分政府與市場的界限，這是社會事業領域改革必須明確的一個問題。當前各方面反映公共服務領域政府包攬多，社會資本進入難。政府把責任和保障面定得過寬，不僅會降低保“基本”的能力和水平，還會影響社會各方面參與發展社會事業的積極性和活力。各項社會事業都應當區分“基本”和“非基本”。“非基本”的社會事業交給社會和市場，通過發展相關產業，滿足多層次、個性化的需求，政府要履行監管責任。現在看，政府辦了許多應當交給市場和社會辦的事。使用公共資源辦高檔服務，滿足少數人的需求，會加劇分配不公和社會不滿。少數人的需求也需要滿足，但應當交給社會和市場。這次新醫改的最大特點，就是區分“基本”和“非基本”，政府主要保“基本”，包括基本保障、基本醫療、基本公共衛生和基本藥物，強調人人有基本保障，人人享有基本醫藥衛生服務。高檔的、選擇性的、個性化的醫藥衛生服務要逐步交給社會辦，由市場調節。教育、科技、文化、體育等社會事業都要這樣做。對此，思想要解放一點，膽子要大一點，步子要快一點。在社會事業所有領域，都要進一步放寬準入，調動全社會參與的積極性。這樣不僅可以為社會資本開辟更大的投資空間，利用社會資本加快社會事業發展，同時也有利于政府集中力量辦好該辦的事情。

第三，由政府保障的基本公共服務，也要深化改革、提高績效。在服務提供上，應該更多地利用社會資源，建立購買服務的機制。要逐步做到凡適合面向市場購買的基本公共服務，都采取購買服務的方式；不適合或不具備條件購買服務的，再由政府直接提供。要鼓勵社會資本投資建立非營利性公益服務機構。各類社會機構和企業愿意參與基本公共服務的，只要具備資質、符合條件，就應當鼓勵進入。政府擇優為人民群眾購買服務，基本公共服務領域就會逐步形成有序競爭和多元化參與的局面。這樣就能有效動員和綜合利用社會資源來加強和改善基本公共服務，提高服務質量和效率。

事業單位改革也是下階段必須努力抓好的一項重要工作。事業單位改革與社會事業發展密切相關，也是公共管理和服務體制改革的重要方面。這項改革已經進行了多年，取得了很大進展。但隨著形勢發展，一些事業單位的職能和屬性已經發生變化，即使仍然從事公益服務的事業單位，管理體制和運行機制不適應新形勢的問題也越來越突出。中央準備近期下發一個文件，進一步推動這項改革。主要是按照政事分開、事企分開和管辦分離原則，積極穩妥地對現有事業單位分類進行改革。將主要承擔行政職能的，逐步轉為行政機構或將其行政職能劃歸行政機構；將主要從事生產經營活動的，逐步改制為企業；對面向社會提供公益服務的，要強化公益屬性，繼續保留，但要改革管理體制、運行機制，探索建立法人治理結構，改革人事制度、收入分配制度、社會保險制度，完善財政支持政策。今后不再設立承擔行政職能和主要從事生產經營活動的事業單位。事業單位改革涉及面廣、情況復雜，一定要在做好整體規劃的基礎上，積極穩妥地推進，確保改革中公共服務得到改善，社會事業得到加強，社會保持基本穩定。

（本文系溫家寶同志2010年2月4日在省部級主要領導干部專題研討班上的講話，發表時作了個別修改。）

第四篇：溫家寶講話

溫家寶主持國務院常務會議研究促進中小企業發展

研究確定支持小型和微型企業發展的金融財稅政策措施

中國網絡電視臺消息：國務院總理溫家寶12日主持召開國務院常務會議，研究確定支持小型和微型企業發展的金融、財稅政策措施。

會議指出，小型和微型企業在促進經濟增長、增加就業、科技創新與社會和諧穩定等方面具有不可替代的作用。當前一些小型微型企業經營困難，融資難和稅費負擔偏重等問題突出，必須引起高度重視。要加強金融服務和財稅扶持，主要加大對符合國家產業和環保政策、能夠吸納就業的科技、服務和加工業等實體經濟的支持力度，引導和幫助小型微型企業穩健經營、增強盈利能力和發展后勁。

會議研究確定了金融支持小型微型企業發展的政策措施：

（一）加大對小型微型企業的信貸支持。銀行業金融機構對小型微型企業貸款的增速不低于全部貸款平均增速，增量高于上年同期水平，對達到要求的小金融機構繼續執行較低存款準備金率。商業銀行重點加大對單戶授信500萬元以下小型微型企業的信貸支持。加強貸款監管和最終用戶監測，確保用于小型微型企業正常的生產經營。

（二）清理糾正金融服務不合理收費，切實降低企業融資的實際成本。除銀團貸款外，禁止商業銀行對小型微型企業貸款收取承諾費、資金管理費。嚴格限制商業銀行向小型微型企業收取財務顧問費、咨詢費等費用。

（三）拓寬小型微型企業融資渠道。逐步擴大小型微型企業集合票據、集合債券、短期融資券發行規模，積極穩妥發展私募股權投資和創業投資等融資工具。進一步推動交易所市場和場外市場建設，改善小型微型企業股權質押融資環境。積極發展小型微型企業貸款保證保險和信用保險。

（四）細化對小型微型企業金融服務的差異化監管政策。對小型微型企業貸款余額和客戶數量超過一定比例的商業銀行放寬機構準入限制，允許其批量籌建同城支行和專營機構網點。對商業銀行發行金融債所對應的單戶500萬元以下的小型微型企業貸款，在計算存貸比時可不納入考核范圍。允許商業銀行將單戶授信500萬元以下的小型微型企業貸款視同零售貸款計算風險權重，降低資本占用。適當提高對小型微型企業貸款不良率的容忍度。

（五）促進小金融機構改革與發展。強化小金融機構重點服務小型微型企業、社區、居民和“三農”的市場定位。在審慎監管的基礎上促進農村新型金融機構組建工作，引導小金融機構增加服務網點，向轄內縣域和鄉鎮地區延伸機構。

（六）在規范管理、防范風險的基礎上促進民間借貸健康發展。有效遏制民間借貸高利貸化傾向，依法打擊非法集資、金融傳銷等違法活動。嚴格監管，禁止金融從業人員參與民間借貸。對小型微型企業的金融支持，要按照市場原則進行，減少行政干預，防范信用風險和道德風險。

會議研究確定了財稅支持小型微型企業發展的政策措施：

（一）加大對小型微型企業稅收扶持力度。提高小型微型企業增值稅和營業稅起征點。將小型微利企業減半征收企業所得稅政策，延長至2015年底并擴大范圍。將符合條件的國家中小企業公共技術服務示范平臺納入科技開發用品進口稅收優惠政策范圍。

（二）支持金融機構加強對小型微型企業的金融服務。對金融機構向小型微型企業貸款合同三年內免征印花稅。將金融企業中小企業貸款損失準備金稅前扣除政策延長至2013年底。將符合條件的農村金融機構金融保險收入減按3%征收營業稅的政策，延長至2015年底。

（三）擴大中小企業專項資金規模，更多運用間接方式扶持小型微型企業。進一步清理取消和減免部分涉企收費。

會議要求各地區、各有關部門把支持小型微型企業健康發展作為重要任務，認真制定有關政策措施，切實抓好落實。

第五篇：溫家寶2009講話

溫家寶在世界經濟論壇2009年年會上的講話

堅定信心 加強合作 推動世界經濟新一輪增長

Strengthen Confidence and Work Together for A New Round of World Economic Growth ━━在世界經濟論壇2009年年會上的特別致辭

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶

Special Message by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009（2009年1月28日）

尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士們，先生們：

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Ladies and Gentlemen，很高興出席世界經濟論壇2009年年會，并發表特別致辭。首先，我要感謝施瓦布主席的盛情邀請和周到安排。本屆年會意義特殊，在歷史罕見的國際金融危機之中，各國政要、企業家和專家學者聚集在這里，圍繞“重塑危機后的世界”這一主題，共同探討維護國際金融穩定、促進世界經濟增長的舉措，探索全球綜合治理之道，既有重要的現實意義，也體現了會議舉辦者的遠見卓識。各方面熱切期盼從這里聽到富有智慧的聲音，凝聚戰勝危機的力量。我們有責任向世界傳遞信心、勇氣和希望。我預祝本屆年會取得成功！

I am delighted to be here and address the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009.Let me begin by thanking Chairman Schwab for his kind invitation and thoughtful arrangements.This annual meeting has a special significance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history, it brings together government leaders, business people, experts and scholars of different countries to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth and better address global issues.Its theme--“Shaping the Post-Crisis World” is highly relevant.It reflects the vision of its organizers.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence, courage and hope.I look forward to a successful meeting.我們正在經歷的這場國際金融危機，使世界經濟陷入上世紀大蕭條以來最困難的境地。各國和國際社會紛紛采取積極應對措施，對提振信心、緩解危機、防止金融體系崩潰和世界經濟深度衰退起到了重要作用。這場危機的原因是多方面的。主要是：有關經濟體宏觀經濟政策不當、長期低儲蓄高消費的發展模式難以為繼；金融機構片面追逐利潤而過度擴張；金融及評級機構缺乏自律，導致風險信息和資產定價失真；金融監管能力與金融創新不匹配，金融衍生品風險不斷積聚和擴散。“吃一塹，長一智”。我們必須從中認真吸取教訓，正確處理儲蓄與消費的關系，金融創新與金融監管的關系，虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系，從根本上找到化解危機之策。

The ongoing international financial crisis has landed the world economy in the most difficult situation since last century's Great Depression.In the face of the crisis, countries and the international community have taken various measures to address it.These measures have played an important role in boosting confidence, reducing the consequences of the crisis, and forestalling a meltdown of the financial system and a deep global recession.This crisis is attributable to a variety of factors and the major ones are: inappropriate macroeconomic policies of some economies and their unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption;excessive expansion of financial institutions in a blind pursuit of profit;lack of self-discipline among financial institutions and rating agencies and the ensuing distortion of risk information and asset pricing;and the failure of financial supervision and regulation to keep up with financial innovations, which allowed the risks of financial derivatives to build and spread.As the saying goes, “A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit,” we must draw lessons from this crisis and address its root causes.In other words, we must strike a balance between savings and consumption, between financial innovation and regulation, and between the financial sector and real economy.坦率地說，這場危機對中國經濟也造成較大沖擊，我們正面臨嚴峻挑戰。主要是：外部需求明顯收縮，部分行業產能過剩，企業生產經營困難，城鎮失業人員增多，經濟增長下行的壓力明顯加大。

The current crisis has inflicted a rather big impact on China's economy.We are facing severe challenges, including notably shrinking external demand, overcapacity in some sectors, difficult business conditions for enterprises, rising unemployment in urban areas and greater downward pressure on economic growth.中國作為一個負責任的大國，在危機中采取了積極負責的態度。我們把擴大國內有效需求特別是消費需求作為促進經濟增長的基本立足點。及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，果斷實施積極的財政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定和實施一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。

As a big responsible country, China has acted in an active and responsible way during this crisis.We mainly rely on expanding effective domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, to boost economic growth.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, introduced ten measures to shore up domestic demand and put in place a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at ensuring steady and relatively fast economic growth.一是大規模增加政府支出和實施結構性減稅。中國政府推出了總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、生態環保等方面的建設和地震災后恢復重建，既有“十一五”規劃內加快實施的項目，也有根據發展需要新增的項目。這個計劃經過了科學論證，在資金保證上作了周密安排，其中中央政府計劃投資1．18萬億元，并帶動地方和社會資金參與建設。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，主要是全面實施增值稅轉型，出臺中小企業、房地產交易相關稅收優惠政策等措施，取消和停征100項行政事業性收費，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。

First, substantially increase government spending and implement a structural tax cut.The Chinese Government has rolled out a two-year program involving a total investment of RMB 4 trillion, equivalent to 16 percent of China's GDP in 2007.The investment will mainly go to government-subsidized housing projects, projects concerning the well-being of rural residents, railway construction and other infrastructural projects, environmental protection projects and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Some of them are identified as priority projects in China's 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development.The rest are additional ones to meet the needs of the new situation.This two-year stimulus program has gone through scientific feasibility studies and is supported by a detailed financial arrangement.RMB 1.18 trillion will come from central government's budget, which is expected to generate funds from local governments and other sources.The Chinese Government has also launched a massive tax cut program which features the comprehensive transformation of the value-added tax, the adoption of preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and real estate transactions, and the abolition or suspension of 100 items of administrative fees.It is expected to bring about a total saving of RMB 500 billion for businesses and households each year.二是大頻度降息和增加銀行體系流動性。中央銀行連續五次下調金融機構存貸款利率，其中一年期存、貸款基準利率累計分別下調1．89和2．16個百分點，大幅度減輕企業財務負擔。連續四次下調存款準備金率，大型金融機構累計下調2個百分點，中小型金融機構累計下調4個百分點，共釋放流動性約8000億元，使商業銀行可用資金大幅增加。出臺一系列金融促進經濟增長的政策措施，擴大貸款總量，優化信貸結構，加大對“三農”、中小企業等方面的金融支持。

Second, frequently cut interest rates and increase liquidity in the banking system.The central bank has cut deposit and lending rates of financial institutions five times in a row, with the one-year benchmark deposit and lending rates down by 1.89 percentage points and 2.16 percentage points respectively.Thus the financial burden of companies has been greatly reduced.The required reserve ratio has been lowered four times, adding up to a total reduction of 2 percentage points for large financial institutions and 4 percentage points for small and medium-sized ones.This has released around RMB 800 billion of liquidity and substantially increased funds available to commercial banks.A series of policy measures have been adopted in the financial sector to boost economic growth, including increasing lending, optimizing the credit structure, and providing greater financial support to agriculture and the SMEs.三是大范圍實施產業調整振興規劃。我們抓住機遇全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等重點產業的調整和振興規劃，既著眼于解決企業當前存在的困難，又致力于產業的長遠發展。采取有力措施，推進企業兼并重組，淘汰落后產能，發展先進生產力，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵企業技術進步和技術改造，支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，調整產品結構，開發適銷對路產品，提高生產經營水平。我們不斷完善和落實金融支持政策，健全信用擔保體系，放寬市場準入，支持中小企業發展。Third, implement the industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program on a large scale.We are seizing the opportunity to push ahead comprehensive industrial restructuring and upgrading.To this end, plans are being drawn up for key industries such as automobile and iron and steel, which not only focus on addressing the immediate difficulties of enterprises but also look toward their long-term development.We have taken strong measures to facilitate the merger and reorganization of enterprises, phase out backward production capacity, promote advanced productive forces, and improve industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage our enterprises to upgrade technologies and make technological renovation.We support them in making extensive use of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials to restructure their product mix, develop marketable products and improve their competitiveness.Our financial support policies are being improved, a sound credit guarantee system installed and market access eased for the benefit of SME development.四是大力推進科技創新和技術改造。加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，創造新的社會需求，培育新的經濟增長點。五是大幅度提高社會保障水平。

Fourth, actively encourage innovation and upgrading in science and technology.We are speeding up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development with a special focus on 16 key projects in order to make breakthroughs in core technologies and key generic technologies.This will provide scientific and technological support for China's sustainable economic development at a higher level.We are developing high-tech industrial clusters and creating new social demand and new economic growth areas.Fifth, substantially raise the level of social security.我們加快完善社會保障體系，繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平，提高優撫對象撫恤和生活補助標準。今年中央財政用于社會保障和就業的資金投入增幅將大大高于財政收入增速。

We have accelerated the improvement of social safety net.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas, welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support and the special allowances and assistance to entitled groups.This year, the central budget for social security and employment will increase at a much higher rate than the growth of the overall fiscal revenue.我們積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務，預計三年內各級政府將為此投入8500億元。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。

We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.It is estimated that governments at all levels will invest RMB 850 billion for this purpose.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.今年將進一步提高農村義務教育公用經費標準，加大對家庭經濟困難學生的資助，提高中小學教師待遇，繼續促進教育公平和優化教育結構。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，特別是出臺了促進高校畢業生和農民工就業的各項政策措施，進一步開辟公益性就業崗位，千方百計減緩金融危機對就業的影響。

This year, we will increase public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, offer more financial support to students from poor families and improve the well-being of middle and primary school teachers so as to promote equity in education and optimize the educational structure.We are using every possible means to lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.We are following a more active employment policy.In particular, we have introduced various policy measures to help college graduates and migrant workers find jobs and provided more government-funded jobs in public service.總的看，這些重大政策措施，注重標本兼治、遠近結合，綜合協調、相互促進，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、推進科技創新、加強社會保障結合起來，把增加投資和刺激消費結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生結合起來，對于動員全社會力量共同應對危機，起到了關鍵性作用。

These major policy measures as a whole target both symptoms and root causes, and address both immediate and long-term concerns.They represent a holistic approach and are mutually reinforcing.They are designed to address the need to boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, encourage scientific innovation and strengthen social security.They are designed to stimulate consumption through increased investment, overcome the current difficulties with long-term development in mind, and promote economic growth in the interest of people's livelihood.These measures can mobilize all resources to meet the current crisis.當前中國經濟形勢總體上是好的。經過努力，在戰勝兩場突如其來的特大自然災害的同時，2008年中國經濟保持了平穩較快發展。國內生產總值增長9%，居民消費價格基本穩定；糧食連續五年豐收，總產量達到5．28億噸；城鎮新增就業1113萬人，城鄉居民收入持續增加；金融體系穩健運行，銀行體系流動性和信貸資產質量保持在較好水平。作為一個發展中大國，中國把自己的事情辦好，有利于提振對世界經濟增長的信心，有利于減緩國際金融危機擴散蔓延趨勢，有利于增加中國的進口和對外投資，拉動世界經濟增長，給其他國家提供更多發展機遇和就業機會。中國經濟保持平穩較快發展，對維護國際金融穩定和促進世界經濟增長做出了重要貢獻。

China's economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008 despite two unexpected massive natural disasters.Our GDP grew by 9 percent.CPI was basically stable.We had a good grain harvest for the fifth consecutive year, with a total output of 528.5 million tons.Eleven million and one hundred and thirty thousand new jobs were created in cities and towns.Household income in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and the banking system kept its liquidity and credit asset quality at a healthy level.When China, a large developing country, runs its affairs well, it can help restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It will also help increase China's imports and outbound investment, boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth of China's economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability and world economic growth.女士們，先生們： Ladies and Gentlemen，中國經濟能不能繼續保持平穩較快發展？有些人可能會有疑慮。我可以給大家一個肯定的回答：我們對此充滿信心。我們的信心來自哪里？信心來自中國經濟發展的基本面沒有改變。由于我們正確判斷形勢、及時果斷調整宏觀經濟政策，中國經濟仍然保持了平穩較快發展。我們制定并實施的既應對當前困難又著眼長遠發展的一攬子計劃，開始見到效果，今年將發揮更大作用。信心來自中國經濟發展的長期趨勢沒有改變。Will China's economy continue to grow fast and steadily? Some people may have doubts about it.Yet I can give you a definite answer: Yes, it will.We are full of confidence.Where does our confidence come from? It comes from the fact that the fundamentals of China's economy remain unchanged.Thanks to our right judgment of the situation and prompt and decisive adjustment to our macroeconomic policy, our economy remains on the track of steady and fast development.Our package plan takes into consideration both the need to address current difficulties and that of long-term development.It is beginning to produce results and will be more effective this year.Our confidence comes from the fact that the long-term trend of China's economic development remains unchanged.我們仍處于重要戰略機遇期，在工業化和城鎮化快速推進中，基礎設施建設、產業結構和消費結構升級、環境保護和生態建設、社會事業發展，蘊藏著巨大的需求和增長潛力，它將有力支撐中國經濟在較長時間內繼續保持較高速度增長。信心來自中國經濟發展的優勢沒有改變。經過30年改革開放，我們建立了良好的物質、技術和體制基礎。

We are in an important period of strategic opportunities and in the process of fast industrialization and urbanization.Infrastructure construction, upgrading of industrial and consumption structures, environmental protection and conservation projects, and various social development programs--all can be translated into huge demand and growth potential and will bolster relatively high-speed growth of our economy for a long time to come.Our confidence also comes from the fact that the advantages contributing to China's economic growth remain unchanged.With 30 years' of reform and opening-up, we have laid a good material, technological and institutional foundation.勞動力資源豐富、素質較高、成本較低；國家財政收支狀況良好，金融體系穩健，社會資金充裕；我們有集中力量辦大事的制度優勢、和諧安定的社會環境。更為重要的是，我們樹立了以人為本、全面協調可持續發展的科學發展理念，始終堅持改革開放，始終奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，找到了一條符合中國國情、順應時代潮流的正確發展道路；我們的人民擁有堅韌不拔、自強不息、百折不撓的精神與意志，正是這些優秀品質，使歷史悠久的中國在逆境中煥發更加強勁的生命力。

We have a large well-trained and relatively low-cost labor force.We have a healthy fiscal balance, a sound financial system and adequate funds.Our system enables us to mobilize the necessary resources for big undertakings.There is harmony and stability in our society.What is more important, we follow a scientific approach to development which puts people first and seeks comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.We are committed to reform, opening-up and win-win progress.We have found the right development path in line with China's national conditions and the trend of our times.Our people are hard-working, persevering and resilient.It is precisely these fine qualities that endow China, a country with a time-honored history, with greater vitality in the face of adversities.同時，中國經濟發展的外部環境沒有根本改變，求和平、謀發展、促合作是當今世界發展不可阻擋的潮流，國際分工格局調整中蘊藏著新的機遇。我們完全有信心、有條件、有能力繼續保持經濟平穩較快發展，繼續為世界經濟發展做出積極貢獻。

At the same time, there is no fundamental change in the external environment for China's economic growth.The pursuit of peace, development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in today's world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.We have the confidence, conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.女士們，先生們：

Ladies and Gentlemen, 國際金融危機是一場全球性的挑戰，戰勝這場危機要靠信心、合作和責任。堅定信心是戰勝危機的力量源泉。信念的力量，遠比想象的更為強大。國際社會和各國的當務之急，是繼續采取一切必要的措施，盡快恢復市場信心。在經濟困難面前，各國對世界經濟發展的前景有信心，國家領導人和各國人民對自己的國家有信心，企業對投資有信心，個人對消費有信心，比什么都重要。務實合作是戰勝危機的有效途徑。在經濟全球化條件下，大家的命運已緊緊聯系在一起，誰也離不開誰。金融危機檢驗著國際社會加強合作的誠意和水平，考驗著我們的智慧。只有加強合作，攜手努力，同舟共濟，才能有效應對危機。承擔責任是戰勝危機不可或缺的重要基礎。各國政府堅定、勇敢、負責地承擔起責任，對于穩定金融秩序、防止危機對實體經濟影響加深，十分重要。政治家要有遠見卓識，既要對自己的國家和人民負責，也要對國際社會負責。當前，應當抓緊落實20國集團領導人金融市場和世界經濟峰會以來達成的廣泛共識，不僅要采取更加積極有效的措施渡過當前難關，而且要努力推動建立公正、合理、健康、穩定的世界經濟新秩序。為此，我提出以下意見。

The global financial crisis is a challenge for the whole world.Confidence, cooperation and responsibility are key to overcoming the crisis.Confidence is the source of strength.The power of confidence is far greater than what can be imagined.The pressing task for the international community and individual countries is to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible.In times of economic hardships, confidence of all countries in the prospect of global economic development, confidence of leaders and people around the world in their countries, confidence of enterprises in investment and confidence of individuals in consumption are more important than anything else.In tackling the crisis, practical cooperation is the effective way.In a world of economic globalization, countries are tied together in their destinies and can hardly be separated from one another.The financial crisis is a test of the readiness of the international community to enhance cooperation, and a test of our wisdom.Only with closer cooperation and mutual help, can we successfully manage the crisis.To prevail over the crisis, accepting responsibilities is the prerequisite.When governments fulfill their responsibilities with resolution and courage, they can help maintain a stable financial order and prevent the crisis from causing more serious damage on the real economy.Political leaders must be forward-looking.They should be responsible to the entire international community as well as to their own countries and people.It is imperative that we implement the broad agreement reached since the G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy.We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties, but also push for the establishment of a new world economic order that is just, equitable, sound and stable.To this end, I would like to share with you the following ideas.一是深化國際經貿合作，推進多邊貿易體制健康發展。歷史經驗告訴我們，越是危機關頭越要堅持開放與合作。貿易保護主義不僅會加大危機的嚴重程度，還會使危機持續更長時間，是損人不利己的行為。要積極推進貿易投資自由化便利化。中國堅定地支持推動多哈回合談判早日達成平衡的結果，建立公平、開放的多邊貿易體制。作為多邊貿易體制的重要補充，積極推進區域經濟一體化進程。

First, deepen international economic cooperation and promote a sound multilateral trading regime.Past experience shows that in crisis it is all the more important to stick to a policy of opening-up and cooperation.Trade protectionism serves no purpose as it will only worsen and prolong the crisis.It is therefore necessary to move forward trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.China firmly supports efforts to reach balanced results of the Doha Round negotiations at an early date and the establishment of a fair and open multilateral trading regime.As an important supplement to such a trading regime, regional economic integration should be vigorously promoted.二是推動國際金融體系改革，加快建立國際金融新秩序。這場危機充分暴露了現有國際金融體系和治理結構的缺陷。要加快主要國際金融組織治理結構改革，建立合理的全球金融救助機制，增強履行職責的能力。增加發展中國家在國際金融組織中的發言權和代表性，積極發揮其在維護國際和地區金融穩定等方面的作用。鼓勵區域貨幣金融合作，充分發揮地區資金救助機制作用。穩步推進國際貨幣體系多元化。

Second, advance the reform of the international financial system and accelerate the establishment of a new international financial order.The current crisis has fully exposed the deficiencies in the existing international financial system and its governance structure.It is important to speed up reform of the governance structures of major international financial institutions, establish a sound global financial rescue mechanism, and enhance capacity in fulfilling responsibilities.Developing countries should have greater say and representation in international financial institutions and their role in maintaining international and regional financial stability should be brought into full play.We should encourage regional monetary and financial cooperation, make good use of regional liquidity assistance mechanisms, and steadily move the international monetary system toward greater diversification.三是加強國際金融監管合作，防范金融風險積聚和擴散。各國金融當局應加強信息交流與溝通，加大對全球資本流動的監測力度，防范金融風險跨境傳遞。擴大國際金融體系監管的覆蓋面，特別要增強對主要儲備貨幣國家的監督，建立及時高效的危機早期預警系統。制定合理有效的金融監管標準，完善會計準則、資本充足要求等各類監督制度。加強對金融機構和中介組織的監管，增強金融市場和各類金融產品透明度。

Third, strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision and regulation and guard against the build-up and spread of financial risks.Financial authorities around the world should step up information sharing and the monitoring of global capital flows to avoid the cross-border transmission of financial risks.We should expand the regulation coverage of the international financial system, with particular emphasis on strengthening the supervision on major reserve currency countries.We should put in place a timely and efficient early warning system against crisis.We should introduce reasonable and effective financial regulatory standards and improve oversight mechanisms in such areas as accounting standards and capital adequacy requirements.We should tighten regulation of financial institutions and intermediaries and enhance transparency of financial markets and products.四是切實保護發展中國家利益，促進世界經濟共同發展。國際社會特別是發達國家要承擔應盡的責任和義務，盡量減少國際金融危機對發展中國家造成的損害，幫助發展中國家保持金融穩定和經濟增長。國際金融組織應該通過放寬貸款條件等措施，及時救助有需要的發展中國家。積極推進國際減貧進程，特別要加大對最不發達國家和地區的援助力度，增強他們的自我發展能力。

Fourth, effectively protect the interests of developing countries and promote economic development of the whole world.The international community, developed countries in particular, should assume due responsibilities and obligations to minimize the damage caused by the international financial crisis on developing countries and help them maintain financial stability and economic growth.International financial institutions should act promptly to assist those developing countries in need through such measures as relaxing lending conditions.We should advance the international poverty reduction process and scale up assistance to the least developed countries and regions in particular with a view to building up their capacity for independent development.五是協同應對全球性問題挑戰，建設人類共有的美好家園。面對氣候變暖、環境惡化、疫病和自然災害、能源資源和糧食安全、恐怖主義蔓延等關系人類生存和發展的問題，任何國家都無法置身事外，也難以單獨應對，國際社會必須加強合作，共同應對這些挑戰。

Fifth, jointly tackle global challenges and build a better home for mankind.Issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, diseases, natural disasters, energy, resources and food security as well as the spread of terrorism bear on the very survival and development of mankind.No country can be insulated from these challenges or meet them on its own.The international community should intensify cooperation and respond to these challenges together.這里，我再次重申，中國將始終不渝地謀求和平的發展、開放的發展、合作的發展。中國愿意繼續與國際社會一道，積極維護國際金融穩定、促進世界經濟發展，積極應對各種全球性風險和挑戰，為實現世界的和諧與可持續發展貢獻自己的力量！

I want to reaffirm here China's abiding commitment to peaceful, open and cooperative development.China is ready to work with other members of the international community to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth, tackle various global risks and challenges, and contribute its share to world harmony and sustainable development.女士們，先生們！嚴冬終將過去，春天就要來臨。讓我們堅定信心，加強合作，共同推動世界經濟新一輪增長！

Ladies and Gentlemen, the harsh winter will be gone and spring is around the corner.Let us strengthen confidence and work closely together to bring about a new round of world economic growth.謝謝大家！

Thank you.用發展的眼光看中國

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在劍橋大學的演講

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中華人民共和國國務院總理 溫家寶 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of

China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校長，女士們，先生們：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen, 來到向往已久的劍橋大學，非常高興。劍橋舉世聞名，培養出牛頓、達爾文、培根等許多杰出的科學家、思想家，為人類文明進步作出了重要貢獻。今年是劍橋建校800周年，我謹致以熱烈祝賀！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.這是我第四次訪問英國。中英相距遙遠，但兩國人民的友好交往不斷增多。香港問題的圓滿解決，經貿、文教、科技等領域的有效合作，為發展中英全面戰略伙伴關系奠定了堅實基礎。在此，我向長期致力于中英友好的朋友們表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演講的題目是：用發展的眼光看中國。

The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深愛著的祖國——古老而又年輕。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.說她古老，她是一個有著數千年文明史的東方大國。中華民族以自己的勤勞和智慧，創造了燦爛的古代文明，對人類發展作出過重大貢獻。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.說她年輕，新中國成立才60年，改革開放才30年。中國人民經過長期不懈的斗爭建立了新中國，又經過艱苦的探索，終于找到了適合國情的發展道路——中國特色社會主義道路，文明古國煥發了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中國改革開放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有長遠意義的是體制創新。我們推進經濟體制改革，建立了社會主義市場經濟體制。在政府的宏觀調控下，充分發揮市場對資源配置的基礎性作用。我們深化政治體制改革，把發展民主和完善法制結合起來，實行人民當家作主，依法治國，建設社會主義法治國家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革開放的實質，就是堅持以人為本，通過解放和發展生產力滿足人們日益增長的物質文化需求，在公正的條件下促進人的全面發展；就是保障人民的民主權利，讓國家政通人和、興旺發達；就是維護人的尊嚴和自由，讓每個人的智慧和力量得以迸發，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年來，中國貧困人口減少了2億多，人均壽命提高了5歲，8300萬殘疾人得到政府和社會的特殊關愛，這是中國保障人權的光輝業績。九年免費義務教育的推行，農村合作醫療制度的建立，社會保障體系的完善，使學有所教、病有所醫、老有所養的理想，正在變為現實。Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用兩句唐詩形容中國的現狀：“潮平兩岸闊，風正一帆懸。”中國人正在努力實現現代化，這是一個古而又新的發展中大國進行的一場偉大實踐。掌握了自己命運的中國人民，對未來充滿信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深愛著的祖國——歷經磨難而又自強不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年輕時曾長期工作在中國的西北地區。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生長著一種稀有的樹種，叫胡楊。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗風沙、耐鹽堿，生命力極其頑強。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人稱為英雄樹。我非常喜歡胡楊，它是中華民族堅韌不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年來，中華民族一次次戰勝了天災人禍，渡過了急流險灘，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的災難，鑄就了她百折不撓、自強不息的品格。中華民族的歷史證明了一個真理：一個民族在災難中失去的，必將從民族的進步中得到補償。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此時此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震災區的親身經歷。去年5月，四川汶川發生震驚世界的特大地震，北川中學被夷為平地，孩子傷亡慘重。可是，時隔10天，當我第二次來到這里時，鄉親們已在廢墟上搭起了板房教室，校園里又回蕩著孩子們朗朗的讀書聲。當時我在黑板上，給同學們寫下了“多難興邦”幾個字。地震發生以來，我7次到汶川災區，碰到這樣感人的事跡不勝枚舉。我為我們中華民族這種愈挫愈奮的精神深深感動。這種偉大的精神，正是我們的民族飽經憂患而愈益堅強、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.經過半個多世紀的艱苦奮斗，中國有了比較大的發展，經濟總量躍居世界前列，但我們仍然是一個發展中國家，同發達國家相比還有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，發展不平衡，這種基本國情還沒有從根本上得到改變。中國的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，僅為英國的1/16左右。到過中國旅游的朋友，你們所看到的城市是現代的，而我們的農村還比較落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世紀中葉，中國要基本實現現代化，面臨三大歷史任務：既要努力實現歐洲早已完成的工業化，又要追趕新科技革命的浪潮；既要不斷提高經濟發展水平，又要實現社會公平正義；既要實現國內的可持續發展，又要承擔相應的國際責任。中國要趕上發達國家水平，還有很長很長的路要走，還會遇到許多艱難險阻。但是，任何困難都阻擋不住中國人民前進的步伐，只要我們堅持不懈地努力奮斗，中國現代化的目標就一定能夠實現。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深愛著的祖國——珍視傳統而又開放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中華傳統文化底蘊深厚、博大精深。“和”在中國古代歷史上被奉為最高價值，是中華文化的精髓。中國古老的經典——《尚書》就提出“百姓昭明，協和萬邦”的理想，主張人民和睦相處，國家友好往來。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和為貴”的文化傳統，哺育了中華民族寬廣博大的胸懷。我們的民族，既能像大地承載萬物一樣，寬厚包容；又能像蒼天剛健運行一樣，彰顯正義。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世紀，中國著名航海家鄭和七下西洋，到過三十幾個國家。他帶去了中國的茶葉、絲綢、瓷器，還幫助沿途有的國家剿滅海盜，真正做到了播仁愛于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.國強必霸，不適合中國。稱霸，既有悖于我們的文化傳統，也違背中國人民意志。中國的發展不損害任何人，也不威脅任何人。中國要做和平的大國、學習的大國、合作的大國，致力于建設一個和諧的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同國家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互學習。今天的中國，有3億人在學英語，有100多萬青年人在國外留學。我們的電視、廣播、出版等新聞傳媒，天天都在介紹世界各地的文化藝術。正因為我們善于在交流中學習，在借鑒中收獲，才有今天中國的繁榮和進步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.進入21世紀，經濟全球化、信息網絡化，已經把世界連成一體，文化的發展將不再是各自封閉的，而是在相互影響中多元共存。一個國家、一個民族對人類文化貢獻的大小，越來越取決于她吸收外來文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中國將永遠堅持開放兼容的方針，既珍視傳統，又博采眾長，用文明的方式、和諧的方式實現經濟繁榮和社會進步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士們，先生們！Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以強調用發展的眼光看中國，就是因為世界在變，中國也在變。如今的中國，早已不是一百年前封閉落后的舊中國，也不是30年前貧窮僵化的中國。經過改革開放，中國的面貌已煥然一新。北京奧運會向世界展示的，就是這樣一個古老、多彩和現代的中國。我希望朋友們，多到中國走一走、看一看，了解今天的中國人究竟在想什么、做什么、關心什么。這樣，有助于你們認識一個真實的、不斷發展變化著的中國，也有助于你們了解中國是如何應對當前這場全球性金融危機的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在這場前所未有的世界金融危機中，中國和包括英國在內的歐洲都受到嚴重沖擊。現在危機尚未見底，由此可能帶來的各種嚴重后果還難以預料。合作應對、共渡難關，是我們的首要任務。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我認為，應對全球性危機，需要增進合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中國政府主張：第一，要首先辦好各國自己的事情，不把麻煩推給別人；第二，要精誠合作，不搞以鄰為壑；第三，要標本兼治，不能頭疼醫頭、腳疼醫腳。我在達沃斯會議上已重申，應該對國際貨幣金融體系進行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的國際金融新秩序，努力營造有利于全球經濟發展的制度環境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.這里我想談一談中國是如何應對這場金融危機的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危機對中國實體經濟的影響日益顯現。從去年第三季度以來，出口大幅下滑，經濟增速放緩，就業壓力加大。中國經濟面臨著嚴峻的局面。面對危機，我們果斷決策，及時調整宏觀經濟政策取向，迅速出臺擴大國內需求的十項措施，陸續制定了一系列政策，形成了系統完整的促進經濟平穩較快發展的一攬子計劃。主要包括以下幾個方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are: 一是大規模增加政府支出擴大內需。中國政府推出了以財政支出帶動社會投資，總額達4萬億元的兩年計劃，規模相當于2007年中國ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、農村民生工程、鐵路交通等基礎設施、社會事業、生態環保建設和地震災后恢復重建。中國政府還推出了大規模的減稅計劃，一年可減輕企業和居民負擔約5000億元。我們還大幅度降息和增加銀行體系流動性，出臺了一系列金融措施。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范圍實施產業調整振興計劃。我們全面推進產業結構調整和優化升級，制定汽車、鋼鐵等十個重點產業的調整和振興規劃。我們采取經濟和技術的措施，大力推進節能減排，推進企業兼并重組，提高產業集中度和資源配置效率。我們鼓勵和支持企業廣泛應用新技術、新工藝、新設備、新材料，開發適銷對路產品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推進科技進步和創新。科技是克服金融危機的根本力量。每一場大的危機常常伴隨一場新的科技革命；每一次經濟的復蘇，都離不開技術創新。我們加快實施國家中長期科學和技術發展規劃，特別是核心電子器件、核能開發利用、高檔數控機床等16個重大專項，突破一批核心技術和關鍵共性技術，為中國經濟在更高水平上實現可持續發展提供科技支撐。推動發展高新技術產業群，培育新的經濟增長點。我們就是要依靠科學技術的重大突破，創造新的社會需求，催生新一輪的經濟繁榮。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社會保障水平。繼續提高企業退休人員基本養老金，提高失業保險金和工傷保險金標準，提高城鄉低保、農村五保等保障水平。積極推進醫藥衛生體制改革，力爭用三年時間基本建成覆蓋全國城鄉的基本醫療衛生制度，初步實現人人享有基本醫療衛生服務。我們堅持優先發展教育，正在制定《國家中長期教育改革和發展規劃綱要》。我們實施更加積極的就業政策，重點解決高校畢業生和農民工就業問題。開辟就業崗位，緩解就業壓力。我們采取這些措施，把擴大國內需求、調整振興產業、加強科技支撐、強化社會保障結合起來，把拉動經濟增長和改善民生、增加就業結合起來，把克服當前困難和促進長遠發展結合起來。這樣做，有利于中國的發展，也將給包括英國在內的世界各國企業帶來巨大的商機。Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.這場百年一遇的金融危機，留給世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人們，對現行的經濟體制和經濟理論，應該進行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中國曾長期實行高度集中的計劃經濟，把計劃看成是絕對的，束縛了生產力的發展。這場金融危機使我們看到，市場也不是萬能的，一味放任自由，勢必引起經濟秩序的混亂和社會分配的不公，最終受到懲罰。真正的市場化改革，決不會把市場機制與國家宏觀調控對立起來。既要發揮市場這只看不見的手的作用，又要發揮政府和社會監管這只看得見的手的作用。兩手都要硬，兩手同時發揮作用，才能實現按照市場規律配置資源，也才能使資源配置合理、協調、平衡、可持續。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.國際金融危機再次告訴人們，不受監管的市場經濟是多么可怕。從上世紀90年代以來，一些經濟體疏于監管，一些金融機構受利益驅動，利用數十倍的金融杠桿進行超額融資，在獲取高額利潤的同時，把巨大的風險留給整個世界。這充分說明，不受管理的市場經濟是注定行不通的。因此，必須處理好金融創新與金融監管的關系、虛擬經濟與實體經濟的關系、儲蓄與消費的關系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效應對這場危機，還必須高度重視道德的作用。道德是世界上最偉大的，道德的光芒甚至比陽光還要燦爛。真正的經濟學理論，決不會同最高的倫理道德準則產生沖突。經濟學說應該代表公正和誠信，平等地促進所有人，包括最弱勢人群的福祉。被譽為現代經濟學之父的亞當·斯密在《道德情操論》中指出：“如果一個社會的經濟發展成果不能真正分流到大眾手中，那么它在道義上將是不得人心的，而且是有風險的，因為它注定要威脅社會穩定。”道德缺失是導致這次金融危機的一個深層次原因。一些人見利忘義，損害公眾利益，喪失了道德底線。我們應該倡導：企業要承擔社會責任，企業家身上要流淌著道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士們，先生們！Ladies and Gentlemen, 英國是我這次歐洲之行的最后一站。這次訪問，加深了我對歐洲的了解。中歐合作已經站在一個新的歷史起點上。我對中歐發展全面戰略伙伴關系更加充滿信心。我們之間不存在歷史遺留問題，也不存在根本利害沖突。中歐合作基礎堅實，前景光明。英國是最早進入現代化的國家，你們在發展經濟、保護環境等方面，都有許多成功的經驗。我們愿意向你們學習，加強交流與合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未來屬于青年一代。中英關系的美好前景要靠青年去開拓。撫今追昔，我想起對中英文化交流作出重要貢獻的劍橋校友李約瑟博士。他的鴻篇巨著《中國科學技術史》，在東西方兩大文明之間架起了一座橋梁。繼承傳統、勇于創新，是劍橋大學的優秀品格。希望更多的劍橋人關注中國，用發展的眼光看中國，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英兩國青年相互學習，攜手共進，一定會譜寫出中英關系的嶄新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.謝謝大家！Thank you!溫家寶在第63屆聯大一般性辯論上發言

Mr President, 主席先生：

For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which causes grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.Thisgrand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.今年，對于中國來說，是不平凡的一年。我們經歷了兩件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震災害造成了巨大的生命財產損失。中國人民在災難面前表現了堅強、勇敢、團結和不屈不撓的精神。目前，受災群眾得到了妥善安置，恢復重建工作正在有條不紊地展開。第二件事是北京奧運會成功舉辦。這一體育盛會不僅為來自世界各地的運動員展示風采創造了良好的條件，而且讓世界更多地了解中國，讓中國更多地了解世界。在抗震救災和舉辦奧運會的過程中，我們得到了國際社會的廣泛理解、支持和幫助。在此，我代表中國政府和人民表示誠摯的感謝。

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere toan independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.世界都在關注北京奧運會后中國政治經濟走向。我可以明確地告訴大家，中國將繼續堅定不移地走和平發展道路，繼續堅持改革開放不動搖，繼續貫徹獨立自主的和平外交政策。這符合中國人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，順應世界潮流。

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western hina, are under developed.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges, dedicated ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.這次北京奧運會是在中國這樣一個最大的發展中國家舉行的。國際社會對中國政府和人民為此做出的努力給予了高度評價。奧運會的成功舉辦，使中國人民受到了極大的鼓舞，增強了實現現代化的信心和力量。同時，我們清醒地看到，中國有13億人口，雖然經濟總量已經位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城鄉發展和區域發展很不平衡，農村特別是西部地區農村還很落后，還有數以千萬計的人口沒有解決溫飽。中國仍然是一個發展中國家，生產力不發達的狀況沒有根本改變，進一步發展還受到資源、能源、環境等瓶頸的制約。中國的社會主義市場經濟體制還不完善，民主法制還不健全，一些社會問題還比較突出。中國實現現代化的任務還很繁重，道路還很漫長。擺在我們面前的機遇和挑戰都是空前的。抓住機遇，迎接挑戰，聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展，這就是中國政府和中國人民的理念和行動。

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.中國發展靠什么？靠改革開放。今年是中國改革開放30周年。改革開放從根本上改變了中國長期封閉落后和沉悶僵化的狀況，打破了束縛人們的思想桎梏，調動了億萬人民群眾的積極性，大大解放了生產力，有力地推動了經濟社會的大發展，給中國大地帶來了蓬勃生機和活力。中國30年的變化，得益于改革開放。中國要實現富強民主文明和諧的現代化目標，仍然要靠改革開放。改革開放是決定當代中國命運的關鍵抉擇，也是決定中國未來前途的戰略方向。中國堅持改革開放的政策是堅定不移的。中華民族自古以來就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采眾長的優秀傳統和智慧。今天，中國人更從30年改革開放的切身經驗中體會到，只有不斷而深入地推進經濟體制、政治體制等各項改革，才是經濟發展和社會進步的永恒動力；只有全面而持久地擴大對外開放，才是國家富強和民族繁榮的正確道路。這不但是實踐探索的結論，也是歷史經驗的總結。Mr.President, 主席先生： The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.世界需要和平，和平才能發展。中國要實現自己的發展目標，渴望有一個和平的國際環境。中國政府堅定不移地奉行獨立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各國加強合作，共同促進人類和平與發展的崇高事業。

Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firming in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.尊重主權和互不干涉內政是國與國之間發展關系的前提。近代屈辱的歷史使中國人民懂得，一個國家喪失主權，人民就沒有尊嚴和地位。中國堅決捍衛來之不易的國家主權和領土完整，決不允許任何外來干涉。同時，中國堅持平等相待，尊重別國的主權和領土完整，尊重各國人民自主選擇的社會制度和發展道路。

China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the well being of theworld's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.中國愿意在平等互利基礎上，同所有國家發展友好關系，不以意識形態和社會制度定親疏。在國際事務中，我們依照事情本身的是非曲直獨立作出判斷，根據國家利益和世界人民的福祉決定自己的立場，不盲從，不屈服于任何勢力。在國際關系中，中國不結盟，更不當頭，而且永遠不結盟、不當頭。

Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.和平解決國際爭端是聯合國的宗旨，也是國際法的基本原則。中國堅持以對話和協商的方式處理與其它國家的歷史遺留問題和現實分歧。同時，作為聯合國安理會常任理事國，中國將一如既往地為推動和平解決國際熱點問題和地區沖突發揮積極的建設性作用。

China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral trength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.中國的發展是和平的發展，不會損害任何人，也不會威脅任何人。中國現在不稱霸，將來也絕不稱霸。中國保持和發展適當的軍事力量，完全是為了維護國家主權和領土完整。當代中華民族的自信和榮光是建立在經濟發展、社會公正、國民素質和道德力量的基礎之上的。中國將以自身的發展促進世界的和平與發展。Mr.President, 主席先生：

In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been soclosely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate warming, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away fromthe difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.The ongoing financial volatility, in particular, has affected many countries and its impact is likely to become more serious.To tackle the challenge, we must all make concerted efforts.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an openmind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter and better future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.在人類漫長的發展史上，世界各國的命運從未像今天這樣緊密相連，休戚與共。面對氣候變暖、環境惡化、資源緊缺、疫病和自然災害頻發、恐怖主義蔓延等一系列威脅人類生存和發展的全球性問題，面對當前金融、能源、糧食三大難題交織爆發的嚴峻局面，任何一個國家都無法置身其外，也難以單獨應對。特別是當前國際金融動蕩，已經波及許多國家，影響還會加劇，各國應當通力合作，迎接挑戰。全世界的人們，包括各國的領導者，只要消除敵視、隔閡和偏見，以包容開放的胸懷坦誠相待，攜手前行，人類一定會戰勝各種困難，也一定會擁有一個更加光明美好的未來。中國作為一個負責的發展中大國，愿與國際社會一道，加強合作，共同分享機遇，應對挑戰，為推動實現世界的和諧與可持續發展貢獻力量。Thank you.謝謝大家！