第一篇：2018年大學英語四級語法精要

大學英語四級語法精要

Ⅰ動詞(時態,語態,用法,省略,一致性等)1.時態

1)現在完成進行時態(have/has been +-ing 分詞構成): 動作或狀態從過去某時開始,繼續到現在,可能繼續下去,也可能剛剛結束.I’ve been writing letters for an hour.I’ve been sitting in the garden.2)過去完成進行時(由had been + ing分詞構成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作

I’d been working for some time when he called.We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.3)將來完成進行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進行的動作.By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構成): 將來某時會業已發生的事.I shall have finished this one before lunch.They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.2.語態

1)可以有兩種被動結構的類型,例如: He was said to be jealous of her success.It was said that he was jealous of her success.能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動

詞,常

見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.The ship is supposed to have been sunk.擔當be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如: Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit.(你應該曉得速度限制)

2)雙賓語及賓補結構的被動語態

a)雙賓語結構的被動語態: 雙賓語結構變為被動語態時,可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變為主語,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數是把間接賓語變為主語.He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.b)賓補結構的被動語態:

She was called Big Sister by everybody.Then he was made a squad leader.He was considered quite qualified for the job.The room was always kept clean and tidy.3.短語動詞 1)Vi + adv The plane took off two hours late.2)Vi + prep They looked round the Cathedral.3)Vi + prep(有被動語態)She’s looking after her sister’s children.The children were always well looked after.4)Vi + adv + prep I began to look forward to their visits.5)Vt + O + adv Some women choose to stay at home and bring up their children.The children were brought up by their mother.They took him on.6)Vt + adv + O(無被動語態)I am trying to give up smoking.7)Vt + O + prep We talked Donald into agreement.4.省略

1)在以as, than, when, if, unless等引導的從句中的省略: 在有些狀語從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致a),或者主語是it b),就常常可以把從句中的主語和謂語的一部分(特別是動詞be)省略掉.a)Look out for cars when crossing the street.When taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.While there he joined in voluntary labour on a project.Although not yet six months old, she was able to walk without support.If not well managed, irrigation can be harmful.Though reduced in numbers, they gained in fighting capacity.This viewpoint, however understandable, is wrong.Enemies, once discovered, were tightly encircled and completely wiped out.She hurriedly left the room as though/if angry.She worked extremely hard though still rather poor in health.Fill in the application as instructed.Whenever known, such facts should be reported.The documents will be returned as soon as signed.He said that no acrobat could ever perform those daring feats unless trained very young.Once having made a promise, you should keep it.b)If necessary I’ll have the letter duplicated.Fill in the blanks with articles where(ver)necessary.If possible, I should like to have two copies of it.As scheduled, they met on January 20 at the Chinese Embassy.2）在以than a)或 as b)引起的從句中,常會有一些成分省略.a)He told me not to use more material than(it is)necessary.We should think more of the collective than of ourselves.b)They worked with as much enthusiasm as young people(did).He is now a vice-manager, but still often works in the kitchen as before.Their training is free, as is all education.We will, as always, stand on your side.3）錯誤的省略

His life is as fully committed to books as anyone I know.While standing there in her nightgown, two bullets struck the wall beside her.5.一致

1)如果主語是單數,盡管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, as much as, no less than, more than等引導的短語,謂語動詞仍舊用單數形式.Terry, along with her friend, goes skating every Saturday.An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.The captain, as well as the coaches, was disappointed in the team.2)代詞作主語時的一致

a)each, either, neither和由some, any, no, every構成的復合代詞,都作單數看待.Each of us has something to say.Is everybody ready? Somebody is using the phone.Neither of us has gone through regular training.Has either of them told you? b)some, few, both, many 等作復數

c)some 可后接復數,也可接單數,表示某一.none作復數看待時較多,但也有時作單數看待,主要看說話人腦中聯系想到的是復數還是單數概念, 但none 在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數: None of the books are easy enough for us None of us seem to have thought of it.None(= not a single one)of us has got a camera.None(= nobody)has felt it more keenly than she did.None of this worries me.all 和most 可后接復數,也可接不可數名詞(all of the?, most of the ?), 動詞用單數.3)由and 或 both? and 連接名詞詞組時, 后用復數;由not only?but(also), either?or, neither?nor或 or 連接的并列主語, 謂語通常和最鄰近的主語一致.Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.My sister or my brother is likely to be at home.Either you or Mr Yang is to do the work.Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.如果一個句子是由there 或here引導, 而主語又不止一個, 謂語通常也和最鄰近的那個主語一致.There was carved in the board a dragon and a phoenix.Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.4)people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽), militia(民兵)等通常都用作復數.Cattle are grazing on the pasture.The police are looking for him.有些集體名詞有時作單數看待, 有時作復數看待, 主要根據意思來決定.His family isn’t very large.His family are all music lovers.The committee meets twice a month.The committee are divided in opinion.The audience was enormous.The audience were greatly moved at the words.有些名詞單復數同形, 可根據意思決定謂語動詞的數: This new series is beginning next month.These new series are beginning next month.This species is now extinct.These species are now extinct.5)表示時間, 重量, 長度, 價值等的名詞, 盡管仍是復數形式, 如果作整體看待, 動詞也可用單數形式(當然用復數動詞也是可以的): Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.One hundred li was covered in a single night.6)其他問題

a)書名, 國家名用單數: Tales from Shakespeare is a book by Charles Lamb.b)學科名, 如mathematics, economics用單數.c)many a 或more than one 所修飾的詞作主語時, 謂語動詞多用單數形式: Many a person has had that kind of experience.More than one person has involved in the case.a number of 后接復數, the number of后接單數: A number of books have been published on the subject.The number of books published on the subject is simply amazing.d)one of those 后用單數.在“one of + 復數名詞 +關系分句”結構中，關系分句中謂語動詞的單復數形式在一般情況下有兩形式，一是根據先行詞采用復數形式：

Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.當one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關系分句謂語動詞根據one 而定，即采用單數形式：

He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take on another assignment.Ⅱ 非謂語動詞

1.不定式

1)形式 主動形式 被動形式

to do to be done to have done to have been done to be doing

一般式 完成式 進行式

完成進行式 to have been doing

a)完成式: 不定式的一般形式所表示的動作, 通常與主要謂語表示的動作(狀態)同時(或幾乎同時)發生, 或是在它之后發生.假如不定式所表示的動作, 在謂語所表示的動作(狀態)之前發生, 就要用不定式的完成式.I am glad to have seen your mother(= I am glad I have seen your mother).(比較: I am glad to see you.)He is said to have written a new book about workers.He pretended not to have seen me.b)進行式: 如果主要謂語表示的動作(狀態)發生時, 不定式表示的動作正在進行, 這時要用不定式的進行式.You are not supposed to be working.You haven’t quite recovered yet.We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here.He pretended to be listening attentively.c)完成進行式: 在謂語所表示的時間之前一直進行的動作, 就要用不定式的完成進行式.The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years.We are happy to have been working with you.d)被動式: 當不定式的邏輯上的主語是不定式所表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式一般要用被動形式.It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.She hated to be flattered.He wanted the letter to be typed at once.This is bound to be found out.There are a lot of things to be done.She was too young to be assigned such work.2)功用: 不定式可以作主語(a), 賓語(b), 表語(c), 定語(d)或是狀語(e).a.To scold her would not be just.b.We are planning to build a reservoir here.c.One of our main tasks now is to mechanize agriculture.d.Do you have anything to declare? e.We have come to learn from you.3)不帶to 的不定式:

a)在“動詞+ 賓語+不定式”結構中, 如果動詞是表示感覺意義的see, hear, watch, smell, feel, notice等, 或是表示“致使”意義的 have, make, let等, 其后的不定式結構不帶to.John made her tell him everything.這類結構轉換為被動語態時, 后面的不帶to 的不定式一般還原為帶to 的不定式.She was made to tell him everything.b)在 had better, had best, would rather, would sooner, would just as soon, might(just)as well, cannot but 等搭配之后, 動詞不定式也不帶to.I’d rather not have eggs and bacon for breakfast.They cannot but accept his term.c)在make do, make believe, let drop, let fall, let fly, let slip, let drive, let go of, let there be, hear say, hear tell, leave go of等固定搭配中, 用不帶to的動詞不定式.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me.I’ve heard tell of him.d)在動詞help(或help +賓語)之后可用不帶to的不定式, 也可用帶to的不定式.Can I help(to)lift this heavy box?

e)在介詞except, but 之后, 如果其前有動詞do的某種形式, 不定式一般不帶to, 反之帶to.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.Smith will do anything but work on a farm.There’s no choice but to wait till it stops raining.f)連詞 rather than, sooner than 置于句首時, 其后的不定式不帶to.Rather than push the book back as he wanted to do, he forced himself to pick it up.出現在句中其他位置時, 其后的不定式有時帶to, 有時不帶to.He decided to write rather than telephone.The manager believes it is important to invest in new machinery rather than to increase wages.g)用作補語的動詞不定式, 如果主語是由“all + 關系分句”，“thing +關系分句”，“what分句”或“thing +不定式結構”等構成，并帶有do的某種形式，這時，作為主語補語的不定式可以省to，也可以不省.What he will do is(to)spoil the whole thing.All you do now is complete the form The only thing I can do now is go on by myself.The thing to do now is clear up this mess.The least I can do is drive everybody else closer to the issue.4)不定式的其他用法

a)too?to 結構通常表示否定意義: She was too young to understand all that.enough?to結構則表示肯定意義: She was not old enough to understand all that.not too, but too, all too, only too等和不定式連用時,不定式一般不表示否定意義: He’s only too pleased to help her.so?as(to)這種結構也可用不定式作狀語: Be so kind as to drop in some time when you are free.b)如果要說明不定是表示的動作是誰做的, 可以在不定式前加一個for引起的短語: It is not hard for one to do a bit of good.It is a great honour for us to be present at this rally.在以某些形容詞(如 kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等)作表語時, 不定式前可加一個of引起的短語, 來說明不定式指的是誰的情況: It’s kind of you to think so much of us.(It is)Awfully good of you to come and meet us.It’s very nice of you to be so considerate.It’s unwise of them to turn down the proposal.2.V+ing形式(現在分詞及動名詞)1)形式

a)完成式: 如果要表示動名詞代表的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生, 通常用動名詞的完成形式.He didn’t mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.在某些動詞后(或成語中), 常用(或可以用)動名詞的一般形式, 盡管動作是在謂語所表示的動作之前發生的.Excuse me for coming late.I don’t remember ever seeing him anywhere.現在分詞的完成式主要用在狀語中, 表示這動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發生.Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.Having found the cause, they were able to propose a remedy.另外, 獨立結構也可用現在分詞的完成形式.The guests having left, they resumed their discussion.The children, having eating their fill, were allowed to leave the table.b)被動式: 當一個動名詞邏輯上的主語所表示的是這動作的對象時, 動名詞一般要用被動形式.His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.He couldn’t bear being made fun of like that.但要注意, 在want, need, deserve, require 等動詞后, 盡管表示的是被動的意思, 卻用動名詞的主動形式.My pen needs filling.The point deserves mentioning.This problem requires studying with great care.在worth這個形容詞后情形也是這樣.Her method is worth trying.現在分詞的被動式可以用來作定語, 賓語補足語, 狀語及用于獨立結構中.This is one of the experiments being carried on in our laboratory.You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.These are sold at reduced prices, the defects always being pointed out to the customers.c)完成被動式: 如果表示的動作在謂語表示的動作之前發生, 有時需要用動名詞的完成被動式.I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但在多數情況下都避免使用這一形式, 而用一般被動形式代替, 以免句子顯得累贅.現在分詞的完成被動式一般用來作狀語或用于獨立結構中.Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away? The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.All the compositions having been written and collected, the teacher sent the students home.2)句法功用

a)作主語: Walking is good exercise.It’s nice talking to you.There is no denying the fact that the new method has greatly raised labour productivity.b)作賓語: Your shoes need polishing.You mustn’t delay sending the tractors over.He avoided giving us a definite answer.c)作介詞賓語: 動名詞作介詞賓語用的時候最多.它常可以用在某些成語后面, 常見的有: insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect?of, accuse?of, charge?with, hear of, approve of, prevent?from, keep?from, stop?from, refrain from, be engaged in, look forward to, opposed to, depend on, thank…for, feel like, excuse…for, aim at, devote…to, set about, spend…in, get(be)used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired of, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel(be)ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for.d)作表語: The real problem is getting to know the needs of the people.動名詞和不定式都可以作主語或表語.一般說來, 在表示抽象的一般的行為時多用動名詞;在表示具體某詞動作, 特別是將來的動作時, 多用不定式.e)作賓語補足語: 分詞可以在see, hear, notice, watch, feel, find, keep, get, have等動詞后作賓語補足語.The words immediately set us all laughing.Once we caught him dozing off in class.His remark left me wondering what he was driving at.在see, hear, feel, watch, notice等動詞后, 及可用現在分詞, 也可用不定式構成賓語補足語.用現在分詞時, 表示動作正在發生, 用不定式時表示動作發生了.Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did.I heard him knock three times.f)作狀語: 現在分詞作狀語時, 通常都表示主語正在進行的另一動作, 來對謂語表示的主要動作加以修飾或作為陪襯.I ran out of the house shouting.I got home, feeling very tired.Driving to Chicago that night, I was struck by a sudden thought.現在分詞短語有時可以用作狀語表示原因, 相當于一個表示原因的狀語從句.Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.現在分詞短語有時可用作時間狀語, 相當于when引起的從句: Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those memorable days they spent together.如果兩個動作是完全同時發生的, 多用when 或while加分詞這種結構.Be careful when crossing the street.When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.She got to know them while attending a conference in Beijing.3)前面帶有代詞或名詞的動名詞結構: 一個動名詞前面可以加一個物主代詞(或名詞的所有格結構), 來表示這個動名詞邏輯上的主語.Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Our sole worry is your relying too much on yourself.Do you mind my reading your paper? They insisted on my staying there for supper.如果不是在句子開頭, 這個結構常常可以用名詞的普通格(或人稱代詞賓格), 這比用所有格更自然一些.I don’t mind him going.She hates people losing their temper.4)只能用動名詞作賓語的動詞: suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can’t help, mind, admit, enjoy, leave off, require, postpone, put off, delay, practise, fancy, excuse, pardon, advise, consider, deny, endure, escape, miss

5)既可用動名詞, 也可用不定式作賓語的動詞: love, like, hate, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等.有時兩種結構之間意義差別不大, 有時卻有不同的意思.在remember, regret, want, try等詞后差別是比較明顯的.I remember seeing her once somewhere.I must remember to take my notebooks with me.I regret not having accepted your advice.I regret to say I haven’t given you enough help.She doesn’t want(need)to come.The house wants(needs)cleaning.We must try to get everything done in time.Let’s try doing the work some other way.6)懸垂修飾: 分詞作狀語時, 表示的必須是主語的一個動作或狀態.Walking through the park, we saw a lot of flowers.(walking是we的動作, 正確)Walking through the park, the flowers looked very beautiful.(錯誤)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city.(正確)Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen.(錯誤)3.分詞

1)意義: 過去分詞通常來自及物動詞, 帶有被動意義和完成意義;而現在分詞有的來自及物動詞, 有的來自不及物動詞, 通常帶有主動意義和未完成意義.frozen food

a freezing wind a boring journey a losing battle a bored traveller a lost cause

a conquered army a conquering army a finished article the spoken word a closed shop a recorded talk

來自不及物動詞的過去分詞很少能單獨用作前置修飾語, 能作這樣用的僅限于下面幾個詞, 僅表示完成意義, 不表示被動意義.the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students，the last finishing touch a speaking bird the closing hour a recording machine retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-arrived visitors 用作后置修飾語的過去分詞一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分, 在意義上相當于關系分句.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.2)句法作用

a)作定語: distinguished guest 貴賓, unknown heroes 無名英雄, armed forces武裝部隊, canned food罐頭食品, boiled water開水, steamed bread饅頭, stricken area災區

分詞還可構成合成詞作定語: simply-furnished room陳設簡單的房間, clear-cut answer明確的答復, highly-developed industry高度發展的工業, heartfelt thanks衷心的感謝, hand-made goods手工制品, man-made satellite人造衛星

b)作補足語: 可以帶過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞有: see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感覺和心理狀態的動詞.I saw the students assembled in the hall.We found her greatly changed.make, get, have, keep等表示”致使”意義的動詞: I have my hair cut every ten days.She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.like, want, wish, order等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意義的動詞: I don’t want any of you(to be)involved in the scandal.He won’t like such questions(to be)discussed at the meeting.c)過去分詞短語常用作狀語, 修飾謂語, 很多都說明動作發生的背景或情況.Guided by these principles, they went on with the work, Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.過去分詞短語也可作狀語表示原因, 相當于一個表示原因的狀語從句.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.有時也可說明動作發生的時間, 相當于一個表示時間的狀語從句.This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, resulted in a marked rise in total production.間或也可表示一個假設的情況, 相當于一個條件從句.Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.偶爾也可用來代替一個“讓步”狀語從句.Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years.d)獨立結構: 在用分詞短語作狀語時, 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一.致.但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯上的主語, 這種結構稱為獨立結構, 一般表示一種伴隨的動作或情況.He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.有時可以表示時間: Late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.表示原因: Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.條件: All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.Ⅲ 虛擬語氣

1.that從居中:

1)wish, would rather(sooner), had better: I wish I were as strong as you.I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.I wish I remembered the address.I would rather they came tomorrow(you had gone there too).I had rather(that)you told him than I did.2)suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等動詞后的賓語從句: The commander ordered that all civilians(should)be evacuated.He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.She urged that he write and accept the post.3)it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等結構后的主語從句中.It was arranged that they leave the following week It will be better that we meet some other time.4)suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea等后面的表語從句和同位語從句: His sole requirement is(was)that thy system be adjusted.2.在某些句型中

1)it is time that It is time that we went(或should go)to bed.It is high time we(should)put an end to this controversy.2)as if(though)引起的從句: They talked(are talking)as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was(were)spring today.He acts(acted)as if(though)he were(was)an expert.3)以lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句(這時謂語多用 should +動詞原形): He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that(或lest)he should catch cold.I’ll keep a seat for you in case you should need it.4)以whatever, whoever, no matter what這類代詞或詞組引起的從句(這時, 謂語多用may加動詞原形構成): Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.Come what may, we will go ahead.干下去.I accept that he is old and frail;be that as it may, he’s still a good politician.我承認他年老體衰, 然而盡管如此, 它仍是優秀的政治家.3.條件句

1)虛擬條件句主要有下面兩類:

a)表示現在及將來情況(表示純然假設或實現的可能性不大的情況): 謂語主要形式如下(be多用were這個形式): 從句 主句 過去式 would + 動詞原形

不管發生什么情況, 我們都要If I were you, I wouldn’t lose heart.How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.b)表示過去情況的虛擬條件句(與事實完全相反的假設情況), 謂語主要形式如下:

從句 主句 had + 過去分詞 would have + 過去分詞

She would have come if we had invited her.If I hadn’t taken your advice, I would have made a bad mistake, You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.2)有時候, 條件從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作, 發生的時間是不一致的(如一個是過去發生的, 一個是現在發生的).這時, 動詞的形式要根據表示的時間來調整.這種句子可以稱為錯綜時間條件句.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If we hadn’t got everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.3)有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示, 而是通過一個介詞短語來表示.Without music, the world would be a dull place.We could have done better under more favorable conditions.That would have been considered miraculous in the past.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.4)如果條件句從句中包含有 were, had, should 或could, 有時可把if省略掉, 并把were, had, should或could放在主語前面.Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.Should there be a flood, what should we do? Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty.Ⅳ 介詞

1.合成介詞和復雜介詞

1)合成介詞: inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon within, without

2)復雜介詞: according to, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, in accordance with, on account of, on behalf of, owing to, due to, together with, up to, with regard to, prior to等

2.介詞在句末:

This is what he is interested in.Does everyone has a seat to sit on?

3.名詞加介詞(n + prep)1)某些名詞之后要求用某些介詞: solution to, faith in, glance at, need for 2)某些名詞之前要求用某些介詞: on one’s guard, at one’s request, in all probability, to my delight

4.動詞加介詞

1)Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon 2)Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等 3)Vi + adv + prep:

I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.The family came up against fresh problems.You’re not telling me the whole story.You’re holding out on me.She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.4)Vt + O + adv +prep:

You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.5.形容詞加介詞

about---anxious, careful, careless, certain, considerate, enthusiastic, guilty, happy, mad, particular, sad, sure, timid, unhappy, etc at---awkward, bad, clever, disappointed, disgusted, good, marvellous, quick, skilful, skilled, useless, weak, etc for---convenient, eligible, grateful, homesick, hungry, necessary, noted, perfect, responsible, etc from---evident, exempt, inseparable, safe, tired, etc in---deficient, expert, liberal, quick, rich, successful, weak, etc of---apprehensive, characteristic, critical, destructive, envious, hard, inconsiderate, impatient, dependent, jealous, positive, scared, sensible, short, sick, suspicious, typical, worthy, etc on---dependent, keen, intent, etc to---acceptable, accessible, agreeable, alive, attentive, blind, comparable, courteous, deaf, destructive, essential, favourable, hostile, indifferent, married, obedient, parallel, preferable, related, responsible, sensitive, suitable, unjust, etc with---awkward, bored, careful, disappointed, generous, identical, ill, impatient, popular, sick, wrong, etc Ⅴ 連詞 1.并列連詞

1)表示意義的引申: and, both?and, not only?but(also), as well as, and ?as well, neither?nor 2)表示選擇: or, either?or 3)表示轉折: but, while, whereas, yet, however/nevertheless(也可認為是副詞)4)表示因果: for, so, therefore, hence 2.從屬連詞

1)表示時間: when, while, as, after, before, since, until(till), as soon as, once 2)表示原因: because, as, since, now that, seeing that 3)表示條件: if, unless, in case, provided(that), suppose, as long as, on condition(that)，4)表示其他關系:(al)though, than, as/so?as, lest, in order that, so?that

Ⅵ 定語從句

1.限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞詞組不可缺少的一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確;非限制性定語從句屬于補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞(my, his, etc)或形容詞性指示代詞(this, that, etc)作限定詞, 其后的定語從句通常都是非限制性的: Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.2.定語從句的引導詞

1)that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that(作主語時用who較多).如果關系代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.Here is the man(whom)you’ve been looking for.He is a man(that)you can safely depend on.The people(who/that)you were talking to were Swedes.There are some people here who I want you to meet.但在介詞后只能用whom: This is the man to whom I referred.但在口語中一般都把介詞放到句子后面去, 這時可用that, 但省略時更多一些.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking? Have you met the person(that)he was speaking about

The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.The girl(who/that)I spoke to is my cousin.2)限制性定語從句如果修飾“物”, 用關系代詞that的時候較多, 也有時用which..當這個代詞在從句中是用作賓語時, 在絕大多數情況下都是省略的, 特別是口語中(尤其是當被修飾的詞是all, everything等詞時): Have you everything you need?(Is there)anything I can do for you? All you have to do is to press the button.在介詞后只能用which, 在口語中一般都把介詞放到從句后部去, 這時可以用that, 但省略的時候更多一些: The tool with which he is working is called a wrench.The tool(that)he is working with is called a wrench.This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.This is the question(that)we’ve had so much discussion about.定語從句一般是修飾名詞或代詞的, 但間或也可以修飾整個句子a), 或是句子的一部分 b), 引導詞用which: a)They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted

b)When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping.She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.3)whose: 在表示“．．．的”這個概念時, 可用所有格 whose;whose 用于指物, 有時可與of which交替使用, 通常的詞序是 名詞詞組 + of which:

Is there anyone in your class whose family is in the northeast? We had a meeting whose purpose was completely unclear.(…the purpose of which was…)He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.(…whose name I’ve…)

of which前的名詞詞組也可以由some, any, none, all, both, several, enough, many, most, few以及基數詞擔任;這些詞也能用在 of whom之前.The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.It’s a family of eight children, all of whom are studying music.4)關系副詞 when, where, why: 它們的含義相當于 at which, in which, for which, 因此它們之間有交替使用的可能.The day when he was born…

The office where he works…

有時可用that替代關系副詞, 在口語中that 可省略.Every time(that)the telephone rings, he gets nervous.at which he works… which he works at…

on which he was born…

which he was born on… This was the first time I had serious trouble with my boss.Do you know anywhere(that)I can get a drink? This is the place(where)we met yesterday.That is the reason(why)he did it.在the way 后也可用that 替代in which, 在口語中that也可省略.This is the way(that/in which)he did it.That’s the way I look at it.3.如果定語從句中謂語為 there is, 作主語的關系代詞也常可省掉: I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people.This is the fastest train(that)there is to Nanjing.4.定語從句的簡化: 定語從句與不定式結構,-ing分詞結構,-ed分詞結構以及無動詞分句等有著轉換關系.He was the only one to realize the danger(= who realized the danger).The woman driving the car(= who was driving the car)indicated that she was going to turn left.The man injured by the bullet(= who was injured by the bullet)was taken to hospital.All the women present(= who were present)looked up in alarm.Ⅶ 倒裝

1.全部倒裝和部分倒裝: 如果謂語在主語前面, 就是倒裝語序.倒裝語序又分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝.在全部倒裝的句子中, 整個謂語都放在主語的前面:

Here are some registered letters for you.In came a man with a white beard.在部分倒裝的句子中只是謂語中的一部分(如助動詞, 情態動詞, 或系動詞be等)放在主語前面, 其余部分仍在主語后面: Under no circumstances must a soldier leave his post.I couldn’t answer the question.Nor could anyone else in our class.Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned glorious task.2.以neither, nor, so等開始的句子: 由so引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(肯定句), 由neither, nor引起的表示前面所說情況也適用于另一人(或東西)的句子(否定句), 助動詞或be置于主語前.“We must start for the work-site now”.“ So must we.” I am quite willing to help and so are the others.He didn’t drop any hint.Nor(Neither)did his secretary.“I won’t do such a thing.” “Nor(Neither)will I.”

如果一個句子只是重復前面一句話的意思, 盡管是用so開頭, 語序也不要顛倒.“It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “Tomorrow will be Monday.” “So it will.”

3.當句首狀語為 never, little, not only, not until, hardly, scarcely等否定詞或有否定意義的詞語時, 一般引起部分倒裝.No longer are they staying with us.No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill.Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle.4.表示位置或方向的副詞提前, 謂語動詞為 go, come等表示位置轉移的動作動詞而主語又較長時, 通常用全部倒裝: There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat.The door burst open and I rushed the crowd.There comes the bus!Now comes your turn.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序: There comes your turn.有here引起, 謂語為be的句子, 也要倒裝: Here is China’s largest tropical forest.Here are some picture-books.如果主語是代詞, 仍用正常語序: Here we are.This is the new railway station.“Give me some paper.” “Here you are.”

5.表語和系動詞提前:

a)介詞短語: On the other side was northern Xinjiang.Near the southern end of the village was a large pear orchard.b)形容詞: Very important in the farmer’s life is the radio weather report.Worst of all were the humiliations he suffered.c)副詞: Below is a restaurant.Southwest of the reservoir were 2,000 acres of sandy wasteland.d)分詞: Housed in the Cultural Palace are a library, an auditorium and recreation rooms.Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zink.6)句首狀語若由 only + 副詞，only + 介詞詞組, only + 狀語

Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17.Standing beside the table was an interpreter.從句構成, 引起局部倒裝:

Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets.Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end.有not only開頭的句子或分句, 往往引起局部倒裝: Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either.Ⅷ 比較級和最高級

1.無比較級和最高級的形容詞及副詞: complete, perfect, utter, etc

2.比較從句

1)as…as, almost/just/nearly as…as, not so/as …as: We’ll give you as much help as we can.I haven’t made as much progress as I should.We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as we did ten years ago.My command of English is not half so(as)good as yours.2)than, so much/a lot more than, no more… than, not more…than, less than more?than, less?than可表示“與其說?不如說?”: He is more good than bad.He was less hurt than frightened.The present crisis in capitalist countries is much more a political than an economic crisis.“no + 形容詞或副詞比較級 + than”所表示的可以是該形容詞或副詞的相反的含義: no rich than = as poor as no bigger than = as small as no later than = as early as John is no better than Tom.I have taken no more than six courses this semester.3)the more? the more(越是?就越?)Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels.The more they talked, the more encouraged they felt.4)more of a, as much of a, less of a, etc: 當as much of a?as, more/less of a ?than等結構與單數可數名詞搭配時, 名詞只能置于比較結構中間.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.Ⅸ 名詞性從句: 名詞性從句包括主語從句, 賓語從句, 表語從句, 同位語從句.1.主語從句有三類: a)由what等代詞引導的主語從句: what表示“?所?的(東西)”, 在結構上等于一個名詞加一個定語從句;whatever表示“所?的一切”;whoever表示“一切?的人”.What you need is more practice What is hard is to do good all one’s life and never do anything bad.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever I have is at your service.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.b)由連詞that引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句在大多數情況下都放到句子后部去, 而用代詞it做形式上的主語: That we need more equipment is quite obvious.It is impossible that I may not able to come.It doesn’t seem likely that she will be here.在口語中連詞that有時可以省略掉: It’s good you’re so considerate.It’s a pity you missed such a fine talk.c)由連接代詞或連接副詞(或whether)引起的主語從句: 這類主語從句, 也可以放到句子后部去, 前面用it做形式上的主語.When we shall have our sports meet is still a question.It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet.Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.It won’t make too much difference whether he will join us.2賓語從句: 和主語從句及表語從句一樣, 賓語從句也有以上三類.a)連接代詞或副詞引導的從句只是在某些動詞后能用作賓語.Tell me what you want.I just can’t imagine how he could have done such a thing.Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate.能跟這類賓語從句的常見動詞有: see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discover, discuss, understand, inform, advise等.這種動詞后也常用whether或if引導的從與作賓語:

這種從句有時前面可以有另一個賓語: Has she informed you when they are to hold the meeting? I don’t know whether these figure are accurate.I’m wondering if the letter is overweight.Please advise me which book I should read first.有時這種從句也可用作及詞的賓語: Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.I was curious as to what he would say next.b)用that引導的從句作賓語的情形最為普遍, 在很多動詞如boast, say, think, insist, wish, hope, suppose, see, believe, agree, acknowledge, admit, deny, expect, explain, confess, order, command, suspect, dream, suggest, propose, know, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, report, urge, 以及doubt的否定和疑問式后面都可以用它.Ⅹ 情態動詞:

1.may/might表示允許和可能:

a)允許: 詢問或說明一件事可不可以做.May I trouble you with a question? You may take this seat if you like.He asked if he might glance through my album.You might as well speak your mind.(比may?顯得婉轉一些)

b)可能: 表示一件事或許發生(或是某種情況可能會存在).You may walk ten miles without seeing a house.She was afraid they might not like the idea.A bad thing might be turned to good account.c)might 表示請求: Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?(比May I ?更客氣一些)

2.can’t, couldn’t表示否定的推測: She can’t be serious.A more suitable book can’t be found.(It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)He couldn’t(can’t)be over fifty.3.should, ought to: 表示應該做的事, ought to比should口氣稍重一些.You should(ought to)do as he says.You shouldn’t(oughtn’t to)talk like that.但這兩者間也有一些差別, 在表示責任, 義務等該做的事情時, 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做時, 多用should, 在下面的句子中這兩

第二篇：大學英語四級常考語法總結

大學英語四級常考語法總結

一、虛擬語氣。應著重復習能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往采用“should+動詞原形”;虛擬倒裝句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用適當形式表達主觀愿望;混合虛擬句。

二、獨立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，其中一個分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨立主格結構。兩種結構都做狀語，不同的是獨立主格結構有自己的邏輯主語。

三、時態。英語中共有16個時態。四級考試中出現最多的是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。

四、名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點，用什么引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什么成分，從句的語序等均有可能成為考點。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應適當復習。

五、主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據實際情況判斷謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語時謂語動詞多采用復數形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and連接的成分表單一概念時謂語動詞用單數;就近原則：主語中含有某些連詞(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)時，謂語動詞的數同第一個主語保持一致。

六、倒裝結構。分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區別，as在倒裝結構中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應當重視的地方。

七、非謂語動詞。①根據非謂語動詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關系，確定使用主動語態或被動語態，然后考慮采用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過去分詞;②非謂語動詞同主句謂語動詞動作發生的先后關系。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發生或不分先后發生的用現在現在分詞一般式或過去分詞;在主句謂語動詞之前發生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發生在主句謂語動詞之后的多用不定式一般式;③表狀態多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。

第三篇：大學英語四級七種語法特點介紹篇

2012大學英語四級考試語法基礎精講:大學英語四級七種語法特點介紹篇

在歷年詞匯與結構的題中語法部分約占40%，詞匯部分約占60%，而且多有交叉。總的來說語法題主要有以下考點：虛擬語氣。強調說話人的主觀愿望和假想情況。考生應著重復習能引起虛擬語氣的某些介詞、介詞短語和連詞(如lest，incase，otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令、緊要等概念的詞語，由于本身隱含說話人的主觀愿望，其后的主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句往往采用“should+動詞原形”;虛擬倒裝句;在wouldrather，wish，asif，it?stimethat等句型中使用適當形式表達主觀愿望;混合虛擬句。

2.主謂一致。這類考題靈活性大，需要根據實際情況判斷謂語動詞的單復數形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語時謂語動詞多采用復數形式，如people，poultry，militia等;用and連接的成分表單一概念時謂語動詞用單數;就近原則：主語中含有某些連詞(如aswellas，besides，inadditionto等)時，謂語動詞的數同第一個主語保持一致。

3.倒裝結構。表示強調或突出，分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區別，as在倒裝結構中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應當重視的地方。

4.非謂語動詞。這是詞匯與結構考試中語法部分的重中之重，解題時可以從三個方面入手：①根據非謂語動詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語的一致關系，確定使用主動語態或被動語態，然后考慮采用現在分詞、現在分詞被動式或過去分詞;②非謂語動詞同主句謂語動詞動作發生的先后關系。動作正在進行的用現在分詞進行式，同時發生或不分先后發生的用現在現在分詞一般式或過去分詞;在主句謂語動詞之前發生的用現在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發生在主句謂語動詞之后的多用不定式一般式;③表狀態多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。

5.獨立主格題。一般說來，在句子中沒有連接詞的情況下，逗號是無力連接兩個句子的，其中一個分句要么是非謂語形式，要么是獨立主格結構。這兩種結構都做狀語，不同的是獨立主格結構有自己的邏輯主語。

6.時態。英語中一共有16個時態，最常用的5個時態是一般現在時、現在進行時、一般過去式、一般將來時和現在完成時。四級考試中出現最多的考點是將來完成時、現在完成時、過去完成時和完成進行時。針對這一題型，考生首先要抓住的就是時間狀語，是現在時間、將來時間還是過去時間?是短暫時間還是延續性時間?

7.名詞性從句。形容詞性的定語從句是考核的重點，用什么引導詞，引導詞前面的介詞形式，引導詞在從句中做什么成分(做賓語、主語還是狀語等)，從句的語序等等均有可能成為考點。此外，主語從句、同位語從句、賓語從句也應適當復習。

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第四篇：大學英語四級作文萬能

大學英語四級作文模板：解決方法題型

要求考生列舉出解決問題的多種途徑

1． 問題現狀

2． 怎樣解決(解決方案的優缺點)

In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(說明Ａ的現狀)．Second,---------------(舉例進一步說明現狀)

Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解決方法一).For another-------------(解決方法二).Finally,--------------(解決方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解決方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(帶來的好處).大學英語四級作文模板：對比選擇型作文模板

When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views.Some contend that＿＿＿＿.For one thing,＿＿＿＿.For another,＿＿＿.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿.Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿.It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments.It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿.大學英語四級作文模板：說明利弊題型

這種題型往往要求先說明一下現狀，再對比事物本身的利弊，有時也會單從一個角度（利或弊）出發，最后往往要求考生表明自己的態度（或對事物前景提出預測）

1． 說明事物現狀

2． 事物本身的優缺點（或一方面）

3． 你對現狀（或前景）的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First----------------(Ａ的優點之一).Besides-------------------（A的優點之二）.But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一個缺點)．To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二個缺點)．

Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．

(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way,---------------(對前景的預測)．)

大學英語四級作文模板：現象解釋型作文模板：

Recently, ＿＿＿＿What amazes us most is＿＿＿＿＿．It is true that ＿＿＿＿＿.There are many reasons explaining ＿＿＿＿＿＿．The main reason is＿＿＿＿＿，What is more, ＿＿＿＿＿，Thirdly, ＿＿＿＿＿．As a result, ＿＿＿＿＿．

Considering all these, ＿＿＿＿＿．For one thing, ＿＿＿＿For another, ＿＿＿＿．In conclusion, ＿＿＿＿．

大學英語四級作文模板：議論文的框架

(1)不同觀點列舉型（選擇型）

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 觀點一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___觀點一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___觀點二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的議論文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文題目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___優點一______.And secondly ___優點二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺點一______.In addition, ____缺點二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.(3)答題性議論文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文題目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know，there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途徑一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)諺語警句性議論文

It is well known to us that the proverb: “ ___諺語_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____諺語的含義_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job..大學英語四級作文模板：問題解決型作文模板：

With the ＿＿＿＿of＿＿＿＿，So it is of great importance for us to＿＿＿＿.On the one hand＿＿＿＿, On the other hand＿＿＿＿，However, we have figured out many ways to ＿＿＿＿＿．Firstly, ＿＿＿＿So long as＿＿＿＿.Secondly＿＿＿＿, Thirdly＿＿＿＿．In fact＿＿＿＿, That is because ＿＿＿＿.In a word,＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．

opinion is both sound and well-grounded.大學英語四級作文模板：實用性寫作(申請信)

Your address

Month, Date, year

Receiver''s address

Dear...，I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in....And I would like to write a letter to tell you that.../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising..../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.Best regards for your health and success.Sincerely yours，X X X

大學英語四級作文模板：對比觀點題型

（1）要求論述兩個對立的觀點并給出自己的看法。

1． 有一些人認為。。

2． 另一些人認為。。

3． 我的看法。。

The topic of ①-----------------（主題）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more, ③-------------理由二).Moreover, ④---------------(理由三).But others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-----------------(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥------------------（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),⑦------------------(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的觀點）.The reason is that ⑨--------------------(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.[NextPage]

（2）給出一個觀點，要求考生反對這一觀點

Some people believe that ①----------------（觀點一）.For example, they think ②-----------------（舉例說明）．And it will bring them ③-----------------(為他們帶來的好處).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④-------------(我不同意該看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤-----------------(反對的理由之二)．

Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------(我對文章所討論主題的看法)．

大學英語四級作文模板：現象說明文

Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is true that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main reason is____________________.what is more_________________________.Thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all these,________________________.For one thing_____________________,for another________

____.In Conclusion____________________.一種事物或現象（負面意義傾向）

大學英語四級作文模板：闡述主題題型

要求從一句話或一個主題出發，按照提綱的要求進行論述。

1． 闡述名言或主題所蘊涵的意義。

2． 分析并舉例使其更充實。

The good old proverb----------------（名言或諺語）reminds us that----------------(釋義).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(舉例說明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(舉例說明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．

In my opinion,----------------(我的觀點).In short, whatever you do, please remember the saying------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.

第五篇：2017大學英語四級作文

2017四級寫作必背范文、句型、模板

1、就業

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Jobs for Graduates.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1、大學生難找工作，2、原因很多，3、解決的辦法。

Job hunting has always been a headache for college students.Though many graduates are employed right after graduation, some are not.Most serious of all, some still have no idea where to go working even a long time after graduation.The reasons for this phenomenon are various.On the one hand, a few years ago colleges and universities enrolled so many students in popular majors, such as economy, finance and so on that the number of graduates was greater than the need in the market.On the other hand, most graduates would rather stay in large cities without suitable job to do than go to the country.I reckon this problem can be solved if both colleges and students take measures.First, they should research the market and develop special skills to suit its need.Second, students’ attitude towards employment should be changed.They should go to small cities and country.There they can also give full play to their professional knowledge.In a word, if we pay much attention, the situation can be improved.找工作對很多大學畢業生來講已經變成了非常頭疼的問題。盡管很多人在畢業之后馬上找到工作，還是有些人沒有找到。最為嚴重的是，有些人在畢業很長時間之后，還不知道去哪找工作。

產生這一現象的原因有很多。首先，幾年前各大學院和大學錄取了這么多經濟、金融等熱門專業的學生，以至于畢業生的數量超過了市場需求。其次，大多數大學生寧愿待在大城市，找不到合適的工作，也不愿去小城市和鄉村。

我認為如果大學和學生都采取有效措施，這個難題可以解決。首先，大學應該通過市場調查來發展學生的特殊技能以適應需求。其次，學生的就業觀念應該轉變。他們應該去小城市和鄉鎮，在那里他們可以充分發揮自己的專業理論知識和實踐技能。總而言之，如果我們更加重視，這種狀況可以得到改進。

2、出國留學

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic Studying Abroad.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1）目前很多中國學生出國留學，2）出國留學的好處，3）我的看法。

Nowadays, going abroad for studies is enjoying a striking popularity among adolescents.Importance should be attached to studying abroad.There are a great many advantages of studying overseas.First and foremost, living and studying abroad offers students a different perspective of the world.On a university campus, international students are likely to encounter their counterparts from various countries and areas and are exposed to diverse ideas and values.What is more, overseas experience is the best opportunity for the real-life use of foreign languages.There is no better opportunity to improve second-language skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.Generally peaking, it is my view that although going abroad is expensive and perhaps painful, the payoff is worthwhile.In the first place, in addition to knowledge, overseas students can gain precious experiences that those who stay at home will never have.Furthermore, overseas experience, frustrating and painful as it may be, is conducive to the growth of adolescents.目前，出國留學在年輕人中間非常流行。我們應該充分重視留學問題。

出國留學有很多好處。首先，國外生活和學習為學生提供了一個看待世界的不同視角。在大學校園中，國際學生很可能遇到來自不同國家和地區的同伴，并且面臨迥異的觀念和價值。此外，海外經歷是外語在實際生活運用的最佳時機。沒有什么比住在母語國家提高第二外語技能的更好機會了。

總之，我認為盡管出國留學很昂貴，并且可能會痛苦，但這種付出是值得的。首先，除了知識之外，留學生可以獲得留在國內的學生永遠無法獲得的寶貴經驗。其次，盡管留學經歷可能使人沮喪痛苦，然而這對年輕人的成長是有益的。

3、社會實踐

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Social Practice of College Students.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)各大學在假期都會組織學生參加各種社會實踐活動，2)這些活動給大學生帶來了哪些好處，3)參加社會實踐活動應該注意些什么。

Social Practice of College Students Nowadays a large number of universities encourage and organize students to take part in social practice activities.During the holidays, students in mounting numbers choose to be the volunteers, take part-time jobs, or take part in other practical activities alike.It is obvious that social practice is playing an increasingly essential role in China’s college education.Undoubtedly, college students have benefited a lot from social practice.Above all, they are provided with more opportunities to contact the real world outside campus.What is more, in social practice activities, students can apply their theoretical knowledge to the solution to the practical problems.So their practical skills are improved greatly.Besides, social practice helps strengthen students’ sense of social responsibility.Considering the above-mentioned, it is necessary for college students to participate in social practice.However, social practice may bring some problems.For example, some students spend too much time in taking part-time jobs so as to ignore their study.Hence, we should try to balance the relationship between social practice and study.現在很多大學鼓勵并組織學生參加社會實踐活動。在假期，越來越多的學生選擇去做志愿者，兼職打工或參加其他類似的實踐活動。顯而易見，社會實踐在中國大學教育中正在發揮日益重要的作用。

毫無疑問，大學生從社會實踐中受益匪淺。首先，他們有更多機會接觸校園之外的真實世界。其次，在社會實踐活動中，學生能把他們的理論知識用于解決實際問題。因此他們的實踐技能得到極大提高。此外，社會實踐有助于增強學生的社會責任感。考慮到上述論證，大學生必須參加社會實踐活動。然而，社會實踐可能帶來一些問題。例如，有些學生花費太多時間兼職打工，以至于忽視了他們的學習。因此，我們應該努力平衡社會實踐與學習之間的關系。

4、網絡游戲

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Online Games.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below:

1)現在有些大學生沉迷于網絡游戲，家長和學校對此憂心忡忡，2)但有人認為網絡游戲并非一無是處，3)你的看法。

Online Games As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students.A great many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games.But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected.This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents.However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful.They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly.Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science.More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly.From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a reasonable way.When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once.Yet if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.作為現代電腦與網絡的產物，在線游戲在大學生中間已經變得非常流行。很多學生喜歡來自于這些游戲的極大快樂與滿足。但是我們看到，一些缺乏自律的學生太沉迷于這些游戲，以至于影響了他們的健康和學習成績。這種現象已經在教師和家長中引起極大憂慮。

然而，有人認為在線游戲并不總是有害。它們可以訓練年輕人對事物的快速反應能力。此外，它們可以激發年輕人的想象與對電腦的興趣。更為重要的是，它確實給大學生帶來快樂并極大地減輕他們的壓力。

在我看來，如果你以適當的方式玩在線游戲，這是一種極好的娛樂。當它們太影響學習的時候，你最好立即放棄。然而如果你對他們有足夠的自制，你當然可以從中獲得真正的快樂并受益匪淺。

5、考證熱

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Certificate Craze on Campus.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)近幾年大學校園內出現“考證熱”，2)產生這一現象的原因，3)你的看法。

Certificate Craze on Campus In recent years, to get a certificate has become a new craze among college students.Just randomly ask a student on campus what he or she is busy doing, quite possibly, you may get the answer that he is preparing for a certificate of some kind.Why does this craze appear? There are mainly two reasons behind this phenomenon.To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates.With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market.How can one make himself more competitive? More certificates at hand, maybe.Furthermore, diploma and certificates are still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability.In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability.Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is nothing but wasting time.To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.近年來，考證在大學生中已經變成一種新的熱潮。只是在校園中隨機詢問一位學生他或她在忙什么，你可能就會得到這樣的答案：他正在準備考取某種證書。為何出現這種熱潮？

這種現象主要有兩點原因。首先，正是就業壓力使得大學生去考取更多證書。隨著大學的擴招，更多畢業生不得不面對就業市場的激烈競爭。一個人如何使自己更具競爭力？可能就是更多證書在手。此外，學位和證書仍是很多單位衡量個人能力的重要標準。為了改善就業條件，學生們迫使自己不斷參加考試。

在我看來，由于證書并不一定證明某人的能力，我們應該更加理性面對證書。盲目地熱衷于獲得證書只是浪費時間。總之，我們應該重視提升能力，而不是獲得沒有使用價值的證書。

6、節儉

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Extravagant Spending on College Campus.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)很多大學生每月的花銷越來越高，根本沒有節儉的概念，2)分析產生這一現象的原因，3)我的看法。

Extravagant Spending on College Campus According to a survey, in recent years the monthly expenditure of a college student has been on the sharp rise.Many college students have no concept of thrift in their mind.They take it for granted that they spend money from their parents before they enter into the society.This extravagant spending is primarily caused by the following factors.First of all, nowadays most of the students are the only children of their families.They are the apple in their family’s eyes and naturally get more care and pocket money.In addition, with the improvement of living standards, parents can afford higher expenditure of their children.Moreover, some students like to pursue fashion and trends, which tend to need more money.Finally, campus love is also a possible factor causing extravagant spending.From my point of view, a college student, as a pure consumer, should learn to be thrifty.We should limit our expenditure on daily necessities but not buy whatever we want regardless of their prices.The habit of thrift can help us form right values and is favorable to our future development.根據一項調查，近年來大學生每月花銷已經急劇增加。很多大學生腦中根本沒有節儉的概念。在走入社會之前，他們想當然地花費父母給的錢。這種浪費花銷主要由以下原因引起。

首先，現在大多數學生是家里的獨生子女。他們是父母眼中的寶貝，自然得到更多關心和零用錢。其次，隨著生活水平的提高，父母能夠承擔孩子更高的消費。此外，一些學生喜歡追求時尚和潮流，這也易于需要更多錢。最后，校園戀愛也是造成浪費花銷的另一可能原因。

在我看來，一名大學生作為純消費者，應該學會節儉。我們的支出應該限制在日常必需品，而不是不顧價格購買我們想要的一切。節儉的習慣能幫助我們樹立正確的價值觀，并有利于我們的未來發展。

7、挫折

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Frustration Education should be Strengthened among College Students.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline：

1)加強挫折教育十分重要，2)舉例說明你的觀點，3)為了加強挫折教育，我們應該怎么做

Frustration Education should be Strengthened among College Students It is universally acknowledged that college students should be guided correctly to face frustrations in life.Frustration is inevitable during our life, and frustration education should be carried out among colleges and universities.The truth of it is deep and profound.A great many remarkable illustrations contribute to this argument.A case in point is that there are an increasing number of college students committing suicide each year when confronted with some kind of frustration.This is close to suggest that strengthening frustration education allows of no delay.As a matter of fact, it seems that successful people tend to be good at dealing with frustrations.Moreover, most of the students are often annoyed and discouraged by frustrations instead of drawing lessons.Judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that frustration education is essential to the college students.But what is worth noting is colleges should also provide psychological service for the students while giving frustration education.To conclude, college students should be guided in the right path when facing setbacks in life.普遍公認我們應該正確引導大學生面對生活中的挫折。挫折在我們生活中必不可少，而挫折教育應該在學生和大學中展開。其中的道理非常深刻。

很多值得注意的例子支持上述論證。一個恰當的例子就是當面對某種挫折的時候，每年自殺的大學生越來越多。這充分證明了加強挫折教育刻不容緩。事實上，成功人士似乎傾向于擅長面對挫折。此外，大多數學生經常被挫折所煩惱和沮喪，而非吸取教訓。

根據上述論證，我們可以得出結論：挫折教育對于大學生十分重要。但值得注意的是，在進行挫折教育的同時，大學也應為學生提供心理服務。總之，在面對生活中的挫折時，我們應該對大學生給與正確引導。

8、報考公務員

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Test for Civil Servants.You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline below: 1)近幾年興起了一股報考公務員的熱潮，2)分析產生這一現象的原因，3)你的看法。

Test for Civil Servants In recent years, there are people in expanding numbers who have participated in the test for civil servants.Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation.And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage.The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.The following fundamental causes can account for this kind of craze.First and foremost, nowadays college students face great employment pressure.Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice.Moreover, recently, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people.Last but not least, the high social position of civil servants is a crucial factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years.However, from the long run, it does not do good to the development of our nation.If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources.Accordingly, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.近年來，越來越多的人開始參加公務員考試。數以百萬的學生選擇公務員作為他們畢業后最理想的職業。在他們中間，碩士和博士等高等教育者占據相當大的比例。報考公務員的熱潮已經引起廣泛的關注。

下述主要原因可以解釋這種熱潮。首先，現在大學生面對巨大的就業壓力。公務員作為當今中國最穩定的職業之一，成為他們的首選。其次，近年來公務員的福利和待遇已經極大改善，無疑吸引了很多人。最后，公務員較高的社會地位也是吸引很多人報考公務員的一個重要原因。

在我看來，報考公務員的熱潮在未來幾年中仍將繼續。然而，從長遠來看，這對我們國家的發展并沒有好處。如果大多數高素質人才聚集中于政府部門，這可能導致一種資源浪費。因此，個人和政府都應對報考公務員的熱潮有一種更客觀的認識。

9、互聯網

Directions: For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Internet.You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline below:

1、互聯網使用的現狀，2、大學生是否應該使用互聯網，人們的看法不同，3、我的看法。

In recent years, people are developing an inseparable relationship with Internet.As is known to all, it is convenient for us to click the mouse when surfing on line, either to entertain ourselves or to meet the work’s needs.On the one hand, no one denies that Internet is currently one of the most useful media in our daily life.As a college student, I get on line every day to exchange information through e-mails with my net friends.But on the other hand, a good many people admit that they are too much addicted to Internet to maintain a regular and wholesome lifestyle.Thus, it is necessary for us to use Internet in a reasonable way and restrain from overindulgence.After all，Internet is invented to enrich our life, and to improve the efficiency of our work rather than shackle us with a chain.近年來，人們與互聯網之間的關系變得越來越不可分割。眾所周知，無論是為了自我娛樂還是適應工作的需求，對我們來說，在網上沖浪時點擊鼠標非常方便。

一方面，不可否認互聯網現在是我們日常生活中最有用的媒體之一。作為一名大學生，我每天上網借助電子郵件和我的網友交流信息。但另一方面，很多人承認他們太沉迷于網絡，以至于無法保持一種正常和健康的生活方式。

因此，我們很有必要以一種合理的方式使用互聯網，避免過度沉迷。畢竟，人們發明互聯網是為了豐富我們的生活，提高我們的工作效率，并非用鎖鏈束縛我們。

10、重點句型

1）Numerous illustrations can be given ,but this one will suffice.2)

As far as I’m concerned

From my perspective

First and foremost

furthermore

last but not least

In the first place

in addition

what’s more

Generally speaking

in conclusion

On the one hand

on the other hand 3)As is vividly revealed in the picture above.4)To prevent this phenomenon from worsening.5)There is a widespread humorous saying ，11、模板

對立觀點型：

1）People’s opinions are always different ,once they talk about...some people

Maintain that...,while the objectors think that...2)Those who hold the first opinion suggest...,in contrast , others argue that...3)AS far as I am concerned, I prefer the latter(former)opinion.On the one hand...問題解決型：

1）Nowadays, there is a growing concern about...,so it is a great importance for us to...As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.2）To this problem, in my mind,there are at least the following three approaches...3）Generally speaking,...Anyway,I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us when all of us make joint efforts to solve this problem 圖表作文:.1)As is vividly revealed(shown)in the picture(chart)above...(描述圖畫)What this cartoon typically reveals is that people nowadays...（指出問題）2)分析圖表變化的原因

3）談自身的看法，解決問題的方法，對社會生活的影響 觀點論證類：

1）

Everything has two sides and...is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.2）The reasons are as follows.3）From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive the conclusion

that...4）From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.5）To make myself as clear as I can, I should give my standards for...(為使我的觀點更加清楚，我給出了我關于......的標準)